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  • Angiosperms  (54)
  • Springer  (54)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 1985-1989  (54)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1988  (54)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (54)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Years
  • 1985-1989  (54)
  • 1935-1939
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution and systematic relationships in theTriticeae (Poaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 1-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticeae ; Systematics ; phylogeny ; cladistic ; phytogeography ; isozyme analyses ; chromosome pairing ; DNA analyses ; relationships ; molecular evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The evolution and taxonomic relationships in theTriticeae are discussed with the view to highlight aspects of this agronomically important group of plants, which may be of interest to molecular biology. Some of these aspects are addressed in more detail in adjoining papers in which specific genomic loci have been examined at the DNA sequence or isozyme level. Aspects discussed include the systematics and geographic distribution of theTriticeae species, isozyme and chromosome pairing studies on some of the species as well as more recent developments in DNA analyses. A survey of the systematics of theTriticeae indicated that the genomic system ofLöve is probably the most useful starting point for interpreting molecular data even though the system has many problems from a taxonomic point of view. The geographical distribution ofTriticeae species, using both published and unpublished data, suggested that information of this type taken together with the theory of continental drift provides a broad time-span for considering data from DNA sequence studies. The significance, and modes of analyses, of isozyme studies were assessed because they often provide valuable characters in determining relationships between species. The main character underlyingLöve's andDewey's analyses of theTriticeae, namely chromosome pairing, is discussed with particular reference to isozyme studies to show that in some cases, such as species ofHordeum sensu lato, consistent relationships are obtained. Finally, new developments in understanding chromosome structure are considered in relation to the above variables in the taxonomy and evolution of theTriticeae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936706
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  • 2
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    Occurrence of rye (Secale cereale) 350-family DNA sequences inAgropyron and otherTriticeae (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 65-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticeae ; Secale cereale ; Agropyron cristatum ; 350-family DNA sequences ; R and P genome ; in situ hybridization ; Nor-loci ; 5 S-DNA loci ; relationship ; chromosome pairing ; isozymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Evidence is presented that in the R and P genomes (Secale cereale andAgropyron cristatum, respectively) of theTriticeae there exist closely related 350-family DNA sequences in the terminal heterochromatin. This observation is compared to the relationships between these two genomes derived from a comparison of theNor and5 S DNA loci as well as the available data on morphological characters, chromosome pairing, and isozyme studies. It is concluded that the R and P genomes are not closely related and that the common presence of very similar 350-family DNA sequences reflects the parallel amplification of this family of DNA sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936710
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  • 3
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    DNA sequence analyses of the ribosomal spacer regions in theTriticeae (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 91-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticeae ; Ribosomal DNA spacer regions ; phenetic and molecular relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two regions of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were sequenced from a range of species from the tribeTriticeae. One region, the central spacer, was found to be more divergent in sequence than the other, the 18 S-spacer junction. Both regions contained sequences 20–30 bp long which were more highly conserved than the remainder of the region and their possible significance in rDNA expression is discussed. Phenetic relationships based on the sequence data were generally consistent with the relationships based on other criteria. Species possessing the S, E, J1J2, D, and B genomes clustered together, with the H genome species being the most distinct of those examined. The R, P, and V genome species occupy an intermediate position in the overall pattern of relationships. Some relationships differed in detail from those established by other parameters, for example the position of the N genome species, and explanations for discrepancies of this type are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936712
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  • 4
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    The flavonoids ofBalanites aegyptiaca (Balanitaceae) from Egypt (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Zygophyllaceae ; Balanitaceae ; Balanites aegyptiaca ; Chemosystematics ; quercetin and isorhamnetin glycosides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Six flavonoid glycosides: quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin-3-rutinoside; 3-glucoside, 3-rutinoside, 3-7-diglucoside and 3-rhamnogalactoside of isorhamnetin were extracted and identified from the leaves and branches of Egyptian material ofBalanites aegyptiaca. Only isorhamnetin: 3-rutinoside and 3-rhamnogalactoside were recorded from the fruits of the same plant.—Phytochemical aspects ofBalanites aegyptiaca and some genera ofZygophylaceae s. l. viz.Nitraria, Fagonia, Zygophyllum, Seetzenia andTribulus support its affinities with that family.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936042
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  • 5
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    Putative genome donors ofArachis hypogaea (Fabaceae), evidence from crosses with synthetic amphidiploids (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Fabaceae ; Arachis hypogaea ; Amphidiploids ; chromosome pairing ; genome ; putative ancestors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosome pairing, pollen and pod fertility in hybrids between cultivated tetraploidArachis hypogaea and 15 synthetic amphidiploids from 8 diploid species (7 of the A genome and 1 of the B genome) of sect.Arachis have been utilized for the identification of putative genome donors in the evolution of cultivatedA. hypogaea. These results, in conjunction with evidence from morphological similarities, phytogeographical distribution and some phytochemical features, confirm the segmental amphidiploid origin ofA. hypogaea. A. batizocoi andA. duranensis are suggested as the donors of the B genome and the A genome respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936041
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  • 6
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    Taxonomical investigations onHelleborus viridis s. l. (Ranunculaceae) in Northern Italy (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 181-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Ranunculaceae ; Helleborus viridis subsp.viridis and subsp.occidentalis ; H. odorus subsp.laxus. ; Range of distribution ; taxonomy ; Flora of Northern Italy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The taxon commonly namedHelleborus viridis in Lombardy (NW. Italy) differs from both, subsp.viridis and subsp.occidentalis, and is shown to fall within the variation range ofH. odorus subsp.laxus which has been reported so far for NE. Italy only. TrueH. viridis within Italy grows only in the Maritime Alps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936045
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  • 7
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    Typology of latex starch grains of certainEuphorbiaceae and their possible significance in systematics (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 189-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Euphorbiaceae ; Euphorbia ; Chamaesyce ; Latex starch grains ; phylogenetic and taxonomic implications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Latex starch grains of certain Indian species ofEuphorbiaceae belonging toEuphorbia, Chamaesyce, Pedilanthus, Synadenium andMonadenium have been studied. They exhibit distinct shapes in different taxa, i.e., rod, spindle, osteoid, dumb-bell and discoid. This helps i.a. in the taxonomic circumscription ofChamaesyce fromEuphorbia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936046
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  • 8
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    Germination behaviour in populations ofCapsella bursa-pastoris (Cruciferae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 35-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Cruciferae ; Capsella bursa-pastoris ; Adaptation ; germination behaviour in natural populations ; seed dormancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Germination behaviour of variousCapsella bursa-pastoris populations collected from Scandinavia, Middle Europe and the Alps, was tested in unheated, non-illuminated greenhouses (46 populations) and in growth chambers using 5–7 alternating temperature regimes (16 populations). For all populations, the influence of temperature on germination rate is straightforward: the higher the temperature, the greater the germination. Germination capacity, however, may depend on the geographical region. There is also a strong seed age effect on both, rate and capacity of germination. Once dormancy was broken, seeds from all populations were able to germinate over the entire range of temperatures. Some populations revealed a more or less pronounced temperature optimum for germination capacity, others germinated equally well over the entire temperature range. This indicates genetic heterogeneity between populations. However, no correlation between germinability and any environmental pattern was detected. The data indicate thatCapsella bursa-pastoris has adopted a germination strategy which includes a broad temperature tolerance. Germination of wildCapsella plants seems to be regulated by the factors contributing to the inception and breaking of dormancy which depend on pre- and postharvest conditions. Adaptation in germination behaviour inCapsella bursa-pastoris is different from that in other life history traits (flowering behaviour, growth form parameters).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936010
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  • 9
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    Differences in flavonoid constituents among the species ofFagonia sinaica complex (Zygophyllaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 87-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Zygophyllaceae ; Fagonia sinaica ; F. cretica ; F. tenuifolia ; Flavonoids ; chemosystematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eight flavonol glycosides were detected in the three species of theFagonia sinaica complex. They were fully characterized as the 3-glucosides of kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin, 3-rutinoside of quercetin and 3,7-diglucoside of quercetin and isorhamnetin. Two additional glycosides were partially characterized as a kaempferol 3,7-diglycoside and quercetin 3-diglycoside.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936015
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  • 10
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    Cytochemical heterochromatin differentiation inSinapis alba (Cruciferae) using a simple air-drying technique for producing chromosome spreads (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 158 (1988), S. 97-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Cruciferae ; Sinapis alba ; Chromosome banding ; chromosome spreading method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The fluorochrome and Giemsa chromosome banding patterns and the Ag-NOR histochemical staining ofSinapis alba are described. Two major types of heterochromatin can be distinguished, one of which contains GC-rich DNA. The observations are discussed as they relate to the known satellite DNAs ofS. alba. — A simple air-drying technique for producing spreads of plant mitotic chromosomes is presented. Different materials and staining techniques were tested showing that the method has wide applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936336
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  • 11
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    SC-formation in someAllium species, and a discussion of the significance of SC-associated structures and of the mechanisms for presynaptic alignment (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 158 (1988), S. 117-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Liliaceae ; Allium montanum ; A. oleraceum ; A. sphaerocephalon ; Meiosis ; chromosome pairing ; synaptonemal complex ; homologous alignment ; pairing initiation ; telosynapsis ; axial thickenings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Earlier observations on synaptonemal complex (SC) formation inAllium are supplemented by data from diploidA. sphaerocephalon, pentaploidA. oleraceum and allotetraploidA. senescens. Accumulating information about structures like lateral element thickenings and -doublings allows to draw conclusions about their nature. The occurrence of discrete intercalary and terminal homologous associations prior to synapsis is confirmed for a range ofAllium species and it is argued that they are a general phenomenon. Several hypotheses on homologous recognition and/or attraction are discussed in the light of the observations on homologous alignment inAllium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936338
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  • 12
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    Karyological stability and microevolution of a cell suspension culture ofBrachycome dichromosomatica (Asteraceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 158 (1988), S. 133-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Asteraceae ; Brachycome dichromosomatica ; Suspension cultures ; karyotype stability and mutation ; chromatin ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A long-term suspension culture ofBrachycome dichromosomatica (2n = 4) was induced from a cotyledon-derived callus. Subcultures were obtained every week up to three years. The bulk of the cultures displayed a stable diploid karyotype, while one cell line evolved with 2n = 5 chromosomes in the 86th reinoculation. No further chromosomal change occurred also in that cell line. It is assumed that the fifth chromosome is the expression of a trisomy 2. The chromatin ultrastructure was of the species-specific chromomeric type in the wild-type line, while the trisomic line displayed more condensed chromatin, what probably indicates a rather inactive state of the extra-chromosome.Brachycome dichromosomatica is suggested to represent an ideal species to follow-up karyotype stability and/or variation in cell culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936339
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  • 13
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    The position and growth of lateral roots on cultured root axes of tomato,Lycopersicon esculentum (Solanaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 158 (1988), S. 141-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Solanaceae ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Lateral root ; root primordium ; roots in vitro
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Root axes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) were cultured in vitro in three different concentrations of sucrose in order to vary their growth rate. Lateral root growth and the initiation of lateral root primordia were studied on each group of axes. Various aspects of primordium initiation, positioning, and emergence were quantified with a view to discovering variable and constant features of these processes. Variable parameters were the rate and frequency of root primordium emergence. Constant parameters, at least under the prevailing conditions, were the spacing between successive laterals and primordia, and the position of the primordia in relation to the vascular system. A model of primordium initiation is presented which combines controls determined by the divisional history of the potential primordium cell and by the vascular pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936340
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  • 14
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    Karyology and systematics of the genusAmbavia and otherAnnonaceae from Madagascar (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 158 (1988), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Magnoliales ; Annonaceae ; Ambavia ; Polyalthia ; Xylopia ; Chromosome numbers ; karyomorphology ; systematics and evolution in tropical woody plants ; Flora of Madagascar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract New chromosome counts and nuclei structures are reported forAnnonaceae species from Madagascar:Ambavia (2n = 14),Xylopia (2n = 16) andPolyalthia (2n = 18). This first generic count ofAmbavia and its nucleotypic parameters underline its long term isolation from the African continent and it should be regarded as an extremely distinct member of the basic stock of AfricanAnnonaceae. Some karyological similarities are found with the African generaCleistopholis (2n = 14) andUvariopsis (2n = 16) and the AmericanTetrameranthus (2n = 14, 28). The karyology ofXylopia is completely in line with previous results from the Palaeo- and Neotropics.Polyalthia has 2n = 18, and x = 9, probably the only base number within the whole genus. Fluorochrome and Giemsa-C-band patterns are identical with different congeneric species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936341
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  • 15
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    Chromosome numbers in AustralianEuphrasia (Scrophulariaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 158 (1988), S. 161-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Scrophulariaceae ; Euphrasia ; Chromosome numbers ; Flora of Australia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosome numbers for six Australian taxa ofEuphrasia have been determined. Improved staining techniques have shown that numbers for four of the taxa published previously by the first author were incorrect. The investigated taxa show high ploidy levels with an apparent base number of x = 11, the same as for the genus outside Australia.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936342
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  • 16
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    Pollen morphology of the cypripedioid orchids (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 158 (1988), S. 165-182 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; cypripedioid orchids ; Paphiopedilum ; Cypripedium ; Phragmipedium ; Selenipedium ; Pollen morphology ; sporoderm ; aperture ; exine ; intine ; evolution of the sporoderm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pollen morphology of the four traditional genera (Paphiopedilum, Selenipedium, Cypripedium, Phragmipedium) comprising the cypripedioid orchids indicates that the monads are sulcate, more or less smooth-surfaced, and covered by a non-acetolysis resistant layer called elastoviscin. Evidence from ultrathin sections of pollen grains shows that typical exine layers are present only inSelenipedium, modified inPhragmipedium and absent inPaphiopedilum and most species ofCypripedium; that a small, inconspicuous portion of the grain surface is constructed as a sulcus; and that the pollen grain wall acts as a sponge in rapidly absorbing water. Several instances of parallelisms between non-related families and among different groups of orchids are reported and new ideas on the evolution of theCypripedioideae are presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936343
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  • 17
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    C-banding patterns in the AustralianBulbine (Liliaceae): The annual group,B. semibarbata s. lato (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 1-17 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Liliaceae ; Asphodelaceae ; Bulbine semibarbata ; B. alata ; Heterochromatin ; C-banding patterns ; polyploids ; karyotype evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosome C-band patterns have been studied in 34 populations of the Australian annualBulbine group, which comprises 4x (2n = 26, 28), 8x (2n = 52, 54) and 12x (2n = 78) populations. The 2n = 26B. semibarbata populations have a simple, low heterochromatin pattern with very minor polytypic variation. The 2n = 28 populations, corresponding morphologically to a group given separate status asB. alata, are similar in pattern but exhibit pronounced enhancement of telomeric and, more particularly, centromeric dot bands. NOR heterochromatin and satellites are difficult to identify inB. alata but appear to occur in different positions from the 26-chromosome karyotype. Eastern Australian 8 x patterns are consistent with a proposed hybrid ancestry,B. semibarbata ×B. alata. Annual and perennial C-band profiles in the AustralianBulbine are discussed briefly in relation to the “additive” and “transformation” models of heterochromatin evolution and to the possible adaptive significance of variation in heterochromatin content.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937423
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  • 18
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    Floral evolution and phylogeny in the tribeThelymitreae (Orchidaceae: Neottioideae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 19-47 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Orchidaceae ; Neottioideae ; Thelymitreae ; Calochilus ; Epiblema ; Thelymitra ; Pollination ; floral mimicry ; deception ; evolution of orchids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Australian orchid tribeThelymitreae, composed ofCalochilus, Epiblema, andThelymitra, is unique in theOrchidaceae because of the presence of a mitra or staminodal complex. Evidence from floral structure suggests thatEpiblema andThelymitra are sister genera and thatCalochilus is derived from aThelymitra ancestor. A “Gene Pool Vortex” model and a hypothetical phylogeny illustrate that introgressive hybridization, allopatry, and long distance dispersal have played a major role in the evolution of the tribe. Pollination and hybridization in the tribe are discussed with major emphasis on floral mimicry.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937424
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  • 19
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    Distyly and incompatibility inVillarsia congestiflora (Menyanthaceae), with comparative remarks onV. capitata (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 81-83 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Menyanthaceae ; Villarsia ; Distyly ; incompatibility ; seed set
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Western Australian annual of restricted distribution,Villarsia congestiflora, has distylous flowers and pollen-size heteromorphism. Results of a crossing program indicate that this species is strongly self-incompatible, that crosses among individuals of the same morph produce little or no seed, and that intermorph crosses produce copious seed. The species shares a number of morphological and ecological traits withV. capitata, another distylous, self-incompatible annual species of Western Australia with a greater area of distribution. Artificial hybrids between the two, however, showed reduced pollen stainability. Both species combine a number of specialized morphological features with a breeding system that is primitive for the familyMenyanthaceae.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937426
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  • 20
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    Karyosystematics and evolution of AustralianAnnonaceae as compared withEupomatiaceae, Himantandraceae, andAustrobaileyaceae (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 49-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Magnoliidae ; Annonaceae ; Eupomatiaceae ; Austrobaileyaceae ; Himantandraceae ; Chromosome numbers ; banding patterns ; interphase nuclei ; DNA-content ; ecology ; systematics and evolution in primitive Angiosperms ; Flora of NE. Australia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosome counts are presented for 12 genera and 20 species of AustralianAnnonaceae (all diploid with 2n = 16 or 18; Table 1) and two species ofEupomatiaceae (2n = 20, partly from Papua New Guinea). Detailed studies on interphase nuclear structure, condensing behaviour of chromosomes, and fluorochrome and Giemsa C-banding patterns also includeHimantandraceae (Galbulimima) andAustrobaileyaceae. — Eupomatiaceae completely correspond withAnnonaceae karyologically, their base number 2n = 20 is interpreted to have evolved from 2n = 18 by ascending dysploidy from common ancestors.Eupomatia laurina andE. benettii differ in DNA and constitutive heterochromatin (hc) quantity; their evolution from high to low DNA content probably corresponds to general progressions inMagnoliidae. Austrobaileya has nuclei of the presumably primitive “Tetrameranthus type” which is closely related to that ofGalbulimima and several other primitive taxa inMagnoliidae. Karyomorphology and other characters support the maintainance of two main branches within theMagnoliidae, Laurales andMagnoliales, withAustrobaileya probably intermediate; theWinteraceae appear more remote.—InAnnonaceae the reestablishment ofAncana is underlined by its chromosome number (2n = 18) the unexpected and specialized disulcate pollen, and various morphological characters which point to a close alliance with the Australian endemic generaFitzalania andHaplostichanthus (also disulcate) and the American genus pairSapranthus/Desmopsis; they are united in the provisionalSapranthus tribe, with a more distant position toFissistigma s. str. (2n = 16). AustralianAnnonaceae exhibit a high generic and a low species diversity; they can be considered as an ± old and partly impoverished outpost of the family with phytogeographical relationships to Asia, Africa and America.—On the base of field observations three main types of floral development inAnnonaceae are proposed, the most elaborated one found in the fly pollinated genusPseuduvaria. The growth form change from shrubs to lianas during the ontogeny ofDesmos andMelodorum, the vegetative propagation of anAncana species and the ecological and evolutionary patterns of the taxa investigated are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937425
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  • 21
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    Pollination biology ofOpuntia polyacantha andOpuntia phaeacantha (Cactaceae) in southern Colorado (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 85-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Cactaceae ; Opuntia polyacantha ; O. phaeacantha ; Pollination biology ; phenology ; compatibility ; pollinator fauna
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phenology, compatibility system, and pollinator fauna ofOpuntia polyacantha Haw. andO. phaeacantha Engelm. in southern Colorado were studied and compared. The total blooming periods overlap, but the peak of blooming differs between the species withO. polyacantha blooming first and for longer. Neither species is apomictic,O. polyacantha is largely self-incompatible andO. phaeacantha is self-compatible but may not automatically fully self-pollinate. Examination of flowering structures showed that the former has larger flowers with more perianth parts and heavier (but fewer) anthers. Further the flowers of the allogamous species are visited by greater diversity (but similar abundance) of pollinators. Medium to large bees of the generaDiadasia, Lithurge, Melissodes, Bombus, Agapostemon andMegachile were found to be effective pollinators of the Opuntias studied. The two species were compared as to their floral attributes, breeding systems, and pollinators, and the possible role of competition for pollinators is discussed with respect to its role in their evolutionary paths.
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    Rotala cookii: A new species ofLythraceae from India showingHippuris syndrome (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 141-144 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Lythraceae ; Rotala ; “Hippuris syndrome”
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new aquatic species ofRotala (Rotala cookii) is described from Kerala, India. Growing in the flooded lowlands, along the coastal belt, the plant is a “Hippuris mimic”.
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    A new name and a new species in MexicanRuellia (Acanthaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 161-163 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Acanthaceae ; Ruellia mirandana nom. nov. ; R. tuxtlensis spec. nova ; Taxonomy ; flora of Mexico
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Based on pollen and floral morphology,Blechum grandiflorum is transferred toRuellia, and the nameR. mirandana is proposed for this species. A new species,Ruellia tuxtlensis, is described which is distinguishable fromR. mirandana by its longer spike and elliptic bracts. It is presently known only from the lowlands of Veracruz, Mexico.
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    Isoenzyme variation in the generaPhaseolus andVigna (Fabaceae) in relation to their systematics: Aspartate aminotransferase and superoxide dismutase (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 145-159 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Fabaceae ; Phaseolus ; Vigna ; Vigna subg.Catiang ; stat. nov. ; Aspartate aminotransferase ; superoxide dismutase ; isoenzymes ; systematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Evolutionary variation of aspartate aminotransferase and superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in 14 wild and cultivated species ofPhaseolus andVigna has been studied by electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. The American cultivated beans of the genusPhaseolus s. str.,P. vulgaris, P. coccineus, P. lunatus andP. acutifolius, form a homogeneous group with only minor isoenzyme variation. The genusVigna, on the contrary, proves to be heterogeneous in isozyme characters. Several clusters of taxa can be distinguished in close correspondence with modern treatments of the genus. The isoenzyme data support the inclusion of the Asian Azuki beans of subg.Ceratotropis inVigna, but argue against the transfer of the S. American speciesP. adenantha. The cowpea complexV. unguiculata s. lato of sect.Catiang forms an uniform and isolated group, distinct from other sections of subg.Vigna, and shows affinity toPhaseolus s. str. by some isoenzymes. It is suggested to removeV. unguiculata s. lato from subg.Vigna and to recognize it as a separate subg.Catiang (DC.)Jaaska & Jaaska, stat. nov.
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    Additional chromosome numbers inPelargonium (Geraniaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 165-171 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Geraniaceae ; Pelargonium ; Chromosomes ; karyotype evolution ; polyploidy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mitotic chromosome counts were made from field collected and subsequently cultivated plants of 61Pelargonium species from 14 sections. The 33 new results are presented. 47 of the species have a basic number of x = 11, nine spp. of x = 9 and five spp. of x = 8. 17 spp. are polyploid. In two sections species with different basic numbers occur, which is of interest for the subgeneric classification. The size of the chromosomes varies between the investigated species. Most but not all species with x = 11 have short, those with x = 8, 9 large, and only exceptionally short chromosomes. Within sections chromosome size is not always uniform. The relationship between the different basic chromosome numbers is discussed.
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    The reproductive biology of the genusBaldellia (Alismataceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 173-183 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Alismataceae ; Baldellia ; Reproductive biology ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The reproductive biology of the genusBaldellia was studied under cultivation and in nature.B. ranunculoides subsp.repens is self-incompatible whereasB. ranunculoides subsp.ranunculoides andB. alpestris are self-compatible. Bud-pollination occurs in theB. alpestris. Self-incompatibility correlates with the production of fewer, larger, more showy flowers, higher pollen production (but reduced pollen grain size), fewer carpels and smaller seeds. Resource allocation to sexual reproduction is inversely correlated with the degree of vegetative growth.B. ranunculoides subsp.repens produces more ramets than subsp.ranunculoides, which reproduces mainly by seeds.B. alpestris is intermediate between the two since it is self-compatible, produces fewer, larger seed than subsp.ranunculoides and is also able to propagate by vegetative means.
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    Cytotaxonomic analysis of the Himalayan species of the genusTorilis (Apiaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 185-192 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Apiaceae ; Torilis ; Cytotaxonomy ; phylogeny ; Flora of Kashmir Himalayas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosome studies of four HimalayanTorilis species reveal a remarkable interand intraspecific differentiation of chromosome numbers and karyotypes:T. arvensis (2n = 12),T. leptophylla (2n = 12),T. Stocksiana (2n = 36) andT. japonica (2n = 16). Base numbers inTorilis are x = 6, 8, 9 and 11.
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    The cytogeographical distribution pattern ofAllium (Alliaceae) in the Greek Peninsula and Islands (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 193-215 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Alliaceae ; Allium ; Distribution ; historical phytogeography ; chromosome number ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Greece is considered as a secondary centre of evolution for the genusAllium since it possesses about 50% of the species known from the whole Flora Europaea area. In the present investigation 44 GreekAllium spp. have been studied and new chromosome counts are reported from 40 populations and 17 species. The distribution of the different cytotypes (x = 7, x = 8, x = 11 and 2n = 2x, 3x, 4x, 5x, 6x, 7x) in Greece is discussed. From the four phytogeographical subdivisions recognized, South continental Greece shows the greatest species and karyotype diversity. This phenomenon is probably due to the geographical position and to the geological history of this area which has received species and populations from different directions. Subsequently, hybridization apparently has been of evolutionary importance.
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    Intergeneric relationships ofLolium, Festuca, andVulpia (Poaceae) and their phylogeny (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 217-227 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Lolium ; Festuca ; Vulpia ; Morphology ; protein electrophoresis ; numerical systematics ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Morphological and seed protein analyses of 26 species of the generaLolium, Festuca andVulpia confirmed their close systematic affinities. Six inflorescence characters readily differentiatedFestuca fromLolium. Protein similarities betweenFestuca of sect.Bovinae and cross-pollinated species ofLolium, coupled with cytogenetic and crossability data, substantiate that they should be united into one genus.Vulpia had phenetic similarities with sect.Scariosae, Montanae andOvinae ofFestuca. Lolium, Festuca, andVulpia are most likely derived from a common ancestral form which was close toFestuca pratensis andLolium perenne.
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    The karyotypes ofMicroseris bigelovii, M. douglasii, andM. pygmaea (Asteraceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 249-256 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Asteraceae ; Microseris bigelovii ; M. douglasii ; M. pygmaea ; Basespecific fluorochromes ; C-banding ; karyotype analysis ; silver-NOR staining
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The karyotypes of the three annuals,Microseris bigelovii, M. douglasii andM. pygmaea, consist of 2n = 18, small, submetacentric chromosomes. Length, centromere position, C-banding pattern, silver staining of NOR's, and the use of base specific fluorochromes, allow the identification of four of the nine chromosome pairs. The banding pattern ofM. bigelovii andM. pygmaea is identical, but intraspecific differences are found between strains ofM. douglasii.
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    Morphometric analysis of disjunctPapaver radicatum (Papaveraceae) populations in southern Norway (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 237-247 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Papaveraceae ; Papaver radicatum ; Canonical variates analysis ; cluster analysis ; geographic differentiation ; isolated populations ; Flora of Southern Norway ; the refugium controversy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Morphometric relationships between populations ofPapaver radicatum within the southern Norwegian mountains were investigated using canonical variates analysis andWard's clustering on capsule and leaf character sets. The survey describes patterns of variation among 13 wild-scored populations from five geographically disjunct localities, usually assigned to five races or subspecies. Our results from wild-collected material largely support earlier findings based on univariate statistics on cultivated material. In general, populations from within a disjunct locality (=subspecies) are most similar to other populations from the same locality. However, the subspecies vary in the degree to which they are differentiated in capsule morphology. The subsp.groevudalense populations are morphologically close to the main group of subsp.ovatilobum populations. Subspp.intermedium andoeksendalense are clearly distinct from one another and from the other subspecies, whereas the single subsp.gjaerevolli population is more similar to theovatilobum/groevudalense complex. Variation in leaf characters showed only partial congruence with variation in capsule characters. The pattern of morphological relationships among the subspecies is thus more complex than previously thought. The subspecies may have become differentiated during a period of isolation, but such results alone cannot indicate the duration of such a period.
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    Phenetic relationships inClerodendrum (Verbenaceae) and some phylogenetic considerations (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 257-271 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Verbenaceae ; Viticoideae ; Chlerodendrum ; Morphology ; numerical taxonomy ; phenetics ; phylogenetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cluster analyses by different methods and a minimum spanning tree were used to study phenetic relationships in the genusChlerodendrum. 129 species were scored for 52 morphological characters corresponding to 119 character states. The phenetic results suggest a classification into 7 distinct groups, which may be grouped into two subgenera. This classification is supported by the iridoid distribution as well as by some phylogenetic considerations.
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    Pollen-ovule patterns in tribeTrifolieae (Leguminosae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 195-205 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Fabaceae ; Leguminosae ; Medicago ; Trigonella ; Melilotus ; Trifolium ; Parochetus ; Ononis ; Pollen ; pollination ; ovule ; adaptation ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Relative pollen and ovule production in the genera of the legume tribeTrifolieae is explored particularly as to howMedicago with its explosive pollination mechanism compares with its allies.Medicago produces much larger, although much fewer pollen per ovule than the other five genera in the tribe; this is interpreted as a consequence of its highly specialized, irreversible pollination mechanism, which allows only one effective exchange of pollen with pollinators.Melilotus andTrifolium produce a comparatively large quantity of pollen; this can be related to their floral characteristics requiring abundant pollen to achieve fertilization. InMedicago andTrigonella, annuals convert a higher proportion of pollen grains and ovules into seeds than perennials.
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    Apomixis versus sexuality in blackberries (Rubus subgen.Rubus, Rosaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 207-218 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Rosaceae ; Rubus ; Apomixis ; pseudogamy ; crossing experiments ; meiotic disturbances ; pollen fertility ; seed set
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract InRubus L. a connection seems to exist between the degree of meiotic disturbances on the one hand, and the production of unreduced embryo sacs, pollen fertility and relative seed set on the other hand. Severe meiotic disturbances commonly encountered in apomictic taxa decrease pollen fertility and thereby seed set since pollen is necessary for endosperm development. By contrast interspecific hybrids between apomictic taxa appear to be sexual and exhibit high pollen fertilities, probably due to an improved meiosis. Thus, apomixis leads to a decreased fertility inRubus, not the opposite, as often discussed.
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    Perianth development inAngophora and the bloodwood Eucalypts (Myrtaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 219-239 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Angophora ; Eucalyptus ; bloodwoods ; Floral morphology ; perianth development ; operculum ; growth centres ; continuity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The petals ofAngophora flowers are compound structures consisting of two morphologically distinct components that develop along separate morphogenetic pathways. These two components are also evident in the corolline parts of the bloodwood eucalypts. In occasional flowers ofAngophora and some bloodwoods, several adjacent corolline primordia may become continuous due to interprimordial growth, but the petals are mostly free at anthesis. In other bloodwood eucalypt species all the primordia in the corolline whorl become continuous at some stage in development, resulting in an operculum that is anatomically unresolvable into its original petaline parts. The varying degrees of this continuity that are evident within individual trees (and even within single flowers) suggests that operculum formation is an epigenetic event that is determined by morphogenetic processes within the flower. It is suggested that these may relate to differing rates of growth in different regions of the bud.
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    Pollen evolution and systematics inAnnonaceae with special reference to the disulcate Australian endemic genera (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 1-12 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Annonaceae ; Ancana ; Fitzalania ; Haplostichanthus ; Fissistigma ; Disulcate pollen ; exine ultrastructure ; pollen evolution in primitive Angiosperms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract All genera ofAnnonaceae endemic in Australia (Ancana, Fitzalania, Haplostichanthus) show almost exactly the same type of disulcate (disulculate) pollen with intact exine extending over the sulci. Tetrad stages inHaplostichanthus andAncana reveal a latudinal subequatiorial orientation of the two sulci at the proximal hemisphere. Sometimes they fuse into a ±zonosulcate aperture.Fissistigma pollen grains are ±globose and have a flattened pole with a central elevation and a concentric groove, covered by a somewhat reduced exine. This palynological characters give further support for separating the generaAncana andFissistigma. Germination was observed inHaplostichanthus where the pollen tube emerges at one of the two sulci and inFissistigma where the flattened part breaks up during germination. The aperture types described here are obviously transitional stages between aperturate and inaperturate pollen grains and are discussed in regard to pollen evolution.
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    Biochemical and morphological evidence for host race evolution in desert mistletoe,Phoradendron californicum (Viscaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 13-21 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Fabales ; Viscaceae ; Phoradendron californicum ; Acacia greggii ; Prosopis glandulosa ; Electrophoresis ; allozymes ; isozymes ; host race evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Allozymes and morphological characters were used to test whether host race evolution—the genetic divergence of parasitic populations caused by adaptation to different host species—has occurred in desert mistletoe,Phoradendron californicum. Populations ofPhoradendron californicum from two hosts,Acacia greggii andProsopis glandulosa, were surveyed from the Mojave and Colorado deserts. Electrophoretic data indicated genetic differentiation of mistletoes occurring on these hosts. Three of four morphological characters (internode length, main shoot lateral shoot diameter ratio and berry color) also showed significant host-specific differentiation. These data support the hypothesis that host race formation has occurred or is occurring in this parasitic angiosperm.
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    A phenetic study ofFritillaria (Liliaceae) in Greece (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 23-34 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Liliaceae ; Fritillaria ; Numerical taxonomy ; phenetics ; Flora of Greece
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 40 population samples of 17 GreekFritillaria species were examined morphologically using 22 attributes carefully selected, with a high discriminating ability. Principal component analysis with a nearest neighbour directed network and cluster analysis were used to evaluate the phenetic similarities among the species. The evidence presented here suggests: (1) A close relationship betweenF. erhartii andF. obliqua and their possible origin fromF. bithynica. (2) A strong alliance betweenF. rixii, F. euboeica, F. carica, andF. drenovskii (groupF. sibthorpiana). (3) A link between theF. epirotica andF. graeca group and some affinities betweenF. pontica, F. gussichiae, andF. graeca. Finally it is proposed thatF. tuntasia be reduced to subspecific status asF. obliqua subsp.tuntasia.
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    Micromorphology of epicuticular waxes in Centrosperms (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 71-85 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Caryophyllales ; Centrospermae ; Cuticle ; micromorphology ; scanning electron microscopy ; systematics ; taxonomy ; wax
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Epidermal surfaces of about 500 species from some 250 genera of centrospermous families plus some possibly related families were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The micromorphology of their epicuticular waxes is described under taxonomic aspects. In general, Centrosperms tend to develop wax platelets on their cuticle. Shape and size of these platelets are highly diverse, but specific for some taxa. Particular forms of rodlets and thick wax plates occur only in few taxa. The systematic and taxonomic applicability of wax micromorphology is limited, but tentatively family characterizations are given. The data presented provide additional information concerning the familiar and suprafamiliar classification ofCaryophyllales.
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    Relationships betweenNor-loci from differentTriticeae species (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 77-89 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticeae ; Triticum aestivum ; T. timopheevi ; T. monococcum ; Dasypyrum villosum ; B, G, S, A, V genomes ; Nor-loci ; DNA-DNA hybridization ; spacer rDNA sequences ; molecular evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract TheNor-loci of polyploid wheats and their putative diploid progenitor species were assayed by probing isolated nuclear DNA with ribosomal DNA spacer sequences (spacer rDNA sequences, isolated by cloning), from theNor-loci of genomes B (Triticum aestivum), G (T. timopheevi), B (syn. S,T. speltoides), A (T. monococcum) and V (Dasypyrum villosum). DNA samples for analysis were digested with the restriction endonuclease Taq 1 and assayed by DNA-DNA hybridization under standard (37°C) and high stringency (64°C) conditions. The assay procedure emphasized differences between the divergent spacer sequences of the polyploid species and allowed relative homologies to the respective sequences in diploid species to be established. — The studies indicated thatT. timopheevi andT. speltoides contain different sets of spacer rDNA sequences which were readily distinguishable and, in the case ofT. timopheevi, assigned toNor-loci on different chromosomes. This contrast with the spacer rDNA sequences of the majorNor-loci on chromosomes 1 B and 6 B inT. aestivum, which were difficult to distinguish and were deduced to contain very similar sequences. Among the diploid progenitor species only the spacer rDNA fromT. speltoides shared close homology with polyploid wheat species. OneNor-locus inT. timopheevi (on chromosome 6 G) did not show close homology with any of the rDNA spacer probes available. — The data suggestsT. speltoides was the origin of someNor-loci for both theT. timopheevi andT. turgidum lines of tetraploid wheats. The possibility that the 6GNor-locus inT. timopheevi may have derived from an unknown diploid species by introgressive hybridization is discussed. The spacer rDNA sequence probe fromT. monococcum shared good homology with some accessions ofD. villosum and a line ofT. dicoccoides; the implications of this finding for evolution of present-day wheats are discussed.
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    Frequent duplication and deletion events in the 5S RNA genes and the associated spacer regions of theTriticeae (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 105-122 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticeae ; 5 S DNA sequence analyses ; duplication and deletion events ; phenetic relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The 5 S DNA units from 15 grasses in theTriticeae were analysed at the DNA sequence level. Four units carried duplications near the 3′-end of the 5 S RNA gene with 3 of the duplications centred on the same base pairs as a duplication previously reported byGerlach & Dyer. The fourth duplication was located 3′ downstream from the gene, in the spacer region. Apparent deletions were very frequent when units of the different grasses were compared and it was clear that these deletions did not extend into a 75 bp spacer region upstream from the 5 S RNA gene. This 75 bp region also tended to be more conserved between the grasses as compared to the high level of sequence change in the rest of the spacer region. — Phenetic relationships were established between the grasses using the sequence data. The relationships were generally consistent with the data from other parameters and, in addition, showed that two Australian grasses were closely related to the other Northern hemisphere genera examined. The data concerning the Australian grasses is discussed in relation to the isolated nature of Australia.
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    Variation at isozyme loci inTriticeae (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 123-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticeae ; Evolution ; isozymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An electrophoretic comparison of variation at 16 presumptive isozyme gene loci was performed for 17 species from the tribeTriticeae. Included in the analysis were annuals and perennials, and self- and cross-pollinating species, representing the H, I, P, N, R, V, S, E, J, J1J2, A, B, and D genomes. Perennial species were found to contain a significantly (marginally, at the 5% level) higher proportion of polymorphic loci and level of heterozygosity, than annual species. There were no significant differences between self- and crosspollinating species. Across all species, mean heterozygosity levels ranged from 0–0.225 and the % polymorphic loci from 6.3–56.3%. Genetic distance estimates varied from 0.08–0.39 for congeneric species. Relationships were deduced between the 17 species using phenetic and cladistic analyses and compared with relationships inferred from other parameters such as morphology and nucleotide sequence data. In general, the trees derived from the various relationships were concordant; the evolutionary basis for minor discrepancies between trees is also discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936714
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    Studies in the embryology of the diandrous orchidCypripedium cordigerum (Cypripedieae, Orchidaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 159-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Orchidaceae ; Cypripedieae ; Cypripedium cordigerum ; Embryology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The anther wall layers ofCypripedium cordigerum are six to eight. The glandular tapetum is 2- or 3-layered and its cells are uninucleate. Simultaneous cytokinesis results in decussate, isobilateral and tetrahedral pollen tetrads. Ripe pollen grains are 2-celled. The mature ovules are anatropous, bitegmic and tenuinucellate. Both the integuments are dermal in origin and 2-layered. The inner integument alone forms the micropyle. The female gametophyte is 6-nucleate and bisporic. The reduction of nuclei is due to the “strike” phenomenon. Double fertilization occurs. The primary endosperm nucleus divides to form two free endosperm nuclei. The mature embryo is undifferentiated. The cells ca, m and n contribute to the embryo. The suspensor is single-celled. The seed coat is formed entirely by the outer layer of the outer integument. There are three sterile and three fertile valves in the ovary. In the prefertilization stages these valves consist of parenchymatous cells with starch and raphides. After fertilization, the sterile valves develop sclerotic cells whereas the fertile valves remain parenchymatous. The pericarp structure and embryological features support the retention of tribeCypripedieae within theOrchidaceae.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936043
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    Chromosome numbers of Western Australian species ofVillarsia (Menyanthaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 49-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Menyanthaceae ; Villarsia ; Chromosome numbers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosome numbers are reported for eight of the nine Western AustralianVillarsia species.Villarsia albiflora, V. calthifolia, V. capitata, V. congestiflora, V. lasiosperma, V. latifolia, andV. violifolia are diploid with n=9. Five populations ofV. parnassiifolia are diploid and three are tetraploid (n=18). The morphological, ecological, and breeding-system diversity of the Western Australian species is largely not associated with the tetraploidy or hexaploidy that characterizes otherVillarsia species in eastern Australia and South Africa. The majority of Western AustralianVillarsia species are restricted to the high rainfall zone of southwestern Western Australia, where favorable climatic and edaphic conditions may have existed since mid-late Tertiary times.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936011
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    A new low chromosome number forOrnithogalum tenuifolium (Hyacinthaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Liliaceae ; Hyacinthaceae ; Ornithogalum ; O. tenuifolium ; Evolution of karyotypes ; karyotype symmetry ; Robertsonian translocations ; C-bands ; new lower basic number
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new chromosome number (2n=4) forOrnithogalum tenuifolium Delaroche is reported. The new chromosome race is postulated to have originated by a Robertsonian translocation from a Southern African chromosome race with six chromosomes, and represents thus the final step in a series of decreasing basic number of the species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936013
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  • 46
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    Aperture types withinSapranthus andPolyalthia (Annonaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 135-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Annonaceae ; Polyalthia ; Sapranthus ; Pollen types: inaperturate ; omniaperturate ; sulcate ; disulcate ; germination zones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Within the large palaeotropical genusPolyalthia so far five different pollen types are described (two monosulcate types, two disulcate types, and a single omniaperturate type). One of the disulcatePolyalthia types is similar to the disulcate neotropical genusSapranthus. All the newly described types differ predominantly not in exine but rather in intine characters. From this it can be concluded that seemingly “inaperturate” grains are disculcate in function, generally with two clearly recognizable germination zones, or omniaperturate, with the whole sporoderm capable of germination. The functions of the intine layers within the germination zones and within the nongerminating areas are very different and cooperate during the first germination steps in bursting the exine. It is difficult clearly to define the germination zones of pollen grains if the exine exhibits no modifications. Based on our and other results a more precise definition is suggested.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937294
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    Genome relationships in theElytrigia group of the genusAgropyron (Poaceae) as indicated by seed protein electrophoresis (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Agropyron ; Thinopyrum ; Lophopyrum ; Polyploid complex ; isoelectric focusing ; protein profile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Agropyron bessarabicum (2n = 14),A. rechingeri (2n = 28),A. junceiforme (2n = 28),A. elongatum (2n = 14),A. flaccidifolium (2n = 28) andA. scirpeum (2n = 28) were studied by isoelectric focusing of seed soluble proteins.—The protein profiles obtained from the six taxa showed a striking degree of similarity; typically they consist of 40 bands. No qualitative but only quantitative differences (in the intensity of some bands) were found.—Combined with the cytological information available these protein data indicate that the two polyploid complexes must be placed in the recently erected genusThinopyrum with the genome designations:T. bessarabicum Jj1 Jj1,T. sartorii (=A. rechingeri) Jj1 Jj1 Jj3 Jj3,T. junceiforme Jj1 Jj1 Jj2 Jj2,T. elongatum Je1 Je1,T. flaccidifolium Je1 Je1 Je1 Je1 andT. scirpeum Je1 Je1 Je2 Je2.
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    Non-equivalency of genera inAngiospermae: Evidence from DNA hybridization studies (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 155-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Compositae ; Umbelliferae ; Iridaceae ; DNA hybridization ; systematics ; rank of taxa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The problem of taxa equivalency in phylogenetically distant groups can hardly be solved by comparing morphological differences alone. An attempt is made to approach the problem by means of DNA comparisons, e.g., DNA hybridization. Data obtained forCompositae, Umbelliferae andIridaceae indicate that both unique and repetitive DNA sequence comparisons lead to the conclusions that genera within these families are not equivalent, e.g., the differences in the DNA among the species ofIris are much more pronounced than among those ofAchillea; some genera ofUmbelliferae occupy an intermediate position.
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    Chemosystematics of theRutaceae: Suggestions for a more natural taxonomy and evolutionary interpretation of the family (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 97-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Rutaceae ; new circumscription and arrangement of subfamilies and tribes ; Chemotaxonomy ; alkaloids ; benzylisoquinolines ; anthranilate alkaloids ; coumarins ; limonoids ; evolutionary advancement ; evolutionary replacement ; evolutionary relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chemosystematics ofRutaceae is reviewed on the basis of updated surveys of various secondary metabolites and their biosynthetic derivation. A comparison of these data with the morphological and geographical differentiation clearly shows that the current taxonomic arrangement of the family is to a large extent artificial and needs improvement. Starting from obviously “natural” groups of genera (or single genera) as “basic taxonomic entities” a new system with informal tribal names is suggested. In particular, the subfamilyToddalioideae is broken up altogether and its former members are rearranged among several of the 17 provisional tribes within the subfamilyRutoideae s. lat. Phylogenetic progressions can be recognized from parallel changes of morphological characters and biosynthetic pathways to secondary metabolites. As a general trend, a stepwise replacement of benzylisoquinolines by simple and complex anthranilic acid derived alkaloids, and eventually by coumarins and/or limonoids is confirmed. The available data are summarized in a discussion of the possible evolutionary relationships among theRutaceae, with theZanthoxylum- andEvodia-tribes in a central position.
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    Ribosomal RNA sequences for inferring phylogeny within the grass family (Poaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 29-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Evolution ; phylogenetic trees ; 18 S rRNA ; 26 S rRNA ; direct rRNA sequencing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have isolated RNA from nine different grass species and fromPsilotum, a modern representative of a primitive land plant lineage. By direct RNA sequencing with reverse transcriptase, we have determined the nucleotide sequence for five regions of the 18 S rRNA molecule and three regions of the 26 S rRNA molecule. Over 1 600 positions have been elucidated for each plant species. These sequences were aligned by computer and the variable positions were identified by inspection. The data from the variable positions were input into phylogenetic inference computer programs to generate an evolutionary relationship among the grass species. This evolutionary tree based on nucleotide sequence data was compared to a recent classification of thePoaceae based on morphological data.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936707
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    Fractionation of alcohol dehydrogenase and α-amylase alleles from wheat in actinomycin-D/CsCl gradients (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 61-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticum ; Fractionation of alcohol dehydrogenase and α-amylase ; actinomycin-D/CsCl gradient ; cloning of alleles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Wheat alcohol dehydrogenase and α-amylase genes were fractionated and enriched in an actinomycin-D/CsCl gradient. The experiments illustrated may be of importance for cloning of DNA alleles in crop science.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936709
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    Amplification and dispersion of repeated DNA sequences in theTriticeae (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 39-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticeae ; Evolution ; dispersed repeated sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four representatives of a family of dispersed repetitive sequences which were prominent and dispersed in the E genome ofThinopyrum elongatum but poorly represented in wheat, were studied in detail. The 1.4kb sequences were present both as part of tandem and more complex arrays and appeared to have resulted from repeated amplification of the sequence and their dispersion throughout the genome. Subcloning of sections of the 1.4 kb sequences resulted in probes which improved the resolution of the E genome from the genomes in wheat and enabled identification of single E genome chromosomes introduced into wheat. The generality of these types of sequences in the tribeTriticeae was confirmed by isolating analogous sequences from the R (rye,Secale cereale), V (Dasypyrum villosum), and N (Psathyrostachys juncea) genomes. — The cloned repetitive sequences from the R, V, and N genomes each showed characteristic fluctuations in amount within the grasses examined in addition to being virtually absent from wheat. It is thus possible that these sequences may provide useful taxonomic indicators for establishing relationships within theTriticeae, as well as valuable probes for tracing alien chromatin introduced into wheat.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936708
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    Taxonomy ofCarminatia (Asteraceae, Eupatorieae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 169-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Asteraceae ; Eupatorieae ; Carminatia ; Taxonomy ; new species ; Flora of Mexico
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A taxonomic study of the largely Mexican genusCarminatia is rendered. It is comprised of three closely related species:C. tenuiflora, C. recondita andC. anomala spec. nova. Illustrations, dot maps, keys to species and complete synonymy are presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936044
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    Studies on systematic embryology inScilla (Hyacinthaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 169-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Hyacinthaceae ; Scilla persica ; Scilla hohenackeri group ; Embryology ; systematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Scilla persica and 5 species of the so-calledS. hohenackeri group, namely,S. furseorum, S. puschkinioides, S. vvedenskyi, S. hohenackeri, andS. greilhuberi, have been investigated embryologically with special reference to embryo sac and endosperm development.Polygonum-type embryo sac development was stated inS. puschkinioides andS. greilhuberi. 8-nucleate, normally structured embryo sacs, which could not be specified further due to sparse availability of the material, were stated inS. furseorum, S. vvedenskyi, andS. hohenackeri. InS. persica the embryo sac develops according to the bisporicAllium-type. In most species endosperm development was stated to be nuclear, exceptS. hohenackeri, where the type could not be specified. Other traits of possible taxonomic significance are the number of layers in the outer integument, which is mostly 4, or 5–6 inS. furseorum, and the occurrence of polyploid versus haploid and early degenerating antipodal nuclei, the latter occurring only inS. persica andS. furseorum. These embryological characters may be useful for assessing taxonomic relationship of the present species with other allied groups withinScilla, in particular, theS. siberica alliance,S. messeniaca, and theS. bifolia alliance. TheAllium-type embryo sac, which occurs inS. persica, is also characteristic for theS. siberica alliance, and may be a common derived character. Lack of antipodal polyploidization, as characteristic forS. persica andS. furseorum, occurs also in theS. siberica alliance, and is perhaps another common derived trait indicating phylogenetic relationship. Nuclear endosperm development is more frequent in spring-flowering squills than helobial development, which has previously been stated inS. messeniaca, some species of theS. siberica alliance, and inS. litardierei. While helobial endosperm may be primitive forHyacinthaceae in general, it may, by reversal, also occur as a derived character, at least in some species of theS. siberica alliance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937297
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