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  • Other Sources  (813)
  • SPACE VEHICLES  (556)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (257)
  • Chemical Engineering
  • 1990-1994
  • 1970-1974  (813)
  • 1973  (813)
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  • 1990-1994
  • 1970-1974  (813)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: its Supercritical Wing Technol.: A Report on Flight Evaluation; p 59-70
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: Some of the principal results obtained in three series of measurements of fluctuating surface pressures induced on externally blown flaps by jet impingment are presented. Large- and small-scale models and hot- and cold-flow tests are considered. The discussion sets forth scaling parameters and consistent features of the root-mean-square values and spectra of the loading. Implications of these results with regard to sonic fatigue are indicated.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: STOL Technol.; p 131-142
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: In-flight studies of the overall and local components of drag of many types of aircraft were conducted. The primary goal of these studies was to evaluate wind-tunnel and semiempirical prediction methods. Some evaluations are presented in this paper which may be summarized by the following observations: Wind-tunnel predictions of overall vehicle drag can be accurately extrapolated to flight Reynolds numbers, provided that the base drag is removed and the boattail areas on the vehicle are small. The addition of ablated roughness to lifting body configurations causes larger losses in performance and stability than would be expected from the added friction drag due to the roughness. Successful measurements of skin friction have been made in flight to Mach numbers above 4. A reliable inflatable deceleration device was demonstrated in flight which effectively stabilizes and decelerates a lifting aircraft at supersonic speeds.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD Aerodyn. Drag; 12 p
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: The basic unsteady aerodynamic environment of the rotary wing is summarized. Some of the observed trends in the state of the art are discussed. Some of the research needs that will require attention are reported. A review of a number of research investigations as a part of a joint NASA/Army rotorcraft project is presented. The research is directed toward achieving a better understanding of rotor unsteady airfoils. The investigations include: (1) rotor maneuver loads; (2) level flight and maneuver wake prediction; (3) tip-vortex flow; (4) blade-vortex interactions; (5) dynamic stall; (6) transient Mach number air loads; and (7) development of variable geometry rotors.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD Aerodyn. of Rotary Wings; 20 p
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The dynamics of rotational motion of a spinning orbiting spacecraft consisting of two rigid bodies connected by a flexible joint and arbitrary number of flexible appendages (two of which are flexible massless booms having masses on their tips) is analyzed. Active attitude control is provided by momentum exchange devices (e.g. control moment gyroscopes) or a mass expulsion system. The linearized equations of motion describing the vehicle are presented, and a large scale digital simulation that has been developed at the Marshall Space Flight Center is presented. A simplified model of the geometrically complex vehicle is selected to make it analytically tractable. The simplified model consists of a single rigid core body with two attached flexible massless booms having tip masses. The states of the vehicle are defined as small perturbations about its steady-state spin. An analysis is performed to determine the domain of stability.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Computer and Electrical Engineering; 1; Dec. 197
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An investigation is conducted concerning the validity of analytical methods which are based on deriving an integral equation, taking into account small perturbations in the case of a nonuniform but irrotational flow. The results obtained apply to a wide Mach number range, but are restricted to small amplitude motions and to nonviscous flows. It is shown that the integral equation relating the unknown velocity potential to the known normal flow velocity can be derived from the appropriate Green's identity.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; Dec. 197
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  • 7
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A simple form is presented of the relationships derived by Betz for the inviscid, fully developed structure of lift-generated vortices behind aircraft. An extension is then made to arbitrary span-load distributions by inferring guidelines for the selection of rollup centers for the vortex sheet. These techniques are easier to use and yield more realistic estimates of the rolled-up structure of vortices than the original form of Betz' theory when the span loading differs appreciably from elliptic loading.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 10; Nov. 197
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; Dec. 197
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A model based on Lighthill's theory for predicting aerodynamic noise from a turbulent shear flow is developed. This model is a generalization of the one developed by Ribner. It does not require that the turbulent correlations factor into space and time-dependent parts. It replaces his assumption of isotropic turbulence by the more realistic one of axisymmetric turbulence. In the course of the analysis, a hierarchy of equations is developed wherein each succeeding equation involves more assumptions than the preceding equation but requires less experimental information for its use. The implications of the model for jet noise are discussed. It is shown that for the particular turbulence data considered anisotropy causes the high-frequency self-noise to be beamed downstream.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Acoustical Society of America; vol. 54
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: For the interaction of shock waves with turbulent boundary layers, obtained experimental three-dimensional separation results and correlations with earlier two-dimensional and three-dimensional data are presented. It is shown that separation occurs much earlier for turbulent three-dimensional than for two-dimensional flow at hypersonic speeds.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A modified, bidirectional shooting method is presented for solving boundary-layer equations under conditions of massive blowing. Unlike the conventional shooting method, which is unstable when the blowing rate increases, the proposed method avoids the unstable direction and is capable of solving complex boundary-layer problems involving mass and energy balance on the surface.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 13
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The method of Fourier transforms is used to determine the kernel function which relates the pressure on a lifting surface to the prescribed downwash within the framework of Dowell's (1971) shear flow model. This model is intended to improve upon the potential flow aerodynamic model by allowing for the aerodynamic boundary layer effects neglected in the potential flow model. For simplicity, incompressible, steady flow is considered. The proposed method is illustrated by deriving known results from potential flow theory.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 14
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A pseudo-one-dimensional model of the supersonic combustion ramjet engine cycle is revised on the basis of recent (additional) data obtained from combustor tests. The data were generated in a simple nonreacting system which produces shock structures and shock/boundary layer interactions analogous to those observed at the entrance of supersonic combustors. It is shown that the revised model provides better descriptions of the wall pressure distributions and the overall shock pressure rises for the available test data.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 10; Sept
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  • 15
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The scientific objectives of the Explorer-45 mission are discussed. The primary objective is the study of the ring current responsible for the main phase of magnetic storms. Closely associated with this objective is the determination of the relationship between magnetic storms, substorms, and the acceleration of charged particles in the magnetosphere. Further objectives are the measurement of a wide range of proton, electron and alpha-particle energies, and studies of wave-particle interactions responsible for particle transport and loss in the inner magnetosphere. The orbital parameters, the spacecraft itself, and some of its unique features, such as the data handling system, which is programmable from the ground, are described.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Aug. 1
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Analysis of the variations in orbiter/tank interference heating rates in the Space Shuttle configuration at M numbers up to 19 and Re numbers down to 250,000. Experimental data on heat transfer rate distribution in the tank and on orbiter-induced interference heat transfer factors in the tank are included in diagrams. The data suggest that the primary effect of interference can be a fully developed turbulent boundary layer.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 10; Aug. 197
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The problem of fuel-optimal small-angle reorientation of the spin axis of a spinning or dual-spin spacecraft is examined. The results obtained show significant improvements over previously published optimization studies by virtue of the introduction of two innovations: (1) mass-explusion active control is utilized for angular momentum vector pointing only, with passive damping relied upon for stable vehicles to attenuate vehicle coning about the angular momentum vector, so that the task of the active controller changes from spin axis control to angular momentum vector control, and (2) several options are considered for type, number, and location of attitude control jets. The first of these considerations introduces a target set which is a smooth, two-dimensional linear manifold in the four-dimensional state space, whereas previous studies have adopted the origin as the target set. The second innovation amounts to consideration of a spectrum of control restraint sets.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Astronautica Acta; 18; June 197
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Payload benefits to be derived from refurbishment can be related to individual spacecraft programs directly and for planning purposes to the entire shuttle mission model. In the case of the large space telescope program, cost savings obtained through the use of the shuttle for maintenance operations have been estimated to be in the range from 30 to 40%. This saving is realized over an operational lifetime of 15 years by reducing, through refurbishment on orbit, the number of flight units along with 'optimized' reliability goals commensurate with periodic maintenance revisits at one-year intervals. Shuttle-era payload implications are discussed together with a pressurized on-orbit maintenance configuration, an earth observation satellite, and some typical teleoperator-serviced spacecraft.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 11; May 1973
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  • 19
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A transonic flow solution is presented for configurations with span-to-length ratios of order one. The angles of attack are sufficiently large to produce lift effects that are either dominant or comparable to the thickness effects. The analysis is performed with the aid of the method of matched asymptotic expansions. The results obtained are compared with data reported by Cheng and Hafez (1972).
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; May 1973
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This paper briefly describes the cylindrical electrostatic probes to be used on the new Atmosphere Explorer-C, -D, and -E, and outlines the methods to be employed to analyze the experimental data in terms of electron temperature and ion and electron concentration. Two independent cylindrical sensors and partially redundant electronic systems permit greater reliability in measurements. Measurements are made at 1-sec and 2-sec intervals along the orbit. The sensors themselves have been modified from previous applications to cope with the lower electron temperature expected in these low-altitude orbits and to counter possible surface contamination caused by the hydrazine engines used for orbit adjustments.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Radio Science; 8; Apr. 197
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The neutral-atmosphere composition experiment instrumentation is designed to obtain in-situ measurements of neutral thermosphere composition from Atmosphere Explorer-C, -D, and -E. The system is based on previously flown OGO-6 and San Marco-3 composition instruments. The mass-spectrometer sensor includes a gold-plated thermalizing chamber and ion source, a hyperbolic rod quadrupole analyzer, and an off-axis electron multiplier. Automatic ion-source sensitivity control and pulse-counting techniques provide density measurement capability from approximately 125 to 1000 km altitude. The normal operating mode includes measurement at all masses in the range of 1 to 44 amu, with emphasis on hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, and argon.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Radio Science; 8; Apr. 197
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Brief review of the operational principle and capability of the high-Reynolds-number wind tunnel developed over the last few years. Its test medium is stored in a Ludwieg tube and held there by means of a diaphragm. When the diaphragm is broken, a rearward-facing centered rarefaction fan propagates upstream through the test section and nozzle into the supply tube, and the useful run time is bounded by the reflected rarefaction wave and the starting shock wave caused by choking at the nozzle. The operating problems center around the ability of model and sting support systems to withstand the loads and to meet the instrumentation requirements. Evaluation tests have shown that satisfactory force and moment measurements can be obtained in this facility.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; Mar. 197
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; Feb. 197
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  • 24
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Three separate and distinct modes of using the space shuttle system have been identified. These modes include the boost of a spacecraft plus one or more propulsion stages into earth orbit or parking orbit, the establishment and maintenance of automated observatories in space, and the support of exploratory research and instrument development. Studies show that approximately 60% of all planned NASA missions require a shuttle third stage. Illustrations are presented to show how the largest spacecraft, Viking, and its propulsion system, Centaur, and a communications satellite, with an Agena stage to place it into a geostationary orbit, would fit into the shuttle. Results of the NASA Shuttle Sortie Workshop studies are discussed together with prospects of European cooperation in future workshop experiments.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 11; May 1973
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  • 25
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: In the sortie mode the Shuttle bay becomes a laboratory for a wide variety of space experiments and observations. Scientists and engineers can man this laboratory for investigations conducted in a space environment. A special program, called ASSESS (Airborne Science/Shuttle Experiment System Simulation) has been instituted to conduct exhaustive studies of the airborne-science concept as it may apply to Shuttle planning. The ASSESS program is described in detail together with the airborne-science operation pertinent to the Shuttle. Similarities of airborne science aircraft to the Shuttle are considered along with the results of a simulation mission, flown in October 1972.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 11; May 1973
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A broadband photometer experiment is being prepared for the Atmosphere Explorer-C, -D, and -E missions to record the solar irradiance in seven wavelength bands in the range from 40 to 1250 A. The experiment contains four spiral electron multipliers located behind a moving eight-position filter wheel. Six of the eight sections of this wheel contain metallic filters used to spectrally isolate the solar irradiance. In addition, three Al2O3 diodes, two with filters, are being used to record the solar irradiance over the full range of orbital altitudes including those at which operation of multipliers with high voltages on open structures would be unsafe. A principal goal of the experiment will be to measure time dependence of the solar irradiance.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Radio Science; 8; Apr. 197
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Bennett spectrometer to be flown on Atmosphere Explorer-C and -E (AE-C and AE-E) is designed to measure, throughout the 120 to 4000-km orbit, the concentrations of all thermal positive ions in the mass range 1 to 72 amu and number density range 5 to 5,000,000 ions per cu cm. To reduce the buildup of ram pressure and facilitate measurements at low altitude, the analyzer is vented, and a multigrid ion-current collector is employed. An extensive command capability permits optimization of instrument parameters for particular measurement objectives; commandable functions include mass-scan range and period, the sensitivity-resolution characteristic of the analyzer, orifice potential, and in-flight calibration.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Radio Science; 8; Apr. 197
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  • 28
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Viking entry vehicle uses a lines-first type of deployment in which the parachute, packed in a deployment bag, gets ejected rearward from the vehicle by a mortar. As the bag moves rearward, first the lines are unfurled and then the canopy. An analysis of the unfurling process is conducted, giving attention to longitudinal and rotational dynamics. It is shown that analytical modeling of aerodynamic systems provides significant information for a better understanding of the physics of the deployment process.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 11; Apr. 197
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This paper presents a summary of principal results obtained from crossflow tests of a model 15-in.-diam lift fan installed in a wing in the NASA Lewis Research Center, 9 by 15 ft V/STOL Propulsion Wind Tunnel. Tests were run with and without exit louvers over a range of tunnel air speeds, fan speeds, and wing angle of attack. Fan thrust in crossflow was influenced by two principal factors: the effects of inflow distortion on blade-row performance, and changes in fan stage operating point brought about by changes in back pressure ratio. In this particular fan, flow separation on the inlet bellmouth did not appear to be a serious problem for crossflow operation.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 10; Mar. 197
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  • 30
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Geopause satellite system concept offers promising approaches in connection with four different problem areas. A typical Geopause satellite orbit has a 14-hour period, a mean height of about 4.6 earth radii, and is nearly circular, polar, and normal to the ecliptic. At this height only a relatively few gravity terms have uncertainties corresponding to orbital perturbations above the decimeter level. The Geopause satellite system also provides the tracking geometery and coverage needed for determining the orbit, the tracking system biases, and the station locations. Studies indicate that the Geopause satellite, tracked with a 2-cm ranging system from nine NASA affiliated sites, can yield decimeter station location accuracies. Five or more fundamental stations well distributed in longitude can view Geopause over the North Pole. This means not only that redundant data are available for determining tracking system biases, but also that both components of the polar motion can be observed frequently. When tracking Geopause, the NASA sites become a two-hemisphere configuration which is ideal for a number of earth physics applications such as the observation of the polar motion with a time resolution of a fraction of a day.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Space Science Reviews; 14; Feb. 197
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  • 31
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The purpose and objectives of the joint Apollo/Soyuz experimental test flight, the technical requirements and anticipated solutions necessary to meet the objectives, the mission plan, the flight vehicles, the schedule, and the expected results of successfully completing such a project are discussed. The androgynous feature of the docking system is provided by a symmetrical distribution of all elements which are directly connected during docking, relative to the axis of reverse symmetry. Both the American and Russian systems are designed to serve as either the active or passive system for docking and undocking.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
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  • 32
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Results are presented of some numerical experiments on simple planar configurations. The experiments serve to establish more precisely some ground rules for optimum lattice arrangements. In particular, the location of both the horseshoe vortex elements and the control points at which the surface boundary conditions are to be satisfied is uniquely determined. Questions of lattice arrangement are discussed together with numerical results and problems of control point location.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 10; May 1973
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  • 33
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Following a brief summary of previous work, major attention is given to Phase-B extension, the Request for Proposal (RFP), the selected configuration and associated activities, and the future. NASA extended Phase-B contracts to examine other options that might lower peak annual funding and decrease program risk. Most of the discussion deals with the shuttle and orbiter systems. The efforts of the shuttle program in the past year have seen the completion of numerous trade studies and the selection of a prime shuttle contractor.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
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  • 34
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The major objectives of the Skylab project are to examine the medical aspects of what happens to man in long duration space flight, to make long-duration studies of the active and the quiet sun, and to gather data in the study of the ocean and the land masses of the earth. Corollary experiments use either the fact that they are to be performed in a complete vacuum, or the fact that the stars and the ultraviolet can be much more extensively studied. Some experiments in metal processing will make use of the zero force field.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
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  • 35
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The results of the Apollo 16 mission are summarized, and the present level of hardware and procedures maturity is illustrated. The primary objective was to obtain a sample of the lunar highlands. It appears that the moon and its history are too complex to be explained by any of the models currently available. Contingency plans fell into three categories: (1) emergency recovery from a hazardous situation, (2) alternate plans to maximize the mission return following a hardware malfunction, and (3) alternate procedures to work around specific problems. Operational experience indicates that it is better to execute a plan with some known disadvantages than to replace it with one which has some apparent advantages but is not thoroughly understood.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of an approximate method for predicting the pressure in the immediate corner region and the shock structure on stream-aligned, sharp-leading-edge, symmetrical corner configurations. The method is basically the two-shock method developed by Charwat and Redekopp (1966), with the additional assumption that the corner fillet shock can be located from the calculated pressure in the corner. Corner pressures are correlated over a wide range of Mach numbers in air and helium for different corner wedge angles. The shock structure calculated by this method is compared with supersonic and hypersonic data.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 10; Jan. 197
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The conformal mapping sequence presented transforms the potential flow about a circle into that about an airfoil with an attached flap or spoiler. It is found that adequate versatility of the flap shape for a given airfoil can usually be obtained with the indicated functions, although other transformations would expand the variety of possible flap shapes.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 10; Jan. 197
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  • 38
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Review of wind tunnel test data obtained for tip vortex studies on a square-tipped rectangular wing. The results include wing surface pressure distributions, three-dimensional velocity components in the wake, and principal vortex characteristics such as peak tangential velocity and core size distributions. The wind tunnel measurements are compared with flight test data. These comparisons show that the magnitudes of circumferential velocities, normalized by flight speed and lift coefficient, as well as the vortex core radius, normalized by wing span, are in close agreement. The data obtained make possible the calculation of turbulence stress distributions and the formulation of models for the prediction of downstream flow fields.
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A centerline heating approximation is proposed in which only three basic equations need be solved. The heat rates correlate well with those obtained by more complex procedures. The approximation is readily adaptable to existing trajectory optimization programs to provide realistic surface temperature constraint capability with little increase in computer storage capacity and computer time. It is based on an analysis of heat-rate data computed for altitudes from 36,000 to 122,000 m, velocities from 600 to 7900 m/sec, and angles of attack from 0 to 60 degrees.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 10; Sept
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Recently, relatively new analytical procedures have been successfully used to design bleed systems for mixed-compression inlets designed to operate efficiently up to Mach number 2.65. The procedures used constitute a major advance in inlet technology by offering a promising approach to attain high internal and external performance for mixed-compression inlets that operate over a large supersonic Mach number range. Unfortunately, there is a lack of data describing bleed hole performance characteristics to verify these procedures at high Mach numbers. This paper briefly discusses the analytical procedures for designing advanced inlet systems and suggests facility modifications wherein the procedures can be verified on large-scale inlet models up to approximately Mach number 4.5.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 10; May 1973
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The low-energy electron experiment will provide differential measurements of the energy influx and angular distributions of electrons and protons on the Atmosphere Explorer-C and -D missions. The detectors consist of cylindrical electrostatic analyzers for species and energy selection and Spiraltron electron multipliers as particle sensors. The C version will contain three detectors, two measuring electrons and protons from 0.2 to 25 keV in 16 logarithmically spaced steps and one measuring 5 keV electrons continuously. Angular distributions will be acquired utilizing the spin of the spacecraft. The D version will contain 19 detectors, one proton-stepped energy analyzer, and two electron-stepped energy analyzers at two different angles, again over the energy range 0.2 to 25 keV.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Radio Science; 8; Apr. 197
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Brief description of the design goals, spacecraft, data system, and data analysis concept for the Atmosphere Explorer (AE) mission. The AE mission is shown to have been conceived and to be implemented for making possible a variety of studies of the lower thermosphere. The spacecraft support system, including an onboard propulsion system, will enable investigations to be carried out deep in the thermosphere and at all points of aeronomic significance about the earth.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Radio Science; 8; Apr. 197
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The determination of the temperature of the neutral gas at the location of the satellite is based on measurement of the velocity distribution of the molecular nitrogen. Measurement of the thermal-velocity component in the presence of the free-stream velocity will be obtained through application of the velocity-scan technique and, independently, through use of a baffle technique. A 3-cm diameter spherical sampling chamber with a 0.5-cm diameter precisely knife-edged orifice is located at the satellite equator to permit free diffusion of atmosphere gases between the chamber interior and the atmosphere. The spherical chamber is connected through a high-conductance tube to a quadrupole mass-spectrometer sensor to permit accurate quantitative evaluation of the density of the gas.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Radio Science; 8; Apr. 197
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Expressions are derived, according to a method developed by the author (1972), for bodies in which the cross-sectional shape (but not necessarily the area) is constant along the longitudinal axis. For the more general case of a body alone or with lifting surfaces where the cross-sectional shape varies along the length, a similar procedure is suggested. The specific case for an elliptic cone with a triangular wing is considered, and formulas for winged elliptic cross sections are developed. For the limited test conditions shown, the agreement between computed and experimental results is very good.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; Mar. 197
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2012-05-23
    Description: Optimum system mechanizations for advanced manned spacecraft are considered. Several studies have proposed automation of the onboard system management task, with functions such as system status monitoring, configuration management, and redundancy management being accomplished under computer control. An experimental system was used in the laboratory to investigate hardware and software requirements for accomplishing these onboard system management functions. A performance monitor system is proposed for the space shuttle. This system provides support to the flight crew in the management of all onboard systems but does not perform critical switching functions during the flight phase.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: AGARD Automation in Manned Aerospace Systems; 16 p
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  • 46
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The Fire 1 test was designed to study the heating of an Apollo-type reentry vehicle. The total reentry complex weighed approximately 230 kg and entered the upper atmosphere at a velocity of 11.5 km/s. The spectrum of the reentry complex has been studied in the wavelength range 3700 to 8800 A, where 102 multiplets of 21 atoms and the band systems of 5 diatomic molecules have been identified. Comparisons with meteor spectra are made.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA, Washington Evolutionary and Phys. Properties of Meteoroids; p 161-167
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The concept of a real time contamination monitor is studied and the evolution of the optical module component from laboratory model through the engineering evaluation model is reported. Mechanisms employed and problems experienced are described. Current efforts are directed toward a major simplification of design in a unit intended for flight.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center The 8th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 271-281
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The applications of various separation mechanisms to meet flight mission goals within the physical and environmental constraints of a single stage rocket test vehicle are considered. Each separation concept was selected from the numerous choices available on the basis of its unique requirement and the flight test vehicle incorporated several different concepts. Attention to specific requirements and thoroughness in design and testing were essential to success since there is no specific single answer to separation problems.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: The 8th Aerospace Mech. Symp. te; p 165-178
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The applied technology satellite parabolic reflector subsystem is one of the first systems designed for space environment with limited terrestrial environmental ability. As a result, the complete performance of the system could not be demonstrated in a terrestrial environment without unacceptable design compromises. This problem was circumvented by developing a test philosophy which relied heavily on analysis to qualify and accept the flight hardware. The test program was successfully concluded and an optimized, low cost structure resulted. It is felt that this test and analysis philosophy can be applied to future space systems, resulting in substantial cost and schedule savings and a mission optimized system.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center The 8th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 351-362
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  • 50
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Large structural mirror supports which meet the stiff requirements for launch and orbit operations in particular, dimensionally stable structures made of titanium alloy, can be manufactured with present day technology and at reasonable cost. With continuing research and development in this area, designs of astronomical telescopes and related earth observatory satellites should benefit from this knowledge.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Technol., 1972; p 45-48
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Simulated reentry heating of the all-silica surface insulation material under a variety of conditions including arc jet and radiant lamp facilities for up to 100 simulated flight cycles has demonstrated consistent thermal performance capability. Consistent predictability along with demonstrated coating integrity and dimensional stability to 1645 K validates the earlier selection of the all-silica material for the RSI application.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Symp. on Reusable Surface Insulation for Space Shuttle, Vol. 2; p 623-666
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Glassy fibrous mullite coatings exhibit noncatalytic surface characteristics which limit surface temperature rise under certain convective heat flux conditions. Thermal conductivity design curves provide good agreement with test results. The inclusion of shine-in effects results in improved accuracy of transient temperature gradient predictions for the materials.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Symp. on Reusable Surface Insulation for Space Shuttle, Vol. 2; p 485-524
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The technique of mixing argon with air was used to simulate the temperature-time trajectory experienced by space shuttle vehicle insulation panels. Gap heating appears to be highly dependent upon gap design, it is relatively low for interlocking and tapered panel designs and significantly higher for a wider, unfilled gap design. The heating rate appears to be significantly higher at the windward facing edges of flush tiles and is aggravated at forward facing steps. This heating, however, is highly dependent on step heights relative to some characteristic thickness of the boundary layer.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Symp. on Reusable Surface Insulation for Space Shuttle, Vol. 2; p 371-423
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Ground station network S-band tracking in three-way Doppler modes of Mariner 9 in deep space provided geodetic parameters with an accuracy of 15 meters for use in Apollo 16 and Apollo 17 programs. It was concluded that unified S-band Doppler data provide geodetic results with accuracies comparable to laser ranging data.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Technol., 1972; p 121-124
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  • 55
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The International Ultraviolet Explorer is a new astronomical satellite still in the design stage. It is a Delta launched satellite, weighing approximately 365 kilograms, with an intended lifetime of three to five years, and it will serve as a precursor to the large space telescope. The essential features of the satellite are its geosynchronous orbit, a 45-centimeter aperture telescope, and a high performance UV spectrograph using television tubes as detectors.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Technol., 1972; p 86-88
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The extremely lightweight, low power design of the cosmic radiation experiment is obtained by using less than 10 percent of the total weight for the mechanical system. Both the baseplate and the top plate are aluminum honeycomb, the side panels are magnesium trusswork, and the inside circuitry is stacked like a sandwich and interleaved with polyester urethane foam for vibration damping. The flight performance of the experimental hardware is excellent.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Technol., 1972; p 82-85
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Six dynamic experiments were performed in earth orbit utilizing the RAE spacecraft in order to test the accuracy of the mathematical model of RAE dynamics. The spacecraft consisted of four flexible antenna booms, mounted on a rigid cylindrical spacecraft hub at center, for measuring radio emissions from extraterrestrial sources. Attitude control of the gravity stabilized spacecraft was tested by using damper clamping, single lower leading boom operations, and double lower boom operations. Results and conclusions of the in-orbit dynamic experiments proved the accuracy of the analytic techniques used to model RAE dynamical behavior.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Technol., 1972; p 32-36
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  • 58
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Delta vehicle performance increases associated with 14 major configuration changes are outlined in terms of spacecraft weight into synchronous transfer orbit. Also discussed is the per-mission cost history, except range cost and amortization of development.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Technol., 1972; p 11-13
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  • 59
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Addition of a gyro and star sensor to the wheel section of OSO-G provided nighttime pointing capability and functional redundancy in correcting an anomaly that put the combined OSO spacecraft and launch vehicle into a flat spin.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Technol., 1972; p 7-10
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The potential benefits, impact and spinoff of IPAD technology are described. The benefits are projected from a flowtime and labor cost analysis of the design process and a study of the flowtime and labor cost savings being experienced with existing integrated systems. Benefits in terms of designer productivity, company effectiveness, and IPAD as a national resource are developed. A description is given of the potential impact of information handling as an IPAD technology, upon task and organization structure and people who use IPAD. Spinoff of IPAD technology to nonaerospace industries is discussed. The results of a personal survey made of aerospace, nonaerospace, government and university sources are given.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132397 , D6-60181-7
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The strategy of the IPAD implementation plan presented, proposes a three phase development of the IPAD system and technical modules, and the transfer of this capability from the development environment to the aerospace vehicle design environment. The system and technical module capabilities for each phase of development are described. The system and technical module programming languages are recommended as well as the initial host computer system hardware and operating system. The cost of developing the IPAD technology is estimated. A schedule displaying the flowtime required for each development task is given. A PERT chart gives the developmental relationships of each of the tasks and an estimate of the operational cost of the IPAD system is offered.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132396 , D6-60181-6
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The catalog is presented of technical program elements which are required to support the design activities for a subsonic and supersonic commercial transport. Information for each element consists of usage and storage information, ownership, status and an abstract describing the purpose of the element.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132395 , D6-60181-5
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The computing system design of IPAD is described and the requirements which form the basis for the system design are discussed. The system is presented in terms of a functional design description and technical design specifications. The functional design specifications give the detailed description of the system design using top-down structured programming methodology. Human behavioral characteristics, which specify the system design at the user interface, security considerations, and standards for system design, implementation, and maintenance are also part of the technical design specifications. Detailed specifications of the two most common computing system types in use by the major aerospace companies which could support the IPAD system design are presented. The report of a study to investigate migration of IPAD software between the two candidate 3rd generation host computing systems and from these systems to a 4th generation system is included.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132394 , D6-60181-4
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The user requirements for computer support of the IPAD design process are identified. The user-system interface, language, equipment, and computational requirements are considered.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132393 , D6-60181-3
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The extent to which IPAD is to support the design process is identified. Case studies of representative aerospace products were developed as models to characterize the design process and to provide design requirements for the IPAD computing system.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132392 , D6-60181-2
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Reports on the design process, support of the design process, IPAD System design catalog of IPAD technical program elements, IPAD System development and operation, and IPAD benefits and impact are concisely reviewed. The approach used to define the design is described. Major activities performed during the product development cycle are identified. The computer system requirements necessary to support the design process are given as computational requirements of the host system, technical program elements and system features. The IPAD computer system design is presented as concepts, a functional description and an organizational diagram of its major components. The cost and schedules and a three phase plan for IPAD implementation are presented. The benefits and impact of IPAD technology are discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132391 , D6-60181-1B
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: IPAD was defined as a total system oriented to the product design process. This total system was designed to recognize the product design process, individuals and their design process tasks, and the computer-based IPAD System to aid product design. Principal elements of the IPAD System include the host computer and its interactive system software, new executive and data management software, and an open-ended IPAD library of technical programs to match the intended product design process. The basic goal of the IPAD total system is to increase the productivity of the product design organization. Increases in individual productivity were feasible through automation and computer support of routine information handling. Such proven automation can directly decrease cost and flowtime in the product design process.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132390 , D6-60181-1A
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A baseline implementation plan, including alternative implementation approaches for critical software elements and variants to the plan, was developed. The basic philosophy was aimed at: (1) a progressive release of capability for three major computing systems, (2) an end product that was a working tool, (3) giving participation to industry, government agencies, and universities, and (4) emphasizing the development of critical elements of the IPAD framework software. The results of these tasks indicate an IPAD first release capability 45 months after go-ahead, a five year total implementation schedule, and a total developmental cost of 2027 man-months and 1074 computer hours. Several areas of operational cost increases were identified mainly due to the impact of additional equipment needed and additional computer overhead. The benefits of an IPAD system were related mainly to potential savings in engineering man-hours, reduction of design-cycle calendar time, and indirect upgrading of product quality and performance.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132406
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Viable designs are presented of various elements of the IPAD framework software, data base management system, and required new languages in relation to the capabilities of operating systems software. A thorough evaluation was made of the basic systems functions to be provide by each software element, its requirements defined in the conceptual design, the operating systems features affecting its design, and the engineering/design functions which it was intended to enhance.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132405
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: System requirements, software elements, and hardware equipment required for an IPAD system are defined. An IPAD conceptual design was evolved, a potential user survey was conducted, and work loads for various types of interactive terminals were projected. Various features of major host computing systems were compared, and target systems were selected in order to identify the various elements of software required.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132404
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A series of functional flow charts are considered that were developed to properly identify and record the degree of participation of the disciplines considered in this feasibility study and the type of data required in the design process.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132403
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The aircraft design process is discussed along with the degree of participation of the various engineering disciplines considered in this feasibility study.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132402
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An overview is provided of the Ipad System, including its goals and objectives, organization, capabilities and future usefulness. The systems implementation is also presented with operational cost summaries.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132401
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An investigation of the interference flow field on the space-shuttle boost configuration has been made. The results show that the interference effects can dominate the shuttle aerodynamics. Vortices shed from shock-induced flow separations on the forward portion of the vehicle affect the aerodynamic loads on the aft portion of the booster. Thus, the forebody and aft-body flow fields are coupled. This coupling and the associated time lag due to the finite convection speed of the vortices furnish a mechanism whereby the unsteady aerodynamics can cause undamping of certain low frequency elastic modes of the booster. A preliminary order-of-magnitude analysis of the aeroelastic stability of the shuttle booster indicates that negative aerodynamic damping could occur for at least one bending mode and be of sufficient magnitude to dominate the structural damping. The implication of these results, (with the possibility of undamped oscillations leading to structural failure), is serious enough to warrant further, more detailed analysis.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-120124 , LMSC-D352320-PT-3
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The findings of a space shuttle payload planning group session are presented. The purpose of the workshop is: (1) to provide guidance for the design and development of the space shuttle and the spacelab and (2) to plan a space science and applications program for the 1980 time period. Individual groups were organized to cover the various space sciences, applications, technologies, and life sciences. Summaries of the reports submitted by the working groups are provided.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-69464
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The space astronomy missions to be accomplished by the space shuttle are discussed. The principal instrument is the Large Space Telescope optimized for the ultraviolet and visible regions of the spectrum, but usable also in the infrared. Two infrared telescopes are also proposed and their characteristics are described. Other instruments considered for the astronomical observations are: (1) a very wide angle ultraviolet camera, (2) a grazing incidence telescope, (3) Explorer-class free flyers to measure the cosmic microwave background, and (4) rocket-class instruments which can fly frequently on a variety of missions. The stability requirements of the space shuttle for accomplishing the astronomy mission are defined.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-69409
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A description of and users manual for a USA FORTRAN IV computer program which plots the planform and control points of a wing are presented. The program also plots some of the configuration data such as the aspect ratio. The planform data is stored on a disc file which is created by a geometry program. This program, the geometry program, and several other programs are used together in the analysis of lifting, thin wings in steady, subsonic flow according to a kernel function lifting surface theory.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-62321
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Four BLDT flights were conducted during the summer of 1972. The purpose of these tests was to qualify the Viking parachute system behind the full-scale Viking entry vehicle over the maximum range of entry conditions anticipated in the Viking '75 soft landing on Mars. A summary of the test series is presented. Test conditions ranged from a Mach number of 2.0 to 0.5 and dynamic pressure from 11.7 to 4.4 psf. This range of conditions covers the uncertainty in entry conditions at Mars due to atmospheric and entry performance uncertainties. Emphasis is placed on parachute performance and simulated Mars entry vehicle motions as influenced by the parachute performance. Conclusions are presented regarding the ability of the parachute to perform within the operational parameters required for a successful soft Martian landing. A list of references which covers all reports in the qualification test program is included.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-112288 , TR-3720359
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A shuttle (ARS) atmosphere revitalization subsystem active thermal control subsystem (ATCS) performance routine was developed. This computer program is adapted from the Shuttle EC/LSS Design Computer Program. The program was upgraded in three noteworthy areas: (1) The functional ARS/ATCS schematic has been revised to accurately synthesize the shuttle baseline system definition. (2) The program logic has been improved to provide a more accurate prediction of the integrated ARS/ATCS system performance. Additionally, the logic has been expanded to model all components and thermal loads in the ARS/ATCS system. (3) The program is designed to be used on the NASA JSC crew system division's programmable calculator system. As written the new computer routine has an average running time of five minutes. The use of desk top type calculation equipment, and the rapid response of the program provides the NASA with an analytical tool for trade studies to refine the system definition, and for test support of the RSECS or integrated Shuttle ARS/ATCS test programs.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134164 , SP02T73
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  • 80
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study of rotor blade aeroelastic stability was carried out, using an analytic model of a two-dimensional airfoil undergoing dynamic stall and an elastomechanical representation including flapping, flapwise bending and torsional degrees of freedom. Results for a hovering rotor demonstrated that the models used are capable of reproducing both classical and stall flutter. The minimum rotor speed for the occurrence of stall flutter in hover, was found to be determined from coupling between torsion and flapping. Instabilities analogous to both classical and stall flutter were found to occur in forward flight. However, the large stall-related torsional oscillations which commonly limit aircraft forward speed appear to be the response to rapid changes in aerodynamic moment which accompany stall and unstall, rather than the result of an aeroelastic instability. The severity of stall-related instabilities and response was found to depend to some extent on linear stability. Increasing linear stability lessens the susceptibility to stall flutter and reduced the magnitude of the torsional response to stall and unstall.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-2322
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  • 81
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study was conducted to determine the configuration of a space tug and to predict the performance parameters. The program plans and planning data generated in support of the tug development program are presented. The preliminary plans and supporting planning data emphasize the following requirements: (1) maintenance and refurbishment, (2) technology development, (3) production, (4) test facilities, (5) quality control, and (6) scheduling.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-120112 , SD72-SA-0032-VOL-4
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study was conducted to determine the configuration and performance of a space tug. Details of the space tug systems are presented to include: (1) propulsion systems, (2) avionics, (3) thermal control, and (4) electric power subsystems. The data generated include engineering drawings, schematics, subsystem operation, and component description. Various options investigated and the rational for the point design selection are analyzed.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-124023 , SD72-SA-0032-VOL-3-PT-1
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study was conducted to develop the functional requirements for onboard management of space shuttle consumables. A specific consumables management concept for the space shuttle vehicle was developed and the functional requirements for the onboard portion of the concept were generated. Consumables management is the process of controlling or influencing the usage of expendable materials involved in vehicle subsystem operation. The subsystems considered in the study are: (1) propulsion, (2) power generation, and (3) environmental and life support.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134145 , TRW-22104-H002-RO-00-VOL-2
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Experimental aerodynamic investigations were conducted on 0.015 scale representations of two Space Shuttle Orbiter configurations in a trisonic wind tunnel from June 20, 1973 to June 30, 1973. The primary test objective was to define subsonic, transonic, and supersonic stability and control characteristics of the -147B Orbiter. Six-component aerodynamic force and moment data for the -147B Orbiter were recorded over an angle of attack range of -2 deg to 30 deg at Mach numbers of 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 2.0, and 3.0. Reynolds numbers of 5.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0 x 100000 6/ft were tested at Mach numbers less than 2.0 while testing at Mach 2.0 and 3.0 was conducted at a Reynolds number of 11.0 x 100000/ft. Eleven deflections of 0 deg, +15 deg, -20, deg and -40 deg; body flap deflections of 0 deg, +13.75 deg and -14.25 deg; and rudder flare angles of 24.92 deg and 54.92 deg were tested on the -147B Orbiter over the entire Mach number range. Testing of the -139B Orbiter was for data verification and configuration comparison purposes only.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-128789 , DMS-DR-2061
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An experimental test program was conducted to determine the effects of vehicle surface roughness on the subsonic aerodynamic characteristics of a 0.01875 scale model of a Rockwell International Space Shuttle Configuration. Surface roughness was simulated by applying a sparce coating of carborundum grit to the complete model. Various grit sizes were investigated. Tests were conducted in the Langley Low Turbulence Pressure Tunnel at a constant nominal Mach number of 0.25 with Reynolds number varying from 2 to 12 x 10 to the 6th power per foot. Angle of attack was varied from about -2 to 28 deg at 0 deg and 6 deg angle of sideslip.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-128782 , DMS-DR-2056
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An experimental test program was conducted to determine the effects of vehicle surface roughness on the supersonic aerodynamic characteristics of a 0.01875 scale model of a space shuttle configuration. Surface roughness was simulated by applying a sparse coating of carborundum grit to complete model. Various grit sizes were investigated. The tests were conducted in a wind tunnel at Mach numbers from 1.60 to 4.63. The angle of attack was varied from about -2 deg to as much as 42 deg at 0 deg and + or - 3 deg of sideslip. The angle of sideslip was varied from -8 deg to 8 deg at angles of attack from 0 deg to 40 deg.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-128796 , DMS-DR-2054
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The performance requirements, preliminary designs, and development program plans for an airborne recovery system for the space shuttle solid rocket booster are discussed. The analyses performed during the study phase of the program are presented. The basic considerations which established the system configuration are defined. A Monte Carlo statistical technique using random sampling of the probability distribution for the critical water impact parameters was used to determine the failure probability of each solid rocket booster component as functions of impact velocity and component strength capability.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-120106 , MCR-73-247-VOL-1
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  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A process is described for producing shaped articles of imidazopyrrolone polymers comprising molding imidazopyrrolone polymer molding power under pressure and at a temperature greater than 475 C. Moderate pressures may be employed. Preferably, prior to molding, a preform is prepared by isostatic compression. The preform may be molded at a relatively low initial pressure and temperature; as the temperature is increased to a value greater than 475 C., the pressure is also increased.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The configurations analyzed are half-axisymmetric, power-law bodies surmounted by thin, flat wings. The wing planform matches the body shock-wave shape. Analytic solutions of the hypersonic small disturbance equations form a basis for calculating the longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics. Boundary-layer displacement effects on the body and the wing upper surface are approximated. Skin friction is estimated by using compressible, laminar boundary-layer solutions. Good agreement was obtained with available experimental data for which the basic theoretical assumptions were satisfied. The method is used to estimate the effects of power-law, fineness ratio, and Mach number variations at full-scale conditions. The computer program is included.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7427 , L-7176
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Validation of a landing-dynamics computer program has been accomplished by comparing analytical data with data from a limited experimental program. Agreement obtained established the subject landing-dynamics computer program as a reliable design tool for legged spacecraft landers.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7301 , L-8726
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Flight data were obtained over a Mach number range from 0.4 to 1.55 and an angle-of-attack range from -2 deg to 16 deg. Lateral-directional and longitudinal derivatives, reaction control rocket effectiveness, and longitudinal trim information obtained from flight data and wind-tunnel predictions are compared. The effects of power, configuration change, and speed brake are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7511 , H-791
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The findings and data products developed during the crew interface specification study for inflight maintenance and stowage functions are presented. Guidelines are provided for improving the present progress of defining, controlling, and managing the flight crew requirements. The following data products were developed: (1) description of inflight maintenance management process, (2) specifications for inflight maintenance management requirements, and (3) suggested inflight maintenance data processing reports for logistics management.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134147
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A comprehensive analysis and parametric design effort was conducted under the earth-storable phase of the program. Passive Acquisition/expulsion system concepts were evaluated for a reusable Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) application. The passive surface tension technique for providing gas free liquid on demand was superior to other propellant acquisition methods. Systems using fine mesh screens can provide the requisite stability and satisfy OMS mission requirements. Both fine mesh screen liner and trap systems were given detailed consideration in the parametric design, and trap systems were selected for this particular application. These systems are compatible with the 100- to 500-manned mission reuse requirements.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134157 , MCR-73-97-VOL-5
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Two orbital test plans were prepared to verify one of the passive cryogenic storage tank/feedline candidate designs. One plan considered the orbital test article to be launched as a dedicated payload using an Atlas F burner launching configuration. The second plan proposed to launch the orbital test article as a secondary payload on the Titan E/Centaur proof flight. The secondary payload concept was pursued until January 1973, when work to build the hardware for this phase of the contract was terminated for lack of a sponsor for the flight. The dedicated payload launched on an Atlas F is described.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134156 , MCR-73-97-VOL-4
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A ground test program was conducted to verify several of the design methods and techniques that were used in designing cryogenic acquisition/expulsion systems. The testing of a 63.5-cm diameter DSL subscale model was particularly significant. Under these tests, the operational characteristics of the DSL concept were verified using LH2 and LN2. Demonstration of the gas free liquid expulsion characteristics was accomplished by expelling LH2 under -1 g using both GH2 and GHe pressurization. Loading of the acquisition/expulsion device was successfully accomplished using LH2 and LN2. The liquid free vapor venting performance of the model was limited because of the thermal stratification under the -1 g test conditions.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134155 , MCR-73-97-VOL-3
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Design, construction, and quality control tests on a dual screen liner device for the space shuttle orbiter cryogenic fuel tank and feedliner system are summarized. The dual stainless steel mesh of the device encloses eight liquid fuel channels and provides the liquid/vapor interface stability required for low gravity orbits.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134153 , MCR-73-97-VOL-1
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Detailed designs were made for three earth orbital propulsion systems; (1) the space shuttle (integrated) OMS/RCS, (2) the space shuttle (dedicated) OMS (LO2), and (3) the space tug. The preferred designs from the integrated OMS/RCS were used as the basis for the flight test article design. A plan was prepared that outlines the steps, cost, and schedule required to complete the development of the prototype DSL tank and feedline (LH2 and LO2) systems. Ground testing of a subscale model using LH2 verified the expulsion characteristics of the preferred DSL designs.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134154 , MCR-73-97-VOL-2
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An experimental aerodynamic investigation was conducted on a 0.01 scale model of a Langley concept space shuttle orbiter (LO-100) in the Langley Low Turbulence Pressure Tunnel at a Mach number of 0.25 and at a Reynolds number of 5.4 million per foot. The angle of attack was varied from about -2 deg to 24 deg at 0 deg and 5 deg sideslip. The configuration was tested at elevon settings of 0 deg, -5 deg, -10 deg, and -15 deg for a body base flap setting of 0 deg and at 0 deg, -10 deg, and -15 deg for a body base flap setting of -18 deg. The effect of rudder flare angle was obtained using 0 deg, 20 deg, and 40 deg, flare settings.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-128787 , DMS-DR-2070
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Experimental aerodynamic investigations were conducted during mid-July, 1973 on a .004 scale model of the Rockwell International integrated configuration Space Shuttle Vehicle 3. The purpose of the tests was three fold: (1) to determine the static stability characteristics of the integrated vehicle, utilizing the Vehicle 3 orbiter configuration; (2) to determine the effect of interstage structure and tank external fuel lines on the integrated vehicle aerodynamic characteristics; (3) to determine the effects of the aft interstage structure on orbiter aerodynamic loads. Data were recorded on the integrated vehicle (test no. 579) at angles of attack and sideslip ranging from -10 deg to 10 deg over a Mach number schedule from 0.6 to 4.96. Data were obtained on the orbiter alone in the presence of the external tank with SRB attached (test no. 580) at angles of attack from -10 deg to 10 deg over a Mach number range from .6 to 1.96. Plotted data are presented in the body axis system.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-128788 , DMS-DR-2063
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Design concepts for high temperature flush mounted Space Shuttle Orbiter antenna systems are discussed. The design concepts include antenna systems for VHF, L-band, S-band, C-band and Ku-band frequencies. The S-band antenna system design was completed and test hardware fabricated. It was then subjected to electrical and thermal testing to establish design requirements and determine reuse capabilities. The thermal tests consisted of applying ten high temperature cycles simulating the Orbiter entry heating environment in an arc tunnel plasma facility and observing the temperature distributions. Radiation pattern and impedance measurements before and after high temperature exposure were used to evaluated the antenna systems performance. Alternate window design concepts are considered. Layout drawings, supported by thermal and strength analyses, are given for each of the antenna system designs. The results of the electrical and thermal testing of the S-band antenna system are given.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134136 , MDC-E0896-VOL-1
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