ALBERT

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Haigen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 28;346(6213):1068. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6213.1068.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Nanjing, 210042, China. xhg@nies.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25430762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McConnell, William J -- Kull, Christian A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 25;344(6182):358. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6182.358-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24763569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collen, Ben -- Nicholson, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 10;346(6206):166-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1255772. Epub 2014 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. b.collen@ucl.ac.uk. ; School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rocha, L A -- Aleixo, A -- Allen, G -- Almeda, F -- Baldwin, C C -- Barclay, M V L -- Bates, J M -- Bauer, A M -- Benzoni, F -- Berns, C M -- Berumen, M L -- Blackburn, D C -- Blum, S -- Bolanos, F -- Bowie, R C K -- Britz, R -- Brown, R M -- Cadena, C D -- Carpenter, K -- Ceriaco, L M -- Chakrabarty, P -- Chaves, G -- Choat, J H -- Clements, K D -- Collette, B B -- Collins, A -- Coyne, J -- Cracraft, J -- Daniel, T -- de Carvalho, M R -- de Queiroz, K -- Di Dario, F -- Drewes, R -- Dumbacher, J P -- Engilis, A Jr -- Erdmann, M V -- Eschmeyer, W -- Feldman, C R -- Fisher, B L -- Fjeldsa, J -- Fritsch, P W -- Fuchs, J -- Getahun, A -- Gill, A -- Gomon, M -- Gosliner, T -- Graves, G R -- Griswold, C E -- Guralnick, R -- Hartel, K -- Helgen, K M -- Ho, H -- Iskandar, D T -- Iwamoto, T -- Jaafar, Z -- James, H F -- Johnson, D -- Kavanaugh, D -- Knowlton, N -- Lacey, E -- Larson, H K -- Last, P -- Leis, J M -- Lessios, H -- Liebherr, J -- Lowman, M -- Mahler, D L -- Mamonekene, V -- Matsuura, K -- Mayer, G C -- Mays, H Jr -- McCosker, J -- McDiarmid, R W -- McGuire, J -- Miller, M J -- Mooi, R -- Mooi, R D -- Moritz, C -- Myers, P -- Nachman, M W -- Nussbaum, R A -- Foighil, D O -- Parenti, L R -- Parham, J F -- Paul, E -- Paulay, G -- Perez-Eman, J -- Perez-Matus, A -- Poe, S -- Pogonoski, J -- Rabosky, D L -- Randall, J E -- Reimer, J D -- Robertson, D R -- Rodel, M-O -- Rodrigues, M T -- Roopnarine, P -- Ruber, L -- Ryan, M J -- Sheldon, F -- Shinohara, G -- Short, A -- Simison, W B -- Smith-Vaniz, W F -- Springer, V G -- Stiassny, M -- Tello, J G -- Thompson, C W -- Trnski, T -- Tucker, P -- Valqui, T -- Vecchione, M -- Verheyen, E -- Wainwright, P C -- Wheeler, T A -- White, W T -- Will, K -- Williams, J T -- Williams, G -- Wilson, E O -- Winker, K -- Winterbottom, R -- Witt, C C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 23;344(6186):814-5. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6186.814.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. LRocha@calacademy.org. ; Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, PA, 66040-170, Brazil. ; Western Australian Museum, Perth, WA, 6986, Australia. ; California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. ; Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA. ; Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK. ; Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA. ; Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA. ; University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy. ; Utica College, Utica, NY 13502, USA. ; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia. ; Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica. ; University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3161, USA. ; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA. ; Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, 4976, Colombia. ; Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA. ; Museu Nacional de Historia Natural e da Ciencia, Lisbon, 7005-638, Portugal. ; Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. ; James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia. ; University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. ; NOAA Systematics Laboratory, Washington, DC 20013, USA. ; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA. ; Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil. ; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macae, RJ, 27965-045, Brazil. ; University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ; Conservation International, Denpasar, Bali, 80235, Indonesia. ; University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0314, USA. ; Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark. ; Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 75005, France. ; Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, 1176, Ethiopia. ; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. ; Museum Victoria, Melbourne, 3001, VIC, Australia. ; University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA. ; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA. National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore. ; Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, 0820, NT, Australia. ; CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric Research, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia. ; Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia. ; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, 0843-03092, Panama. ; Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. ; Universite Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, B.P. 69, Republic of Congo. ; National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, 305-0005, Japan. ; University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, WI 53141-2000, USA. ; Cincinnati Museum Center, Cincinnati, OH 45203, USA. ; The Manitoba Museum, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 0N2, Canada. ; Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia. ; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, USA. ; California State University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA. ; The Ornithological Council, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. ; University of Florida, Gainesville, fl32611, USA. ; Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, 1041, Venezuela. ; Pontif cia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 6513677, Chile. ; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA. ; Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA. ; University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, 903-0213, Japan. ; Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin, 10115, Germany. ; Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern, Bern, CH-3005, Switzerland. ; American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA. Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201-8423, USA. ; Auckland Museum, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. ; Centro de Ornitologia y Biodiversidad, Lima, 33, Peru. ; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, 1000, Belgium. ; McGill University, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada. ; University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA. ; Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, M5S 2C6, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24855245" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buckley, Ralf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 25;344(6182):358. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6182.358-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24763570" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewis, Dyani -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 5;345(6201):1109-10. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6201.1109.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25190772" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davies, William -- England -- Nature. 2014 Aug 21;512(7514):260-1. doi: 10.1038/512260a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for the Archaeology of Human Origins, Faculty of Humanities, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BF, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25143108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Minteer, Ben -- England -- Nature. 2014 May 15;509(7500):261. doi: 10.1038/509261a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Arizona State University in Tempe.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24828156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Throughout the animal kingdom, adaptive colouration serves critical functions ranging from inconspicuous camouflage to ostentatious sexual display, and can provide important information about the environment and biology of a particular organism. The most ubiquitous and abundant pigment, melanin, also has a diverse range of non-visual roles, including thermoregulation in ectotherms. However, little is known about the functional evolution of this important biochrome through deep time, owing to our limited ability to unambiguously identify traces of it in the fossil record. Here we present direct chemical evidence of pigmentation in fossilized skin, from three distantly related marine reptiles: a leatherback turtle, a mosasaur and an ichthyosaur. We demonstrate that dark traces of soft tissue in these fossils are dominated by molecularly preserved eumelanin, in intimate association with fossilized melanosomes. In addition, we suggest that contrary to the countershading of many pelagic animals, at least some ichthyosaurs were uniformly dark-coloured in life. Our analyses expand current knowledge of pigmentation in fossil integument beyond that of feathers, allowing for the reconstruction of colour over much greater ranges of extinct taxa and anatomy. In turn, our results provide evidence of convergent melanism in three disparate lineages of secondarily aquatic tetrapods. Based on extant marine analogues, we propose that the benefits of thermoregulation and/or crypsis are likely to have contributed to this melanisation, with the former having implications for the ability of each group to exploit cold environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lindgren, Johan -- Sjovall, Peter -- Carney, Ryan M -- Uvdal, Per -- Gren, Johan A -- Dyke, Gareth -- Schultz, Bo Pagh -- Shawkey, Matthew D -- Barnes, Kenneth R -- Polcyn, Michael J -- England -- Nature. 2014 Feb 27;506(7489):484-8. doi: 10.1038/nature12899. Epub 2014 Jan 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden. ; SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, SE-501 15 Boras, Sweden. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA. ; 1] MAX-IV laboratory, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden [2] Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden. ; 1] Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK [2] Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK. ; MUSERUM, Natural History Division, Havnevej 14, 7800 Skive, Denmark. ; Integrated Bioscience Program, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA. ; Mosasaur Ranch Museum, Lajitas, Texas 79852, USA. ; Roy M. Huffington Department of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24402224" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The timing of Neanderthal disappearance and the extent to which they overlapped with the earliest incoming anatomically modern humans (AMHs) in Eurasia are key questions in palaeoanthropology. Determining the spatiotemporal relationship between the two populations is crucial if we are to understand the processes, timing and reasons leading to the disappearance of Neanderthals and the likelihood of cultural and genetic exchange. Serious technical challenges, however, have hindered reliable dating of the period, as the radiocarbon method reaches its limit at approximately 50,000 years ago. Here we apply improved accelerator mass spectrometry (14)C techniques to construct robust chronologies from 40 key Mousterian and Neanderthal archaeological sites, ranging from Russia to Spain. Bayesian age modelling was used to generate probability distribution functions to determine the latest appearance date. We show that the Mousterian ended by 41,030-39,260 calibrated years bp (at 95.4% probability) across Europe. We also demonstrate that succeeding 'transitional' archaeological industries, one of which has been linked with Neanderthals (Chatelperronian), end at a similar time. Our data indicate that the disappearance of Neanderthals occurred at different times in different regions. Comparing the data with results obtained from the earliest dated AMH sites in Europe, associated with the Uluzzian technocomplex, allows us to quantify the temporal overlap between the two human groups. The results reveal a significant overlap of 2,600-5,400 years (at 95.4% probability). This has important implications for models seeking to explain the cultural, technological and biological elements involved in the replacement of Neanderthals by AMHs. A mosaic of populations in Europe during the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition suggests that there was ample time for the transmission of cultural and symbolic behaviours, as well as possible genetic exchanges, between the two groups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Higham, Tom -- Douka, Katerina -- Wood, Rachel -- Ramsey, Christopher Bronk -- Brock, Fiona -- Basell, Laura -- Camps, Marta -- Arrizabalaga, Alvaro -- Baena, Javier -- Barroso-Ruiz, Cecillio -- Bergman, Christopher -- Boitard, Coralie -- Boscato, Paolo -- Caparros, Miguel -- Conard, Nicholas J -- Draily, Christelle -- Froment, Alain -- Galvan, Bertila -- Gambassini, Paolo -- Garcia-Moreno, Alejandro -- Grimaldi, Stefano -- Haesaerts, Paul -- Holt, Brigitte -- Iriarte-Chiapusso, Maria-Jose -- Jelinek, Arthur -- Jorda Pardo, Jesus F -- Maillo-Fernandez, Jose-Manuel -- Marom, Anat -- Maroto, Julia -- Menendez, Mario -- Metz, Laure -- Morin, Eugene -- Moroni, Adriana -- Negrino, Fabio -- Panagopoulou, Eleni -- Peresani, Marco -- Pirson, Stephane -- de la Rasilla, Marco -- Riel-Salvatore, Julien -- Ronchitelli, Annamaria -- Santamaria, David -- Semal, Patrick -- Slimak, Ludovic -- Soler, Joaquim -- Soler, Narcis -- Villaluenga, Aritza -- Pinhasi, Ron -- Jacobi, Roger -- England -- Nature. 2014 Aug 21;512(7514):306-9. doi: 10.1038/nature13621.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology &the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK. ; 1] Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology &the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK [2] Research School for Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia. ; School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology (GAP), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK. ; School of Languages, Literatures and Cultures, College Park, 4102 Jimenez Hall, University of Maryland, Maryland 20742-4821, USA. ; Research Team on Prehistory (IT-622-13), IKERBASQUE, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Tomas y Valiente Street, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. ; Departimento Prehistoria y Arqueologia, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. ; Fundacion Instituto de Investigacion de Prehistoria y Evolucion Humana, Plaza del Coso 1, 14900 Lucena, Cordoba, Spain. ; URS, 525 Vine Street, Suite 1800, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, USA. ; 8 rue des Sapins, 67100 Strasbourg, France. ; Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente, U.R. Preistoria e Antropologia, Universita degli Studi di Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy. ; Departement de Prehistoire, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75013 Paris, France. ; 1] Abt. Altere Urgeschichte und Quartarokologie, Universitat Tubingen, Schloss Hohentubingen, 72070 Tubingen, Germany [2] Tubingen Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoecology, Schloss Hohentubingen, 72070 Tubingen, Germany. ; Service public de Wallonie, DGO4, Service de l'Archeologie, rue des Martyrs, 22, B-6700 Arlon, Belgium. ; Laboratoire d'Eco-antropologie et Ethnobiologie, Musee de l'Homme, 17 place du Trocadero, 75116 Paris, France. ; Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueologia, Antropologia e Historia Antigua, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Guajara, 38071 Tenerife, Spain. ; 1] Monrepos Archaeological Research Centre and Museum for Human Behavioural Evolution, Schloss Monrepos, D-56567 Neuwied, Germany [2] The Cantabria International Institute for Prehistoric Research (IIIPC), University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, s/n. 39005 Santander, Spain. ; Laboratorio di Preistoria 'B. Bagolini', Dipartimento di Lettere e Filosofia, Universita degli Studi di Trento, via Tommaso Gar, 14 I-38122 Trento, Italy. ; Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. ; Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, 103 Machmer Hall, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA. ; School of Anthropology, Emil W. Haury Building, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0030, USA. ; Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueologia, UNED. Paseo Senda del Rey 7, 20840, Madrid, Spain. ; 1] Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology &the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK [2] The Kimmel Center for Archaeological Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. ; rea de Prehistoria, Universitat de Girona, pl. Ferrater Mora 1, 17071 Girona, Spain. ; CNRS, UMR 5608, TRACES, Toulouse Jean Jaures University, Maison de la Recherche, 5 Allees Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse, Cedex 9, France. ; Department of Anthropology, Trent University, Life and Health Sciences Building Block C, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada. ; Dipartimento di Antichita, Filosofia e Storia, Universita di Genova, Via Balbi 2, Genova I-16126, Italy. ; Ephoreia of Paleoanthropology of Southern Greece, Ardittou 34B, Athens 11636, Greece. ; Universita di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. ; Service public de Wallonie, DGO4, Direction de l'Archeologie, rue des Brigades d'Irlande, 1, B-5100 Jambes, Belgium. ; Departamento de Historia, Universidad de Oviedo, c/Teniente Alfonso Martinez, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain. ; Departement d'Anthropologie, Universite de Montreal, C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1N8, Canada. ; Service of Scientific Heritage, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. ; Monrepos Archaeological Research Centre and Museum for Human Behavioural Evolution, Schloss Monrepos, D-56567 Neuwied, Germany. ; UCD Earth Institute and School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. ; 1] Department of Prehistory and Europe, Franks House, The British Museum, London N1 5QJ, UK [2] The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK [3].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25143113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monastersky, Richard -- England -- Nature. 2014 Dec 11;516(7530):158-61. doi: 10.1038/516158a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25503217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2014 Oct 23;514(7523):404. doi: 10.1038/514404a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25341753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cressey, Daniel -- England -- Nature. 2014 Apr 10;508(7495):163. doi: 10.1038/508163a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24717492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Christianini, Alexander V -- Oliveira, Paulo S -- Bruna, Emilio M -- Vasconcelos, Heraldo L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 5;345(6201):1129. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6201.1129-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departamento de Ciencias Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sorocaba SP, 18052-780, Brazil. avchrist@ufscar.br. ; Departmento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6109, Campinas SP, 13083-970, Brazil. ; Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0430, USA. Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-5530, USA. ; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, Uberlandia MG, 38400-902, Brazil.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25190784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):396-9. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6195.396.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061200" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1281-3. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6215.1281.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krell, Frank-T -- Wheeler, Quentin D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 23;344(6186):815-6. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6186.815.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, CO 80205, USA. frank.krell@dmns.org. ; College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24855246" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Qiu, Jane -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 10;343(6167):130-2. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6167.130.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24408412" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blockstein, David E -- Temple, Stanley A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 5;345(6201):1129. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6201.1129-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Council for Science and the Environment, Washington, DC 20036, USA. david@NCSEonline.org. ; Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Aldo Leopold Foundation, Baraboo, WI 53913, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25190785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Recent studies clarify where the most vulnerable species live, where and how humanity changes the planet, and how this drives extinctions. We assess key statistics about species, their distribution, and their status. Most are undescribed. Those we know best have large geographical ranges and are often common within them. Most known species have small ranges. The numbers of small-ranged species are increasing quickly, even in well-known taxa. They are geographically concentrated and are disproportionately likely to be threatened or already extinct. Current rates of extinction are about 1000 times the likely background rate of extinction. Future rates depend on many factors and are poised to increase. Although there has been rapid progress in developing protected areas, such efforts are not ecologically representative, nor do they optimally protect biodiversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pimm, S L -- Jenkins, C N -- Abell, R -- Brooks, T M -- Gittleman, J L -- Joppa, L N -- Raven, P H -- Roberts, C M -- Sexton, J O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 30;344(6187):1246752. doi: 10.1126/science.1246752.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708, USA. stuartpimm@me.com. ; Instituto de Pesquisas Ecologicas, Rodovia Dom Pedro I, km 47, Caixa Postal 47, Nazare Paulista SP, 12960-000, Brazil. ; Post Office Box 402 Haverford, PA 19041, USA. ; International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, 28 Rue Mauverney, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. ; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. ; Microsoft Research, 21 Station Road, Cambridge, CB1 2FB, UK. ; Missouri Botanical Garden, Post Office Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA. ; Environment Department, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK. ; Global Land Cover Facility, Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24876501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 11;344(6180):137-8. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6180.137.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24723587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tewksbury, Joshua J -- Rogers, Haldre S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):400. doi: 10.1126/science.1258601.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Joshua J. Tewksbury is director of the Luc Hoffmann Institute at the World Wide Fund for Nature, Gland, Switzerland. jewksbury@wwfint.org. ; Haldre S. Rogers is a faculty fellow in the Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061201" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: We live amid a global wave of anthropogenically driven biodiversity loss: species and population extirpations and, critically, declines in local species abundance. Particularly, human impacts on animal biodiversity are an under-recognized form of global environmental change. Among terrestrial vertebrates, 322 species have become extinct since 1500, and populations of the remaining species show 25% average decline in abundance. Invertebrate patterns are equally dire: 67% of monitored populations show 45% mean abundance decline. Such animal declines will cascade onto ecosystem functioning and human well-being. Much remains unknown about this "Anthropocene defaunation"; these knowledge gaps hinder our capacity to predict and limit defaunation impacts. Clearly, however, defaunation is both a pervasive component of the planet's sixth mass extinction and also a major driver of global ecological change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dirzo, Rodolfo -- Young, Hillary S -- Galetti, Mauro -- Ceballos, Gerardo -- Isaac, Nick J B -- Collen, Ben -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):401-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1251817.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. rdirzo@stanford.edu. ; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. ; Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil. ; Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, AP 70-275, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico. ; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK. ; Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Minteer, Ben A -- Collins, James P -- Love, Karen E -- Puschendorf, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 18;344(6181):260-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1250953.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Minteer, Ben A -- Collins, James P -- Puschendorf, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 23;344(6186):816. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6186.816-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ben.minteer@asu.edu. ; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24855247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boyer, Stephane -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 14;346(6211):821. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6211.821-a. Epub 2014 Nov 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand. stephane.boyer@lincoln.ac.nz.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25395529" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ricciardi, Anthony -- Simberloff, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 22;345(6199):884. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6199.884-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2K6, Canada. tony.ricciardi@mcgill.ca. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25146277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Large carnivores face serious threats and are experiencing massive declines in their populations and geographic ranges around the world. We highlight how these threats have affected the conservation status and ecological functioning of the 31 largest mammalian carnivores on Earth. Consistent with theory, empirical studies increasingly show that large carnivores have substantial effects on the structure and function of diverse ecosystems. Significant cascading trophic interactions, mediated by their prey or sympatric mesopredators, arise when some of these carnivores are extirpated from or repatriated to ecosystems. Unexpected effects of trophic cascades on various taxa and processes include changes to bird, mammal, invertebrate, and herpetofauna abundance or richness; subsidies to scavengers; altered disease dynamics; carbon sequestration; modified stream morphology; and crop damage. Promoting tolerance and coexistence with large carnivores is a crucial societal challenge that will ultimately determine the fate of Earth's largest carnivores and all that depends upon them, including humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ripple, William J -- Estes, James A -- Beschta, Robert L -- Wilmers, Christopher C -- Ritchie, Euan G -- Hebblewhite, Mark -- Berger, Joel -- Elmhagen, Bodil -- Letnic, Mike -- Nelson, Michael P -- Schmitz, Oswald J -- Smith, Douglas W -- Wallach, Arian D -- Wirsing, Aaron J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 10;343(6167):1241484. doi: 10.1126/science.1241484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Trophic Cascades Program, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24408439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Briggs, John C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 14;346(6211):820. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6211.820.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA. clingfishes@yahoo.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25395528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: In 2010, the international community, under the auspices of the Convention on Biological Diversity, agreed on 20 biodiversity-related "Aichi Targets" to be achieved within a decade. We provide a comprehensive mid-term assessment of progress toward these global targets using 55 indicator data sets. We projected indicator trends to 2020 using an adaptive statistical framework that incorporated the specific properties of individual time series. On current trajectories, results suggest that despite accelerating policy and management responses to the biodiversity crisis, the impacts of these efforts are unlikely to be reflected in improved trends in the state of biodiversity by 2020. We highlight areas of societal endeavor requiring additional efforts to achieve the Aichi Targets, and provide a baseline against which to assess future progress.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tittensor, Derek P -- Walpole, Matt -- Hill, Samantha L L -- Boyce, Daniel G -- Britten, Gregory L -- Burgess, Neil D -- Butchart, Stuart H M -- Leadley, Paul W -- Regan, Eugenie C -- Alkemade, Rob -- Baumung, Roswitha -- Bellard, Celine -- Bouwman, Lex -- Bowles-Newark, Nadine J -- Chenery, Anna M -- Cheung, William W L -- Christensen, Villy -- Cooper, H David -- Crowther, Annabel R -- Dixon, Matthew J R -- Galli, Alessandro -- Gaveau, Valerie -- Gregory, Richard D -- Gutierrez, Nicolas L -- Hirsch, Tim L -- Hoft, Robert -- Januchowski-Hartley, Stephanie R -- Karmann, Marion -- Krug, Cornelia B -- Leverington, Fiona J -- Loh, Jonathan -- Lojenga, Rik Kutsch -- Malsch, Kelly -- Marques, Alexandra -- Morgan, David H W -- Mumby, Peter J -- Newbold, Tim -- Noonan-Mooney, Kieran -- Pagad, Shyama N -- Parks, Bradley C -- Pereira, Henrique M -- Robertson, Tim -- Rondinini, Carlo -- Santini, Luca -- Scharlemann, Jorn P W -- Schindler, Stefan -- Sumaila, U Rashid -- Teh, Louise S L -- van Kolck, Jennifer -- Visconti, Piero -- Ye, Yimin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 10;346(6206):241-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1257484. Epub 2014 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. derek.tittensor@unep-wcmc.org. ; United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. ; Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Ocean Sciences Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Post Office Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. ; Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. ; United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark. ; BirdLife International, Wellbrook Court, Cambridge CB3 0NA, UK. ; ESE Laboratory, Universite Paris-Sud, UMR 8079, CNRS-Universite Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France. ; PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Post Office Box 303, 3720 AH, Bilthoven, Netherlands. ; Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy. ; PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Post Office Box 303, 3720 AH, Bilthoven, Netherlands. Department of Earth Sciences-Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Post Office Box 80021, 3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. ; Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. ; Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 413, Saint Jacques Street, Suite 800, Montreal, QC H2Y 1N9, Canada. ; Global Footprint Network, 7-9 Chemin de Balexert, 1219 Geneva, Switzerland. ; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2 rue Andre-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France. ; RSPB Centre for Conservation Science The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK. ; Marine Stewardship Council, 1-3 Snow Hill, London EC1A 2DH, UK. ; The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Secretariat Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 680 North Park Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA. ; Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) International, Charles-de-Gaulle Strasse 5, 53113 Bonn, Germany. ; ESE Laboratory, Universite Paris-Sud, UMR 8079, CNRS-Universite Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France. DIVERSITAS, 57 rue Cuvier-CP 41, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. ; University of Queensland, Diamantina National Park via Winton, QLD 4735, Australia. ; Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK. ; Union for Ethical BioTrade, De Ruyterkade 6, 1013 AA, Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany. ; Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species Secretariat, Maison internationale de l'environnement, 11-13 Chemin des Anemones, 1219 Chatelaine, Geneva, Switzerland. ; Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia Brisbane, Qld 4072 Australia. ; The International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission (IUCN SSC) Invasive Species Specialist Group, University of Auckland, Tamaki Campus, Auckland, New Zealand. ; AidData, The College of William and Mary, Post Office Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA. ; Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza-Universita di Roma, Viale dell' Universita 32, 00185 Rome, Italy. ; United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK. ; Environment Agency Austria, Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Spittelauer Lande 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria. University of Vienna, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria. ; Microsoft Research, Computational Science Laboratory, 21 Station Road, Cambridge, CB1 2FB, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Richard G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 10;343(6167):142-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1248646.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24408422" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vignieri, Sacha -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):392-5. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6195.392.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉This special issue has been edited by Sacha Vignieri, Andrew M. Sugden, and Elizabeth Pennisi.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061199" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Yuning -- Weng, Qiang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 22;345(6199):884. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6199.884-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China. ; College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China. qiangweng@bjfu.edu.cn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25146276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwitzer, Christoph -- Chikhi, Lounes -- Donati, Giuseppe -- Irwin, Mitchell -- Johnson, Steig E -- Mittermeier, Russell A -- Peacock, Heather -- Ratsimbazafy, Jonah -- Razafindramanana, Josia -- Louis, Edward E Jr -- Colquhoun, Ian C -- Tinsman, Jen -- Dolch, Rainer -- Lafleur, Marni -- Nash, Stephen -- Patel, Erik -- Randrianambinina, Blanchard -- Rasolofoharivelo, Tovonanahary -- Wright, Patricia C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 25;344(6182):358-60. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6182.358-c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bristol Zoological Society, c/o Bristol Zoo Gardens, Clifton, Bristol BS8 3HA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24763571" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The rate of biodiversity loss is not slowing despite global commitments, and the depletion of animal species can reduce the stability of ecological communities. Despite this continued loss, some substantial progress in reversing defaunation is being achieved through the intentional movement of animals to restore populations. We review the full spectrum of conservation translocations, from reinforcement and reintroduction to controversial conservation introductions that seek to restore populations outside their indigenous range or to introduce ecological replacements for extinct forms. We place the popular, but misunderstood, concept of rewilding within this framework and consider the future role of new technical developments such as de-extinction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seddon, Philip J -- Griffiths, Christine J -- Soorae, Pritpal S -- Armstrong, Doug P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):406-12. doi: 10.1126/science.1251818.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Post Office Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. philip.seddon@otago.ac.nz. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK. ; Environment Agency, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. ; Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061203" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwitzer, C -- Mittermeier, R A -- Johnson, S E -- Donati, G -- Irwin, M -- Peacock, H -- Ratsimbazafy, J -- Razafindramanana, J -- Louis, E E Jr -- Chikhi, L -- Colquhoun, I C -- Tinsman, J -- Dolch, R -- LaFleur, M -- Nash, S -- Patel, E -- Randrianambinina, B -- Rasolofoharivelo, T -- Wright, P C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 21;343(6173):842-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1245783.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bristol Zoological Society, Bristol BS8 3HA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24558147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chapron, Guillaume -- Lopez-Bao, Jose Vicente -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 14;343(6176):1199-200. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6176.1199-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Grimso Wildlife Research Station, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-73091 Riddarhyttan, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24626913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Habitat conversion is the primary driver of biodiversity loss, yet little is known about how it is restructuring the tree of life by favoring some lineages over others. We combined a complete avian phylogeny with 12 years of Costa Rican bird surveys (118,127 detections across 487 species) sampled in three land uses: forest reserves, diversified agricultural systems, and intensive monocultures. Diversified agricultural systems supported 600 million more years of evolutionary history than intensive monocultures but 300 million fewer years than forests. Compared with species with many extant relatives, evolutionarily distinct species were extirpated at higher rates in both diversified and intensive agricultural systems. Forests are therefore essential for maintaining diversity across the tree of life, but diversified agricultural systems may help buffer against extreme loss of phylogenetic diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frishkoff, Luke O -- Karp, Daniel S -- M'Gonigle, Leithen K -- Mendenhall, Chase D -- Zook, Jim -- Kremen, Claire -- Hadly, Elizabeth A -- Daily, Gretchen C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 12;345(6202):1343-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1254610.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. frishkol@stanford.edu dkarp@berkeley.edu. ; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Nature Conservancy, Berkeley, CA 94705, USA. frishkol@stanford.edu dkarp@berkeley.edu. ; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Union de Ornitologos de Costa Rica, Apartado 182-4200, Naranjo de Alajuela, Costa Rica. ; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm Resilience Center, University of Stockholm, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25214627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Pollinators are fundamental to maintaining both biodiversity and agricultural productivity, but habitat destruction, loss of flower resources, and increased use of pesticides are causing declines in their abundance and diversity. Using historical records, we assessed the rate of extinction of bee and flower-visiting wasp species in Britain from the mid-19th century to the present. The most rapid phase of extinction appears to be related to changes in agricultural policy and practice beginning in the 1920s, before the agricultural intensification prompted by the Second World War, often cited as the most important driver of biodiversity loss in Britain. Slowing of the extinction rate from the 1960s onward may be due to prior loss of the most sensitive species and/or effective conservation programs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ollerton, Jeff -- Erenler, Hilary -- Edwards, Mike -- Crockett, Robin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1360-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1257259.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, School of Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Avenue Campus, Northampton NN2 6JD, UK. jeff.ollerton@northampton.ac.uk. ; Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, School of Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Avenue Campus, Northampton NN2 6JD, UK. ; Lea-Side, Carron Lane, Midhurst GU29 9LB, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504719" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Machovina, Brian -- Feeley, Kenneth J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 21;343(6173):838. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6173.838-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24558143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alexander, Kathleen A -- Sanderson, Claire E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 14;343(6176):1199. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6176.1199-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA and CARACAL, Centre for Conservation of African Resources: Animals, Communities, and Land Use, Kasane, Botswana.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24626912" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wells, Jeffrey V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 14;346(6211):821. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6211.821-b. Epub 2014 Nov 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International Boreal Conservation Campaign, Seattle, WA 98101, USA. jeffwells@intlboreal.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25395530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The Chicxulub asteroid impact (Mexico) and the eruption of the massive Deccan volcanic province (India) are two proposed causes of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, which includes the demise of nonavian dinosaurs. Despite widespread acceptance of the impact hypothesis, the lack of a high-resolution eruption timeline for the Deccan basalts has prevented full assessment of their relationship to the mass extinction. Here we apply uranium-lead (U-Pb) zircon geochronology to Deccan rocks and show that the main phase of eruptions initiated ~250,000 years before the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary and that 〉1.1 million cubic kilometers of basalt erupted in ~750,000 years. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the Deccan Traps contributed to the latest Cretaceous environmental change and biologic turnover that culminated in the marine and terrestrial mass extinctions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schoene, Blair -- Samperton, Kyle M -- Eddy, Michael P -- Keller, Gerta -- Adatte, Thierry -- Bowring, Samuel A -- Khadri, Syed F R -- Gertsch, Brian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 9;347(6218):182-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa0118. Epub 2014 Dec 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. bschoene@princeton.edu. ; Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. ; Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTE), Universite de Lausanne, GEOPOLIS, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. ; Department of Geology, Amravati University, Amravati, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25502315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉