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  • Elsevier  (151,038)
  • Emerald  (4,814)
  • 1995-1999  (155,852)
  • 1996  (79,339)
  • 1995  (76,515)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 294 (1992), S. 466-478 
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 317 (1993), S. 474-484 
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 5 (1996), S. 48-59 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Undertakes a comparative analysis of the evolution and development of own branding strategies in UK and French grocery markets. Primary research was carried out through semi-structured interviews with senior managers of French grocery companies to determine the nature of their own branding strategies and to draw out comparisons with the strategies of their UK counterparts. Results indicate that it is unlikely that French retailers will develop store brands on the scale of Sainsbury's, Tesco, Marks & Spencer and Safeway in the UK. The organizational structure of French grocery business is less conducive to centralized buying and distribution, and conflict between manufacturers and distributors has led to a less efficient supply chain than in the UK. These factors, coupled with a highly competitive price-driven market environment, have resulted in most French retailers using own brands as a defensive strategy to combat strong national brands. The exceptions are companies which are well represented in the high street (Monoprix, Casino and Prisunic) and Carrefour, the only hypermarket operator which has ventured down the route of the UK multiples with a more value-added, differentiation approach.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 5-9 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Today, information technology is fundamental to the operation of most businesses, whether they are small companies or multinational corporations. In recent times, the implementation of local and wide area networks and the installation of computing equipment in office areas has brought information technology to nearly every working environment. The result is an increasing dependence on the availability, integrity and confidentiality of information stored and processed by these systems. As the trend shifts from "fortress" style central computer facilities to distributed systems located in generally less secure office environments, the risk of disruption increases, owing to lack of physical security, support services limitations and absence of site monitoring. The net result is higher business impact coupled with greater exposure. Identifies the elements that are at risk, discusses the issues businesses face when seeking to minimize exposures, suggests some practical solutions and describes some selected events that illustrate the hazards associated with having inadequate protection.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 79-80 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the problems created by shortfalls in the performance of certain information highway services, Asyncrous Transfer Mode, and in the behavior of users. Describes individual attempts which are being made to iron out these problems, in effect introducing a system of "policing" the network.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 71-78 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Refers to the growing popularity of "Fidonet" in Africa and compares it with the Internet. Acknowledges that developing countries may miss the information revolution because they lack national information infrastructures and the knowledge and skills required to provide the relevant content for them. Argues that global information should promote human development in areas such as education, health, social services and commercial activity. The Conference of African Ministers recently declared support for the building of Africa's information highway, recognizing the need for African countries to develop information networks for full Internet connectivity, enabling access to the same information systems for Africa's economic recovery and sustainable development.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 92-96 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Internet is increasingly used by management professionals to support information gathering and research activities. However, the different sources of information on the Internet (i.e. electronic journals, online databases, messages posted to groups of readers, and e-mail) must be carefully utilized by the prudent manager. In particular, examines three issues surrounding the use and citation of information received via the Internet. The first issue addresses problems surrounding the accuracy and recency of information obtained on the Internet. The second issue focusses on properly categorizing the type of information received. The last issue examines how to reference properly information obtained from the Internet that is used in academic and industrial research. Concludes with a section on ethical issues related to electronic media.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 81-91 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Examines the challenges that shopping and other commercial transactions on the Internet pose for the retail industry. An increasing number of shopping malls, selling an ever-widening selection of products, are becoming available on the Internet. There are, however, still a number of challenges facing the Internet retailer and shopper. These include: locating the shops, comparison shopping, security, especially in relation to financial transactions, the customer base and profile, the nature of the shopping experience, and legal and marketplace control or lack of them. It is possible to make money on the Internet without selling, but by using the Internet to support other business processes. Currently, many retailers are exploring the potential of the Internet, but the market is still in its infancy. Retailers do, however, report increasing sales and a positive contribution to marketing from visibility on the Internet.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 10-21 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Electronic publishing needs a strong input of marketing thinking. Technological hype has created a sales fetish which has little evidence to support its claims. The substantive benefits when a broader perspective is taken for authors and readers are very significant, including considerably faster publication and much wider dissemination via Internet. Archival knowledge and current awareness/browsing of the body of knowledge and information require quite different marketing approaches. Little attention has been given to their discrete needs. Draws comparisons from retailing theory and from the emerging range of experimental cases from Internet pioneers to identify robust strategies for short- and medium-term action by publishers. They imply a determined effort to avoid hard selling and product-driven mindsets in favor of exploitation of the scope for interactive and integrated marketing to authors and readers alike.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 22-28 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Proposes the "cyberpunk librarian" as an identity for the librarian able to operate in the emerging cyberspace. Describes the properties and culture of this electronic frontier. Reviews a broad range of literature to identify future directions for libraries and librarians who will have to seek a response to the major social impact of technology-driven change. Argues that librarians are presented with an opportunity to reaffirm and assert their professional values and beliefs. They can help to shape a vision of cyberspace that provides benefits to society and individuals based on a fair and equitable distribution of information resources.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 29-30 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Briefly assesses the growth and impact of the Internet, which provides an opportunity for all businesses to use it as a cheap source of communication for more focussed strategic advantage. Outlines some of its benefits and disadvantages if it is used in this way.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 31-32 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Outlines the reasons for the formation of an Internet-based bank in 1995. States that financial services providers must take any opportunity to provide easier customer access.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 44-47 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Defines intellectual property rights and infringement. Looks at the current relevant legislation; assesses the extent to which right owners can seek redress, and prevent adaptation of a work, making of transient or incidental copies and the storing of works in any medium by electronic means. Discusses how the inherent territoriality of law and remedy relates to the online world.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 33-43 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses some of the problems designers face in building catalogs in large networks and relates them back to the resource discovery problem. Currently many catalogs tend to be built in an ad hoc fashion - which leads to a great variety in the quality of publicly accessible network catalogs. Furthermore, the research surrounding these catalogs tends to focus on narrow technical issues - resulting in difficult-to-use catalogs. Addresses this problem by providing a usability framework based on the library science and human computer interaction literature, and demonstrates some of those principles via an example of a prototype. Results are interesting to resource discovery tool developers in that a framework for understanding the general resource discovery problem is provided and some techniques for dealing with those problems are presented.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 48-63 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Reviews the growth of TayNet, a local service provider which was established to support the development of businesses in Tayside by providing local access to the Internet. Describes the computer, communication and software components of the TayNet Point of Presence along with the technical and end-user evaluation of the pilot phase. Provides sample performance figures along with connection statistics for 45 active participants during an audit week. Describes technical problems experienced and end-user requested features and end-user perceptions and opinions of TayNet and the Internet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 64-70 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Explains how the NASA Technical Report Server, a World Wide Web report distribution NASA technical publications service, has been modified for performance enhancement, greater protocol support and human interface optimization. Results include: parallel database queries, significantly decreasing user access times by an average factor of 2.3; access from clients behind firewalls and/or proxies which truncate excessively long Uniform Resource Locators; access to non-Wide Area Information Server (WAIS) databases and compatibility with the Z39-50.3 protocol; and a streamlined user interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 90-92 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Looks at the possible directions in which the information superhighway could take us, considering both the benefits of increased knowledge and subsequent increased participation and also the dangers such as the excess of raw information. Suggests that this information needs to be structured and packaged if it is to have a positive effect. Considers these points in a global sense in terms of humanity as a whole.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 5-18 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Suggests that the discussion of online payments, while ultimately being a key issue for the future Information SuperHighway, is as significant now as it ever will be. The explosive increase in the use of the Internet has seen the emergence of commercial services and pressures previously restricted to Compuserve and the like. Many predictions see this burgeoning electronic marketplace becoming a significant component of the world economy. However, this can only happen once two key problems have been addressed, namely, protecting property rights, and making payments. This has led to a frantic battle for payment mechanisms that can provide the new medium with the means of conducting transactions. Identifies the key commercial requirements that successful use of the Internet will impose on a payment mechanism. Identifies the different types of mechanisms that are proposed, on trial or in use on the Internet. Evaluates each of these mechanisms against the requirements to determine which (if any) are really suitable for electronic commerce.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 85-89 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: An estimated 30 million people make use of the Internet not only for electronic mail (e-mail), but also to peruse databases, view photographs and videos and find travel information and weather reports. Innovative data systems managers can offer business solutions by integrating the capabilities of the Internet into their business environment. The Internet offers vast communication resources to enhance product development and system support. Offers an introduction to the communication resources of the Internet and provides several specific examples of business solutions in the areas of e-mail communications, business applications software support, system design and databases. An awareness of these global solutions by today's managers may stimulate an increased appreciation of the power of electronic communications and an encouragement of co-operative work, using electronic media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 19-23 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Explains that an on-line ISO 9001-based management system has been developed using the World Wide Web (WWW), a hypermedia system and part of the Internet. Subject matter is presented as an alphabetical list of linked encyclopedia-style entries. Numerous navigational techniques are available, and the system allows the user several different routes to particular information. ISO 9001 and Tickit cross-references are incorporated, together with linked process diagrams, a topic-based change log and electronic forms. The level of detail presented on screen may be controlled by users.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 24-30 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Suggests that with the increasing sophistication and complexity of Web sites, and the prospect of serious business being done through them, a review of the legal aspects of the site should be an integral part of the site design process. Discusses different ways of setting up a Web site, some of the legal consequences that attach to each and some ways of managing the risk of liability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 31-40 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: By the year 2000 over a billion people will be connected to the electronic network commonly known as the Internet. Already the Internet can easily be accessed by anyone who has a reasonably configured PC with Netscape Mosaic software and a modem. This network constitutes a whole new marketplace in its own right. Already thousands of firms are marketing their products and services on the Internet. Asks will marketing change in this new electronic environment? Will firms and their networks change as they become involved in this new environment? Suggests there is some evidence that the traditional manipulation of the marketing mix has to be modified for the new environment, value chains may become multidimensional and significant disintermediation may occur as customers link directly electronically with their suppliers. Discusses these issues emphasizing transformation of firms and their networks as they move into the new electronic environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 41-63 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Investigates whether faculty who use computer mediated communication (CMC) achieve greater scholarly productivity as measured by publications and a higher incidence in the following prestige factors: receipt of awards; service on a regional or national committee of a professional organization; service on an editorial board of a refereed journal; service as a principal investigator on an externally funded project; or performance of other research on an externally funded project. Also investigates whether faculty who use CMC at less research-oriented institutions realize disproportional benefit from their use of CMC. Data were collected in Fall 1994. A positive relationship was found between the frequency of use of CMC and publications, including coauthored publications. CMC users also had a higher incidence of prestige factors. In addition to statistically significant relationships between CMC use and productivity measures, faculty judged CMC to be of some utility to their productivity. Nevertheless, there did not appear to be a "democratizing effect" which would yield disproportionate benefit to those from less research-oriented institutions.
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 64-74 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Explains that a corporate Web application is a corporate information system that uses World Wide Web technology to provide easy access to a wide variety of corporate information resources for internal and external users on a wide variety of platforms in geographically distributed locations. Corporate Web applications go beyond corporate web pages in that they serve a specific set of business objectives beyond providing a presence on the World Wide Web. As with all types of information systems, there are two approaches to Web application development: top-down and evolutionary. Evolutionary development is exploratory and appropriate for learning about the technology and the application domain. However, evolutionary development leads to complex applications that are difficult to use and difficult to maintain. Top-down development organizes the complexity of these applications and produces applications that can: meet business objectives; be developed by a programming team; and be maintained by people other than the developers. Provides a methodology for top-down development of corporate Web applications.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 75-78 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Points out that there is a growing trend to delivering more efficient and more effective products and services with fewer and fewer resources. This trend is reflected in both the commercial and government sectors. The Internet is being viewed as the vehicle that could resolve many of these business delivery challenges. With the advent of public key security and certification, the transition from current business delivery to future Internet-based systems is now possible. Deals with how public key cryptography may be used for business applications in the future, and also considers the theoretical applications of public key technology and certification processes. Examples of current technical solutions will be addressed in a future paper.
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 79-81 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Suggests that one reason for the relative lack of commercial success of the information superhighway may be lack of precise information. This has led Ernst & Young to provide a thorough appraisal of the benefits and associated risks. Summarizes the concepts managers need to understand in order to assess the impact of the information superhighway. Outlines some steps managers can take in order to ensure that their organizations are prepared for future changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 82-84 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes how one company, National Semiconductor Corp., has take a major step forward maximizing the potential of the Internet for its own benefit. Explains how the company began by studying and identifying its customer base. They then developed a means of using the Web to identify the information their customers required, and supplying it. Outlines the advantages of this method of disseminating information over traditional methods.
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 63-66 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the problems and triumphs encountered while setting up Marcel, a prototype electronic document delivery system being tested at the University of Northern Colorado, USA; and the progression from sending MIME messages to each other, and then to individual patrons. Touches briefly on software and hardware requirements and availability. Finally, looks at this pilot project's future potential.
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 5-12 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The schools of information studies of today place training for work in distributed computing environments at the core of the curriculum. However, this was not the case ten years ago. Looks, therefore, at the current role of traditionally trained librarians. Focusses on the experience of the University of Michigan Library's Documents Center, and how the collection development principles learned for selection of traditional library media apply today to selecting Internet materials.
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  • 30
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 67-76 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Image processing technologies are offering considerable potential for library and information units to extend their databases by the inclusion of images such as photographs, paintings, monograph title-pages and maps. Discusses problems and potential solutions in a structured fashion based on categories of thesauri (text and visual), hybrids, description language and automatic content analysis, with state-of-the-art examples.
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Training for quality 4 (1996), S. 20-26 
    ISSN: 0968-4875
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Defining "quality" can be confusing. There are numerous possible interpretations, especially in the service sector. Despite this, quality is seen as a major factor in customer acquisition and retention. Describes a model of service quality based around operational issues, directly relevant to issues of staff skills and training; and based on three dimensions of outcome/process, hard/soft and objective/subjective, giving a total of eight service types. Developed from survey data and in-depth interviews with staff and customers carried out within retail banking, it is suggested that the operations orientation makes it universally acceptable. Concludes that the benefits to the organization from a correct match between staff skills and customer expectations include a higher and more consistent perceived quality by customers, and, very probably, a greater level of job satisfaction among staff.
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  • 32
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    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Training for quality 4 (1996), S. 40-42 
    ISSN: 0968-4875
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reports on PT Caltex Pacific Indonesia's journey towards total quality management; a journey which began in 1985. Details the various steps the company has taken and reports briefly on some of the results of this major programme. Notes factors which the company believes have contributed towards the success of the programme and outlines some future goals for the company on this continuing journey.
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Training for quality 4 (1996), S. 40-43 
    ISSN: 0968-4875
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Discusses an investigation currently being undertaken into the implementation of total quality management in the engineering directorate of Anglian Water Services Ltd. Identifies the need to measure the effectiveness of the execution of total quality in the company and feed back any recommended changes to enable improvements to be put into effect. A holistic approach to the measurement of the effectiveness of TQM is required not only to investigate and measure the "harder issues" such as structure, strategy and systems of an organization, but also the "softer issues" such as values, beliefs and behaviours (the effects of instigating the harder issues).
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  • 34
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Training for quality 4 (1996), S. 32-34 
    ISSN: 0968-4875
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Suggests that auditing has been viewed by its recipients throughout history as a negative process. This perception results from how the audit is conducted, who conducts the audit, and the findings of the audit. Proposes to outline the role of internal auditing in transforming an organization into a more preventive and proactive organization. Addresses auditing from a prevention focus and puts forward a positive approach to auditing that maximizes its role in process improvement. Concludes with a summary of several key points to be addressed in generating this transformation,
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  • 35
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Training for quality 4 (1996), S. 6-11 
    ISSN: 0968-4875
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Discusses Shewhart's control charts and how they have been confined traditionally to the shopfloor in manufacturing industry. Contends that now practitioners are leading a growing interest in the charts' wider application in areas such as sales, marketing, customer service, and inventory management. Shewhart discovered that variation in a process can result either from common causes (part of the process) or special causes (not part of the process). Shewhart's charts enable us to learn about processes and improve them with the aid of his plan-do-study-act continuous improvement cycle. Research conducted in Japan showed that companies which won the Deming Prize consistently outperformed the averages in financial measures for the industry.
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  • 36
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Training for quality 4 (1996), S. 25-31 
    ISSN: 0968-4875
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Contends that Deming's philosophy for management is imperfectly understood. Unlike just a few years ago, very many people have now heard of W. Edwards Deming, and know something of his philosophy for management. But "something" is, in most cases, far too little. His work is sometimes dismissed as "just statistics" or even as no more than statistical process control. Another common false impression is that his philosophy is "summarized by the 14 Points". And one of the few things to continue to irritate him until his death in December 1993 was any attempt to connect him with "TQM"! Agrees that all such diminutions trivialize his legacy to us. His work was not only much larger than any of these imply: it was genuinely of a higher dimension. He said of the two books by his great mentor, Walter Shewhart, that a "century will pass before people in industry and in science begin to appreciate the contents of these great works". The ominous truth is that the same could well be true of Deming's own two great books on management. Fears that we cannot afford to wait that long.
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  • 37
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 27-32 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Librarians can provide leadership in the era of networked information retrieval by developing subject-specific guides to Internet resources. The traditional skills of librarianship, which include the identification, selection, evaluation, description and organization of information resources, are proving to be highly valuable in the Internet environment. A collection of these topical guides is currently accessible through the Clearinghouse for Subject-oriented Internet Resource Guides. The success of this clearinghouse demonstrates the demand for value-added collections of Internet information. Provides step-by-step instructions for selecting a topic, conducting online research and building a useful subject-specific guide.
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 37-41 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes the origin, development and evolution of Nebrask@ Online, a computer-based electronic information and communication service, created by the Nebraska Library Commission. The 1991 Nebraska Information Partnerships Conference led to new alliances involving the Library Commission and the creation of this online service. Describes experiences in operating an online service and options considered for network development. A public/ private partnership emerged as the model for network management services for access to Nebraska state government information.
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    Training for quality 4 (1996), S. 7-11 
    ISSN: 0968-4875
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Discusses the characteristics of an empowered organization and what has led to the increasing popularity of empowerment. Asks whether it is simply empty management rhetoric or a practical tool for change. Describes the benefits to the customer from this approach and what empowerment means to the employee. Concludes that to be successful, empowerment needs to take place in a supportive framework, with management buy-in at all levels and help being given to managers so they become coaches and facilitators. Also training alone is not sufficient but may need other tools, such as team building, creating one right culture and reward and recognition programmes.
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    Training for quality 4 (1996), S. 27-31 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Demonstrates the training value of a new computer-aided learning package, SQCC_ATT. Control charts are used extensively in quality management, and computer simulation provides a valuable facility for generating charts under a variety of different working assumptions. Warns about the potential for misuse of control charts by untrained and inexperienced staff. Concludes that specialist simulation games are likely to play an increasingly important role in training in management control techniques.
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    Training for quality 4 (1996), S. 14-18 
    ISSN: 0968-4875
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Discusses training, development and quality cultures in organizations. Contends that deskilling the workforce in order to improve efficiency and productivity is at odds with creating a quality culture. Explains why a quality culture is important and how one may be achieved.
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    Training for quality 4 (1996), S. 30-33 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: How do we measure leadership? How do we measure success? Does the real measure of success escape analysis? According to John Wooden, team success is dependent on the individual success of each team member. Conversely, each team member's success is dependent on the success of the whole. Presents Wooden's definition of individual success as the "peace of mind which is the direct result of self-satisfaction in knowing you did your best to become the best you are capable of becoming". John Wooden devoted his life's work to explaining how to coach people to achieve that peace of mind, that success. His methods produced winning teams for decades. His formula for coaching provides a classic model for today's business leader by showing how to build a winning business team, one that will endure through the continual uncertainty of today's business environment. Explores the essential building blocks of coaching in Wooden's style of leadership, and how they can be applied to the business environment.
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    Training for quality 4 (1996), S. 11-15 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Claims that every successful corporate culture has to have a unifying factor which makes the company distinctive. Looks at American Express, which, it suggests, has a central culture of focusing on the customer. Examines how American Express places its focus on the customer and the benefits of doing so. Concludes that by empowering its employees and encouraging them, a firm will not have trouble in developing good employee relations.
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    Training for quality 4 (1996), S. 35-39 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Argues that a full display of creativity is indispensable, not only for developing new products and technology, but also for managing any business for future development, if it is to result in market growth and profitability. Work standardization, on the other hand, is stressed in the ISO 9000 Series Standards to raise work efficiency and to ensure product quality. Although both elements of creativity and standardization are considered indispensable for corporate management, they are thought to be mutually exclusive, because the remaining space for creative work is reduced along with the progress of work standardization. Demonstrates, on the contrary, that they are complementary.
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    Training for quality 4 (1996), S. 16-24 
    ISSN: 0968-4875
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Believes that an urgent need for in-depth understanding of the relationship of staff development to education quality exists in current educational reforms, policy making, and teacher education. Based on the existing knowledge of education quality, quality management and effective schools, aims to propose a framework to show how staff development can be designed and managed to contribute to the assurance and enhancement of school education quality from the perspective of seven multimodels of school education quality. Different models emphasize different aspects of school education quality and propose different strategies to enhance it. For ensuring long-term school education quality in a changing educational environment, staff development can be organized and managed according to the major concerns of multimodels. Proposes some practical considerations for designing and implementing school-based staff development.
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    Training for quality 4 (1996), S. 18-19 
    ISSN: 0968-4875
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Considers the Investors in People programme and the quality standard ISO 9002 and suggests that many companies approach these standards in an exclusive manner, seeking accreditation to one or the other; few companies consider the merits of concurrently running accreditation programmes to both. Discusses the advantages to be gained from both and gives advice on implementing programmes which will conform to the standards' requirements. Concludes that combination of the two standards leads to a company gaining the best of both worlds; by developing individuals within the operation so that they may contribute fully to the success of the business, and by setting the appropriate standards to follow, in order to provide the customer with a consistently high quality product.
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    Training for quality 4 (1996), S. 5-13 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reports on the production of integrated circuits - a cyclical process consisting of a large number of operations, the results of which are measured, where possible - in a large, Dutch IC factory. The measurements are analysed by the process and equipment engineers using DATA, a statistical analysis system. This process analysis is intended for the analysis of process problems and for monitoring and optimizing the production process. The automation section, which is responsible for DATA, had stated that DATA was not being used optimally and that too few of the engineers were using it. The management had the impression that DATA should be more intensively used in order to meet the ever-increasing requirements which the clients put on process control. Seeks to determine the causes of the problem, how the problem could be classified, and whether there was a need for training. On the basis of needs analysis, concludes that the situation involved a performance problem for which a solution had to be found. The needs analysis has also led to a clear description of the need for training among the target group. Reports that, subsequently, on the basis of these results a training programme was developed and implemented. Concludes with an evaluation of the impact of this training programme on the use of the DATA system.
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    Training for quality 4 (1996), S. 25-29 
    ISSN: 0968-4875
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Attempts to show that, while ISO 9000 is part of total quality management, the organizational culture that is suited to ISO 9000 is not suited to the other aspects that make up total quality. Total quality is a balance between these factors such that, if the pull in one direction is too strong, the balance will be lost. Finally, contends that it is the inherent strength or inflexibility of the registration that has contributed to the failure of so many total quality initiatives.
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    Training for quality 4 (1996), S. 5-10 
    ISSN: 0968-4875
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Demonstrates a method of learning to solve problems, using Deming's system of profound knowledge. In the semi-final World Cup 1990, England lost to West Germany in the penalty shoot-out. The Italian team had a similar experience when they lost to Brazil in the World Cup final 1994. In an attempt to find the possible causes of defeats, identifies the common cause of this outcome as the training system. These two examples illustrate the effectiveness of the problem-solving method developed from Deming's idea of identifying the common cause of a problem.
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    Training for quality 4 (1996), S. 23-31 
    ISSN: 0968-4875
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents the second of a series of three papers which look at best practice in the area of people management. The first paper analysed five case studies representing the fast moving consumer goods sector, the services and retail services sectors. Examines another five cases through secondary data examination, based on submission documents for awards. The companies concerned are all winners of prestigious quality awards such as the European Quality Award, the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, the British Quality Award and the Australian Quality Award. Combines the five sets of analyses from both primary and secondary sources. Concludes by highlighting key areas of best practice in people management.
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    Training for quality 4 (1996), S. 12-15 
    ISSN: 0968-4875
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents a strategy for companies to adopt when striving for eligiblity for the Baldrige Award. The Baldrige Award became the US standard of excellence due to the fundamental values that the guidelines provide by laying out the blueprint for quality. The word "quality" was used extensively in previous versions of the Baldrige criteria, and credit was given to organizations that had an impressive TQM progamme. However, that is not the case any more. In the 1995 Baldrige criteria, new standards now call for a balance between customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction, and business results. Quality as a separate effort is no longer given the credit that it was given in previous years. Companies with even advanced TQM programmes will find that they do not fare very well against the new standards unless their TQM is fully integrated with the daily running of the business. Considering eligibility for the Baldrige Award, shows how to obtain the award by providing a strategy used by previously successful organizations. Uses this strategy to develop a plan that integrates a TQM plan and a Baldrige plan into one company's overall plan. Then, the company's overall plan is generated into three different plan levels, namely the strategic, functional, and annual plans, based on different time frames and details. Finally, deploys the plans to various work units throughout the organization to guide business day-to-day activities.
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    Training for quality 4 (1996), S. 37-44 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents the final paper in a series of three, looking at best practice in people management. Papers I and II discussed best practice through direct primary examination and the scrutiny of secondary data sources, respectively. The examinations represented a group of organizations well experienced with the implementation of total quality management and, in the case of part II, the five organizations studied were all winners of prestigious quality awards. Presents critical areas for effective people management, in many instances supported by the findings of other studies. Also presents evidence of best practice as highlighted by this study and discussed in the earlier papers.
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    The @journal of product & brand management 5 (1996), S. 6-23 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: One of the most popular topics in American business today is reengineering. Rarely has such a misunderstood term been embraced so widely in theory and in practice. Numerous definitions and lists of key components to successful reengineering have confused managers as to what reengineering is in theory and in practice. Brings together the diverse literature and identifies clearly the activities, questions and process changes theorized to be necessary in reengineering efforts. In addition, reports the results of a survey designed to assess which of these purported activities, questions and process changes are, in practice, part of reengineering efforts as perceived by marketing professionals. Over 200 marketing professionals revealed their perception of firms' involvement in reengineering, and evaluated involvement in key activities, process changes and asking of fundamental questions. The results reveal interesting discrepancies between theoretical reengineering and reengineering in practice. Implies that reengineering may not be a black-and-white issue, but rather exist on a gray continuum.
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    The @journal of product & brand management 5 (1996), S. 24-33 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A critical concern for corporations test marketing new products involves test market city evaluation. In order for test marketing to be successful, corporations must identify cities that offer a good fit with the firm's overall product strategy. Unfortunately, little has been written to aid corporations in making complex test city selection decisions. Presents a model that combines the concepts of marketing, the management science technique of goal programming, and microcomputer technology to provide managers with a more effective and efficient method for evaluating test cities and making selection decisions. Extends the existing literature on test market evaluation by applying a computer optimization model to test market evaluation in a way that has not been done before.
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    The @journal of product & brand management 5 (1996), S. 34-47 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Seeks to determine the adopter categories for a new product using an innovation diffusion model which assumes that the potential adopters of an innovation are influenced by two means of communication, namely the mass media (external influence) and word of mouth (internal influence). The literature contains many examples of studies devoted to the analysis of the diffusion of innovations, where an attempt is made to explain the characteristics of the different adopters according to the moment in time at which they acquire the innovation, the type of product (consumer durables, habitual) and the number of categories. The majority of these studies try to explain the behavior of the innovator as compared to that of the imitator, and very few of them differentiate between two or more adopter categories. Concentrates on a study of the diffusion of the glass-ceramic hob unit and attempts to explain the differences which exist between different categories of adopters.
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    The @journal of product & brand management 5 (1996), S. 5-23 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines the types and characteristics of the new forms of the brand management system in marketing organizations as identified in previous research and previous existing research on performance appraisal systems. Draws linkages between the two systems to provide a framework for maximizing individual product manager's performance, thereby maximizing overall organizational performance. Sets out a number of managerial implications and suggests areas for future research.
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    The @journal of product & brand management 5 (1996), S. 24-37 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Relates evidence which suggests that launching a vertical brand extension generally has a negative impact on the core brand because it dilutes the core brand image, advising that a brand extension should be introduced only when its profit potential exceeds the losses that will be sustained as a result of damage to the core brand. Describes two important tools which can reduce the dilution of the core brand image and/or enhance the success of a new brand extension introduction distancing, and information cues: Explains that, to reduce damage to a valuable core brand or to benefit a new step-up brand extension, the extension should be maximally distanced from the core brand; however, to benefit a new step-down brand extension (at the expense of the core brand), the extension should be positioned close to the core brand. Highlights how information cues that describe a brand extension can also act like distancing techniques, simply by serving to reinforce the similarities (implied closeness) or differences (implied distance) between the brand extension and the core brand.
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    The @journal of product & brand management 5 (1996), S. 38-47 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Explains the globalization of new products with the help of a global new product development model. Attempts to provide a framework for the new product development process, bearing in mind the increasing globalization of markets. Concludes that joint functioning of engineering, marketing, market research, R&D and management is needed from the first stage of product development.
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    The @journal of product & brand management 5 (1996), S. 48-60 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Looks at recent product development literature which cites the improving but troubling success rates of newly introduced products and recommends integrating customer input as early as possible. Notes that, while companies have adopted cross-functional product development teams, integrating customer input is uncommon. Suggests that, to increase product success consumers and other external information sources should be part of idea generation and should provide input throughout the rest of the product development process. Highlights several problems that exist which interfere with achieving that integration: many firms are not structured to gather, disseminate and exploit consumer preference data or their surrogates; and it is difficult to identify consumers who could provide ongoing interactive input. Reviews the relevant learning organization literature and relates it to the new product development process. Explores the successful lead user technique used in industrial marketing, describes its important components, and proposes a potentially useful extension - boundary-spanning product development teams. Describes boundary-spanning product development teams which are composed of internal cross-functional members and external members selected from suppliers, retailers and consumers.
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 77-90 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes how MCB University Press has started to come to terms with the metamorphosis which electronic publishing offers. Sees a future where interactive multimedia products and services are the norm and are quite differently distributed, based on new alliances from within but also from outside the traditional players. Explores how MCB's strengths might be used to succeed in the new frameworks and concludes that double-loop action learning is the only viable way ahead. Suggests that authors will be a constant point of reference and that networked desktop PCs and networked homes will open vast new markets to those who can re-present knowledge and information to gain and hold their attention. Outlines what MCB has done so far.
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 13-19 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Outlines the efforts of the state library of North Carolina to provide access to the Internet and to electronic information resources for libraries in the state. The major challenge of finding a cost-effective alternative to its statewide network, which was terminated by a 1993 legislative mandate, has led to opportunities to provide better services and resources by switching public libraries to point-to-point accounts and by migrating the state library's information resources to an Internet-accessible workstation.
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 20-26 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Argues that collection development libraries, because of their experience in the areas of collection, organization, evaluation and presentation, are uniquely qualified to create World Wide Web subject resource collections for an academic audience. By learning how to use Internet subject directories and searching sites, and by acquainting themselves with basic HTML tags, these librarians can create guides which can become valuable tools for all Internet users. In the process, they can also expand their own library collections by providing access to networked information which would have otherwise been inaccessible to their users.
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 33-36 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The information highway is changing our society in very dramatic ways. Argues that state libraries need to make it a priority item on their agendas. They need to provide leadership, promote collaboration and provide empowerment for local libraries. Observes that these three key elements, successfully applied, will position libraries and the library profession as leaders within their communities and their states.
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 42-47 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The information highway is a management issue with the same importance as information technology applications and information technology management. Deals with some critical issues which arise in the evolution of an information highway age and its alignment with the evolving management perspectives and strategies.
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 48-52 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: From a simple idea came a library network that only ever wanted to connect Marylanders to their libraries and the resources they offered. What SailorSM has become is a national model for public libraries and state planning telecommunications networks and library systems integration. Policies for network development of hardware and software, as well as content, are essential. Summarizes the design and implementation of a small, but critical, part of SailorSM, that of collection development of Internet resources.
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    Internet research 6 (1996), S. 53-62 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Many of the activities people perform with the Internet are new, and possibly could not have been conceived before the network became available. Describes innovative uses of the Internet by staff of two Australian universities. While the Internet provides opportunities for communication among its users, it poses challenges to the computing and information systems professionals who support them. It also presents librarians with the opportunity to apply their established skills as educators, information managers, custodians, information providers and change agents in their work with Internet users.
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    The @journal of product & brand management 5 (1996), S. 6-18 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: States that the ongoing success of a mature product depends largely on the product manager's ability to identify creative new ways to market the product. Suggests that one reason why many marketing programs lack creative initiatives is that product managers operate under significant time pressure, and time pressure kills creativity. Highlights four business practices (formal planning process, use of teams, interaction with other functional areas, experience with the product category) which were expected to help product managers to cope with time pressure. Finds, however, through a survey of consumer goods product managers, that only experience with the product category worked as expected. Concludes, therefore, that top management must directly reduce time pressure by examining policies on practices such as frequent product reassignment and downsizing, and the proliferation of line extensions.
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    The @journal of product & brand management 5 (1996), S. 19-28 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Points out that, although blind tests have generally revealed that consumers can detect little difference between store brand and national brand products, private brands still only have a small market share (14.9 percent). Using an environmental psychology model as the study framework, which postulates a stimulus-response process, examines the effects of store atmosphere on consumer evaluations of private brand grocery products. Analyzes the results which show that store aesthetics do influence consumer perceptions of store brand quality. Discusses the managerial implications of the findings and the limitations of the study, and makes suggestions for future research.
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    The @journal of product & brand management 5 (1996), S. 40-55 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Contends that adapting consumer products to foreign market tastes is one of the more difficult challenges facing international marketers; the stakes are high, with even minor cultural mistakes resulting in lost sales and corporate embarrassment. Chronicles how one company in the global greeting card industry developed its international marketing strategy. Uses a Delphi panel of company managers to identify key factors in the product adaptation process. Draws on corporate expertise to pinpoint key similarities and differences between the US home market and prospective foreign markets. Concludes that where there were major similarities, prospects were deemed good for global standardized strategies. Where there was great diversity among key indicators, a multinational country-by-country approach was followed.
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    The @journal of product & brand management 5 (1996), S. 29-39 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Provides a new way to look at competitive brand strategy through analysis of switching, where the only data required are market-level brand-switching matrices. The parameters indicate, for each brand, the degree to which it insulates itself from competition. Shows empirically that this insulation is characteristic of both market leaders and market nichers. Compares results across eight data sets which range from consumer packaged goods to services to durables. Suggests that, by applying this method to panel or survey data, managers can better map out long-term marketing strategies such as product design, segment targeting and advertising campaigns, and gives some examples of how this can be carried out.
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    The @journal of product & brand management 5 (1996), S. 6-18 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Asks which product qualities are decisive for the satisfaction of the customer and which features merely prevent dissatisfaction. Proposes Kano's model of customer satisfaction for answering these questions and for drawing conclusions for the management of product development. In his model, Kano distinguishes between three types of product requirement which influence customer satisfaction in different ways when met: must-be requirements, which are basic criteria of a product - if these requirements are not fulfilled, the customer will be extremely dissatisfied; one-dimensional requirements, where customer satisfaction is proportional to the level of fulfillment, the higher the customer's satisfaction and vice versa; and attractive requirements, which are the product criteria which have the greatest influence on how satisfied a customer will be with a given product. Attractive requirements are neither explicitly expressed nor expected by the customer.
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    The @journal of product & brand management 5 (1996), S. 19-28 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Using a sample of 872 shoppers and data for 14 products, tests the degree to which extrinsic cue reliance differs between "store brand" versus "non-store brand" prone consumers. Results indicate that store brand prone consumers exhibit significantly less reliance on extrinsic cues in quality assessment. Reliance on brand name had an especially strong effect in forming taste expectations. Price reliance had a marked effect in determining perceptions of quality and reliability of ingredients. Discusses the implications for management.
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    The @journal of product & brand management 5 (1996), S. 29-42 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Despite the long term decline in per capita consumption, eggs remain an important staple in the British diet. Having recovered from the salmonella scare in 1989, the image of eggs has suffered in recent years due to the growing awareness of (and concern over) diet and health, and bird welfare. Finds evidence drawn from a consumer market research study which highlights the importance of effective marketing communication and the potential for adding value to the basic British egg.
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  • 74
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    The @journal of product & brand management 5 (1996), S. 43-54 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Claims that, as an addition to the product manager's set of tools, performance-importance analysis can provide insight into customer perceptions. Managers can use a combination of performance perceptions along with importance ratings to understand the relative success of product features. Plots importances for product features of an analytical instrument against the product's pre-introduction expectations and post-product-test satisfactions. Considers product design issues as well as positioning strategy. Changes in evaluations ("expectations" to "satisfactions") as well as competitive positioning demonstrated the flexibility of the method.
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    The @journal of product & brand management 5 (1996), S. 55-67 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In the mature stage of product and technology life cycles, major breakthroughs in performance are difficult to achieve. However, a series of small incremental improvements may cumulatively make a significant difference. At this stage, execution of the best organizational practices becomes even more important. Uses team New Zealand's extremely successful 1995 America's Cup program to illustrate how these practices and success factors can be brought together in an effective high technology product design process. Identifies these factors and practices as high quality human assets, participatory leadership, sufficient resources, a climate of innovation, external scanning, interactive involvement with sophisticated users, and technology strategy and competitive strategy match.
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  • 76
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    Industrial and commercial training 28 (1996), S. 18-23 
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Describes how environmental training is increasingly being recognized as a crucial element of any corporate, environmental strategy. In turn, corporate strategies will be an essential component to the achievement of sustainable development. But how do companies respond to the need to change the everyday practices of staff at all levels? Introduces a three-layered approach to environmental training. Also examines the evolution and progress of two very different new training products. First, Expert Training Systems plc joined forces with BTCV Enterprises to create a Developing People Programme using the outdoors and incorporating specified environmental projects. More outdoor development suppliers are now offering such packages and they are selling well. Second, Earthwise, produced in 1995 in collaboration with ICI, Sheffield Hallam University and Sanderson CBT, provides an interactive toolkit approach to exploring the environmental aspects of producing a fictitious plastic, "prolene". The product requires the user to assume a decision-making role through a matrix of six main issues and 21 sub-issues. At each sub-issue there are over 34 events, 200 pieces of advice on offer, over 200 generic principles and around 122 possible courses of action.
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    Industrial and commercial training 28 (1996), S. 28-32 
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Describes the personal skills which will be needed to generate a 21st-century mindset. Business, economics and society are changing at an extraordinary speed. To succeed, all of us - including our leaders and managers - need to learn faster, think smarter and break free of confining assumptions and old attitudes. Presents an American's opinion on how to change our perceptions of and cope with new economic realities.
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  • 78
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    Industrial and commercial training 28 (1996), S. 19-25 
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Suggests that there are many dilemmas facing the aspiring learning organization and true commitment to its principles is a way of integrating the false dichotomy of "concern for the task" versus "concern for the people". Each organization's journey in learning endeavour will be different. How to understand, release and apply the powerful pragmatism of the learning organization is the key to success. Begins by exploring some key concepts based on action research and studies into the learning organization. Describes a model of learning culture, an associated learning culture survey and how this translates into a flexible programme of organizational development. Concludes by considering how this methodology may be posited as a useful investigation, analysis and measurement tool within an overall framework of organizational development.
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    Industrial and commercial training 28 (1996), S. 3-7 
    ISSN: 0019-7858
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Describes three ways to build teams. Details outline designs based on data, relationships and purpose. Discusses their advantages, disadvantages and appropriateness and illustrates by case examples. Also provides methods of building teamworking between teams, and therefore the organization as a team.
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    Industrial and commercial training 28 (1996), S. 19-25 
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Describes a process of management learning and development involving over 100 senior public sector managers in the States of Guernsey and covering a period of six years. Details the programme's content and action learning approach which had much in common with many other management development processes. However, highlights the fact that it involved the whole spectrum of public sector activity (from policy making, service purchasing and service providing to utilities trading) and that more than 20 chief executives and their senior management teams participated in the process, which makes it somewhat unusual. Reports that, in the wake of the programme, a fundamental shift in the "doing of management" would appear to have taken place, involving a willingness to share resources, to break out of silos and to experiment across previously well-defended boundaries; and notes that it has also generated a healthy appetite for further learning.
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    Industrial and commercial training 28 (1996), S. 13-16 
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Analogies are used in all walks of life to help relate ideas, theories and feelings to other people. Uses cricket is used as an analogy to help throw light on the various aspects of business. These include strategy, marketing and sales principles. Also discusses leadership as well as the roles people play in teams (LIFO, life orientations) and how they may be influenced (influencing inventory). Examines the power, role, task and people types of culture in relation to the various different levels of cricket as well as the roles (Meredith Belbin) that the captain has to play in a typical league side. Discusses ethic, as cricket can offer an early introduction to dilemmas.
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    Industrial and commercial training 28 (1996), S. 7-10 
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Emphasizes the need for customer care to be a part of an ongoing business strategy rather than a short-term training need. Shows that if customer care is treated as strategic, it moves into the realm of top management and, hence, becomes a leadership issue. Stresses the role of the internal customer and the impact top management can have on customer care by addressing internal hygiene issues.
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    Industrial and commercial training 28 (1996), S. 5-8 
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Explains how most people with managerial responsibility have a specialist background. Also, most management may be undertaken by "hybrids" who combine specialist activity and managerial responsibility. Unless the process of converting specialists into part-time or full-time managers is carefully planned, management responsibilities may be neglected in favour of specialist activity. Key interventions are in the areas of role definition, selection, management development and monitoring.
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  • 84
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    Industrial and commercial training 28 (1996), S. 22-27 
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Considers companies' increasing demand for "just-in-time", "just-for-me" training to meet the need for cost-effective and performance-focused competitiveness. Examines how developments in technological communication can assist training delivery to match changing company objectives. Discusses the training implications of harnessing in-house e-mail facilities for creating better individual responsibility and empowerment for learning, particularly in cultures of high power distance. Suggests e-mail training can act as a catalyst for successful change-making by providing training with a minimum of delay and maximum of personal tailoring, while also helping to transcend the cultural divide between East and West.
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  • 85
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    Industrial and commercial training 28 (1996), S. 3-7 
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Seeks to help managers and human resource practitioners understand better why many change efforts (business process re-engineering, total quality management) often end in failure. Outlines an approach that can result in more change success. Explores the human side of change with a primary focus on the psychological reorientation that organizations and their people go through as they come to terms with change in their environments. The reorientation involves three key phases - endings, in-between times and new beginnings. Discusses each of these phases and their corresponding activities. Presents recommendations for effectively moving through each of the three phases and for achieving overall change success.
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  • 86
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    Industrial and commercial training 28 (1996), S. 16-18 
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Suggests that, in the current business environment, job security is not possible, nor is it desirable, since it limits opportunities. Outlines a framework for training and development which, on the one hand, maximizes the contribution employees can make to the company and, on the other, enables them to maximize their own personal development. Argues this will ensure that, in a business world of constant flux, these employees are always employable, and thus have their own personal security which in turn benefits the company.
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    Industrial and commercial training 28 (1996), S. 3-9 
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: It would be difficult to find a college or university business school that is not currently offering a training programme for small business. Yet despite the enthusiasm with which providers have entered the market, the take-up rates remain low. Examines the underlying reasons why this might be so and discusses the findings of a detailed survey of 400 small businesses residing in the county of Devon. Shows that education providers are out of touch with the market and, moreover, have a very negative image which must be overcome before small business training can be utilized to its full potential. Calls for greater co-operation between institutional providers and local Training and EnterpriseCouncils to ensure that this situation is rectified.
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  • 88
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    Industrial and commercial training 28 (1996), S. 10-14 
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Considers eight principles that make for effective learning events: congruence, trust building, having a clear purpose, emphasizing the positive, creating ownership, thinking about whole people, using a complete process and client centredness. These principles lead to events where people learn well because they are safe and supported and their experience is positive. Describes two successful learning events, a counselling skills course and a conference session that promoted understanding between governors, trainers and headteachers. The details of the training processes illustrate the practical use of the eight principles. Shows that it is essential to think about any training design from the trainee's point of view and shows a trainer how to do this.
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  • 89
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    Industrial and commercial training 28 (1996), S. 30-35 
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Proposes a new way of looking at learning that reflects the complexity and messiness of life. While inefficient learning habits are just that, the long-standing cycle, circle, wheel or spiral of learning theory is too neat and organized. Criticizes the Honey and Mumford approach to learning styles for adopting an approach to experience that is behavioural at the expense of the meaningful aspects of experience. Theorizing and experiencing are one action, not two. People are practical theorists. They use the learning elements of Kolb, Honey and Mumford, etc., but in a varying sequence. The result is rich and complex patterns. Action learning's theory of learning provides an example of this pattern. People often display this pattern in their knowing-in-action. The learning cycle is a convenient simplification that is best used for after-the-event reflection. Underlying these contrasting theories are two schools of thought - traditional analytic and interpretive science. Proposes the need to use interpretive science to develop action as thinking.
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    Industrial and commercial training 28 (1996), S. 26-31 
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents an outline of a highly-tailored management development process for the entire marketing group of Lloyds Bank's Insurance Services Division (LBIS) in which learning projects were a key feature. Discusses objectives of the projects for the directors, middle managers and junior managers involved, the areas and topics covered and the learning benefits achieved, both on a personal and an organizational level.
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    Industrial and commercial training 28 (1996), S. 17-23 
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Stresses the need for evaluation of management training and development. Distinguishes between single-loop learning (monitoring) and double-loop learning (evaluation). Suggests that evaluation throws up certain "quandaries". Why do most management development programmes espouse a philosophy that is rarely practised in the workplace? Why is management development placed so far from the organizational power base? Why is so little thought given to who provides programmes? Why does top management rarely partake of training and development? Why do managers want to learn new things by talking about old things? Should training and development critically consider organizational strategy? Why are programmes rarely evaluated? Such questions take us back to basic objectives and the fundamental differences between training and development.
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  • 92
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    Industrial and commercial training 28 (1996), S. 24-31 
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The first part of this article discussed the challenges of organizational development being transmitted into management education and training; setting up and operation of the Programme for Organizational Development in South Africa (PODSA), for non-governmental organizations. Explains some of the difficulties ensuing from departures from traditional academic procedures. This third and final part reviews the difficulties of accommodating PODSA with conventional academic assessment.
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    Industrial and commercial training 28 (1996), S. 24-28 
    ISSN: 0019-7858
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: States that owing to a vast change in commercial activity, organizational strategy and global competition, the skills needs in the organization of the 1990s are quite different from those needed 20 years ago. In consequence, training needs have changed as well. Examines whether women and men at similar organizational levels report the same training needs; whether women and men at different organizational levels report similar or different training needs; and whether training needs reported by the most senior organizational level convey something about the culture or strategic direction of the organization. Analyses data collected from an employee survey within a single large professional services firm. Discusses the results.
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    Industrial and commercial training 28 (1996), S. 16-21 
    ISSN: 0019-7858
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Explores the importance of training in communications to enhance one's business career. It is often taken for granted that a training in communications serves as an end in itself but such a training has far more implications than the communications graduate or management may realize. Indeed, the value of a training in communications permeates any organization. In spite of the growing awareness of training in communications, as seen from the numerous communication programmes in companies, and the value of communication in the workplace, it is sobering to note the low esteem in which communications professionals are held. Addresses this issue to emphasize the value of communications training and suggests how communicators can achieve better business success with the kind of training they have received.
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  • 95
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    Nutrition & food science 96 (1996), S. 11-13 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Outlines a health promotion programme run in conjunction with a local Asda supermarket in Ayr. The event focused on the store itself. Community dietitians were available for specific advice, and a team of student dietitians conducted evaluations, circulated special discount coupons, and handed out health promotion material. Throughout the store there were specific health messages following NACNE and COMA report guidelines. A treasure hunt and food pyramid both acted as additional activities for customers. Publicity prior to the event included local radio and press advertising. The event was evaluated as a success and shoppers said they would like more such events.
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  • 96
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    Nutrition & food science 96 (1996), S. 24-31 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Diets, notably diets aimed at weight reduction, appear regularly in women's general interest magazines. Recently there has also been an increase in publications aimed at health promotion or slimming, and in the availability of "slimming aids". The efficacy of some of these has been questioned, and concern expressed over the nutritional adequacy of some diets. Investigates the nutritional adequacy of nine diets drawn from a variety of publications. Most diets were aimed at weight loss, but some were promoted as a "new way of life", e.g. food combining. Energy levels supplied by all diets were below current recommendations, thus weight reduction would be the result of low energy intakes. Overall, the nutritional value of the diets was reasonable.The main concern was low iron intakes supplied by the Food Combining for Health diet, where the diet is followed for long periods.
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    Nutrition & food science 96 (1996), S. 9-13 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summarizes some key findings from surveys conducted by the National Dairy Council to establish attitudes towards nutrition and the provision of dietary advice among GPs and the general public. Examines the confidence of GPs in explaining terms and concepts relating to nutrition. Reveals uncertainty among both health professionals and the public. Looks at factors which affect people's ability to change their eating habits. Finally, considers ways to improve the situation, suggesting, for example, greater training in basic nutrition for medical students at undergraduate level and in-service training in nutrition for practice team staff by dietitians.
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    Nutrition & food science 96 (1996), S. 23-26 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Examines the health hazards presented by fraud in the food and drinks industry, and provides examples involving factors such as counterfeiting, re-labelling and substitution of inferior ingredients. Gives detailed information relating to impure olive oil in the USA and toxic rapeseed in Spain. Considers advances in methodology for detection of adulteration and methods for the prevention of fraud and adulteration. Notes the systems put in place by Nestlé and J. Sainsbury plc. Concludes that the competition between fraudsters and the food and drinks industry is likely to increase in the future, especially as the threat to consumer safety becomes more apparent.
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    Nutrition & food science 96 (1996), S. 48-51 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Reports the results of a Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food-funded research project which examined practical approaches to increasing vegetable consumption. Identifies ways of overcoming obstacles to increasing the consumption of both vegetables and fruits. Develops practical strategies for implementing the findings.
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    Nutrition & food science 96 (1996), S. 15-18 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Reports on a 1994 Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF)-funded review of literature on advertising and children's food choice. Identifies and details four main research areas: frequency and content of television advertising to children; purchase request behaviour; influence of advertising on food-related behaviour; and influence of advertising on attitudes and values.
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