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  • Artikel  (55)
  • Protein Conformation  (55)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (55)
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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-01-13
    Beschreibung: The chemical synthesis of biologically active peptides and polypeptides can be achieved by using a convergent strategy of condensing protected peptide segments to form the desired molecule. An oxime support increases the ease with which intermediate protected peptides can be synthesized and makes this approach useful for the synthesis of peptides in which secondary structural elements have been redesigned. The extension of these methods to large peptides and proteins, for which folding of secondary structures into functional tertiary structures is critical, is discussed. Models of apolipoproteins, the homeo domain from the developmental protein encoded by the Antennapedia gene of Drosophila, a part of the Cro repressor, and the enzyme ribonuclease T1 and a structural analog have been synthesized with this method.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, E T -- Mihara, H -- Laforet, G A -- Kelly, J W -- Walters, L -- Findeis, M A -- Sasaki, T -- DK07825/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM12054/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL-186577/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 13;243(4888):187-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2492114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; Apolipoproteins A/chemical synthesis ; Humans ; Indicators and Reagents ; Lipoproteins, HDL/chemical synthesis ; Peptides/*chemical synthesis ; Protein Conformation ; Proteins/*chemical synthesis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-06-30
    Beschreibung: Complementary DNA's that encode an adenylyl cyclase were isolated from a bovine brain library. Most of the deduced amino acid sequence of 1134 residues is divisible into two alternating sets of hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains. Each of the two large hydrophobic domains appears to contain six transmembrane spans. Each of the two large hydrophilic domains contains a sequence that is homologous to a single cytoplasmic domain of several guanylyl cyclases; these sequences may represent nucleotide binding sites. An unexpected topographical resemblance between adenylyl cyclase and various plasma membrane channels and transporters was observed. This structural complexity suggests possible, unappreciated functions for this important enzyme.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krupinski, J -- Coussen, F -- Bakalyar, H A -- Tang, W J -- Feinstein, P G -- Orth, K -- Slaughter, C -- Reed, R R -- Gilman, A G -- CA16519/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM12230/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM34497/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 30;244(4912):1558-64.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2472670" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Adenylyl Cyclases/genetics/isolation & purification ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/enzymology ; *Carrier Proteins ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; *Ion Channels ; Membrane Proteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Protein Conformation ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-03-31
    Beschreibung: C/EBP is a rat liver nuclear protein capable of sequence-specific interaction with DNA. The DNA sequences to which C/EBP binds in vitro have been implicated in the control of messenger RNA synthesis. It has therefore been predicted that C/EBP will play a role in regulating gene expression in mammalian cells. The region of the C/EBP polypeptide required for direct interaction with DNA has been identified and shown to bear amino acid sequence relatedness with the product of the myc, fos, and jun proto-oncogenes. The arrangement of these related amino acid sequences led to the prediction of a new structural motif, termed the "leucine zipper," that plays a role in facilitating sequence-specific interaction between protein and DNA. Experimental tests now provide support for the leucine zipper hypothesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landschulz, W H -- Johnson, P F -- McKnight, S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 31;243(4899):1681-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Embryology, Baltimore, MD 21210.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2494700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; DNA/*metabolism ; Glutaral ; Leucine ; Liver/*analysis ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Weight ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Rats ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-08-11
    Beschreibung: The three-dimensional solution structure of a zinc finger nucleic acid binding motif has been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Spectra of a synthetic peptide corresponding to a single zinc finger from the Xenopus protein Xfin yielded distance and dihedral angle constraints that were used to generate structures from distance geometry and restrained molecular dynamics calculations. The zinc finger is an independently folded domain with a compact globular structure in which the zinc atom is bound by two cysteine and two histidine ligands. The polypeptide backbone fold consists of a well-defined helix, starting as alpha and ending as 3(10) helix, packed against two beta strands that are arranged in a hairpin structure. A high density of basic and polar amino acid side chains on the exposed face of the helix are probably involved in DNA binding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, M S -- Gippert, G P -- Soman, K V -- Case, D A -- Wright, P E -- GM 36643/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM38794/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 11;245(4918):635-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2503871" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cysteine/metabolism ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Histidine/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Metalloproteins/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Protein Conformation ; Solutions ; Thermodynamics ; Xenopus ; Zinc/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-11-17
    Beschreibung: Rana esculenta tropomyosin assembles in vivo into a coiled-coil alpha helix from two different subunits, alpha and beta, which are present in about equal concentrations. Although the native composition is alpha beta, a mixture of equal amounts of alpha alpha and beta beta is produced by refolding dissociated alpha and beta at low temperature in vitro. Refolding kinetics showed that alpha alpha formed first and was relatively stable with regard to chain exchange below approximately 20 degrees C. Equilibration of the homodimer mixture at 30 degrees and 34 degrees C for long times, however, resulted in the formation of the native alpha beta molecule by chain exchange. Biosynthesis of alpha beta from separate alpha and beta genes is, therefore, favored thermodynamically over the formation of homodimers, and biological factors need not be invoked to explain the preferred native alpha beta composition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lehrer, S S -- Qian, Y D -- Hvidt, S -- HL22461/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 17;246(4932):926-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Muscle Research, Boston Biomedical Research Institute, MA 02114.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2814515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Muscle, Smooth/metabolism ; Muscles/metabolism ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Denaturation ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Rana esculenta ; Thermodynamics ; Tropomyosin/genetics/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-08-11
    Beschreibung: The products of the nuclear oncogenes fos and jun are known to form heterodimers that bind to DNA and modulate transcription. Both proteins contain a leucine zipper that is important for heterodimer formation. Peptides corresponding to these leucine zippers were synthesized. When mixed, these peptides preferentially form heterodimers over homodimers by at least 1000-fold. Both homodimers and the heterodimer are parallel alpha helices. The leucine zipper regions from Fos and Jun therefore correspond to autonomous helical dimerization sites that are likely to be short coiled coils, and these regions are sufficient to determine the specificity of interaction between Fos and Jun. The Fos leucine zipper forms a relatively unstable homodimer. Instability of homodimers provides a thermodynamic driving force for preferential heterodimer formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Shea, E K -- Rutkowski, R -- Stafford, W F 3rd -- Kim, P S -- RR05711/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 11;245(4918):646-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2503872" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Circular Dichroism ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Disulfides ; *Leucine ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Fragments/chemical synthesis ; Protein Conformation ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; *Transcription Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-01-06
    Beschreibung: The temperature dependences of the reduction potentials (E degrees') of wild-type human myoglobin (Mb) and three site-directed mutants have been measured by the use of thin-layer spectroelectrochemistry. Residue Val68, which is in van der Waals contact with the heme in Mb, has been replaced by Glu, Asp, and Asn. The changes in E degrees' and the standard entropy (delta S degrees') and enthalpy (delta H degrees') of reduction in the mutant proteins were determined relative to values for wild type; the change in E degrees' at 25 degrees C was about -200 millivolts for the Glu and Asp mutants, and about -80 millivolts for the Asn mutant. At pH 7.0, reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) in the Glu and Asp mutants is accompanied by uptake of a proton by the protein. These studies demonstrate that Mb can tolerate substitution of a buried hydrophobic group by potentially charged and polar residues and that such amino acid replacements can lead to substantial changes in the redox thermodynamics of the protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Varadarajan, R -- Zewert, T E -- Gray, H B -- Boxer, S G -- DK 19038/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM 27738/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 6;243(4887):69-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2563171" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Asparagine ; Aspartic Acid ; Glutamates ; Glutamic Acid ; Heme/metabolism ; Humans ; Mutation ; Myoglobin/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Conformation ; Recombinant Proteins/*metabolism ; Thermodynamics ; Valine
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-07-21
    Beschreibung: In the Table of Contents of the 24 March 1989 issue, the title of the report "Histamine is an intracellular messenger mediating platelet aggregation" by S. P. Saxena et al. appearing on page 1596 was incorrectly printed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tong, L -- Milburn, M V -- de Vos, A M -- Kim, S H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 21;245(4915):244.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2665078" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Protein Conformation ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-01-06
    Beschreibung: The high affinity of the noncovalent interaction between biotin and streptavidin forms the basis for many diagnostic assays that require the formation of an irreversible and specific linkage between biological macromolecules. Comparison of the refined crystal structures of apo and a streptavidin:biotin complex shows that the high affinity results from several factors. These factors include the formation of multiple hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions between biotin and the protein, together with the ordering of surface polypeptide loops that bury the biotin in the protein interior. Structural alterations at the biotin binding site produce quaternary changes in the streptavidin tetramer. These changes apparently propagate through cooperative deformations in the twisted beta sheets that link tetramer subunits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weber, P C -- Ohlendorf, D H -- Wendoloski, J J -- Salemme, F R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 6;243(4887):85-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Central Research & Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Neumours and Company, Inc., Wilmington, DE 19880-0228.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2911722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Biotin/*metabolism ; Macromolecular Substances ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Streptavidin ; X-Ray Diffraction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-07-28
    Beschreibung: Two members of the hsp70 family, termed hsc70 and BiP, have been implicated in promoting protein folding and assembly processes in the cytoplasm and the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. Short hydrophilic (8 to 25 residues) synthetic peptides have now been tested as possible mimics of polypeptide chain substrates to help define an enzymatic basis for these activities. Both BiP and hsc70 have specific peptide binding sites. Peptide binding elicits hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate, with the subsequent release of bound peptide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flynn, G C -- Chappell, T G -- Rothman, J E -- GM-25662/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 28;245(4916):385-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, NJ 08544.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2756425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Cattle ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Heat-Shock Proteins/*metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Microsomes, Liver/metabolism ; *Molecular Chaperones ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-01-06
    Beschreibung: Plasminogen activator therapy for acute myocardial infarction has become standard medical practice. Bleeding complications, however, limit the utility of the currently available agents. This article reviews how the tools of molecular biology and protein engineering are being used to develop safer and more effective plasminogen activators.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haber, E -- Quertermous, T -- Matsueda, G R -- Runge, M S -- HL-19259/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-28015/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 6;243(4887):51-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cardiac Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2492113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Humans ; Myocardial Infarction/*drug therapy ; Plasminogen Activators/*therapeutic use ; Protein Conformation ; Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use ; Streptokinase/therapeutic use ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator/therapeutic use ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/therapeutic use
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-01-27
    Beschreibung: Recently, a hypothetical structure called a leucine zipper was proposed that defines a new class of DNA binding proteins. The common feature of these proteins is a region spanning approximately 30 amino acids that contains a periodic repeat of leucines every seven residues. A peptide corresponding to the leucine zipper region of the yeast transcriptional activator GCN4 was synthesized and characterized. This peptide associates in the micromolar concentration range to form a very stable dimer of alpha helices with a parallel orientation. Although some features of the leucine zipper model are supported by our experimental data, the peptide has the characteristics of a coiled coil.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Shea, E K -- Rutkowski, R -- Kim, P S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 27;243(4890):538-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2911757" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Circular Dichroism ; DNA/metabolism ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Disulfides ; *Fungal Proteins ; *Leucine ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Fragments ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Kinases ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; *Transcription Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-08-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 11;245(4918):598.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2669127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Binding Sites ; Endopeptidases ; HIV/*enzymology ; HIV Protease ; Molecular Structure ; *Protease Inhibitors ; Protein Conformation ; X-Ray Diffraction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-03-03
    Beschreibung: Passage of proteins across membranes during export from their site of synthesis to their final destination is mediated by leader peptides that paradoxically exhibit a unity of function in spite of a diversity of sequence. These leader peptides act in at least two stages of the export process: at entry into the pathway and subsequently during translocation across the membrane. How selectivity is imposed on the system in the absence of a consensus among the sequences of leader peptides is the main issue discussed here.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Randall, L L -- Hardy, S J -- GM29798/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 3;243(4895):1156-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biochemistry/Biophysics Program, Washington State University, Pullman 99164.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2646712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Biological Transport ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; *Models, Biological ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; Protein Sorting Signals/*physiology ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-08-04
    Beschreibung: Membrane-exposed residues are more hydrophobic than buried interior residues in the transmembrane regions of the photosynthetic reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. This hydrophobic organization is opposite to that of water-soluble proteins. The relative polarities of interior and surface residues of membrane and water soluble proteins are not simply reversed, however. The hydrophobicities of interior residues of both membrane and water-soluble proteins are comparable, whereas the bilayer-exposed residues of membrane proteins are more hydrophobic than the interior residues, and the aqueous-exposed residues of water-soluble proteins are more hydrophilic than the interior residues. A method of sequence analysis is described, based on the periodicity of residue replacement in homologous sequences, that extends conclusions derived from the known atomic structure of the reaction center to the more extensive database of putative transmembrane helical sequences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rees, D C -- DeAntonio, L -- Eisenberg, D -- GM31299/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM39558/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 4;245(4917):510-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 90024.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2667138" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Bacterial Proteins ; Cell Membrane/analysis ; Chemistry, Physical ; Fourier Analysis ; *Membrane Proteins ; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protein Conformation ; Rhodobacter sphaeroides/*ultrastructure ; Solubility ; Water
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 16
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-09-08
    Beschreibung: Complementary DNAs for the beta subunit of the dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel of rabbit skeletal muscle were isolated on the basis of peptide sequences derived from the purified protein. The deduced primary structure is without homology to other known protein sequences and is consistent with the beta subunit being a peripheral membrane protein associated with the cytoplasmic aspect of the sarcolemma. The protein contains sites that might be expected to be preferentially phosphorylated by protein kinase C and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. A messenger RNA for this protein appears to be expressed in brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruth, P -- Rohrkasten, A -- Biel, M -- Bosse, E -- Regulla, S -- Meyer, H E -- Flockerzi, V -- Hofmann, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 8;245(4922):1115-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Physiologische Chemie, Medizinische Fakultat, Homburg/Saar, Federal Republic of Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2549640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Calcium Channel Blockers/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Calcium Channels/drug effects/*metabolism ; Dihydropyridines/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscles/*analysis ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Nicotinic/drug effects/*isolation & purification/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 17
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-11-17
    Beschreibung: The proposal that the absorption maximum of the visual pigments is governed by interaction of the 11-cis-retinal chromophore with charged carboxylic acid side chains in the membrane-embedded regions of the proteins has been tested by mutating five Asp and Glu residues thought to be buried in rhodopsin. Changing Glu113 to Gln causes a dramatic shift in the absorption maximum from 500 nanometers to 380 nanometers, a decrease in the pKa (acidity constant) of the protonated Schiff base of the chromophore to about 6, and a greatly increased reactivity with hydroxylamine. Thus Glu113 appears to be the counterion to the protonated Schiff base. Wavelength modulation in visual pigments apparently is not governed by electrostatic interaction with carboxylate residues, other than the counterion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhukovsky, E A -- Oprian, D D -- 5T32 GM07596-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- EY07965/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY007965/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- S07 RR07044/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 17;246(4932):928-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2573154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Aspartic Acid ; Glutamates ; Glutamic Acid ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydroxylamine ; Hydroxylamines/pharmacology ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Retinal Pigments/*metabolism ; Retinaldehyde/*metabolism ; Retinoids/*metabolism ; Rhodopsin/genetics/*metabolism ; Schiff Bases ; Spectrophotometry
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  • 18
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-11-17
    Beschreibung: The zona pellucida surrounding mouse oocytes is an extracellular matrix composed of three sulfated glycoproteins, ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3. It has been demonstrated that a monoclonal antibody to ZP3 injected into female mice inhibits fertilization by binding to the zona pellucida and blocking sperm penetration. A complementary DNA encoding ZP3 was randomly cleaved and 200- to 1000-base pair fragments were cloned into the expression vector lambda gt11. This epitope library was screened with the aforementioned contraceptive antibody, and the positive clones were used to map the seven-amino acid epitope recognized by the antibody. Female mice were immunized with a synthetic peptide containing this B cell epitope coupled to a carrier protein to provide helper T cell epitopes. The resultant circulating antibodies to ZP3 bound to the zona pellucida of immunized animals and produced long-lasting contraception. The lack of ovarian histopathology or cellular cytotoxicity among the immunized animals may be because of the absence of zona pellucida T cell epitopes in this vaccine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Millar, S E -- Chamow, S M -- Baur, A W -- Oliver, C -- Robey, F -- Dean, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 17;246(4932):935-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2479101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Contraception ; *Contraception, Immunologic ; DNA/genetics ; *Egg Proteins ; Epitopes/analysis ; Female ; Glycoproteins/genetics/*immunology ; Male ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Ovum/*physiology ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; *Receptors, Cell Surface ; *Vaccination ; Zona Pellucida/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 19
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-12-01
    Beschreibung: The structure of a complex between a peptide inhibitor with the sequence N-acetyl-Thr-Ile-Nle-psi[CH2-NH]-Nle-Gln-Arg.amide (Nle, norleucine) with chemically synthesized HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus 1) protease was determined at 2.3 A resolution (R factor of 0.176). Despite the symmetric nature of the unliganded enzyme, the asymmetric inhibitor lies in a single orientation and makes extensive interactions at the interface between the two subunits of the homodimeric protein. Compared with the unliganded enzyme, the protein molecule underwent substantial changes, particularly in an extended region corresponding to the "flaps" (residues 35 to 57 in each chain), where backbone movements as large as 7 A are observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, M -- Schneider, J -- Sathyanarayana, B K -- Toth, M V -- Marshall, G R -- Clawson, L -- Selk, L -- Kent, S B -- Wlodawer, A -- A-127302/PHS HHS/ -- N01-C0-74101/PHS HHS/ -- SM-24483/SM/CMHS SAMHSA HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 1;246(4934):1149-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NCI-Frederick Cancer Research Facility, BRI-Basic Research Program, MD 21701.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2686029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Chemistry, Physical ; Crystallization ; Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; Gene Products, gag/metabolism ; HIV Protease ; HIV-1/*enzymology ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Oligopeptides/*metabolism ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protease Inhibitors/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 20
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-08-04
    Beschreibung: The crystal structure of glycogen phosphorylase a complexed with its substrates, orthophosphate and maltopentaose, has been determined and refined at a resolution of 2.8 angstroms. With oligosaccaride bound at the glycogen storage site, the phosphate ion binds at the catalytic site and causes the regulatory and catalytic domains to separate with the loss of stabilizing interactions between them. Homotropic cooperativity between the active sites of the allosteric dimer results from rearrangements in isologous contacts between symmetry-related helices in the subunit interface. The conformational changes in the core of the interface are correlated with those observed on covalent activation by phosphorylation at Ser14 (phosphorylase b----a).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldsmith, E J -- Sprang, S R -- Hamlin, R -- Xuong, N H -- Fletterick, R J -- DK31507-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM00085-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 4;245(4917):528-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2756432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Allosteric Site ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Crystallization ; Crystallography ; Enzyme Activation ; Glucosephosphates/metabolism ; Glycogen/metabolism ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Oligosaccharides ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Phosphorylase a/*metabolism ; Phosphorylases/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; X-Ray Diffraction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 21
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-02-03
    Beschreibung: The dynamic character of phospholipid aggregates limits conventional structural studies to the determination of average molecular features. In order to develop more detailed descriptions of phospholipid structure for comparison with experiment, the molecular dynamics of a hydrated lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) micelle, incorporating 85 LPE and 1591 water molecules, have been simulated. Comparison of the initial and equilibrated micelles shows substantial differences both in LPE hydrocarbon chain conformation and polar head-group-solvent interactions. Although these changes produce only subtle effects on the averaged structural properties of the system, the alterations in hydrocarbon chain packing and head-group solvation appear to mimic a polymorphic pretransition from a spherical toward a cylindrical micelle structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wendoloski, J J -- Kimatian, S J -- Schutt, C E -- Salemme, F R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 3;243(4891):636-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Central Research and Development Department, Wilmington, DE 19880.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2916118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Colloids ; *Computer Simulation ; Crystallization ; Fatty Acids ; Glycerol ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Lipid Bilayers ; *Lysophospholipids ; *Micelles ; Molecular Structure ; Protein Conformation ; Solutions ; Solvents
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  • 22
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-03-10
    Beschreibung: The x-ray crystal structure of recombinant human renin has been determined. Molecular dynamics techniques that included crystallographic data as a restraint were used to improve an initial model based on porcine pepsinogen. The present agreement factor for data from 8.0 to 2.5 angstroms (A) is 0.236. Some of the surface loops are poorly determined, and these disordered regions border a 30 A wide solvent channel. Comparison of renin with other aspartyl proteinases shows that, although the structural cores and active sites are highly conserved, surface residues, some of which are critical for specificity, vary greatly (up to 10A). Knowledge of the actual structure, as opposed to the use of models based on related enzymes, should facilitate the design of renin inhibitors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sielecki, A R -- Hayakawa, K -- Fujinaga, M -- Murphy, M E -- Fraser, M -- Muir, A K -- Carilli, C T -- Lewicki, J A -- Baxter, J D -- James, M N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 10;243(4896):1346-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2493678" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases ; Cardiovascular Agents/pharmacology ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Pepsin A/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; *Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; *Renin/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 23
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-05-19
    Beschreibung: The gramicidin A transmembrane channel is believed to consist of two head-to-head beta helices. Computer-generated models were used to formulate the structure of new single-chain channel molecules based on the gramicidin motif. The chemical synthesis of two tartaric acid-gramicidin A hybrids and single-channel analyses of their conducting properties are reported. These studies illustrate the rational design and synthesis of long-lived channels with tunable conductance properties and provide support for current molecular models of the natural (dimeric) gramicidin channel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stankovic, C J -- Heinemann, S H -- Delfino, J M -- Sigworth, F J -- Schreiber, S L -- NS-21501/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 19;244(4906):813-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2471263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Computer Simulation ; Electric Conductivity ; Gramicidin/*metabolism ; Ion Channels/*metabolism ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Tartrates/*metabolism ; Thermodynamics
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  • 24
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-03-31
    Beschreibung: The protein products of the fos and jun proto-oncogenes form a heterodimeric complex that participates in a stable high affinity interaction with DNA elements containing AP-1 binding sites. The effects of deletions and point mutations in Fos and Jun on protein complex formation and DNA binding have been examined. The data suggest that Fos and Jun dimerize via a parallel interaction of helical domains containing a heptad repeat of leucine residues (the leucine zipper). Dimerization is required for DNA binding and results in the appropriate juxtaposition of basic amino acid regions from Fos and Jun, both of which are required for association with DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gentz, R -- Rauscher, F J 3rd -- Abate, C -- Curran, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 31;243(4899):1695-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Oncology, Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Nutley, NJ 07110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2494702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Glutaral ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; *Leucine ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; Rats ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 25
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-11-17
    Beschreibung: C/EBP is a sequence-specific DNA binding protein that regulates gene expression in certain mammalian cells. The region of the C/EBP polypeptide required for specific recognition of DNA is related in amino acid sequence to other regulatory proteins, including the Fos and Jun transforming proteins. It has been proposed that these proteins bind DNA via a bipartite structural motif, consisting of a dimerization interface termed the "leucine zipper" and a DNA contact surface termed the "basic region." An evaluation of the properties of conserved amino acids within the basic region of 11 deduced protein sequences, coupled with the observation that they are located at an invariant distance from the leucine zipper, has led to the formulation of a "scissors-grip" model for DNA binding. The architectural features of this model are well suited for interaction with directly abutted, dyadsymmetric DNA sequences. Data supportive of the model were obtained with chemical probes of protein: DNA complexes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vinson, C R -- Sigler, P B -- McKnight, S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 17;246(4932):911-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Research Laboratories, Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, MD 21210.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2683088" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; *Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Protein Conformation ; Substrate Specificity
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 26
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-02-17
    Beschreibung: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) encodes a protease that is essential for viral replication and is a member of the aspartic protease family. The recently determined three-dimensional structure of the related protease from Rous sarcoma virus has been used to model the smaller HIV-1 dimer. The active site has been analyzed by comparison to the structure of the aspartic protease, rhizopuspepsin, complexed with a peptide inhibitor. The HIV-1 protease is predicted to interact with seven residues of the protein substrate. This information can be used to design protease inhibitors and possible antiviral drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weber, I T -- Miller, M -- Jaskolski, M -- Leis, J -- Skalka, A M -- Wlodawer, A -- CA-06927/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA38046/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- N01-CO-74101/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 17;243(4893):928-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Crystallography Laboratory, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research Facility, MD 21701.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2537531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Avian Sarcoma Viruses/enzymology ; Binding Sites ; HIV-1/*enzymology ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Macromolecular Substances ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 27
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-04-21
    Beschreibung: Sodium channels from diverse excitable membranes are very similar in their structure, yet surprisingly heterogeneous in their behavior. The processes that govern the opening and closing of sodium channels have appeared difficult to describe in terms of a single, unifying molecular scheme. Now cardiac sodium channels have been analyzed by high-resolution single-channel recordings over a broad range of potentials. Channels exhibited both complex and simple gating patterns at different voltages. Such behavioral diversity can be explained by the balance between two molecular transitions whereby channels can exit the open state.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yue, D T -- Lawrence, J H -- Marban, E -- HL01874/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL36957/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Apr 21;244(4902):349-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2540529" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Electric Conductivity ; Heart/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Neurons/physiology ; Probability ; Protein Conformation ; Sodium Channels/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 28
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-08-11
    Beschreibung: The rational design of drugs that can inhibit the action of viral proteases depends on obtaining accurate structures of these enzymes. The crystal structure of chemically synthesized HIV-1 protease has been determined at 2.8 angstrom resolution (R factor of 0.184) with the use of a model based on the Rous sarcoma virus protease structure. In this enzymatically active protein, the cysteines were replaced by alpha-amino-n-butyric acid, a nongenetically coded amino acid. This structure, in which all 99 amino acids were located, differs in several important details from that reported previously by others. The interface between the identical subunits forming the active protease dimer is composed of four well-ordered beta strands from both the amino and carboxyl termini and residues 86 to 94 have a helical conformation. The observed arrangement of the dimer interface suggests possible designs for dimerization inhibitors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wlodawer, A -- Miller, M -- Jaskolski, M -- Sathyanarayana, B K -- Baldwin, E -- Weber, I T -- Selk, L M -- Clawson, L -- Schneider, J -- Kent, S B -- N01-CO-74101/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 11;245(4918):616-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Crystallography Laboratory, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research Facility, MD 21701.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2548279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases ; Avian Sarcoma Viruses/enzymology ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; *Endopeptidases/chemical synthesis ; HIV Protease ; HIV-1/*enzymology ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Macromolecular Substances ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Protein Conformation ; Solutions ; X-Ray Diffraction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 29
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-07-14
    Beschreibung: Nearly 20 percent of the packaged RNA in bean-pod mottle virus (BPMV) binds to the capsid interior in a symmetric fashion and is clearly visible in the electron density map. The RNA displaying icosahedral symmetry is single-stranded with well-defined polarity and stereochemical properties. Interactions with protein are dominated by nonbonding forces with few specific contacts. The tertiary and quaternary structures of the BPMV capsid proteins are similar to those observed in animal picornaviruses, supporting the close relation between plant comoviruses and animal picornaviruses established by previous biological studies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Z G -- Stauffacher, C -- Li, Y -- Schmidt, T -- Bomu, W -- Kamer, G -- Shanks, M -- Lomonossoff, G -- Johnson, J E -- AI18764/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 14;245(4914):154-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2749253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Capsid/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Crystallography ; Electron Probe Microanalysis ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mosaic Viruses/*analysis/genetics/ultrastructure ; Plant Viruses/*analysis/genetics/ultrastructure ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Viral/*metabolism/ultrastructure
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 30
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-02-10
    Beschreibung: As the originator of the oxygen in our atmosphere, the photosynthetic water-splitting enzyme of chloroplasts is vital for aerobic life on the earth. It has a manganese cluster at its active site, but it is poorly understood at the molecular level. Polarized synchrotron radiation was used to examine the x-ray absorption of manganese in oriented chloroplasts. The manganese site, in the "resting" (S1) state, is an asymmetric cluster, which probably contains four manganese atoms, with interatomic separations of 2.7 and 3.3 angstroms; the vector formed by the 3.3-angstrom manganese pair is oriented perpendicular to the membrane plane. Comparisons with model compounds suggest that the cluster contains bridging oxide or hydroxide ligands connecting the manganese atoms, perhaps with carboxylate bridges connecting the 3.3-angstrom manganese pair.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉George, G N -- Prince, R C -- Cramer, S P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 10;243(4892):789-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉EXXON Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, NJ 08801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2916124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Chloroplasts/*ultrastructure ; *Manganese ; Particle Accelerators ; *Photosynthesis ; Protein Conformation
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  • 31
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-02-03
    Beschreibung: The question of how the amino acid sequence of a protein specifies its three-dimensional structure remains to be answered. Proteins are so large and complex that it is difficult to discern the features in their sequences that contribute to their structural stability and function. One approach to this problem is de novo design of model proteins, much simpler than their natural counterparts, yet containing sufficient information in their sequences to specify a given function (for example, folding in aqueous solution, folding in membranes, or formation of ion channels). Designed proteins provide simple model systems for understanding protein structure and function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeGrado, W F -- Wasserman, Z R -- Lear, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 3;243(4891):622-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Central Research and Development Department, Wilmington, DE 19898.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2464850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Ion Channels ; Macromolecular Substances ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; *Proteins ; Solubility ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Tropomyosin ; Water
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  • 32
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-03-31
    Beschreibung: Uncoated recA-DNA complexes were imaged with the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The images, which reveal the right-handed helical structure of the complexes with subunits clearly resolved, are comparable in quality to STM images of metal-coated specimens. Possible conduction mechanisms that allow STM imaging of biological macromolecules are discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amrein, M -- Durr, R -- Stasiak, A -- Gross, H -- Travaglini, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 31;243(4899):1708-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Cell Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2928803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acetates ; Acetic Acid ; Adsorption ; Aluminum Silicates ; DNA/*metabolism ; Electrochemistry ; Macromolecular Substances ; Magnesium ; Magnesium Chloride ; *Microscopy, Electron ; Molecular Structure ; Protein Conformation ; Rec A Recombinases/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 33
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-02-17
    Beschreibung: Mutant flies in which the gene coding for the Shaker potassium channel is deleted still have potassium currents similar to those coded by the Shaker gene. This suggests the presence of a family of Shaker-like genes in Drosophila. By using a Shaker complementary DNA probe and low-stringency hybridization, three additional family members have now been isolated, Shab, Shaw, and Shal. The Shaker family genes are not clustered in the genome. The deduced proteins of Shab, Shaw, and Shal have high homology to the Shaker protein; the sequence identity of the integral membrane portions is greater than 50 percent. These genes are organized similarly to Shaker in that only a single homology domain containing six presumed membrane-spanning segments common to all voltage-gated ion channels is coded by each messenger RNA. Thus, potassium channel diversity could result from an extended gene family, as well as from alternate splicing of the Shaker primary transcript.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Butler, A -- Wei, A G -- Baker, K -- Salkoff, L -- 1 RO1 NS24785-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- GMO 7200/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 17;243(4893):943-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2493160" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Carrier Proteins/*genetics ; Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; *Genes ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Multigene Family ; Potassium Channels/*physiology ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Shab Potassium Channels
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  • 34
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-06-09
    Beschreibung: The three-dimensional structure of human serum albumin has been solved at 6.0 angstrom (A) resolution by the method of multiple isomorphous replacement. Crystals were grown from solutions of polyethylene glycol in the infrequently observed space group P42(1)2 (unit cell constants a = b = 186.5 +/- 0.5 A and c = 81.0 +/- 0.5 A) and diffracted x-rays to lattice d-spacings of less than 2.9 A. The electron density maps are of high quality and revealed the structure as a predominantly alpha-helical globin protein in which the course of the polypeptide can be traced. The binding loci of several organic compounds have been determined.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carter, D C -- He, X M -- Munson, S H -- Twigg, P D -- Gernert, K M -- Broom, M B -- Miller, T Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 9;244(4909):1195-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Space Sciences Laboratory, Marshall Space Flight Center, AL 35812.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2727704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Humans ; *Models, Molecular ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Protein Conformation ; *Serum Albumin ; X-Ray Diffraction
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  • 35
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-03-10
    Beschreibung: A strategy, termed homolog-scanning mutagenesis, was used to identify the epitopes on human growth hormone (hGH) for binding to its cloned liver receptor and eight different monoclonal antibodies (Mab's). Segments of sequences (7 to 30 residues long) that were derived from homologous hormones known not to bind to the hGH receptor or Mab's, were systematically substituted throughout the hGH gene to produce a set of 17 chimeric hormones. Each Mab or receptor was categorized by a particular subset of mutant hormones was categorized by a particular subset of mutant hormones that disrupted binding. Each subset of the disruptive mutations mapped within close proximity on a three-dimensional model of hGH, even though the residues changed within each subset were usually distant in the primary sequence. The mapping analysis correctly predicted those Mab's which could or could not block binding of the receptor to hGH and further suggested (along with other data) that the folding of these chimeric hormones is like that of HGH. By this analysis, three discontinuous polypeptide determinants in hGH--the loop between residues 54 and 74, the central portion of helix 4 to the carboxyl terminus, and to a lesser extent the amino-terminal region of helix 1--modulate binding to the liver receptor. Homolog-scanning mutagenesis should be of general use in identifying sequences that cause functional variation among homologous proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cunningham, B C -- Jhurani, P -- Ng, P -- Wells, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 10;243(4896):1330-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2466339" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Chimera ; Cloning, Molecular ; Epitopes/*analysis ; Genes ; Growth Hormone/*genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Somatotropin/*genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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  • 36
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1989-06-02
    Beschreibung: A strategy, called alanine-scanning mutagenesis, was used to identify specific side chains in human growth hormone (hGH) that strongly modulate binding to the hGH receptor cloned from human liver. Single alanine mutations (62 in total) were introduced at every residue contained within the three discontinuous segments of hGH (residues 2 to 19, 54 to 74, and 167 to 191) that have been implicated in receptor recognition. The alanine scan revealed a cluster of a dozen large side chains that when mutated to alanine each showed more than a four times lower binding affinity to the hGH receptor. Many of these residues that promote binding to the hGH receptor are altered in homologs of hGH (such as placental lactogens and prolactins) that do not bind tightly to the hGH receptor. The overall folding of these mutant proteins was indistinguishable from that of the wild-type hGH, as determined by strong cross-reactivities with seven different conformationally sensitive monoclonal antibodies. The alanine scan also identified at least one side chain, Glu174, that hindered binding because when it was mutated to alanine the receptor affinity increased by more than a factor of four.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cunningham, B C -- Wells, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 2;244(4908):1081-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2471267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Alanine ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Disulfides ; Epitopes/immunology ; Growth Hormone/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; *Mutation ; Placental Lactogen ; Prolactin ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Somatotropin/*metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 37
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-09-06
    Beschreibung: Recent advances in the preparation of synthetic peptide vaccines and the use of synthetic peptides as probes of antigenic structure and function have led to renewed interest in the prediction of antigenic sites recognized by antibodies and T cells. This review focuses on antibodies. Features intrinsic to the antigen, such as hydrophilicity and mobility, may be useful in the selection of amino acid sequences of the native protein that will elicit antibodies cross-reacting with peptides, or sequences which, as peptides, will be more likely to elicit antibodies cross-reactive with the native protein. Structural mobility may also contribute to protein-protein interactions in general. However, the entire accessible surface of a protein is likely to be detectable by a large enough panel of antibodies. Which of these antibodies are made in any individual depends on factors extrinsic to the antigen molecule, host factors such as self-tolerance, immune response genes, idiotype networks, and the immunoglobulin structural gene repertoire.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berzofsky, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 6;229(4717):932-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2410982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Antibody Specificity ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Clone Cells/immunology ; *Epitopes ; Genes ; Genes, MHC Class II ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes ; Lymphocyte Cooperation ; Motion ; Myoglobin/immunology ; Probability ; Protein Conformation ; Proteins/*immunology ; Solubility ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Surface Properties ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; Water
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 38
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-05-31
    Beschreibung: Wild-type and pseudorevertant signal peptides of the lamB gene product of Escherichia coli interact with lipid systems whereas a nonfunctional deletion mutant signal peptide does not. This conclusion is based on interaction of synthetic signal peptides with a lipid monolayer-water surface, conformational changes induced by presence of lipid vesicles in an aqueous solution of signal peptide, and capacities of the peptides to promote vesicle aggregation. Analysis of the signal sequences and previous conformational studies suggest that these lipid interaction properties may be attributable to the tendency of the functional signal peptides to adopt alpha-helical conformations. Although the possibility of direct interaction between the signal peptide and membrane lipids during protein secretion is controversial, the results suggest that conformationally related amphiphilicity and consequent membrane affinity of signal sequences are important for function in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Briggs, M S -- Gierasch, L M -- Zlotnick, A -- Lear, J D -- DeGrado, W F -- AM-27616/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1096-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3158076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Bacteriophage lambda/metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Chemistry, Physical ; Circular Dichroism ; Membrane Lipids/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Peptides/*metabolism ; Phospholipids/*metabolism ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Porins ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Sorting Signals ; Receptors, Virus/*metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Surface Properties ; Water
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 39
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-05-03
    Beschreibung: The structure of the (H2A-H2B-H3-H4)2 histone octamer has been determined by means of x-ray crystallographic techniques at a resolution of 3.3 angstroms. The octamer is a prolate ellipsoid 110 angstroms long and 65 to 70 angstroms in diameter, and its general shape is that of a rugby ball. The size and shape are radically different from those determined in earlier studies. The most striking feature of the histone octamer is its tripartite organization, that is, a central (H3-H4)2 tetramer flanked by two H2A-H2B dimers. The DNA helix, placed around the octamer in a path suggested by the features on the surface of the protein, appears like a spring holding the H2A-H2B dimers at either end of the (H3-H4)2 tetramer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burlingame, R W -- Love, W E -- Wang, B C -- Hamlin, R -- Nguyen, H X -- Moudrianakis, E N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 3;228(4699):546-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3983639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Chickens ; Chromatin/ultrastructure ; DNA/metabolism ; *Histones/metabolism ; Models, Chemical ; Nucleosomes/*ultrastructure ; Protein Conformation ; X-Ray Diffraction
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  • 40
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-02-22
    Beschreibung: The x-ray structure of chicken skeletal muscle troponin C (TnC), the Ca2+-binding subunit of the troponin complex, shows that the protein is about 70 angstroms long with an unusual dumbbell shape. The carboxyl and amino domains are separated by a single long alpha helix of about nine turns. Only the two high-affinity Ca2+-Mg2+ sites of the COOH-domain are occupied by metal ions resulting in conformational differences between the COOH- and NH2-domains. These differences are probably important in the triggering of muscle contraction by TnC. Also the structure of TnC is relevant in understanding the function of other calcium-regulated proteins, in particular that of calmodulin because of its strong similarity in amino acid sequence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sundaralingam, M -- Bergstrom, R -- Strasburg, G -- Rao, S T -- Roychowdhury, P -- Greaser, M -- Wang, B C -- AM-34139/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 22;227(4689):945-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3969570" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Calmodulin/physiology ; Chickens ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscles/physiology/ultrastructure ; Protein Conformation ; Troponin/*physiology ; Troponin C ; Turkeys ; X-Ray Diffraction
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  • 41
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-12-20
    Beschreibung: Electron microscopy of rotary-shadowed fibrinogen demonstrates that the molecules modified for crystallization by limited cleavage with a bacterial protease retain the major features of the native structure. This evidence, together with image processing and x-ray analysis of the crystals and of fibrin, has been used to develop a three-dimensional low resolution model for the molecule. The data indicate that the two large end domains of the molecule would be composed of the carboxyl-terminus of the B beta chain (proximal) and gamma chain (distal), respectively; the carboxyl-terminus of the A alpha chain would fold back to form an additional central domain. On this basis, the carboxyl-terminal region of each of the three chains of fibrinogen is folded independently into a globular domain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weisel, J W -- Stauffacher, C V -- Bullitt, E -- Cohen, C -- AM17346/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM07596-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL30954/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 20;230(4732):1388-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4071058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Computers ; Fibrinogen/*metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation
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  • 42
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-08-16
    Beschreibung: Picosecond time-resolved Raman spectra of hemoglobin generated with blue pulses (20 to 30 picoseconds) that were resonant with the Soret band and of sufficient intensity to completely photodissociate the starting liganded sample are reported. For both R- and T-state liganded hemoglobins, the peak frequencies in the spectrum of the deoxy transient were the same at approximately 25 picoseconds as those observed at 10 nanoseconds subsequent to photodissociation. In particular, the large R-T differences in the frequency of the stretching mode for the iron-proximal histidine bond (VFe-His) detected in previously reported nanosecond-resolved spectra were also evident in the picosecond-resolved spectra. The implications of this finding with respect to the distribution of strain energy in the liganded protein and the origin of the time course for geminate recombination are discussed. On the basis of these results, a microscopic model is proposed in which delocalization of strain energy is strongly coupled to the coordinate of the iron. The model is used to explain the origin of the R-T differences in the rates of ligand dissociation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Findsen, E W -- Friedman, J M -- Ondrias, M R -- Simon, S R -- 2-506 RR-8139/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM3333O-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 16;229(4714):661-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4023704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Allosteric Regulation ; *Hemoglobin A ; Humans ; Motion ; Protein Conformation ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Thermodynamics
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  • 43
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-09-27
    Beschreibung: The three-dimensional structure of poliovirus has been determined at 2.9 A resolution by x-ray crystallographic methods. Each of the three major capsid proteins (VP1, VP2, and VP3) contains a "core" consisting of an eight-stranded antiparallel beta barrel with two flanking helices. The arrangement of beta strands and helices is structurally similar and topologically identical to the folding pattern of the capsid proteins of several icosahedral plant viruses. In each of the major capsid proteins, the "connecting loops" and NH2- and COOH-terminal extensions are structurally dissimilar. The packing of the subunit "cores" to form the virion shell is reminiscent of the packing in the T = 3 plant viruses, but is significantly different in detail. Differences in the orientations of the subunits cause dissimilar contacts at protein-protein interfaces, and are also responsible for two major surface features of the poliovirion: prominent peaks at the fivefold and threefold axes of the particle. The positions and interactions of the NH2- and COOH-terminal strands of the capsid proteins have important implications for virion assembly. Several of the "connecting loops" and COOH-terminal strands form prominent radial projections which are the antigenic sites of the virion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hogle, J M -- Chow, M -- Filman, D J -- AI-20566/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-22346/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- NS-07078/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI020566/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 27;229(4720):1358-65.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Capsid/physiology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; HeLa Cells/microbiology ; Mutation ; Poliovirus/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Protein Conformation ; Virus Replication ; X-Ray Diffraction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 44
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-12-20
    Beschreibung: Crystals have been grown that contain the operator-binding domain of the lambda repressor and the lambda operator site OL1. Crystallization conditions were tested with a set of DNA fragments, ranging in length from 17 to 23 base pairs. The best crystals were grown with a 20-base pair DNA fragment. These crystals have space-group symmetry P2I, with unit cell dimensions a = 37.1 A, b = 68.8 A, c = 56.8 A, and a beta angle of 91.5 degrees. They diffracted to at least 2.5 A resolution. High resolution data from these crystals should allow the direct determination of how a repressor recognizes its operator site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jordan, S R -- Whitcombe, T V -- Berg, J M -- Pabo, C O -- GM 31471/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 20;230(4732):1383-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3906896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Base Sequence ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Crystallization ; DNA, Bacterial/*genetics ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; Repressor Proteins/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; X-Ray Diffraction
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  • 45
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-10-04
    Beschreibung: A 2.7 angstrom resolution x-ray diffraction analysis of a trypsin-modified form of the Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu reveals that the GDP-binding domain has a structure similar to that of other nucleotide-binding proteins. The GDP ligand is located at the COOH-terminal end of the beta sheet and is linked to the protein via a Mg2+ ion salt bridge. The location of the guanine ring is unusual; the purine ring is located on the outer edge of the domain, not deep within a hydrophobic pocket. The amino acids from Pro10 to Arg44 and from Gly59 to Glu190 have been assigned to the electron density with computer graphic techniques, and the resulting model is consistent with all known biochemical data. An analysis of the structure reveals that four regions of the amino acid sequence that are homologous with the family of ras oncogene proteins, termed p21, are located in the vicinity of the GDP-binding site, and most of the invariant amino acids shared by the proteins interact directly with the GDP ligand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jurnak, F -- GM 26895/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 4;230(4721):32-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3898365" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids/*analysis ; Binding Sites ; Chemistry, Physical ; Computers ; Escherichia coli ; Fourier Analysis ; Guanine Nucleotides/*analysis ; Guanosine Diphosphate/*analysis ; Magnesium/metabolism ; *Oncogenes ; Peptide Elongation Factor Tu ; Peptide Elongation Factors/*analysis ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protein Conformation ; Trypsin/metabolism ; X-Ray Diffraction
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  • 46
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-10-04
    Beschreibung: A model was developed for the structure of p21, the protein with a molecular weight of 21,000 that is produced by the ras genes. This model predicts that p21 consists of a central core of beta-sheet structure, connected by loops and alpha helices. Four of these loops comprise the guanine nucleotide binding site. The phosphoryl binding region is made up of amino acid sequences from 10 to 16 and from 57 to 63 of p21. The latter sequence may contain a site for magnesium binding. Amino acids defining guanine specificity are Asn-116 and Asp-119, and sequences around amino acid 145 may contribute to guanine binding. The model makes it possible to visualize how oncogenic mutations of p21 affect interaction with guanine nucleotides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCormick, F -- Clark, B F -- la Cour, T F -- Kjeldgaard, M -- Norskov-Lauritsen, L -- Nyborg, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 4;230(4721):78-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3898366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acids/analysis ; Animals ; *Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; *Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing) ; Cattle ; *Dihydroorotase ; Escherichia coli ; Guanine Nucleotides/metabolism ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/analysis ; Models, Chemical ; *Multienzyme Complexes ; Mutation ; *Oncogenes ; Peptide Elongation Factor Tu ; Peptide Elongation Factors/analysis ; Protein Conformation ; Proteins/*analysis ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Transducin
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  • 47
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-07-12
    Beschreibung: The picosecond geminate rebinding of molecular oxygen was monitored in a variety of different human, reptilian, and fish hemoglobins. The fast (100 to 200 picoseconds) component of the rebinding is highly sensitive to protein structure. Both proximal and distal perturbations of the heme affect this rebinding process. The rebinding yield for the fast process correlates with the frequency of the stretching motion of the iron-proximal histidine mode (VFe-His) observed in the transient Raman spectra of photodissociated ligated hemoglobins. The high-affinity R-state species exhibit the highest values for VFe-His and the highest yields for fast rebinding, whereas low affinity R-state species and T-state species exhibit lower values of VFe-His and correspondingly reduced yields for this geminate process. These findings link protein control of ligand binding with events at the heme.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Friedman, J M -- Scott, T W -- Fisanick, G J -- Simon, S R -- Findsen, E W -- Ondrias, M R -- Macdonald, V W -- 1 R01 GM 33330-1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- DHHS2-S06/DH/BHP HRSA HHS/ -- RR08139/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 12;229(4709):187-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4012316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Fishes ; Heme/metabolism ; Hemoglobins, Abnormal/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands/metabolism ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation
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  • 48
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-05-31
    Beschreibung: The complement cleavage product C5a is a potent stimulant of inflammatory processes; thus, inhibition of C5a activity is of therapeutic interest. The three-dimensional structure of the major portion of C5a was modeled from the homologous C3a crystal structure by comparative modeling techniques. The model shows that core residues of C5a are completely conserved, while external residues differ from C3a. Even though the amino-terminal 12 residues of C3a are disordered in the crystal, this sequence in C5a may form an amphipathic helix. The distribution of species sequence differences in the complete C5a structure suggests a possible receptor binding site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greer, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1055-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3992245" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Complement C5/metabolism ; Complement C5a ; Crystallography ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Complement/metabolism ; Thermodynamics
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  • 49
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-03-15
    Beschreibung: A theoretical methodology for use in conjunction with experiment was applied to the neurohypophyseal hormone lysine vasopressin for elucidation of its accessible molecular conformations and associated flexibility, conformational transitions, and dynamics. Molecular dynamics and energy minimization techniques make possible a description of the conformational properties of a peptide in terms of the precise positions of atoms, their fluctuations in time, and the interatomic forces acting on them. Analysis of the dynamic trajectory of lysine vasopressin shows the ability of a flexible peptide hormone to undergo spontaneous conformational transitions. The excursions of an individual phenylalanine residue exemplify the dynamic flexibility and multiple conformational states available to small peptide hormones and their component residues, even within constraints imposed by a cyclic hexapeptide ring.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hagler, A T -- Osguthorpe, D J -- Dauber-Osguthorpe, P -- Hempel, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 15;227(4692):1309-15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975616" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Energy Metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Lypressin/*metabolism ; Phenylalanine/metabolism ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protein Conformation
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  • 50
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-04-19
    Beschreibung: The milk protein beta-lactoglobulin has been extensively studied but its function has not been identified. A clue regarding the function of a protein can be obtained by discovering a genetic relationship with a protein of known function through comparisons of amino acid sequence. Such comparisons revealed that beta-lactoglobulin is similar to human serum retinol-binding protein and to another human protein of unknown function known as complex-forming glycoprotein heterogeneous in charge (protein HC). beta-Lactoglobulins from several species have been found to bind retinol, while the absorption and fluorescence properties reported for the unidentified heterogeneous prosthetic group of protein HC are retinoid-like. The role of serum retinol-binding protein in vitamin A transport in the circulation suggests that the other two homologous proteins may function in the binding and transport of retinoids; beta-lactoglobulin may facilitate the absorption of vitamin A from milk and protein HC may mediate the excretion of retinol-derived metabolites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pervaiz, S -- Brew, K -- GM 21363/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 19;228(4697):335-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2580349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alpha-Globulins/*genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cattle ; Dolphins ; Humans ; Lactoglobulins/*genetics/metabolism ; Lagomorpha ; Mammals ; Milk/metabolism ; Primates ; Protein Conformation ; Proteinuria/metabolism ; Retinol-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Rodentia ; Swine ; Vitamin A/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 51
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-08-23
    Beschreibung: The sequence of the entire RNA genome of the type flavivirus, yellow fever virus, has been obtained. Inspection of this sequence reveals a single long open reading frame of 10,233 nucleotides, which could encode a polypeptide of 3411 amino acids. The structural proteins are found within the amino-terminal 780 residues of this polyprotein; the remainder of the open reading frame consists of nonstructural viral polypeptides. This genome organization implies that mature viral proteins are produced by posttranslational cleavage of a polyprotein precursor and has implications for flavivirus RNA replication and for the evolutionary relation of this virus family to other RNA viruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rice, C M -- Lenches, E M -- Eddy, S R -- Shin, S J -- Sheets, R L -- Strauss, J H -- AI 10793/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 20612/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 23;229(4715):726-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4023707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Glycoproteins/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; RNA, Viral/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/*genetics ; *Virus Replication ; Yellow fever virus/*genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 52
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-08-16
    Beschreibung: The structure of a T = 1 icosahedral particle (where T is the triangulation number), assembled from southern bean mosaic virus coat protein fragments that lacked the amino-terminal arm, was solved by means of model building procedures with the use of 6-angstrom resolution x-ray diffraction data. The icosahedral five-, three-, and twofold contacts were found to be similar, at this resolution, to the analogous contacts (icosahedral five-, quasi-three-, and quasi-twofolds) found in the parent T = 3 southern bean mosaic virus. However, the icosahedral fivefold contacts of the T = 3 structure are the most conserved in the T = 1 capsid. These results are consistent with a mechanism in which pentameric caps of dimers are the building blocks for the assembly of T = 1 and T = 3 icosahedral viruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erickson, J W -- Silva, A M -- Murthy, M R -- Fita, I -- Rossmann, M G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 16;229(4714):625-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4023701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Capsid/ultrastructure ; Macromolecular Substances ; Models, Molecular ; Mosaic Viruses/*ultrastructure ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; *Viral Proteins ; X-Ray Diffraction
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  • 53
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-06-14
    Beschreibung: The static structure of hemoglobin and its functional properties are very well characterized. It is still not known how energy is stored and used within the structure of the protein to promote function and functional diversity. An essential part of this question is understanding the mechanism through which the overall protein structure (quaternary structure) couples to the local environment about the oxygen binding sites. Time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy has been used to probe the vibrational degrees of the freedom of the binding site as a function of protein structure. Comparison of the spectra from both equilibrium and transient forms of deoxy hemoglobin from a variety of mammalian, reptilian, and fish hemoglobins reveals that for each quaternary structure there exist two tertiary states stabilized by the presence or absence of an iron-bound ligand. Pulse-probe Raman experiments show that for photodissociated, ligated hemoglobins the local tertiary structure relaxes at a solution-dependent rate extending from tens of nanoseconds to microseconds. In this local environment, the linkage between the iron and the proximal histidine proves to be the single observed structural feature that responds in a systematic and substantial manner to structural changes in the protein. The additional finding of a correlation between the frequency of the iron-proximal histidine stretching motion (nu Fe-His) and various parameters of ligand reactivity, including geminate recombination, implicates the associated localized structural element in the mechanism of protein control of ligand binding. On the basis of these and related finds, a model is presented to account for both coarse and fine control of ligand binding by the protein structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Friedman, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 14;228(4705):1273-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4001941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Allosteric Regulation ; Animals ; Carboxyhemoglobin ; Cold Temperature ; *Hemoglobins ; Histidine ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Iron ; *Oxyhemoglobins ; Protein Conformation ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Thermodynamics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 54
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-09-06
    Beschreibung: The amino acid sequence of the glucose transport protein from human HepG2 hepatoma cells was deduced from analysis of a complementary DNA clone. Structural analysis of the purified human erythrocyte glucose transporter by fast atom bombardment mapping and gas phase Edman degradation confirmed the identity of the clone and demonstrated that the HepG2 and erythrocyte transporters are highly homologous and may be identical. The protein lacks a cleavable amino-terminal signal sequence. Analysis of the primary structure suggests the presence of 12 membrane-spanning domains. Several of these may form amphipathic alpha helices and contain abundant hydroxyl and amide side chains that could participate in glucose binding or line a transmembrane pore through which the sugar moves. The amino terminus, carboxyl terminus, and a highly hydrophilic domain in the center of the protein are all predicted to lie on the cytoplasmic face. Messenger RNA species homologous to HepG2 glucose transporter messenger RNA were detected in K562 leukemic cells, HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells, and human kidney tissue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mueckler, M -- Caruso, C -- Baldwin, S A -- Panico, M -- Blench, I -- Morris, H R -- Allard, W J -- Lienhard, G E -- Lodish, H F -- GM22996/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL32262/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 6;229(4717):941-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3839598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Erythrocytes/metabolism ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism ; *Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Tissue Distribution
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 55
    Publikationsdatum: 1985-08-09
    Beschreibung: Hemocyanins are large multi-subunit copper proteins that transport oxygen in many arthropods and molluscs. Comparison of the amino acid sequence data for seven different subunits of arthropod hemocyanins from crustaceans and chelicerates shows many highly conserved residues and extensive regions of near identity. This correspondence can be matched closely with the three domain structure established by x-ray crystallography for spiny lobster hemocyanin. The degree of identity is particularly striking in the second domain of the subunit that contains the six histidines which ligate the two oxygen-binding copper atoms. The polypeptide architecture of spiny lobster hemocyanin appears to be the same in all arthropods. This structure must therefore be at least as old as the estimated time of divergence of crustaceans and chelicerates, about 540 to 600 million years ago.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linzen, B -- Soeter, N M -- Riggs, A F -- Schneider, H J -- Schartau, W -- Moore, M D -- Yokota, E -- Behrens, P Q -- Nakashima, H -- Takagi, T -- GM 21314/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 28410/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 9;229(4713):519-24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4023698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arachnida/genetics ; *Arthropods/genetics ; Binding Sites ; Biological Evolution ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Copper ; Crustacea/genetics ; *Hemocyanin/genetics ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Species Specificity
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