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  • Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
  • Seismology
  • 1995-1999  (121)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1930-1934  (10)
  • 1995  (121)
  • 1934  (10)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The detection and recognition of underground nuclear explosions (1995)
    Springer
    Surveys in geophysics 16 (1995), S. 495-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0956
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion detection and recognition ; Seismology ; Remote sensing ; Radioactivity ; Ionospheric effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports on a joint meeting of the Royal Astronomical Society's Joint Association for Geophysics and VERTIC (the Verification Technology Information Centre) held in London in 1992. The topics presented focused on the detection and recognition of underground nuclear explosions. The objective of the meeting was to emphasize the multi-methodological approach that is important in verifying compliance with test-ban treaties. An overview of seismological monitoring was followed by a discussion of the technical and scientific aspects of a global seismic monitoring network, and in particular of the 1991 experiment to test the large-scale international exchange of seismic data between recording stations and data centres world-wide. The current capabilities of satellite remote-sensing were presented, and their use explained in terms of both the provision of information for monitoring the development of foreign nuclear testing programmes and also for providing sufficient information for the evaluation of treaty compliance. A review of radio-isotope sampling showed how the isotopic signature of both air and ground based sampling programmes can be diagnostic of the nuclear source. Finally, previously classified research on the ionospheric effects of underground nuclear explosions was presented, the generated acoustic waves disturbing the ionosphere and producing detectable changes in the reflection of radio and radar signals which have potential as a monitoring technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00665683
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Das Überwachungssystem für einen Teststoppvertrag: Ein Beitrag der Geophysik zur Nuklearwaffenbegrenzung (1995)
    In:  DGG, Münster, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 2/1995, no. 31, pp. 1-5, pp. B04310, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Seismology ; Detectors ; Discrimination ; Review article
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    The 1994 Northridge earthquake sequence in California: Seismological and tectonic aspects (1995)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Oxford and Edinburgh, Blackwell Scientific Publications, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 12335-12356, pp. L23301, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Seismology ; Tectonics ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Receiver functions at the stations of the German Regional Seismic Network (GRSN) (1995)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Jena, Physica-Verlag, vol. 121, no. 1, pp. 191-202, pp. L24313, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; Instruments ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; GJI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    Seismic anisotropy caused by rock fabric (1995)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Tulsa, 450 pp.; 2nd modified and expanded ed., Society of Exploration Geophysics, vol. 122, no. B2, pp. 705-718, pp. B02405, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: AnisotropyS ; Seismology ; GJI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 6
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    Source time functions of nuclear explosions and earthquakes in central Asia determined using empirical Green's functions (1995)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Amsterdam, 4, vol. 100, no. 4, pp. 659-674, pp. B03405, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Seismology ; Earthquake ; Source ; Toksoez ; Toksoz ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 7
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    Seismic energies of earthquakes and relationships to other source parameters (1995)
    In:  Tectonophys., Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 4, vol. 248, no. 1, pp. 171-184, pp. B02303, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Energy (of earthquakes) ; Source parameters ; Seismology ; Seismicity ; Magnitude
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 8
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    Near real-time monitoring of seismic events and status of portable digital recorders using satellite telemetry (1995)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Dordrecht, Netherlands, Dr. W. Junk, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 640-645, pp. L08304, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; Real time earthquake monitoring ; Project report/description ; Detectors ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Muller ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 9
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    The rupture zone of Cascadia great earthquakes from current deformation and the thermal regime (1995)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Stuttgart, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. 100, no. B11, pp. 22133-22154, pp. 2077, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; Subduction zone ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geothermics ; North ; America ; USA ; Canada ; Earthquake hazard ; JGR ; 7230 ; Seismology ; Seismicity ; and ; seismotectonics ; 8130 ; Tectonophysics ; Heat ; generation ; and ; transport ; 8150 ; Plate ; boundary-general ; (3040)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 10
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    Automated near-realtime CMT inversion (1995)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Amsterdam, Univ. Tokyo, vol. 22, no. 19, pp. 2569-2572, pp. L14309, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Real time earthquake monitoring ; Seismology ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Inversion ; Moment tensor ; GRL
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 11
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    Improved seismic velocity reference model from local earthquake data in northwestern Italy (1995)
    In:  Terra Nova, Jena, Physica-Verlag, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 528-534, pp. 2096, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Velocity depth profile ; Seismology ; Location
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 12
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    Quantifying crustal fracture heterogeneity by seismic scattering (1995)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Tulsa, 450 pp.; 2nd modified and expanded ed., Society of Exploration Geophysics, vol. 122, no. B2, pp. 125-142, pp. L21319, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Scattering ; Inhomogeneity ; Seismology ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; GJI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 13
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    The causes of the major seismic discontinuities in the transition zone of the Earth's mantle (1995)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., L'wiw, Inst. f. Theoret. Geodäsie, vol. 121, no. 5, pp. 404-408, pp. B01408, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; Mineralogy ; GJI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 14
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    Finite-fault analysis of the 1979 March 14 Petatlan, Mexico, earthquake using teleseismic P waveforms (1995)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Hannover, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 121, no. 3, pp. 675-683, pp. B02407, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Fault zone ; Seismology ; Earthquake ; Teleseismic events ; P-waves ; GJI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 15
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    Analysis of broad band records from the 28 June 1992 Big Bear earthquake: Evidence of a multiple-event source (1995)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., San Francisco, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. 85, no. 2-4, pp. 688-704, pp. TC1011, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Broad-band ; Seismology ; Earthquake ; Source ; faulting ; Landers ; southern ; California ; USA ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 16
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    Automated classification of local earthquake data in the BUG small array (1995)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., (submitted), Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment University of Iceland, vol. 120, no. 2, pp. 262-286, pp. TC1011, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Data analysis / ~ processing ; Seismology ; Seismic arrays ; Detectors ; GJI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 17
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    Elastic scattered waves from a continuous and heterogeneous layer (1995)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Amsterdam, 4, vol. 121, no. 2, pp. 82-102, pp. 1334, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Scattering ; Inhomogeneity ; Seismology ; GJI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 18
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    The core-mantle boundary region (1995)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Kunming, China, Pergamon, vol. 100, no. 4, pp. 6397-6420, pp. L13613, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Velocity depth profile ; Seismology ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 19
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    Flow fields within the Tonga slab determined from the moment tensors of deep earthquakes (1995)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Stuttgart, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 989-992, pp. L07312, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Plate tectonics ; Strain ; Moment tensor ; Seismology ; GRL
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 20
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    Significant trends related to the slab seismicity and tectonics in the Burmese arc region from Harvard CMT solutions (1995)
    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Basel, Elsevier Science Publishers, vol. 90, no. 42, pp. 75-80, pp. L24312, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Hypocentral depth ; Plate tectonics ; Moment tensor ; Seismology ; PEPI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 21
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    John Milne: The first modern seismologist (1995)
    August
    In:  Silver Kris, New York, August, vol. 155, no. 1, pp. 62-64, pp. 1610, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; Instruments ; Review article ; newspaper ; article
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 22
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    Large accelerations and tectonic setting of the May 1993 Shumagin island earthquake sequence (1995)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 1730-1738
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Strong motions ; Tectonics ; Seismology ; Earthquake ; Strong motions ; Plate tectonics ; Alaska ; Aleutians ; USA ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 23
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    Separation of scattering and intrinsic attenuation in southern Spain and western Anatolia (Turkey) (1995)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Tokyo, Inst. f. Theoret. Geodäsie, vol. 121, no. B7, pp. 337-353
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Quality factor ; Seismology ; Attenuation ; Scattering ; Ibanez ; GJI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 24
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    An analytical solution of the elastodynamic equations along the axis of a circular fault (1995)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 123, no. 4, pp. 373-390, pp. 1972, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Source ; Elasticity ; Waves ; Seismology ; GJI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 25
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    Seismic moment and duration of recent large and great earthquakes (1995)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., London, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 100, no. 2, pp. 20303-20309, pp. 1869, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; seismic Moment ; Fracture ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 26
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    Constraints on temporal variations in velocity near Anza, California, from analysis of similar event pairs (1995)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Warszawa, Eötvös Lorand Geophysical Institute of Hungaria, vol. 85, no. 4-5, pp. 194-206, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Velocity ; Seismology ; California ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: Vp/Vs anomalies ; prediction ; velocity ; change ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 27
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    SSAM: Real-time seismic spectral amplitude measurement on a PC and its application to volcano monitoring (1995)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Oslo, Wiley, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 632-639, pp. B08303, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Volcanology ; Seismology ; Magnitude ; Detectors ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Real time earthquake monitoring ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 28
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    A global tomographic model of shear attenuation in the upper mantle (1995)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Oslo, Wiley, vol. 100, no. 23, pp. 12375-12394, pp. L02304, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; Attenuation ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 29
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    Neural networks and discrimination of seismic signals (1995)
    In:  Computers & Geosciences, Oslo, Wiley, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 279-288, pp. 1604, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Data analysis / ~ processing ; Discrimination ; Detectors ; Seismology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 30
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    Blockage of regional seismic waves by the Teisseyre-Tornquist zone (1995)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 123, no. 17, pp. 260-276, pp. 1006, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe) ; Lg-waves ; Seismology ; Trans-European suture zone (Tornquist-Teisseyre zone/line) ; GJI
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  • 31
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    Preliminary work on an early warning and rapid response program for moderate earthquakes (1995)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 85, no. 3, pp. 1257-1265, pp. 1006, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; Real time earthquake monitoring ; Source parameters ; Location ; Green's function ; catalog ; single-station ; Inversion ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 32
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    Preliminary reports from the Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake of January 17, 1995 (1995)
    In:  NCEER Bulletin, Leyden, Noordhoff International Publishing, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 8, pp. B04306, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Kobe ; Engineering geophys. ; Seismology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 33
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    Nuclear non-proliferation reality check: Role of research community in monitoring shaky (1995)
    In:  Eos, Trans., Am. Geophys. Un., Leipzig, Akad. Nauk SSSR, vol. 76, no. 21, pp. 209, pp. B01308, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Seismology ; politics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 34
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    Stress orientation and anisotropy based on shear-wave splitting observations in the Cerro Prieto fault area, Baja California, Mexico (1995)
    In:  Pageoph, Minsk, Nauka i tekhnika, vol. 144, no. 3, pp. 39-58, pp. 8044, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Stress ; Seismology ; AnisotropyS ; Baja ; California ; Mexico ; Shear waves ; PAG ; Zuniga
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  • 35
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    Urban Disaster Mitigation - The Role of Engineering and Technology (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Oxford, xxii+320 pp., 1st ed., Elsevier, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 632 pp., (ISBN 0-8493-0068-1)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Recurrence of earthquakes ; Statistical investigations ; Strong motions ; Taiwan ; SAF ; bridges ; landslides ; floods ; socio-economic ; impact
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 36
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    Broad-band seismic studies in Southern Africa (1995)
    South African ICSU Secretariat
    In:  Dordrecht, 616 pp., South African ICSU Secretariat, vol. 4, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN: 0-7923-5686-1)
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    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Broad-band ; AnisotropyS
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 37
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    Artificial intelligence techniques applied to seismic signal analysis (1995)
    Conseil de l'Europe
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Dynamical Systems and Artificial Intelligence Applied to Data Banks in Geophysics, Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 9, no. 16, pp. 5-15, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
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    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence (AI) ; Seismology ; Detectors ; Discrimination
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 38
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    Seismic traveltime tables (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 126-143, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
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    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Review article ; Seismology ; Travel time ; Handbook of geophysics
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  • 39
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    Earthquake locations using single-station deep borehole recordings: Implications for microseismicity on the San Andreas fault in southern California (1995)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., vol. 100, no. 3-4, pp. 24003-24014
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    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; Location ; Borehole geophys. ; Fault zone ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 40
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    Lithosphere, asthenosphere, and perisphere (1995)
    In:  Rev. Geophys., Luxembourg, EGS-Gauthier-Villars, vol. 33, no. 6717, pp. 125-149, pp. 2324
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    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Review article ; Lithosphere ; Asthenosphere ; Physical properties of rocks ; Seismology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 41
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    A comparison and test of various site-response estimation techniques including three that are not reference-site dependent (1995)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Tokyo, Terra Scientific Publishing Company, vol. 85, no. 4, pp. 1127-1143, pp. B12407, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
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    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Site amplification ; Seismology ; Modelling ; Synthetic seismograms ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 42
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    Complete synthetic seismograms for a spherically symmetric earth by a numerical computation of the Green's function in the frequency domain (1995)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Heidelberg, 1, vol. 122, no. 3, pp. 537-550, pp. B01401, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
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    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; Synthetic seismograms ; modes ; GJI
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  • 43
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    Characteristics of well-determined non-double-couple earthquakes in the Harvard CMT catalog (1995)
    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Klagenfurt, Nuclear Technology Publ., vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 213-228, pp. L14312, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
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    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Source ; Seismology ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; PEPI
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  • 44
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    Single-force representation of earthquakes due to landslides or the collapse of caverns (1995)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Karlsruhe, Nuclear Technology Publ., vol. 122, no. 1, pp. 243-248, pp. L21601, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
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    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Source ; Seismology ; explosion ; GJI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 45
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    Stability of coda wave attenuation during the Loma Prieta, California, earthquake sequence (1995)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Paris, Pergamon, vol. 100, no. 1-2, pp. 3977-3987, pp. 1246
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    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Quality factor ; Scattering ; Earthquake ; Seismology ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 46
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    On the seismic discontinuities in the upper mantle (1995)
    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Warszawa, Elsevier, vol. 92, no. 12, pp. 39-44, pp. L11309, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Description: Mode conversions and reflections at upper-mantle seismic discontinuities may be contained in earthquake seismograms as weak secondary phases that often become visible only after special signal processing techniques are applied to the data. To extract fully the information these secondary phases carry about the three-dimensional structure of the Earth, new observational and interpretational methods have to be developed. However, new sources of possible systematic errors may lead to conflicting results. Studies carried out by various research groups on the thickness of the upper-mantle transition zone, the sharpness of upper-mantle discontinuities and the global existence of a 520 km discontinuity are examples where such discrepancies did arise. Although there is a general consensus that the depths to the 410 km and 660 km discontinuities vary by a few tens of kilometres at most, the question of wither the depth variations of the 410 km and 660 km discontinuities are correlated or anticorrelated is still unresolved. Similarly, different data sets and methods yielded different answers on the sharpness of the upper-mantle discontinuities at 410 km and 660 km depth. Finally, data apparently supporting the global existence of a seismic discontinuity at 520 km depth can be equally well explained by models that do not contain this discontinuity.
    Keywords: Seismology ; earth mantle ; Gossler ; PEPI
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    Global patterns of radiated seismic energy and apparent stress (1995)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 100, no. B9, pp. 18205-18228, pp. TC1002, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Radiation pattern ; Seismology ; Source parameters ; Stress drop ; JGR ; 1010 ; Geochemistry: ; Chemical ; evolution ; 3662 ; Mineralogy, ; Petrology, ; and ; Mineral ; Physics: ; Meteorites ; 3630 ; Mineral ; Physics: ; Experimental ; mineralogy ; and ; petrology ; 8125 ; Tectonophysics: ; Evolution ; of ; the ; Earth
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  • 48
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    Mexico City seismic alert system (1995)
    In:  Seism. Res. Lett., Luxembourg, Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 42-53, pp. L12311, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Real time earthquake monitoring ; Project report/description ; Detectors ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Earthquake hazard ; SRL
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  • 49
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    Helioseismology (1995)
    In:  Physics Today, Münster, 3, vol. 48, no. 10, pp. 32-38, pp. L23301, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; sun ; Planetology ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses !
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  • 50
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    Three-dimensional seismic models of the Earth's mantle (1995)
    In:  Rev. Geophys., Tokyo, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 1-66, pp. L18610, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; Velocity depth profile ; Review article
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  • 51
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    Artificial neural network-based seismic detector (1995)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Taipei, AGU, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 308-319, pp. L02608, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Detectors ; Real time earthquake monitoring ; STA/LTA ; Signal to noise ratio ; NOISE ; BSSA
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  • 52
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    Dynamical Systems and Artificial Intelligence Applied to Data Banks in Geophysics (1995)
    Conseil de l'Europe
    In:  Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 9, pp. 71-83, (ISBN: 0-08-042420-1)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence (AI) ; Seismology
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  • 53
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    Seismic models of the Earth: Elastic and anelastic (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 88-103, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Review article ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Rheology ; Seismology
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  • 54
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    China National Report (1991-1994) on Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior (1995)
    China Meteorological Press
    In:  report to the XXIst IUGG General Assembly, Boulder, Colorado, July 2-14, 1995, Beijing, China Meteorological Press, vol. 10, no. PL-TR-91-2231, pp. 1381-1385
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Seismology ; Strong motions ; Source ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Stress ; Tectonics ; Seismicity ; Review article
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  • 55
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    Seismic anisotropy in the crust: unambiguous evidence for temporal variations (1995)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ.
    In:  preprint, Bochum, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ., vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 177-185
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: AnisotropyS ; KTB ; Seismology
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  • 56
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    Explosive volcanic eruptions-IX. The transition between Hawaiian-style lava fountaining and Strombolian explosive activity (1995)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Bonn, 4, vol. 121, no. 9, pp. 226-232, pp. B05318, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Volcanology ; Geochemistry ; Seismology ; GJI
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  • 57
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    Absolute and relative locations of similar events with application to microearthquakes in southern Iceland (1995)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Minsk, Polish Geothermal Association, vol. 123, no. 22, pp. 409-419, pp. 2339, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Location ; Seismology ; Fault zone ; Bodvarsson ; Roegnvaldsson ; Rognvaldsson ; GJI
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  • 58
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    Explosive volcanic eruptions-VIII. The role of magma recycling in controlling the behaviour of Hawaiian-style lava fountains (1995)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Hannover, Dt. Geophys. Ges. e. V., vol. 121, no. 2, pp. 215-225, pp. L15S14, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Volcanology ; Geochemistry ; Seismology ; GJI
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  • 59
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    South African National Report to IASPEI: Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior (1995)
    China Meteorological Press
    In:  Beijing, China Meteorological Press, vol. 25, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 95-104, (ISBN: 0-08-043930-6)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Broad-band ; AnisotropyS ; Review article
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  • 60
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    Mechanics Problems in Geodynamics - Part I (1995)
    Birkhäuser
    In:  Basel, Birkhäuser, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (ISBN 3-7643-6675-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: GeodesyY ; Seismology ; Plate tectonics ; Rock mechanics ; (The Earth's free) oscillations ; Rheology ; Elasticity ; Fault zone ; China ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Stress ; Source mechanics ; rifting ; rebound
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  • 61
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    Magnitudes and moments of earthquakes (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, pp. 206-213
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Review article ; Seismology ; Magnitude ; Energy (of earthquakes) ; seismic Moment
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  • 62
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    Effects of surface geology on ground motion: Recent results and remaining issues (1995)
    Balkema
    In:  Proc. 10th European Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Vienna, Rotterdam, Balkema, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 305-323, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Site amplification ; Seismology ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Proceedings of a conference
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  • 63
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    Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 23-40, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Review article ; Seismology ; Tectonics ; Plate tectonics ; Volcanology ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earth rotation ; Geochemistry ; Nuclear explosion ; Source ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; GeodesyY ; Chaotic behaviour ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Rock mechanics ; remote ; sensing ; Mineralogy ; Geodesy ; Global Positioning System ; Very Long Baseline Interferometry ; Satellite Laser Ranging ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Planetology
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  • 64
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    Three-dimensional simulation of a magnitude 7.75 earthquake on the San Andreas fault (1995)
    In:  Science, Kyoto, AGU, vol. 270, no. 1, pp. 1628-1632, pp. L24302, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Real time earthquake monitoring ; Earthquake hazard ; Modelling ; Earthquake ; SAF ; Fault zone ; Finite Element Method ; Seismology ; early ; warning
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  • 65
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    Tomography of the crust and upper mantle in southeast Europe (1995)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Bonn, 4, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 12405-12422, pp. B05318, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; Tomography ; JGR
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  • 66
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    Characterization of seismic phases - an automatic analyser for seismograms (1995)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Warszawa, EGS, vol. 123, no. 3, pp. 937-947, pp. B05S16, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Broad-band ; Detectors ; real-time ; GJI
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  • 67
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    Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, (ISBN 0-521-81734-X)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; Plate tectonics ; TIDES ; Geomagnetics ; Geothermics ; Seismology ; Geoelectrics ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Paleomagnetism ; isotopes ; Geochemistry ; Oceanography ; Volcanology ; physical ; constants
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  • 68
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    Modern Global Seismology (1995)
    Academic Press
    In:  San Diego, XII + 521 pp., Academic Press, vol. 34, no. 22, pp. 65-70, (ISBN 0-691-12183-4, 2005 (481 pp. + CD-ROM))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology
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  • 69
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    Syntactic pattern recognition scheme (SPARS) applied to seismological waveform analysis (1995)
    Conseil de l'Europe
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Dynamical Systems and Artificial Intelligence Applied to Data Banks in Geophysics, Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 17-26, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Pattern recognition ; Seismology ; Data analysis / ~ processing
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  • 70
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    Seismic source modeling (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 10, no. SC.TECH./SEM.16/R.60, pp. 299-308
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Source ; Modelling ; Seismology ; Review article
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  • 71
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    An expert system shell for developing the expert system on seismology and engineering seismology (1995)
    Internat. Un. of Geodesy and Geophys.
    In:  Proc. IUGG, XXI general assembly; abstracts, week B, Houston, Internat. Un. of Geodesy and Geophys., vol. 10, no. AFGL-TR-89-0065, pp. 369, (ISBN 0 08 042822 3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Expert systems ; Seismology ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; China ; Earthquake hazard ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Conference abstr.
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  • 72
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    East African earthquakes below 20 km depth and their implications for crustal structure (1995)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Dordrecht, American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 121, no. B2, pp. 49-62, pp. L11307, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; Hypocentral depth ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; GJI
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  • 73
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    Lithospheric deformation inferred from teleseismic shear wave splitting observations in the United Kingdom (1995)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 100, no. 6, pp. 18,195-18,294, pp. 1484, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Shear waves ; Seismology ; Teleseismic events ; AnisotropyS ; JGR
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  • 74
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    Stability of coda Q in the region of Parkfield, California: View from the U.S. Geological Survey Parkfield Dense Seismograph Array (1995)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 100, no. 5379, pp. 2089-2102, pp. 1484, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Quality factor ; Seismology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; JGR
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  • 75
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    Intraslab earthquakes and phase changes in subducting lithosphere (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 25, pp. 287-297, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; Source ; Mineralogy ; Hypocentral depth ; Review article
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  • 76
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    Seismology and the test ban: A new era (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 10, no. 89-144, pp. 269-273, (ISBN 0 08 042822 3)
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    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; Nuclear explosion ; Review article
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  • 77
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    Indian National Report 1990-94 (1995)
    Indian National Science Academy
    In:  report to the XXIst IUGG General Assembly, Boulder, Colorado, July 2-14, 1995, Bergen, Indian National Science Academy, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. PL-TR-91-2049, pp. G-257--G-273, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Review article ; Seismology ; Geodesy ; Earthquake hazard ; Seismicity ; Fault zone ; Modelling ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Anisotropy ; Mineralogy
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  • 78
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    New ideas about the physics of earthquakes (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 1034, no. SAND 80-2048, pp. 283-286, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Source ; Seismology ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Energy (of earthquakes) ; Review article
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  • 79
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    Volcano seismology, hazards assessment (1995)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 70, pp. 263-267, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Volcanology ; Earthquake hazard ; Seismology ; Review article
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  • 80
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    Upper mantle deformation by resistive drag beneath an oceanic plate: Contributions to seismic anisotropy (1995)
    In:  Istanbul, no. 132, pp. 7-22
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Plate tectonics ; Anisotropy ; Seismology ; Conference abstr.
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    V/STOL systems research aircraft: A tool for cockpit integration (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The next generation ASTOVL aircraft will have a complicated propulsion system. The configuration choices include Direct Lift, Lift-Fan and Lift + Lift/Cruise but the aircraft must also have supersonic performance and low-observable characteristics. The propulsion system may have features such as flow blockers, vectoring nozzles and flow transfer schemes. The flight control system will necessarily fully integrate the aerodynamic surfaces and the propulsive elements. With a fully integrated, fly-by-wire flight/propulsion control system, the options for cockpit integration are interesting and varied. It is possible to de-couple longitudinal and vertical responses allowing the pilot to close the loop on flightpath and flightpath acceleration directly. In the hover, the pilot can control the translational rate directly without having to stabilize the inner rate and attitude loops. The benefit of this approach, reduced workload and increased precision, has previously been demonstrated through several motion-based simulations. In order to prove the results in flight, the V/STOL System Research Aircraft (VSRA) was developed at the NASA Ames Research Center. The VSRA is the YAV-8B Prototype modified with a research flight control system using a series-parallel servo configuration in all the longitudinal degrees of freedom (including thrust and thrust vector angle) to provide an integrated flight and propulsion control system in a limited envelope. Development of the system has been completed and flight evaluations of the response types have been performed. In this paper we will discuss the development of the VSRA, the evolution of the flightpath command and translational rate command response types and the Guest Pilot evaluations of the system. Pilot evaluation results are used to draw conclusions regarding the suitability of the system to satisfy V/STOL requirements.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: Report to the Aerospace Profession: 39th SETP Symposium; 368-385
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    Experimental testing using a remotely operated flap with a 2D high lift model (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The problem of efficient wind tunnel testing for multi-element airfoils was first addressed by the author during a previous ASEE fellowship. A modern three element model with internal actuators to position a flap in two degrees of freedom was designed and later built. Some preliminary testing proved that the approach was viable. The purpose of this summer's work was to fully develop experimental methods including efficient data acquisition. The final goal is to develop dense data sets for both lift and drag measurements as a function of flap position for both take-off and landing configurations. The model has a span of 36 in. and chord of 18 in. and is currently being fitted for a 3 ft. x 4 ft. low speed wind tunnel. The flap was reworked to allow all pressure taps to function after initial tests showed two blocked ports. The serial method of obtaining pressures from the surface taps was found to be exceedingly slow so a new method using 12 pressure transducers and a 12 port parallel scanning valve were developed. A new automated data acquisition and control algorithm was developed using LabView software and a PC platform. Flow two-dimensionality is currently under investigation with boundary layer control by blowing; this was previously omitted for initial testing. By the end of the summer a detailed data set (uncorrected) consisting of lift coefficient versus flap position for the landing configuration should be available.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: The 1995 NASA-ODU American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; 88; NASA-CR-198210
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    On the development of HSCT tail sizing criteria using linear matrix inequalities (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: This report presents the results of a study to extend existing high speed civil transport (HSCT) tail sizing criteria using linear matrix inequalities (LMI). In particular, the effects of feedback specifications, such as MIL STD 1797 Level 1 and 2 flying qualities requirements, and actuator amplitude and rate constraints on the maximum allowable cg travel for a given set of tail sizes are considered. Results comparing previously developed industry criteria and the LMI methodology on an HSCT concept airplane are presented.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: The 1995 NASA-ODU American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; 83; NASA-CR-198210
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    Very Light Aircraft: Revitalization through Certification (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: As the future of the general aviation industry seems to be improving, a cultural paradigm shift may be imminent with the implementation of an advanced, revolutionary transportation system within the United States. By observing the support of government and industry for this idea, near and long term effects must be addressed if this change is going to occur. The high certification costs associated with general aviation aircraft must be reduced without compromising safety if a new transportation system is to be developed in the future. With the advent of new, streamlined rules recently issued for the certification of small aircraft, it seems as though new opportunities are now available to the general aviation industry. Not only will immediate benefits be realized with increased sales of certified small aircraft, but there would now be a way of introducing the advanced concepts of future aircraft at varying degrees of technology and cost as options to the customer.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: Langley Aerospace Research Summer Scholars; Part 2; 845-854; NASA-CR-202464
    Format: application/pdf
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    Design Considerations for the Next Generation of General Aviation Designs (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: This paper discusses the results of research conducted at NASA Langley Research Center during two summer programs during 1994 and 1995. These programs were the NASA Advanced Design Program and the Langley Research Summer Scholars program. The work was incorporated in a three phase project at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University which focused on development of the next generation Primary Flight Trainer, as well as in ERAU's participation in the AGATE General Aviation Design Competition. The project was conducted as part of the ERAU/NASA/USRA Advanced Design Program in Aeronautics as well as the AGATE competition. A design study was completed which encompassed the incorporation of existing conventional technologies and advanced technologies into PFT designs and advanced GA aircraft designs. Multiple aircraft configurations were also examined throughout the ADP/AGATE. Evaluations of the various technologies and configurations studied will be made and recommendations will be included.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: Langley Aerospace Research Summer Scholars; Part 2; 431-441; NASA-CR-202464
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    Effects of Nose Strakes On Transport Aircraft (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A low-speed wind tunnel investigation was conducted in the Langley 12-Foot Tunnel on a typical commercial transport configuration to determine the effect of adding nose strakes on the aerodynamic characteristics of the model. The fuselage and wings of the model were scaled versions of the McDonnell-Douglas DC-9 aircraft. A generic tail assembly was employed that was different from that of the DC-9. Three different strake configurations were tested at several inclination angles. One strake configuration was identical to that employed on the DC-9 aircraft. The model was tested through a range of angles of attack and sideslip angles. Tests were made both with and without strakes and also with the vertical tail removed.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: Langley Aerospace Research Summer Scholars; Part 2; 421-424; NASA-CR-202464
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    The Development and Use of a Flight Optimization System Model of a C-130E Transport Aircraft (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The Systems Analysis Branch at NASA Langley Research Center conducts a variety of aircraft design and analyses studies. These studies include the prediction of characteristics of a particular conceptual design, analyses of designs that already exist, and assessments of the impact of technology on current and future aircraft. The FLight OPtimization System (FLOPS) is a tool used for aircraft systems analysis and design. A baseline input model of a Lockheed C-130E was generated for the Flight Optimization System. This FLOPS model can be used to conduct design-trade studies and technology impact assessments. The input model was generated using standard input data such as basic geometries and mission specifications. All of the other data needed to determine the airplane performance is computed internally by FLOPS. The model was then calibrated to reproduce the actual airplane performance from flight test data. This allows a systems analyzer to change a specific item of geometry or mission definition in the FLOPS input file and evaluate the resulting change in performance from the output file. The baseline model of the C-130E was used to analyze the effects of implementing upper wing surface blowing on the airplane. This involved removing the turboprop engines that were on the C-130E and replacing them with turbofan engines. An investigation of the improvements in airplane performance with the new engines could be conducted within the Flight Optimization System. Although a thorough analysis was not completed, the impact of this change on basic mission performance was investigated.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: Technical Reports: Langley Aerospace Research Summer Scholars; Part 1; 145-154; NASA-CR-202463
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    Cooling Panel Optimization for the Active Cooling System of a Hypersonic Aircraft (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-23
    Description: Optimization of cooling panels for an active cooling system of a hypersonic aircraft is explored. The flow passages are of rectangular cross section with one wall heated. An analytical fin-type model for incompressible flow in smooth-wall rectangular ducts with coupled wall conduction is proposed. Based on this model, the a flow rate of coolant to each design minimum mass flow rate or coolant for a single cooling panel is obtained by satisfying hydrodynamic, thermal, and Mach number constraints. Also, the sensitivity of the optimal mass flow rate of coolant to each design variable is investigated. In addition, numerical solutions for constant property flow in rectangular ducts, with one side rib-roughened and coupled wall conduction, are obtained using a k-epsilon and wall function turbulence model, these results are compared with predictions of the analytical model.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer; Volume 9; No. 1; 136-143
    Format: text
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  • 89
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    Methods for in-flight robustness evaluation (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The goal of this program was to combine modern control concepts with new identification techniques to develop a comprehensive package for estimation of 'robust flutter boundaries' based on experimental data. The goal was to use flight data, combined with a fundamental physical understanding of flutter dynamics, to generate a prediction of flutter speed and an estimate of the accuracy of the prediction. This report is organized as follows: the specific contributions of this project will be listed first. Then, the problem under study will be stated and the general approach will be outlined. Third, the specific system under study (F- 18 SRA) will be described and a preliminary data analysis will be performed. Then, the various steps of the flutter boundary determination will be outlined and applied to tile F-18 SRA data and others.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NASA-CR-201886 , NAS 1.26:201886
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    Affect of Brush Seals on Wave Rotor Performance Assessed (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-05
    Description: The NASA Lewis Research Center's experimental and theoretical research shows that wave rotor topping can significantly enhance gas turbine engine performance levels. Engine-specific fuel consumption and specific power are potentially enhanced by 15 and 20 percent, respectively, in small (e.g., 400 to 700 hp) and intermediate (e.g., 3000 to 5000 hp) turboshaft engines. Furthermore, there is potential for a 3- to 6-percent specific fuel consumption enhancement in large (e.g., 80,000 to 100,000 lbf) turbofan engines. This wave-rotor-enhanced engine performance is accomplished within current material-limited temperature constraints. The completed first phase of experimental testing involved a three-port wave rotor cycle in which medium total pressure inlet air was divided into two outlet streams, one of higher total pressure and one of lower total pressure. The experiment successfully provided the data needed to characterize viscous, partial admission, and leakage loss mechanisms. Statistical analysis indicated that wave rotor product efficiency decreases linearly with the rotor to end-wall gap, the square of the friction factor, and the square of the passage of nondimensional opening time. Brush seals were installed to further minimize rotor passage-to-cavity leakage. The graph shows the effect of brush seals on wave rotor product efficiency. For the second-phase experiment, which involves a four-port wave rotor cycle in which heat is added to the Brayton cycle in an external burner, a one-dimensional design/analysis code is used in conjunction with a wave rotor performance optimization scheme and a two-dimensional Navier-Stokes code. The purpose of the four-port experiment is to demonstrate and validate the numerically predicted four-port pressure ratio versus temperature ratio at pressures and temperatures lower than those that would be encountered in a future wave rotor/demonstrator engine test. Lewis and the Allison Engine Company are collaborating to investigate wave rotor integration in an existing turboshaft engine. Recent theoretical efforts include simulating wave rotor dynamics (e.g., startup and load-change transient analysis), modifying the one-dimensional wave rotor code to simulate combustion internal to the wave rotor, and developing an analytical wave rotor design/analysis tool based on macroscopic balances for parametric wave rotor/engine analysis.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
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    1025:1 Area Ratio Nozzle Evaluated at High Combustion Chamber Pressure (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-05
    Description: A recently completed experimental test program obtained performance data on an optimally contoured nozzle with an exit-to-throat area ratio of 1025:1 and on a truncated version of this nozzle with an area ratio of 440:1. The nozzles were tested with gaseous hydrogen and liquid oxygen propellants at combustion chamber pressures of 12.4 to 16.5 mPa (1800 to 2400 psia). Testing was conducted in the altitude test capsule at the NASA Lewis Research Center's Rocket Engine Test Facility (RETF), and results were compared with analytical performance predictions. This testing builds on previous work with this nozzle at Lewis, where testing was completed at nominal chamber pressure of 350 psia. High-area-ratio nozzles have long been sought as a means to increase the performance of spacebased rocket engines. However, as the area ratio increases, the physical size and weight of the nozzle also increase. As a result, engine and vehicle designers must make tradeoffs between nozzle size and performance enhancement. Until this test program, very little experimental data existed on the performance of the high-area-ratio nozzles used in rocket engine designs. The computer codes being used by rocket engine designers rely on data extrapolated from tests of low-area-ratio nozzles, and these extrapolations do not always provide the accuracy needed for a reliable design assessment. Therefore, we conducted this high-area-ratio nozzle testing program to provide performance data for use in rocket engine design and analysis computer codes. The nozzle had a nominal 2.54-cm- (1-in.-) diameter throat, an exit diameter of 81.3-cm (32.0-in.) at an exit-to-throat area ratio of 1025, and a length of 128.6 cm (50.6 in.). Testing was conducted in an altitude test capsule to simulate the static pressure at altitude by vacuum pumping. Data such as propellant mass flow, oxidizer-to-fuel mixture, and thrust were measured. These measurements were then used to calculate performance factors such as the thrust coefficient, the characteristic exhaust velocity efficiency, and the vacuum specific impulse. In addition, the nozzle temperature was measured to calculate the amount of heat transferred from the combustion gases to the nozzle.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
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    Summary of a Crew-Centered Flight Deck Design Philosophy for High-Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) Aircraft (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-05
    Description: Past flight deck design practices used within the U.S. commercial transport aircraft industry have been highly successful in producing safe and efficient aircraft. However, recent advances in automation have changed the way pilots operate aircraft, and these changes make it necessary to reconsider overall flight deck design. Automated systems have become more complex and numerous, and often their inner functioning is partially or fully opaque to the flight crew. Recent accidents and incidents involving autoflight system mode awareness Dornheim, 1995) are an example. This increase in complexity raises pilot concerns about the trustworthiness of automation, and makes it difficult for the crew to be aware of all the intricacies of operation that may impact safe flight. While pilots remain ultimately responsible for mission success, performance of flight deck tasks has been more widely distributed across human and automated resources. Advances in sensor and data integration technologies now make far more information available than may be prudent to present to the flight crew.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Format: text
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    Rotorcraft Blade-Vortex Interaction Controller (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Blade-vortex interaction noises, sometimes referred to as 'blade slap', are avoided by increasing the absolute value of inflow to the rotor system of a rotorcraft. This is accomplished by creating a drag force which causes the angle of the tip-path plane of the rotor system to become more negative or more positive.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
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    Reduction of Blade-Vortex Interaction (BVI) noise through X-force control (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Momentum theory and the longitudinal force balance equations of a single rotor helicopter are used to develop simple expressions to describe tip-path-plane tilt and uniform inflow to the rotor. The uniform inflow is adjusted to represent the inflow at certain azimuthal locations where strong Blade-Vortex Interaction (BVI) is likely to occur. This theoretical model is then used to describe the flight conditions where BVI is likely to occur and to explore those flight variables that can be used to minimize BVI noise radiation. A new X-force control is introduced to help minimize BVI noise. Several methods of generating the X-force are presented that can be used to alter the inflow to the rotor and thus increasing the likelihood of avoiding BVI during approaches to a landing.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NASA-TM-110371 , A-950104 , NAS 1.15:110371 , NAS 1.15:110371
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  • 95
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    Cascade Optimization Strategy Maximizes Thrust for High-Speed Civil Transport Propulsion System Concept (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-02
    Description: The design of a High-Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) air-breathing propulsion system for multimission, variable-cycle operations was successfully optimized through a soft coupling of the engine performance analyzer NASA Engine Performance Program (NEPP) to a multidisciplinary optimization tool COMETBOARDS that was developed at the NASA Lewis Research Center. The design optimization of this engine was cast as a nonlinear optimization problem, with engine thrust as the merit function and the bypass ratios, r-values of fans, fuel flow, and other factors as important active design variables. Constraints were specified on factors including the maximum speed of the compressors, the positive surge margins for the compressors with specified safety factors, the discharge temperature, the pressure ratios, and the mixer extreme Mach number. Solving the problem by using the most reliable optimization algorithm available in COMETBOARDS would provide feasible optimum results only for a portion of the aircraft flight regime because of the large number of mission points (defined by altitudes, Mach numbers, flow rates, and other factors), diverse constraint types, and overall poor conditioning of the design space. Only the cascade optimization strategy of COMETBOARDS, which was devised especially for difficult multidisciplinary applications, could successfully solve a number of engine design problems for their flight regimes. Furthermore, the cascade strategy converged to the same global optimum solution even when it was initiated from different design points. Multiple optimizers in a specified sequence, pseudorandom damping, and reduction of the design space distortion via a global scaling scheme are some of the key features of the cascade strategy. HSCT engine concept, optimized solution for HSCT engine concept. A COMETBOARDS solution for an HSCT engine (Mach-2.4 mixed-flow turbofan) along with its configuration is shown. The optimum thrust is normalized with respect to NEPP results. COMETBOARDS added value in the design optimization of the HSCT engine.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
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    Supersonic Transport Analysis on the IBM Parallel System SP2 (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Several studies of supersonic transport (SST) configurations have been undertaken by members of the High Speed Aerodynamics branch at NASA Ames. These computational investigations involved the analysis of shapes to study the sonic boom signatures, aerodynamic performance characteristics, as well as studies of nacelle/airframe integration. A variety of different computer codes were employed including both structured and unstructured codes. The AIRPLANE code has been used extensively in these investigations. This computer code solves the Euler equations for inviscid flow by exploiting an explicit finite volume method on a mesh of tetrahedral cells. AIRPLANE is capable of handling complete aircraft configurations including nacelles and diverters. An example of a generic SST configuration is shown and a comparison of computed and experimental force coefficients is presented. Most of the computations in support of the SST investigations have been run on the YMP and C-90 computers currently installed at NASA Ames. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: Computational Aerosciences (CAS) Workshop; Mar 07, 1995 - Mar 09, 1995; Moffett Field, CA; United States
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    V/STOL Systems Research Aircraft: A Tool for Cockpit Integration (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The next generation ASTOVL aircraft will have a complicated propulsion System. The configuration choices include Direct Lift, Lift-Fan and Lift+Lift /Cruise but the aircraft must also have supersonic performance and low-observable characteristics. The propulsion system may have features such as flow blockers, vectoring nozzles and flow transfer schemes. The flight control system will necessarily fully integrate the aerodynamic surfaces and the propulsive elements. With a fully integrated, fly-by-wire flight/propulsion control system, the options for cockpit integration are interesting and varied. It is possible to decouple longitudinal and vertical responses allowing the pilot to close the loop on flight path and flight path acceleration directly. In the hover, the pilot can control the translational rate directly without having to stabilize the inner rate and attitude loops. The benefit of this approach, reduced workload and increased precision. has previously been demonstrated through several motion-based simulations. In order to prove the results in flight, the V/STOL System Research Aircraft (VSRA) was developed at the NASA Ames Research Center. The VSRA is the YAV-8B Prototype modified with a research flight control system using a series-parallel servo configuration in all the longitudinal degrees of freedom (including thrust and thrust vector angle) to provide an integrated flight and propulsion control system in a limited envelope. Development of the system has been completed and flight evaluations of the response types have been performed. In this paper we will discuss the development of the VSRA, the evolution of the flight path command and translational rate command response types and the Guest Pilot evaluations of the system. Pilot evaluation results will be used to draw conclusions regarding the suitability of the system to satisfy V/STOL requirements.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: Society of Experimental Test Pilots 39th Symposium; Sep 27, 1995 - Sep 30, 1995; Beverly Hills, CA; United States
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    Optimal Category-A Helicopter Flight Trajectories for Operation From a Clear Heliport (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Engine failure represents a major safety hazard to helicopter operation. As a result, FA certifies helicopters according to their abilities to survive engine failures. Federal Aviation Regulation Part 29 specifies that transport helicopters must be certified as either category A or B. Category-B certification applies to either single or multi-engine helicopters with gross weight less than 20,000 lbs. A Category-B helicopter must be able to land safely in the case of one or all engine failures. There is no requirement for continued flight capability. In contrast, Category-A certification applies to multi-engine helicopters with independent engine systems. It requires that helicopter can continue flight with one engine inoperative (OEI). Therefore, Category-A helicopters are capable of operating from rooftops and oil rigs and flying to areas where no emergency landing sites are available. While there is no maximum weight limit, a Category-A helicopter must be able to satisfy OEI operation requirements within the available runway field. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: AHS 51st Forum and Technology Display; May 09, 1995 - May 11, 1995; Fort Worth, TX; United States
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    A Flying Qualities Study of Longitudinal Long-Term Dynamics of Hypersonic Planes (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The NASA Dryden Flight Research Center and the Technical University of Munich are cooperating in a research program to assess the impact of unstable long-term dynamics on the flying qualities of planes in hypersonic flight. These flying qualities issues are being investigated with a dedicated flight simulator for hypersonic vehicles located at NASA Dryden. Several NASA research pilots have flown the simulator through well defined steady-level turns with varying phugoid and height mode instabilities. The data collected include Pilot ratings and comments, performance measurements, and Pilot workload measurements. The results presented in this paper include design guidelines for height and Phugoid mode instabilities, an evaluation of the tapping method used to measure pilot workload, a discussion of techniques developed by the pilots to control large instabilities, and a discussion of how flying qualities of unstable long-term dynamics influence control Power design requirements.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NASA/TM-1999-104308 , NAS 1.15:104308 , H-2034 , International Aerospace Planes and Hypersonics Technologies; Apr 03, 1995 - Apr 07, 1995; Chattanooga, TN; United States
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    Navier-Stokes analysis of a delta wing in static and dynamic roll (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The three-dimensional, Reynolds-averaged, Navier-Stokes equations are used to numerically simulate non-steady high-incidence vortical flow about a 65 degree sweep delta wing under static roll and forced periodic roll motions. These computations have been previously reported in the literature, where emphasis was placed on validating the computational results with nonsteady experimental surface pressures, forces and moments. The emphasis of this research is to revisit these earlier computations and use nonsteady numerical flow visualization to analyze the nonlinear surface flow and vortex breakdown dynamics. Most notable are the periodic formation of surface-flow separation lines, and the periodic formation of vortex breakdown near the delta wing trailing edge.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NASA-TM-111256 , NAS 1.15:111256 , AIAA Paper 95-1868 , 13th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference; Jun 19, 1995 - Jun 22, 1995; San Diego, CA; United States
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