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  • Articles  (75)
  • Fisheries  (28)
  • 04.06. Seismology  (27)
  • ddc:320  (20)
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  • 2020-2023  (75)
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  • Articles  (75)
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  • 1
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    "Pfand auf alles" - eine Lösung für geschlossene Wertstoffkreisläufe in einer Kreislaufwirtschaft? : Studie im Auftrag der Bundestagsfraktion von Bündnis 90/Die Grünen (2021)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Der Begriff "Pfand" umfasst in seinen konkreten Anwendungen ganz unterschiedliche Konzepte, die sich mit unterschiedlichen Zielsetzungen auf verschiedene Produktgruppen beziehen und dabei sehr unterschiedliche Effekte auslösen. Zentrales Ziel dieser Kurzstudie ist es, zu einer etwas differenzierteren Betrachtung von Pfandsystemen beizutragen und auf die Stärken und Schwächen in den verschiedenen Anwendungskontexten hinzuweisen. Mit diesem Ziel werden in Kapitel 2 verschiedene Best-Practice-Beispiele dargestellt, bei denen die Einführung von Pfandsystemen in verschiedenen Formen zur Umsetzung einer Kreislaufwirtschaft beigetragen haben. Kapitel 3 beschreibt die verschiedenen Kriterien, auf deren Basis sich unterschiedliche Pfandsysteme für konkrete Produktgruppen begründen lassen könnten; ein spezifischer Fokus wird hierbei auf Verpackungssysteme gelegt. Im abschließenden Kapitel 4 werden davon ausgehend Handlungsempfehlungen entwickelt, wie das Instrument Pfand in Deutschland in möglichst effizienter Form genutzt werden könnte.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 2
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    Who cares about coal? : Analyzing 70 years of German parliamentary debates on coal with dynamic topic modeling (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Despite Germany's Paris Agreement pledge and coal exit legislation, the political debate around carbon-intensive coal remains heated. Coal power and mining have played an important, yet changing role in the history of German politics. In this paper, we analyze the entire parliamentary debate on coal in the German parliament (Bundestag) from its inception in 1949 to 2019. For this purpose we extract the more than 870,000 parliamentary speeches from all protocols in the history of the Bundestag. We identify the 9167 speeches mentioning coal and apply dynamic topic modeling – an unsupervised machine learning technique that reveals the changing thematic structure of large document collections over time - to analyze changes in parliamentary debates on coal over the past 70 years. The trends in topics and their varying internal structure reflect how energy policy was discussed and legitimized over time: Initially, coal was framed as a driver of economic prosperity and guarantee of energy security. In recent years, the debate evolved towards energy transition, coal phase-out and renewable energy expansion. Germany’s smaller and younger parties, the Greens and the Left Party, debate coal more often in the context of the energy transition and climate protection than other parties. Our results reflect trends in other countries and other fields of energy policy. Methodologically, our study illustrates the potential of and need for computational methods to analyze vast corpora of text and to complement traditional social science methods.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Wie Deutschland bis 2035 klimaneutral werden kann (2021)
    Berlin : Wasmuth & Zohlen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die vom Wuppertal Institut für Fridays for Future durchgeführten Analysen legen nahe, dass das Erreichen von CO2-Neutralität bis 2035 aus technischer und ökonomischer Sicht zwar extrem anspruchsvoll wäre, grundsätzlich aber möglich ist. Diese Zielsetzung wäre in allen Sektoren mit großen Herausforderungen verbunden und würde beispiellose politische Anstrengungen erfordern.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 4
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    3D physics-based seismic shaking scenarios for city of Zagreb, Capital of Croatia (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: In this work, we assess ground shaking in the wider Zagreb area by computing simulated seismograms at regional distances. For the purposes of the simulations, we assemble the 3D velocity and density model and test its performance. First, we compare the low-frequency simulations obtained using deterministic method for both new 3D model and a simple 1D model. We then continue the performance test by computing the full broadband seismo- grams. To do that, we apply the hybrid technique in which the low frequency (f〈1 Hz) and high frequency (f=1–10 Hz) seismograms are obtained separately using deterministic and stochastic method, respectively, and then reconciled into a single time series. We apply this method to the MW=5.3 event and four smaller (3.0〈MW〈5.0) events that occurred in the studied region. We compare simulated data with the recorded seismograms and vali- date our results by calculating the goodness of fit score for peak ground velocity and shak- ing duration. Next, to improve the understanding of the strong ground motion in this area, we simulate seismic shaking scenarios for the 1880, MW = 6.2 earthquake. From computed low-frequency waveforms, we generate shakemaps and compare the ground-motion fea- tures of the two possible sources of this event, Kašina fault and North Medvednica fault. We conduct a preliminary study to determine which fault is a more probable source of the 1880 historic event by comparing the peak ground velocities and Arias intensity with the observed intensities.
    Description: Croatian Science Foundation under the Project No. IP-2020-02-3960 European Commission, H2020 Excel- lence Science [ChEESE (Grant No. 823844)]
    Description: Published
    Description: 167–192
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Numerical simulation ; 3D ground motion ; Earthquake ; Central Croatia ; Zagreb ; Seismic wave propagation ; 3D crustal model ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Combining audio and visual displays to highlight temporal and spatial seismic patterns (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: Data visualization, and to a lesser extent data sonification, are classic tools to the scientific community. However, these two approaches are very rarely combined, although they are highly complementary: our visual system is good at recognizing spatial patterns, whereas our auditory system is better tuned for temporal patterns. In this article, data representation methods are proposed that combine visualization, sonification, and spatial audio techniques, in order to optimize the user’s perception of spatial and temporal patterns in a single display, to increase the feeling of immersion, and to take advantage of multimodal integration mechanisms. Three seismic data sets are used to illustrate the methods, covering different physical phenomena, time scales, spatial distributions, and spatio-temporal dynamics. The methods are adapted to the specificities of each data set, and to the amount of information that the designer wants to display. This leads to further developments, namely the use of audification with two time scales, the switch from pure audification to time-modulated noise, and the switch from pure audification to sonic icons. First user feedback from live demonstrations indicates that the methods presented in this article seem to enhance the perception of spatio-temporal patterns, which is a key parameter to the understanding of seismically active systems, and a step towards apprehending the processes that drive this activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 125–142
    Description: 7T. Variazioni delle caratteristiche crostali e "precursori"
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    GIS applications in volcano monitoring: the study of seismic swarms at the Campi Flegrei volcanic complex, Italy (2021)
    Copernicus Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-25
    Description: Campi Flegrei caldera (Southern Italy) is one of the most hazardous volcanic complexes in the world since it is located inside the densely inhabited urban district of Naples-Pozzuoli. In the past, the caldera has produced devastating to moderate eruptions and periodically undergoes from strong to minor uplift episodes, named “bradyseism”, almost always accompanied by seismic swarms. Starting from 2005 Campi Flegrei has undergone an unrest crisis, characterized by ground uplift, localized gas emissions and seismicity, often occurring in seismic swarms. As a consequence, the monitoring activities have been progressively increasing, producing a huge amount of data, difficult to manage and match. GIS (Geographical Information System) represents a potent tool to manage great quantity of data, coming from different disciplines. In this study, we show two GIS technology applications to the seismic catalogue of Campi Flegrei. In the first one, a high-quality dataset is extracted from the GeoDatabase addressed to seismological studies that require high precision earthquake locations. In the second application, GIS are used to extract, visualize and analyse the typical seismic swarms of Campi Flegrei. Moreover, density and seismic moment distribution maps were generated for these swarms. In the last application, the GIS allow to highlight a clear variation in the temporal trend of the seismic swarms at Campi Flegrei.
    Description: This study has benefited from funding provided by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri – Dipartimento della Protezione Civile.
    Description: Published
    Description: 131-144
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: 6SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei ; Seismic swams ; Seismic network ; GIS ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    The challenges of assessing "collective progress" : design options for an effective global stocktake process under the UNFCCC ; final report (2021)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The Paris Agreement combines collective goals with individual countries' contributions. This hybrid approach does not guarantee that the individual contributions add up to what is required to meet the collective goals. The Paris Agreement therefore established the Global Stocktake. Its task is to "assess collective progress" towards achieving the long-term goals of the agreement as of 2023 and every five years thereafter. Corresponding to this role, this report addresses three questions: What should an effective Global Stocktake look like? What information and data are needed? Is it possible to execute an effective Global Stocktake within the mandate of the Paris Agreement?
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 8
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    Sufficiency in transport policy : an analysis of EU countries' national energy and climate plans and long-term strategies (2021)
    Stockholm : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: On the pathway to climate neutrality, EU member states are obliged to submit national energy and climate plans (NECPs) with planned policies and measures for decarbonization until 2030 and long-term strategies (LTSs) for further decarbonization until 2050. We analysed the 27 NECPs and 15 LTSs submitted by October 2020 using an interrater method. This paper focuses on energy sufficiency policies and measures in the transport sector. We found a total of 236 sufficiency policy measures with more than half of them (53 %) in the transport/mobility sector. Additionally, we found 41 measures that address two or more sectors (cross-sectoral measures). From the explicit sufficiency measures within the transport sector, 82 % aim at modal shift. A reduction of transport volumes is much less addressed. Countries plan to use mainly fiscal and economic instruments. Those are in many cases investments in infrastructure of low-carbon transport modes and taxation instruments. Plans on decarbonisation measures are also frequently mentioned. The majority of cross-sectoral measures are carbon taxes or tax reforms, also economic instruments. On the one hand it is encouraging that Member States strongly emphasize the transport sector in their NECPs and LTSs - at least quantitatively and concerning sufficiency measures - because this sector has been the worst-performing in climate mitigation so far. On the other hand, the measures described seem not sufficient to reach ambitious climate targets, and we doubt that the presented set of policy instruments will get the transport sector on track to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in the necessary extent.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Scaling-up energy sufficiency on a European level through a bottom-up modelling approach : lessons and perspectives (2021)
    Stockholm : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The unprecedented challenge of reaching carbon neutrality before mid-century and a large share of it within 2030 in order to keep under the 1.5 or 2 °C carbon budgets, requires broad and deep changes in production and consumption patterns which, together with a shift to renewables and reinforced efficiency, need to be addressed through energy sufficiency. However, inadequate representations and obstacles to characterising and identifying sufficiency potentials often lead to an underrepresentation of sufficiency in models, scenarios and policies. One way to tackle this issue is to work on the development of sufficiency assumptions at a concrete level where various implications such as social consequences, environmental co-benefits, conditions for implementation can be discussed. This approach has been developed as the backbone of a collaborative project, gathering partners in 20 European countries at present, aiming for the integration of harmonised national scenarios into an ambitious net-zero European vision. The approach combines a qualitative discussion on the role of energy sufficiency in a "systemic" merit order for global sustainability, and a quantitative discussion of the level of sufficiency to be set to contribute to meeting 100 % renewables supply and net-zero emissions goals by 2050 at the latest. The latter is based on the use of a dashboard, which serves as a common descriptive framework for all national scenario trajectories and their comparison, with a view to harmonising and strengthening them through an iterative process. A set of key sufficiency-related indicators have been selected to be included in the dashboard, while various interrelated infrastructural, economic, environmental, social or legal factors or drivers have been identified and mapped. This paves the way for strengthening assumptions through the elaboration of "sufficiency corridors" defining a convergent, acceptable and sustainable level of energy services in Europe. The process will eventually inform the potential for sufficiency policies through a better identification of leverages, impacts and co-benefits.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Three dimensional refraction tomography and accurate seismic locations in the Ligurian Sea from the GROSMarin experiment (2021)
    SGI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-29
    Description: The geological evolution of the western Mediterranean exhibits complicated interactions between orogenic processes and widespread extensional tectonics. The region is located in a convergent plate margin separating Africa and Europe, and consists of marine basins – the Alboran Sea, the Algerian- Provençal Basin, the Valencia trough, the Ligurian Sea and the Tyrrhenian Sea- which formed as back-arc basins since the Oligocene. In most reconstructions, it has been stressed that back-arc extension led to drifting of continental blocks and to large-scale block rotations. The opening of the Ligurian Sea. is in fact the result of counterclockwise rotation of Corsica and Sardinia. From the point of view of seismicity, the south western Alps and northern part of the Ligurian basin are subject to frequent earthquakes of low to moderate magnitudes. However significantly destructive events are known to have occurred in the past (e.g. 1564 and 1887). Apart from these rare large events, regional studies agree in concluding that the important local microseismicity appears to be poorly focused (e.g., COURBOULEX et alii, 2007) and that, if some tectonic lines are documented onland (COURBOULEX et alii, 2001), the active structures at sea remain unknown. It is therefore an essential prerequisite to gain better insight into the deep seismogenic structures along the North Ligurian margin and even farther offshore, in the identified oceanic domain. The fact that some of these structures can undergo ruptures of Mw~6.5, such as the 1887 event (BAKUN & SCOTTI, 2006), suggests that, at least to some extent, instrumental insufficiencies in the detection and location of microseismicity is a limit to identify active faults that have not experienced large instrumented ruptures to date. The irregular coverage provided by regional seismic networks produces a bias in the recording of local seismicity. Permanent stations are naturally limited to land areas and fail to properly constrain seismicity offshore. Taking into consideration the peculiarities of regional dynamics (low strain rates, rare large events and a regular seismic activity limited to small events with M 〈 3-4), even onshore seismicity is insufficiently covered by permanent networks and requires dense temporary instrumenting by mobile stations. Considering the potential threat of strong offshore earthquakes, it is of first importance to characterize faults that are prone to rupture in order to quantify associated seismic and tsunami hazards. Assuming some weak seismicity exists along these faults and remains undetected by onland networks, some marine stations are necessary to address instrumental remoteness and help delineate active structures. Moreover, since the velocity models used for locations are obtained by inverting seismic data and the reliability of their locations depend, in turn, from the quality of the velocity model used for their hypocentral parameters, the constraints on the seismic path provided by a more dense seismic network may contribute to a more accurate reference model. In this study, we profited from the recent developments in sea bottom seismic instrumentation to deploy OBSs above the zones of the North Ligurian to perform seismic shots and obtain the distribution of seismic velocities with 3D active tomography. We also took the opportunity of the long term (6 months) OBSs reduced array to decrease both the detection threshold and recording distances so as to obtain more complete catalogs and better localisations.
    Description: Published
    Description: 789-791
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: 04.01. Earth Interior ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Seismogenic Structure Orientation and Stress Field of the Gargano Promontory (Southern Italy) From Microseismicity Analysis (2021)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-30
    Description: Historical seismic catalogs report that the Gargano Promontory (southern Italy) was affected in the past by earthquakes with medium to high estimated magnitude. From the instrumental seismicity, it can be identified that the most energetic Apulian sequence occurred in 1995 with a main shock of MW = 5.2 followed by about 200 aftershocks with a maximum magnitude of 3.7. The most energetic earthquakes of the past are attributed to right-lateral strike-slip faults, while there is evidence that the present-day seismicity occur on thrust or thrust-strike faults. In this article, we show a detailed study on focal mechanisms and stress field obtained by micro-seismicity recorded from April 2013 until the present time in the Gargano Promontory and surrounding regions. Seismic waveforms are collected from the OTRIONS Seismic Network (OSN), from the Italian National Seismic Network (RSN), and integrated with data from the Italian National Accelerometric Network (RAN) in order to provide a robust dataset of earthquake localizations and focal mechanisms. The effect of uncertainties of the velocity model on fault plane solutions (FPS) has been also evaluated indicating the robustness of the results. The computed stress field indicates a deep compressive faulting with maximum horizontal compressive stress, SHmax, trending NW-SE. The seismicity pattern analysis indicates that the whole crust is seismically involved up to a depth of 40 km and indicates the presence of a low-angle seismogenic surface trending SW-NE and dipping SE-NW, similar to the Gargano–Dubrovnik lineament. Shallower events, along the eastern sector of the Mattinata Fault (MF), are W-E dextral strike-slip fault. Therefore, we hypothesized that the seismicity is locally facilitated by preexisting multidirectional fractures, confirmed by the heterogeneity of focal mechanisms, and explained by the different reactivation processes in opposite directions over the time, involving the Mattinata shear zone.
    Description: Published
    Description: 589332
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Gargano promontory ; OTRIONS local seismic network ; focal mechanisms ; stress field ; microseismicity ; mattinata fault ; gargano-dubrovnik lineament ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    Practical Issues in Monitoring a Hydrocarbon Cultivation Activity in Italy: The Pilot Project at the Cavone Oil Field (2021)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-12
    Description: In this paper we describe the results of an experimental implementation of the recent guidelines issued by the Italian regulatory body for monitoring hydrocarbon production activities. In particular, we report about the pilot study on seismic, deformation, and pore pressure monitoring of the Mirandola hydrocarbon cultivation facility in Northern Italy. This site hosts the Cavone oil field that was speculated of possibly influencing the 2012 ML 5.8 Mirandola earthquake source. According to the guidelines, the monitoring center should analyse geophysical measurements related to seismicity, crustal deformation and pore pressure in quasi real-time (within 24–48 h). A traffic light system would then be used to regulate underground operations in case of detecting significant earthquakes (i.e., events with size and location included in critical ranges). For these 2-year period of guidelines experimentation, we analysed all different kinds of available data, and we tested the existence of possible relationship between their temporal trends. Despite the short time window and the scarce quantity of data collected, we performed the required analysis and extracted as much meaningful and statistically reliable information from the data. We discuss here the most important observations drawn from the monitoring results, and highlight the lessons learned by describing practical issues and limitations that we have encountered in carrying out the tasks as defined in the guidelines. Our main goal is to contribute to the discussion about how to better monitor the geophysical impact of this kind of anthropogenic activity. We point out the importance of a wider seismic network but, mostly, of borehole sensors to improve microseismic detection capabilities. Moreover, the lack of an assessment of background seismicity in an unperturbed situation -due to long life extraction activities- makes it difficult to get a proper picture of natural background seismic activity, which would be instead an essential reference information for a tectonically-active regions, such as Northern Italy.
    Description: “Convenzione tra il comune di San Possidonio e l’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia -I.N.G.V.- per l’attuazione del monitoraggio nella concessione di coltivazione idrocarburi “Mirandola” finalizzata alla messa in opera di attività di monitoraggio di sperimentazione degli indirizzi e linee guida per i monitoraggi ILG ed assunzione funzioni di Struttura Preposta al Monitoraggio di cui all’art. 6 del Protocollo Operativo”
    Description: Published
    Description: 685300
    Description: 3SR TERREMOTI - Attività dei Centri
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Italian guidelines for monitoring industrial activities ; induced seismicity ; pore pressure monitoring ; deformation monitoring ; seismic monitoring ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.09. Miscellaneous ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 04.03. Geodesy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Is an Earthquake Felt Inside a Car? (2021)
    SSA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-15
    Description: The analysis of how an earthquake is felt was addressed with the data provided by citizens through a website dedicated to the perception of earthquakes in Italy (Data and Resources). The analysis focused on the perception of earthquakes by observers inside both parked and moving cars. These situations were compared with outdoor ones. The felt percentage of each situation was quantified for epicentral distance ranges and European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) degree. One of the main findings was the greatest sensitivity to shaking for people inside parked cars due to resonance phenomena of the automobile–observer system. The distribution of the intensity of perception in the car was analyzed as a function of the hypocentral distance and the magnitude of the earthquake. It was possible to define the attenuation trends of these intensities. The comparison of these trends with those of the equations for estimation of response spectral ordinates allowed us to have an evaluation of the frequency values of the seismic waves that caused the vibrations felt, which were found to agree with the typical frequencies of the car–observer system, as highlighted by independent studies. The results of this analysis show the possibility to include the perception of the earthquake inside a parked and moving car among the diagnostics used in the definition of macroseismic intensity degree of the EMS.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2028–2035
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: 5SR TERREMOTI - Convenzioni derivanti dall'Accordo Quadro decennale INGV-DPC
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: macroseismics ; questionnaires ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    Urban environmental protection international : stock-taking and outlook ; final report (2021)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The aim of this study is to contribute to a learning process about innovative and successful approaches to overcoming problems and challenges of urban environmental protection. To this end, a detailed overview of the importance of environmental challenges, political priorities and successful solutions in selected countries and cities is given. Based on this, the study analyzes specific success factors and discusses the extent to which these can be transferred and replicated to other cities. Finally, recommendations are made for cities, countries and the international community on how environmental protection at the urban level can be further strengthened. The role of German cities and institutions will also be discussed. The case studies analyzed include Belo Horizonte in Brazil, Moscow in Russia, Kochi in India, Beijing in China, Cape Town in South Africa and Jakarta in Indonesia. These cities were selected because they have already implemented successful policies, measures and other initiatives in the past. For each city, the study analyzes relevant policy documents in order to present the respective challenges and political priorities. The analysis aims to understand the effectiveness of the plans and instruments taking into account the national political environment. Despite the cross-sectoral approach, the analysis of each case study focuses on specific sectors in order to produce well-founded results. The success factors that are worked out based on this sectoral analysis are placed in a holistic context in order to be able to make generalizable statements about success factors.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Ambition coefficients : aligning baselines for international carbon markets with net zero pathways (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-23
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Regulation and mitigation of greenhouse gases (2021)
    Heidelberg : Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-23
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Next-generation energy performance certificates and deep energy renovation (2021)
    Stockholm : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-23
    Description: An important instrument to enhance the market uptake of energy-efficient new buildings and the energy-efficient renovation of existing buildings in the European Union (EU) are the Energy Performance Certificates (EPC). However, their implementation and use has varied between EU Member States. The European Commission has therefore provided funding to a number of Horizon2020 projects to develop next-generation EPC schemes. One of these is the QualDeEPC project, aiming to both improve quality and cross-EU convergence of EPC schemes, and particularly the link between EPCs and deep renovation. The objective of the project is to improve the practical implementation of the assessment, issuance, design, and use of EPCs as well as their renovation recommendations, in the participating countries and beyond. This paper presents the policy proposals and concepts for tools that the QualDeEPC project has developed as priorities for enhanced EPC schemes: - Improving the recommendations for renovation, which are provided on the EPCs, towards deep energy renovation - An online tool for comparing EPC recommendations to deep energy renovation recommendations - Creating Deep Renovation Network Platforms (One-stop Shops plus networking and joint communication of supply-side actors) - Regular mandatory EPC assessor training (on assessment and renovation recommendations) required for certification/accreditation and registry - Achieving a high user-friendliness of the EPC - Voluntary/mandatory advertising guidelines for EPCs - Improving compliance with the mandatory use of EPCs in real estate advertisements The paper will focus on the aspects related to improving the impact of EPCs for stimulating deep renovation. It will also present lessons learnt from the discussion with stakeholders at national and European workshops and from the testing of the proposals and tools in around 100 buildings, as well as from the first steps of their country-specific adaptation.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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    Multidisciplinary analyses for mapping and evaluating kinematics and stress/strain field at active faults and fissures at NE Rift, Mt Etna (Italy) (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-13
    Description: Strategies for disaster risk reduction in volcanic areas are mostly driven by multidisciplinary analyses, which offer effective and complementary information on complex geomorphological and volcano-tectonic environments. For example, quantification of the offset at active faults and fissures is of paramount importance to shed light on the kinematics of zones prone to deformation and/or seismic activity. This provides key information for the assessment of seismic hazard, but also for the identification of conditions that may favor magma uprising and opening of eruptive fissures. Here we present the results of a study encompassing detailed geological, structural and seismological observations focusing on part of the NE Rift at Etna volcano (Italy). The area is situated at an elevation ranging between 2700 and 1900 m a.s.l. where harsh meteorological conditions and difficult logistics render classical field work a troublesome issue. In order to bypass these difficulties, high-resolution (2.8 cm) UAV survey has been recently completed. The survey highlights the presence of 250 extension fractures, 20 normal fault segments, and 54 eruptive fissures. The study allows us to quantify the kinematics at extensional fractures and normal faults, obtaining an extension rate of 1.9 cm/yr for the last 406 yr. With a total of 432 structural data collected by UAV along with SfM photogrammetry, this work also demonstrates the suitability of the application of such surveys for the monitoring of hazardous zone.
    Description: Published
    Description: online (vEGU21)
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Keywords: Etna ; stress and strain field ; active faults ; NE Rift ; volcano ; kinematics ; UAV survey ; multidisciplinary analysis ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 19
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    Characterization of fault plane and coseismic slip for the 2 May 2020, Mw 6.6 Cretan Passage earthquake from tide gauge tsunami data and moment tensor solutions (2021)
    Egu-Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-15
    Description: We investigated the seismic fault structure and the rupture characteristics of the MW 6.6, 2 May 2020, Cretan Passage earthquake through tsunami data inverse modelling. Our results suggest a shallow crustal event with a reverse mechanism within the accretionary wedge rather than on the Hellenic Arc subduction interface. The study identifies two possible ruptures: a steeply sloping reverse splay fault and a back-thrust rupture dipping south, with a more prominent dip angle.
    Description: We present a source solution for the tsunami generated by the Mw 6.6 earthquake that occurred on 2 May 2020, about 80 km offshore south of Crete, in the Cretan Passage, on the shallow portion of the Hellenic Arc subduction zone (HASZ). The tide gauges recorded this local tsunami on the southern coast of Crete and Kasos island. We used Crete tsunami observations to constrain the geometry and orientation of the causative fault, the rupture mechanism, and the slip amount. We first modelled an ensemble of synthetic tsunami waveforms at the tide gauge locations, produced for a range of earthquake parameter values as constrained by some of the available moment tensor solutions. We allow for both a splay and a back-thrust fault, corresponding to the two nodal planes of the moment tensor solution. We then measured the misfit between the synthetic and the Ierapetra observed marigram for each source parameter set. Our results identify the shallow, steeply dipping back-thrust fault as the one producing the lowest misfit to the tsunami data. However, a rupture on a lower angle fault, possibly a splay fault, with a sinistral component due to the oblique convergence on this segment of the HASZ, cannot be completely ruled out. This earthquake reminds us that the uncertainty regarding potential earthquake mechanisms at a specific location remains quite significant. In this case, for example, it is not possible to anticipate if the next event will be one occurring on the subduction interface, on a splay fault, or on a back-thrust, which seems the most likely for the event under investigation. This circumstance bears important consequences because back-thrust and splay faults might enhance the tsunamigenic potential with respect to the subduction interface due to their steeper dip. Then, these results are relevant for tsunami forecasting in the framework of both the long-term hazard assessment and the early warning systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3713–3730
    Description: 8T. Sismologia in tempo reale e Early Warning Sismico e da Tsunami
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Tsunami, Mediterranean, Early Warning ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 20
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    Active fault segments along the North Anatolian Fault system in the Sea of Marmara: implication for seismic hazard (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-16
    Description: A new analysis of high-resolution multibeam and seismic reflection data, collected during several oceanographic expeditions starting from 1999, allowed us to compile an updated morphotectonic map of the North Anatolian Fault below the Sea of Marmara. We reconstructed kinematics and geometries of individual fault segments, active at the time scale of 10 ka, an interval which includes several earthquake cycles, taking as stratigraphic marker the base of the latest marine transgression. Given the high deformation rates relative to sediment supply, most active tectonic structures have a morphological expression at the seafloor, even in presence of composite fault geometries and/or overprinting due to mass-wasting or turbidite deposits. In the frame of the right-lateral strike-slip domain characterizing the North Anatolian fault system, three types of deformation are observed: almost pure strike-slip faults, oriented mainly E–W; NE/SW-aligned axes of transpressive structures; NW/SE-oriented trans-tensional depressions. Fault segmentation occurs at different scales, but main segments develop alongthree major right-lateral oversteps, which delimit main fault branches, from east to west: (i) the transtensive Cinarcik segment; (ii) the Central (East and West) segments; and (iii) the westernmost Tekirdag segment. A quantitative morphometric analysis of the shallow deformation patterns observed by seafloor morphology maps and high-resolution seismic reflection profiles along the entire basin allowed to determine nature and cumulative lengths of individual fault segments. These data were used as inputs for empirical relationships, to estimate maximum expected Moment Magnitudes, obtaining values in the range of 6.8–7.4 for the Central, and 6.9–7.1 for the Cinarcik and Tekirdag segments, respectively. We discuss these findings considering analyses of historical catalogues and available paleoseismological studies for the Sea of Marmara regionto formulate reliable seismic hazard scenarios.
    Description: Published
    Description: 29–44
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: North Anatolian fault · ; Sea of Marmara ; Earthquakes ; Active fault segments ; Marine geophysics ; Seismic hazard ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 21
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    The contribution of the NEMO-SN1 seafloor observatory to improve the seismic locations in the Ionian Sea (Italy) (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-22
    Description: The Western Ionian Sea is characterised by an active and diffuse seismicity, directly related to the convergence of the European and African Plates and by gravitational sinking and rollback of the oceanic lithosphere. In this area, the location of earthquakes is characterised by considerable uncertainties due to large azimuthal gaps, resulting in notable location errors. This problem was partially overcome with the use of data recorded by NEMO-SN1 seafloor observatory (October 2002 - February 2003; June 2012 - May 2013). We relocated 1130 crustal and sub-crustal earthquakes using land network and NEMO-SN1 data. As most events occurred on Mt. Etna, we focused on 358 earthquakes in the offshore area and near the coasts of Sicily and Calabria. The use of the combined land-marine networks has improved the earthquake locations in terms of azimuthal GAP, as well as in horizontal and vertical errors. The comparison between locations performed with and without NEMO-SN1 data shows that differences in latitude, longitude and depths are more evident in the Western Ionian Sea and in the coast of Sicily, where values of the differences over 5 km correspond to structural heterogeneities. The increased number of seismic stations deployed on land from 2003 to 2012 did not influence the location of events occurring offshore, where NEMO-SN1 continued to be the distinctive tool in the location process. Moreover, the new 73 focal mechanisms computed with P-wave polarities from NEMO-SN1 and land stations are in agreement with the regional structural model, showing a prevalent normal, normal/oblique, and strike-slip kinematics. The similarity of two new focal solutions with the mechanisms of the main shock and aftershock of the 1990 earthquake demonstrates that the seismic structures are still active and potentially dangerous. The P-wave travel time residual analysis confirms the activity along the main structural alignments. A single point of observation in the Ionian Sea can significantly improve the quality of locations, giving an opportunity to focus on the seismogenic structures responsible for the occurrence of medium-to-high magnitude earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: Se655
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquake location ; Focal mechanisms ; Tectonic and volcanic structures ; NEMO-SN1 seafloor observatory ; Ionian Sea ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 22
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    Archaeological evidence for a mid-3rd century CE earthquake at Segesta (western Sicily) (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-22
    Description: Collapse of buildings, large-scale destruction and temporary abandonment of an area documented in archaeological reports provide evidence for a major earthquake in Segesta in north-western Sicily. This, and possibly a cluster of other earthquakes as recently well-documented at Selinunte (south-western), can be derived from archaeological data. These earthquakes are not included in the Italian seismic catalogues, but can be used to set constraints on the seismic risk of this area. Although western Sicily is a low seismic moment release region, characterized by sparse, low-moderate magnitude earthquakes, the occurrence of strong earthquakes in the past would instead suggest the investigated area as having a high seismic potential. The present study improves the knowledge of past earthquakes of this area, thus contributing to a more reliable characterization of seismic hazard.
    Description: Submitted
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: historical earthquake ; archaeoseismology, ; buildings collapse ; western Sicily ; Segesta ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 23
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    Crustal Strain and Stress Fields in Egypt from Geodetic and Seismological Data (2021)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-22
    Description: The comparison between crustal stress and surface strain azimuthal patterns has provided new insights into several complex tectonic settings worldwide. Here, we performed such a comparison for Egypt taking into account updated datasets of seismological and geodetic observations. In north-eastern Egypt, the stress field shows a fan-shaped azimuthal pattern with a WNW–ESE orientation on the Cairo region, which progressively rotated to NW–SE along the Gulf of Aqaba. The stress field shows a prevailing normal faulting regime, however, along the Sinai/Arabia plate boundary it coexists with a strike–slip faulting one (σ1 ≅ σ2 〉 σ3), while on the Gulf of Suez, it is characterized by crustal extension occurring on near-orthogonal directions (σ1 〉 σ2 ≅ σ3). On the Nile Delta, the maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) pattern shows scattered orientations, while on the Aswan region, it has a WNW–ESE strike with pure strike–slip features. The strain-rate field shows the largest values along the Red Sea and the Sinai/Arabia plate boundary. Crustal stretching (up to 40 nanostrain/yr) occurs on these areas with WSW–ENE and NE–SW orientations, while crustal contraction occurs on northern Nile Delta (10 nanostrain/yr) and offshore (~35 nanostrain/yr) with E–W and N–S orientations, respectively. The comparison between stress and strain orientations over the investigated area reveals that both patterns are near-parallel and driven by the same large-scale tectonic processes.
    Description: This research was partially funded by the Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020—A call made by the University of Jaén 2018.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1398
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: strain ; stress ; GNSS ; Egypt ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 24
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    Seismic and Geodetic Crustal Moment-Rates Comparison: New Insights on the Seismic Hazard of Egypt (2021)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-23
    Description: A comparative analysis of geodetic versus seismic moment-rate estimations makes it possible to distinguish between seismic and aseismic deformation, define the style of deformation, and also to reveal potential seismic gaps. This analysis has been performed for Egypt where the present-day tectonics and seismicity result from the long-lasting interaction between the Nubian, Eurasian, and Arabian plates. The data used comprises all available geological and tectonic information, an updated Poissonian earthquake catalog (2200 B.C.–2020 A.D.) including historical and instrumental datasets, a focal-mechanism solutions catalog (1951–2019), and crustal geodetic strains from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data. The studied region was divided into ten (EG-01 to EG-10) crustal seismic sources based mainly on seismicity, focal mechanisms, and geodetic strain characteristics. The delimited seismic sources cover the Gulf of Aqaba–Dead Sea Transform Fault system, the Gulf of Suez–Red Sea Rift, besides some potential seismic active regions along the Nile River and its delta. For each seismic source, the estimation of seismic and geodetic moment-rates has been performed. Although the obtained results cannot be considered to be definitive, among the delimited sources, four of them (EG-05, EG-06, EG-08, and EG-10) are characterized by low seismic-geodetic moment-rate ratios (〈20%), reflecting a prevailing aseismic behavior. Intermediate moment-rate ratios (from 20% to 60%) have been obtained in four additional zones (EG-01, EG-04, EG-07, and EG-09), evidencing how the seismicity accounts for a minor to a moderate fraction of the total deformational budget. In the other two sources (EG-02 and EG-03), high seismic-geodetic moment-rates ratios (〉60%) have been observed, reflecting a fully seismic deformation
    Description: This research has been partially funded in the frame of the Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014–2020-call made by the University of Jaén, 2018.
    Description: Published
    Description: 7836
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismicity ; GNSS ; Strain ; seismic hazard ; Egypt ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Application of Subspace-Based Detection Algorithm to Infrasound Signals in Volcanic Areas (2021)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-23
    Description: Infrasonic signals investigation plays a fundamental role for both volcano monitoring purpose and the study of the explosion dynamics. Proper and reliable detection of weak signals is a critical issue in active volcano monitoring. In particular, in volcanic acoustics, it has direct consequences in pinpointing the real number of generated events (amplitude transients), especially when they exhibit low amplitude, are close in time to each other, and/or multiple sources exist. To accomplish this task, several algorithms have been proposed in literature; in particular, to overcome limitations of classical approaches such as short-time average/long-time average and cross-correlation detector, in this paper a subspace-based detection technique has been implemented. Results obtained by applying subspace detector on real infrasound data highlight that this method allows sensitive detection of lower energy events. This method is based on a projection of a sliding window of signal buffer onto a signal subspace that spans a collection of reference signals, representing similar waveforms from a particular infrasound source. A critical point is related to subspace design. Here, an empirical procedure has been applied to build the signal subspace from a set of reference waveforms (templates). In addition, in order to determine detectors parameters, such as subspace dimension and detection threshold, even in presence of overlapped noise such as infrasonic tremor, a statistical analysis of noise has been carried out. Finally, the subspace detector reliability and performance, have been assessed by performing a comparison among subspace approach, cross correlation detector and short-time average/long-time average detector. The obtained confusion matrix and extrapolated performance indices have demonstrated the potentiality, the advantages and drawbacks of the subspace method in tracking volcanic activity producing infrasound events. This method revealed to be a good compromise in detecting low-energy and very close in time events recorded during Strombolian activity
    Description: Published
    Description: 579923
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: infrasound signal ; trigger algorithm ; infrasound volcano monitoring ; strombolian activity ; etna volcano ; infrasonic tremor ; subspace detector ; infrasound events ; solid earth ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 26
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    Analisis complementario entre parametros instrumentales y macrosismicos: terremoto de mayo 24, 2008 en Quetame, Colombia (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-22
    Description: The earthquake of May 24th, 2008, occurred in the municipality of Quetame (Colombia), is a recent event detected by the RSNC and the World Seismological Network, which reported their seismological parameters: epicenter, depth, magnitude, scalar seismic moment and focal mechanism, among others. Based on the damages and effects caused, INGEOMINAS (Colombian Geological Survey) evaluated the macroseismic field, preparing the map of intensities with data in various populations of the departments of Cundinamarca, Tolima and Meta, mainly. Based on this macroseismic information, in this work some macroseismic analysis methods are applied to obtain the corresponding focal parameters. The results show strong correlations or similarities between instrumental and macroseismic parameters. Instrumentally reported: Epicenter 4.4°N and 73.81°W; h=14.7 km, 5.9 Mw, 5.9 Ms, 5.6 mb, 5.7 ML; M0=7.95*1024 dynes-cm. While macroseismically it was obtained: Epicenter 4.34°N and 73.86°W; 5.94 Mw, 5.5 Ms, 5.6±0.2 mb, 5.63 ML; hn=12.1 km, hl=2.23 km; E=4.57*1020 erg, M0=9.14*1024 dynes-cm; the parameters of the dimensions of the seismic focus and the seismotectonic deformation expressed by the seismic flow of the rock mass were also determined. The applied procedures show the character of complementarity between instrumental and macroseismic data.
    Description: Published
    Description: 163-184
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: earthquakes ; focal parameters ; macroseismic ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 27
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    Integrating macroseismic intensity distributions with a probabilistic approach: an application in Italy (2021)
    EGU - Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-17
    Description: The geographic distribution of earthquake effects quantified in terms of macroseismic intensities, the so-called macroseismic field, provides basic information for several applications including source characterization of pre-instrumental earthquakes and risk analysis. Macroseismic fields of past earthquakes as inferred from historical documentation may present spatial gaps, due to the incompleteness of the available information. We present a probabilistic approach aimed at integrating incomplete intensity distributions by considering the Bayesian combination of estimates provided by intensity prediction equations (IPEs) and data documented at nearby localities, accounting for the relevant uncertainties and the discrete and ordinal nature of intensity values. The performance of the proposed methodology is tested at 28 Italian localities with long and rich seismic histories and for two well-known strong earthquakes (i.e., 1980 southern Italy and 2009 central Italy events). A possible application of the approach is also illustrated relative to a 16th-century earthquake in the northern Apennines.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2299–2311
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 28
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    The Seismicity of Ischia Island, Italy: An Integrated Earthquake Catalogue From 8th Century BC to 2019 and Its Statistical Properties (2021)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-01
    Description: Ischia is a densely inhabited and touristic volcanic island located in the northern sector of the Gulf of Naples (Italy). In 2017, the Mw 3.9 Casamicciola earthquake occurred after more than one century of seismic quiescence characterized only by minor seismicity, which followed a century with three destructive earthquakes (in 1828, 1881, and 1883). These events, despite their moderate magnitude (Mw 〈 5.5), lead to dreadful effects on buildings and population. However, an integrated catalogue systematically covering historical and instrumental seismicity of Ischia has been still lacking since many years. Here, we review and systematically re-analyse all the available data on the historical and instrumental seismicity, to build an integrated earthquake catalogue for Ischia with a robust characterization of existing uncertainties. Supported by new or updated macroseismic datasets, we significantly enriched existing catalogues, as the Italian Parametric Earthquake Catalogue (CPTI15) that, with this analysis, passed from 12 to 57 earthquakes with macroseismic parametrization. We also extended back by 6 years the coverage of the instrumental catalogue, homogenizing the estimated seismic parameters. The obtained catalogue will not only represent a solid base for future local hazard quantifications, but also it provides the unique opportunity of characterizing the evolution of the Ischia seismicity over centuries. To this end, we analyse the spatial, temporal, and magnitude distributions of Ischia seismicity, revealing for example that, also in the present long-lasting period of volcanic quiescence, is significantly non-stationary and characterized by a b-value larger than 1.
    Description: This work benefited of the agreement between Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC).
    Description: Published
    Description: 629736
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 6SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Ischia island ; Volcano seismicity ; Seismic catalogue ; Completeness analysis ; Ensemble modelling ; Frequency size distribution ; Poisson process ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.02. Data dissemination ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 29
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    Azimuthal anisotropy from Eikonal Tomography: example from ambient-noise measurements in the AlpArray network (2021)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-24
    Description: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©: The Authors 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy.
    Description: Ambient-noise records from the AlpArray network are used to measure Rayleigh wave phase velocities between more than 150,000 station pairs. From these, azimuthally anisotropic phase-velocity maps are obtained by applying the Eikonal tomography method. Several synthetic tests are shown to study the bias in the Ψ2 anisotropy. There are two main groups of bias, the first one caused by interference between refracted/reflected waves and the appearance of secondary wavefronts that affect the phase travel-time measurements. This bias can be reduced if the amplitude field can be estimated correctly. Another source of error is related to the incomplete reconstruction of the travel-time field that is only sparsely sampled due to the receiver locations. Both types of bias scale with the magnitude of the velocity heterogeneities. Most affected by the spurious Ψ2 anisotropy are areas inside and at the border of low-velocity zones. In the isotropic velocity distribution, most of the bias cancels out if the azimuthal coverage is good. Despite the lack of resolution in many parts of the surveyed area, we identify a number of anisotropic structures that are robust: in the central Alps, we find a layered anisotropic structure, arc-parallel at midcrustal depths and arc-perpendicular in the lower crust. In contrast, in the eastern Alps, the pattern is more consistently E-W oriented which we relate to the eastward extrusion. The northern Alpine forleand exhibits a preferential anisotropic orientation that is similar to SKS observations in the lowermost crust and uppermost mantle.
    Description: German Science Foundation (SPP-2017, Project Ha 2403/21-1); Swiss National Science Foundation SINERGIA Project CRSII2-154434/1 (Swiss-AlpArray); Progetto Pianeta Dinamico, finanziamento MUR-INGV, Task S2 – 2021
    Description: Published
    Description: 151–170
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismic anisotropy ; Seismic interferometry ; Seismic tomography ; Wave propagation ; Continental tectonics: compressional ; 04.01. Earth Interior ; 04.06. Seismology
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  • 30
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    Joint Seismic and Gravity Data Inversion to Image Intra-Crustal Structures: The Ivrea Geophysical Body Along the Val Sesia Profile (Piedmont, Italy) (2021)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-14
    Description: We present results from a joint inversion of new seismic and recently compiled gravity data to constrain the structure of a prominent geophysical anomaly in the European Alps: the Ivrea Geophysical Body (IGB). We investigate the IGB structure along the West-East oriented Val Sesia profile at higher resolution than previous studies. We deployed 10 broadband seismic stations at 5 km spacing for 27 months, producing a new database of ∼1000 high-quality seismic receiver functions (RFs). The compiled gravity data yields 1 gravity point every 1–2 km along the profile. We set up an inversion scheme, in which RFs and gravity anomalies jointly constrain the shape and the physical properties of the IGB. We model the IGB’s top surface as a single density and shear-wave velocity discontinuity, whose geometry is defined by four, spatially variable nodes between far-field constraints. An iterative algorithm was implemented to efficiently explore the model space, directing the search toward better fitting areas. For each new candidate model, we use the velocity-model structures for both ray-tracing and observed-RFs migration, and for computation and migration of synthetic RFs: the two migrated images are then compared via cross-correlation. Similarly, forward gravity modeling for a 2D density distribution is implemented. The joint inversion performance is the product of the seismic and gravity misfits. The inversion results show the IGB protruding at shallow depths with a horizontal width of ∼30 km in the western part of the profile. Its shallowest segment reaches either 3–7 or 1–3 km depth below sea-level. The latter location fits better the outcropping lower crustal rocks at the western edge of the Ivrea-Verbano Zone. A prominent, steep eastward-deepening feature near the middle of the profile, coincident with the Pogallo Fault Zone, is interpreted as inherited crustal thickness variation. The found density and velocity contrasts of the IGB agree with physical properties of the main rock units observed in the field. Finally, by frequency-dependent analysis of RFs, we constrain the sharpness of the shallowest portion of the IGB velocity discontinuity as a vertical gradient of thickness between 0.8 km and 0.4 km.
    Description: The Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) supported this research (grant numbers PP00P2_157627 and PP00P2_187199 of project OROG3NY), as well as the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (No. 21-25710). The project CzechGeo/EPOS No. LM2015079 of the MEYS funded the MOBNET station pool.
    Description: Published
    Description: 671412
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: joint inversion ; seismic receiver functions ; gravity anomalies ; Ivrea Geophysical Body ; Ivrea-Verbano Zone ; continental crust ; intra-crustal structure ; 04.01. Earth Interior ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    What scientific information on non-structural elements seismic risk people need to know ? Part 2: tools for risk communication (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-13
    Description: The present paper describes the process of moving from a research study of most common vulnerable non-structural elements, to deliver solutions, tools and guidelines to improve understanding of and responsiveness to community concerns about seismic risk and non-structural elements. The observed damage to non-structural elements following recent earthquakes in Italy, Portugal and Iceland, were used for designing communication tools under the KnowRISK EU project for multi-stakeholders (students, business and citizens): the Practical Guide, the Students Short Guide, the KnowRISK Portfolio of Solutions, the Move, Protect and Secure video, the augmented reality apps, the maquettes, the students notebooks, videos, board games and hands-on tools. The philosophy behind these deliverables is that some risks, once identified, can be eliminated or reduced by informing people and suggesting preventive or emergency measures. These tools are devoted to improving the seismic performance of non-structural elements and to reduce the associated economic losses, loss of functionality, and potential threats to life safety. The rationale behind the selection of the information that people need to know for converting knowledge to more safety is discussed and a description of the transference of the findings of research to communication solutions is presented. The tools were planned following the engagement-model in risk communication to ensure that needs of communities and selected stakeholders were acknowledged, and that recipients are addressed in a way that appeals to them. Different media and communication channels such as print, television, online, face-to face communication and interviews were used for risk communication.
    Description: This study was co-financed by the European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (Grant agreement ECHO/SUB/2015/718655/PREV28).
    Description: Published
    Description: SE322
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismic risk ; seismic damage ; non-structural damage ; preventative measures ; risk awareness ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    The focal mechanism of the 7 September 1920, Mw 6.5 earthquake: insights into the seismotectonics of the Lunigiana–Garfagnana area, Tuscany, Italy (2021)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-15
    Description: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©: The Authors 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy.
    Description: To understand the seismotectonics and the seismic hazard of the study sector of the Northern Apennines (Italy), one of the most important earthquakes of magnitude Mw = 6.5 which struck the Lunigiana and Garfagnana areas (Tuscany) on 7 September 1920 should be studied. Given the early instrumental epoch of the event, neither geometric and kinematic information on the fault-source nor its fault-plane solution were available. Both areas were candidates for hosting the source fault and there was uncertainty between a normal fault with Apenninic direction or an anti-Apenninic strike-slip. We retrieved 11 focal parameters (including the fault-plane solution) of the 1920 earthquake. Only macroseismic intensity information (from 499 inhabited centres) through the KF-NGA inversion technique was used. This technique uses a Kinematic model of the earthquake source and speeds up the calculation by a Genetic Algorithm with Niching. The result is a pure dip-slip focal solution. The intrinsic ambiguities of the KF-NGA method (±180° on the rake angle; choice of the fault plane between the two nodal planes) were solved with field and seismotectonic evidence. The earthquake was generated by a normal fault (rake angle = 265° ± 8°) with an Apennine direction (114° ± 5°) and dipping 38° ± 6° towards SW. The likely candidate for hosting the source-fault in 1920 is the Compione-Comano fault that borders the NE edge of the Lunigiana graben. The KF-NGA algorithm proved to be invaluable for studying the kinematics of early instrumental earthquakes and allowed us to uniquely individuate, for the first time ever, the seismogenic source of the 1920 earthquake. Our findings have implications in hazard computation and seismotectonic contexts.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1465–1477
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Inverse theory ; Body waves ; Earthquake source observations ; Seismicity and tectonics ; Dynamics: seismotectonics ; Fractures, faults, and high strain deformation zones ; 04.06. Seismology
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    Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources (DISS), Version 3.3.0: A compilation of potential sources for earthquakes larger than M 5.5 in Italy and surrounding areas (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-13
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Keywords: Seismogenic Source ; Active Fault ; Active Fault System ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    A New Smoothed Seismicity Approach to Include Aftershocks and Foreshocks in Spatial Earthquake Forecasting: Application to the Global Mw ≥ 5.5 Seismicity (2021)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-26
    Description: Seismicity-based earthquake forecasting models have been primarily studied and developed over the past twenty years. These models mainly rely on seismicity catalogs as their data source and provide forecasts in time, space, and magnitude in a quantifiable manner. In this study, we presented a technique to better determine future earthquakes in space based on spatially smoothed seismicity. The improvement’s main objective is to use foreshock and aftershock events together with their mainshocks. Time-independent earthquake forecast models are often developed using declustered catalogs, where smaller-magnitude events regarding their mainshocks are removed from the catalog. Declustered catalogs are required in the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) to hold the Poisson assumption that the events are independent in time and space. However, as highlighted and presented by many recent studies, removing such events from seismic catalogs may lead to underestimating seismicity rates and, consequently, the final seismic hazard in terms of ground shaking. Our study also demonstrated that considering the complete catalog may improve future earthquakes’ spatial forecast. To do so, we adopted two different smoothed seismicity methods: (1) the fixed smoothing method, which uses spatially uniform smoothing parameters, and (2) the adaptive smoothing method, which relates an individual smoothing distance for each earthquake. The smoothed seismicity models are constructed by using the global earthquake catalog with Mw ≥ 5.5 events. We reported progress on comparing smoothed seismicity models developed by calculating and evaluating the joint log-likelihoods. Our resulting forecast shows a significant information gain concerning both fixed and adaptive smoothing model forecasts. Our findings indicate that complete catalogs are a notable feature for increasing the spatial variation skill of seismicity forecasts.
    Description: Published
    Description: 10899
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: seismic hazard ; Smoothed Seismicity Approach ; global seismic catalog ; aftershocks ; 04.06. Seismology
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    Fluid migrations and volcanic earthquakes from depolarized ambient noise (2021)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-25
    Description: Ambient noise polarizes inside fault zones, yet the spatial and temporal resolution of polarized noise on gas-bearing fluids migrating through stressed volcanic systems is unknown. Here we show that high polarization marks a transfer structure connecting the deforming centre of the caldera to open hydrothermal vents and extensional caldera-bounding faults during periods of low seismic release at Campi Flegrei caldera (Southern Italy). Fluids pressurize the Campi Flegrei hydrothermal system, migrate, and increase stress before earthquakes. The loss of polarization (depolarization) of the transfer and extensional structures maps pressurized fluids, detecting fluid migrations after seismic sequences. After recent intense seismicity (December 2019-April 2020), the transfer structure appears sealed while fluids stored in the east caldera have moved further east. Our findings show that depolarized noise has the potential to monitor fluid migrations and earthquakes at stressed volcanoes quasi-instantaneously and with minimum processing.
    Description: Published
    Description: 6656
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei ; seismic noise ; polarization ; fluid migration ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.08. Volcanology
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    Sensitivity of Tsunami Scenarios to Complex Fault Geometry and Heterogeneous Slip Distribution: Case‐Studies for SW Iberia and NW Morocco (2021)
    Wiley-AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-23
    Description: The SW Iberian margin is one of the most seismogenic and tsunamigenic areas in W-Europe, where large historical and instrumental destructive events occurred. To evaluate the sensitivity of the tsunami impact on the coast of SW Iberia and NW Morocco to the fault geometry and slip distribution for local earthquakes, we carried out a set of tsunami simulations considering some of the main known active crustal faults in the region: the Gorringe Bank (GBF), Marquês de Pombal (MPF), Horseshoe (HF), North Coral Patch (NCPF) and South Coral Patch (SCPF) thrust faults, and the Lineament South strike-slip fault. We started by considering for all of them relatively simple planar faults featuring with uniform slip distribution; we then used a more complex 3D fault geometry for the faults constrained with a large 2D multichannel seismic dataset (MPF, HF, NCPF, and SCPF); and finally, we used various heterogeneous slip distributions for the HF. Our results show that using more complex 3D fault geometries and slip distributions, the peak wave height at the coastline can double compared to simpler tsunami source scenarios from planar fault geometries. Existing tsunami hazard models in the region use homogeneous slip distributions on planar faults as initial conditions for tsunami simulations and therefore underestimate tsunami hazard. Complex 3D fault geometries and non-uniform slip distribution should be considered in future tsunami hazard updates. The tsunami simulations also support the finding that submarine canyons attenuate the wave height reaching the coastline, while submarine ridges and shallow shelves have the opposite effect.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2021JB022127
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: tsunami ; earthquake ; complex fault geometry ; heterogeneous slip distribution ; tsunami numerical modeling ; seismic and tsunami hazard ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    INSTANCE – the Italian seismic dataset for machine learning (2021)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-14
    Description: The Italian earthquake waveform data are collected here in a dataset suited for machine learning analysis (ML) applications. The dataset consists of nearly 1.2 million three-component (3C) waveform traces from about 50 000 earthquakes and more than 130 000 noise 3C waveform traces, for a total of about 43 000 h of data and an average of 21 3C traces provided per event. The earthquake list is based on the Italian Seismic Bulletin (http://terremoti.ingv.it/bsi, last access: 15 February 2020​​​​​​​) of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia between January 2005 and January 2020, and it includes events in the magnitude range between 0.0 and 6.5. The waveform data have been recorded primarily by the Italian National Seismic Network (network code IV) and include both weak- (HH, EH channels) and strong-motion (HN channels) recordings. All the waveform traces have a length of 120 s, are sampled at 100 Hz, and are provided both in counts and ground motion physical units after deconvolution of the instrument transfer functions. The waveform dataset is accompanied by metadata consisting of more than 100 parameters providing comprehensive information on the earthquake source, the recording stations, the trace features, and other derived quantities. This rich set of metadata allows the users to target the data selection for their own purposes. Much of these metadata can be used as labels in ML analysis or for other studies. The dataset, assembled in HDF5 format, is available at http://doi.org/10.13127/instance (Michelini et al., 2021).
    Description: Published
    Description: 5509–5544
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Just transition in national climate plans : an analysis of case studies from South Africa, Costa Rica and Ukraine (2021)
    Bonn : Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-24
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Equitable allocations in northern fisheries: bridging the divide for Labrador Inuit (2021)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Kourantidou, M., Hoagland, P., Dale, A., & Bailey, M. Equitable allocations in northern fisheries: bridging the divide for Labrador Inuit. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, (2021): 590213, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.590213.
    Description: Canada has undertaken commitments to recognize the rights of Indigenous Peoples in fisheries through policies and agreements, including Integrated Fishery Management Plans, the Reconciliation Strategy, and Land Claim Agreements (LCAs). In addition to recognizing rights, these commitments were intended to respect geographic adjacency principles, to enhance the economic viability of Indigenous communities, and to be reflective of community dependence on marine resources. We examined the determinants of quota allocations in commercial fisheries involving Nunatsiavut, Northern Labrador, the first self-governing region for the Inuit peoples in Canada. It has been argued that current fishery allocations for Nunatsiavut Inuit have not satisfied federal commitments to recognize Indigenous rights. Indicators that measure equity in commercial allocations for the turbot or Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) and northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) fisheries were identified and assessed. In these two cases, historical allocations continue to predominate for allocations based upon equity or other social or economic considerations. We illustrate equity-enhancing changes in the quota distribution under scenarios of different levels of inequality aversion, and we make qualitative assessments of the effects of these allocations to Nunatsiavut for socioeconomic welfare. This approach could benefit fisheries governance in Northern Labrador, where federal commitments to equity objectives continue to be endorsed but have not yet been integrated fully into quota allocations.
    Description: This research was undertaken with funding from the Canada First Research Excellence Fund through the Ocean Frontier Institute (MK and MB) and the Johnson Endowment of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution’s (WHOI) Marine Policy Center (PH).
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Allocations ; Equity ; Indigenous rights ; Access
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 40
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    Folgen der Corona-Krise und Klimaschutz : langfristige Zukunftsgestaltung im Blick behalten: wirtschaftliche Hilfen geschickt lenken und Synergiepotenziale für dringend notwendige Zukunftsinvestitionen ausschöpfen (2021)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: Autowerke stellen ihre Produktion ein, die Börse stürzt ab, überall sieht man leere Straßen und Cafés und plötzlich ist Homeoffice für einen Großteil der arbeitenden Bevölkerung in Deutschland die Empfehlung oder gar eine Vorgabe. Die Corona-Pandemie bestimmt unseren derzeitigen Alltag und trifft Deutschland, Europa und die Welt zu einer Zeit, in der es ohnehin eine Vielzahl an gewaltigen Herausforderungen zu lösen gilt. Wirtschaftliche Hilfen sind während und im Nachgang einer solchen Krise unerlässlich, primär gilt aber die Konzentration auf die Verhinderung der ungebremsten Ausbreitung der Pandemie und auf die Begrenzung der gesundheitlichen Folgen. Zur Überwindung der langfristigen wirtschaftlichen Folgen derart disruptiver Entwicklungen sind Konjunkturprogramme und strukturelle Hilfen ein probates Mittel. Sie dürfen aber nicht nach dem "Gießkannenprinzip" verteilt werden, finanzielle Unterstützung muss zukunftsgerichtet für dringend notwendige Investitionen erfolgen. Ziel muss sein, damit erforderliche nachhaltige Transformationsprozesse innerhalb unserer Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft wie den Klimaschutz voranzutreiben. Die Vorbereitungen dazu müssten jetzt schon getroffen werden, sagen Manfred Fischedick und Uwe Schneidewind. Welche Kriterien und Maßnahmen es dafür braucht, zeigt ihr vorliegendes Diskussionspapier.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Konjunkturprogramm unter der Klimaschutzlupe : viele gute Impulse, aber Nachbesserungen für nachhaltige Wirkung erforderlich?! Eine erste Bewertung des Konjunkturprogramms der Bundesregierung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Klimaschutzes (2021)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: Die Wirtschaftsleistung von Deutschland ist durch die Corona-Pandemie stark beeinträchtigt. Um die Wirtschaft zu beleben, einigten sich die Regierungsparteien am 3. Juni 2020 in ihrem Koalitionsausschuss auf ein "Konjunktur- und Krisenbewältigungspaket" sowie ein "Zukunftspaket" in Höhe von insgesamt 130 Milliarden Euro. Für 2020 und 2021 sind fast 60 Maßnahmen vorgesehen, die von steuerlichen Vergünstigungen bei der Mehrwertsteuer bis hin zu konkreten Investitionen in Zukunftstechnologien reichen. Mit Blick auf den Klimaschutz beinhaltet das Maßnahmenpaket der Großen Koalition zwar gute Ansätze und viele wichtige Impulse, die allerdings zu verpuffen drohen, wenn sie nicht durch eine konsequente und nachhaltig ausgerichtete Klimapolitik flankiert werden. Zudem fehlen für den Klimaschutz wichtige Bereiche, wie Investitionen in die Kreislaufwirtschaft. Außerdem werden Maßnahmen zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz nur unzureichend berücksichtigt. Gerade in diesen Bereichen hätten sich konjunkturbelebende Effekte und Klimaschutz in idealer Form ergänzen können, kritisiert das Wuppertal Institut. Dieses Diskussionspapier reagiert auf die vorliegenden Vorschläge und fasst zusammen, welche Maßnahmen im Rahmen der jetzt anstehenden Umsetzungsphase nachgebessert werden sollten und wo Ergänzungen notwendig sind.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Der Digitale Produktpass als Politik-Konzept : Kurzstudie im Rahmen der Umweltpolitischen Digitalagenda des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz und nukleare Sicherheit (BMU) (2021)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: Durch den "European Green Deal" und den "Circular Economy Action Plan" der Europäischen Union (EU) hat die EU-Produktpolitik 2019 und 2020 neue Impulse erhalten. In beiden Strategiepapieren der Europäischen Kommission wird ein elektronischer bzw. digitaler Produktpass als wesentliches Instrument für eine klimaschonende und ressourceneffiziente Wirtschaft genannt. Dieser soll unter anderem Informationen über Herkunft, Zusammensetzung, Reparatur- und Demontagemöglichkeiten eines Produktes sowie über die Handhabung am Ende seiner Lebensdauer liefern. Auch auf nationaler Ebene wird das Thema "digitaler Produktpass" diskutiert und insbesondere in der Umweltpolitischen Digitalagenda des Bundesumweltministeriums als zentrale Maßnahme genannt. Auch wenn das Thema derzeit stärker in den Mittelpunkt rückt, ist ein breit anwendbarer digitaler Produktpass in der Praxis bislang nicht etabliert. Erste Teilansätze bestehen, die allerdings bislang oftmals nicht durch verpflichtende Standarddatensätze oder zentrale Datenbanken institutionalisiert sind. Entsprechend sind auf politischer Ebene auch noch keine konkreten und umfassenden Konzepte vorhanden, wie ein solcher umfassender Produktpass in Zukunft ausgestaltet und implementiert werden soll. An diesem Punkt setzt diese Kurzstudie an. Sie greift hierbei auch Erfahrungen aus bestehenden Projekten und Initiativen auf, bei denen bereits Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich der (Teil-)Umsetzung von unterschiedlichen Konzepten rund um das Thema Produktpass gewonnen werden konnten. Diese Kurzstudie hat entsprechend das Ziel, den aktuellen Diskussionsstand zum Thema "digitaler Produktpass" kompakt darzustellen und Handlungsoptionen für eine mögliche Umsetzung zu skizzieren. Dabei hat sie nicht den Anspruch und die Möglichkeit ein umfassendes Konzept zu erarbeiten, sondern soll erste Ansätze und Optionen vermitteln, um weitere Diskussionen und Forschungsansätze anzuregen. Insbesondere soll die Kurzstudie Impulse für anschließende Initiativen auf nationaler und europäischer Ebene liefern.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Zeit für den Kurswechsel : hin zu einer klimagerechten ressourcenleichten Gesellschaft ; Beitrag für die politische Debatte im Wahljahr 2021 (2021)
    Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: Die kommende Bundesregierung muss aus ambitionierten Zielen eine erfolgreiche Ressourcen- und Klimapolitik machen und dabei alle Bürgerinnen und Bürger mitnehmen - so das Fazit des Zukunftsimpulses des Wuppertal Instituts zur Bundestagswahl 2021. Es zeigt, welche Maßnahmen notwendig sind, um die Transformation in eine klimafreundliche und ressourcenleichte Zukunft jetzt konsequent einzuleiten.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    CO2-neutrale Gebäude bis spätestens 2045 : ein Diskussionsbeitrag für eine ambitionierte und sozialverträgliche Politikstrategie (2021)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: Das vorliegende Papier zeigt, welche Weichen die Politik stellen muss, um den Gebäudebestand bis 2045 klimaneutral zu machen. Im Fokus stehen höhere Effizienzanforderungen für Bestands- und Neubauten, ein schnellerer Ausstieg aus Gas- und Ölheizungen, gleichzeitig aber auch höhere Anreize und bessere Unterstützung für Gebäudebesitzende sowie warmmietenneutrale Sanierungen, um Mietende vor einer Überlastung zu schützen. Dabei müssen bestehende Gebäude so renoviert werden, dass sie ähnlich wie Neubauten kaum noch Energie verbrauchen. Gleichzeitig müssen Heizenergie und Stromversorgung komplett auf erneuerbare Energien umgestellt werden. Zudem muss durch intelligentere Nutzungskonzepte der Anstieg der Gebäudeflächen gebremst werden. Die kommende Legislaturperiode ist somit entscheidend, damit Klimaneutralität im Gebäudesektor bis spätestens 2045 erreicht werden kann. Dieser Zukunftsimpuls schlägt daher ein 14 Maßnahmen umfassendes und konsistentes Politikpaket vor. Neben den oben genannten Maßnahmen des Förderns und Forderns gehören dazu insbesondere klare Vorgaben für eine bessere energetische Sanierung und ein deutliches Ziel für den Ausstieg aus fossilen Gas- und Ölheizungen, die allen Beteiligten Sicherheit geben. Individuelle Sanierungsfahrpläne für alle heute noch nicht effizienten Gebäude bis spätestens 2028 und kommunale Wärmepläne helfen den Gebäudebesitzenden bei der technischen Entwicklung ihrer Gebäude und der Investitionsplanung. Häufig sind es die nicht-monetären Hemmnisse, die maßgeblich für die geringe Sanierungsrate sind. One-Stop-Shops verringern die Hemmschwelle Maßnahmen umzusetzen. Darüber hinaus wirkt Quartiersmanagement unterstützend und hilft Kräfte zu bündeln.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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    Exnovationsprozesse als sozial-ökologische Transformation? : Eine vergleichende Analyse der Argumente von Gewerkschaften und Umweltverbänden zum Kohleausstieg in Deutschland (2021)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: Eine erfolgreiche Energiewende setzt nicht nur Innovationen voraus, sondern erfordert auch eine aktive Exnovation der fossilen Energieerzeugung. Die vorliegende Masterarbeit zielt deshalb darauf ab, Herausforderungen und Ansatzpunkte für eine Verständigung zwischen Gewerkschaften und Umweltverbänden zur der Zukunft Kohleenergie zu untersuchen. Leitend sind zwei Fragen: Erstens und empirisch: Welche Argumente vertreten Umweltverbände und Gewerkschaften hinsichtlich eines Kohleausstiegs? Zweitens und verbunden mit der gewählten theoretischen Perspektive der Sozialen Ökologie: Welche Bezogenheiten und Trennungen werden zwischen den jeweiligen Verständnissen von Natur, Gesellschaft und Ökonomie in den Argumenten der Akteure sichtbar? Dafür wurde im theoretischen Teil der Arbeit eine sozial-ökologische Perspektive auf die energetische Kohlenutzung und das sogenannte Jobs versus Environment Dilemma erarbeitet. Im empirischen Teil werden mittels einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse über 100 Veröffentlichungen verschiedener Gewerkschaften und Umweltverbände aus dem Zeitraum von Ende 2014 (erster politischer Vorstoß zur Reduzierung der Kohleverstromung) bis Anfang 2019 (Ende der Kommission "Wachstum, Strukturwandel und Beschäftigung") ausgewertet. Als Ergebnis legt die Arbeit die Argumente der Akteure vergleichend dar, zeigt auf, wie sich diese im Verlauf des Untersuchungszeitraums verändern und welche Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede, Annäherungen und Distanzierungen zwischen den einzelnen Akteuren und Akteursgruppen bestehen. Darauf aufbauend wird der Umgang der Akteure mit dem Jobs versus Environment Dilemma aus der Perspektive der Sozialen Ökologie diskutiert und verglichen. Die Erkenntnisse der Forschungsarbeit legen nahe, dass der gewerkschaftliche Ansatz von Just Transition bzw. "gerechtem" Strukturwandel mit Klima- und Umweltgerechtigkeitskonzepten verknüpft werden muss, um einen umfassenden inter- und intragenerationellen Gerechtigkeitsanspruch zu erfüllen. Damit der Kohleausstieg und weitere Exnovationsprozesse als sozial-ökologische Transformation gestaltet werden können, ist es notwendig, sowohl die aktuelle ökonomische Abhängigkeit von Arbeitenden in betroffenen Branchen zu verstehen als auch den Klimawandel nicht nur als ökologische, sondern auch als soziale und ökonomische Frage anzuerkennen.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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    Der politische und wirtschaftliche Diskurs des Kohleausstiegs in Deutschland und die Rolle von Unternehmensstruktur und -strategie hierbei : eine Discourse Network Analysis (2021)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: Angesichts des fortschreitenden Klimawandels ist eine Abkehr von der Nutzung fossiler Brennstoffe unausweichlich. Dies spiegelt sich nicht zuletzt auch in der politischen Entscheidung zum Ausstieg aus der Kohleverstromung in Deutschland wider, welche neben ökologischen Auswirkungen auch soziale und wirtschaftliche Effekte auf die Gesellschaft im Rahmen des Strukturwandels hat. Begleitet wird dieser Wandel von einer politischen und wirtschaftlichen Debatte, welche bisher in der Literatur noch nicht systematisch analysiert wurde. Folglich ist das erste Ziel der vorliegenden Masterarbeit die Analyse des politischen und wirtschaftlichen Diskurses relevanter Akteure zum deutschen Kohleausstieg. Die Analyse bezieht sich auf zwei ausgewählte Braunkohlereviere: das Rheinische und Lausitzer Revier. Das zweite Ziel der Masterthesis ist es zwei wirtschaftlich vermutlich stark vom Kohleausstieg betroffene Akteure der Region zu analysieren: Die Energieversorger RWE (Rheinisches Revier) sowie LEAG (Lausitzer Revier). Hierfür wurde untersucht, welche potenziellen Auswirkungen die Unternehmensstruktur und -strategie der Energieversorger der Reviere auf den Diskurs und folglich den Strukturwandel haben. Mittels einer Literaturrecherche wurde zunächst ein Überblick über die Entwicklung und Gründe des Kohleausstiegs in Deutschland sowie dessen Auswirkungen auf den Strukturwandel gegeben. Zudem wurden Unternehmensprofile zu RWE und LEAG mit einem Fokus auf Unternehmensstruktur sowie -strategie erstellt. Es folgte eine Analyse des politischen und wirtschaftlichen Diskurses mittels der Discourse Network Analysis, welcher als ein mixed-method Ansatz die Kombination einer qualitative Inhaltsanalyse mit einer quantitativen Netzwerkanalyse ermöglicht. Hiermit konnte zum einen analysiert werden, welche Themen Bestandteil der jeweiligen regionalen Diskurse sind und zum anderen welche inhaltlichen Positionen die Energieversorger im Diskurs einnehmen. Zudem konnte ausgewertet werden, mit welchen Akteuren die Energieversorger ähnliche sowie konkurrierende Haltungen gegenüber Diskursinhalten aufweisen. Anschließend wurden die Ergebnisse anhand der Erkenntnisse aus der Literaturrecherche zu regionalen soziökonomischen Gegebenheiten der Reviere sowie der jeweiligen Unternehmensstruktur und -strategie in Kontext gesetzt und bewertet. Ein zentrales Ergebnis dieser Arbeit ist, dass der Diskurs im Rheinisches Revier grundsätzlich optimistischer gegenüber dem Kohleausstieg sowie Strukturwandel geführt wird als im Lausitzer Revier. Ein weiteres zentrales Ergebnis ist, dass RWE im rheinischen Diskurs sehr aktiv ist, im Mittelpunkt der Diskurskoalitionen steht und eine positive Haltung gegenüber den für den Kohleausstieg relevanten Themen einnimmt. Auffällig ist hierbei die besonders hohe diskursive Schnittmenge zwischen RWE und den Grünen NRW. LEAG hingegen befindet sich im Lausitzer Diskurs in einer Braunkohle befürwortenden Koalition und verhält sich allgemein weniger proaktiv zu Themen, die den regionalen Strukturwandel fördern könnten; dem Kohleausstieg steht LEAG generell negativer gegenüber. Der kausale Zusammenhang zwischen der Unternehmensstruktur und -strategie sowie den Auswirkungen auf den jeweiligen regionalen Diskurs konnte mit der vorliegenden Methode nicht vollständig geklärt werden. Allerdings konnte mittels der Discourse Network Analysis die Rolle von RWE und LEAG im Kontext der jeweiligen Diskurse zum Kohleausstieg in Deutschland erstmals systematisch analysiert werden und schlussendlich zu einem besseren Verständnis der politischen Auseinandersetzung rund um den Kohleausstieg auf regionaler Ebene beitragen.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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    Strategies for climate neutrality : lessons from a meta-analysis of German energy scenarios (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-26
    Description: The ambition to reach climate-neutral energy systems requires profound energy transitions. Various scenario studies exist which present different options to reach that goal. In this paper, key strategies for the transition to climate neutrality in Germany are identified through a meta-analysis of published studies, including scenarios which achieve at least a 95 % greenhouse gas emissions reduction by 2050 compared to 1990. It has been found that a reduction in energy demand, an expansion of domestic wind and solar energy, increased use of biomass as well as the importation of synthetic energy carriers are key strategies in the scenarios, with nuclear energy playing no role, and carbon capture and storage playing a very limited role. Demand-side solutions that reduce the energy demand have a very high potential to diminish the significant challenges of other strategies, which are all facing certain limitations regarding their sustainable potential. The level and and type of demand reductions differ significantly within the scenarios, especially regarding the options of reducing energy service demand.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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    Experiments on the induced spawning and larval rearing of the milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal) in 1979 (2021)
    In:  aqdchief@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/18569 | 2002 | 2015-11-15 16:06:30 | 18569 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: This paper summarizes the results of the experiments on the induced breeding and larval rearing of milkfish (Chanos chanos) during the 1979 season. Milkfish larvae could be reared successfully without the use of trochophore larvae of oysters as feed during the first few days. In order to induce the ovulation of wild adult milkfish a higher dose of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone is required.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Chanos chanos ; ISEW ; Philippines ; marine environment ; Brood stocks ; Fish culture ; Fish larvae ; Food organisms ; Induced breeding ; Larval development ; Sex hormones
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
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    Knowing Asian aquaculture and fisheries. Part 1 (2021)
    In:  library@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20100 | 17342 | 2016-02-24 22:18:26 | 20100 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: An outline is given of aquaculture and fisheries in Asia, providing information of use to students whose work can influence laws, rules, policy and regulations on aquaculture and fisheries, with the view in mind to sustainable aquaculture. In this issue, the following countries are examined: China, Indonesia, and Bangladesh.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Fishery management ; Aquaculture development ; Aquaculture regulations ; Marine aquaculture ; Freshwater aquaculture ; Fishery industry ; Asia ; Bangladesh ; China
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 7-8
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    Knowing Asian aquaculture and fisheries. Part 4 (2021)
    In:  library@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20067 | 2002 | 2016-03-04 15:16:24 | 20067 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Vietnam ; Sri Lanka ; Sri Lanka ; Vietnam ; brackishwater environment ; freshwater environment ; marine environment ; Aquaculture ; Aquaculture techniques ; Brackishwater aquaculture ; Feed ; Fish culture ; Fish diseases ; Fisheries ; Fishery data ; Food organisms ; Freshwater aquaculture ; Marine aquaculture ; Marine fisheries ; Mollusc culture ; Pond culture ; Seaweed culture ; Shrimp culture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: pp.9-10, 27
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    Knowing Asian aquaculture and fisheries (2021)
    In:  library@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20055 | 2002 | 2016-03-03 11:33:32 | 20055 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Asia ; Cambodia ; India ; Asia ; Cambodia ; India ; Myanmar ; Myanmar ; brackishwater environment ; freshwater environment ; marine environment ; Aquaculture ; Aquaculture development ; Aquaculture economics ; Aquaculture techniques ; Brackishwater aquaculture ; Catching methods ; Culture effects ; Environmental impact ; Fish culture ; Fisheries ; Fishery development ; Fishery resources ; Fishery statistics ; Freshwater aquaculture ; Marine aquaculture ; Shrimp culture ; Sustainability ; Trade
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
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    Format: pp.9-10, 29
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    Regional survey of heavy metals in fish and fish products: Indonesia (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26291 | 23782 | 2019-04-08 09:42:05 | 26291 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Pollution ; Indonesia ; Heavy metals ; Chemical pollution ; Pollution monitoring
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 10-19
    Format: 10
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    Regional survey of heavy metals in fish and fish products: Myanmar (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26293 | 23782 | 2019-03-22 03:49:21 | 26293 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Myanmar ; Heavy metals ; Cadmium ; Lead ; Mercury ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Seafood
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 38-46
    Format: 9
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    Round scad exploration by purse seine in the South China Sea, Area III: Western Philippines (2021)
    Secretariat, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Bangkok, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26259 | 2002 | 2019-03-01 05:56:06 | 26259 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Secretariat
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Round scad exploration by purse seine in the waters of western Philippines was conducted from April 22 to May 7, 1998 for a period of five (5) fishing days with a total catch of 7.3 tons and an average of 1.5 tons per setting. Dominant species caught were Decapterus spp. having 70.09% of the total catch, followed by Selar spp. at 12.66% and Rastrelliger spp. 10.70%. Among the Decapterus spp. caught, D. macrosoma attained the highest total catch composition by species having 68.81% followed by D. kurroides and D.russelli with 0.31% and 1.14% respectively. The round scad fishery stock was composed mainly of juvenile fish (less than 13 cm) and Age group II (13 cm to 14 cm). Few large round scad at Age group IV and V (20 cm to 28 cm) stayed at the fishery. Other fishes caught were: Auxis rochei (0.85%), A. thazard (0.12%), Caranx spp. (0.45%), Emmilichthys nitidus (0.58%), Euthynnus affinis (0.42%), Leiognathus ruconius (0.58%), Loligo sp. (0.31%), Megalaspis cordyla (0.09%), Rastrelliger spp. (10.70%), Sardinella longiceps (0.03%), Scomberoides lysan (0.24%), Selar spp. (12.66%), Sphyraena spp. (0.90%), Thunnus albacares (0.96%) and others (1.02%). Tuna and tuna like fishes such as yellowfin tuna, eastern little tuna, bullet tuna, frigate tuna and oceanic squid are distributed in the upper latitudes of the survey area. On the other hand, round scads, big-eyed scads and Indian mackerels are dominantly present in the lower latitudes of the survey area.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Exploratory fishing ; Purse seining ; Age composition ; Catch composition ; Fishery surveys ; Carangid fisheries ; South China Sea ; Philippines ; Rastrelliger ; Decapterus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Fisheries in Brunei Darussalam (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakarn, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26215 | 17342 | 2019-02-08 06:25:54 | 26215 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Presented in this paper is the status of the fishery industry in Brunei Darussalam. Specifically, it discussed the following topics: fishery management strategies, zonation scheme, licencing, the use of poisons and explosives, the minimum cod-end mesh size for trawlers, closed areas, enhancement of fishing grounds, and the enforcement activities.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Fishery resources ; Fishery management ; Fisheries ; Ecological zonation ; Licensing ; Fish poisoning ; Catching methods ; Illegal fishing ; Explosive fishing ; Fishing gear ; Season regulations ; Fishing grounds
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: 34-40
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    Regional survey of heavy metals in fish and fish products: Thailand (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26295 | 23782 | 2019-03-22 08:39:12 | 26295 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Thailand ; Cadmium ; Lead ; Mercury ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Seafood
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 53-58
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    Regional survey of heavy metals in fish and fish products: Malaysia (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26292 | 23782 | 2019-03-22 03:43:09 | 26292 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Malaysia ; Cadmium ; Lead ; Mercury ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Seafood
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 20-37
    Format: 18
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    Tuna resource exploration with longline in the South China Sea, Area III: Western Philippines (2021)
    Secretariat, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Bangkok, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26258 | 2002 | 2019-03-01 06:00:19 | 26258 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Secretariat
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: An exploratory tuna longline fishing survey was conducted using the research and training vessels of the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, the 1,178 GT MV SEAFDEC and the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, the 165 GT MV MAYA-MAYA in the South China Sea Waters, West of the Philippines from April to May, 1998. A total of 3,796 hooks was set in sixteen (16) fishing stations. There were no tuna caught during the entire survey but only minor and irrelevant species like the Pacific lancetfish, sharks and an opah species, Lampris guttatus. The important fishing and oceanographic factors during the survey and other research results on longline are described and analyzed. Additional longline studies within and near the Philippines territorial waters are also presented to substantiate the research results of the joint SEAFDEC/BFAR resource exploratory.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Exploratory fishing ; Catch composition ; Fishery surveys ; Longlining ; Tuna fisheries ; South China Sea ; Philippines
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Regional survey of pesticide residues in fish and fish products: Malaysia (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26299 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 06:00:01 | 26299 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
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    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Malaysia ; Pesticides ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Biochemical analysis ; Lethal limits
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 71-74
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    Regional survey of pesticide residues in fish and fish products: Myanmar (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26300 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 05:58:36 | 26300 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Myanmar ; Pesticides ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Lethal limits
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 75-83
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    Regional survey of histamine in fish and fish products: Indonesia (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26307 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 03:35:56 | 26307 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Indonesia ; Histamines ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Quality control
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 116-123
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    Regional survey of pesticide residues in fish and fish products: Thailand (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26303 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 05:51:15 | 26303 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Thailand ; Pesticides ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Dried products ; Lethal limits
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 100-105
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    Regional survey of histamine in fish and fish products: Myanmar (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26309 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 03:49:31 | 26309 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Myanmar ; Histamines ; Biological sampling ; Biochemical analysis ; Fish ; Fishery products
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 129-133
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    Determination of chemical properties of meat: Determination of K value (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26826 | 23782 | 2019-11-21 00:56:12 | 26826 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure in the determination of K value which is an index to measure the enzymatic freshness of fish and squid. Specifically, reagents, apparatus and the analytical procedures needed and the calculations are presented.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: B-6.1-B-6.7
    Format: 7
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    Determination of chemical properties of meat: Freshness testing paper (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26825 | 23782 | 2019-11-21 00:52:35 | 26825 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure in measuring K value in fish meat by means of the freshness testing paper technique.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: B-7.1-B-7.2
    Format: 2
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    Determination of physical properties of meat: Measurement of pH (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26802 | 23782 | 2019-11-12 05:28:20 | 26802 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure in the measurement of pH in the fresh fish meat. Specifically, the procedures in sampling and sample preparation, apparatus and reagents required, and the analytical procedures are presented.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Microbiological analysis ; Fishery products ; Processed fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food additives ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; pH
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: A-3.1-A-3.2
    Format: 2
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    Analysis of additives: Determination of starch (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26842 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:54:48 | 26842 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Starch is commonly used in the production of fish jelly products as an extender and as binding agent. The paper provides the methodology in the determination of starch in fish jelly products. Instructions for sample preparation and the reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures in the determination of the starch in a sample are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Starch ; Additives ; Food additives
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: D-4.1-D-4.4
    Format: 4
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    Red tides and paralytic shellfish poisoning in the Philippines (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26881 | 23782 | 2019-11-05 02:46:02 | 26881 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Monitoring and investigative work undertaken in the Philippines regarding dinoflagellate blooms are described. Chronological observations of the occurrence of red tides, aerial surveys, spatial distribution of the dinoflagellate and the physical environment are discussed. Fishing and the examination of gut content of fish and mussels and bioassay tests are detailed. Incidents of paralytic shellfish poisoning in the Philippines are considered briefly.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Environmental monitoring ; Red tides ; Public health ; Medicine ; Dangerous organisms ; Philippines
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 52-79
    Format: 28
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    Red tide and paralytic shellfish poisoning phenomena in Thailand (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26885 | 23782 | 2019-11-05 02:23:34 | 26885 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: A report is made of the first incidence occurring of paralytic shellfish poisoning in Thailand in May 1983, following an extensive bloom of Trichodesmium erythraeum. Investigations undertaken regarding the source of the toxicity are outlined.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Biological poisons ; Public health ; Red tides ; Shellfish ; Dangerous organisms ; Thailand
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 90-91
    Format: 2
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    Red tide and paralytic shellfish poisoning in Sabah, Malaysia (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26879 | 23782 | 2019-11-05 02:54:38 | 26879 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: A brief account is given of recent cases of paralytic shellfish poisoning in Sabah, Malaysia, and toxicological studies undertaken. Hydrography surveys, underwater observations after the occurrence of the red tides and plankton studies and monitoring of red tides are discussed.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Shellfish ; Toxicity tests ; Red tides ; Public health ; Dangerous organisms ; Malaysia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 35-42
    Format: 8
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    Microbiological procedure: Vibrio cholera (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26852 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:36:44 | 26852 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Cholera is an acute specific infection caused by the organism, Vibrio cholera. Diagnosis may be confirmed by the presence of large numbers of the comma-shaped bacilli on direct microscopic examination of a fecal or vomitus smear, and by the isolation of the organism on culture. Fish and shellfish have been identified as vehicles of cholera. Large numbers of V. cholera must usually be ingested to cause cholera. Thus problems often occur when poor handling and inadequate refrigeration have allowed the organism to multiply. Presented in the paper is the methodology of determining the presence of Vibrio cholera in fish and fishery products.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Aerobic bacteria ; Microbiological analysis ; Microorganisms ; Pathogenic bacteria ; Pathogens ; Health and safety ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Vibrio cholerae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: E-7.1-E-7.5
    Format: 5
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    Fisheries statistics in Brunei Darussalam (2021)
    Secretariat, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Bangkok, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26890 | 23782 | 2019-11-14 01:01:29 | 26890 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Secretariat
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Fishery statistics in Brunei Darussalam have been collected by the Department of Fisheries since the 1940s. In the early 1980s, a number of statistics were collected, such as catch and effort data of artisanal fishermen, aquaculture statistics, processing statistics as well as data from major wet markets focusing on the amount, prices of marketed fish either from the local fishermen or imported. In 1984, the collection of statistics on commercial fishing was started. The statistics have been used in the formulation of fishery management and development policies as well as for sectoral development. Following a brief account of the responsibility and statistic collections of the Department of Fisheries, an examination is made of employment in the fishery sector, fisheries production, fish marketed and the GDP for the fishery industry. Fisheries in Brunei Darussalam is a very healthy industry, where production is well below the maximum allowable harvestable limit of 20,000 tons at 30%. The Department is embarking to increase production from the capture fishery to reduce the country's dependence on imported fish; the same applies for aquaculture, in order to complement production from the capture fisheries. The processing sector is also increasing in importance, especially with the increase in the number of capture fishery licenses, and the demand for quality and value-added products.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Marine fisheries ; Fishery statistics ; Aquaculture development ; Aquaculture statistics ; Fish catch statistics ; Marine aquaculture ; Freshwater aquaculture ; Fishery development ; Marine ; Brackish ; Freshwater
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 6-14
    Format: 9
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    Analysis of additives: Determination of salt (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26843 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:52:55 | 26843 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Sodium chloride is an important additive for the production of fish jelly products. It extracts the salt soluble protein to give the gel strength of the final product. The paper provides the methodology in the determination of the amount of sodium chloride in fish jelly products. Instructions for sample preparation and the reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures in the determination of the salt in a sample are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Additives ; Food additives ; Salts ; Sodium chloride
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: D-5.1-D-5.2
    Format: 2
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    Microbiological procedure: Vibrio parahaemolyticus (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26851 | 23782 | 2019-11-14 01:29:31 | 26851 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Food poisoning due to Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a food-borne infection resulting from the ingestion of a large number of this organism (about 106-109 viable cells). The major symptoms are diarrhea and abdominal pain with headache, fever, and vomiting also occurring. The organisms are excreted during the acute stage of the illness after which they decrease rapidly. The differentiation of V. parahaemolyticus from other pathogenic species of Vibrio is based mainly on salt tolerance, Voges-Proskauer reaction, fermentation of sucrose, and growth at 43°C. Presented in the paper is the methodology of determining the presence of Vibrio cholera in fish and fishery products.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Aerobic bacteria ; Microbiological analysis ; Microorganisms ; Pathogenic bacteria ; Pathogens ; Health and safety ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus ; Vibrio cholerae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: E-8.1-E-8.6
    Format: 6
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    Climate diplomacy on hold, but not climate change : an analysis of international climate policy in the year of the pandemic (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-14
    Description: 2020 was meant to be the year of climate ambition. Then the COVID-19 pandemic struck, the Glasgow conference was postponed to November 2021, and climate policy generally appeared to have been put on the backburner. But towards the end of the year prospects seemed to brighten with a series of zero-emission pledges and the election of Joe Biden as US President. This article analyses what the year of the pandemic achieved in terms of combating climate change. This article first summarizes the virtual events that were organised to substitute for the physical UNFCCC conferences and what progress was or was not made on the outstanding items of the "Paris rulebook", implementation of the Gender Action Plan, and other items. Subsequently, the article surveys the status of NDC updates and to what extent recovery programmes have been used to advance climate action. Finally, the article takes a closer look at the current dynamics among non-Party actors. In summary, while formal negotiations essentially stopped in the year of the pandemic, the conservation did not. However, implementation is still lagging far behind the ambitious targets that have been set. While implementation is mostly the domain of national policy, the international process has a number of options at its disposal to foster climate action.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
    Format: application/pdf
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