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  • Chemistry  (5,599)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (2,353)
  • GENERAL  (263)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • ddc:330
  • 2015-2019
  • 1970-1974  (8,414)
  • 1973  (8,414)
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  • 2015-2019
  • 1970-1974  (8,414)
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  • 1
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    Publication Date: 2005-09-05
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  • 17
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    Publication Date: 2005-09-05
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  • 21
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  • 22
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2005-09-05
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  • 24
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    Publication Date: 2005-09-05
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2005-09-05
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  • 27
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  • 28
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The Apollo 17 infrared scanning radiometer (ISR) experiment for mapping lunar surface thermal emission is reported. The instrument, lunar surface coverage, and the data obtained are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: On the Apollo 17 mission, a miniature mass spectrometer, called the lunar atmospheric composition experiment (LACE), was carried to the moon as part of the Apollo lunar surface experiments package (ALSEP) to study the composition of and variation in the lunar atmosphere. The instrument was successfully deployed in the Taurus-Littrow valley with its entrance aperture oriented upward to intercept and measure the downward flux of gases at the lunar surface. Initial activation of the LACE instrument occurred on December 27, 1972, approximately 50 hr after sunset, and operation continued throughout the first lunar night. Sunrise brought a high background gas level and necessitated discontinuing operation during lunar daytime except for a brief check near noon. Near sunset, operation was resumed and continued throughout the night. This sequence was repeated for the second and third lunations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 9 p
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  • 30
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-02
    Description: Atmospheric electricity must be considered in the design, transportation, and operation of aerospace vehicles. The effect of the atmosphere as an insulator and conductor of high voltage electricity, at various atmospheric pressures, must also be considered. The vehicle can be protected as follows: (1) By insuring that all metallic sections are connected by electrical bonding so that the current flow from a lightning stroke is conducted over the skin without any gaps where sparking would occur or current would be carried inside; (2) by protecting buildings and other structures on the ground with a system of lightning rods and wires over the outside to carry the lightning stroke into the ground; (3) by providing a zone of protection for launch complexes; (4) by providing protection devices in critical circuits; (5) by using systems which have no single failure mode; and (6) by appropriate shielding of units sensitive to electromagnetic radiation.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Terrest. Environ. (Climatic) Criteria Guidelines for Use in Aerospace Vehicle Develop., 1973 Rev.; 28 p
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2006-04-02
    Description: Earth viewing space missions offer exciting new possibilities in several earth resources disciplines - geography, hydrology, agriculture, geology, and oceanography, to name a few. A most useful tool in planning experiments and applying space technology to earth observation is a statistical description of atmospheric parameters. Four dimensional atmospheric models and a world wide cloud model are used to produce atmospheric attenuation models to predict degradation effects for all classes of sensors for application to earth sensing experiments from spaceborne platforms. To insure maximum utility and application of these products, the development of an interaction model of microwave energy and atmospheric variables provides a complete description of the effects of atmospheric moisture upon microwaves.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Terrest. Environ. (Climatic) Criteria Guidelines for Use in Aerospace Vehicle Develop., 1973 Rev.; 21 p
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  • 32
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    Publication Date: 2006-03-26
    Description: An elastic plate model is used to describe the origin of intermediate and deep earthquakes. It is shown that the earth is covered by about eight tectonic plates that have relative motions; along plate boundary lines, one plate thrusting under the other, causes deflection and buckling of the elastic plate structure in regions of maximum curvature that may trigger earthquakes.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 220-223
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  • 33
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    Publication Date: 2006-03-26
    Description: Tracking of the Beacon Explorer-C satellite by a precision laser system was used to measure the polar motion and solid earth tide. The tidal perturbation of satellite latitude is plotted as variation in maximum latitude in seconds of arc on earth's surface as a function of the date, and polar motion is shown by plotting the variation in latitude of the laser in seconds of arc along the earth's surface as a function of date
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 216-219
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2006-03-26
    Description: A computer program was developed for the calculation of a goid based upon a combination of satellite and surface gravity data. A detailed gravimetric geoid of North America, the North Atlantic, Eurasia, and Australia was derived by using this program.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 212-215
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  • 35
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    Publication Date: 2006-03-26
    Description: Satellite applications in earth and ocean dynamic studies are considered for: earthquake hazard assessment and alleviation; prediction of general ocean circulation, surface currents, and heat transport; monitoring of transient phenomena of the ocean surface, such as sea state and wave conditions, wind-surface interactions and storm searches; and refinement of the global geoid, the gravity and magnetic fields of the earth.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 211
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2006-03-26
    Description: Diurnal temperature variations in the upper atmosphere are caused by heating resulting from the absorption of solar energy by ozone near the stratopause and by water vapor in the troposphere. Theoretical temperature variations given as a function of time and height show a discrepancy for the maximum temperature variation. A comprehensive set of acoustic grande soundings establish phase changes with altitude in agreement with the theory although times of maximum and minimum are not aligned at all altitudes.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 205-208
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  • 37
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    Publication Date: 2006-03-26
    Description: Atmospheric radiation models and methods of computing radiation effects are reported that are important both in the meteorological and Earth Resources Satellite programs. Results of using them to compute the atmospheric effects on just the ERTS observations are presented.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 193-195
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2006-03-26
    Description: Medium resolution infrared radiometer observations at the 6.7 micrometer and the 11 micrometer regions by satellite during the maximum intensification phase of hurricane Camille show increasing black body temperatures near the center. This is attributed to increased upward vertical motion in the interior of the cyclone, which is an indication of rapid intensification.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 196-200
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2006-03-26
    Description: Spectral signatures of phytoplankton and other obscuring effects are considered in order to determine how to best use satellite data. The results of this study were then used to analyze the spectral data obtained from the ERTS-1 multispectral scanner (MSS). The analyzed satellite data were finally compared with surface ship measurements of chlorophyll concentration. It was found that the effects of water turbidity on the multispectral imagery can be discriminated by rationing the two shortest wavelength channels so that the effect of phytoplankton is enhanced.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 190-192
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  • 40
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    Publication Date: 2006-03-26
    Description: Remote sensing by ERTS-1 provides overlapping coverage on sequential days of dynamic changes in Arctic Sea ice and allows for route planning of shipping in the polar region.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 182-186
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  • 41
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    Publication Date: 2006-03-26
    Description: The applicability of multispectral ERTS-1 imagery to polar ice detection, local current effects, map corrections, relative lake depth measurements, and estimates of ice breakup is discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 178-181
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  • 42
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    Publication Date: 2006-03-26
    Description: An overview is given of research and development activities at the Laboratory for Meteorology and Earth Sciences. Highlights of satellite techniques in earth observation missions and projects are outlined, as are remote sensing methods by aircraft overflights; most noteworthy among these is the development of multispectral scanners that monitor both the reflected infrared solar radiation and the emitted terrestrial radiation. The application of observations to the survey of environmental conditions and resource management is emphasized.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 161-177
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2005-09-05
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    Type: Ann. Progr. Rev.; 5 p
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  • 44
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  • 45
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  • 46
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  • 47
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    Type: Ann. Progr. Rev.; 8 p
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  • 48
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    Publication Date: 2005-09-05
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  • 55
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  • 56
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  • 57
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  • 58
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  • 59
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  • 60
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  • 61
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  • 62
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  • 63
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  • 64
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  • 65
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  • 66
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  • 67
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    Publication Date: 2005-08-31
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  • 68
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A review is presented of theories and observations of current sheets in the magnetosphere, emphasizing the magnetopause and tail current sheets. Theoretical models of the magnetopause current sheet can be divided into two types: specular reflection and fluid models containing no external magnetic field, and models with an interplanetary/magnetosheath magnetic field. Our understanding of the first type is much better than of the second, although magnetospheric observations indicate that the external magnetic field plays an important role. Most of the theoretical models of the tail current sheet attempt to arrive at an understanding of the reconnection process or start with the assumption that reconnection is important. Observations are reviewed and implications for the models are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 69
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: It is shown that the fields of velocity, eddy viscosity, potential temperature, and specific humidity in a planetary boundary layer are decoupled by the introduction of a free parameter, Q, which combines the effects of thermal and humidity stratification. Solutions of the whole system are shown to be obtainable by the method of trial and error on Q. Results show good agreement when both the thermal and humidity stratification are accounted for.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Monthly Weather Review; 101; Aug. 197
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  • 71
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Review of the magnetospheric morphology, using the method of the Delta B topology, where Delta B is the difference between the observed and a reference field. It is confirmed that Delta B continuously decreases inward to close distances from the earth at all local times. Extrapolating the statistical relation between Dst at the ground and the equatorial Delta B obtained from OGO-5 near perigee, it is shown that Dst is 54 gammas, when Delta B is zero at approximately 2 to 3 earth radii. Conversely, for a magnetically quiet condition as defined by Dst = 0, the average equatorial Delta B at these distances is -45 gammas. These results demonstrate the significance of the effects of the magnetospheric equatorial current that exists even at quiet times. A preliminary study of inclination shows that the field lines on the dusk side are more stretched out than on the dawn side. A comparison of declination on both sides indicates that the bending of the field lines toward the tail is greater near dusk than near dawn. These results suggest an appreciable dawn-dusk asymmetry in the configuration of the inner magnetospheric field.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Planetary and Space Science; 21; Dec. 197
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  • 73
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Recently, Svalgaard and Heppner reported two separate features of the polar electromagnetic field that correlate with the dawn-dusk component of the interplanetary magnetic field. This work attempts to explain these findings in terms of properties of the open magnetosphere. The topology and qualitative properties of the open magnetosphere are first studied by means of a simple model, consisting of a dipole in a constant field. Many such properties are found to depend on the separation line, a curve connecting neutral points and separating different field line regimes. In the simple model it turns out that the electric field in the central polar cap tends to point from dawn to dusk for a wide variety of external fields, but, near the boundary of the polar cap, electric equipotentials are deformed into crescents.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Nov. 1
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A computer program is developed which predicts the vertical distribution of an absorbing species in an isotropically-scattering, finite planetary atmosphere from measurements of the upwelling band radiance determined by a vertically traversing 2-channel radiometer. Comparison is made with experiment.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer; 13; Dec. 197
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Measurement of the altitude profile of electron temperature in the ionospheric D region with the aid of a symmetric double probe flown on a Nike-Cajun payload launched on Oct. 13, 1971. The procedure for determining the electron temperature from the parameters of the double probe's current-voltage characteristic under conditions of nonnegligible ion-atom collision frequencies is described. It is shown that in its first lower ionospheric application the technique of the symmetric double probe has yielded the lowest values of electron temperature yet measured and has provided the very first direct measurement of electron temperature in the D region.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Nov. 1
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Discussion of the temperature-density phase anomaly on the basis of a quasi-three-dimensional model in which the thermosphere dynamics associated with wind circulation is considered in a self-consistent form. Included in this analysis are the first three harmonics, which involve nonlinear coupling between diurnal and semidiurnal tides. It is shown that the phase anomaly with exospheric temperature peaks near 1600 LT and mass density peaks between 1400 and 1445 LT can be reproduced in a self-consistent theory without invoking ad hoc assumptions and boundary conditions that would mask the physical processes to be explored. A number of factors and processes are found to contribute to the phase anomaly, including the semidiurnal and particularly the terdiurnal components, heat advection, diffusion, and energy coupling with the lower atmosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Nov. 1
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  • 77
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The fundamental physical and chemical processes in an idealized planetary ionosphere are considered as a general abstraction, with actual planetary ionospheres representing special cases. After describing the structure of the neutral atmospheres (the barosphere, the thermosphere, and the exosphere) and noting the principal ionizing radiations responsible for the formation of planetary ionospheres, a detailed study is made of the thermal structure of these ionospheres and of the chemical processes and plasma-transport processes occurring in them. The features of equilibrium and realistic models of planetary ionospheres are discussed, and an attempt is made to determine the extent of these ionospheres. Considering the ionosphere as a plasma, a plasma kinetic approach is developed for determining the effects of interactions between individual particles and waves in this plasma. The use of remote-sensing radio techniques and direct measurement or in situ techniques is discussed. Finally, the observed properties of the ionospheres of the Earth, Mars, Venus, and Jupiter are reviewed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The meaning and characteristics of basic and average convection (i.e., electric field) patterns are described. The continuous existence of the basic convection pattern argues against treating magnetic field merging mechanisms as the fundamental cause of magnetospheric convection. However, whether related to merging or to some other mechanism, interplanetary magnetic field conditions significantly modulate the distribution, magnitudes, and boundaries of the convection pattern. A previous correlation between azimuthal angles of the interplanetary magnetic field and asymmetries in polar cap electric field distributions as seen by OGO-6 is reviewed. A new approach is taken to reveal correlations with the north-south angle and magnitude of the interplanetary field as well as additional features which correlate with the azimuthal angle. Both significant correlations and conditions which show a lack of correlation are found. Several aspects of the correlations appear to be particularly important.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Observations, from the Apollo 16 Spacecraft, in lunar orbit, of the total radiance of the K + F corona, from 3 to 55 solar radii are presented and discussed. The logarithmic slope of the K + F coronal radiance, at distances greater than 20 solar radii, is found to be n equals 1.93, slightly less steep than previous determinations. The photometric axis of the radiance is found to be displaced 3 plus or minus 1 deg north of the ecliptic, at distances greater than 20 solar radii, and this displacement is interpreted as an annual variation due to non-coincidence of the ecliptic and the symmetry axis of the zodiacal cloud.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Planetary and Space Science; 21; Dec. 197
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  • 80
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Magnetic hysteresis loops and the derived hysteresis ratios R sub H and R sub I are used to classify the various natural dilute magnetic materials. R sub I is the ratio of saturation isothermal remanence (I sub R) to saturation (I sub S) magnetization, and R sub H is the ratio of remanent coercive force (H sub R) to coercive force (H sub C). The R sub H and R sub I values depend on grain size, the characteristics of separate size modes in mixtures of grains of high and low coercivity, and the packing characteristics. Both R sub H and R sub I are affected by thermochemical alterations of the ferromagnetic fraction. Hysteresis loop constriction is observed in lunar samples, chondrite meteorites, and thermochemically altered basaltic rocks, and is due to mixtures of components of high and low coercivity. Discrete ranges of R sub H and R sub I for terrestrial and lunar samples and for chondrite meteorites provide for a classification of these natural materials based on their hysteresis properties.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 20; 1, Se; Sept
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  • 81
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Keywords: GENERAL
    Type: the Shock and Vibration Inform. Center The Shock and Vibration Bull., Pt. 4; p 163-173
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  • 82
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Conclusions and recommendations are presented for an analysis of the total energy situation; the effect of the energy problem on air transportation; and hydrogen fuel for aircraft. Properties and production costs of fuels, future prediction for energy and transportation, and economic aspects of hydrogen production are appended.
    Keywords: GENERAL
    Type: The Energy Dilemma and Its Impact on Air Transportation; p 119-173
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  • 83
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The changing pattern of transportation is discussed, and the energy intensiveness of various modes of transportation is also analyzed. Sociopsychological data affecting why people travel by air are presented, along with governmental regulation and air transportation economics. The aviation user tax structure is shown in tabular form.
    Keywords: GENERAL
    Type: The Energy Dilemma and Its Impact on Air Transportation; p 49-70
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The ultraviolet earth radiance data from the backscatter ultraviolet experiment on Nimbus 4 have been inverted to infer ozone profiles using a single Rayleigh scattering model. Two methods of solution give essentially the same results. Comparison of these profiles with simultaneous rocket sounding data shows satisfactory agreement at low and middle latitudes. Vertical cross-sections of ozone mixing ratio along the orbital tracks indicate that while the gross characteristics of the ozone field above 10 mb are under photochemical control, the influence of atmospheric motions can be found up to the 4 mb level.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Review of some of the procedures and results of the double monochromator and colinear photometer Nimbus-4 satellite experiment that measures ultraviolet terrestrial radiance, Lambert reflectivity of the lower boundary of the scattering atmosphere, and extraterrestrial solar irradiance. The experiment has produced nearly three years of almost continuous data which are being used to infer the high-level ozone distribution and total ozone on a global basis. The high-level ozone data have been verified by independent coincident rocket ozone soundings, and the total ozone values show good agreement with Dobson spectrophotometer determinations. An increase has been observed in equatorial radiance at 2550 A relative to 2900 A, which seems to indicate that the amount of ozone in the upper stratosphere is related to the eleven-year solar cycle.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Recent Jimsphere/Jimsonde measurements of tropospheric temperature profile spectra in the wavelength band from 50 to 2000 meters above the atmospheric boundary layer, taken over Cape Kennedy, Florida, are summarized. The results suggest that the spectra can be represented in the nondimensional form (omega sub g/sigma sub w)phi(k)/sigma sub T squared = S(K), where phi(k) is the temperature profile spectrum at wave number k, omega sub g is the Brunt-Vasala frequency, sigma sub w and sigma sub T denote the standard deviations of the vertical velocity and temperature profiles, and S is a universal function of nondimensional wave number K = k sigma sub w/omega sub g.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Sept. 20
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  • 87
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Since May 1970, personnel on several campuses of the University of California have been conducting investigations which seek to determine the usefulness of modern remote sensing techniques for studying various components of California's earth resources complex. Emphasis has been given to California's water resources as exemplified by the Feather River project and other aspects of the California Water Plan. This study is designed to consider in detail the supply, demand, and impact relationships. The specific geographic areas studied are the Feather River drainage in northern California, the Chino-Riverside Basin and Imperial Valley areas in southern California, and selected portions of the west side of San Joaquin Valley in central California. An analysis is also given on how an effective benefit-cost study of remote sensing in relation to California's water resources might best be made.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: An Integrated Study of Earth Resources in the State of Calif. Using Remote Sensing Tech.; 7 p
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The areas of focus of the Santa Barbara and Riverside groups in conducting water demand studies are the central and southern California regional test sites, respectively. Within each test site, sub-areas have been selected for use in the making of detailed investigations. Within each of these sub-areas an in-depth evaluation is being made as to the capability of remote sensing systems to provide pertinent data relative to water demand phenomena. These more limited sub-areas are: (1) Kern County and the San Joaquin Basin; (2) Chino-Riverside Basin; and (3) the Imperial Valley. Rational for the selection of these subareas included the following: Much of the previous remote sensing research had been conducted in these areas and therefore a great deal of remote sensing imagery and pertinent ground truth for the areas was already available.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: An Integrated Study of Earth Resources in the State of Calif. Using Remote Sensing Tech.; 71 p
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The primary test site for water supply investigations continues to be the Feather River watershed in northeastern California. This test site includes all of the area draining into and including the Oroville Reservoir. The principal effort is to determine the extent to which remote sensing techniques, when properly employed, can provide information useful to those persons concerned with the management and planning of lands and facilities for the production of water, using the Oroville Reservoir and the California Water Project as the focus for the study. In particular, emphasis is being placed on determining the cost effectiveness of information derived through remote sensing as compared with that currently being derived through more conventional means.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: An Integrated Study of Earth Resources in the State of Calif. Using Remote Sensing Tech.; 110 p
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A three-month summer study of gaming, as applied to urban problems, was conducted. The results of the study are presented along with a series of recommendations aimed at guiding the warranted efforts of others to further explore the application of scientific gaming to the solution of some of America's urban problems. Three main topics are considered and are discussed in depth. These include: (1) gaming and urbanology, (2) methodology and lessons, and (3) reforms in the Cities Game.
    Keywords: GENERAL
    Type: Drexel Univ. Res. and Educ. in Management of Large-Scale Tech. Programs; p 140-154
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The question of how ready the public is for the implementation of large-scale programs of technological change is considered. Four vital aspects of the issue are discussed which include: (1) the ways in which the public mis-perceives the change process, (2) the ways in which recent history impacts on public attitudes, (3) the ways in which the public divides among itself, and (4) the fundamentals of public attitudes towards change. It is concluded that nothing is so critical in the 1970's to securing public approval for large-scale planned change projects as is securing the approval by change-agents of the public.
    Keywords: GENERAL
    Type: Drexel Univ. Res. and Educ. in Management of Large-Scale Tech. Programs; p 128-139
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  • 92
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The planning process is outlined which NASA used in making some fundamental post-Apollo decisions concerning the reuseable space shuttle and the orbiting laboratory. It is suggested that the basic elements and principles of the process, when combined, form a useful planning approach for solving urban problems. These elements and principles are defined along with the basic strengths of the planning model.
    Keywords: GENERAL
    Type: Res. and Educ. in Management of Large-Scale Tech. Programs; p 115-127
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  • 93
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The barium cloud injection deep into the magnetosphere of Sept. 21, 1971, has revealed that the quiet-time near-equatorial nightside magnetic field is significantly different from that predicted by existing quite-time models. The influence of currents flowing on or near the geomagnetic equator gives the field a more tail-like structure at a distance as close as 5 earth radii. Several models have been tried out to obtain a best fit to the experimental observations of the shape of the field-aligned ion cloud. Although this method does not lead to a unique solution, the most acceptable option emerging from this analysis is a quiet-time tilted image-dipole model with a Williams-Mead tail field and a disclike ring current on the geomagnetic equator.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Sept. 1
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  • 94
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An attempt is made to provide simple identification and description of techniques that have proved to be most useful either in developing a new product or in improving reliability of an established product. The first reliability task is obtaining and organizing parts failure rate data. Other tasks are parts screening, tabulation of general failure rates, preventive maintenance, prediction of new product reliability, and statistical demonstration of achieved reliability. Five principal tasks for improving reliability involve the physics of failure research, derating of internal stresses, control of external stresses, functional redundancy, and failure effects control. A final task is the training and motivation of reliability specialist engineers.
    Keywords: GENERAL
    Type: Quality Progress; 6; Sept
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  • 95
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A statistical analysis of the availability of fossil fuels for energy and non-energy production is presented. The cumulative requirements for petroleum, natural gas, and coal are discussed. Alternate forms of energy are described and the advantages and limitations are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on solar energy availability and methods for conversion. The Federal energy research and development funding for energy sources is tabulated.
    Keywords: GENERAL
    Type: TERRASTAR: Terrest. Appl. of Solar Technol. and Res.; 34 p
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This paper reviews the optical data obtained by NASA in the joint NASA-MPE experiment conducted on September 21, 1971, involving the release of a barium cloud at an altitude of about 31,500 km over Colombia, South America. The data indicated an anomalously high rate of elongation and an unexpectedly large rate of deceleration of the main core of the ion cloud. The outermost striational features achieved a steady velocity within a few minutes, thus indicating that they had acquired the velocity of the ambient plasma. From the observed drift of these striations, one deduces an electric field that, when referred to a coordinate system rotating with the earth, has a meridional component directed toward the interior of the magnetic loop of 0.14 mV/m and a component perpendicular to the meridional plane of 0.15 mV/m directed to the west.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Sept. 1
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Amplitudes and phases for the diurnal and semidiurnal variations of thermospheric molecular nitrogen density and temperature are determined from data obtained by six rocket-launched thermosphere probes. The semidiurnal tide is significant for the lower thermosphere variations, where it could dominate in the N2 density at 140 km and in the temperature for altitudes between 170 and 200 km. At exospheric heights, the magnitudes of the semidiurnal modes in density and temperature are significantly smaller than those of the diurnal mode. The temperature phase is height-dependent in both diurnal and semidiurnal components below 200 km, thus contributing to phase differences between N2 density and temperature in both modes. No significant phase differences are apparent between N2 density and thermospheric temperature above 250 km.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Sept. 1
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The atomic oxygen emission line at 6300 A as measured in the nadir direction by a photometer on the polar-orbiting satellite Ogo 4 has been plotted between 40 deg N and 40 deg S latitude on a series of maps for the moon-free periods between Aug. 30, 1967, and Jan. 10, 1968. Readily apparent are the longitudinal and local time variations that occur during the northern fall-winter season. The northern tropical arc is more widespread; the southern arc is not present at all longitudes. The arcs in early evening are strong and distinct, separated by very low emission rates at the magnetic equator. The arcs lie generally along magnetic parallels, move toward the magnetic equator as the night progresses, and, in the early morning hours, decrease in emission rate and degenerate into patches.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Sept. 1
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  • 99
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Photoelectric observations are reported of two occultations of Jupiter's satellite Europa by the satellite Io. The reductions in the intensity during these events exceeds predicted values by 80% and 55% for the nights of June 17, 1973, and June 24, 1973, respectively. It is concluded that Europa has a bright polar cap extending from the north pole to latitude 30 deg. The light curves for the Europa occultations are presented.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Nature; 244; Aug. 31
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  • 100
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A technique is given for obtaining exact analytical solutions for wind-driven currents in a shallow lake or sea with a large class of bottom topographies which may or may not contain an island. Welander's second-order partial differential equation for the lake's surface displacement is used for determining the lake circulation. The technique, together with some results based on conformal mapping, is used to reduce the problem of finding solutions to Welander's equation for a closed body of water to the problem of solving an ordinary differential equation. The method is applied to an elliptically shaped lake and a circular lake containing an eccentrically located circular island.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics; 26; Aug. 197
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