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  • Articles  (221)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • MDPI Publishing
  • 2000-2004  (221)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1965-1969
  • 2001  (221)
  • Economics  (137)
  • Medicine  (84)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial: Healthcare reform (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00316
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transforming the NHS: what chance for the new government? (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper reviews Labour's record on the NHS since the 1997 general election. The record shows increased financial investment especially since 2002, coupled with a marked centralisation of strategy and management which is proving counter-productive to further modernisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00317
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NHS malaise: diagnosis and treatment options (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper questions whether the recent reform package of the NHS will solve its ongoing problems, or whether a more fundamental reappraisal of the system is required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00318
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical negligence in the UK: throwing the baby out with the bath water? (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: As the total cost of clinical negligence claims has grown in the UK in recent years, calls for reform have resurfaced. The government now plans a White Paper on the subject next years. This paper assesses some of the economic arguments surrounding such reform. It suggests that the principle of negligence performs a useful economic function, that there is sum uncertainty surrounding the precise costs of the UK's clinical negligence, and that costs of alternative systems may sometimes be larger than they first appear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00320
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current trends and future directions for the Canadian healthcare system (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper outlines the structure of healthcare in Canada and describes trends in health expenditures. Particular attention is paid to trends in Canada's most populous province, Ontario. Three temporal episodes of health expenditure growth in Ontario are identified: 1980–91, a period of rapid growth; 1991–98, a period of restraint; and 1998-present, a period of expenditure resurgence. Health policy initiatives designed to enhance the efficient, effective and equitable access to healthcare services are briefly reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00321
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ‘Don't try this at home’: health policy lessons for the NHS from the United States (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The US healthcare system is fragmented, chaotic and wasteful, and prevailing American social values and attitudes to health and healthcare are profoundly different from those found in the United Kingdom. Even so, there are many useful ideas and important lessons to be drawn from the US experience. The transfer of policy ideas and innovations needs, however, to take account of the differences in culture and context.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00322
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arthur Seldon's Honorary Fellowship at the LSE (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00323
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The elusive NHS consumer: 1948 to the NHS Plan (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Since the creation of the National Health Service in 1948, patients have never been fully-fledged consumers of healthcare; they have never held personal economic power with which to express their needs and preferences to service providers. Nonetheless, the history of the NHS has demonstrated an ever-increasing policy interest in the needs of individual patients and in the responsiveness of services to these needs. Following the collapse of the postwar consensus which gave birth to the welfare state, successive governments have pledged to give priority to consumer needs, but have struggled to realise this priority in practice.Professional and state paternalism in defining patient needs and choices have endured. current policy emphasis on ‘patient and public involvement’ and ‘partnership working’ sustains a top-down bureaucratic approach but tempers practice with input from all stakeholders in local health economies. There is much to do to make the culture of the NHS genuinely responsive to consumer needs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00319
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What can we learn from Switzerland? (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The collapse of Swissair will be a good litmus test for what is advanced here. Although it is too soon to tell at the time of writing (October 2001) it would be extremely uncharacteristic for the company to be rescued with public funds, despite its hugely symbolic nature as an erstwhile source of national pride.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00324
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Popper and classical liberalism (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Popper was not part of the revival of classical liberalism, but many of his ideas have implications for classical liberals. His arguments about the significance of markets as learning mechanisms, about the character of knowledge, about the evaluation of theories in the ‘public sphere’ and his critique of ‘justificationism’ are of particular importance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00325
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UK pension policy: world leader turning laggard? (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Too much is made of the ‘problem’ of an ageing population. The real problem in pensions provision is state pay-as-you-go. Private assets of secure title are the best route to financial independence in retirement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00326
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In the City (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00328
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Education (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00329
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technology (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00330
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Environment (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00331
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rhetoric and reality: employer responses to the national minimum wage (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The national minimum wage (NMW) was introduced to Britain in April 1999 amid much speculation. This paper considers the political reasons for introducing the NMW and the economic effects of doing so. It also addresses the issue of the additional costs created by the NMW and the strategies adopted by employers to defray them. The paper provides evidence from the hotel sector that suggests some wage gains but no significant disemployment effects. The value of conventional labour market models as predictive tools is questioned.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00327
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    Fallacies (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00332
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  • 18
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    Books (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:Just Capital: The Liberal Economy, Adair TurnerA Liberating Economic Journey: Post-Communist Transition. Essays in Honour of Ljubo Sirc, Andrzej Brzeski1 and Jan Winiecki (eds.)The Bow Group, A History, James BarrRethinking Economic Behaviour: How the Economy Really Works, David SimpsonInjecting Incentives into the Solution of Social and Environmental Problems, Ronnie HoreshInflation Targeting: Lessons from the International Experience, Ben S. Bernanke et al.Mail @ the Millennium. Will the Postal Service Go Private? Edward L. Hudgins (ed.)Risky Behavior Among Youths: An Economic Analysis, Jonathon Gruber (ed.)Calculation and Coordination: Essays on Socialism and Transitional Political Economy, Peter J. Boettke
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00333
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  • 19
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    Editorial: Controlling regulation (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00285
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  • 20
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    The operating costs of taxation: a review of the research (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper considers key aspects of the literature on the operating costs of taxation, identifying the factors that have led to its development and evaluating its impact on policy responses to compliance and administrative costs issues. It starts by identifying the key components of the operating costs of the taxation system. The paper then identifies the main research trends over the past 60 years or so around the world, placing current concerns about taxation compliance and administrative costs within a broader - deregulatory - context and analyzing governmental responses to concerns about compliance costs highlighted by the literature. Finally, it offers some tentative views on the likely directions that research in the area may take in the coming decades.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00286
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
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    A small business perspective on regulation in the UK (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Despite 15 years of initiatives the issue of regulation remains near the top of the business agenda. This article explores the history of the issue, the drivers of government regulation, the success and failure of previous initiatives, research on the impact of regulation, the current scene and areas where there is scope for improvement. The slant is on small businesses and the need to bring more of a small business focus to policy-making.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00288
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  • 22
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    Government administrative burdens on SMEs in East Africa: reviewing issues and actions (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The important macroeconomic reforms achieved in East African economies (Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda) during the late 1980s and early 1990s have failed to deliver the magnitude of private sector growth and increased employment expected. Governments in the region have begun to recognize that lower-level policies and administrative procedures impose significant constraints on private sector development, stemming primarily from the command and control bureaucracies that characterised colonial governance. There are three priority areas for administrative reform: business licensing and registration, tax and customs procedures and specialised approvals. Also discussed are the problems of the special position of the informal sector, the impact of corruption and access to commercial justice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00287
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
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    Federal regulation and the American economy (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article begins by assessing the cost of Federal regulation in the United States and how it has changed over time. It shows that there have been periods when these costs have fallen but that the trend is upwards. Some regulations result in net benefits but many produce more costs than benefits and the costs bear most heavily on smaller firms. Various measures taken to control regulatory activities are reviewed. The article ends with a plea for Congress to take responsibility for the quality of regulation instead of leaving it to the regulatory agencies and the President.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00289
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reforming value added tax (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The research reviewed in this paper establishes that the VAT system generates heavy administrative burdens for small firms in Europe despite various measures taken to alleviate them. A possible solution would be to abolish VAT charges between registered traders which would, in effect, convert the tax into a sales tax. The conclusion is that such a change would necessitate modification of the 6th Directive on VAT. The other alternative might be to compensate small firms for their work as unpaid tax collectors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00290
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deregulation initiatives in Hong Kong (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In Hong Kong, after its smooth establishment as a Special Administrative Region, there is a major deregulation effort. A deregulation committee is pursuing cases of unnecessary red tape and the private sector is becoming more involved in the delivery of public services. Hong Kong is the best place in Asia to do business.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00291
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  • 26
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    Electronic Resource
    Currency options: Hayek and competing currencies (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: While monetary theory indicates the advantages of a single currency, there are compelling arguments for the UK to remain outside the euro-zone.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00293
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  • 27
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    Franchise and the transport market: a new threat from Brussels (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Contrary to the general liberalisation of transport policy that has followed in the European Union for some years now, a proposal is circulating in the Council and Parliament that would reverse all the gains that have been achieved from deregulation of bus and train services. It would return effective decisions to‘competent authorities’and it would drive out competent managers as they lost the freedom to manage.
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  • 28
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    In the City (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The UK's successful service industries
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  • 29
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    Economics, slavery and Victorian reformers (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The‘Governor Eyre controversy’about events in 1865 illustrates the views about slavery held by various opinion leaders of the time. Thomas Carlyle, John Ruskin, Charles Dickens and Charles Kingsley either supported black slavery or were lukewarm about its abolition. John Stuart Mill and other classical economists, however, were abolitionists, realising that slavery is not a free market institution.
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  • 30
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    Technology (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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  • 31
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    Education (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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  • 32
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    The Environment (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00298
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  • 33
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    Columns (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00299
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  • 34
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    Editorial: Assurance and trust (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00267
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  • 35
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    Books (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Book Reviews in this ArticleFrom Subsistence to Exchange and Other Essays. Peter BauerIt's Getting Better All The Time: 100 Greatest Trends in the Last 100 Years. Stephen Moore and Julian L. SimonMarshall's Tendencies: What Can Economists Know? John SuttonJust in Time: Inside the Thatcher Revolution. John HoskynsThe End of Shareholder Value. Allan KennedyThe Economics of Energy, Volumes I & II. Paul Stevens (ed.)
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  • 36
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    The demand for and supply of assurance (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Consumers want products and services that are safe and of good quality. Corresponding to such demand is the demand for assurance, before the fact, that the quality and safety will be as promised. his demand for assurance creates opportunities for entrepreneurs to profit by providing assurance - and they do so in a wide and largely unappreciated variety of ways. The essential dialectic of the free enterprise system does apply to assurance. Governments’quality and safety restrictions on the freedom of contract, known to be so costly, are, therefore, unredeemed and should be repealed.
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  • 37
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    Knowledge, trust and recourse: imperfect substitutes as sources of assurance in emerging economies (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Uncertainty prevents voluntary interactions, but institutions of trust and/or recourse can substitute for knowledge by making promises relatively credible. Trust and various sources of recourse are imperfect substitutes, however, as demonstrated by consideration of the trade-offs between trust based on repeated dealings, recourse to informal private sanctions such as reputation threats, ostracism sanctions and third-party dispute resolution through formal commercial organizations operating under customary law, and the state's coercive legal system. The problems of knowledge and interest imply that, though not perfect, private sources of trust and recourse are superior in emerging markets to state-provided recourse.
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    Trust and economic organisation (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Markets induce trust through repeat dealing and the development of reputation. Organisations economise on the use of trust through the appropriate assignment of ownership rights. Trust is not therefore simply a useful‘outside’entity which economic analysis takes for granted. The production and‘allocation’of trust are, at least partially, an outcome of the operation of the economic system. An important‘unintended consequence’of government regulation which does not attract sufficient study and comment is the implicit undermining of trust-inducing market mechanisms and organisational structures.
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    Trust in life assurance (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Pervasive regulation has diminished the importance of trust within corporate cultures by making every company appear equally trustworthy in the eyes of the uninformed consumer. In an unregulated global market corporate trustworthiness may once again become a critical competitive asset.
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    Trust, Titmuss and blood (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Richard Titmuss challenged the market-based approach to social problems in the case of blood supply. His criticisms can, however, be answered if a system of strict liability is in place and if commerce works effectively with charitable activity. It is false to draw a dichotomy between markets and narrow self-interest, on the one hand, and mechanisms that make for the well-being of others, on the other.
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    Inequality and capitalism (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: By participation in lotteries, people reject the goals of equality of outcome or of opportunity - fortunately because both are infeasible.
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    Can European Union survive? (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Treaty of Rome promised European economic integration through free trade in goods, services and capital. Instead, Brussels has imposed ever-increasing regulation, which must weaken adaptation to global competition.
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    The staggering costs of drug criminalisation (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The cost of maintaining the current illegalisation of narcotics far exceeds the public's perception while, in contrast, the damage to society that would follow from their legalisation is grossly exaggerated. Using economic and other relevant research, estimates are made in this article of the spread of drug addiction and the increase in crime that are likely to follow the decriminalisation of drugs; estimates that reveal an overwhelming case for their decriminalisation.
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    Violence: the disease and the vaccine (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: With the rise of political correctness has come a condemnation of all violence. Individuals have been discouraged from deterring violence by threatening violence. Thus society's spontaneous reactions to violent attacks on the civil order have been repressed and official law enforcement is unable to cope with the consequences.
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    ‘Any schmuck can consume’: a response (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Murray Rothbard misunderstood what Mises meant by‘consumer sovereignty’. But Rothbard fully understood how producer decisions are shaped by the desire to anticipate the preferences of consumers.
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    In the City (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    Education (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Directors' remuneration and the DTI review of company law (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 21 (2001), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article considers how directors' remuneration should be set. It does so in both general terms and in the light of the DTI (1999) paper entitled Directors' Remuneration. A Consultative Document. The DTI document forms part of a general review of company law that is being undertaken by the Department of Trade and Industry. This article explores the extent to which these government-directed developments can be seen as an extension of the Cadbury, Greenbury and Hampel Reports and the extent to which self-regulation as opposed to government regulation looks set to dominate this area.
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    Technology (2001)
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    Topics: Economics
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    The Environment (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Economics
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    Fallacies (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Books (2001)
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Book Reviews in this ArticleTaxing Capital Income in the European Union: Issues and Options for Reform. Sijbren Cnossen (ed.)Consumption Tax Policy and the Taxation of Capital Income Raymond G. Batina and Toshihiro IhoriFrom Mutual Aid to the Welfare State: Fraternal Societies and Social Services, 1890-1967. David T. BeitoCurrency Crises. Paul Krugman (ed.)Law and Social Norms. Eric A. Posner
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    New Product Development Decision-Making Effectiveness: Comparing Individuals, Face-To-Face Teams, and Virtual Teams (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A total of 411 subjects participated in two decision-making experiments in order to examine the effectiveness of new product development project continuation decisions. Using escalation of commitment theory, in Study 1, individual versus face-to-face team decision-making effectiveness was compared. Study 2, an extension of Study 1, compared the new product development decision-making effectiveness of individuals, face-to-face teams, and virtual teams. A virtual team is a geographically and temporally dispersed and electronically communicating work group. In Study 2, the virtual teams communicated asynchronously via groupware technology. Our findings suggest that teams make more effective decisions than individuals, and virtual teams make the most effective decisions.
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    An Approximate Bayesian Algorithm for Combining Forecasts (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this paper we propose a consensus forecasting method based on a convex combination of individual forecast densities. The exact Bayesian updating of the convex combination weights is very complex and practically prohibitive. We propose a simple sequential updating alternative method based on function approximation. Several examples illustrate the method.
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    Utility-consistent Brand Demand Systems with Endogenous Category Consumption: Principles and Marketing Applications (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper introduces the design and implementation of utility-consistent, brand, and category demand systems. It extends formal demand analysis to the area of brand and category demand, which directly concerns marketing researchers and managers. The proposed brand demand system is a set of interrelated demand functions that are derived explicitly from a utility function describing consumer preferences. The model generalizes by the integration of category expenditures, which are determined endogenously. The theoretical plausibility of the proposed demand model is demonstrated first and, subsequently, brand and category level systems are derived. Econometric methods for estimating the systems are also developed and illustrated in empirical data. The results yield empirically determined, quantitative insights into the structure of consumer demand for brands and product categories. The proposed approach has the attractive feature of structuring the interdependencies of consumer decisions and ensuring an explicit role for theory in applied research.
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    A Cascaded Inference Model for Evaluation of the Internal Audit Report (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper provides a normative framework for how external auditors should evaluate internal audit (IA) work, with a view to assessing the risk of material misstatement. The central issue facing the external auditor when evaluating IA work is the reliability of IA work. Reliability assessments are structured using the cascaded inference framework from behavioral decision theory, in which attributes of source reliability are explicitly modeled and combined using Bayes' rule in order to determine the inferential value of IA work. Results suggest that the inferential value of an IA report is highly sensitive to internal auditor reporting bias, but relatively insensitive to reporting veracity. Veracity refers to internal auditors' propensity to report truthfully, whereas bias refers to the propensity to misreport findings. Results also indicate that this sensitivity to reporting bias is conditional on the level of internal auditor competence, thus suggesting significant interaction effects between the objectivity and competence factors. Collectively, these findings suggest that the impact of source reliability attributes may be more complex than portrayed in the auditing standards and that recognizing these subtleties may lead to greater efficiency and effectiveness.
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    A Structural Equation Model of New Product Design and Development (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This research uses structural equation modeling to analyze the effects of supplier assessment, Just-In-Time, and quality management strategies on new product design and development. A survey of senior managers who are members of the American Production and Inventory Control Society in the United States was used to test the relationships between the constructs in the model. In general, the survey results supported the proposed structural equation model. The data showed that supplier assessment and Just-In-Time strategies were correlated and affected the quality management strategy used, which in turn influenced the new product design and development strategy. The data also showed that the Just-In-Time strategy directly influenced the new product design and development strategy.
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    Optimizing Service Attributes: The Seller's Utility Problem (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Service designers predict market share and sales for their new designs by estimating consumer utilities. The service's technical features (for example, overnight parcel delivery), its price, and the nature of consumer interactions with the service delivery system influence those utilities. Price and the service's technical features are usually quite objective and readily ascertained by the consumer. However, consumer perceptions about their interactions with the service delivery system are usually far more subjective. Furthermore, service designers can only hope to influence those perceptions indirectly through their decisions about nonlinear processes such as employee recruiting, training, and scheduling policies. Like the service's technical features, these process choices affect quality perceptions, market share, revenues, costs, and profits.We propose a heuristic for the NP-hard service design problem that integrates realistic service delivery cost models with conjoint analysis. The resulting seller's utility function links expected profits to the intensity of a service's influential attributes and also reveals an ideal setting or level for each service attribute. In tests with simulated service design problems, our proposed configurations compare quite favorably with the designs suggested by other normative service design heuristics.
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    Multicriteria Preference Disaggregation for Classification Problems with an Application to Global Investing Risk (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Mathematical programming and multicriteria approaches to classification and discrimination are reviewed, with an emphasis on preference disaggregation. The latter include the UTADIS family and a new method, Multigroup Hierarchical DIScrimination (MHDIS). They are used to assess investing risk in 51 countries that have stock exchanges, according to 27 criteria. These criteria include quantitative and qualitative measures of market risk (volatility and currency fluctuations); range of investment opportunities; quantity and quality on market information; investor protection (security regulations treatment of minority shareholders); and administrative “headaches” (custody, settlement, and taxes). The model parameters are determined so that the results best match the risk level assigned to those countries by experienced international investment managers commissioned by The Wall Street Journal. Among the six evaluation models developed, one (MHDIS) classifies correctly all countries into the appropriate groups. Thus, this model is able to reproduce consistently the evaluation of the expert investment analysts. The most significant criteria and their weights for assessing global risk investing are also presented, along with their marginal utilities, leading to identifiers of risk groups and global utilities portraying the strength of each country's risk classification. The same method, MHDIS, outperformed the other five methods in a 10-fold validation experiment. These results are promising for the study of emerging new markets in fast-growing regions, which present fertile areas for investment growth but also
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    An Investigation of Localization as an Element of Cognitive Fit in Accounting Model Representations (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Cognitive fit, a correspondence between task and data representation format, has been demonstrated to lead to superior task performance by individual users and has been posited as an explanation for performance differences among users of various problem representations such as tables, graphs, maps, and schematic faces. The current study extends cognitive fit to accounting models and integrates cognitive fit theory with the concept of localization to provide additional evidence for how cognitive fit works. Two accounting model representations are compared in this study, the traditional DCA (Debit-Credit-Account) accounting model and the REA (Resources-Events-Agents) accounting model. Results indicate that the localization of relevant objects or linkages is important in establishing cognitive fit.
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    Effects of Information Sequence and Irrelevant Distractor Information When Using a Computer-based Decision Aid (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Computer-based decision aids are intended to support and improve human judgments. Frequently, the largest portion of the design effort is devoted to the technical aspects of the system; behavioral aspects are often overlooked. As a result, the decision aid may be ineffective. An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of two information structure variables that theoretically affect judgments: information sequence and irrelevant distractor information. Auditor subjects made continuing existence judgments for client-banks after interacting with one of four alternative decision aids. The decision aids are modifications of a system developed by an international CPA firm. Judgments were predicted to be more accurate when: (1) diagnostic information is presented late rather than early in the information sequence and (2) when no irrelevant distractor information is presented. Further, judgment confidence was predicted to be unrelated to either information sequence or irrelevant distractor information. The experimental data support all three predictions.
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    Optimal Solutions for the Single Batch, Flow Shop, Lot-streaming Problem with Equal Sublots (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Lot streaming is the process of splitting a production lot into sublots and then scheduling the sublots in overlapping fashion on the machines in order to improve the performance of the production system. Implementation of this concept arises in several batch production environments. These include, among others, printed circuit board assembly and semiconductor fabrication. There are several limitations in the lot-streaming models available in the literature which affect their usefulness in reality. In this paper, we consider the single batch, flow shop, lot-streaming problem but relax several of these limitations. The main contribution of this paper is to provide the production manager with a way of splitting a lot in order to optimize performance under various measures of performance and setup time considerations. In addition, the insight of the proposed procedure can be used to tackle more general versions of the problem considered.
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    An Exploratory Analysis of the Value of the Skills of IT Personnel: Their Relationship to IS Infrastructure and Competitive Advantage (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Determining and assessing the requisite skills of information technology (IT) personnel have become critical as the value of IT has risen in modern organizations. In addition to technical skills traditionally expected of IT personnel, softer skills like managerial, business, and interpersonal skills have been increasingly cited in previous studies as mandatory for these employees. This paper uses a typology of IT personnel skills—technology management skills, business functional skills, interpersonal skills, and technical skills—and investigates their relationships to two information systems (IS) success variables, IS infrastructure flexibility and the competitive advantage provided by IS. The study investigates these relationships using the perceptions of chief information officers (CIOs) from mostly Fortune 2000 companies. The contributions of this study are: IT personnel skills do affect IS success, technical skills are viewed as the most important skill set in affecting IS infrastructure flexibility and competitive advantage, and modularity is viewed as more valuable to competitive advantage than integration. Several explanations are offered for the lack of positive relationships between the softer IT personnel skills and the dimensions of IS success used in this study.
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    Lot-sizing Decisions Under Limited-time Price Reduction (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We consider the optimal lot-sizing policy for an inventoried item when the vendor offers a limited-time price reduction. We use the discounted cash flow (DCF) approach in our analysis, thereby eliminating the sources of approximation found in most of the earlier studies that use an average annual cost approach. We first characterize the optimal lot-sizing policies and their properties, then develop an algorithm for determining the optimal lot sizes. We analytically demonstrate that the lot sizes derived using an average annual cost approach for the different variants of the problem are, in general, larger than the DCF optimum. While DCF analysis is more rigorous and yields precise lot sizes, we recognize that the associated mathematical models and the solution procedure are rather complex. Since simple and easy-to-understand policies have a strong practical appeal to decision makers, we propose a DCF version of a simple and easy-to-implement heuristic called the “Early Purchase” (EP) strategy and discuss its performance. We supplement our analytical developments with a detailed computational analysis and discuss the implications of our findings for decision making.
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    Financial Implications of the Decision to Increase Reliance on Contingent Labor (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper provides the first systematic examination of the financial implications associated with increased reliance on contingent (i.e., temporary/part-time) labor. Using measures of performance from income statement and balance sheet data, and stock returns, we find that the adoption of this labor practice is associated with superior subsequent performance. Concurrently, no increase in systematic risk and standard deviation of stock returns is observed. The increase in performance with no concurrent increase in systematic risk and standard deviation of returns perhaps explains the increasing popularity of this labor practice.
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    An Improved Security Requirement for Data Perturbation with Implications for E-Commerce (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: With the rapid increase in the ability to store and analyze large amounts of data, organizations are gathering extensive data regarding their customers, vendors, and other entities. There has been a concurrent increase in the demand for preserving the privacy of confidential data that may be collected. The rapid growth of e-commerce has also increased calls for maintaining privacy and confidentiality of data. For numerical data, data perturbation methods offer an easy yet effective solution to the dilemma of providing access to legitimate users while protecting the data from snoopers (legitimate users who perform illegitimate analysis). In this study, we define a new security requirement that achieves the objective of providing access to legitimate users without an increase in the ability of a snooper to predict confidential information. We also derive the specifications under which perturbation methods can achieve this objective. Numerical examples are provided to show that the use of the new specification achieves the objective of no additional information to the snooper. Implications of the new specification for e-commerce are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2001.tb00977.x
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    Discrete Sequential Search with Group Activities (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Equipment failures can have significant implications in terms of cost and customer satisfaction. Reducing the time required to find the cause of a failure can provide large cost savings and help preserve customer goodwill. Single-item discrete sequential search models can be used to sequence the tasks in diagnostic search to minimize the expected time required to find the cause of the failure. We increase the utility of the single-item discrete sequential search model by developing a formulation that includes simple precedence relationships as well as sequence dependent relationships defined by group activities. This formulation can be applied to a number of other problems including determining the sequence for multiple quality control tests on an item, scheduling oil well workovers to maximize the expected increase in oil production, and sequencing tasks in a research project where there is a technological risk associated with each task.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2001.tb00972.x
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    The Value of Production Schedule Integration in Supply Chains (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study explores the value of integrated production schedules for reducing the negative effects of schedule revisions in supply chains involving buyer and supplier firms. A stochastic cost model is developed to evaluate the total supply chain cost with integrated purchasing and scheduling policies. The model minimizes the costs associated with assembly rate adjustment, safety stock, and schedule changes for all supply chain members. Through experimentation, the paper examines the impact of several environmental factors on the value of schedule integration. This study finds that schedule integration can lead to overall cost savings in a supply chain, but some firms may have to absorb costs in excess of those they would incur with independent scheduling. Environments with high inventory holding costs and long supplier lead times may not find it beneficial to adopt an integrated schedule. Forecast effectiveness plays a critical role in realizing the benefits of schedule integration. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2001.tb00974.x
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    Data Mining for Network Intrusion Detection: A Comparison of Alternative Methods (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Intrusion detection systems help network administrators prepare for and deal with network security attacks. These systems collect information from a variety of systems and network sources, and analyze them for signs of intrusion and misuse. A variety of techniques have been employed for analysis ranging from traditional statistical methods to new data mining approaches. In this study the performance of three data mining methods in detecting network intrusion is examined. An experimental design (3times2x2) is created to evaluate the impact of three data mining methods, two data representation formats, and two data proportion schemes on the classification accuracy of intrusion detection systems. The results indicate that data mining methods and data proportion have a significant impact on classification accuracy. Within data mining methods, rough sets provide better accuracy, followed by neural networks and inductive learning. Balanced data proportion performs better than unbalanced data proportion. There are no major differences in performance between binary and integer data representation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2001.tb00975.x
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    Economic Production Lot Sizing with Periodic Costs and Overtime (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Traditional approaches for modeling economic production lot-sizing problems assume that a single, fixed equipment setup cost is incurred each time a product is run, regardless of the quantity manufactured. This permits multiple days of production from one production setup. In this paper, we extend the model to consider additional fixed charges, such as cleanup or inspection costs, that are associated with each time period's production. This manufacturing cost structure is common in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries, where process equipment must be sanitized between item changeovers and at the end of each day's production. We propose two mathematical problem formulations and optimization algorithms. The models' unique features include regular time production constraints, a fixed charge for each time period's production, and the availability of overtime production capacity. Experimental results indicate the conditions under which our algorithms' performance is superior to traditional approaches. We also test the procedures on a set of lot-sizing problems facing a national food processor and document their potential economic benefit.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2001.tb00966.x
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    Opportunism in Capital Budget Recommendations: The Effects of Past Performance and Its Attributions (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study uses an experiment to examine the separate and combined effects of managers' loss aversion and their causal attributions about their divisions' performance on tendencies to make goal-incongruent capital budget recommendations. We find that managers' recommendations are biased by their loss aversion. In particular, managers of high-performing divisions are more likely than managers of low-performing divisions to propose investments that maximize their division's short-term profits at the expense of the firm's long-term value. We also find that managers' recommendations are biased by their causal attributions. In particular, managers are more likely to propose investments that maximize their division's short-term profits at the expense of the firm's long-term value when they attribute their division's performance to external causes (e.g., task difficulty or luck) rather than to internal causes (e.g., managerial ability or effort). Further, the effects of causal attributions are greater for managers of high-performing divisions than for managers of low-performing divisions. The study's findings are important because loss aversion and causal attributions are often manifested in firms. Thus, they may bias managers' decisions, which in turn may be detrimental to the firms' long-term value.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2001.tb00968.x
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    Improving Computer Training Effectiveness for Decision Technologies: Behavior Modeling and Retention Enhancement (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Managers and analysts increasingly need to master the hands-on use of computer-based decision technologies including spreadsheet models. Effective training can prevent the lack of skill from impeding potential effectiveness gains from decision technologies. Among the wide variety of software training approaches in use today, recent research indicates that techniques based on behavior modeling, which consists of computer skill demonstration and hands-on practice, are among the most effective for achieving positive training outcomes. The present research examines whether the established behavior-modeling approach to software training can be improved by adding a retention enhancement intervention as a substitute for, or complement to, hands-on practice. One hundred and eleven trainees were randomly assigned to one of three versions of a training program for spreadsheets: retention enhancement only, practice only, and retention enhancement plus practice. Results obtained while controlling for total training time indicate that a combination of retention enhancement and practice led to significantly better cognitive learning than practice alone. The initial difference in cognitive achievement was still evident one week after training. Implications for future computer training research and practice are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2001.tb00970.x
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    Information Technology Acceptance by Individual Professionals: A Model Comparison Approach (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The proliferation of innovative and exciting information technology applications that target individual “professionals” has made the examination or re-examination of existing technology acceptance theories and models in a “professional” setting increasingly important. The current research represents a conceptual replication of several previous model comparison studies. The particular models under investigation are the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and a decomposed TPB model, potentially adequate in the targeted healthcare professional setting. These models are empirically examined and compared, using the responses to a survey on telemedicine technology acceptance collected from more than 400 physicians practicing in public tertiary hospitals in Hong Kong. Results of the study highlight several plausible limitations of TAM and TPB in explaining or predicting technology acceptance by individual professionals. In addition, findings from the study also suggest that instruments that have been developed and repeatedly tested in previous studies involving end users and business managers in ordinary business settings may not be equally valid in a professional setting. Several implications for technology acceptance/adoption research and technology management practices are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2001.tb00978.x
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    A Decision Support System for Production/ Distribution Planning in Continuous Manufacturing (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper presents a decision support system (DSS) for managing production/distribution planning in a continuous manufacturing environment. The vendor has multiple plants and distribution centers (DCs). The trading partners have widely varying independent demand patterns. The DSS is designed for use in a multiproduct environment with overlapping raw materials and processing requirements. The production and distribution lead times at plants may span multiple planning periods. The impact of any manual override of a suggested solution can also be evaluated. The DSS is based on a linear programming model with a rolling horizon and was originally designed for a large process industry. Results of a pilot implementation using actual data are also presented, which show potential for significant savings for the company.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2001.tb00971.x
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    Organization Structure from a Loose Coupling Perspective: A Multidimensional Approach (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Organizational theories frequently rely on notions of sharing and dependence among organizational participants, but researchers usually focus on characteristics of the actors themselves instead of the relational patterns among the actors. Loose coupling is one conceptual tool that emphasizes relational patterns. Loose coupling, however, is an abstract metaphor that is simultaneously fertile and ambiguous. This paper develops a rigorous and comprehensive framework that sharpens the theoretical contributions of loose coupling to our understanding of structural relationships. Characteristics of loose coupling capture some important and underexplored features of multidimensional fit and interdependence in organizations. The proposed framework clarifies these theoretical contributions of loose coupling with concepts and equations modified from network analysis. Testable hypotheses are proposed with respect to three key independent variables that may affect patterns of coupling: organization strategy, technology, and environmental turbulence. Additional hypotheses are advanced with respect to the use of the multidimensional approach to loose coupling in studying new organizational forms. Initial psychometric and empirical evidence are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2001.tb00959.x
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    The Effectiveness of Decisional Guidance: An Empirical Evaluation (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Decisional guidance is defined as how a decision support system (DSS) influences its users as they structure and execute the decision-making process. It is assumed that decisional guidance has profound effects on decision making, but these effects are understudied and empirically unproven. This paper describes an empirical, laboratory-experiment-based evaluation of the effectiveness of deliberate decisional guidance and its four types. We developed and used a comprehensive model consisting of four evaluation criteria: decision quality, user satisfaction, user learning, and decision-making efficiency. On these criteria, we compared decisional guidance versus no guidance, informative versus suggestive decisional guidance, and predefined versus dynamic decisional guidance. We found that deliberate decisional guidance was more effective on all four criteria; suggestive guidance was more effective in improving decision quality and user satisfaction, and informative guidance was more effective in user learning about the problem domain, whereas dynamic guidance was more effective than predefined guidance in improving decision quality and user learning; and both suggestive guidance and dynamic guidance reduced the decision time.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2001.tb00962.x
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    Testing the Interaction Effects of Task Complexity in Computer Training Using the Social Cognitive Model (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Using a Modified Social Cognitive Theory framework, this study examines the behavior modeling and lecture-based training approaches to computer training. It extends the existing Social Cognitive Model for computer training by adding the task complexity construct to training method, prior performance, computer self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and performance. A sample of 249 students from a large state university served as participants in a laboratory experiment that was conducted to determine the task complexity*training method and task complexity* self-efficacy interaction effects on performance. Structural equation modeling with interaction effects was used to analyze the data. The results show that behavior modeling outperforms lecture-based training in a measure of final performance when task complexity is high. Further, it is found that computer self-efficacy has a greater positive effect on performance when task complexity is high than when task complexity is low. Prior performance is also found to be an important variable in the model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2001.tb00951.x
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    Evaluation of Embedded Intelligent Real-time Systems (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Over the past two decades, questions have surfaced about the effectiveness and contribution of intelligent systems to decision makers in a variety of settings. This paper focuses on the evaluation challenges associated with intelligent real-time software systems that are embedded in larger host systems. With the proliferation of such systems in operational settings such as aerospace, medical, manufacturing, and transportation systems, increased attention to evaluations of such systems, and to resulting software safety, is warranted. This paper describes one such evaluation and proposes a set of evaluation criteria for embedded intelligent real-time systems (EIRTS). Implications of the evaluation and the evaluation criteria are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2001.tb00954.x
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    Effective Design of Products/Services: An Approach Based on Integration of Marketing and Operations Management Decisions (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 32 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper presents an integrated framework for designing profit-maximizing products/ services, which can also be produced at reasonable operating difficulty levels. Operating difficulty is represented as a function of product and process attributes, and measures a firm's relative ease or difficulty in meeting customer demand patterns under specified operating conditions. Earlier optimum product design procedures have not considered. operational difficulty. We show that optimum profit, market share, cost, and product profiles are dependent on operating difficulty level. Empirical results from the pizza delivery industry demonstrate the value of the proposed Effective Product/Service Design approach.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2001.tb00957.x
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    The strategic use of contingent workers in Hong Kong's economic upheaval (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human resource management journal 11 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1748-8583
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This research examines strategy in the use and purposes of contingent employment in four retail firms under different economic conditions in Hong Kong. Data from in-depth qualitative case studies found that the four firms – three Japanese and one British – had different organisational responses to the economic conditions caused by the increase of sales before the Asian financial crisis of 1997 and the shrinkage of sales afterwards. One such response concerned the companies' employment policies, especially in their use of contingent workers. Some tended to have an ad hoc opportunistic approach to the use of contingent workers, while others were more strategic and incorporate long-term planning in their labour utilisation strategy. Implications are drawn relating to companies' use of contingent employment to changes in the contextual environment regarding their long-term development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2001.tb00049.x
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    Book reviews (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human resource management journal 11 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-8583
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Jobs and Fairness: The Logic and Experience of Employee Ownership Robert Oakeshott Building Cross-Cultural Competence — How to Create Wealth from Conflicting Values Charles Hampden-Turner and Fons Trompenaars Career Front iers: New Concept ions of Working Lives Maury Peiperl, Michael Arthur, Rob Goffee and Tim Morris Pay in the Public Services 2000/2001 Incomes Data Services Developing Managerial Competence Jonathan Winterton and Ruth Winterton
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2001.tb00053.x
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    Company-based education programmes: what's the pay-off for employers? (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human resource management journal 11 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-8583
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article addresses the question of whether company-based programmes of education repay employer investment in terms of learning transfer to the workplace. Building on earlier work by the authors, we use an in-depth longitudinal case study of a long-standing programme of continuous education sponsored by the US-based NCR corporation in Scotland. As educators, we expected to find that the programme would have been associated with positive outcomes, based on the belief that 'embrained' or formal, abstract knowledge can be transferred to the workplace. We were aware, however, that research in this area has not been promising in demonstrating learning transfer, in part because such a process is mediated by the quality of the transfer climate. Drawing on survey data and in-depth interviewing of a sample cohort, we found that the programme of company-based education had significant implications for learning transfer. Surprisingly, however, transfer climate had little influence on the willingness of employees to use their knowledge to make improvements or generate innovations at work. Finally, we found that these data supported situated learning theory, stressing the importance of tacit knowledge, informal learning, the communal nature of workplace learning and the difficulties in evaluating learning transfer. We believe that these results have important implications for the literature on the evaluation of HRD interventions, for human resource development (HRD) specialists interested in developing programmes of so-called lifelong learning and for practitioners working in the area of organisational learning and learning organisations.
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    Champions, adapters, consultants and synergists: the new change agents in HRM (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human resource management journal 11 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-8583
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: At the centre of many HRM approaches to organisational transformation and culture change is the concept of the personnel or HR professional as change agent. Storey highlighted the emerging significance of the 'changemaker' role in the UK almost a decade ago, and Ulrich has offered a powerful reinterpretation of the personnel function that affirms the significance of the HR change agent in championing competitiveness in many large US corporations. However, while the scope and influence of this role has often been questioned, the variety of forms it takes has not been satisfactorily addressed. The new survey findings and interview evidence from major UK companies presented here indicates that the change agent role has grown in significance and complexity.To partly capture these changes, a new four-fold typology of HR change agent roles is proposed: champions, adapters, consultants and synergists.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2001.tb00044.x
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    Perceptions of the value of the HR function (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human resource management journal 11 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1748-8583
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article explores the added value of the HR function as it is perceived by three groups of managers: top managers, HR managers and line managers. Despite the fact that literature about strategic HRM focuses almost exclusively on the value of the HR function as a strategic partner, it was assumed that its perceived value for the business would not be restricted to the area of strategy formulation and implementation. Several 'result domains' can be distinguished in which the HR function can deliver value to the business. Based on our review of the literature, the degree of strategic involvement of the function was used as a second perspective to investigate its perceived added value. To examine our propositions, a qualitative study was carried out in which 97 HR managers, 38 top managers and 178 line managers participated. The results confirm our thesis that the perceived value of the HR function contains more than just the fulfilment of its role as a strategic partner. Based on our results, an integrated model for the perceived value of the function has been developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2001.tb00046.x
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    Managing employee expectations during acquisitions (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human resource management journal 11 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1748-8583
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: There is a wide body of evidence that suggests that the management of 'human factors' in post-acquisition implementation is important and, where it is badly managed, helps to explain why up to half of acquisitions are not deemed to be successful. A central feature in this process is the management of employee expectations. Using research insights drawn from the management and formation of expectations in recruitment and from breaches of the psychological contract, this article reports on research in organisations subject to a takeover within two years of the field work. Detailed findings on two of these cases are used to explore the dimensions of dual expectations in such circumstances. It is suggested that employees in acquired companies have concerns that become expectations concerning both themselves ('me') and their work group ('us'), ranging from immediate job and employment worries on transfer to longer-term status and behavioural and cultural concerns in the 'new' organisation. These expectations will vary over time and have different facets according to the seniority of the employee, the degree of integration sought by the acquirer and the extent to which expectations formed are proven to be realistic and realisable. The two cases analysed reveal different aspects of unmet expectations in acquisitions. Seven factors were identified as influential in shaping employees' expectations in acquisitions: quality of communication, believability of information, trust in management action, credibility of leadership, fairness of action, consistency of action and communication and logic of management action or behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2001.tb00036.x
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    Book reviews (2001)
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    Human resource management journal 11 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1748-8583
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Managing Management Development Graham Mole Equality, Diversity and Disadvantage in Employment Mike Noon/Emmanuel Ogbonna (eds) Performance-Driven Organisational Change Lex Donaldson Human Resource Strategy: Formulation, Implementation and Impact Peter Bamberger and Ilan Meshoulam
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    Closing the circle: participant views of a 360 degree feedback programme (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human resource management journal 11 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1748-8583
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The use of 360 degree feedback is becoming increasingly commonplace in organisations. It is claimed that this programme offers a more rounded diagnosis of development needs resulting in more effective development plans for individuals and more strategically focused investment in training for the organisation as a whole. These claims are tested in a qualitative and quantitative field study of participants in a 360 degree programme for middle and senior managers at a UK university. Some elements of the programme are found to work better than others, but participants rate their experience of almost all aspects of training and development as significantly better than a matched sample of non-participants, and this leads to more positive global evaluations of the employer. The implications for the use of 360 degree programmes are discussed with regard to the critical HRM literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2001.tb00031.x
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    Managing equal opportunities for women: sorting the friends from the foes (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human resource management journal 11 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1748-8583
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Employees working in Hong Kong were surveyed on their attitudes towards managing equal opportunities for women. Results indicate that gender is a better predictor of attitudes than work identity. Manager/employee work identity has an add-on moderating effect on some women-friendly policies but not on others. Out of seven women-friendly dimensions, women as managers are less receptive of only two: 'training and development' and 'positive equal opportunities'; men as managers, in contrast, are less resistant to 'training and development' and 'flexitime'. The findings suggest that there are three levels of gatekeeping: one, male employees; two, male managers; and three, female managers. We suggest that to help women employees break the glass ceiling, different organisational and societal change programmes are needed to target the different groups of gatekeepers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2001.tb00033.x
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    Perceptions of stress at work (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human resource management journal 11 (2001), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1748-8583
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article reviews previous research on the scale of perceived stress at work and describes results from the 'Bristol Stress and Health at Work' study (Smith et al, 2000a, 2000b). This study had three main aims: first, to determine the scale of perceived stress at work in a random population sample; secondly, to distinguish the effects of stress at work from those of stress in life as a whole; and, finally, to determine whether objective measures of health status and performance efficiency were related to reports of stress at work. These objectives were investigated by conducting an epidemiological survey of 17,000 randomly selected people from the Bristol electoral register, a follow-up survey 12 months later and detailed investigation of a cohort from the original sample. The results revealed that approximately 20 per cent of the sample reported very high or extremely high levels of stress at work. This effect was reliable over time, related to potentially stressful working conditions and associated with impaired physical and mental health. The effects of stress at work could not be attributed to life stress or negative affectivity. The cohort study also suggested that high levels of stress at work may influence physiology and mental performance. The prevalence rate obtained in this study suggests that five million workers in the UK may have very high levels of stress at work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2001.tb00052.x
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    Counting angels: a comparison of personnel and HR specialists (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human resource management journal 11 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-8583
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article uses data from the 1998 Workplace Employee Relations Survey to explore the extent to which the characteristics and job-related activities of specialists who use the title 'human resources' differ from those who use the title 'personnel'. The results demonstrate that specialists using the HR title are better qualified than those using the personnel title and they are more involved with strategic planning. Additionally, employee development is more likely to be included in strategic plans, and there is slightly greater evidence of devolution of responsibility to supervisors where the specialist uses the HR rather than the personnel title. Finally, several practices commonly associated with HRM, such as personality tests, attitude surveys and off-the-job training, are more likely to have been adopted in workplaces that have an HR specialist than in those that have a personnel specialist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2001.tb00042.x
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    Exploring the relationship between HR and middle managers (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human resource management journal 11 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-8583
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Despite the importance of the relationship between the HR function and line management (see Guest, 1987; Storey, 1992), there appears to be a lack of understanding of the process of enhancing the willingness and ability of line managers to take on responsibility for HR issues. It is towards plugging this research gap that this case study contributes. Specifically, it focuses on middle-level line managers and their involvement in the management of human resources in an NHS hospital trust. Using a framework drawn from the strategic management literature (Floyd and Wooldridge, 1992, 1994, 1997), it examines their involvement in realising strategic change in the HR area and the organisational conditions that frame this. The study suggests that, in their relationship with the HR function, middle managers may enjoy significant involvement in bringing about strategic change - beyond merely implementing the strategy determined by the HR function; the relationship is one of partnership. To facilitate this, middle managers should be allowed to cross functional boundaries within the organisation, there should be significant investment in their development, HR strategy should consist of broad themes rather than tight prescription and the HR function should operate alongside middle-level line managers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2001.tb00045.x
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  • 92
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    Book reviews (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human resource management journal 11 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-8583
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Human Resource Management: A Critical Text John Storey (ed) The War for Talent: Getting the Best From the Best Michael Williams New Challenges for European Human Resource Management Chris Brewster, Wolfgang Mayrhofer and Michael Morley (eds) Teamworking Stephen Procter and Frank Mueller (eds)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2001.tb00047.x
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  • 93
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    HRD in multinationals: the global/local mix (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human resource management journal 11 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-8583
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article is concerned with how MNCs (multinational corporations) differ from indigenous organisations in relation to their human resource development (HRD) practices, and whether this relationship changes across countries. We question whether local isomorphism is apparent in the HRD practices of MNCs, or whether MNCs share more in common with their counterparts in other countries. A series of hypotheses are put forward and tested, using survey data from 424 multinational and 259 indigenous organisations based in the UK and Ireland. The results suggest a hybrid form of localisation, where MNCs adapt their practices to accommodate national differences, but that these adaptations do not reflect convergence to domestic practice. The results also indicate that MNCs are selective in the HRD practices that are adapted. Evidence from this study indicates that country differences in career traditions and labour market skill needs are key drivers in the localisation of associated HRD practice. In contrast, MNCs, irrespective of national context, adopt comparable systematic training frameworks, ie training-need identification, evaluation and delivery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2001.tb00037.x
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    Designing and aligning an HR system (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human resource management journal 11 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-8583
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article reports the results of a study conducted in the wholesale banking arm of a major international financial institution in Ireland. This took a multi-level perspective in exploring the construction of the HR system at group, divisional and strategic business unit (SBU) levels within the firm. The findings suggest that it is critical to consider the level of analysis in both the construction of theHR system and in its operation at different levels within the multi-divisional firm. The research found that it is at SBU level that a coherent HR system is most likely to emerge, as at this level appropriate processes can be adopted to implement HR policies, practices and philosophies. However, the negotiations and interpretations of HR practice that dominate traditional divisional/business unit arrangements may be detrimental to theemergence of a coherent HRsystem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2001.tb00038.x
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  • 95
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    Teamworking: a new dynamic in the pursuit of management control (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human resource management journal 11 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-8583
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article examines the introduction of teamworking in the pharmaceutical industry. It was found that the organisation of work contained a mix of benefits and costs. The balance between the two was not random; employees' response was influenced by and connected to prior experiences and expectations, management's business strategies and approach to industrial relations and HRM. The article argues that there was a new dynamic, but one cast within the familiar terrain of management seeking to maintain control and generate consent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2001.tb00029.x
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  • 96
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    Book reviews (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human resource management journal 11 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-8583
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Managing Telework Kevin Daniels, David A. Lamond and Peter Standen (eds) Personnel Management: a Comprehensive Guide to Theory and Practice Stephen Bach and Keith Sisson (eds) Strategic Reward Systems Richard Thorpe and Gill Homan (eds) Paying for Contribution. Real Performance-Related Pay Strategies Duncan Brown and Michael Armstrong
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2001.tb00034.x
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  • 97
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    Identifying network density and scale economies for Japanese water supply organizations (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Papers in regional science 80 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Within this analysis we determine the optimal size (that is, with the minimum average cost) of a water supply enterprise and reconsider the matter of scale economies, using sample data from Japanese water supply organizations. After surveying evidence from previous studies of scale economies in the water supply industry, we estimate cost functions with three different cost models: the log-linear, translog and translog with a hedonic function. We obtain the result that economies of network density do exist, but that there are slight diseconomies of scale at the sample mean point. The optimal size of a water supply organization would be one supplying a population of approximately 766,000 people.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.2001.tb01795.x
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    Regional density functions and growth patterns in major plains of China, 1982–1990 (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Papers in regional science 80 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This research analyzes the spatial patterns of regional development in China through the change of population density functions from 1982 to 1990, using several online digital data sets. To minimize the influence of physical environment on population densities, the study areas are limited to four major plains of China: the Northeast (Dongbei), North China (Huabei) and Hubei-Hunan (Lianghu) Plains, and the Sichuan Basin. A gravity-based delineation approach is used to delineate the influence regions of 17 cities. Regional densities in China decline with distance from a city, similar to western countries. In addition, areas close to central cities grew faster than remote areas, described as a trend of centralization. However, regions with strong core growth are generally associated with stagnant hinterlands ('core growth-hinterland stagnation'); and regions with moderate core growth are usually matched by similar growth rates in the hinterlands ('spread through growth').
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.2001.tb01796.x
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  • 99
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    A typology of community opportunity and vulnerability in metropolitan Australia (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Papers in regional science 80 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. A multivariate model using hierarchical clustering and discriminant analysis is used to identify clusters of community opportunity and community vulnerability across Australia's mega metropolitan regions. Variables used in the model measure aspects of structural economic change, occupational change, human capital, income, unemployment, family/household disadvantage, and housing stress. A nine-cluster solution is used to categorise communities across metropolitan space. Significant between-city variations in the incidence of these clusters of opportunity and vulnerability are apparent, suggesting the emergence of marked differentiation between Australia's mega metropolitan regions in their adjustments to changing economic and social conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.2001.tb01786.x
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  • 100
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    Information linkages in regional market networks with applications to healthcare markets (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Papers in regional science 80 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. The spatial availability of information as a determinant of consumer choice and export sales is analyzed along with other spatial-economic determinants of export competition. A spatial interaction framework is applied to two alternative specifications; a pair-wise model of information dominance and a spatially dispersed information model for consumers located in different market areas. Model estimates of the role of spatial availability of information, market power, distance, and population demand thresholds on export sales are based on national data from The Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care. The regional application is for Medicare health exports from the Seattle hospital market to markets throughout the state of Washington. Information availability increases export sales of hospital Medicare services with the strongest impact occurring for the pair-wise model of information dominance. The spatially dispersed information model shows a smaller and less significant impact of information availability on export sales. Distance between Seattle and export markets has a strong, negative effect on export sales and on intra-regional patient mobility. Market power within the Seattle center exerts a positive impact on sales and mobility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.2001.tb01788.x
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