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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The question of how human-environment interactions help constitute society is an integral part of social scientific research. The social sci-ences and humanities have taken several “turns” to explore the role of materiality or the body and the human senses in order to understand how humans make sense of and socially construct their environment. In this rugged landscape, an emerging interdisciplinary research field is currently developing into a promising test bed for exploring the social dimension of human-environment interactions. The shared focus is on ALAN—artificial light at night. While astronomers, biologists, ecolo-gists, physicians, and psychologists explore primarily the visual and nonvisual effects of light and darkness on flora, fauna, and humans as well as ecosystems (Falchi et al. 2016; Gaston et al. 2015; Roenneberg et al. 2013),1 there is also an increasing interest in day and night rhythms, artificial lighting, dark skies, and their social and cultural implications in the social sciences, historical studies, and humanities. As outlined in the following, this research is perfectly suited to challenging the persistent dichotomous notions of nature and culture and add to a better under-standing of how our sense making relates to our senses.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-10-28
    Description: The participation of citizens in scientific research has a long tradition, and in some disciplines, especially medical research, it is even common practice. In Technology Assessment (TA), Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI), and Sustainable Development (SD), the participation of citizens can be of considerable value. In this paper, we explore this value for three concepts, based on the researcher’s insights from three participatory research projects. The first project is the citizen science project TeQfor1, which was conducted with, for, and on the type 1 diabetes community, who do not feel adequately supported by the conventional health care system. In the second project, citizens with vision impairments participated in the technological development of an audio-tactile navigation tool in the TERRAIN project. The third project (Nachtlichter) dealt with light pollution. Based on the three projects presented, we show that citizen participation makes specific contributions to TA, RRI, and SD. We also investigate the specificity of citizen engagement and motivation by differentiating between existing and emerging involvement. In conclusion, we discuss the benefits that may be added by participatory approaches for the three concepts of TA, RRI, and SD.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Die künstliche Beleuchtung unserer nächtlichen Umwelt hat seit der Elektrifizierung so stark zugenommen, dass Naturschützerinnen und Naturschützer von Lichtverschmutzung sprechen. Wissenschaftliche Studien zeigen, dass sich künstliches Licht bei Nacht negativ auf die Tier- und Pflanzenwelt auswirken kann und auch bei Menschen hormonelle Reaktionen hervorrufen kann. Forschende beobachten den Zuwachs an künstlicher Helligkeit daher mit Sorge und versuchen Lichtemissionen und ihre Entwicklung zu quantifizieren.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Concerns about the potential negative effects of artificial light at night on humans, flora and fauna, were originally raised by astronomers and environmentalists. Yet, we observe a growing interest in what is called light pollution among the general public and in the lighting field. Although lighting professionals are often critical of calling light ‘pollution’, they increasingly acknowledge the problem and are beginning to act accordingly. Are those who illuminate joining forces with those who take a critical stance towards artificial light at night? We explore this question in more detail based on the results of a non-representative worldwide expert survey. In our analysis, we distinguish between “lighting professionals” with occupational backgrounds linked to lighting design and the lighting industry, and “light pollution experts” with mostly astronomy- and environment-related professional backgrounds, and explore their opposing and shared views vis-à-vis issues of light pollution. Our analysis reveals that despite seemingly conflicting interests, lighting professionals and light pollution experts largely agree on the problem definition and problem-solving approaches. However, we see diverging views regarding potential obstacles to light pollution mitigation and associated governance challenges.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This article analyzes the emergence of a new environmental issue in the German press. Since the 1990s, scientists have detected traces of pharmaceuticals, hormones and chemicals in all segments of the water cycle. These micropollutants have negative effects on aquatic life and might affect human health. Their sources are manifold and include private households. Yet although micropollutants of are direct concern to media audiences, they are a challenging topic for news reporting. Although this issue is systemic and fraught with uncertainty, it does not easily translate into news stories. Our content analysis of 444 articles (1995–2015) reveals that the societal risk was rarely presented as a stand-alone topic. Instead, the issue was mostly covered as part of local routine reporting and framed as a challenge for experts to solve. Over time, the reporting became more managerial, while media framings of micropollutants gained more substance and scope. We contend that local routine reporting should receive more attention as a public forum for addressing emerging environmental concerns.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Science Technology and Human Values
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The fascination and thrill of arts festivals relates to their capacity to host the unexpected, surprising and new. The economic model of novelty bundling markets presents a rare attempt to account for the potential impact of festivals on innovation. Its cognitive conception of festivals as sites of economic evolution offers a point of departure for this paper. The economic model is criticised and further developed, especially in two respects, drawing on sociological studies on science, technology and society and on empirical data from two cases of innovatively used lighting technology in festivals. First, it is argued that festivals offer a fair space for the simultaneous discovery, display and valorisation of the new that is produced by performers, curators and audiences, and by innovators, intermediaries and consumers alike. Secondly, the production and consumption of newness in festivals is linked to the specific way in which their socio-material setting facilitates what has been termed framing and overflowing of cognitive formats. Finally, the analysis sheds new light not only on the innovative impact of festivals but also on the scholarly reserve to engage with this field of research.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Industry and Innovation
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Recent innovation research describes events as mechanism for innovation diffusion but does not explore their socio-material dimension. This study compares and conceptualises event settings that allow professional technology users to engage with an innovation before they adopt it. The focus is on temporary installations of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in lighting trade fairs and light festivals. LEDs are currently transforming the lighting field. This study focuses on the time when LED products were already on the market but demand was still low. Based on ethnographic research, it shows that in this critical situation, events offered professional users formats for trying and evaluating LED technology in event-specific ways. While trade fair displays promoted the adoption of LED products, festival projects allowed professional LED users to creatively adapt and shape the new technology. Theoretically, this study combines social-scientific innovation research on events with social-constructivist studies on user–innovation interaction in a multi-level conceptual framework.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In the 21st century, the notion of “sustainable lighting” is closely associated with LED technology. In the past ten years, municipalities and private light users worldwide have installed light-emitting diodes in urban spaces and public streets to save energy. Yet an increasing body of interdisciplinary research suggests that supposedly sustainable LED installations are in fact unsustainable, because they increase light pollution. Paradoxically, blue-rich cool-white LED lighting, which is the most energy-efficient, also appears to be the most ecologically unfriendly. Biologists, physicians and ecologists warn that blue-rich LED light disturbs the circadian day-and-night rhythm of living organisms, including humans, with potential negative health effects on individual species and whole ecosystems. Can the paradox be solved? This paper explores this question based on our transdisciplinary research project Light Pollution—A Global Discussion. It reveals how light pollution experts and lighting professionals see the challenges and potential of LED lighting from their different viewpoints. This expert feedback shows that “sustainable LED lighting” goes far beyond energy efficiency as it raises complex design issues that imply stakeholder negotiation. It also suggests that the LED paradox may be solved in context, but hardly in principle.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-11-28
    Description: Das Bürgerwissenschaftsprojekt Nachtlichter ist Teil des Nachtlicht-BüHNE Projekts (2019 – 2022), finanziert von der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF). Im Projekt haben wir einen bisher einzigartigen und weiterhin wachsenden Datensatz erstellt. Hierzu entwickelten wir im Rahmen einer fast zweijährigen, transdisziplinären Teamleistung zunächst eine mobile Web Applikation, die Nachtlichter App. Zum Einsatz kam die App vom 31. Aug. bis 14. Nov. 2021. Über zweihundert Mitforschende zählten und dokumentierten fast eine Viertelmillion künstliche Lichtquellen auf öffentlichen Straßen und Plätzen. Nachtlichter-Kampagnen liefen vorwiegend in deutschen Städten. Dieser Projektbericht dokumentiert den bürgerwissenschaftlichen Forschungsprozess basierend auf sozialwissenschaftlichen Datenerhebungsmethoden wie Interviews, teilnehmenden Beobachtungen und einer Nachbefragung der Nachtlichter-Beteiligten, an der 97 Personen freiwillig teilnahmen. Ausgehend von unseren gemeinsamen Erfahrungen, teilen wir mit diesem Bericht unser praktisch erprobtes Verständnis von Bürgerwissenschaft als gemeinsamen Prozess auf Augenhöhe und unsere Begeisterung. Wir schließen mit drei Vorschlägen für nachhaltige partizipative Forschung.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
    Format: application/pdf
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