ALBERT

Note: Contents Preface Ackowledgements 1 Introduction 1.1 Definition and extent 1.2 The role of the cryosphere in the climate system 1.3 The organization of cryospheric observations and research 1.4 Remote sensing of the cryosphere Part I The terrestrial cryosphere 2A Snowfall and snow cover 2.1 History 2.2 Snow formation 2.3 Snow cover 2.4 Snow cover modeling in land surface schemes of GCMs 2.5 Snow interception by the canopy 2.6 Sublimation 2.7 Snow metamorphism 2.8 In situ measurements of snow 2.9 Remote sensing of snowpack properties and snow-cover area 2.10 Snowmelt modeling 2.11 Recent observed snow cover changes 2B Avalanches 2.12 History 2.13 Avalanche characteristics 2.14 Avalanche models 2.15 Trends' in avalanchf:' conditions 3 Glaciers and ice caps 3.1 History 3.2 Definitions 3.3 Glacier characteristics 3.4 Mass balance 3.5 Remote sensing 3.6 Glacier flow and flowlines 3.7 Scaling 3.8 Glacier modeling 3.9 Ice caps 3.10 Glacier hydrology 3.11 Changes in glaciers and ice caps 4 Ice sheets 4.1 History of exploration 4.2 Mass balance 4.3 Remote sensing 4.4 Mechanisms of ice sheet changes 4.5 The Greenland Ice Sheet 4.6 Antarctica 4.7 Overall ice sheet changes 4.8 Ice sheet models 4.9 Ice sheet and ice shelf interaction 4.10 Ice sheet contributions to sea level change 5 Frozen ground and permafrost 5.1 History 5.2 Frozen ground definitions and extent 5.3 Thermal relationships 5.4 Vertical characteristics of permafrost 5.5 Remote sensing 5.6 Ground ice 5.7 Permafrost models 5.8 Geomorphological features associated with permafrost 5.9 Changes in permafrost and soil freezing 6 Freshwater ice 6.1 History 6.2 Lake ice 6.3 Changes in lake ice cover 6.4 River ice 6.5 Trends in river ice cover 6.6 Icings Part II The marine cryosphere 7 Sea ice 7.1 History 7.2 Sea ice characteristics 7.3 Ice drift and ocean circulation 7.4 Sea ice models 7.5 Leads, polynyas, and pressure ridges 7.6 Ice thickness 7.7 Trends in sea ice extent and thickness 8 Ice shelves and icebergs 8.1 History 8.2 Ice shelves 8.3 Ice streams 8.4 Conditions beneath ice shelves 8.5 Ice shelf buttressing 8.6 Icebergs 8.7 Ice islands Part Ill The cryosphere past and future 9 The cryosphere in the past 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Snowball Earth and ice-free Cretaceous 9.3 Phanerozoic glaciations 9.4 Late Cenozoic polar glaciations 9.5 The Quaternary 9.6 The Holocene 10 The future cryosphere: impacts of global warming 10.1 Introduction 10.2 General observations 10.3 Recent cryospheric changes 10.4 Climate projections 10.5 Projected changes to Northern Hemisphere snow cover 10.6 Projected changes in land ice 10.7 Projected permafrost changes 10.8 Projected changes in freshwater ice 10.9 Projected sea ice changes Part IV Applications 11 Applications of snow and ice research 11.1 Snowfall 11.2 Freezing precipitation 11.3 Avalanches 11.4 Ice avalanches 11.5 Winter sports industry 11.6 Water resources 11.7 Hydropower 11.8 Snow melt floods 11.9 Freshwater ice 11.10 Ice roads 11.11 Sea ice 11.12 Glaciers and ice sheets 11.13 Icebergs 11.14 Permafrost and ground ice I 1.15 Seasonal ground freezing Glossary References Index

Note: Contents: Preface. - 1. Introduction. - 1.1 The environment of the polar regions. - 1.2 The role of the polar regions in the global climate system. - 1.3 Possible implications of high latitude climate change. - 2. Polar climate data and models. - 2.1 Introduction. - 2.2 Instrumental observations. - 2.3 Meteorological analysis fields. - 2.4 Remotely sensed data. - 2.5 Proxy climate data. - 2.6 Models. - 3. The high latitude climates and mechanisms of change. - 3.1 Introduction. - 3.2 Factors influencing the broadscale climated of the polar regions. - 3.3 Processes of the high latitude climates. - 3.4 The mechanisms of high latitude climate change. - 3.5 Atmospheric circulation. - 3.6 Temperature. - 3.7 Cloud and precipitation. - 3.8 Sea ice. - 3.9 The ocean circulation. - 3.10 Concluding remarks. - 4. The last million years. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 The Arctic. - 4.3 The Antarctic. - 4.4 Linking high latitude climate change in the two hemispheres. - 5. The Holocene. - 5.1 Introduction. - 5.2 Forcing of the climate system during the Holocene. - 5.3 Atmospheric circulation. - 5.4 Temperature. - 5.5 The ocean circulation. - 5.6 Sea ice and sea surface temperatures. - 5.7 Atmospheric gases and aerosols. - 5.8 The cryosphere, precipitation and sea level. - 5.9 Concluding remarks. - 6. The instrumental period. - 6.1 Introduction. - 6.2 The main meteorological elements. - 6.3 Changes in the atmospheric circulation. - 6.4 The ocean environment. - 6.5 Sea ice. - 6.6. Snow cover. - 6.7 Permafrost. - 6.8 Atmospheric gases and aerosols. - 6.9 Terrestrial ice and sea level. - 6.10 Attribution of recent changes. - 6.11 Concluding remarks. - 7. Predictions for the next 100 years. - 7.1 Introduction. - 7.2 Possible future greenhouse gas emission scenarios and the IPCC models. - 7.3 Changes in the atmospheric circulation and the modes of climate variability. - 7.4 The main meteorological elements. - 7.5 The ocean circulation and water masses. - 7.6 Sea ice. - 7.7 Seasonal snow cover and the terrestrial environment. - 7.8 Permafrost. - 7.9 Atmospheric gases and aerosols. - 7.10 Terrestrial ice, the ice shelves and sea level. - 7.11 Concluding remarks. - 8. Summary and future research needs. - 8.1 Introduction. - 8.2 Gaining improved understanding of past climate change. - 8.3 Modelling the high latitude climate system. - 8.4 Data required. - 8.5 Concluding remarks. - References. - Index.

Note: Part I: Introduction to Data Mining Chapter 1 - What's It All About? Chapter 2 - Input: Concepts, Instances, and Attributes Chapter 3 - Output: Knowledge Representation Chapter 4 - Algorithms: The Basic Methods Chapter 5 - Credibility: Evaluating What's Been Learned Part II: Advanced Data Mining Chapter 6 - Implementations: Real Machine Learning Schemes Chapter 7 - Data Transformations Chapter 8 - Ensemble Learning Chapter 9 - Moving on: Applications and Beyond Part III: The Weka Data Mining Workbench Chapter 10 - Introduction to Weka Chapter 11 - The Explorer Chapter 12 - The Knowledge Flow Interface Chapter 13 - The Experimenter Chapter 14 - The Command-Line Interface Chapter 15 - Embedded Machine Learning Chapter 16 - Writing New Learning Schemes Chapter 17 - Tutorial Exercises for the Weka Explorer

Note: Contents: Part I Introductory Section. - 1 High-Resolution Paleoclimatology / Raymond S. Bradley. - 2 Dendroclimatology in High-Resolution Paleoclimatology / Malcolm K. Hughes. - Part II Scientific Bases of Dendroclimatology. - 3 How Well Understood Are the Processes that Create Dendroclimatic Records? A Mechanistic Model of the Climatic Control on Conifer Tree-Ring Growth Dynamics / Eugene A. Vaganov, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, and Michael N. Evans. - 4 Uncertainty, Emergence, and Statistics in Dendrochronology / Edward R. Cook and Neil Pederson. - 5 A Closer Look at Regional Curve Standardization of Tree-Ring Records: Justification of the Need, a Warning of Some Pitfalls, and Suggested Improvements in Its Application / Keith R. Briffa and Thomas M. Melvin. - 6 Stable Isotopes in Dendroclimatology: Moving Beyond ‘Potential’ / Mary Gagen, Danny McCarroll, Neil J. Loader, and Iain Robertson. - Part III Reconstruction of Climate Patterns and Values Relative to Today’s Climate. - 7 Dendroclimatology from Regional to Continental Scales: Understanding Regional Processes to Reconstruct Large-Scale Climatic Variations Across the Western Americas / Ricardo Villalba, Brian H. Luckman, Jose Boninsegna,Rosanne D. D’Arrigo, Antonio Lara, Jose Villanueva-Diaz, Mariano Masiokas, Jaime Argollo, Claudia Soliz, Carlos LeQuesne, David W. Stahle, Fidel Roig, Juan Carlos Aravena, Malcolm K. Hughes, Gregory Wiles, Gordon Jacoby, Peter Hartsough, Robert J.S. Wilson, Emma Watson, Edward R. Cook, Julian Cerano-Paredes, Matthew Therrell, Malcolm Cleaveland, Mariano S. Morales, Nicholas E. Graham, Jorge Moya, Jeanette Pacajes, Guillermina Massacchesi, Franco Biondi, Rocio Urrutia, and Guillermo Martinez Pastur. - Part IV Applications of Dendroclimatology. - 8 Application of Streamflow Reconstruction to Water Resources Management / David M. Meko and Connie A. Woodhouse. - 9 Climatic Inferences from Dendroecological Reconstructions / Thomas W. Swetnam and Peter M. Brown. - 10 North American Tree Rings, Climatic Extremes, and Social Disasters / David W. Stahle and Jeffrey S. Dean. - Part V Overview. - 11 Tree Rings and Climate: Sharpening the Focus / Malcolm K. Hughes, Henry F. Diaz, and Thomas W. Swetnam. - Index.

Note: Science after the end of science? An introduction to the "epochal break thesis" / Alfred Nordmann, Hans Radder, Gregor Schiemann -- The age of technoscience / Alfred Nordmann -- We are not witnesses to a new scientific revolution / Gregor Schiemann -- "Knowledge is power," or how to capture the relationship between science and technoscience / Martin Carrier -- Climbing the hill: seeing (and not seeing) epochal breaks from multiple vantage points / Cyrus C. M. Mody -- Breaking up with the epochal break: the case of engineering sciences / Mieke Boon, Tarja Knuuttila -- Science and its recent history: from an epochal break to novel, nonlocal patterns / Hans Radder -- Knowledge-making in transition: on the changing contexts of science and technology / Andrew Jamison -- Alliances between styles: a new model for the interaction between science and technology / Chunglin Kwa -- Experimenting with the concept of experiment: probing the epochal break / Astrid Schwarz, Wolfgang Krohn -- Intensification, not transformation: digital media's effects on scientific practice / Valerie Hanson -- Technologies of viewing: aspects of imaging in natural sciences / Angela Krewani -- Technoscience as popular culture: on pleasure, consumer technologies, and the economy of attention / Jutta Weber -- The good old days: medical research then and now / James Robert Brown -- Toward a new culture of prediction: computational modeling in the era of desktop computing / Ann Johnson, Johannes Lenhard -- Epilogue: the sticking points of the epochal break thesis / Hans Radder..

Note: CONTENT Preface / M. Dergacheva, A. Makeev Description of study area and paleosol / M. Dergacheva, N. Mironycheva-Tokareva, S. Ponomarev, D. Gavrilov LECTURES Essentials of the paleopedology and a review of Quaternary paleosols of the Northern Hemisphere: main items, presented in the lectures / A. Makeev Paleosols in geologic history of the Earth / A. Makeev Possibilites and limits of pedohumus method used at investigations types and environment of ancient pedogenesis / M. Dergacheva Classification system of paleosols / I. Fedeneva Indicating function of pedogenic carbonates in paleoclimatic reconstruction of Holocene and Pleistocene / O. Khokhlova Miromorphological capacities for reseaching of palaeosoils / M. Lebedeva (Verba) Three-dimensional morphology of soil / A. V. Zakharchenko Paleomagnetic method for studing Pliocene and Quaternary deposits of Siberia (current status, problems, prospects) / Z. N. Gnibidenko Specific chemical state anthropogenic transformed soil of the ancient settlements / O. Yakimenko Geochemical peculiarities of soils as an indicator of specific of their formation and anthropogenic transformation / L. Rikhvanov REPORTS Problem of paleosols weed / A. Blagodatnova Spatial distribution of mobile phosphates in Kamennyi Ambar settlement (Chelyabinsk region) / K. Bojtsova Review of literature data for the study of humus horizon chernozem rate formation / E. Burnatova Pedogenic features in paleosols of Samara Volga region archaeological sites / D. Vassilieva Paleosols of Early Iron Age double kurgan of burial ground Kuigenzhar (Northern Kazakhstan) / D. Gavrilov, R. Ishmuratov, A. Toguzbaev Salt soils of Central-Tuva depression / Ch. Danchai-ool Humus composition of Zaural' e forest-steppe and steppe zones on example of archaeological sites / T. Zhdanova Properties variation of the upper part of the modern soils and surface paleosols of key site Volodarka (Barnaul Priobye) / H. Zhaharova Chernozems morphological properties of key area «Volodarka» / O. Kazachenok Comparative characteristics of the modern turf-podzolic soil and the soil buried under centenary dump (Sysert' District, Middle Urals) / L. Kirilyuk Paleopedology: objects and article of researches (review of publications in a «Soil Science» magazine for 2008-2010) / M. Komarova Soils with a buried humus horizon / B. Mongush Paleogeography formation conditions of Tuva sandy landscapes / Ch. Mongush, S. Kurbatskaya The comparative characteristic of 700-year-old and background soil near Sovetskiy city (middle taiga) / O. Nekrasova Humus soil memory: the conditions and time limits for the conservation of steppe / A. Nikiforov Study Holocene evolution of Central Tuva soil and soil formation / K. Ochur Estimation of restoration rate of damaged soils (on materials of studying archaeological objects of the foreststeppe zone) / E. Politova, V. Valdayskih Some polygenetic chernozem characteristics of the Ob Plateau Eastern edge (for example, the key area "Volodarka") / S. Ponomarev Vertical zonality soils in the Sayan mountains in Tuva / V. Sanchaiban Soil physical properties as a soil memory flash / E. Surkova Peculiarities of soddy-alluvial soil of the river Sysert' water-meadow (The Middle Urals) / A. Uchaev Aqueous extract composition of anthropogenically disturbed soils of Kamennyi Am bar settlement / D. Filimonova Environmental conditions of steppe soils for example near the village of Volodarka / H. Cherepanova New investigations at Tokaj-Csorgukut II. Loess section, Northeast Hungary / D. G. Páll, G. Persaits, P. Sümegi P Preliminary results on the phytoliths of the dutch neolithic site Swifterbant as seen from samples retrieved from soils, pig droppings and molars / G. Persaits, D. C. M. Raemaekers , In kyrillischer Schrift , Beiträge teilweise in englischer, teilweise in russischer Sprache

Note: Bounded rationality and elections -- Aspiration-based adaptive rules -- Party competition -- Turnout -- Voter choice -- An integrated model of two-party elections -- Elections with multiple parties -- Conclusions: bounded rationality and elections -- The computational model..

Note: Preface 1. Fire and brimstone: how volcanoes work 2. Eruption styles, hazards and ecosystem impacts 3. Volcanoes and global climate change 4. Forensic volcanology 5. Relics, myths and chronicles 6. Killer plumes 7. Human origins 8. The ash-giant/sulphur-dwarf 9. European volcanism in prehistory 10. The rise of Teotihuacan 11. Dark Ages: dark nature? 12. The Haze famine 13. The last great subsistence crisis in the western world 14. Volcanic catastrophe risk Appendix A. Volcano trumps: notable eruptions of the past 10,000 years Appendix B. Further reading Index.

Note: Contents Chapter 1. Introduction / Lead authors: Morten Skovgaard Olsen, Lars-Otto Reiersen Chapter 2. Arctic Climate: Recent Variations / Lead authors: John E. Walsh, James E. Overland, Pavel Y. Groisman, Bruno Rudolf Chapter 3. Climate Model Projections for the Arctic / Lead authors: James E. Overland, Muyin Wang, John E. Walsh, Jens H. Christensen, Vladimir M. Kattsov, William L. Chapman Chapter 4. Changing Snow Cover and its Impacts / Lead authors: Terry V. Callaghan, Margareta Johansson, Ross D. Brown, Pavel Y. Groisman, Niklas Labba, Vladimir Radionov Chapter 5. Changing Permafrost and its Impacts / Lead authors: Terry V. Callaghan, Margareta Johansson, Oleg Anisimov, Hanne H. Christiansen, Arne Instanes, Vladimir Romanovsky, Sharon Smith Chapter 6. Changing Lake and River Ice Regimes: Trends, Effects and Implications / Lead authors: Terry Prowse, Knut Alfredsen, Spyros Beltaos, Barrie Bonsal, Claude Duguay, Atte Korhola, James McNamara, Warwick F. Vincent, Valery Vuglinsky, Gesa Weyhenmeyer Chapter 7. Mountain Glaciers and Ice Caps / Lead authors: Martin Sharp, Maria Ananicheva, Anthony Arendt, Jon-Ove Hagen, Regine Hock, Edward Josberger, R. Dan Moore, William Tad Pfeffer, Gabriel J. Wolken Chapter 8. The Greenland Ice Sheet in a Changing Climate / Lead authors: Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Jonathan Bamber, Carl E. Bøggild, Erik Buch, Jens H. Christensen, Klaus Dethloff, Mark Fahnestock, Shawn Marshall, Minik Rosing, Konrad Steffen, Robert Thomas, Martin Truffer, Michael van den Broeke, Cornelis van der Veen Chapter 9. Sea Ice / Lead authors: Walter N. Meier, Sebastian Gerland, Mats A. Granskog, Jeffrey R. Key, Christian Haas, Grete K. Hovelsrud, Kit M. Kovacs, Alexander Makshtas, Christine Michel, Donald Perovich, James D. Reist, Bob E.H. van Oort Chapter 10. Arctic Societies, Cultures, and Peoples in a Changing Cryosphere / Lead authors: Grete K. Hovelsrud, Birger Poppel, Bob E.H. van Oort, James D. Reist Chapter 11. Cross-cutting Scientific Issues / Lead authors: Terry V. Callaghan, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Margareta Johansson, Roland Kallenborn, Jeffrey R. Key, Robie Macdonald, Terry Prowse, Martin Sharp, Konrad Steffen, Warwick F. Vincent Chapter 12. SWIPA Synthesis: Implications of Findings / Lead author: James D. Reist Acronyms and abbreviations

Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.

Note: Machine generated contents note: Introduction Jan Aart Scholte; 1. Global governance, accountability and civil society Jan Aart Scholte; 2. Civil society and accountability of the United Nations Kerstin Martens; 3. The World Bank and democratic accountability: the role of civil society Alnoor Ebrahim and Steven Herz; 4. Civil society and IMF accountability Jan Aart Scholte; 5. Civil society and the WTO: contesting accountability Marc Williams; 6. Civil society and accountability in the Commonwealth Timothy M. Shaw and Pamela K. Mbabazi; 7. The organisation of the Islamic conference, accountability and civil society Saied Reza Ameli; 8. Civil society and patterns of accountability in the OECD Morten Ougaard; 9. Civil society and G8 accountability Peter I. Hajnal; 10. Structuring accountability: the Asia-Europe meeting Julie Gilson; 11. Civil society and accountability in global governance of climate change Peter Newell; 12. Civil society and accountability promotion in the global fund Carolyn Long and Nata Duvvury; 13. Accountability in private global governance: ICANN and civil society Mawaki Chango; 14. Civil society and the World Fair Trade Organisation: developing responsive accountability Heidi Ullrich; Conclusion Jan Aart Scholte..

Note: PART I: SETTING THE SCENE -- Public Deliberation in the Context of Interest Advocacy -- Worlds Apart or Connected? Interest Advocacy and Public Deliberation -- The Features and Principles of Citizens' Forums -- PART II: EMPIRICAL INSIGHTS -- CDL Case: Deliberation Waste -- GeneTech Case: Deliberation Digested -- Consumer Case: Deliberation Over-Protected -- Diagnostics Case: Deliberation Tested -- PART III: IMPLICATIONS -- The Challenges of Citizens' Forums -- Strategic Uses of Public Deliberation -- Accommodating Interest Advocacy in Public Deliberation -- References -- Index

Note: Contents: Part 1: Introduction ; Building the Global Adaptation Community ; Part 2: Describing Impacts at the Local Level ; Introduction: Describing Impacts at the Local Level ; Understanding Potential Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Options in Indian Megacities ; Assessment of Climate Change-Induced Vulnerability to Floods in Hyderabad, India, Using Remote Sensing Data ; The Role of Community Resilience in Adaptation to Climate Change: The Urban Poor in Jakarta, Indonesia ; Ecohealth and Climate Change: Adaptation to Flooding Events in Riverside Secondary Cities, West Africa ; Climate Change and Adaptive Capacity of Women to Water Stress in Urban Centers of Nigeria: Emerging Concerns and Reactions ; Urban Climate Strategies Against Future Heat Stress Conditions ; Climate-Proof Urban Transport Planning: Opportunities and Challenges in Developing Cities ; Part 3: Frameworks for Local Action – Challenges and Proactive Recommendations ; Introduction: Frameworks for Local Action – Challenges and Proactive Recommendations ; Inclusive Adaptation: Linking Participatory Learning and Knowledge Management to Urban Resilience ; Urban Adaptation Planning and Governance: Challenges to Emerging Wisdom ; Urban Climate Change Adaptation in the Context of Transformation: Lessons from Vietnam ; Getting Ready for a Changing Climate: Supporting Councillor’s Leadership Role in Adaptation ; Environmental Learning from the Ivory Tower to the Town Square: The Case of Trondheim, Norway ; Plan B:altic: A Social–Ecological Approach to Climate Change Adaptation ; Governance Recommendations for Adaptation in European Urban Regions: Results from Five Case Studies and a European Expert Survey ; Creating Resilient Cities Through Empowered, Deliberative Participation ; Part 4: Local Strategies and Actions in Response to Climate Change ; Introduction: Local Strategies and Actions in Response to Climate Change ; Comparative Research on the Adaptation Strategies of Ten Urban Climate Plans ; Managing Regional Climate Mitigation and Adaptation Co-benefits and Co-costs ; Interdisciplinary and Multi-institutional Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation ; Climate Adaptation Strategies: Evidence from Latin American City-Regions ; Adaptation in UK Cities: Heading in the Right Direction? ; Finding the Balance: Challenges and Opportunities for Climate Change Adaptation at Different Levels of English Local Government ; Local Strategies for Climate Change Adaptation: Urban Planning Criteria for Municipalities of the Basque Country, Spain ; Climate Change Adaptation in Dutch Municipalities: Risk Perception and Institutional Capacity ; Toward a More Flood Resilient Urban Environment: The Dutch Multi-level Safety Approach to Flood Risk Management ; Climate Change and City Development: Resilience Strategies in Bonn ; Integrated Climate Adaptation in Dresden: Insights from Flood Prevention ; Integrated Climate Protection Program for the City of Chemnitz: Climate Diagnosis, Climate Change Prognosis, and Adaptation Measures in the Urban Area ; Adaptation Strategies for the City of Cape Town: Finding the Balance Within Social-Ecological Complexity ; Sharing the Lagos Megacity Experience in the Integrated Management of Sea Level Rise and Flooding ; Community-Based Vulnerability Assessment: Semarang, Indonesia ; Research News for Climate Compliant Cities: The Case of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam ; Building Resilience to Climate Change Through Adaptive Land Use Planning in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam ; Climate Change Risk Management for a Suburban Local Government: The Case of Kogarah, Australia ; Climate Change as a Survival Strategy: Soft Infrastructure for Urban Resilience and Adaptive Capacity in Australia’s Coastal Zones ; Curitiba, Brazil: A Model for Resilience in Latin America? ; Part 5: Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation in Cities ; Introduction: Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation in Cities ; Building Resilience to Climate Change in Asian Cities ; Local Vulnerability Assessment of Climate Change and Its Implications: The Case of Gyeonggi-Do, Korea ; Ecosystem-Based Adaptation in the Urban Environment ; Urban Agriculture and Climate Change Adaptation: Ensuring Food Security Through Adaptation ; Cooling the Public Realm: Climate-Resilient Urban Design ; The Role of Transport in Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change Impacts in Urban Areas ; Urban Green Spaces: Potentials and Constraints for Urban Adaptation to Climate Change ; Urban Climate Framework: A System Approach Towards Climate Proof Cities ; Part 6: Reality Check – Adaptation on the Ground ; Introduction: Reality Check – Adaptation on the Ground ; Preparing for Climate Change While Advancing Local ; Quito’s Climate Change Strategy: A Response to Climate Change in the Metropolitan District of Quito, Ecuador ; Climate Change Implications for Dhaka City: A Need for Immediate Measures to Reduce Vulnerability ; Adaptation in Practise: Durban, South Africa

Note: Contents: Preface; Summary for policymakers; Technical summary; 1. Assessing our nitrogen inheritance; Part I. Nitrogen in Europe: The Present Position: 2. The European nitrogen problem in a global perspective; 3. Benefits of nitrogen for food fibre and industrial production; 4. Nitrogen in current European policies; 5. The challenge to integrate nitrogen science and policies; Part II. Nitrogen Processing in the Biosphere: 6. Nitrogen processes in terrestrial ecosystems; 7. Nitrogen processes in aquatic ecosystems; 8. Nitrogen processes in coastal and marine ecosystems; 9. Nitrogen processes in the atmosphere; Part III. Nitrogen Flows and Fate at Multiple Scales: 10. Nitrogen flows in farming systems across Europe; 11. Nitrogen flows and fate in rural landscapes; 12. Nitrogen flows and fate in urban landscapes; 13. Nitrogen flows from European watersheds to coastal marine waters; 14. Atmospheric transport and deposition of nitrogen in Europe; 15. Geographic variation in terrestrial nitrogen budgets across Europe; 16. Integrating nitrogen fluxes at the European scale; Part IV. Key Societal Threats of Nitrogen: 17. Nitrogen as a threat to European water quality; 18. Nitrogen as a threat to European air quality; 19. Nitrogen as a threat to the European greenhouse balance; 20. Nitrogen as a threat to European terrestrial biodiversity; 21. Nitrogen as a threat to European soil quality; Part V. European Nitrogen Policies and Future Challenges: 22. Costs and benefits of nitrogen in the environment; 23. Developing integrated approaches to nitrogen management; 24. Future scenarios of nitrogen in Europe; 25. Coordinating European nitrogen policies between directives and international conventions; 26. Societal choice and communicating the European nitrogen challenge; Glossary; Index.

Note: Content: Preface. - Polar ecosystems in a changing climate. - Ice edge blooms - Migrating oases in polar seas. - Antarctic: Krill has evolved adaptation strategies to its extreme environment. - Living at -20 degrees: why sea Ice algae don't freeze up. - ocean acidification and Iron deficiency affect Antarctic phytoplankton communities. - The oceans are acidifying: spIder crabs and Ice fIsh are feeling the repercussions of climate change. - melting glaciers - Changing coastal ecosystems in the West Antarctic. - In the service of science: elephant seals explore the Southern Ocean. - Ocean Acoustics - palaoa broadcasts live from the Southern Ocean. - When ice shelves disintegrate - diversity of life on the Antarctic seabed. - RV 'Polarstern' in Antarctica - observations in the ice. - deep-sea observatory in the Arctic: Climate change affects life on the ocean floor. - plankton rain in the vicinity of the Arctic HAUSGARTEN: What do sinking particles tell us?. - pelagic research in the Arctic faces new challenges. - fram observatory - live conference with the Arctic deep sea in preparation. - dom - the oceans' molecular memory. - siberian forests moving north - impact on the climate and biodiversity. - promoting young talent: High school pupils learn together with AWI scientists. - dream job- polar scientist - How a student achieved her goal over an icy path. - marIne biosciences in the scientific-societal context of the 21st. century. - Contact persons at the AWI. - Imprint. - geographic locatIons of the research reports of this brochure

Note: Beitr. teilw. in dt., teilw. in engl. Sprache

Note: Meditation: why bother? -- What meditation isn't -- What meditationis -- Attitude -- The practice -- What to do with your body -- What to do with your mind -- Structuring your meditation -- Set-up exercises -- Dealing with problems -- Dealing with distractions 1 -- Dealing with distractions II -- Mindfulness (Sati) -- Mindfulness versus concentration -- Meditation in everyday life -- What's in it for you.

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS: Contemporary hydrographic network of the North-East of the Russian Plain: chronology of development / A. S. Lavrov, L. M. Potapenko. - Some distinctions of big and smoll interglacials (by way of example of Western Siberia during Late Pleistocene) / S. A. Laukhin, A. M. Firsov. - Pollen spectra in the lithological facies of lake bottom sediment on the White Sea Coast / N. B. Lavrova, V. V. Kolka, O. P. Korsakova. - Barsova Gora is the unical object of glacial geology and Taiga vegetation in the middle Priobie / N. B. Levina, V. A. Tkachenko, V. N. Turin, N. N. Lavrovich, E. V. Shepetova. - Geological role of ice in formation of the Arctic Ocean recent and quaternary sediments composition / M. A. Levitan, K. V. Syromyatnikov. - Granite protrusions as a relief-forming factor of the activated sections of platforms and mobile belts / M. G. Leonov, E. S. Przhiyalgovsky. - Glacial tectonics and the granulated substance mechanics / M. G. Leonov, O. G. Epshtein. - Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene lake sediments in hollow D'Issyk-kul / O. N. Leflat, T. N. Voskresenskaya. - Complexity and diversity of genetic indication of loose formations and new things in the methods of their identification (according to the results of research of small rivers' valleys of the North of Amur-Zeya Plain, Lower Amur Region and Western Priokhotye / E. Yu. Likutov. - Landscape-geological characteristic of travertine cascade of the ancient thermal source of tract pymvashor / A. A. Ljubas, J. N. Bolotov, M. Y. Gofarov, S. A. lglovskiy. - Lake's lithogenesis: new formations are on the bottom of the drying up Udinsky Streach / L. A. Magaeva, M. T. Ustinov. - Genetic classification of peat deposits based on trophicity degree / G. L. Makarenko. - On the issue of classification of mires based on trophicity degree / G. L. Makarenko. - Some burning issues of a structural interpretation of the plain areas relief / V. I. Makarov, N. V. Makarova, T. V. Sukhanova. - The first experience of the 230Th/U dating of buried wood remains / R. E. Maksimov, V. Yu. Kuznetsov, S. A. Laukhin, I. E. Zherebtsov, S. B. Levchenko, N. G. Baranova. - Variations of the relative intensity of geomagnetic field in bottom sediments of the Bering Sea and North-Western Pacific during the last 380 kyr / M. I. Malakhov, S. A. Gorbarenko, D. Nurnberg, R. Tiedemann, G. Yu. Malakhova, J. Riethdorf. - Using high-resolution records petromagnetic and lithophysic characteristics of the sediments Bering Sea and high-latitude Western Pacific for reconstruction of climate and environment in the Late Pleistocene-Holocene / M. I. Malakhov, S. A. Gorbarenko, D. Nurnberg, R. Tiedemann, G. Yu. Malakhova, J. Riethdorf. - Some information about genetic classification of lakes of the Vepsovsky Hill East of the Leningrad Region / O. V. Malozemova, L. A. Nesterova, D. A. Subetto. - Middle Pleistocene small mammal faunas of Eastern and Central Europe: Chronology, correlation / A. K. Markova, T. van Kolfschoten. - Astronomical and meteorological criteria of defining human activity traces in ancient megalith rock complexes in the North-West Russia / L. S. Marsadolov, G. N. Paranina. - Palynological characteristics of the middle Pleistocene deposits in the Vychegda River Basin, the Komi Republic (preliminary data) / T. I. Marchenko-Vagapova. - Isotope specialization (δ18O, δ13C) of quaternary carbonates from Belarus and potential of palaeoenvironments indication / N. A. Makhnach. - The complex survey of quaternary deposits / A. V. Mashukov, A. E. Mashukova. - Quaternary deposits and construction materials' deposits in the Kaluga Region / S. G. Medvedeva. - Vegetation and climate of Sakhalin in the early Holocene / Yu. A. Mikishin, L. G. Gvozdeva. - Inorganic geochemistry record of stages 6-11 from Elgygytgyn lake sediments (deep drilling data) / P. S. Minyuk, V. Ya. Borkhodoev and Elgygytgyn Scientific Party. - Palaeoshorelines on the Murmansk coast / M. V. Mityaev. - Vertical matter flow in Gulfs on Murmansk and Karelian coasts / M. V. Mityaev, M. V. Gerasimova. - Channel and basin components of sediment yield in the formation of quaternary alluvial suites of rivers of the middle Volga Region / V. V. Mozzherin. - Late Pleistocene interglacial-glacial climatic transition (MIS 5/MIS 4) as derived from palynological analysis and IR-OSL dating of deposits from the Voka Reference Section, Southeastern coast of the Gulf of Finland / A. N. Molodkov, N. S. Bolikhovskaya. - Quaternary sediments in the Central Part of Northern West Siberia / D. V. Nazarov. - Palynological evidences of the postglacial warm event of the Laptev Sea Region / O. D. Naidina. - Some problems of using luminescent methods for absolute dating of glacial deposits (by the example of Chagan Section, SE Altai) / R. K. Nepop, A. R. Agatova, H. Rodnight. - Freshwater travertine-like carbonates of the Izhora Plateau as the natural markers of the structural dislocations / M. U. Nikitin, A. A. Medvedeva. - Fold deformations in late Pleistocene deposits of the Central Part Kola Region and their genesis / S. B. Nikolaeva. - Mammoths and man of stone age in Northern Europe - insight of a question on migrations to European Subarctic by Western paths / A. A. Nikonov. - Formation of present-day deposits in the conditions of technogenic litogenesis / E. N. Ogorodnikova, S. K. Nikolaeva. - Traces cryogenesis of Neopleistocene sediments the lower Irtysh / O. L. Opokina, E. A. Slagoda. - Stratigraphical subdivision of the Eopleistocene deposits of the Simbugino Site and new mollusc finds (Southern Foreurals) / E. M. Osipova, G. A. Danukalova. - Late Pleistocene to Holocene environment and climate in the Upper Ponoy Depression (Kola Peninsula) reconstracted from pollen record of Churozero lake bottom deposits / E. Yu. Pavlova, M. V. Dorozhkina, E. I. Devyatova. - Absolute chronology and climatic conditions of Valdai (Vistulian) terraces formation in the middle Seim River Valley / A. Panin, J.-P. Buylaert, E. Matlakhova, A. Murray, O. Pakholova. - Possibility of reconstruction of climate change in the Mongolian Altai based on analysis of annual records in glaciers and lacustrine sediment / T. S. Papma, E. Yu. Mitrofanova, N. S. Malygina. - Northern labyrinth - thee Gnomon: compass, clock, calendar / G. N. Paranina. - Late Pleistocene and Holocene paleogeography of the coastal lowlands of Is. Paramushir (Kuril Islands) / A. Ju. Pakhomov. - Upper-Kama (Verhnekama) Upland - the newest lifting of the middle Last Pleistocene / M. M. Pakhomov, I. L. Borodatyi. - Dating mass accumulations of Mammoth across Arctic Eurasia / V. V. Pitulko, P. A. Nikolskiy, A. E. Basilyan, E. Y. Pavlova. - Features of vertical distribution of the materials within the marginal zones of permafrost polygonal structures and its importance for dating of quaternary deposits in cryolitozone / V. V. Pitulko, E. Y. Pavlova, A. E. Basilyan, S. G. Kritsuk. - Morfogenesis of the tectonics active area of the Mongolian Altay / S. G. Platonova. - Reference section of the Lichvin interglacial in the North-Western Part of European Russia's Region / E. S. Pleshivtseva, V. L. Garkusha, M. A. Travina. - New radiocarbon dates of Late Quaternary Mammals in the Arkhangelsk Region in connection with reconstructions of the last glaciation in the Eastern Europe / D. V. Ponomarev, T. van Kolfschoten, A. K. Markova, J. van der Plicht. - Geological illustrations of Aral-Caspian Region's latest seismodynamic high activity / V. I. Popkov. - About Karagiinsk closed depression (Mangishlak)'s genesis / V. I. Popkov. - On the issue of formation of the Caucasian mineral waters' modern structural geomorphologic aspect / V. I. Popkov, I. G. Sazonov, D. A. Kolleganova. - Natural climate changes on the border of Late Pleistocene and Holocene / A. N. Popova, D. A. Subetto. - Some problems paleogeomorfologi Volga Region / I. V. Proletkin. - New perspectives on modern geomorphological studies / I. V. Proletkin. - Dynamics of small mammals local assem , In kyrill. Schr. , In engl. und rus. Sprache

Note: Vulnerable Systems; Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; Abbreviations; 1 Introduction and Definition of Key Terms; 2 Properties of Critical Infrastructures; 3 Challenges to Methods for the Vulnerability Analysis of Critical Infrastructures; 4 Basic Approaches; 5 Conceptual Frameworks for Vulnerability Assessment; 6 Methods of Analysis; 7 Concluding Considerations;.

Note: Contents: 1. Environmental Challenges of the 21st Century and the Need for Interdisciplinary Political Economy ; Part 1: Foundations ; 2. Climate Change: Lessons for Our Future from the Distant Past ; 3. Managerial, Institutional and Evolutionary Approaches to Environmental Economics: Theoretical and Policy Implications ; 4. Behavioural Economics: Seven Key Principles for Environmental Policy ; 5. The Whole Systems Approach in Ecological Economics ; Part 2: Innovation ; 6. Systems of Innovation: National, Regional and Technological Innovation Systems ; 7. Policy Support for Environmental Innovation ; 8.A Paradigm Shift in Economics: Endogenous Technological Change in Economic Models of Climate Change Policy ; 9.Modeling Biased Technical Change: Implications for Climate Policy ; Part 3: Sustainability ; 10. Confronting Consumption: Challenges for Economics and for Policy ; 11.Social and Psychological Drivers of Energy Consumption Behaviour and Energy Transitions ; 12.Management of North Sea Fisheries

Note: Table of Contents: Foreword / Margot Böse. - Depositional architecture and palaeogeographic significance of Middle Pleistocene glaciolacustrine ice marginal deposits in northwestern Germany: a synoptic overview / Jutta Winsemann, Christian Brandes, Ulrich Polom, Christian Weber. - Chronology of Weichselian main ice marginal positions in north-eastern Germany / Christopher Lüthgens, Margot Böse. - Deglaciation of a large piedmont lobe glacier in comparison with a small mountain glacier - new insight from surface exposure dating. Two studies from SE Germany / Anne U. Reuther, Markus Fiebig, Suan Ivy-Ochs, Peter W. Kubik, Jürgen M. Reitner, Hermann Herz, Klaus Heine. - Casting new light on the chronology of the loess/paleosol sequences in Lower Austria / Birgit Terharst, Christine Thiel, Robert Peticzka, Tobias Sprafke, Manfred Frechen, Florian A. Fladerer, Reinhard Roetzel, Christine Neugebauer-Maresch. - Editorial / Markus Fiebig. - Quaternary glaciation history of northern Switzerland / Frank Preusser, Hans Rudolf Graf, Oskar Keller, Edgar Krayss, Christian Schlüchter. - The Quaternary of the southwest German Alpine Foreland (Bodensee-Oberschwaben, Baden-Württemberg, Southwest Germany) / Dietrich Ellwanger, Ulrike Wielandt-Schuster, Matthias Franz, Theo Simon. - Quaternary Stratigraphy of Southern Bavaria / Gerhard Doppler, Ernst Kroemer, Konrad Rögner, Johannes Wallner, Hermann Jerz, Walter Grottenthaler. - An outline of the quaternary stratigraphy of Austria / Dirk van Husen, Jürgen M. Reitner. , Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache

Note: Contents: Chapter 1: Introduction to the book ; Chapter 2: The nature of qualitative research ; Part I: The design cycle ; Chapter 3: The design cycle ; Chapter 4: Designing participatory research ; Chapter 5: Ethical issues in qualitative research ; Part II: The data collection cycle ; Chapter 6: Sampling and participant recruitment ; Chapter 7: In-depth interviews ; Chapter 8: Focus group discussions ; Chapter 9: Observation ; Part III: The analytic cycle ; Chapter 10: Data preparation and developing codes ; Chapter 11: Textual data analysis ; Chapter 12: From analysis to participatory action ; Chapter 13: Academic writing of qualitative research ; Post Script: Assessing quality in the qualitative research cycle

Note: Contents Contents Preface Acknowledgements Part 1: Making Sediment Introduction Clastic sediment as a chemical and physical breakdown product 1.1 Introduction: clastic sediments—'accidents' of weathering 1.2 Silicate minerals and chemical weathering 1.3 Solute flux: rates and mechanisms of silicate chemical weathering 1.4 Physical weathering 1.5 Soils as valves and filters for the natural landscape 1.6 Links between soil age, chemical weathering and weathered-rock removal 1.7 Provenance: siliciclastic sediment-sourcing Further reading 2 Carbonate, siliceous, iron-rich and evaporite sediments 2.1 Marine vs. freshwater chemical composition and fluxes 2.2 The calcium carbonate system in the oceans 2.3 Ooid carbonate grains 2.4 Carbonate grains from marine plants and animals 2.5 Carbonate muds, oozes and chalks 2.6 Other carbonate grains of biological origins 2.7 Organic productivity, sea-level and atmospheric controls of biogenic CaCO3 deposition rates 2.8 CaCO3 dissolution in the deep ocean and the oceanic CaCO3 compensation mechanism 2.9 The carbonate system on land 2.10 Evaporite salts and their inorganic precipitation as sediment 2.11 Silica and pelagic plankton 2.12 Iron minerals and biomineralizers 2.13 Desert varnish 2.14 Phosphates 2.15 Primary microbial-induced sediments: algal mats and stromatolites Further reading 3 Sediment grain properties 3.1 General 3.2 Grain size 3.3 Grain-size distributions 3.4 Grain shape and form 3.5 Bulk properties of grain aggregates Further reading Part 2: Moving Fluid Introduction 4 Fluid basics 4.1 Material properties of fluids 4.2 Fluid kinematics 4.3 Fluid continuity with constant density 4.4 Fluid dynamics 4.5 Energy, mechanical work and power Further reading 5 Types of fluid motion 5.1 Osborne Reynolds and flow types 5.2 The distribution of velocity in viscous flows: the boundary layer 5.3 Turbulent flows 5.4 The structure of turbulent shear flows 5.5 Shear flow instabilities, flow separation and secondary currents 5.6 Subcritical and supercritical flows: the Froude number and hydraulic jumps 5.7 Stratified flow generally 5.8 Water waves 5.9 Tidal flow—long-period waves Further reading Part 3: Transporting Sediment Introduction 6 Sediment in fluid and fluid flow—general 6.1 Fall of grains through stationary fluids 6.2 Natural flows carrying particulate material are complex 6.3 Fluids as transporting machines 6.4 Initiation of grain motion 6.5 Paths of grain motion 6.6 Categories of transported sediment 6.7 Some contrasts between wind and water flows 6.8 Cohesive sediment transport and erosion 6.9 A warning: nonequilibrium effects dominate natural sediment transport systems 6.10 Steady state, deposition or erosion: the sediment continuity equation and competence vs. capacity Further reading 7 Bedforms and sedimentary structures in flows and under waves 7.1 Trinity of interaction: turbulent flow, sediment transport and bedform development 7.2 Water-flow bedforms 7.3 Bedform phase diagrams for water flows 7.4 Water flow erosional bedforms on cohesive beds 7.5 Water wave bedforms 7.6 Combined flows: wave-current ripples and hummocky cross-stratification 7.7 Bedforms and structures formed by atmospheric flows Further reading 8 Sediment gravity flows and their deposits 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Granular flows 8.3 Debris flows 8.4 Turbidity flows 8.5 Turbidite evidence for downslope transformation from turbidity to debris flows Further reading 9 Liquefaction, fluidization and sliding sediment deformation 9.1 Liquefaction 9.2 Sedimentary structures formed by and during liquefaction 9.3 Submarine landslides, growth faults and slumps 9.4 Desiccation and synaeresis shrinkage structures Further reading Part 4: Major External Controls on Sedimentation and Sedimentary Environments Introduction 10 Major external controls on sedimentation 10.1 Climate 10.2 Global climates: a summary 10.3 Sea-level changes 10.4 Tectonics 10.5 Sediment yield, denudation rate and the sedimentary record Further reading Part 5: Continental Sedimentary Environments Introduction 11 Rivers 11.1 Introduction 11.2 River networks, hydrographs,patterns and long profiles 11.3 Channel form 11.4 Channel sediment transport processes, bedforms and internal structures 11.5 The floodplain 11.6 Channel belts, alluvial ridges and avulsion 11.7 River channel changes, adjustable variables and equilibrium 11.8 Alluvial architecture: product of complex responses 11.9 Alluvial architecture: scale, controls and time Further reading 12 Subaerial Fans: Alluvial and Colluvial 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Controls on the size (area) and gradient of fans 12.3 Physical processes on alluvial fans 12.4 Debris-flow-dominated alluvial fans 12.5 Stream-flow-dominated alluvial fans 12.6 Recognition of ancient alluvial fans and talus cones Further reading 13 Aeolian Sediments in Low-Latitude Deserts 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Aeolian system state 13.3 Physical processes and erg formation 13.4 Erg margins and interbedform areas 13.5 Erg and draa evolution and sedimentary architecture 13.6 Erg construction, stasis and destruction: climate and sea-level controls 13.7 Ancient desert facies Further reading 14 Lakes 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Lake stratification 14.3 Clastic input by rivers and the effect of turbidity currents 14.4 Wind-forced physical processes 14.5 Temperate lake chemical processes and cycles 14.6 Saline lake chemical processes and cycles 14.7 Biological processes and cycles 14.8 Modern temperate lakes and their sedimentary facies 14.9 Lakes in the East African rifts 14.10 Lake Baikal 14.11 The succession of facies as lakes evolve 14.12 Ancient lake facies Further reading 15 Ice 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Physical processes of ice flow 15.3 Glacier flow, basal lubrication and surges 15.4 Sediment transport, erosion and deposition by flowing ice 15.5 Glacigenic sediment: nomenclature and classification 15.6 Quaternary and modern glacial environments and facies 15.7 Ice-produced glacigenic erosion and depositional facies on land and in the periglacial realm 15.8 Glaciofluvial processes on land at and within the ice-front 15.9 Glacimarine environments 15.10 Glacilacustrine environments 15.11 Glacial facies in the pre-Quaternary geological record: case of Cenozoic Antarctica Further reading Part 6: Marine Sedimentary Environments Introduction 16. Estuaries 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Estuarine dynamics 16.3 Modern estuarine morphology and sedimentary environments 16.4 Estuaries and sequence stratigraphy Further reading 17. River and Fan Deltas 17.1 Introduction to river deltas 17.2 Basic physical processes and sedimentation at the river delta front 17.3 Mass movements and slope failure on the subaqueous delta 17.4 Organic deposition in river deltas 17.5 River delta case histories 17.6 River deltas and sea-level change 17.7 Ancient river delta deposits 17.8 Fan deltas Further reading 18. Linear Siliciclastic Shorelines 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Beach processes and sedimentation 18.3 Barrier-inlet-spit systems and their deposits 18.4 Tidal flats, salt marsh and chenier ridges 18.5 Ancient clastic shoreline facies Further reading 19 Siliciclastic Shelves 19.1 Introduction: shelf sinks and lowstand bypass 19.2 Shelf water dynamics 19.3 Holocene highstand shelf sediments: general 19.4 Tide-dominated, low river input, highstand shelves 19.5 Tide-dominated, high river input, highstand shelves 19.6 Weather-dominated highstand shelves Further reading 20 Calcium-carbonate-evaporite Shorelines, Shelves and Basins 20.1 Introduction: calcium carbonate 'nurseries' and their consequences 20.2 Arid carbonate tidal flats, lagoons and evaporite sabkhas 20.3 Humid carbonate tidal flats and marshes 20.4 Lagoons and bays 20.5 Tidal delta and margin-spillover carbonate tidal sands 20.6 Open-shelf carbonate ramps 20.7 Platform margin reefs and carbonate build-ups 20.8 Platform margin slopes and basins 20.9 Carbonate sediments, cycles and sea-level change 20.10 Displacement and destruction of carbonate environments: silicicl

Note: ""Cover""; ""Contents""; ""Acknowledgments""; ""Chapter 1 Introduction""; ""1.1 Types of Disease""; ""1.2 Characterization of Diseases""; ""1.3 Control of Infectious Diseases""; ""1.4 What Are Mathematical Models?""; ""1.5 What Models Can Do""; ""1.6 What Models Cannot Do""; ""1.7 What Is a Good Model?""; ""1.8 Layout of This Book""; ""1.9 What Else Should You Know?""; ""Chapter 2 Introduction to Simple Epidemic Models""; ""2.1 Formulating the Deterministic SIR Model""; ""2.1.1 The SIR Model Without Demography""; ""2.1.1.1 The Threshold Phenomenon""; ""2.1.1.2 Epidemic Burnout"". , ""2.1.1.3 Worked Example: Influenza in a Boarding School""""2.1.2 The SIR Model With Demography""; ""2.1.2.1 The Equilibrium State""; ""2.1.2.2 Stability Properties""; ""2.1.2.3 Oscillatory Dynamics""; ""2.1.2.4 Mean Age at Infection""; ""2.2 Infection-Induced Mortality and SI Models""; ""2.2.1 Mortality Throughout Infection""; ""2.2.1.1 Density-Dependent Transmission""; ""2.2.1.2 Frequency Dependent Transmission""; ""2.2.2 Mortality Late in Infection""; ""2.2.3 Fatal Infections""; ""2.3 Without Immunity: The SIS Model""; ""2.4 Waning Immunity: The SIRS Model"". , ""2.5 Adding a Latent Period: The SEIR Model""""2.6 Infections with a Carrier State""; ""2.7 Discrete-Time Models""; ""2.8 Parameterization""; ""2.8.1 Estimating R[sub(0)] from Reported Cases""; ""2.8.2 Estimating R[sub(0)] from Seroprevalence Data""; ""2.8.3 Estimating Parameters in General""; ""2.9 Summary""; ""Chapter 3 Host Heterogeneities""; ""3.1 Risk-Structure: Sexually Transmitted Infections""; ""3.1.1 Modeling Risk Structure""; ""3.1.1.1 High-Risk and Low-Risk Groups""; ""3.1.1.2 Initial Dynamics""; ""3.1.1.3 Equilibrium Prevalence""; ""3.1.1.4 Targeted Control"". , ""3.1.1.5 Generalizing the Model""""3.1.1.6 Parameterization""; ""3.1.2 Two Applications of Risk Structure""; ""3.1.2.1 Early Dynamics of HIV""; ""3.1.2.2 Chlamydia Infections in Koalas""; ""3.1.3 Other Types of Risk Structure""; ""3.2 Age-Structure: Childhood Infections""; ""3.2.1 Basic Methodology""; ""3.2.1.1 Initial Dynamics""; ""3.2.1.2 Equilibrium Prevalence""; ""3.2.1.3 Control by Vaccination""; ""3.2.1.3 Parameterization""; ""3.2.2 Applications of Age Structure""; ""3.2.2.1 Dynamics of Measles""; ""3.2.2.2 Spread and Control of BSE""; ""3.3 Dependence on Time Since Infection"". , ""3.3.1 SEIR and Multi-Compartment Models""""3.3.2 Models with Memory""; ""3.3.3 Application: SARS""; ""3.4 Future Directions""; ""3.5 Summary""; ""Chapter 4 Multi-Pathogen/Multi-Host Models""; ""4.1 Multiple Pathogens""; ""4.1.1 Complete Cross-Immunity""; ""4.1.1.1 Evolutionary Implications""; ""4.1.2 No Cross-Immunity""; ""4.1.2.1 Application: The Interaction of Measles and Whooping Cough""; ""4.1.2.2 Application: Multiple Malaria Strains""; ""4.1.3 Enhanced Susceptibility""; ""4.1.4 Partial Cross-Immunity""; ""4.1.4.1 Evolutionary Implications"". , ""4.1.4.2 Oscillations Driven by Cross-Immunity"".

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS: Predislovie. - Problems of absolute chronology and correlation of the Pleistocene glaciations in Gorny Altai / A. R. Agatova, R. K. Nepop. - Ecological and geomorphological consequences of mineral deposits development in conditions of the arid zone of Kazakhstan / K. M. Akpambetova. - Forming conditions of bottom sediments of Prokopievskoe Lake (Northern Karelia) according to the diatoms data / A. N. Alekseeva, O. P. Korsakova. - Lithostratigraphy of the quaternary deep sea sediments / T. N. Alekseeva, V. N. Sval'nov. - Climatic records from sediments of Elgygytgyn Lake (Polar Chukotka) / P. M. Anderson, A. V. Lozhkin. - First records of environmental change from lake sediments of the Kuril Archipelago / P. M. Anderson, A. V. Lozhkin, P. S. Minuyk, A. Yu. Pakhomov, T. B. Solomatkina, M. V. Cherepanova. - Late Pliocene / early Pliocene environments of the North-Eastern Siberian Arctic inferred from Lake El'gygytgyn pollen record / A. A. Andreev, M. Melles, V. Wennrich, J. Brigham-Grette. - The middle Neopleistocene of the Timan-Pechora-Vychegda Region / L. N. Andreicheva. - Kargian megainterstadial of the Prebaikalia: geochronology and paleogeography / Kh. A. Arslanov, N. E. Berdnikova, S. B. Chernov, G. A. Vorobioba, I. V. Enuschenko, D. V. Kobylkin, R. E. Maksimov, Yu. V. Ryzhov, A. A. Starikova. - The human and environment of Southeast Baltic on the boundary of the Pleistocene and the Holocene / Kh. A. Arslanov, O. A. Druzhinina, M. A. Kulkova, T. V. Sapelko, D. A. Subetto, I. N. Skhodnov. - Age of soil-pyroclastic sequences and chronology of volcanic activity on Matua Island (Central Kurils) during the Holocene / Kh. A. Arslanov, I. V. Melekestsev, N. G. Razjigaeva, A. V. Degterev, A. V. Rybin. - Summary of the Upper Pleistocene correlations in the Russian North / V. I. Astakhov. - Holocene climatic events in Amur River Basin and their correlation / V. B. Bazarova, L. M. Mokhova, T. A. Grebennikova. - About a western boundary of Dnieper glaciation on the southern east-european platform / M. Bargl. - On the causes of two most significant events of the Holocene / A. A. Barenbaum. - On the issue of the construction of the quaternary stratigraphy scale and frequency of the meteoric impacts / A. A. Barenbaum. - Stratigraphy of the sediments from the Mendeleev Rise, (Central Arctic Ocean), based on benthic foraminifera and ostracoda / V. A. Basov, N. V. Kupriyanova, E. S. Novikhina. - Paleosecular geomagnetic variations and late Weichselian Holocene magnetochronology in N-W Russia / V. G. Bakhmutov. - Biostratigraphy of sediments middle and late Holocene in the basin downstream Ussuri / P. S. Belyanin. - The palynology characteristic of loess loam sediments of Ussuri-Khankarazdolnaya depression in the middle and late Neopleistocene / P. S. Belyanin, N. I. Belyanina. - Glacio-marine deposits on the Northern Prinze Charls Mountains (East Antarctica) / A. S. Birjukov, M. S. Egorov. - Features of environmental and climatic changes in the Northern Caspian Sea Region and Caspian Sea Level fluctuations controlled by climate during the Holocene / N. S. Bolikhovskaya. - "Milankovitch Theory" - What does it mean? / V. A. Bolshakov. - MIS 11 problem and supposed 400-kyr Pleistocene climate cycle / V. A. Bolshakov, I. A. Karevskaya. - Sedimentation in the Kamennoe Lake (Kanin Peninsula) and climate changes during the Holocene according to the lake sediments / D. Yu. Bolshiyanov, P. S. Vakhrameeva, G. B. Fedorov, N. A. Bakunov, T. V. Sapelko, A. V. Ludikova, A. S. Makarov, M. V. Pavlov. - Relief and quaternary deposits of the South-Eastern Part of Taimyr Peninsula / D. Yu. Bolshiyanov, G. B. Fedorov, A. V. Krylov, Kh. A. Arslanov, J. Tide. - Last glaciation of the Russian Arctic / B. A. Borisov, E. A. Minina. - Short-term landscape and climatic oscillations in the late glacial: the main steps, results and future prospects of research / O. K. Borisova. - Late Quaternary Plankton biostratigraphy in the Knipovich Ridge Area (North Atlantic) / M. E. Bylinskaya, L. A. Golovina, E. P. Radionova. - Palaeolimnological investigations in the Laptev Sea Region / P. S. Vakhrameeva, D. A. Subetto, B. Diekmann, B. Biskaborn, L. Heinecke, G. Muller. - Strucute and genesis of Gorodok elevation in North-East Belarus / A. Vashkov. - Present problems in the Quaternary (Postapsheronskii) stratigraphy and geochronology of the Caspian Sea Sediments / S. S. Veliev, E. N. Tagieva. - Problem of paleogeography of East Europe in late Pliocene and early Pleistocene / A. A. Velichko, V. V. Pisareva, M. A. Faustova. - Regularities of modern relief organization of Kolyma lowland tundra landscapes (Northeast Siberia) - Remote sensing and GIS Studies / A. A. Veremeeva. - The joint German-Russian Polygon Project - Environmental studies in East Siberian Tundra wetlands / S. Wetterich, A. Bobrov, U. Herzschuh, H. Joosten, L. Pestryakova, E.-M. Pfeijfer, L. Kutzbach, L. Schirrmeister, D. Subetto, V. Tumskoy. - Interglacial environments of Oyogos Yar (Dmitry Laptev Strait) / S. Wetterich, R. Kienast, S. Kuzmina, A. A. Andreev, L. Nazarova, L. Schirrmeister, V. V. Kunitsky. - Geological significance of section "Ogurtsovo" in district of Novosibirsk / I. A. Volkov, S. P. Kazmin. - Present problems of the Quaternary period stratigraphy of the West and Middle Siberia / V. S. Volkova. - New data on the evolution and age of sediments, enclosing the cultural horizon of middle Paleolithic Site Khotylevo-1 (River Desna Basin) / E. V. Voskresenskaya, L. B. Vishniytskiy, I. S. Zuganova, E. U. Novenko, A. K. Ocherednoy. - The Lake Sedimentogenez and features of the Paleogeography Prihankayskoy depression in Late Cenozoic / T. N. Voskresenskaya. - Relief and loose desposits of the Russian Plain main watershed protected areas in the South-East Onega / A. I. Voskresenskiy, I. S. Voskresenskiy, A. N. Kichigin. - Distribution of cryogenic micro relief in low mountainous massifs of the Kola Peninsula / E. V. Garankina. - Change of landscapes in early Pleistocene histories of East European Plane / N. I. Glushankova. - Some structural and mapping features of water-glacial deposits of the Don horizon / B. V. Glushkov, G. V. Kholmovoy. - Using dem for tasks of Quaternary geology and geomorphology of Siberia / N. V. Glushkova, V. A. Lyamina, I. D. Zolnikov, N. N. Dobretsov, V. P. Afanas'ev, D. A. Samdanov, I. I. Boldirev, S. A. Semenova. - Reference horizons of volcanic ash in Quaternary deposits of the Northern Coast of Okhotsk Sea / O. Yu. Glushkova, V. N. Smirnov. - Problems of the Eopleistocene volumes in the South-Eastern West Siberian Plate in the context of the Quaternary bottom lowering / A. G. Golovina, V. S. Volkova. - An influence of coastal processes on sedimentogenesis in the Tsymlyanskoye reservoir / N. V. Golubova. - Environments during the time of initial human settlement of the Kola Peninsula / I. M. Grekov, E. A. Kosheleva. - Mesostratigraphy of middle- and late valdai loess-like loams as the marker of low-range ecosystematic rearrangements / L. A. Gugalinskaya, V. M. Alifanov. - Relief and quaternary sediments from outer part of East Siberian Sea: new data / E. A. Gusev, A. G. Zinchenko, N. Yu. Anikina, L. G. Derevyanko, V. V. Popov. - The Middle Holocene parastratotype old Kieshki Site and its palaeobotanic characteristic (Southern Foreurals) / G. A. Danukalova, E. G. Lapteva, O. M. Korona. - Results of the Mollusc study of the late Pliocene early Quaternary Novosultanbekovo Site (Southern Foreurals) / G. A. Danukalova, E. M. Osipova. - Natural and anthropogenic factors of formation of chemical composition of sediments of lakes of North Fennoscandia / V. A. Dauvalter, N. A. Kashulin, S. S. Sandimirov. - Difficulties of long-term air temperature time series finding for climatological problems / V. I. Demin. - Diatom complexes changes in academicheskoe lake sediments (Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula) / D. B. Denisov. - Natural features of sedimentogenesis in the lake of the Eastern slope o , In kyrill. Schr. , In engl. und rus. Sprache

Note: Contents: Space-time : the next frontier -- Statistical preliminaries -- Fundamentals of temporal processes -- Fundamentals of spatial random processes -- Exploratory methods for spatio-temporal data -- Spatio-temporal statistical models -- Hierarchical dynamical spatio-temporal models -- Hierarchical dstms : implementation and inference -- Hierarchical dstms : examples..

Note: Machine generated contents note: Preface 1. Introduction 2. Whole Earth morphology 3. Large scale morphology: the roles of geophysics 4. Tectonic geomorphology 5. Atmospheric processes and climate 6. Establishing timing in the landscape: dating methods 7. Weathering 8. Glaciers and glacial geology 9. Periglacial forms and processes 10. Hillslopes 11. Water in the landscape 12. Rivers 13. Bedrock channel incision 14. Sediment transport mechanics 15. Eolian processes and forms 16. Coastal geomorphology 17. Geomorphology of big floods 18. Whole landscapes Appendix A. Physics Appendix B. Math References Index

Note: Introduction -- An etymology of ecocide -- Agent Orange before Vietnam -- Gadgets and guerrillas -- Herbicidal warfare -- Science, ethics, and dissent -- Surveying a catastrope -- Against protocol -- Conclusion: ecocide and international security..

Note: Contents List of contributors Preface I Introductory Chapters 1 The Ecological Value of Biyophytes as Indicators of Climate Change / NANCY G. SLACK 2 Bryophyte Physiological Processes in a Changing Climate: an Overview / ZOLTÁN TUBA II Ecophysiology 3 Climatic Responses and Limits of Biyophytes: Comparisons and Contrasts with Vascular Plants / MICHAEL C. F. PROCTOR 4 Effects of Elevated Air C02 Concentration on Bryophytes: a Review / ZOLTÁN TUBA, EDIT ÖTVÖS, AND ILDIKÓ JÓCSÁK 5 Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Light and UV Acclimation in Mosses / NIINA M. LAPPALAINEN, ANNA HYYRYLÄINEN, AND SATU HUTTUNEN III Aquatic Bryophytes 6 Ecological and Physiological Effects of Changing Climate on Aquatic Bryophytes / JANICE M. GLIME 7 Aquatic Bryophytes under Ultraviolet Radiation / JAVIER MARTÍNEZ-ABAIGAR AND ENCARNACIÓN NÚÑEZ-OLIVERA IV Desert and Tropical Ecosystems 8 Responses of a Biological Crust Moss to Increased Monsoon Precipitation and Nitrogen Deposition in the Mojave Desert / LLOYD R. STARK, D. NICHOLAS MCLETCHIE, STANLEY D. SMITH, AND MELVIN J. OLIVER 9 Ecology of Bryophytes in Mojave Desert Biological Soil Crusts: Effects of Elevated CO2 on Sex Expression, Stress Tolerance, and Productivity in the Moss Syntrichia caninervis Mitt. / JOHN C. BRINDA, CATHERINE FERNANDO, AND LLOYD R. STARK 10 Responses of Epiphytic Bryophyte Communities to Simulated Climate Change in the Tropics / JORGE JÁCOME, S. ROBBERT GRADSTEIN, AND MICHAEL KESSLER V Alpine, Arctic, and Antarctic Ecosystems 11 Effects of Climate Change on Tundra Bryophytes / ANNIKA K. JÄGERBRAND, ROBERT G. BJÖRK, TERRY CALLAGHAN, AND RODNEY D. SEPPELT 12 Alpine Bryophytes as Indicators for Climate Change: a Case Study from the Austrian Alps / DANIELA HOHENWALLNER, HAROLD GUSTAV ZECHMEISTER, DIETMAR MOSER, HARALD PAULI, MICHAEL GOTTFRIED, KARL REITER, AND GEORG GRABHERR 13 Bryophytes and Lichens in a Changing Climate: An Antarctic Perspective / RODNEY D. SEPPELT VI Sphagnum and Peatlands 14 Living on the Edge: The Effects of Drought on Canada's Western Boreal Peatlands / MELANIE A. VILE, KIMBERLI D. SCOTT, ERIN BRAULT, R. KELMAN WlEDER, AND DALE H . VlTT 15 The Structure and Functional Features of Sphagnum Cover of the Northern West Siberian Mires in Connection with Forecasting Global Environmental and Climatic Changes / ALEKSEI V. NAUMOV AND NATALIA P. KOSYKH 16 The Southernmost Sphagnum-dominated Mires on the Plains of Europe: Formation, Secondary Succession, Degradation, and Protection / JÁNOS NAGY VII Changes in Bryophyte Distribution with Climate Change: Data and Models 17 The Role of Bryophyte Paleoecology in Quaternary Climate Reconstructions / GUSZTÁV JAKAB AND PÁL SÜMEGI 18 Signs of Climate Change in the Bryoflora of Hungary / TAMÁS PÓCS 19 Can the Effects of Climate Change on British Bryophytes be Distinguished from those Resulting from Other Environmental Changes? / JEFFREY W. BATES AND CHRISTOPHER D. PRESTON 20 Climate Change and Protected Areas: How well do British Rare Bryophytes Fare? / BARBARA J. ANDERSON AND RALF OHLEMÜLLER 21 Modeling the Distribution of Sematophyllum substrumulosum (Hampe) E. Britton as a Signal of Climatic Changes in Europe / CECÍLIA SÉRGIO, RUI FIGUEIRA, AND RUI MENEZES 22 Modeling Bryophyte Productivity Across Gradients of Water Availability Using Canopy Form-Function Relationships / STEVEN K. RICE, NATHALI NEAL, JESSE MANGO, AND KELLY BLACK VIII Conclusions 23 Bryophytes as Predictors of Climate Change / L. DENNIS GIGNAC 24 Conclusions and Future Research / NANCY G. SLACK AND LLOYD R. STARK Index

Note: CONTENTS; List of Figures; List of Tables; List of Contributors; Introduction; PART I: ECONOMISTS ON TRIAL; 1. Who predicted the crisis and what can we learn from them? ; 2 A brief note on economic recessions, banking reform and the future of capitalism; 3 Understanding crisis: on the meaning of uncertainty and probability; 4 Financial crisis and risk measurement: the historical perspective and a new methodology; 5 Did economic analysis fail in the current financial crisis?; PART II: WHAT DOES HISTORY TELL US? ; 6 Does the current global crisis remind us of the Great Depression?. , 7 Innovation, growth, cycles and finance: three (or four or more) stories from the 1930s and their lessons8 Epic Recession and economic theory; 9 Did asset prices cause the current crisis?; 10 The role of the history of economic thought in the development of economic theory and policy; PART III: COUNTRY CASES IN A GLOBAL CRISIS; 11. Testimony to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission by Alan Greenspan; 12 Long-term depression and new markets: economists and the 2008 recession; 13 Manifestations of the global crisis in a small open economy. , 14 The aftermath of a long decade of real nil interest rates (Spain 1996-2008)Index.

Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig , Beiträge teilweise in Englisch