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  • Books  (5,795)
  • Articles  (42)
  • English  (5,564)
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  • 1
    Call number: MOP Per 283(411)
    In: Trudy
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 124 S.
    Series Statement: Trudy / Glavnaja Geofiziceskaja Observatorija Imeni A. I. Voejkova 411
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 2
    Call number: AWI S5-12-0051
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 373 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrillischer Schrift
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  • 3
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Moskva : Mosk. Otd. Gidrometeoizdata
    Associated volumes
    Call number: MOP Per 759(61)
    In: Trudy VNIIGMI MCD
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 80 S.
    Series Statement: Trudy VNIIGMI MCD 61
    Language: Russian
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  • 4
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 13.0083
    In: Developments in sedimentology
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 471 S., Ill., graph. Darst., kt-.
    Series Statement: Developments in sedimentology 9A
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Call number: AWI A4-89-0036-3 ; MOP 45231/C / Mitte
    In: Spravočnik po klimatu Antarktidy / pod red. I. M. Dolgina, Tom 3
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 270 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Spravočnik po klimatu Antarktidy / pod red. I. M. Dolgina 3
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrillischer Schrift
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  • 6
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Moskva : Izd. Moskovskogo Univ.
    Call number: AWI A12-89-0014
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 214 S. : lll., graph. Darst.
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 7
    Call number: AWI G7-92-0553
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 263 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 8
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leningrad : Gidrometeoizdat
    Call number: MOP 44964 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 181 S. : Kt.
    Language: Russian
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  • 9
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Kiev : Izd. Kievskogo Univ.
    Call number: AWI A9-90-0155 ; MOP 33126
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 201 S.
    Series Statement: Kievskaja Knižnaja Tipografija 5
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 10
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Moskva : Moskovskij filial Geografičeskogo Obščestva SSSR
    Call number: MOP 45299 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 107 S.
    Series Statement: Trudy 99
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 11
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leningrad : Gidrometeoizdat
    Call number: MOP 44645 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 335 S.
    Uniform Title: Monsoon meteorology
    Language: Russian
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  • 12
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leningrad : Gidrometeoizdat
    Call number: AWI G7-85-1035
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 65 S.
    Language: Russian
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  • 13
    Call number: AWI A4-89-0036-2 ; AWI A4-78-0791-2 ; MOP 45231/B / Mitte
    In: Spravočnik po klimatu Antarktidy / pod red. I. M. Dolgina, Tom 2
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Foreword. - PART 1. - Organization of meteorological observations in Antarctica and techniques of climatological data reduction. - Publications of meteorological observations by Antarctic stations. - Explanations to tables. - TABLES. - Section 1. Air temperature. - Section 2. Air pressure. - Section 3. Wind. - Section 4. Air humidity. - Section 5. Cloudiness. - Section 6. Precipitation. - Section 7. Atmospheric phenomena. - Section 8. Visibility. - Section 9. Complex characteristics. - Alphabetic index of stations. - Meteorological stations location map. - List of meteorological stations. - PART 2. - Explanations to tables. - TABLES. - Section 1. Air temperature. - Section 2. Air pressure. - Section 3. Wind. - Section 4. Air humidity. - Section 5. Cloudiness. - Section 6. Precipitation. - Section 7. Atmospheric phenomena. - Meteorological stations location map. - Appendix. - List of literature.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 492 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Spravočnik po klimatu Antarktidy / pod red. I. M. Dolgina 2
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrillischer Schrift , Inhaltsverzeichnis in englischer Sprache (Seite 6- 8])
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  • 14
    Call number: MOP 45332 / Mitte
    In: NUREG CR
    In: BNL
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: V, 23 S.
    Series Statement: NUREG CR 1954
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Tartu : Akademija Nauk Ėstonskoj SSR, Institut Astrofiziki i Fiziki Atmosfery
    Call number: MOP 44366 / Mitte ; AWI A19-19-23195
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 176 Seiten , Illustrationen , 1 Beilage
    Language: Russian
    Note: Contents: Foreword by the Pilot-Astronaut of the U.S.S.R A. G. Nikolayev. - Information of the TASS. - Programme of the Optical investigation of the Emission of the Atmosphere, Auroae and Noctilucent clouds aboard the Orbital Station "Salyut-4" / A. I. Lazarev, V. N. Sergeyevich. - Observations of Aurorae from Space / D. S. Yevlashin, P. I. Klimuk, I. I. Koksharov, A. I. Lazarev, V. I. Sevastyanov, V. N. Sergyevich. - Visual observations and photography of noctilucent clouds aboard orbital station "Saljut-4" / Ch. I. Willmann, P. I. Klimuk, P. I. Koksharov, V. I. Sevastyanov, V. N. Sergeyevich. - The physical interpretation of the spectra of noctilucent clouds / O. A. Avaste, A. M. Alekseyev, U. K. Veismann, Ch. I. Willmann, P. I. Klimuk, I. I. Koksharov, A. I. Lazarev, V. I. Sevastyanov, V. N. Sergeyevich, E. O. Fedorova, K. A. Eerme. - The determination of the daytime and twilight profiles of the O2(1Δg) at 1.27 µm from measurements aboard the orbital station "Salyut-4" / O. A. Avaste, U. K. Veismann, Ch. I. Willmann, G. M. Grechko, A. A. Gubarev, P. I. Klimuk, G. I. Lobanova, O. I. Popov, V. I. Sevastyanov, E. O. Fedorova, K. A. Eerme. - Horizontal optical inhomogeneity of the Upper Atmosphere in middle and equatorial latitudes according to the observations aboard the orbital station "Salyut-4" / S. V. Avakyan, P. I. Klimuk, I. I. Koksharov, A. I. Lazarev, V. I. Sevastyanov. - Observations of the earth's night and twilight horizons from the orbital station "Salyut-4" / P. I. Klimuk, I. I. Koksharov, A. I. Lazarev, G. I. Lobanova, E. M. Saar, V. I. Sevastyanov, V. N. Sergeyevich. - Meteor observation and cosmic dust investigation / Ch. I. Willmann, P. I. Klimuk, V. N. Lebedinets, V. I. Sevastyanov. - Ultraviolet radiation measurements of the moon and of the earth's upper atmosphere from the orbital station "Salyut-4" / V. B. Vasilyev, G. M. Grechko, A. A. Gubarev, B. M. Stolberg, V. M. Tiit, N.-R. A. Elmet, R. V. Shatskina. - Observations of the first expedition aboard the orbital station "Salyut-4" / A. I. Lazarev, G. M. Grechko, A. A. Buznikov. - Appendix. , In kyrillischer Schrift
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  • 16
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-339
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Analytical procedures. - Thick section analysis. - Measurements of inclusion pressure. - Gas volume measurements. - Density and porosity measurements. - Results and discussion. - Sizes, shapes and distributions of bubbles. - Sizes, shapes and distributions of cavities. - Inclusion abundances. - Gas pressures in bubbles and cavities. - Total gas content. - Case for lattice diffusion. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Cores obtained to the bottom of the Antarctic Ice Sheet at Byrd Station were used to analyze the physical properties of air bubbles trapped in the ice. These bubbles originate as pockets of air in the upper layers of snow and approximately 10 ml of air/100 cm^3 of ice; i.e., 10% by volume is retained permanently when the snow transforms into ice. Parameters measured were the sizes, shapes, abundances, spatial distributions, gas volumes and pressures of bubbles, and their variations with depth in the ice sheet. Bubbles occur abundantly in the top 800 m of ice but then gradually disappear until they can no longer be detected optically below 1100 m. This disappearance is not accompanied by any significant loss of air from the ice and all available evidence indicates that the air actually diffuses into the ice in response to increasing overburden pressure. The possibility exists that the dissolved gases are retained in the form of a gas hydrate or clathrate which, because of release of confining pressures, begins to decompose soon after ice cores are pulled to the surface. This decomposition is accompanied by the growth of gas-filled bubble-like cavities, and as much as 40% of the dissolved air has exsolved already from some cores in the space of less than three years. Bubble pressure measurements show that 1) bubbles with pressures exceeding about 16 bars begin to relax back to this value soon after in situ pressures are relieved by drilling, 2) further slow decompression occurs with time, and 3) the rate of decompression is controlled to some extent by the intrinsic structural properties of the ice and its thermal and deformational history. Only small variations were observed in the entrapped air content of the ice cores; they probably reflect variations in the temperature and/or pressure of the air at the time of its entrapment, but the data are not sufficient to draw any firm conclusions regarding past variations in ice sheet thickness. Only ice from the bottom 4.83 m was found to lack any detectable trace of air. Since this absence of air coincided precisely with the first appearance of stratified moraine in the cores, it is concluded that this ice originated from the refreezing of air-depleted water produced under pressure melting conditions at the bottom of the ice sheet.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 18 Seiten , Illlustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 339
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Moskva : Izd. "Nauka"
    Call number: MOP 44776 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 228 S.
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 18
    Call number: ZSP-202-331
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - An overview of the model structure and operation. - Operation of subroutines. - TSTART. - FOMO. - REAWEA. - SEARCH. - STEMP. - TUNPIC. - Development history of the simulator. - The simulation of snow fence effects. - Urbanization and meltout. - Conclusion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Mathematical notation. - Appendix B: Computerprogram. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: An annual snow-soil simulator for Arctic tundra was developed using coupled models of surface equilibrium temperature and substrate thermal diffusion. Snow ripening, melt and accumulation are modeled in the simulator which is forced with daily weather data. The simulator predicts that a snow fence array capable of producing drift deeper than 4.2 meters will initiate a permanent snowfield at Barrow, Alaska. Such a man-induced snowfield could serve as a reliable source of fresh water for Barrow and similar villages in the North Slope region of Alaska. Further analysis indicated that albedo reduction due to dust fall, snow removal, etc., is dominant over aerodynamic effects in producing the early spring meltout observed at Barrow Village.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 18 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 331
    Language: English
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  • 19
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, N.H. : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-350
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 350
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 350
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Sample preparation. - Apparatus and testing procedure. - Test results. - Uniaxial strength. - Initial tangent and 50% strength moduli. - Specific energy. - Discussion. - Testing method. - Compressive strength. - Tensile strength. - Ductile and brittle fracture.. - Initial tangent and 50% stress moduli. - Specific energy. - Conclusions and recommendations. - References. - Appendix A: Description of soil and calculations. - Appendix B: Description of the LVDT and averaging circuits. - Appendix C: Determination of strain in the neck section of a dumbbell specimen.
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  • 20
    Call number: ZSP-202-338
    In: Detecting structural heat losses with mobile infrared thermography / R.H. Munis, S.J. Marshall and M.A. Bush, Part II
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command, 338
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Discussion of heat loss survey of six housing units. - Survey of base facilities. - Conclusions. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: During the winter of 1973-74 a mobile infrared thermography system was used to survey housing units and base facilities at Pease Air Force Base, Portsmouth, New Hampshire. This report provides both qualitative and quantitative evidence regarding heat flow out of the eave vents of these housing units. Calculations indicate that a significant amount of heat is being lost in this manner due to inadequate attic (cap) insulation. Possible evidence of incomplete ventilation could explain the presence of condensation in the housing units. Analyses of thermograms are presented to show the possible existence of low and high pressure areas around a structure and how they relate to heat loss.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 29 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 338
    Language: English
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  • 21
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Materiel Command, Terrestrial Sciences Center, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-249
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Analytical procedures. - Results and discussion. - Bubbles in ice. - Conclusions. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Application of the gas law to fourth-place density measurements of ice samples from two deep drill holes at Byrd Station and Little America V, Antarctica, shows that virtually all density increase beyond the pore close-off density (0.830 g/cm^3) can be attributed to compression of the entrapped bubbles of air. Data from Byrd Station also indicate that the lag between overburden pressure and bubble pressure, initially 4-5 kg/cm^2 at pore close-off, diminishes to less than 1.0 kg/cm^2 at about 200-m depth. By substituting the overburden pressure for the bubble pressure in the pressure-density relationship based on the gas law, ice densities below 200 m can be calculated more accurately than they can be measured per se on cores because of the relaxation that occurs in samples recovered from high confining pressures. This relaxation, resulting in a progressive increase in the bulk volume of the ice with time, is generally attributed to decompression of the entrapped air bubbles following removal of the ice from high confining pressures. However, calculations of the stress in ice due to bubble pressure, together with measurements of bubble sizes in cores from various depths at Byrd Station, both tend to indicate that there has'been negligible decompression of the inclosed bubbles. It is suggested that most of this relaxation may be due to the formation of microcracks in the ice. Anomalous bubble pressure-density relations at Little America V tend to confirm abundant stratigraphic evidence of the existence of considerable deformation in the upper part of the Ross Ice Shelf. Studies of crystal-bubble relations at Byrd Station revealed that the concentration of bubbles in ice remains remarkably constant at approximately 220 bubbles per cm^3. Bubbles and crystals were found to be present in approximately equal numbers at pore close-off at 64-m depth, at which level the average bubble diameter was 0.95 mm, decreasing to 0.49 mm at 116 m and to 0.33 mm at 279 m. Despite a tenfold increase in the size of crystals between 64 and 279 m, the bubbles showed no tendency to migrate to grain boundaries during recrystallization of the ice. The observation that most of the bubbles had assumed substantially spherical shapes by 120-m depth points to essentially hydrostatic conditions in the upper layers of the ice sheet at Byrd Station.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 249
    Language: English
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  • 22
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-276
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Test site. - Test procedures. - Equipment. - Unconfined compression tests. - Ring tensile tests. - Test results. - Unconfined compression tests. - Ring tensile tests. - Discussion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A. Calculation of the effect of nonaxial loading of unconfined compression specimens. - Appendix B. Camp Century unconfined compressive strength data at -25C. - Appendix C. Camp Century ring-tensile strength data at -25C. - Appendix D. Unconfined compressive strength of Camp Century vertical snow samples 8.25 in. length, 3.0 in. diam at -25C. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: The unconfined compressive strengths [Sigma]c and the ring-tensile strengths [Sigma]T of snow and ice specimens from the Inclined Drift at Camp Century, Greenland, were determined. The specimen densities varied over essentially the complete natural density range of polar snow and ice (0.340 to 0.890 g/cm^3). The specimens were loaded rapidly to failure with times varying between 0.2 and 1.4 sec. During loading, head speeds varied between 5.1 and 23.6 cm/min, although during individual tests they were constant. Even the low density specimens failed in the brittle mode. Although a plot of [Sigma]T vs [Gamma] is linear, [Sigma]c vs [Gamma] is clearly nonlinear. This nonlinearity may result from either changes in the level of the internal stress concentrations associated with the voids in the snow or from changes in the ratio (bulk porosity/effective porosity of the failure surface) with density. Both tangent and secant moduli are linear functions of [Gamma]. There is no pronounced change in [Sigma]c with changes in strain rate. A significant increase in [Sigma]T, [Sigma]c and the modulus values was noted at bulk densities greater than 0.830 g/cm^3. This increase is presumably caused by the close-off of the air passages.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 35 Seiten , Illustrationen, graphische Darstellungen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 276
    Language: English
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  • 23
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-269
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - List of symbols. - Introduction. - Structure of ice and ice sheets. - Ice as a mineral. - Lake and sea ice. - Chemistry and phase relations. - Dislocations,cracks,and stress concentrators. - Direct observation of dislocations. - Crackformation. - Stress concentration. - Theoretical considerations. - Experimental results. - Compressive strength. - Indentation failure. - Tensile strength. - Flexural strength. - Shear strength. - Impact strength. - Scale effects. - Strength deterioration in the spring. - Recommended research. - Summary. - Selected bibliography. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: The increased activity in cold regions has made a thorough understanding of fracture in lake and sea ice quite desirable, inasmuch as this information has application to a number of problems of geophysical as well as engineering importance. This survey starts with a discussion of the structure of ice I and the macro- and microstructure of sea and lake ice as well as their chemistry and phase relations. Recent work on the direct observation of dislocations as well as the formation of cracks in ice is summarized. Formal ice-brine-air models for analyzing variations in ice strength are also reviewed. The results of the different types of tests are discussed and cornpared (compressive, indentation, direct and ring-tension, small beam flexure and in situ cantilevers and simple beams, shear, and impact). Scale effects are considered as well as the rapid strength deterioration experienced by ice sheets in the spring. Finally, a number of recommendations are made concerning future research in this field.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: viii, 79 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 269
    Language: English
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  • 24
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-267
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Regional variations in density. - Monthly increase in density. - Nomograph to estimate average snow-cover density. - Test and application of the nomograph. - Discussion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Observed, weighted snow-cover densities for stations in Table 1.
    Description / Table of Contents: Analysis of snow-cover observations made during November - March at 27 stations in Alaska, Canada and the northern United States for a 2 to 11 year period showed that the average snow density can be classified in four general categories: Category 1 (density 0.20 to 0.23 g/cm^3 ), inland stations reporting light winds; Category 2 (0.24 to 0.27 g/cm^3), stations reporting moderate winds; Category 3 (0.28 to 0.30 g/cm^3), inland and coastal locations with stronger winds; Category 4 (0.32 to 0.36 g/cm^3), cold and windy stations of the Arctic. Skewness coefficients computed for each station showed bias toward lower densities for cat. 1 and 2, and bias toward higher densities for cat. 3 and 4. A nomograph in which the average winter air temperature and wind speed are the independent variables makes it possible to estimate the average snow-cover density for any location in the Arctic, subarctic and North Temperate Zones. A comparison between observed and estimated densities for ten other test stations yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.91 with a standard error of estimate of 0.016 g/cm^3. An average snow density map of North America was drawn and the continent was divided into areas based on the four categories.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 267
    Language: English
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  • 25
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-271
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Previous work. - Conduct of the research. - Fundamental properties of snow. - Derived properties of snow. - Environmental effects. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: One of the great deficiencies in snow science is the lack of an analytical framework for much of the snow cycle. Snow research to date has largely consisted of measuring index properties of snow, such as bulk density and snow strength, and correlating them. This is useful, particularly for engineering purposes, but it does not grapple with the basic problem of what fundamental properties of snow determine the magnitude of the index properties and how these properties respond to environmental conditions. This study was an attempt to measure, quantitatively, the fundamental properties of grain size, shape, and fabric (relationship between grains) and relate these to the index or derived properties of bulk density, shear and tensile strength, permeability for air, and the dielectric static permittivity and loss tangent. Despite numerous difficulties in defining fabric and quantifying it, it was possible to show that: 1) snow strength is a function of bond area with a relationship in the low density range that is described by: [Sigma]f = [Sigma]i exp - (0.14nf) where [Sigma]f is failure strength, [Sigma]i is the final strength of ice, and nf is the porosity on the failure surface; and 2) the rate of densification of low density snow can be explained in part by high stress concentrations (on the order of 10^7 dynes /cm^2) at intergranular contacts and by such factors as riming on crystals. The effect of the environmental factors of time, temperature, and gravitational stress is difficult to study in situ because they are not independent variables. However, it appears that their study is simplified when we study the fundamental properties of snow as opposed to index properties.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 70 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 271
    Language: English
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  • 26
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Materiel Command, Terrestrial Sciences Center, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-248
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Analytical procedures. - Results and discussion. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Conductivity measurements have been made on snow and ice samples from pits and deep drillholes at a number of localities in Antarctica and Greenland. Conductivities of the order 1-2 [My]mho/cm only were recorded at the inland sites. Data from deep cores representing more than 1900 years of continuous snow accumulation at Byrd Station, Antarctica, and more than 400 years deposition at Inge Lehmann, Greenland, showed no significant variations of conductivity with time. Measurements of freshly precipitated snow from a single coastal location in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, also yielded relatively low conductivities of the order 3-4 [My]mho/cm. The substantial increase observed in the conductivity of core samples from near the surface of the Ross Ice Shelf at Little America V can be attributed most probably to windborne salts of marine origin that had accumulated on the surface after the snow was deposited. A peak conductivity of 49 [My]mho/cm was recorded in snow estimated to have been deposited within 20 km of the seaward edge of the Ross Ice Shelf and the maritime effect could still be detected in samples deposited more than 40 km from the ice front. For samples deposited at distances of greater than 200 km from the edge of the Ross Ice Shelf conductivities never exceeded 2 [My]mho/cm. The very low conductivities observed in ice cores from near the bottom of the Ross Ice Shelf confirm earlier conclusions based on detailed petrographic studies oi the cores that the 258-m-thick ice shelf at Little America V is composed entirely of glacial ice.
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    Pages: iv, 8 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 248
    Language: English
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  • 27
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    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-259
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command, 259
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - Previous work. - Study area. - Field procedures. - Results and discussion. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: A modern ice-push ridge on the northwest shore of Gardner Lake in southeastern Connecticut is 0.6 - 1.2 m high and 1.2 - 3.1 m wide. In February and March 1967, the positions of survey stakes placed on the lake ice were measured periodically. During the same period, air and ice temperature and solar radiation intensity were also recorded. Analysis of the data supports the hypothesis that thermal expansion of the lake ice rather than wind action, was the principal cause of ice push. An ice temperature change of approximately 1°C/hr increase for 6 hr was sufficient to induce ice thrust. In a 30-day period, the average net shoreward movement of the surveyed area of the ice surface was 1.0 m. During the 1966-67 winter, approximately 14 m^3 of beach material was reworked and deposited, forming a discontinuous ice-push ridge along 260 m of shoreline.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 259
    Language: English
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  • 28
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Materiel Command, Terrestrial Sciences Center, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-255
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Previous work on unsteady rectilinear motion of a sphere. - Experiments with a circular path. - Conclusion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Comparisons of the measured and calculated forces.
    Description / Table of Contents: Forces on a sphere moving unsteadily along a circular path in a viscous fluid are measured, and it is found that within the experimental range the formula valid for rectilinear motion has to be modified to account for the curvature of the path.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 10 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 255
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  • 29
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Materiel Command, Terrestrial Sciences Center, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-252
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Theory. - Discussion. - Conclusion. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: A diffusion equation is obtained that describes the mechanical dispersion of a dilute mixture of solid particles within an ice matrix that is undergoing deformation. It is shown that within the limits of time intervals and strain rates appropriate to the movement of glaciers and ice sheets the dispersal distance usually is no larger than a distance about one order of magnitude greater than the size of the particles themselves.
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    Pages: iv, 6 Seiten , Illistrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 252
    Language: English
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  • 30
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Materiel Command, Terrestrial Sciences Center, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-254
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Description of the anemometer. - Temperature effects and their compensation. - Input-output relations. - Vibration isolation and compensation. - Wind tunnel tests. - Conclusions.
    Description / Table of Contents: A triaxial semiconductor strain-gage anemometer measuring wind velocities in three directions and thereby also determining the direction of the wind was designed and subjected to many crucial tests under various conditions. It was found that the measurements were affected by temperature and vibrations. Temperature compensation in two directions was made and wind tunnel tests on an almost vibration-free platform were performed. The results show that this type of instrument can be successfully used to measure large-scale turbulences. Throughout this report, emphasis is placed on the compensation necessary for temperature and vibration effects and the determination of input-output relationships. It is concluded that it is possible to design a practical triaxial strain-gage anemometer with high-frequency response and high sensitivity and to measure wind velocities accurately with this type of instrument when temperature and vibration compensations are properly made.
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    Pages: iv, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 254
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  • 31
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Innsbruck : Univ.-Verl. Wagner ; Nachgewiesen 2.1979 -
    Call number: ZSP-387
    Language: English
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  • 32
    Call number: MOP Per 283(430)
    In: Trudy
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 162 S.
    Series Statement: Trudy / Glavnaja Geofiziceskaja Observatorija Imeni A. I. Voejkova 430
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 33
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Warszawa : Polish Scient. Publ.
    Call number: PIK N 456-11-0194
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Climatology as a science ; 2. Climate-forming factors ; 3. Geographical distribution and variation of major meteorological elements ; 4. A brief survey of major types of climate ; 5. Changes and fluctuations of climates
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 422 S. : graph. Darst., 1 Kt.
    Uniform Title: Klimatologia ogólna
    Language: English
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  • 34
    Call number: MOP 44357 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 227 S.
    Series Statement: Problemy Konstruktivnoj Geografii
    Language: Russian
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  • 35
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leningrad : Gidrometeoizdat
    Call number: MOP 45412 / Mitte ; MOP B 17056
    Description / Table of Contents: The history of climate by A. S. Monin, Yu. A. Shishkov presents the history of the earth's climate from the contemporary positions of the general history of our planet based on the latest achievements in the field of planetology, geology, geophysics, oceanology, meteorology and climatology. The book deals with the factors responsible for climate formation on the earth, presents the major stages of the earth's history, the results of the most recent paleogeographic reconstructions. Further the book presents the history of climate proper from Pre-Cambrian to the recent time in increasing detail. The methods used for paleoclimatic reconstructions are described. Data on Pre-Cambrian glaciations and the major Fanerozoic climatological events are discussed. The book is meant, first of all, for the inquisitive reader, however, it will undoubtedly be of interest for the specialists climatologists, meteorologists, oceanographers and geophysicists.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 407, [1] S. , graph. Darst., Ill.
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 36
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leningrad : Gidrometeologičeskoe Izdat.
    Call number: MOP 32706
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 129 S.
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 37
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Delft ; 1.1969-76.2010
    Call number: S 90.0083
    ISSN: 0165-1706
    Language: English
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  • 38
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Boulder, Colo. : Environmental Research Laboratories
    Call number: MOP 41125 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 499 Seiten
    Language: English
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  • 39
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leningrad
    Call number: MOP 35564/A
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 94 S.
    Uniform Title: The chemical basis of medical climatology
    Language: Russian
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  • 40
    Call number: AWI G7-90-0312 ; MOP 44730 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 63 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrillischer Schrift
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  • 41
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Associated volumes
    Call number: MOP 25606(1961-1963)
    In: Sovetskie ėkspedicii v Antarktiku
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 271 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. + 1 Beil.
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 42
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-342
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Experimental procedure. - Results. - Work-hardening effect. - Strain rate sensitivity of flow stress. - Discussion. - Conclusions. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Single crystals of high purity ice deformed by uniaxial compression on an Instron machine showed remarkable work-hardening after about 8% strain. By changing the strain rate during compression tests in the plastic region of the stress-strain curve, an apparent activation volume V* and a dislocation mobility exponent m were calculated from the strain rate sensitivity of flow stress. The large work-hardening and the rapid increase in the value of m beyond about 10% strain indicate that the plastic flow in this region is controlled by dislocation intersections and nonconservative motion of jogs.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 11 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 342
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  • 43
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory,
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-329
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: General Introduction. - Part I. Spatial and temporal variations in sea ice deformatfon. - Introduction. - Approach. - Site location and data collection procedures. - Data analysis. - Strain results. - Comparison of mesoscale deformation with macroscale deformation. - Nature of the ice pack rotation. - Conciusion. - Literature cited. - Part Il. Comparison of mesoscale strain measurements with linear drift theory predictions. - Introduction. - List of symbols. - Linear drift equations. - Ice drift solutions. - Comparison of theory with mesoscale measurements. - A more general linear constitutive law. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Appendix Relative magnitudes of differential drift forces. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Measurements of mesoscale sea ice deformation over a region approximately 20 km in diameter were made over a five-week period in the spring of 1972 at the main AIDJEX camp in the Beaufort Sea. They have been analyzed to determine nonlinearities in the ice velocity field (due to the discrete small-scale nature of the ice pack), as well as a continuum mode of deformation represented by a least squares strain rate tensor and vorticity. The deformation rate time series between Julian day 88 and 113 exhibited net areal changes as large as 3% and deformation rates up to 0.16% per hour. In the principal axis coordinate system, the strain rate typically exhibited a much larger compression (or extension) along one axis than along the other. Persistent cycles at ~12-hour wavelengths were observed in the divergence rate. A comparison of the average residual error with the average strain rate magnitude indicated that strains measured on a scale of 10 km or greater can serve as a valid measure of the continuum motion of the sea ice. This conclusion is also substantiated by a comparison between the mesoscale deformation, and macroscale deformation measured over a ~100-km-diameter region. Vorticity calculations indicate that at low temporal frequencies ( 〈 0.04 hr^-1 ) the whole mesoscale array rotates essentially as an entity and consequently the low frequency vorticity can accurately be estimated from the rotation of a single floe. (Part I) A comparison of mesoscale strain measurements with the atmospheric pressure field and the wind velocity field indicated that the ice divergence rate and vorticity followed the local pressure and wind divergence with significant correlation. For low atmospheric pressures and converging winds, the divergence rate was negative with the vorticity being counterclockwise. The inverse behavior was observed for high pressures and diverging winds. This behavior agreed with predictions based upon the infinite boundary solution of a linearized drift theory in the absence of gradient current effects and using the constitutive law proposed by Glen for pack ice. The best least squares values of the constitutive law parameters [Eta] and [Zeta] were found to be given by ~10^12 kg sec^-1. Using typical divergence rates, these values yielded compressive stresses of the magnitude of 10^5 N m^-1, which are similar to values suggested by the Parmerter and Coon ridge model. In general, the infinite boundary solution of the linear drift equation indicates that in a low pressure region that is reasonably localized in space, the ice would be expected to converge for high compactness (winter) and diverge for low compactness (summer). Calculations were also carried out using a more general linear viscoelastic constitutive law that includes memory effects and that includes a generalized Hooke's law as well as the Glen law as special cases. A best fit of this more general calculation with strain measurements indicates, overall, a better agreement with viscous behavior than with elastic behavior, with the frequency behavior of the estimated "viscosities" similar to the Glen law behavior at temporal frequencies less than ~0.01 hr^-1 (Part II)
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 37 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 329
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  • 44
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, N.H. : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-349
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 349
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Test locations. - Post Pond. - Mascoma Lake. - Winter freeze-up. - Ice cover properties. - Stratigraphy. - Microstructure. - Porosity. - Impurity content. - Flexural strength. - Test sites. - Beam test procedure. - Beam dimensions. - Beam temperatures. - Beam strengths. - Results. - Post Pond, Site PB, 12 February 1974. - Post Pond, Site PC, 21 February 1974. - Mascoma Lake, Site MD, 25 February 1974. - Mascoma Lake, Site MD, 26 February 1974. - Mascoma Lake, Site MD, 1 March 1974. - Post Pond, Site PA, 4 March 1974. - Post Pond, Site PA, 7 March 1974. - Post Pond, Site PA, 8 March 1974. - Post Pond, Site PB, 12 March 1974. - Post Pond, Midway between Sites PB and PC, 15 March 1974. - Post Pond, Midway between Sites PA and PB, 26 March 1974. - Post Pond, Midway between Sites PA and PB, 29 March 1974. - Post Pond, Midway between Sites PA and PB, 3 April 1974. - Conclusions. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: In-place cantilever beam tests on Post Pond and Mascoma Lake ice yielded a maximum flexural strength of 7.1 kg/cm^2. The minimum strength, unrelated to failure along pre-existing cracks in the ice, was 2.9 kg/cm^2. The majority of tests were performed in the push-down mode after it was discovered that beams tested in the pull-up mode, which places the bottom surface in tension, frequently broke prematurely along cracks in the bottom of the ice. Premature failures of this kind usually occurred at stresses of 2-3 kg/cm^2. Data further demonstrate that the intrinsic strength of lake ice decreases significantly as the surface air temperature goes to 0°C. Ice that has just become isothermal, but has not yet begun to candle, has a strength of about 4 kg/cm^2; ice that has been subjected to prolonged periods of above-freezing air temperatures generally fails at about 3 kg/cm^2. Tests also show that cold unrecrystallized snow-ice is as strong as the underlying lake ice. Tests of the effect of crystalline structure indicate that ice composed of crystals with their c-axes horizontal is measurably stronger than ice in which the crystals are oriented with their c-axes vertical.
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    Pages: v, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 349
    Language: English
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  • 45
    Call number: ZSP-202-343
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Experimental procedure. - Experimental and theoretical equations. - Results and discussion. - Conclusions. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Simultaneous laser extinction measurements were made in warm fog at wavelengths of 0.6238, 1.15 and 10.6 [Mu]. The warm fog was generated in a 4-m^3 environmental chamber. Particle sampling was carried out simultaneously with the laser measurements using an impactor. Using the same size distribution in each case the theoretical extinction coefficients were calculated and compared with the experimental coefficients. Results obtained during this experiment and aprevious one indicate that propagation at 1.15 [Mu] is adversely affected by the presence of atmospheric water vapor. Experimental data obtained simultaneously at 0.6328 and 10.6 [Mu] indicate that virtually no difference exists between the extinction coefficients at these two wavelengths for moderate particle concentrations while at much larger concentrations [Alpha]0.6328 increases indefinitely while [Alpha]10.6 levels off at 0.2.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 7 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 343
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  • 46
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-345
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 345
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - List of symbols. - Introduction. - Previous work. - Experimental design. - The radioisotope 22Na. - Description of apparatus. - Experimental procedure. - Correction of profiles. - Assumptions. - Decay correction. - Boundary correction. - Error analysis. - Results. - Salinity data. - Temperature data. - Growth velocity. - Discussion. - Brine and ice properties. - Brine salinity. - Brine density. - Brine volume. - Brine latent heat of freezing. - Brine viscosity, specific heat, and thermal conductivity. - Ice properties. - Theoretical brine expulsion model. - Continuity equations. - Thermal energy equation. - Simplified brine expulsion equations. - Brine expulsion in NaCl ice. - Results. - Discussion. - Gravity drainage in NaCl ice. - Application of results to natural sea ice. - Effective distribution coefficient. - Previous work. - Experimental procedure and results. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Profile correction data. - Appendix B: Program "correct" and sample output. - Appendix C: Tabulation of salinity data. - Appendix D: Tabulation of profile data. - Appendix E: Time-ice thickness equations (Runs 2 and 3). - Appendix F: Tabulation of distribution coefficient data.
    Description / Table of Contents: To obtain a better understanding of the desalination of natural sea ice, an experimental technique was developed to measure sequential salinity profiles of a growing sodium chloride ice sheet. Using radioactive 22Na as a tracer, it was possible to determine both the concentration and movement of the brine within the ice without destroying the sample. A detailed temperature and growth history of the ice was also maintained so that the variation of the salinity profiles could be properly interpreted. Since the experimental salinity profile represented a smoothed, rather than a true salinity distribution, a deconvolution method was devised to restore the true salinity profile. This was achieved without any significant loss of end points. In all respects, the salinity profiles are similar to those of natural sea ice. They have a characteristic C-shape, and clearly exhibit the effects of brine drainage. Not knowing the rates of brine expulsion or gravity drainage, the variation of the salinity profiles during the period of ice growth could be explained by either process. To determine the relative importance of the desalination mechanisms, a theoretical brine expulsion model was derived and compared to the experimental data. As input for the model, equations describing the variation of some properties of NaCl brine with temperature were derived. These included the brine salinity, viscosity, specific heat, thermal conductivity, and latent heat of freezing. The theoretical brine expulsion model was derived by performing mass and energy balances over a control volume of NaCl ice. A simplified form of the model, when compared to the experimental results, indicated that brine expulsion was only important during the first several hours of ice growth, and later became a minor desalination process relative to gravity drainage which continued to be the dominant mechanism for the remainder of the study period (up to 6 weeks). The rate of gravity drainage was found to be dependent on the brine volume and the temperature gradient of the ice. As either the brine volume or temperature gradient was increased, the rate of change of salinity due to gravity drainage increased. The equation commonly used to calculate the effective distribution coefficient (Weeks and Lofgren 1967) was modified and improved by taking brine drainage into account. An expression was also derived to give the distribution coefficient at very low growth velocities.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 85 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 345
    Language: English
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  • 47
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    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-341
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Samples. - Collection. - Preparation. - Analytical methods. - Cations. - Lead, silicon and aluminum. - Sulfate. - Comparative analyses. - Results and discussion. - Sea salt and terrestrial dust. - Sulfate. - Lead. - Summary and conclusions. - Literature cited. - Appendix A. Concentrations of chemical constituents in Dye 3 snow and ice strata.
    Description / Table of Contents: Concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, silicon, aluminum, lead and sulfate were measured in surface snow and in individual annual accumulation layers from a 373-m-deep ice core from Dye 3, Greenland, covering the time period from 1232 to 1971 A.D. Average background (pre-1840) concentrations in micrograms/liter are: Na, 12.9 ± 9.3; K, 2.2 ± 2.1; Mg, 1.5 ± 1.0; Ca, 4.8 ± 2.4; Si, 12 ± 6; Al, 3.3 ± 1.4; Pb, 0.07 ± 0.06; and SO4, 56 ± 22. Deviations are due mainly to the variability of the concentrations in the samples deposited over the stated time interval rather than analytical precision. Observed concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, silicon and aluminum can be adequately explained by relative abundances of these elements in seawater andterrestrial dust. Late 19th century annual ice layers contain twice as much sulfate as pre-1840 deposits, reflecting the increased use of fossil fuels in the Northern Hemisphere. Lead concentrations in post-1955 snow deposits are more than an order of magnitude greater than pre-1840 baseline concentrations and are attributed to smelting and the increased use of lead alkyls in gasoline.
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    Pages: v, 18 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 341
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  • 48
    Call number: ZSP-202-337
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction. - Surface ice observations. - Imagery interpretation. - Side-looking airborne radar. - Infrared. - Conclusions. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Ice conditions during mid-January 1974 in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and in the estuaty as far upstream as Rimouski are described utilitizing side-looking airborne radar, infrared and photographic imagery. The interpretations were verified by simultaneous surface observations on the ice by investigators operating from the CSS Dawson. The ice examined was undergoing rapid drift and deformation and showed a wide variety of thin ice (0-40 cm) features formed under the influence of strong winds and currents. These observations should serve as a guide in interpreting ice conditions in similar areas where ground truth data are not available.
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    Pages: 41 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 337
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  • 49
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Materiel Command Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-251
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Theory. - Application to ice sheets and ice shelves. - Summary. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: An analysis is made of the rate of bubble coalescence in a deforming ice mass. A total strain of at least 8 is required before appreciable coalescence occurs, The analysis has.been applied to deforming ice shelves and ice sheets. No appreciable coalescence is expected in ice shelves but coalescence should occur in ice sheets (or glaciers) if the shear strain rate at the bottom surface is of the order of 0.075/yr or larger. Measurements of bubble concentration are capable of setting limits on paleo-strain rates of the present ice sheets. Bubble migration down temperature gradients presents complications to the study of bubble coalescence.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 251
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  • 50
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    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-277
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Nomenclature. - Introduction. - Basic equations. - Constitutive relations. - Elastic region. - Plastic region. - Stability of the differential equation. - Stability of the difference equation. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: An analysis is made of the stability of difference approximation to one-dimensional shock wave propagation in elastic-plastic media. The necessary condition for stability is obtained.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 9 Seiten
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 277
    Language: English
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  • 51
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leningrad : Gidrometeoizdat
    Call number: MOP 45793 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 263 S. : Ill.
    Language: Russian
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  • 52
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Washington, DC : U.S. Gov. Print. Off.
    Associated volumes
    Call number: MOP Per 603(80-1)
    In: Natural disaster survey report, 80-1
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: V, 60 S.
    Series Statement: Natural disaster survey report 80-1
    Language: English
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  • 53
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Moskva : Mosk. Otd. Gidrometeoizdata
    Associated volumes
    Call number: MOP Per 759(44)
    In: Trudy VNIIGMI MCD
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 55 S.
    Series Statement: Trudy VNIIGMI MCD 44
    Language: Russian
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  • 54
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Moskva : Akad.
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-697-92-0615
    In: Rezul'taty issledovanij po meždunarodnym geofizičeskim proektam
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 239 S. : Kt.
    Series Statement: Rezul'taty issledovanij po meždunarodnym geofizičeskim proektam
    Language: Russian
    Note: Contents: Preface. - Chapter 1. Glaciation of the earth and problems connected with it. - Chapter 2. Glaciation of the Urals. - Chapter 3. Glaciation of Scandinavia. - Chapter 4. Glaciation of the Pacific Arctic and Subarctic. - Chapter 5. Glaciation of the Arctic Islands: the Eurasian Arctic. - Chapter 6. Glaciation of the Arctic Islands: the Cannadian Arctic. - Chapter 7. Glaciation of Greenland. - Chapter 8. Arctic Ocean. - Chapter 9. Present-day glacio-climatic conditions in the North Polar area and their variations during historical time. - Chapter 10. History of Cenozoic glaciation. - Chapter 11. Causes of glaciation. - Conclusion. - Summary. - References. - Geographical Index. , In kyrill. Schr. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache.
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  • 55
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leningrad : Gidrometeorol. Izd.
    Call number: MOP 33417
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 351 S. : Ill.
    Series Statement: Aėrologija / Dopuščeno Min. Vysšego i Srednogo Spec. Obrazovanija SSSR v Kačestve Učeb. Posobija Dlja Gidrometeorol. Technikumov 2
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 56
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Moskva : Mosk. Otd. Gidrometeoizdata
    Associated volumes
    Call number: MOP Per 759(76)
    In: Trudy VNIIGMI MCD
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Series Statement: Trudy VNIIGMI MCD 76
    Language: Russian
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  • 57
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leningrad : Gidrometeoizdat
    Call number: AWI A4-82-0777
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 117 S. : graph. Darst.
    Language: Russian
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  • 58
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leningrad : Gidrometeoizdat
    Call number: AWI A4-77-0560
    Description / Table of Contents: In the monograph the author sets forth some features of the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere in every year season. It is done on the grounds of the average monthly baric topography Southern Hemisphere charts for 30 mb and also on the grounds of the daily radiosonding by some polar stations. Some urgent problems are examined in this work, they are the possibilities and character of the origin stratospheric rising in temperature, vertical power of the cold polar invasions in the middle latitudes, the pecularities of the spring and autumn field temperature changes and the polar region geopotential, the velopause topography over the polar region and some other problems. Differences in the stratospheric field temperature structure and the geopotential in the polar region of the northern and southern hemisphere are presented in the conclusion. In the first place the monograph is of interest to specialists in meteorology dealing with the atmospheric general circulation, weather forecasters - practical workers, geographers, geophysicists and students-meteorologists. It can also be of interest to specialists concerning with the atmospheric earth structure.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 110 S. : Ill.
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 59
    Call number: MOP 46203 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 165 S. : Ill.
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 60
    Call number: AWI A4-90-0142
    In: Trudy sovetskoj antarktičeskoj ėkspedicii, 74
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 151 S.
    Series Statement: Trudy sovetskoj antarktičeskoj ėkspedicii 74
    Language: Russian
    Note: Contents: Preface. - PART 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. - Chapter 1. Organization and implimentation of observations. - Chapter 2. Engineering activity on the SAE. - Appendix. - PART 2. SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. - On the initial data set for the long-range H500 hydrodynamic forecast for the Southern Hemisphere / M. P. Yevseyev. - To the forecast of weather elements in Antarctica / R. G. Panchugin. - Method of spectral zoning on the 4-dimensional analysis of upper-air data on the Southern Hemisphere / S. A. Petrusenko. - On the structure of air mass transport on the Southern Hemisphere atmosphere / E. P. Lysakov. - Aerial-synoptic analysis of the conditions leading to strong katabatic winds, observed on Molodezhnaya station on 1976 / S. T. Sokolov, N. N. Shirokov. - Some results of the study of the atmospheric nourishment of Antarctic Sea ice sheets / A. I. Voskresensky , N. N. Bryazgin. - The assessment of the advective and dynamic processes on the formation of the thermal regime of Antarctic atmosphere / E. P. Lysakov. - The study of physical / acoustical and rheological properties of the ice sheet on the vicinity of the Novolazarevskaya Station / V. A. Nikitin, V. K. Stepanov. - On the temperature field of the Novolazarevskaya Ice Shelf / L. I. Yeskin. - The primary production on the lakes of Schirmacher Oasis / E. B. Kaup. - On the computer processing of the Antarctic geomagnetic data / A. F. Maloletkin. - Hydrometeorological and sea ice conditions at the Bellingshausen Station, 1975/76 / A. A. Lebedev. - Biochemical changes on the blood serum under cold impact / P. Ye. Vloshchinsky, Yu. A. Sidorov. - The study of the elasticity of the vegetative system on the wintering-over personnel in Antarctica / Yu. A. Sidorov. , In kyrill. Schr. - Engl. Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 5-6
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  • 61
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leningrad : Gidrometeoizdat
    Call number: MOP 35970
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 139 S. : Ill.
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 62
    Call number: ZSP-202-344
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Approach and methods. - Results. - Lake morphology. - Elongation. - Orientation. - Percentage cover (density). - Lake classification. - L1 unit. - L2 unit. - L3 unit. - L4 unit. - L5 and Lu units. - Other units. - Lake basin depths. - Ice volume and basin genesis. - Geological implications. - Conclusions. - Selected bibliography.
    Description / Table of Contents: The lakes of the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska were classified, based on size, shape, orientation and distribution, into six lake units and three nonlake units. Regional slope and relief were demonstrated to control lake size, the largest lakes occurring on the flattest, northernmost segment of the Coastal Plain. Using ERTS-1 sequential imagery and existing photography and data, lakes were grouped according to three depth ranges, 〈 1 m, 1-2 m and 〉 2 m. Deepest lakes have the longest period of summer ice cover. Ice on shallow lakes melts the earliest. Maximum depths of lakes were computed based on ice volume content of the perennially frozen ground (permafrost) and these agreed with observed values and ranges. The lake classification and regional ERTS-1 coverage also appear to provide additional information on the limits of late-Pleistocene transgressions on the Coastal Plain.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 344
    Language: English
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  • 63
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leningrad : Gidrometeorologičeskoe izdat.
    Call number: MOP 34194
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 463 S. : Ill.
    Uniform Title: The sea
    Language: Russian
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  • 64
    Call number: ZSP-202-348
    In: Detecting structural heat losses with mobile infrared thermography, Part III
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command, 348
    Description / Table of Contents: During the winter of 1973 - 74 a mobile infrared thermography system was used to survey the USA CRREL building at Hanover, New Hampshire. This report provides a description of excessive heat losses at several locations around the building. This report also discusses the need to carefully monitor meteorological conditions before starting a survey of a building exterior to determine if solar radiation decay from the building surface might interfere with thermographic analysis by masking the heat emanating from within the building.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 9 S. : Ill.
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 348
    Language: English
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  • 65
    Call number: ZSP-202-346
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 346
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - USA CRREL project and personnel involvement. - Part I. Introduction. - Background. - Literature review. - Part II. CRREL investigations from 1970 - 1974. - Initial literature survey (1970). - Oil detection kit development. - Survey of Cape Simpson, Alaska, natural crude oil seepages (1970). - Haines-Fairbanks military pipeline investigations (1971-1973). - Barrow investigations (1970-1974). - Fairbanks and Fox investigations. - Germination studies. - Physiological studies. - Dispersant studies. - Microbiological investigations. - Field investigations of accidental petroleum losses. - Part III. Recent related literature. - Part IV. Conclusions and recommendations. - USA CRREL reports, publications and presentations on Alaska oil spill research. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Knowledge concerning the biological effects of oil pollution on arctic and subarctic terrestrial ecosystems is limited. USA CRREL research personnel conducted investigations from 1970 through 1974 to expand information in this field. Objectives were to: 1) define the ecosystems most sensitive to the presence of crude oil or its refined products, 2) quantify and understand the injury response, and 3) establish time frames for manifestation of damage and natural restorative processes in arctic and subarctic regions. This was accomplished through: 1) surveys of natural oil seepages and past accidential spills in the Arctic and Subarctic, 2) initiation of controlled oil spills and 3) detailed laboratory investigations. Results demonstrated that terrestrial oil spills will to some degree be detrimental to both arctic and subarctic plant communities. Degree and longevity of damage will be influenced primarily by the magnitude of the spill, season of occurrence and existing soil moisture content. Rapid recovery of plant communities subjected to spills will occur only if root systems remain relatively unaffected. Damage will be more extensive and long-term when root systems are saturated with oil. Effects of damage will be manifested gradually over several seasons being influenced by winter stresses. Variation does exist in plant species susceptibility. Carex aquatilis, a predominant sedge of the arctic, is markedly resistant to crude oil damage. In the taiga Picea mariana is very susceptible. Plant recovery can be enhanced through the application of fertilizer. Fertilization, in addition to its direct effect on plant nutrition, will stimulate microbial decomposition of crude oil.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 66 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 346
    Language: English
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  • 66
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Materiel Command, Terrestrial Sciences Center, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-256
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command, 256
    Description / Table of Contents: The flow of a compressible fluid through a deep layer of a porous medium with non-uniform permeability was analyzed. The volumetric behavior of the fluid was described first by the perfect gas law, then by the van der Waal's equation of state. Darcy's law was assumed to be valid. For illustration, the model of air flowing through a deep bed of naturally compacted snow was used to carry out numerical computation. The permeability of snow was considered as a function of depth. The nonlinear partial differential equation obtained by combining the continuity equation with Darcy's law was solved by finite difference technique. A time dependent exponential decay boundary condition was used which included the step-rise constant boundary condition as a limiting case. Pressure distributions in the porous medium calculated from the assumption of ideal gas and van der Waal's gas were compared. The data were presented in dimensionless variables.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 256
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Theory. - Computation and results. - Conclusions. - Literature cited.
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  • 67
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Materiel Command, Terrestrial Sciences Center, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-253
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Theoretical considerations. - Method of canopy evaluation. - Application to forest problems. - Forest blowdown. - Radioactivity gradient. - Phenology. - Forest types and structure. - Distribution of leaves and canopy gaps. - Light quality. - Discussion and summary. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: A technique for evaluating forest canopies was developed based on the use of a divergent lens system to obtain hemispherical photographs of tree crowns. The photography was processed from 35 mm film and enlarged as a silhouette, and the light transmission was measured with a specially fabricated macrodensitometer. It is concluded that the amount of forest canopy can be expressed as canopy closure index (CCI) at a precision of approximately 5%. It is shown by application to a variety of problems in diverse geographical areas that this technique can be used for measuring both temporal and spatial changes in the canopy, for estimating the shade light climate, and for specifying the probability of target detection through a canopy. Data are presented to analyze changes caused by explosions, radioactivity, growing season, and vegetation types. The geometry of gaps in tree crowns is discussed and the nature of shade light quality under forests is illustrated.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 20 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 253
    Language: English
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  • 68
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-266
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - Review of dielectric properties of soils and rocks. - Methods and measurements. - Introduction. - Dispersion. - Experimental procedures. - Introduction. - Apparatus. - Correction for stray fields. - Material. - Results. - The dielectric properties of Na-montmorillonite suspensions as a function of concentration. - The dielectric properties of K-montmorillonite water suspension. - Conclusions. - Outlook. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: The dielectric properties of Na- and K- montmorillonite suspensions with concentrations varying from 2.5% to 0.10% by weight were measured at 25°C in the frequency range of 50 Hz to 20 kHz. Effects of electrode polarization were minimized by using the same stainless steel electrodes at different interelectrode distances and a correction was applied to compensate for stray fields. This investigation establishes the fact that the high dielectric constants of clay suspensions at audio frequencies are real and not the result of electrode polarization. The polarization that determines the dispersion is an interfacial phenomenon between the ionic atmosphere and the negatively charged clay particle. The results of this study show that clay suspensions have the same dispersion as soil samples, indicating the probability that the dispersion of wet soils in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 20 kHz is similar for most soils. The actual value of the dielectric constant, however, cannot yet be predicted.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 17 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 266
    Language: English
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  • 69
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Materiel Command, Terrestrial Sciences Center, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-263
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Theoretical background. - Experimental apparatus and procedures. - Results and discussion. - Conclusions. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: The transition in the mode of heat transfer from conduction to convection in a layer of water formed continuously by melting ice from below has been determined experimentally. This was accomplished by locating the inflection point on the curve relating the water-ice interface (or melting front) and time. Thus, the critical Rayleigh number, Rac, at which convective heat transfer started can be correlated empirically as a function of warm plate temperature, Ts, by Rac= 14,200 exp(-6.64 x 10^-2 Ts). This relation is valid for Ts varying from 7.72 to 25.50°C. The initial ice temperature T0 was varied from -4.8 to -22.00°C. The effect of T0 was found to be insignificant. Homogeneous, bubble-free ice was prepared and used in all the experiments.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 12 Seiten , Illustrations
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 263
    Language: English
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  • 70
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Materiel Command, Terrestrial Sciences Center, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-260
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - Introduction and statermnt of problem. - Solution of problem shown in Figure 3. - Solution of problem shown in Figure 4. - The negligibility of the effects of buoyancy and incompressibility of the sealed liquid. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: After a brief description of the circumstances which led to the investigation of the title problem and discussion of some related previous investigations, exact solutions are derived for a circular plate which seals an incompressible liquid, is clamped along the boundary and is subjected at an arbitrary point to a lateral concentrated force P. For the case when the plate is covered by a thin liquid layer the solution is obtained in closed form. When this liquid layer is absent, the solution is obtained as an infinite series. The paper concludes with a study of the range of the parameter ([Lambda] a) for which the effort of buoyancy is negligible upon the deflections and stresses in the plate.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 11 Seiten , Illustartionen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 260
    Language: English
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  • 71
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Materiel Command, Terrestrial Sciences Center, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-245
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Snow crystals in Greenland. - Microspherules. - Microspherules in snow and ice-fog crystals. - Concentration and radii of spherules. - Discussion and conclusions. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Spherules found in snow crystals, ice-fog crystals, fallout particles, and fly ash were studied with an electron microscope using the electron diffraction method. The central part of the residues of 1004 specimens of natural snow crystals from Greenland, the United States, and Japan were examined; 14 spherules 0.1 to 1.5? in radius were found among them. The residues of 658 artificial ice-fog crystals formed from water vapor in flue gases of coal-burning electric power plants at Fairbanks, Alaska, were also examined; nine spherules were found. Spherules similar to those found in ice-fog residues were found in furnace-produced fly ash fallout at Fairbanks, Alaska. Electron and optical microscope examination of spherules found in Greenland snow reveals a size distribution of the form dN/d(log r) = Cr-ß where ß approximately 3. The properties of spherules and the mean mass of snow crystals from Greenland are described. The electron microscope study indicated that less than 0.7% of the 1004 snow crystals contained spherules of possible extraterrestrial origin, and that snow crystals are formed mainly on clay mineral particles by heterogeneous nucleation.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 10 Seite , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 245
    Language: English
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  • 72
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leningrad : Gidrometeoizdat
    Associated volumes
    Call number: MOP 45552/1 / Mitte
    In: Pervyj global'nyj eksperiment PIGAP
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 164 S.
    Series Statement: Pervyj global'nyj eksperiment PIGAP 1
    Language: Russian
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  • 73
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-250
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Methods. - Results. - Ground and aerial photography. - Hemispherical photography. - Light quality. - Discussion. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Aerial and ground photographs were taken over a 2-year period of sites in the El Verde rain forest to record the consistency of the vegetational patterns in untreated sites and the changes that occurred following gamma irradiation. Four emulsions were used: panchromatic infrared, false color transparency and color transparency. Densitometry was used to evaluate color film and the vegetation response to 3 months of radiation. The color emulsions provided the sharpest indication of damage to vegetation and the succession following treatment. Hemispherical photography of the canopy was evaluated in terms of a canopy cover index defined as percent of light passing through the negative in a 90-degree cone area. Control stations were remarkably constant in all photography, establishing the stability and slow natural changes in rain forest structure. Spectral light measurements within the forest confirmed the predominance of far red shade light. Compared to similar studies on the chronic irradiated forest at Brookhaven National Laboratory the El Verde results were less distinct.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 250
    Language: English
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  • 74
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Moskva : Izdatel'stvo Nauka
    Call number: MOP 46036 / Mitte ; MOP 45269 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 175 Seiten
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrillischer Schrift
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    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 75
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Moskva : Mysl'
    Associated volumes
    Call number: MOP Per 745(124)
    In: Voprosy geografii
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 216 S.
    Series Statement: Voprosy geografii 124
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 76
    Call number: AWI A4-89-0036-1 ; AWI A4-78-0791-1 ; MOP 45231/A / Mitte
    In: Spravočnik po klimatu Antarktidy / pod red. I. M. Dolgina, Tom 1
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Foreword. - Geographical description of the Antarctic stations. - Solar radiation measurements in Antarctica. - Sunshine observations in Antarctica. - References. - Explanations to tables. - SECTION 1. SOLAR RADIATION AND NET RADIATION. - 1. Time of sunrise and sunset on the day dated the 15th. - 2. Sun's altitude at noon and at midnight on the day dated the 15th. - 3. Maximum Sun's altitude. - 4. Dates of the commencement and ending of the polar day and night. - 5. Mean monthly values of radiation fluxes. - 6. Mean monthly values of radiation fluxes with clear sky. - 7. Mean monthly values of total radiation fluxes with continuous total cloudiness. - 8. Mean monthly values of total radiation fluxes with continuous low cloudiness. - 9. Mean monthly values of net radiation with continuous total cloudiness. - 10. Mean monthly values of net radiation with continuous low cloudiness. - 11. Maximum values of radiation fluxes. - 12. Minimum values of radiation fluxes. - 13. Hourly and daily values of direct solar radiation at normal incidence. - 14. Hourly and daily values of direct solar radiation on a horizontal surface. - 15. Hourly and daily values of diffuse radiation. - 16. Hourly and daily values of total solar radiation. - 17. Hourly and daily values of net radiation. - 18. Extreme daily values of direct solar radiation at normal incidence. - 19. Extreme daily values of direct solar radiation on a horizontal surface. - 20. Extreme daily values of diffuse radiation. - 21. Extreme daily values of total solar radiation. - 22. Extreme daily values of net radiation. - 23. Frequency of daily values of direct solar radiation on a horizontal surface in ranges. - 24. Frequency of daily values of total solar radiation in ranges. - 25. Frequency of daily values of net radiation in ranges. - 26. Ten-day values of direct solar radiation at normal incidence. - 27. Ten-day values of direct solar radiation on a horizontal surface. - 28. Ten-day values of diffuse radiation. - 29. Ten-day values of total solar radiation. - 30. Ten-day values of absorbed radiation. - 31. Ten-day values of net radiation. - 32. Monthly and annual values of solar radiation and mean values of the surface albedo. - 33. Monthly and annual values of solar radiation with clear sky. - 34. Extreme monthly and annual values of direct solar radiation at normal incidence. - 35. Extreme monthly and annual values of direct solar radiation on a horizontal surface. - 36. Extreme monthly and annual values of diffuse radiation. - 37. Extreme monthly and annual values of total solar radiation. - 38. Extreme mean monthly and annual values of the surface albedo. - 39. Extreme values of the surface albedo. - 40. Extreme monthly and annual values of absorbed radiation. - 41. Extreme monthly and annual values of net radiation. - 42. Mean monthly values of radiation fluxes for the stations with short-period measurements. - 43.Mean monthly values of radiation fluxes for the period of anomalous decrease of the atmosphere transparency. - 44. Monthly and annual values of direct solar radiation at normal incidence. - 45. Monthly and annual values of direct solar radiation on a horizontal surface. - 46. Monthly and annual values of diffuse radiation. - 47. Monthly and annual values of total solar radiation. - 48. Mean monthly and annual values of the surface albedo. - 49. Monthly and annual values of absorbed radiation. - 50. Monthly and annual values of net radiation. - SECTION 2. SUNSHINE. - 51. Duration of sunshine. - 52. Mean duration of sunshine for the day with sunshine. - 53. Relative duration of sunshine. - 54. Number of days without sunshine. - 55. Diurnal variation of the duration of sunshine. - 56. Duration of sunshine: data for individual years. - 57. Mean sunshine duration for the day with sunshine: data for the individual years. - 58. Relative duration of sunshine: data for individual years. - 59. Number of days without sunshine: data for individual years. - Alphabetic index of stations (with the indication of the used period of observation). - List of meteorological stations ( in order of the mentioned data). - Meteorological stations location map.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 211 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Spravočnik po klimatu Antarktidy / pod red. I. M. Dolgina 1
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrillischer Schrift , Inhaltsverzeichnis in englischer Sprache (Seite 5-6)
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  • 77
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leningrad : Gidrometeoizdat
    Call number: MOP 40341 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 238 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Language: Russian
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  • 78
    Call number: MOP 44329 / Mitt
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 295 S.
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 79
    Call number: AWI A4-85-0427
    Description / Table of Contents: Приводятся основные результаты докладов на совещании-семинаре "Изучение Арктики, Антарктики и Мирового океана - на службу людям", проводившемся в Москве, на ВДНХ 9 - 13 февраля 1981 г. = The main results of the reports at the workshop-seminar "The study of the Arctic, Antarctic and the World Ocean - for people", held in Moscow, at the Exhibition of Economic Achievements, February 9 - 13, 1981.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 182 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Language: Russian
    Note: Soderžanie: Predislovie. - Osnovnye rezul'taty 25-letnego issledovanija Antarktiki / N. A. Kornilov. - Poljarnaja klimatologija na službe narodnogo chozjajstva / A. I. Voskresenskij, G. U. Karimova, L. S. Petrov. - Sostojanie i perspektivy okeanologičeskogo obespečenija narodnogo chozjajstva v Arktike / N. V. Mustafin, E. N. Dvorkin. - Sostojanie i perspektivy gidrochimičeskich issledovanij dlja obsluživanija naučnych i chozjajstvennych učreždenij Arktiki / V. P. Rusanov. - Obespečenie ledovoj informaciej ledokol'no-transportnych sudov v Arktike / V. E. Borodačev, A. V. Bušuev, A. A. Kirillov. - Izučenie prirodnych uslovij dlja obespečenija tranzitnogo plavanija po Severnomu Morskomu Puti / A. Ja. Buzuev, V. B. Fedjakov. - Ispol'zovanie novych metodov v monitoringe termičeskogo režima Arktiki / I. B. Eserkepova, K. M. Lugina, N. A. Speranskaja, R. L. Kagan, I. P. Smirnova, V. V. Subbotin. - Izučenie vysokich sloev atmosfery v Arktike, Antarktike, i nad Mirovym okeanom s pomošč'ju meteoraket / G. A. Kokin, K. E. Speranskij, S. S. Gajgerov. - Optičeskie svojstva atmosfery nad Atlantičeskim okeanom / E. E. Artemkin, S. I. Avdjušin, A. E. Mikirov. - Voprosy soveršenstvovanija sinoptičeskogo obespečenija sudochodstva i rybopromyslovych rabot v Južnom okeane / L. Ju. Ryžakov. - Radiolokacionnye issledovanija oblakov v različnych rajonach Mirovogo okeana / A. I. Korotov, A. E. Mjagkov, A. B. Ščupjackij. - Osnovnye itogi i perspektivy naučnych issledovanij Severozemel'skogo gljaciologičeskogo stacionara AANII "Kupol Vavilova" / L. S. Govorucha. - Nekotorye rezul'taty issledovanij po programme Meždunarodnogo antarktičeskogo gljaciologičeskogo proekta (MAGP) / V. G. Aver'janov. - Prilivnye javlenija vo l'dach Severnogo Ledovitogo okeana (po kosmičeskim dannym) / V. V. Bogorodskij, M. G. Nazirov. - Nekotorye čerty prostranstvennoj struktury ledjanogo pokrova arktičeskich morej v svjazi s turbulentnym treniem i geostrofičeskim zachvatom prilivnoj volny / M. G. Nazirov, V. G. Trofimova. - Primenenie model'nych naturnych ėksperimentov pri izučenii vzaimodejstvija nefteproduktov s okeanom i atmosferoj / V. V. Izmajlov, V. S. Račkov. - Neftjanye uglevodorody v vodach mirovogo okeana i metody bor'by s nimi / M. P. Nestepova, I. A. Nemirovskaja, O. S. Močalova. - Osnovnye rezul'taty issledovanij vozmožnych izmenenij gidrometeorologičeskich uslovij severnych morej pod vlijaniem vodochozjajstvennych meroprijatij / V. A. Potanin, A. A. Dement'ev. - Issledovanie struktury gidrofizičeskich polej v central'noj časti Arktičeskogo bassejna / L. I. Zubkov, A. V. Gusev, P. V. Bogorodskij. - Ispol'zovanie infrakrasnych (IK) aėrokosmičeskich nabljudenij Arktičeskich morej v navigacii i pri rešenii drugich narodnochozjajstvennych zadač / A. I. Paramonov, V. A. Čebotareva. - Set' avtomatičeskich magnitografov po proektu "Geografičeskij poligon v Antarktide" dlja izučenija okolozemnogo kosmičeskogo prostranstva / A. N. Zajcev, G. A. Timofeev, V. O. Papitašvili. - Prognozirovanie chodkosti sudov vo l'dach / V. I. Kašteljan, D. D. Maksutov, O. V. Faddeev. , In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 80
    Call number: ZSP-202-347
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 347
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Experimental. - Results and discussion. - Applications. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemical analysis of century-old ice from continuous 5 to 7 year intervals of three ice cores from south and central Greenland (Dye 3, Milcent and Crete) show maximum concentrations of Na, Mg,Ca, K, and Al during early spring and minimum concentrations during late summer and early fall. Peak spring values are as much as 10 times greater than fall values. Because of the large seasonal chemical variations, samples used for depth-age or annual deposition rate studies must represent accumulation from exactly one year or whole multiples of a year. The seasonal chemical variations seem promising as a new method of defining annual layers and thus dating old ice cores.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 347
    Language: English
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  • 81
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-340
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Nomenclature. - Introduction. - Theory. - Application. - Literature cited. - Appendix.
    Description / Table of Contents: The equations describing water movement in a dry snow cover are derived and examples of flow through ripe, refrozen and fresh snows are given. The grain size of snow has a large effect on the timing of water discharge. Water is retained by dry snow to raise its temperature and satisfy the irreducible water saturation. These requirements delay and reduce runoff following rain on dry snow.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 13 S. : graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 340
    Language: English
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  • 82
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-336
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Nomenclature. - Introduction. - Description of study. - Sample preparation. - Test equipment and procedure. - Discussion of results. - Stress-density relationship. - Effect of rate of deformation. - Effect of temperature. - Effect of initial snow density. - Stress-deformation relationship. - Summary and conclusions. - Microstructural analysis. - Introduction. - Analytical methods. - Results and discussion. - Conclusion. - Literature cited. - Anpendix: Test data.
    Description / Table of Contents: The effects of snow temperature, rate of deformation, and initial density on the stress vs density and stress vs deformation relationships were investigated in the pressure range of 0.1 to 75 bars. The rate of deformation in the range of 0.027 to 27 cm sec^-1 does not have a significant effect. A decrease in temperature in the range of 0° to -40°C increases the resistance to stress and deformation, the temperature effect increasing with applied pressure and initial density. The effect of initial density is significant. For any stress, an increase in the initial density results in an increase in the resulting density, particularly at low stress levels and at temperatures near 0°C. The texture of artificially compacted snow is significantly different from that of naturally compacted snow of the same density because of the very short recrystallization time period.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 57 Seiten , Illustrations
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 336
    Language: English
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  • 83
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-333
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - Analogy method. - Method based on the bending theory of elastic plates and the criterion [Sigma]max = [Sigma]f. - Methods based on viscoelastic theories. - Methods based on the yield line theory or limit analysis. - Comparison of analytical and test results. - General remarks. - Effect of bending and shearing forces on deflection of an ice cover. - Determination of Pf(O). - Determination of Pf(t). - Determination of [Sigma]f. - Summary and recommendations. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: This report contains a critical survey of the literature on the bearing capacity of floating ice plates. It consists of a discussion of general questions, a critical survey of analytical attempts to determine the bearing capacity of floating ice plates, and a survey of field and laboratory tests on floating ice plates and their relation to the analytical results. The paper concludes with a systematic summary of the results, a discussion of observed shortcomings, and suggestions for needed investigations.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 43 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 333
    Language: English
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  • 84
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-334
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - List of symbols and associated dimensions. - Introduction and purpose. - Site characteristics. - Outline of study scheme. - Analysis. - Heat conduction to the drill hole. - Heat transfer between conduit wall and coolant. - Heat transfer between surface pipe and air. - Total heat extraction process. - Example calculations. - Estimate of basal water thickness and flow rates. - Summary of investigations of multiple-hole. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: A scheme for cooling the lower portion of the edge of the Greenland ice sheet, which abuts a potential mining operation, is examined. The magnitude of cooling which may be accomplished by drilling a series of holes about the periphery of the mine site is determined as a function of hole size, spacing and time. Refrigeration is accomplished by pumping a coolant downhole in a central pipe, then uphole in an annulus between the pipe and hole wall, and then through a thin-walled pipe exposed to the surface climate above the ice sheet. It was found possible to achieve a temperature change in the ice of the order of -1°C with hole spacings and pumping requirements which are considered reasonable. Other effects are briefly examined and include an estimate of the basal water thickness and flow rates.
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    Pages: vii, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 334
    Language: English
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  • 85
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Materiel Command, Terrestrial Sciences Center, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-242
    In: Research report, 242
    Description / Table of Contents: The attenuation of visible light by falling snow was studied by making simultaneous attenuation measurements and snow concentration measurements. The attenuation coefficient was calculated from photometric measurements and from visual observations. Snow concentration in the air was evaluated by two methods: from Formvar replicas collected during the snowfall, and by mass accumulation of snow in collecting pans. The snowflakes were arbitrarily classified by crystal types according to their estimated fall velocity. It was found that the correlation between extinction coefficient (attenuation) and snow concentration was generally much higher by types than when all snowflakes were considered together regardless of crystal components and degree of riming. Two types, apparently improperly classified, displayed lower correlations than the overall group. When no fog is present during the snowfall, the experimental results coincide well with attenuation theory if a reasonable correction is applied to the values obtained in the measurement of snowflake diameters. Measurements of mass flux indicate that for a given intensity the attenuation caused by snow is an order of magnitude greater than that caused by the same mass flux of rain.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 242
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Initial theoretical considerations. - Light attenuation by particles. - Basis of attenuation meter measurements. - Contrast reduction and visual range. - Transmissometer theory, Pritchard photometric method. - Terminal velocity of snowflakes. - Methods of measurement: Light attenuation. - Duntley (Scripps Institution) attenuation meter. - "Meteorological range" observations. - Pritchard photometric method. - Methods of measurement: Atmospheric concentration of snowflakes. - Replication method. - Mass accumulation method. - Analysis of snow samples. - Terminal velocity of snowflakes. - Flux density and atmospheric concentration. - Mass accumulation rate. - Concurrent attenuation due to fog. - Discussion of results. - Computational methods. - Correlations: Attenuation coefficient vs area concentration. - Correlations: Attenuation coefficient vs are a flux. - Correlations: Attenuation coefficient vs mass concentration and mass flux. - Comparison of sampling methods for mass flux. - Attenuation of visible light by snow compared to rain. - Literature cited. - Appendix A.
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  • 86
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : US Army Materiel Command, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-240
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command, 240
    Description / Table of Contents: A 4-summer hydrologic record from a 1.6 km^2 drainage basin at Barrow, Alaska is analyzed. The watershed, a drained lake basin, is underlain by continuous permafrost within 0.3m of the tundra surface and is covered by ice-wedge polygons and numerous small shallow ponds. Considerable variations from the 20-yr means of summer climate (thaw period 88 days, precipitation 67 mm) are represented in the data: 1963 - cold, extremely wet; 1964 - cold, extremely dry; 1965 - cool, dry; 1966 - cool, wet. Runoff varied greatly from storm to storm, occurring primarily through and over the tundra mat and through an intricate system of polygonal troughs and ponds. As a result of the subdued coastal topography, varying areas (0.3 km^2 to 1.6 km^2) contribute to runoff from different storms. Analyses of hydrographs revealed: 1) lag times generally from 3 to 10 hr; 2) recession constants of about 50 hr, but occasionally as much as 160 hr; and 3) runoff from individual storms between 1 and 70%. About 5% of the thaw season precipitation normally runs off. Comparison of total thaw season precipitation between the U.S. Weather Bureau and a shielded gage located on the watershed indicated no major differences. If "trace" precipitation is considered, only 90% of the actual precipitation may be recorded. Pan evaporation for an average thaw season is about 160 mm and evapotranspiration which is essentially in balance with precipitation is about 60 mm. Conductivity of runoff water varied from 250 [My]mhos during sustained discharge to more than 500 [My]mhos during low flows in dry years. Precipitation chemistry showed no correlation with storm direction. Assuming all winter precipitation runs off, and the data are spatially and temporally representative, about 50% of the measured annual precipitation in this region runs off into the Arctic Ocean.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: IV, 18 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 240
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS: Preface. - Summary. - Introduction. - Regional setting. - Description of watershed. - Climatic record. - Methods. - Precipitation. - Water and air temperatures. - Discharge. - Evaporation and pond levels. - Water chemistry. - Soil thaw. - Results and discussion. - Precipitation. - Runoff. - Evaporation and transpiration. - Water chemistry. - Conclusions. - Literature cited.
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  • 87
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Materiel Command, Terrestrial Sciences Center, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-264
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Physical properties of ice fog. - Mie scattering computations. - Results. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Ice-fog crystals consisting of many spherical particles, and some hexagonal plates and columns, were observed at ambient temperatures of about -40°C in the Fairbanks, Alaska area during mid-winter. The concentrations and the size distributions of the ice-fog crystals were measured. The attenuation and backscattering of infrared radiation by ice-fog crystals were computed for optical wavelengths of 2.2[My], 2.7[My], 4.5[My], 5.75[My], 9.7[My] and 10.9[My] using the Mie theory. The minimum attenuation coefficients and backscattering functions of ice fog were found to be at 9.7[My] wavelength in the observed wavelengths. Optical attenuation coefficients and volume backscattering functions of water fogs were also computed using the Mie theory. The minimum attenuation coefficients and backscattering functions of water fog were found to be at 10.9[My] wavelength in the region of 2.2[My], 2.7[My], 4.5[My], 5.75[My], 9.7[My] and 10.9[My]. Both the attenuation coefficients and backscattering functions of ice fog are within the same order of magnitude as water fog for equivalent fog concentrations and wavelengths.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 7 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 264
    Language: English
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  • 88
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Materiel Command, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-246
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Summary. - Introduction. - Theory. - Discussion. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Steady-state temperature profiles are calculated for the borehole drilled through the Greenland ice sheet at Camp Century. The profiles are found by modifying Robin's theory through the addition of several correction terms. One of these terms is the internal heating arising from creep deformation. The importance of this term was emphasized by Lliboutry. The new theoretical profiles do not differ appreciably from the profile derived from Robin's theory. The theoretical profiles do differ substantially from the Camp Century profile measured by Hansen. It is concluded that Hansen's observations are evidence that factors such as accumulation rate and the upper surface temperature are not in a long-term steady-state condition. Better agreement between theoretical and measured curves is obtained if it is assumed that the accumulation rate was about 40% smaller in the past and that the mean annual surface temperature varied by about 0.5°C over the past 1000 years.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 246
    Language: English
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  • 89
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Helsinki [u.a.] ; 326.1984 -
    Call number: Z 92.0098
    ISSN: 0367-522X
    Former Title: Bulletin / Geologinen Tutkimuslaitos
    Language: English
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  • 90
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Paris : European Space Agency
    Associated volumes
    Call number: M 97.0145
    In: ESA PSS
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: vi, 85 S.
    Edition: Issue 1.
    Series Statement: ESA PSS 01-736
    Classification:
    E.3.
    Language: English
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  • 91
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chicago : Rand McNally
    Call number: M 97.0183
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIII, 381 S.
    Classification:
    Tectonics
    Language: English
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  • 92
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/20
    In: CRREL Report, 78-20
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Measurements of the concentrations of Aitken nuclei in maritime air were made near Barrow, Alaska, in June 1975 with a modified Nolan-Pollack small-particle detector. The concentrations varied from 50 to 300 particles cm^-3 depending upon meteorological conditions. The mean Aitken nuclei count was 100 particles cm^-3 for diameters greater than 2 x 10^-3 μm. Transmission electron micrographs of aerosols in maritime air near Barrow were taken. The size range was measured to be 0.01 to 2.5 μm in diameter with the most frequently observed diameter being 0.04 μm. The volume of the maritime air and the collection efficiency of aerosol particles on filmed grids for electron microscopy were measured. The aerosol concentrations were found to be 76 to 101 particles cm^-3 ; the mean concentration was calculated to be 87 particles cm^-3. The aerosol particles in the maritime air were identified by electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction analysis. About 20% of the aerosol particles were identified, and 80% of the particles were too small for electron diffraction analysis. Sea salt particles constituted 2% of the total, and clay minerals 3%; these particles were considered to be of natural origin. Solid combustion by-products such as coagulated carbon particles and fly ash particles constituted 16%. Despite the comparative remoteness of the sampling site, the measurements indicate that many anthropogenic aerosols were found using an electron microscope.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 48 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-20
    Language: English
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  • 93
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/19
    In: CRREL Report, 78-19
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-19
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Previous work Methods and results Methods of analysis Salinity-chlorophyll a associations Discussion Comparison of ice and water column standing crops Estimated mass of ice associated chl. a Mechanism of ice algae formation in the Weddell Sea Differences between the biological environments of fast and drifting pack ice Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Species variations - ice and water column
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  • 94
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/17
    In: CRREL Report, 78-17
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: This investigation utilized historical and recent aerial photographs and satellite imagery in 1) estimating changes in positions of the high-water line and sea cliff break and base, in rates of accretion and/or erosion, and in volumes of transported sediment, and 2) providing a preliminary evaluation of the direction of littoral transport along the outer Cape Cod coast. Using aerial photographs acquired in 1938, 1952, 1971 and 1974 with manual photointerpretation techniques, changes in the distances from selected reference points to the cliff break, cliff base and the high-water line were measured. LANDSAT-1 and -2 imagery acquired from 1 September 1972 to 28 May 1975 was evaluated for use in determining the directions of littoral transport that are active the predominant amount of time. Although the imagery has been very useful for this purpose at other locations, it proved to be useless along the outer shore of Cape Cod. Largest net migrations of the high water line from 1938 to 1974 occurred in the northern and southern portions of this coast. The northern maximum high water line was 321.4 ft, the southern was 1794.6 ft. The central portion of the coast was generally more stable with changes varying from 6.8 to 157.6 ft. Cliff-base recession rates varied from 0.4 to 7.3 ft/yr. Maximum estimated net volume of sediment deposited per linear foot of beach from 1938 to 1974 was 334 yd^3 (based on 2 yd^3/ft of recession or accretion); maximum eroded was 914 yd^3. Changes in the configuration of spits were used to evaluate directions of littoral transport since suspended sediment concentrations were generally not sufficient to act as natural tracers of surface currents. Based on the literature and a determination of the portion of the coast perpendicular to the direction of dominant wave approach, the location of the nodal zone for predominant littoral directions of drift probably shifts between the area near Spectacle Pond and North Truro Air Force Station. This investigation has illustrated a photo interpretation technique that is useful in performing a reconnaissance of coastal change. The data obtained from this method can be used to supplement those acquired by ground surveys and are valid as first approximations for planning subsequent, more detailed surveys.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 49 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-17
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric units of measurement Introduction Background Previous investigations Analytical procedures Results and discussion Shoreline changes: High-water line Shoreline changes: Cliff recession Volumetric changes Nodal zone location and direction of littoral transport Error evaluation Summary and conclusions Future research Selected bibliography Appendix A: Maps of shoreline with overlays for 1938, 1952, 1971 and 1974 Appendix B: Supplementary data for estimating shoreline change
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  • 95
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/9
    In: CRREL Report, 78-9
    Description / Table of Contents: Large, simply supported beams of temperate lake ice were found, generally, to yield significantly higher flexural strengths than the same beams tested in the cantilever mode. Data support the view that a significant stress concentration may exist at the fixed corners of the cantilever beams. Maximum effects are experienced with beams of cold, brittle ice substantially free of structural imperfections; for this kind of ice the strength difference factor, here attributed to the effect of stress concentrations, may exceed 2.0; that is, simply supported beams test a factor of 2 or more stronger than the same beams tested in the cantilever mode. In ice that has undergone extensive thermal degradation, the stress concentration effect may be eliminated entirely. Simply supported beams generally yield higher strengths when the top surfaces are placed in tension. This behavior is attributed to differences in ice type; the fine-grained, crack-free top layer of snow-ice which constituted up to 50% of the ice cover in the current series of tests usually reacted more strongly in tension than the coarse-grained crack-prone bottom lake ice.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 14 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-9
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test sites and ice cover properties Beam testing Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 96
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/8
    In: CRREL Report, 78-8
    Description / Table of Contents: The interaction of a 5.1-GHz transverse electric surface wave with a dielectric slab is experimentally investigated. The wave is initially supported by a dielectric substrate resting upon a metallic ground-plane. A slab, made of the same dielectric material as the substrate and variable in height, is then placed upon the waveguide. The results for a small slab sitting on the substrate showed that the discontinuity was a very inefficient launcher of reflected surface waves. Investigations of these reflections with a trough waveguide showed that, for values of slab height comparable to the exponential decay height of the surface wave, the reflections remain very small. However, as the slab height is increased beyond the decay height, the reflected amplitude approaches the theoretical value for a plane wave reflected from the interface between air and the same dielectric. The results are applicable to surface wave methods of microwave deicing of wings and helicopter rotors.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-8
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Background Objective and procedure Theory of plane surface waves Waveguide design and characteristics Physical apparatus Frequency characteristics Spatial distribution of Ey above the guide Guide wave length Surface wave interaction with a slab discontinuity Experiments with a trough Discussion and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 97
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/7
    In: CRREL Report, 78-7
    Description / Table of Contents: The theory of non-coaxial in-plane plastic deformation of soils that obey the Coulomb yield criterion is presented. The constitutive equations are derived by use of the geometry of the Mohr circle and the theory of characteristic lines. It is found that, for solving a boundary value problem, the non-coaxial angle must be given such values that enable us to accommodate the presupposed type of flow in the given domain satisfying the given boundary conditions. The non-coaxial angle is contained in the constitutive equations as a parameter. Therefore, the plastic material obeying the Coulomb yield criterion is a singular material whose constitutive equations are not constant with material but are variable with flow conditions.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-7
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstrac Preface Introduction Analysis of stress Geometry of the Mohr circle Stress characteristic directions Analysis of strain rate Constitutive equations Strain-rate characteristic directions Constitutive geometry Strain-rate tensor The dyadic expression Plastic work rate Coordinate transformation Example The stress solution Velocity equations in the a-characteristic curvilinear coordinates The constant speed solution Velocity equations in the constant density region Solution in the first constant-density subregion Solution in the second constant-density subregion Solution in the passive region Conclusion Literature cited
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  • 98
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/5
    In: CRREL Report, 78-5
    Description / Table of Contents: The viscoelastic deflection of an infinite floating ice plate subjected to a circular load was solved, assuming the Maxwell-Voigt type four-element model. An effective method of numerical integration of the solution integrals was developed, of which each integrand contains a product of Bessel functions extending to infinity. The theoretical curve was fitted to the field data, but the material constants thus found varied with time and location.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 32 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-5
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction The problem The solution Method of numerical integration Ramp/steady loading Curve fitting to time lapse deflections Asymptotic deflection Deflection profiles Acknowledgement Literature cited Appendix I. Analytical background Appendix II. Computer programs, ramp time profiles and steady time profiles
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  • 99
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/3
    In: CRREL Report, 78-3
    Description / Table of Contents: The mathematical theory for the bearing capacity of river ice for vehicles is presented. The floating ice sheet is assumed to have simple supports at the shore line. Solutions are presented for loads uniformly distributed over circular and rectangular areas. Numerical evaluations are made for a number of vehicles and the results presented in graphical form
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 22 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-3
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Introduction Theory Solution by superposition Solution by Fourier integral Solution by Fourier series Application and results Literature cited Appendix A: Bearing capacity of river ice for military vehicles Appendix B: Vehicle specifications Appendix C: Fortran II computer program
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  • 100
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/1
    In: CRREL Report, 78-1
    Description / Table of Contents: The results of axial double point-load tests on disk samples of snow and ice obtained from the area of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, are presented. They show the effects of temperature, sample length, load point diameter and specific gravity on failure load. It was determined that 13 samples should be tested to obtain a representative mean strength index. The results show that the axial double point-load test has good possibilities as a rapid field test for determining the unconfined comrpessive strength of snow and ice but that further evaluation of the variables affecting test results must be made.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 11 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-1
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test procedure Test program Test samples Number of test for determining strength index Effect of temperature Effect of sample length Effect of load point size Tests on snow Discussion Recommendations Literature cited
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