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  • Articles  (597)
  • Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
  • Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-05-24
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-05-25
    Language: German
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  • 3
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2023-08-16
    Description: Transfer-Erfolgsindikatoren 42 Fokus Ausgründungen 44 Transfer-Steckbriefe 46
    Language: German
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  • 4
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2023-08-15
    Description: Mit dem Journal „System Erde“ berichtet das Deutsche GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ über die unterschiedlichen Facetten seiner Forschungsarbeiten. Die Reihe richtet sich vor allem an Entscheiderinnen und Entscheider in Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik, an interessierte Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler sowie an die fachinteressierte Öffentlichkeit.
    Language: German
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-11-28
    Description: Das Bürgerwissenschaftsprojekt Nachtlichter ist Teil des Nachtlicht-BüHNE Projekts (2019 – 2022), finanziert von der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF). Im Projekt haben wir einen bisher einzigartigen und weiterhin wachsenden Datensatz erstellt. Hierzu entwickelten wir im Rahmen einer fast zweijährigen, transdisziplinären Teamleistung zunächst eine mobile Web Applikation, die Nachtlichter App. Zum Einsatz kam die App vom 31. Aug. bis 14. Nov. 2021. Über zweihundert Mitforschende zählten und dokumentierten fast eine Viertelmillion künstliche Lichtquellen auf öffentlichen Straßen und Plätzen. Nachtlichter-Kampagnen liefen vorwiegend in deutschen Städten. Dieser Projektbericht dokumentiert den bürgerwissenschaftlichen Forschungsprozess basierend auf sozialwissenschaftlichen Datenerhebungsmethoden wie Interviews, teilnehmenden Beobachtungen und einer Nachbefragung der Nachtlichter-Beteiligten, an der 97 Personen freiwillig teilnahmen. Ausgehend von unseren gemeinsamen Erfahrungen, teilen wir mit diesem Bericht unser praktisch erprobtes Verständnis von Bürgerwissenschaft als gemeinsamen Prozess auf Augenhöhe und unsere Begeisterung. Wir schließen mit drei Vorschlägen für nachhaltige partizipative Forschung.
    Language: German
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
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  • 7
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2023-11-06
    Description: Wie wirkt sich Wiederaufforstung auf den Wasserkreislauf aus? 52 Menschen beeinflussen Wachstum von Blaualgen 53 Deutscher Umweltsatellit EnMAP geht in den Regelbetrieb 54 Deutschland: Mehr Wärme im Untergrund als bisher angenommen 55 Kick-off der GeoEnergie Allianz Berlin-Brandenburg GEB² 55 Methan aus Sibirien im Sommer 56 Neues aus der Klimageschichte des Toten Meeres 56 Wie tief schläft der Eifel-Vulkanismus? 57 Schwankungen des Meeresspiegels können Erdbeben auslösen 58 Wasser sickert tiefer in die Erde als erwartet 58 Neue Erkenntnisse zu frühen Ozeanen 58 Überreste einer ausgestorbenen Welt von Lebewesen entdeckt 59 Abholzung der Tropenwälder 60 Europas Sommerdürren in Baumringen 60 Immer weniger Sterne am Nachthimmel 60 Neue Erkenntnisse zum Ringstrom 61 GFZ erfolgreich bei europäischer Forschungsförderung 62 GFZ Friends – Förderverein des GFZ 62 Ausgezeichnet 63 Bücher 67
    Language: German
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  • 8
  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-01-21
    Description: Wie können Satellitendaten, genauer gesagt Sentinel Daten des europäischen Erdbeobachtungprogramms Copernicus, im Bereich Umweltmonitoring unterstützend angewandt werden? Und wie können Umweltbehörden diese Erkenntnisse nutzen? Neben diesen beiden Fragen stehen sowohl die Anwendung unterschiedlicher Bandkombinationen und Indizes, als auch unzählige Beispiele aus der Praxis im Mittelpunkt der Schulungsreihe "Framework Partnership Agreement on Copernicus User Uptake - Copernicus für Umweltbehörden". Das erste Dokument dieser Reihe bietet eine Schritt für Schritt Anleitung zur Analyse der Pflanzenvitalität in Naturschutzgebieten. Mithilfe von Sentinel-2 Daten und dem Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysieren wir die (vitalitäts-bezogenen) Auswirkungen eines Dürreereignisses auf unterschiedliche terrestrische Naturschutzgebiete.
    Language: German
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-01-21
    Description: Wie können Satellitendaten, genauer gesagt Sentinel Daten des europäischen Erdbeobachtungprogramms Copernicus, im Bereich Umweltmonitoring unterstützend angewandt werden? Und wie können Umweltbehörden diese Erkenntnisse nutzen? Neben diesen beiden Fragen stehen sowohl die Anwendung unterschiedlicher Bandkombinationen und Indizes, als auch unzählige Beispiele aus der Praxis im Mittelpunkt der Schulungsreihe "Framework Partnership Agreement on Copernicus User Uptake - Copernicus für Umweltbehörden". Das zweite Dokument dieser Reihe bietet eine Schritt für Schritt Anleitung für die Analyse eines 5-jährlichen Hochwasserereignisses am Rhein. Mithilfe von Sentinel-2 Daten, dem Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) und Landnutzungsinformationen ermitteln wir Überschwemmungsflächen und identifizieren die betroffenen Landnutzungsarten.
    Language: German
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  • 11
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Inforeihe SAPIENS: Satellitendaten für Planung, Industrie, Energiewirtschaft und Naturschutz
    Publication Date: 2022-08-10
    Description: Satellitendaten in einem GIS zu bearbeiten, ist gar nicht so kompliziert. Das zweite Dokument aus der Reihe SAPIENS: Satellitendaten für Planung, Industrie, Energiewirtschaft und Naturschutz ermöglicht den Einstieg in das kostenlose Geoinformationssystem QGIS und beschreibt grundlegende Arbeitsschritte bei der Verarbeitung optischer Satellitendaten. Schritt für Schritt erklären wir, wie man die Daten mit QGIS in verschiedenen Bandkombinationen darstellen und Indizes berechnen kann und wie man sie symbolisieren, zuschneiden und exportieren kann, mit vielen zusätzlichen Tipps, weiterführenden Weblinks und einem Exkurs zu Vektor- und Offenen Geodaten.
    Language: German
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  • 12
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Stratigraphische Tabelle von Deutschland
    Publication Date: 2022-08-10
    Language: German
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  • 13
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Inforeihe SAPIENS: Satellitendaten für Planung, Industrie, Energiewirtschaft und Naturschutz
    Publication Date: 2022-10-28
    Description: Sollen Satellitendaten bearbeitet werden, ist die von der ESA bereitgestellte kostenlose Software SNAP sehr gut geeignet, besonders für Sentineldaten. Aber wie funktioniert das englischsprachige Programm? Das Extra-Handbuch aus der Reihe SAPIENS: Satellitendaten für Planung, Industrie, Energiewirtschaft und Naturschutz erklärt anschaulich die wichtigsten Schritte und Funktionen. Wir zeigen, wie man Satellitenszenen einladen, visualisieren, atmoshärisch korrigieren, mit verschiedensten Werkzeugen bearbeiten und dabei häufige Arbeitsschritte automatisieren kann. Ein ganzes Kapitel ist außerdem der Vielzahl von Indizes gewidmet, die in SNAP zur Verfügung stehen.
    Language: German
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  • 14
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2022-01-20
    Description: Mit dem Journal „System Erde“ berichtet das Deutsche GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ über die unterschiedlichen Facetten seiner Forschungsarbeiten. Die Reihe richtet sich vor allem an Entscheidungsträger in Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik, an interessierte Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler sowie an die fachinteressierte Öffentlichkeit.
    Language: German
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  • 15
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Description: Netzwerk Worauf die Wissenschaft nach der Hochwasserkatastrophe 2021 Antworten finden muss 51 Wie wird eine Flut zur Katastrophe? 52 Neue Web-Plattform zur Planung der Hochwasservorsorge in Städten 52 Genauere Abschätzung erwartbarer Hochwasserschäden 53 Die seismische Chronik einer Sturzflut 54 GFZ-Taskforce am Vulkanausbruch auf La Palma 55 Wann Erdbeben Vulkanausbrüche auslösen 56 Langsame und reguläre Erdbeben wechselwirken in der Nähe von Istanbul 57 Flussläufe als Kohlenstoffsenken 58 Der Puls des Toten Meeres 58 Quecksilber wird unter grönländischem Eisschild freigesetzt 59 Regenfälle verändern arktischen Kohlenstoffkreislauf 59 Superionisches Eis: Neues zu Magnetfeldern von Uranus und Neptun 60 Wie Wasser auf Eisplaneten den felsigen Untergrund auslaugt 60 Können Astronauten unbeschadet zum Mars fliegen? 60 Chancen und Grenzen von Künstlicher Intelligenz in der Klimamodellierung 61 Mehr Rechenpower für das GFZ 62 Laborneubau GeoBioLab 62 Neue digitale Weiterbildungsformate in der Satelliten-Fernerkundung 63 BMBF prämiert das GFZ als Vorreiter in der internationalen Wissenschaftsdiplomatie 64 GFZ Friends – Förderverein des GFZ 64 Ausgezeichnet 65
    Language: German
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  • 16
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-26
    Language: German
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  • 17
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2022-02-09
    Description: Mit dem Journal „System Erde“ berichtet das Deutsche GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ über die unterschiedlichen Facetten seiner Forschungsarbeiten. Die Reihe richtet sich vor allem an Entscheidungsträger in Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik, an interessierte Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler sowie an die fachinteressierte Öffentlichkeit.
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
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  • 19
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
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  • 21
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2020-06-19
    Language: German
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  • 25
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Abenteuer Arktis: GFZ-Forschende im Eis
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Language: German
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  • 26
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
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  • 27
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
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  • 28
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  ESKP-Themenspezial: Vulkanismus
    Publication Date: 2021-04-18
    Description: Was wissen wir über Vulkane im Meer und an Land? Wie kann man sich vor ihnen schützen? Verändern sie das Klima? In unserem großen Themenspezial gehen wir diesen spannenden Forschungsfragen nach.
    Language: German
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  • 29
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Inforeihe SAPIENS: Satellitendaten für Planung, Industrie, Energiewirtschaft und Naturschutz
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: Was ist Fernerkundung? Was sehen Satelliten? Und wie können optische Satellitendaten genutzt werden? Diese Fragen und mehr beantwortet das erste Dokument aus der Reihe SAPIENS: Satellitendaten für Planung, Industrie, Energiewirtschaft und Naturschutz. Wir geben eine kurze Einführung in die Fernerkundung mit vielen weiterführenden Weblinks und Anwendungsbeispielen.
    Language: German
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  • 30
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
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  • 31
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Cahiers du Centre Européen de Géodynamique et de Séismologie
    Publication Date: 2020-02-19
    Description: Die Übersetzung bezieht sich auf den Kernteil der Europäischen Makroseismischen Skala (EMS-98) des englischen Originals (s. externe Referenz). Darin umfasst der Kernteil die Seiten 14-20. Diese Seitennummerierung wird hier beibehalten. Die Europäische Makroseismische Skala (EMS-98) dient der Abschätzung makroseismischer Intensitäten. Die makroseismische Intensität stellt eine Klassifikation der Stärke von Bodenerschütterungen während eines Erdbebens auf der Grundlage der an einem bestimmten Ort beobachteten Auswirkungen dar. Die EMS-98 ist die jüngste allgemein anwendbare Skala. Sie berücksichtigt die unterschiedliche Widerstandsfähigkeit von Gebäuden in Form von sechs Vulnerabilitätsklassen, fünf Schadensklassen sowohl für Mauerwerk als auch für Stahlbetonkonstruktionen und unterscheidet zudem zwischen strukturellen und nicht-strukturellen Schäden. Ein weiteres diagnostisches Element ist die relative Häufigkeit beobachteter Auswirkungen mit quantitativen Definitionen der qualitativen Begriffe "wenige, viele, die meisten". Die EMS-98 ist die einzige Intensitätsskala, die durch umfassende Guidelines und Hintergrundinformationen komplettiert wird. Sie bilden u.a. die Grundlage dafür, dass Anwendungen der EMS-98 dem Gebäudebestand in verschiedensten Teilen der Welt angepasst werden können. Die Europäische Seismologische Kommission hatte 1988 die Entwicklung einer neuen Skala lanciert, die moderne, erdbebengerechte Gebäudetypen und Anforderungen seitens des Bauingenieurwesens berücksichtigen sollte. So wurde zuerst die Testversion EMS-92 und dann die EMS-98 entwickelt. Letztere bildet die Grundlage für Intensitätsabschätzungen in europäischen Ländern. Sie wird zudem in vielen Ländern außerhalb Europas angewandt. Das englische Original der EMS-98 wurde als Vollversion ins Französische, Italienische, Spa-nische und Chinesische übersetzt. Darüber hinaus liegen der Kernteil bzw. die Kurzform in insgesamt 30 Sprachen vor. Diese mehrsprachige Verfügbarkeit ist wichtig, da nicht alle Personen, die als Beobachter und Sensoren in der Makroseismologie fungieren, mit dem Englischen vertraut sind.
    Description: The European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98) is a tool for intensity assignment. The macroseismic intensity represents a classification of the severity of ground-motion shaking during an earthquake on the basis of observed effects at a given place. The EMS-98 is the most recent scale in general use. It fully considers the varying strength of buildings in the form of six vulnerability classes, five damage grades for both masonry and reinforced concrete structures, and differentiates structural and non-structural damage as well. Another diagnostic element concerns the relative frequency of observed effects with quantitative definitions of the qualitative terms “few, many, most.” EMS-98 is the only intensity scale complemented by comprehensive guidelines and background materials. They provide the basis that the EMS-98 can easily be adapted for use to the building stock anywhere in the world. The European Seismological Commission launched the development of a new scale in 1988 which should consider modern earthquake-resistant building types and engineering requirements. So the test version EMS-92 and then EMS-98 were evolved. The latter should be the basis for intensity evaluation in European countries and is also applied in many countries outside Europe. The English original of the EMS-98 was translated as full scale into French, Italian, Spanish and Chinese. Moreover, the core part or the short form is available in a total of altogether 30 languages. Such multilingual availability is important since persons, not always fluent in English, act as observers and sensors in macroseismology.
    Language: German
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  • 32
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  GFZ Data Services
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Cliffs line many erosional coastlines. Localized failures can cause land loss and hazard, and impact ecosystems and sediment routing. Links between cliff erosion and forcing mechanisms are poorly constrained, due to limitations of classic approaches. Combining multi-seasonal seismic and drone surveys, wave, precipitation and groundwater data we study drivers and triggers of seismically detected failures along the chalk cliffs on Germany's largest island, Rügen. The network consists of four (later five) seismic stations along the 8.6 km long chalk cliff coast. Waveforms are available from the Geofon data centre, under network code 4K, and are embargoed until Jan 2021.
    Language: English
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  ESKP-Themenspezial: Biodiversität
    Publication Date: 2021-04-18
    Language: German
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  • 34
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
    Publication Date: 2021-04-20
    Description: The new mechanism under Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement is to be supervised by a body designated by the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA). However, so far there is no clarity what role exactly the supervisory body (Body) is to play. Against this background, this JIKO Policy Paper analyses different governance options for Art. 6.4. The paper first reflects the objectives of the new mechanism and on what the role of the mechanism as a whole should be. The paper then summarises what has already been agreed on the functioning of the mechanism and elaborates what steps will be needed to generate transferrable emission reductions under the Article 6.4 mechanism. On this basis, the paper develops criteria for how to decide what role the Body should have, and then discusses what role the Body and the other actors that are involved in the mechanism could have in each of the steps of the activity cycle.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2021-04-20
    Description: With the adoption of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, former debates about generating carbon credits on the basis of national policies have resurged. National policies have not been eligible as project activities under the Kyoto Protocol's flexible mechanisms. The Paris Agreement opens the possibility for such policy crediting but also provides an entirely new context: Universal participation, ambitious long-term targets and nationally defined contributions (NDCs) that are to be made more ambitious over time. As this paper shows, these changes in the framework conditions add an additional layer of complexity to policy-based cooperation. The paper explores the potential for policy-based cooperation by first briefly presenting the regulatory basis provided by the Paris Agreement before outlining a prototype for policy-based cooperation and its key challenges.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The GeoDataNode project, funded by the Federal Ministry for Research and Education (BMBF) conducted a survey of data management practices at GFZ. The aim was to assess the state of current practices and needs, and their alignment to institutional and national guidelines for data management. The target audience included scientific and technical employees at all levels. A response rate of 24% of the target demographic was achieved. The survey revealed a general need for improvement and structuring of research data handling. This includes provision of adequate storage space, back-up schedules, and the familiarization of young researchers with good scientific practice.
    Language: English
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Mit dem Journal „System Erde“ berichtet das Deutsche GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ über die unterschiedlichen Facetten seiner Forschungsarbeiten. Die Reihe richtet sich vor allem an Entscheidungsträger in Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik, an interessierte Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler sowie an die fachinteressierte Öffentlichkeit.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
    Publication Date: 2018-08-16
    Description: The objective of this paper is to analyse and make recommendations on a safeguard system for Article 6 that aims at preventing potential harm that mitigation activities may cause on the ground to local stakeholders and the environment. Following some definitory aspects of what and how to safeguard, the paper analyses a number of safeguard systems and do no harm principles as well as tools to implement them. It then gives an overview on Parties' views on the matter, as uttered in their latest submissions on Art. 6 options, as well as an overview of the references in the UNFCCC's SBSTA Chair's text with respect to sustainable development, safeguards, and human rights issues. The paper closes with recommendations on a possible safeguard system for Article 6.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
    Publication Date: 2021-04-20
    Description: This policy paper reviews the concept of additionality in the context of the Paris Agreement. Additionality is a key criterion that helps to maintain the environmental integrity of the Paris Agreement, especially when units created under Article 6.2 or 6.4 are used for offsetting purposes whether that is by Parties in order to meet their NDCs or whether by other entities with legal mitigation obligations. It does so by first reviewing key concepts such as offsetting, environmental integrity, and baseline. Subsequently, it explores the context of additionality under the Paris Agreement. More specifically it discusses what should be counted as the baseline for additionality demonstration. The subsequent chapter then highlights the challenges with establishing additionality, that is establishing a causal relationship between a policy intervention and a proposed activity. Finally, the Policy Paper discusses aspects of international governance with respect to additionality.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
    Publication Date: 2018-11-23
    Description: This JIKO Policy Paper explores how Parties using Article 6 can increase their mitigation ambition. Building on a broad definition of ambition raising which puts the intensification of climate change mitigation targets and actions by Parties at its centre, eight different ambition raising options are identified. The analysis shows that these options are associated with different technical, institutional and political challenges, calling for a combination of different ambition raising options.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
    Publication Date: 2019-01-31
    Description: Although it is not part of what has been called the "ambition mechanism" or "ratchet mechanism", Article 6 of the Paris Agreement also has an explicit requirement to promote ambition. Article 6 specifically highlights that some Parties choose to pursue voluntary cooperation in the implementation of their nationally determined contributions to allow for higher ambition in their mitigation and adaptation actions. Despite the common purpose, the two elements have to date been discussed mostly in isolation, both in the negotiations as well as in the wider literature. This JIKO Policy Paper sets out to change this by exploring the relationship between Article 6 and the Global Stocktake.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The Port of Rotterdam is one of the pioneers in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. It is the largest port in Europe and extends over 40 kilometres to the North Sea coast. Its ambitious goal: the port wants to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from its industrial cluster as well as from freight traffic to a large extent. For the study "Deep Decarbonisation Pathways for Transport and Logistics Related to the Port of Rotterdam" the Wuppertal Institute analysed available options for the maritime as well was hinterland transports on behalf of the Rotterdam Port Authority. The 2050 scenarios by the Wuppertal Institute show that decarbonisation will significantly change both, volume and structure of the transported goods - which add to the on-going trend from bulk to container transport. This will have considerable structural effects on port operations and in particular on hinterland traffic. A comprehensive decarbonisation (〉95 per cent) will require significant efficiency improvements through operational and technical measures and the switch to non-fossil fuels, as well as a strong shift of container transport from road transport to rail and inland navigation. For maritime shipping to and from Rotterdam two feasible pathways towards full decarbonisation by 2050 are presented. Both include a stepwise shift towards renewable electricity based energy carriers for ships (liquids and gaseous for long distances and hydrogen and electricity for shorter distances). Finally the report derives a set of recommendations for the Port Authority as well as the Dutch, German and European policymakers to support the transition towards a drastic reduction of greenhouse gase (GHG) emissions from in the transport sector and for using this as a strategy for a sustainable economic development.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: In this project, an overview and prioritization of relevant technologies of the German energy transition are presented in a consolidated form. Many of the relevant technologies have already been developed and deployed to the market. However, in various sectors like system integration or sector coupling, innovation needs remain, as well as in-depth research on further possibilities and potentials for cost degression and technology optimization for all technologies.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: This document is intended to provide basic guidance to researchers who work with digital data as well as all stakeholders with an interest in this issue and also provides advice on sources of further information. It was prepared by the Research Data Working Group in the Priority Initiative “Digital Information” of the Alliance of German Science Organisations.
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Das Jahr 2017 war auf dem Potsdamer Telegrafenberg, der langjährigen Heimat von Friedrich Robert Helmert, geprägt durch mehrere Jubiläen: der 125ste Jahrestag der Eröffnung der neuen Forschungsräumlichkeiten des Geodätischen Instituts wurde am 06. April 2017 unter Beteiligung von zahlreichen Gästen mit einem bunten Festprogramm gefeiert. Am darauf folgenden Tag haben mehrere Vortragende in einem gut besuchten Kolloquium an das 100ste Todesjahr von F.R. Helmert erinnert. Dies wurde ergänzt durch zahlreiche Vortragsveranstaltung und weitere Kolloquien zu Helmert, die im Jahr 2017 an mehreren Orten in Deutschland durchgeführt wurden, wie z.B. in Aachen, Dortmund und - an seinem exakten Todestag, dem 15. Juni – in Potsdam. Die faszinierende Ausstellung „Fokus Erde“ hat im Frühjahr 2017 im Haus der Brandenburgisch- Preußischen Geschichte in Potsdam die Entwicklung der Geodäsie als Wissenschaft in den letzten beiden Jahrhunderten mit beeindruckenden Exponaten einer breiten Öffentlichkeit präsentiert. Es war zu sehen, dass die Geschichte der Geodäsie – national wie auch international – im ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert wesentlich vom Potsdamer Telegrafenberg aus geprägt wurde und es muss nicht erstaunen, dass in der Ausstellung die Leistungen von Helmert, sowohl als Wissenschaftler, Hochschullehrer, geodätischer Beobachter wie auch als Organisator wissenschaftlicher Projekte eine besondere Rolle spielten. Bei den Feiern zum 25-jährigen Bestehen des Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsches Geoforschungszentrum (GFZ), die ebenfalls im Jahr 2017 stattfanden, wurde immer auf die großartigen wissenschaftlichen Leistungen des langjährigen Institutsdirektors Helmert hingewiesen, die eine unverzichtbare Grundlage der heutigen Arbeiten am GFZ bedeuten und in deren Tradition sich das GFZ auch heute noch sieht. Der vorliegende Band soll insofern die unterschiedlichen Bereiche des Lebens und Wirkens von F.R. Helmert, die zum Teil im Jubiläumsjahr 2017 an verschiedenen Stellen zu Tage befördert wurden, zusammenführen und, ergänzt um weitere neu recherchierte Aspekte, den Bogen bis in die heutige Zeit der Satellitengeodäsie und des Einsatzes von Hochleistungsrechnern für geodätische Aufgaben spannen. Ohne die grundlegenden Arbeiten von Helmert wäre diese Entwicklung nicht möglich gewesen. In diesem Sinne nehmen wir seinen Geburtstag am 31. Juli 1843 zugleich zum Anlass, sein wissenschaftliches Wirken zu seinem 175. Ehrentag mit diesem Buch zu würdigen. Allen Beteiligten an den genannten Veranstaltungen wie auch den Autoren des vorliegenden Bandes sei hiermit ausdrücklich gedankt. Den Beiträgen vorangestellt ist eine Bildauswahl mit Portrait- und Gruppenaufnahmen, die Helmert zu verschiedenen Zeiten und in unterschiedlichen Positionen seines wissenschaftlichen Wirkens präsentieren.
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Mit dem Journal "System Erde" berichtet das Deutsche GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ über die unterschiedlichen Facetten seiner Forschungsarbeiten. Die Reihe richtet sich vor allem an Entscheidungsträger in Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik, an interessierte Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler sowie an die fachinteressierte Öffentlichkeit.
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Diese Handreichung soll als Einstieg für Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler, die mit digitalen Daten arbeiten, sowie für alle an dieser Thematik Interessierten dienen und bietet darüber hinaus Hinweise zu weiterführender Information. Sie wurde von der Arbeitsgruppe „Forschungsdaten“ der Schwerpunktinitiative „Digitale Information“ der Allianz der deutschen Wissenschaftsorganisationen1 verfasst.
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  ESKP-Themenspezial: Rohstoffe in der Tiefsee
    Publication Date: 2021-04-18
    Description: Nahezu alle metallischen Rohstoffe, die die Menschheit gegenwärtig benötigt, werden an Land gewonnen. Mit jedem Anstieg der Rohstoffpreise und der zunehmenden Nachfrage einer wachsenden Weltbevölkerung nach neuen Technologien, könnte es attraktiver werden, auch im Meer nach metallischen Rohstoffen zu suchen. Und der Bedarf für den Ausbau der E-Mobilität, die Energiewende und für die zunehmende Digitalisierung aller Lebensbereiche erhöht sich weiter. Die Europäische Union sieht mittlerweile die Versorgung mit 27 strategisch wichtigen Rohstoffen (2017) kritisch. Hierunter fallen beispielsweise Antimon, Germanium oder Kobalt. Die Folgen einer Rohstoffknappheit würden die deutsche Industrie besonders treffen, denn sie ist bei metallischen Rohstoffen nahezu komplett importabhängig. Stellen die Ozeane vor diesem Hintergrund eine attraktive Alternative für die Rohstoffbeschaffung dar? Dieser Frage wollen wir in unserem neuen ESKP-Themenspezial nachgehen. Die Erkundungen nach metallischen Rohstoffen in der Tiefsee sind voll im Gange: im Indischen Ozean, im Pazifik, auf alten Seerücken oder den Flanken submariner Vulkane. Insbesondere Kupfer, Kobalt und Nickel kommen in der Tiefsee in Mengen vor, die mit denen an Land vergleichbar sind. Der Run auf die Erkundungslizenzen hat bereits begonnen und die Unterwasserwelt wird nach und nach aufgeteilt, um den Tiefseebergbau voranzutreiben. So haben sich die Anträge bei der Internationalen Meeresbodenbehörde in den letzten fünf Jahren verdreifacht. Doch ist aus Umweltgesichtspunkten der Abbau metallischer Rohstoffe im Meer überhaupt vertretbar? Welche Auswirkungen auf die marinen Ökosysteme hätten riesige Trübungswolken am Meeresgrund? Wie ausgereift sind die Technologien für den Meeresbodenbergbau? Wie könnte ein zuverlässiges Umweltmonitoring in der Tiefsee aussehen? Wäre es besser nach Einsparmöglichkeiten an Land zu suchen und Alternativen zu erforschen? Viele durchaus strittige Fragen, die wir aus Sicht der Forschung beleuchten wollen.
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: A new calibration facility was developed, tested, and installed at the premises of the Geomagnetic observatory in Niemegk to test induction coil magnetometers (search coils) in the frequency range 100Hz to 1 MHz. The new calibration facility is based on a Braunbeck coil, which extends existing installations based on a three-dimensional Helmholtz coil and a cylindrical coil which cover only the frequency range from a few mHz to 100 kHz. The new calibration coil is primarily needed to test magnetic field sensors used by the Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam for the so-called Radio Magnetotelluric (RMT) method. The RMT method uses electromagnetic fields transmitted by radio stations to infer the electrical conductivity distribution of the shallow subsurface (~1 m to 50 m). We present theoretical calculations to determine the parameters of the new calibration coil, which could be confirmed with measurements using an OMICRON BODE 100 spectrum analyser. The new coil system was also tested by calibrating two existing magnetic field sensors (METRONIX) MFS07 and SHFT-02e) with known response functions. We infer an overall accuracy of the new system of 〈0.05nT in amplitude and 〈0.5° in phase for frequencies 〈700kHz and ≤0.05nT and ≤3° degrees for frequencies 〉 700kHz. We also developed, tested and calibrated a new magnetic field sensor, using a set of three orthogonal toroidal coils (based on the antenna AN 200). The initial results look promising. The overall noise figures surpass those of the Metronix SHFT-02e sensor. The amplitude characteristic is slightly non-linear though, varying between 5 and 75 mV/nT over the frequency range 10 kHz to 1 MHz.
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
    Publication Date: 2021-04-20
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
    Publication Date: 2021-04-20
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
    Publication Date: 2019-01-18
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Publication Date: 2021-04-20
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: On behalf of the Port of Rotterdam Authority, the Wuppertal Institute developed three possible pathways for a decarbonised port of Rotterdam until 2050. The port area is home to about 80 per cent of the Netherlands' petrochemical industry and significant power plant capacities. Consequently, the port of Rotterdam has the potential of being an international leader for the global energy transition, playing an important role when it comes to reducing CO2 emissions in order to deliver on the EU's long-term climate goals. The three decarbonisation scenarios all built on the increasing use of renewables (wind and solar power) and the adoption of the best available technologies (efficiency). The analysis focuses on power plants, refineries and the chemical industry, which together are responsible for more than 90 per cent of the port area's current CO2 emissions. The decarbonisation scenarios describe how CO2 emissions could be reduced by 75 to 98 per cent in 2050 (compared to 2015). Depending on the scenario, different mitigation strategies are relied upon, including electrification, closure of carbon cycles or carbon capture and storage (CCS). The study includes recommendations for local companies, the Port Authority as well as policy makers. In addition, the study includes a reference scenario, which makes it clear that a "business as usual" mentality will fall well short of contributing adequately to the EU's long-term climate goals.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This Policy Brief outlines the "identity crisis" in which voluntary carbon standards find themselves after the adoption of the Paris Agreement. It describes how the new international legal framework threatens to undermine the legitimation and credibility of voluntary carbon standards and discusses first ideas how the arising challenges could be dealt with.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Mit dem Journal „System Erde“ berichtet das Deutsche GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ über die unterschiedlichen Facetten seiner Forschungsarbeiten. Die Reihe richtet sich vor allem an Entscheidungsträger in Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik, an interessierte Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler sowie an die fachinteressierte Öffentlichkeit.
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Mit dem Journal „System Erde“ berichtet das Deutsche GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ über die unterschiedlichen Facetten seiner Forschungsarbeiten. Die Reihe richtet sich vor allem an Entscheidungsträger in Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik, an interessierte Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler sowie an die fachinteressierte Öffentlichkeit.
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Länge: 15 Min.
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  • 69
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Energiewende ist Daseinsvorsorge. Eine erfolgreiche Energiewende benötigt eine Wärmewende! Innovationen, Demonstration und gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz spielen dabei eine Schlüsselrolle. Das „Zwanzig20- Forum Wärmewende“ entwickelt Strategien für den zukünftigen Einsatz von innovativen Technologien zur Realisierung der Wärmewende. Wir sind davon überzeugt, dass eine effiziente Wärmeversorgung urbaner Räume aus heimischen, regenerativen Energiequellen nicht nur möglich, sondern auch umsetzbar ist. Die Wärmewende kan gelingen, wenn die Energieeffizienz und der Anteil erneuerbarer Wärme gesteigert werden und der Sektor Strom geschickt in die Wärmeerzeugng eingebunden wird. Effizienzmaßnahmen haben Vorrang, stoßen aber an Grenzen. Erneuerbare Energien besitzen im Wärmesektor ein hohes Entwicklungspotential. Es gibt kein Patentrezept, die Wärmewende muss technologieoffen gestaltet werden. Im Transformationsprozess spielen Akzeptanz, Demografie und strukturierte Stadtentwicklung eine Schlüsselrolle. Deshalb sind die technologischen Lösungsansätze in eine holistische Sichtweise zu integrieren. Für eine Wärmewende sollten Lösungen ab der Dimension „Quartier“ vorrangig umgesetzt werden. Städte sind stark verdichtete Lebensräume des Menschen. Wärme-, Kälte- und Gasnetze bringen erneuerbare Energien in diese Lebensräume. Daher werden diese Netze in Städten erhalten und ausgebaut. In Großstädten gibt es auch künftig einen substanziellen Bedarf für eine zentrale Fernwärmeversorgung. Hierfür ist zukünftig die Nutzung von Erdwärme unverzichtbar. Die Netze sind die Energieversorgungsinfrastrukturen, die eine Integration der Innovationen von morgen ermöglichen, also von Lösungen, die wir heute noch nicht kennen. Bei vielen technologischen Prozessen fällt Abwärme an, die ungenutzt an die Umwelt abgegeben wird. Die Stadt der Zukunft heizt und kühlt mit dieser Abwärme. Dafür sind Speicher notwendig, auch saisonale Großspeicher. Demonstration ist wichtig für den Erfolg der Wärmewende. Demonstration adressiert die vorhandenen Zielkonflikte, hilft den Veränderungsprozess lösungsorientiert zu gestalten und fördert die Akzeptanz. Benötigt werden mehr Demonstrationsprojekte. Ausgehend von technologischen Lösungen bauen sichtbare und erfolgreiche Demonstrationsprojekte Vorbehalte und Unsicherheiten ab und schaffen Blaupausen für erfolgreiches Handeln und Wirtschaften. Dabei vernetzten sie an einem konkreten Standort die relevanten Akteure und verhelfen Innovationen zum Markteinstieg. Der Entwicklung von regenerativen Demonstrationsvorhaben stehen deutliche Hemmnisse gegenüber, daher ist sie für alle Beteiligten zeit- und ressourcenintensiv. Eine regenerative Wärmeversorgung erfordert zusätzliche Investitionen und muss sich als neuer Teilnehmer in einem etablierten und gedeckten Wärmemarkt behaupten. Kostendruck und Konkurrenzstellung liefern dabei wenig Anreize für Versorger und Verbraucher, regenerative Technologien zu implementieren. Die Anwendung innovativer Technologien stellt vielfach die etablierten Rollen zwischen Erzeuger und Verbraucher sowie dem Produkt der Wertschöpfung in Frage. Neue Geschäftsmodelle haben es schwer sich durchzusetzen, da die etablierten Modelle gut funktionieren. Demonstrationsvorhaben müssen daher durch staatliche Förderprogramme stimuliert werden. Integrierte Verbundprojekte zwischen der Wärmewirtschaft und öffentlichen Forschungsinstitutionen liefern gute Voraussetzungen für eine Förderfähigkeit.
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Wege zur Kunst
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German , English
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The 2016 LoNNe (Loss of the Night Network) intercomparison campaign is the fourth of four campaigns planned during EU COST Action ES1204. The first campaign took place in 2013 in Lastovo, Croatia, the second in Madrid, Spain (Bará et al 2015), the third in Torniella and Florence, Italy (Kyba et al 2015a). The 2016 campaign took place at the Parc Astronòmic Montsec (PAM). The campaign was supported by the European Collective Awareness Platform for Social and Sustainable Innovation (CAPPSI) STARS4ALL, in which the activity is planned to become a continuous light pollution initiative (LPI). The financing of this campaign, which is listed as a milestone in the MoU of the COST Action ES1204, was unexpectedly waived by the EU-COST Office due to administrative complications and re-organization of the grant-periods. The campaign continued the strategy of taking measurements at multiple sites, this year with a main fixed site and then excursions to other sites. The goals of the campaigns included: ● Understanding the difference between extinction measurements made by DSLR photometry and classical astronomical (telescope) photometry, and also understanding the relation between extinction and sky brightness at these two sites. ● Examining the difference in radiance measured with the mosaic technique of the US National Parks Service camera compared to all-sky fisheye imagery ● Examining the relationships between all-sky and zenith radiance reported by different instruments ● Quantifying the sky brightness at the sites, including full zenith spectral radiance at selected locations ● Measuring the systematic uncertainty on handheld SQM observations due to unit-to-unit differences This report provides a brief synopsis of the campaign and its preliminary outcomes. Section 2 describes the measurement locations, the detailed activities of the participants, the instruments used, and the environmental conditions. Section 3 describes a meeting with local authorities that took place during the campaign. Section 4 provides some preliminary results, outlines the ongoing analyses, and presents research questions for the next campaign to address. Section 5 provides recommendations for future intercomparison campaigns. The Municipality of Balaguer coordinated with us regarding the time that architectural lamps were turned off, and the village of Àger allowed us to turn all street lighting off at a time of our choice.
    Language: English
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Der Film dokumentiert den Kurs für Grundschulkinder „Geochemische Schatzsuche“. Ziel des Kurses ist es, Grundschulkinder für Naturwissenschaften zu begeistern. Länge: 6:37 min
    Language: German
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Der Report des Helmholtz Open Science Workshops „Zugang zu und Nachnutzung von wissenschaftlicher Software“ #hgfos16 behandelt die Themen Standards und Qualitätssicherung; Reproduzierbarkeit; Lizenzierung und weitere rechtliche Aspekte; Zitation und Anerkennung; Sichtbarkeit und Modularität; Geschäftsmodelle; Personal, Ausbildung, Karrierewege. Diese Themen sind eng miteinander verzahnt. Für jeden Themenbereich werden jeweils die Relevanz, Fragestellungen, Herausforderungen, mögliche Lösungsansätze und Handlungsempfehlungen betrachtet.
    Language: German
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2021-10-12
    Language: German
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  • 75
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR - Data
    Publication Date: 2022-12-07
    Language: English
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  • 76
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
    Language: German
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  • 77
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
    Language: German
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  • 78
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
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  • 79
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This study conducted by Wuppertal Institute and Germanwatch explores how the social pillar of sustainability at the local level could be met in Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) projects. For this purpose, the authors evaluate the livelihood dimension of CSP technology based on a case study conducted on the 160 MW pilot CSP plant Nooro I in Ouarzazate, Morocco.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 81
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: A major cornerstone on the way to low-carbon sustainable development on a global scale will be a swift and effective implementation of all countries' INDCs submitted to the UNFCCC prior to Paris. However, doing so will require transforming development pathways away from currently pervasive carbon lock-ins. This can only be successful if countries take a systemic view on their development agendas, and link mitigation, adaptation and other developmental priorities together for a coherent overarching sustainable development strategy. The ownership for this process needs to be with the countries themselves as such strategies touch fundamentally upon national policy-making and implementation. At the same time, developing countries have access to bi- and multilateral financial and technical cooperation. To enable a systemic, country-led perspective, development cooperation needs to shift its paradigms away from currently prevalent project-level interventions. A truly innovative and transformational shift with the objective of pursuing a low-carbon and climate resilient society needs to open up space for experimentation as new ways of doing things need to be put into practice. Experiments will not always be successful, but foster learning on a national as well as an international level on pitfalls and solutions in new approaches to low-carbon sustainable development. Not least, there needs to be a renewed focus on programmatic approaches that link various topical domains for a country-led process, and a critical look at development work that is "doomed to succeed". Our article draws from systems theory, development studies and recent work on transitions studies and transformational change in the international domain. It links up different theoretical concepts with practical approaches in order to outline a future development agenda that will be owned by developing countries and supported non-invasively by bi- and multilateral development cooperation to foster low-carbon development pathways that are urgently needed to solve the climate crisis.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This handbook was developed in the context of a joint project of the Wuppertal Institute and the Centre for Social Investment (CSI) called the System Innovation Lab. It combined sustainability transformation research insights with those of social innovation in order to design an on-the-job training and coaching that would enable participants to take a systemic approach to innovation and test what this means in their respective work settings. Focussing on the topic of sustainable energy futures in Europe it addressed young European leaders in government, the private sector and civil society working on energy issues and combined latest theoretical insights with novel innovation and leadership methods to spread the capacity and courage that transforming entire sectors requires.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The increasing rate of renewable energies poses new challenges for industries: the amount of wind and solar energy is by far more subject to fluctuations than that of fossil based energy. Large production facilities from the aluminium, cement, steel or paper industry, however, depend on a highly secure energy supply. To which amount is a limitation of fluctuations possible? This was the key question of the project "Flexibilisation of Industries Enables Sustainable Energy systems", which was realised by the Wuppertal Institute in cooperation with the polymers company Covestro last year. In the final report, authors around project co-ordinator Karin Arnold not only show which technological and economic parameters have been considered, but also present possible business models to promote "flexibility products".
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 84
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement established three approaches for countries to cooperate with each other: cooperative approaches, a new mechanism to promote mitigation and sustainable development ("sustainable development mechanism"), and a framework for non-market approaches. However, while the "sustainable development mechanism" seems familiar as its principles strongly resemble the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the other two approaches have so far not been clearly defined conceptually. This JIKO Policy Paper summarizes the views by Parties and observes that were submitted at the end of September and reveals some sharp differences in opinions on how Art. 6 should work.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This JIKO Policy Brief summarizes the state of play of the negotiations on a global market-based mechanism (global MBM) under ICAO. It specifies the respective responsibilities and different approaches of ICAO and the UNFCCC. It traces the historic activities in regard of climate protection under ICAO and provides an overview of the current negotiation process that is to culminate at the upcoming ICAO General Assembly in autumn 2016. Furthermore, the Policy Brief reflects on the CDM experience and derives recommendations.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 86
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The international governance landscape on climate change mitigation is increasingly complex across multiple governance levels. Climate change mitigation initiatives by non-state stakeholders can play an important role in governing global climate change and contribute to avoiding unmanageable climate change. It has been argued that the UNFCCC could and should play a stronger role in "orchestrating" the efforts of these initiatives within the wider climate regime complex and thus inspire new and enhanced climate action. In fact, the Lima-Paris Action Agenda supporting cooperative climate action among state and non-state actors was supposed to be a major outcome of COP21. There is little doubt that successful mitigation initiatives can create a momentum for climate protection. What is missing, is a systematic analysis of how this momentum can feed back into the UNFCCC negotiation process, inspiring also enhanced and more ambitious climate mitigation by states in future iterations of the cycle of nationally determined contributions under the Paris Agreement. This paper aims to close this gap: building on a structurational regime model, the article [1] develops a theory of change of how and through which structuration channels non-state initiatives can contribute to changing the politics of international climate policy; [2] traces existing UNFCCC processes and the Paris Agreement with a view to identifying entry points for a more direct feedback from non-state initiatives; and [3] derives recommendations on how and under which agenda items positive experiences can resonate within the UNFCCC negotiation process.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: Will climate change stay below the 2 degree target in the 21st century on the basis of the COP 21 results? Looking into challenges and opportunities, this paper answers: To stay below the global 2dt is neither a real choice for the world society nor for businesses and civil societies in specific countries. It is a global guideline, scientifically developed for global negotiations, which should be broken down to national interests and actors. Key questions concerning the energy sector from the perspective of national interests are how to create and sustain a momentum for the inevitable energy transition, how to encourage disruptive innovations, avoid lock in effects, enable rapid deployment of energy efficiency and renewable energies etc. Or in other words: how to get to a competitive, economically benign, inclusive, low carbon and risk minimising energy system. With this background the paper argues that "burden sharing" is a misleading perception of strong climate mitigation strategies. It is more realistic to talk about "benefit sharing", using the monetary benefits and co-benefits of climate mitigation (e.g. energy cost savings, revenues from CO2-tax or emission trading systems) to help vulnerable national and international actors to adapt to the unavoidable climate risks. It has to be demonstrated on country level that the technologies and policy mix of strong climate mitigation and risk-minimising actions are indeed "benefit sharing" strategies which should be chosen anyhow, even if there was no climate change. For China and Germany this paper includes basic findings supporting this view.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: "Transformative science" is a concept that delineates the new role of science for knowledge societies in the age of reflexive modernity. The paper develops the program of a transformative science, which goes beyond observing and analyzing societal transformations, but rather takes an active role in initiating and catalyzing change processes. The aim of transformative science is to achieve a deeper understanding of ongoing transformations and increased societal capacity for reflexivity with regard to these fundamental change processes. The concept of transformative science is grounded in an experimental paradigm, which has implications for (1) research, (2) education and learning, and (3) institutional structures and change in the science system. The article develops the theoretical foundations of the concept of transformative science and spells out the concrete implications in these three dimensions.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 89
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Die vorliegende Ausgabe des GFZ-Journals „System Erde“ soll einen Einblick in die am GFZ betriebene Forschung zur Seismologie geben.
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) performed a dual-phase scientific drilling project to investigate mountain-building processes called Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC). The borehole COSC-1 was drilled through the Lower Seve Nappe, as the first of two 2.5 km deep drill holes close to Åre, central Sweden. The recovered rocks comprise a 1650 m thick suite of high grade gneisses and amphibolites with clear Seve Nappe affinities, while the lower 850 m comprise rather homogenous mylonitic gneisses with interfingered K-rich phyllonite bands of cm to several m size and some intercalated amphibolites. The different lithologies all crosscut the core in a subhorizontal direction with foliation of gneisses and phyllonites in the same direction. Albite and garnet porphyroblasts with pressure shadows show syn-deformational growth and the same sub-horizontal alignment. The focus of this thesis is to detect chemical and mineralogical differences in mylonitic and host rocks and to relate these differences to either metasomatism and deformation or inherited source rock variance. Another goal of this work is to compare chemical core scanning instruments. For this purpose two different μ-Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (μ-EDXRF), Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and hyperspectral imaging techniques served to measure seven samples from the lower 850 m of the COSC-1 core. The measurements reveal sharp borders between different rock types without indication of metasomatic changes, pointing to a heterogeneous protolith such as greywacke. Element and mineral maps show strong pervasive ductile deformation with mylonite recrystallization. The comparison of the scanning devices shows that the μ-EDXRF scanner with 50 μm resolution can be used perfectly for microstructural investigations and heavy element analysis. The XRF core scanner from AVAATECH is very useful and sufficiently precise for element profiles of line scans. The LIBS scanner is great to create distribution maps of elements from H to U with a resolution of 200 μm. The hyperspectral cameras are extremely fast in acquiring spectral mineral maps and structural information. However, several rock forming minerals in gneisses can currently not be identified and a calibration for metamorphic rocks is still needed.
    Language: English
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  • 91
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Diese Ausgabe des GFZ-Journals „System Erde“ wurde im Dezember 2016 produziert und erscheint im Januar 2017. Das ist der Monat, in dem das Deutsche GeoForschungsZentrum seinen 25. Geburtstag feiert. Der Schwerpunkt Südamerika ist dabei durchaus passend, denn die Forscherinnen und Forscher des GFZ arbeiten dort seit der Gründung des Zentrums. Die Südpazifikküste mit den großen Subduktionsbeben, die Anden mit ihren Vulkanen und all die geologischen Prozesse, die in der Region sichtbar werden, sind wie die Seiten eines Lehrbuchs der Geologie – wenn man sie denn zu entziffern weiß. Selbst die so genannten passiven Kontinentalränder an den Küsten des Südatlantiks bieten uns tiefe Einblicke in die Erdgeschichte; sie sind Geoarchive erster Ordnung. Hinzu kommt, dass sie Lagerstätten für Rohstoffe bergen.
    Language: German
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  • 92
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Geologische Speicherung von CO2
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Film 7: "Die Stilllegung eines CO2-Speichers – Pilotstandort Ketzin" (Länge 10:39) Produktionsjahr: 2015
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2022-12-07
    Description: Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) is one of the fundamental space geodetic techniques. Important goals for the next generation of VLBI technology are continuous operations as well as automated data processing. For this reason, it is necessary to introduce real time capable parameter estimation algorithms, such as Kalman filters, to VLBI data analysis. In this study, such a filter was implemented in the VLBI software VieVS@GFZ, and several aspects related to VLBI data processing were investigated. Within the corresponding module VIE_KAL it is possible, for example, to estimate all parameters important in VLBI analysis, adapt their stochastic models, flexibly define the datum, integrate external data, as well as extract datum free normal equations. The foci of the investigations were on the effects of the troposphere, the most important error source in VLBI analysis, and on the determination of station positions, which are of great importance in geodesy. For the stochastic model of the tropospheric delays, station- and timedependent differences were considered. In comparisons with tropospheric parameters from GNSS, water vapor radiometers and numerical weather models, the Kalman filter solution yielded 5 to 15% smaller differences than a least squares solution based on the same models and VLBI data. Also in the case of estimated station coordinates, the Kalman filter solution exhibited better baseline length and station coordinate repeatabilities. The application of station-based process noise led to additional improvements. Furthermore, the Kalman filter was used to estimate subdaily station coordinate variations caused by tidal and loading effects. Finally, the findings were used to determine Kalman-filter-based global terrestrial reference frames (TRFs). For the stochastic model of the coordinate variations of particular stations, loading deformation time series were utilized. The non-deterministic approach of the Kalman filter allowed the consideration of non-linear station movement, for example, due to irregular seasonal effects or post-seismic deformations. In comparisons with a VLBI TRF solution from a classical adjustment and ITRF2008, a good agreement in terms of transformation parameters and station velocities was achieved. The findings from testing different options related to the parameterization and to the stochastic model will help to improve future reference frames.
    Language: German
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 95
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
    Language: German
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  • 97
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
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  • 100
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2022-03-28
    Description: A temporary installation has been realized in the Netherlands, in the region of the Groningen gas field. The objective of this installation is to test the usage of a conventional array layout for detection of microseismicity. The region of the Groningen gas field is an excellent test ground, since the operating company NAM (Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij) installed a multitude of shallow borehole stations from 2014 to 2017, of which 65 – in addition to the already existing shallow borehole stations installed by KNMI (Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut) – were already online during the time of measurement, thus ensuring an earthquake catalogue that is complete down to low magnitudes during the time of array installation. The site for the installation was decided together with local parties involved in the seismicity monitoring, i.e. KNMI and NAM, and was located close to the village of Wittewierum. Stations were installed from the 12th of July 2016 to the 29th of August 2016 (49 days). The array was composed of 9 stations. The array was constructed in three concentric rings of 75 m, 150 m and 225 m diameter including a central station, but the geometry had to be adapted to the local conditions. Each station consisted of a broadband sensor (Trillium 120 s), an acquisition system (CUBE datalogger), a battery, and a GPS antenna. The entire system was installed at ~1 m depth (apart from GPS and transmission antennas), requiring only the digging of shallow holes, one for the installation of a thin concrete plate and the sensor, another one for a box containing the remaining instrumentation. The array stations recorded continuously with little outages; only station WAR1 stopped recording on the 22nd of August and station WAR7 stopped recording from 20th to 22nd of August. Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 1C, and is fully open.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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