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  • thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology  (1,259)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The present Special Issue brings together recent research findings from renowned scientists in the field of water treatment and assembled contributions on advanced technologies applied to the treatment of wastewater and drinking water, with emphasis on novel membrane treatment technologies. 12 research contributions have highlighted various processes and technologies, which can achieve effective treatment and purification of wastewater and of drinking water, aiming (occasionally) for water reuse. The main topics which are analyzed are the use of novel type membranes in bioreactors, the use of modified membranes, for example using vacuum membrane distillation, the fouling of membranes, the problem of arsenic, antimony and chromium contamination in groundwaters and its removal and the use of novel technologies for more efficient ozonation.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TA170-171 ; hollow fiber membranes ; modeling ; small sized powdered ferric hydroxide ; ceramic membranes ; multiphase ; antimony treatment ; winery effluents ; fouling ; municipal wastewater sludge ; particle size distribution ; ultrafiltration ; coagulation ; HA–BSA mixtures ; Sb(III) ; water treatment ; chromate ; separation ; backwash duration ; water crisis ; adsorption ; dewatering ; hexavalent chromium ; arsenic adsorption ; polydimethylsiloxane ; vacuum membrane distillation ; co-treatment ; desalination ; arsenic ; mass transfer ; produced water treatment ; membranes ; process control ; membrane resistance ; granular ferric hydroxide ; ozonation ; Membrane Bioreactor ; hollow fibre ; crossflow membrane filtration ; microfiltration ; membrane filtration ; xDLVO theory ; Fe-based coagulants ; wastewater treatment ; cake resistance ; Sb(V) ; peroxone ; temperature ; drinking water ; trickling biofilter ; natural organic matter (NOM) ; antimony ; second cheese whey ; sodium alginate ; optical sensors ; bioethanol recovery ; membrane fouling ; interaction energy ; TMP ; adsorption kinetics ; water matrix ; multivariate statistics ; polluted waters ; natural organic matter ; operation ; solution conditions ; biofilm membrane bioreactor ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The discipline of Synthetic Biology has recently emerged at the interface of biology and engineering. The definition of Synthetic Biology has been dynamic over time ever since, which exemplifies that the field is rapidly moving and comprises a broad range of research areas. In the frame of this Research Topic, we focus on Synthetic Biology approaches that aim at rearranging biological parts/ entities in order to generate novel biochemical functions with inherent metabolic activity. This Research Topic encompasses Pathway Engineering in living systems as well as the in vitro assembly of biomolecules into nano- and microscale bioreactors. Both, the engineering of metabolic pathways in vivo, as well as the conceptualization of bioreactors in vitro, require rational design of assembled synthetic pathways and depend on careful selection of individual biological functions and their optimization. Mathematical modelling has proven to be a powerful tool in predicting metabolic flux in living and artificial systems, although modelling approaches have to cope with a limitation in experimentally verified, reliable input variables. This Research Topic puts special emphasis on the vital role of modelling approaches for Synthetic Biology, i.e. the predictive power of mathematical simulations for (i) the manipulation of existing pathways and (ii) the establishment of novel pathways in vivo as well as (iii) the translation of model predictions into the design of synthetic assemblies.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; TP248.13-248.65 ; Metabolic Engineering ; reconstitution ; molecular dynamics simulations ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; Protein Engineering ; Protein scaffolds ; metabolite profiling ; Interaction domains ; Metabolic Modelling ; Starch biosynthesis ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Biomedical imaging is the key technique and process to create informative images of the human body or other organic structures for clinical purposes or medical science. Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology has demonstrated enormous potential in biomedical imaging applications due to its outstanding advantages of, for instance, miniaturization, high speed, higher resolution, and convenience of batch fabrication. There are many advancements and breakthroughs developing in the academic community, and there are a few challenges raised accordingly upon the designs, structures, fabrication, integration, and applications of MEMS for all kinds of biomedical imaging. This Special Issue aims to collate and showcase research papers, short commutations, perspectives, and insightful review articles from esteemed colleagues that demonstrate: (1) original works on the topic of MEMS components or devices based on various kinds of mechanisms for biomedical imaging; and (2) new developments and potentials of applying MEMS technology of any kind in biomedical imaging. The objective of this special session is to provide insightful information regarding the technological advancements for the researchers in the community.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; micromachining ; n/a ; capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) ; transducer ; gold nanoparticles ; cantilever waveguide ; push-pull actuator ; MEMS mirror ; chemo-FET ; ultrahigh frequency ultrasonic transducer ; fluorescence ; lead-free piezoelectric materials ; acoustics ; bioimaging ; scanner ; micro-optics ; MEMS ; microendoscopy ; ego-motion estimation ; rib waveguide ; electromagnetically-driven ; two-photon ; Lissajous scanning ; fabrication ; microwave resonator ; finite element simulation ; noise figure ; imaging ; modelling ; Si lens ; microwave remote sensing ; piezoelectric array ; smart hydrogels ; bio-FET ; surface micromachining ; tilted microcoil ; near-field microwave ; electrochemical sensors ; potentiometric sensor ; photoacoustic imaging ; micromachined US transducer ; electrostatic actuator ; polyimide capillary ; high frequency ultrasonic transducer ; microring resonator ; ultrasonic transducer ; ultrasonic imaging ; indoor navigation ; optical scanner ; scale ambiguity ; bio-sensors ; non-resonating scanner ; wide-filed imaging ; confocal ; acoustic delay line ; tight focus ; miniaturized microscope ; monocular camera ; low noise amplifier (LNA) ; in vivo ; capacitive ; high spatial resolution ; sensing ; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) ; needle-type ; display ; pseudo-resonant ; MEMS actuators ; microtechnology ; metal oxide field-effect transistor ; transduction techniques ; MEMS scanning mirror ; 3D Printing ; photoacoustic ; chemo-sensor ; in vitro ; wearable sensors ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Electronic engineering and design innovation are both academic and practical engineering fields that involve systematic technological materialization through scientific principles and engineering designs. Technological innovation via electronic engineering includes electrical circuits and devices, computer science and engineering, communications and information processing, and electrical engineering communications. The Special Issue selected excellent papers presented at the International Conference on Knowledge Innovation and Invention 2018 (IEEE ICKII 2018) on the topic of electronics and their applications. This conference was held on Jeju Island, South Korea, 23–27 July 2018, and it provided a unified communication platform for researchers from all over the world. The main goal of this Special Issue titled “Selected papers from IEEE ICKII 2018” is to discover new scientific knowledge relevant to the topic of electronics and their applications.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; bandpass filter ; total harmonic distortion (THD) ; long short term memory (LSTM) ; integrated passive device ; intertwined spiral inductor ; global navigation satellite system (GNSS) ; hardware in the loop (HIL) ; interdigital capacitor ; inertial navigation system (INS) ; finite-time convergence control (FTCC) ; digital speckle correlation measurement method ; discrete grey prediction model (DGPM) ; interior permanent magnet synchronous motor ; fuzzy logic ; full pixel search algorithm ; maximum torque per voltage (MTPV) ; spiral capacitor ; gated recurrent unit (GRU) ; chattering ; microelectronics system (MEMS) ; field weakening ; maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) ; hardware implementation ; AC power supply ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In a modern technological society, electronic engineering and design innovations are both academic and practical engineering fields that involve systematic technological materialization through scientific principles and engineering designs. Engineers and designers must work together with a variety of other professionals in their quest to find systems solutions to complex problems. Rapid advances in science and technology have broadened the horizons of engineering while simultaneously creating a multitude of challenging problems in every aspect of modern life. Current research is interdisciplinary in nature, reflecting a combination of concepts and methods that often span several areas of mechanics, mathematics, electrical engineering, control engineering, and other scientific disciplines. In addition, the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Knowledge Innovation and Invention 2019 (IEEE ICKII 2019) was held in Seoul, South Korea, on 12–15 July, 2019. This book, “Intelligent Electronic Devices”, includes 13 excellent papers form 260 papers presented in this conference about intelligent electronic devices. The main goals of this book were to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible and to provide new scientific knowledge relevant to the topics of electronics.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; wearable robot ; electrical circuits and devices ; threshold voltage ; broadcast circuit ; dual-input converter ; built-in self-test ; n-channel lateral diffused MOSFET (nLDMOS) ; multi-robots ; current-voltage characteristics ; actuator ; electromagnetic interference ; sound recognition module ; brushless DC motor ; tabu search ; transmission-line pulse system (TLP system) ; skeletal feature representation ; communications and information processing ; 180-degree conduction ; mosquitoes ; regions with convolutional neural network (R-CNN) ; oscillator ; secondary freeform lens device (SFLD) ; low-dosed ; ZnO-based nanowires ; adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) ; galvanic isolation ; lateral diffusion MOS (LDMOS) ; non-uniform conduction ; photoluminescence properties ; Aedes albopictus ; test pattern generation ; stearic ; high-definition multimedia interface ; sensorless motor drive ; PCB layout ; leakage energy recycling ; latchup (LU) ; Aedes aegypti ; secondary breakdown current (It2) ; 6-DOF robot arm ; lower limb exoskeleton ; as low as diagnostically acceptable (ALADA) ; voltage-controlled oscillator ; Eu3+ and In3+ ions ; electromagnetic lock ; computer science and engineering ; holding voltage (Vh) ; low cost ; voltage clamping ; cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) ; selective anatomy analytic iteration reconstruction (SA2IR) ; action quality assessment ; diagnostic ability ; high voltage gain ; laser pointer ; sparse projections ; speed control ; multiple simple current mirror ; human activity analysis ; path programming ; negative differential resistance ; drift region ; electrostatic discharge (ESD) ; radiation resistance ; hydrothermal method ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted much attention from society, industry and academia as a promising technology that can enhance day to day activities, and the creation of new business models, products and services, and serve as a broad source of research topics and ideas. A future digital society is envisioned, composed of numerous wireless connected sensors and devices. Driven by huge demand, the massive IoT (mIoT) or massive machine type communication (mMTC) has been identified as one of the three main communication scenarios for 5G. In addition to connectivity, computing and storage and data management are also long-standing issues for low-cost devices and sensors. The book is a collection of outstanding technical research and industrial papers covering new research results, with a wide range of features within the 5G-and-beyond framework. It provides a range of discussions of the major research challenges and achievements within this topic.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; fog computing ; heterogeneous networks ; distributed mechanism ; energy efficiency ; scheduling ; CSMA ; throughput ; grant-free ; D2D communication ; MAC ; Industrial Internet of Things ; estimation ; 5G ; survey ; liquid detection ; power control ; sensor ; SINR ; radio propagation ; MU association ; Raspberry Pi ; reliability ; latency ; deterministic ; Industry 4.0 ; stochastic geometry ; dielectric constant ; Cyber Physical System ; IoT ; successive interference cancellation ; URLLC ; end-to-end delay ; resource allocation ; polynomial interpolation ; industrial automation ; cloud computing ; mMTC ; smart factory ; deployment ; ultra-reliable and low-latency communications ; PHY ; aperiodic traffic ; NB-IoT ; irregular repetition slotted ALOHA ; edge computing ; time-critical ; eMBB ; medium access control ; M2M ; Internet of Things ; internet of things ; sensor network ; random access ; smart devices ; non-orthogonal multiple access ; USRP ; WCI ; narrowband ; congestion ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Bionanoparticles such as microorganisms and exosomes are recoganized as important targets for clinical applications, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Other nanoscale biological particles, includeing liposomes, micelles, and functionalized polymeric particles are widely used in nanomedicines. The recent deveopment of microfluidic and nanofluidic technologies has enabled the separation and anslysis of these species in a lab-on-a-chip platform, while there are still many challenges to address before these analytical tools can be adopted in practice. For example, the complex matrices within which these species reside in create a high background for their detection. Their small dimension and often low concentration demand creative strategies to amplify the sensing signal and enhance the detection speed. This Special Issue aims to recruit recent discoveries and developments of micro- and nanofluidic strategies for the processing and analysis of biological nanoparticles. The collection of papers will hopefully bring out more innovative ideas and fundamental insights to overcome the hurdles faced in the separation and detection of bionanoparticles.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; magnetic field ; microfluidic device ; ballpoint pen printing ; paper-based microfluidic device ; online analysis ; nanoporous membrane ; dielectric film ; digital microfluidic chip ; HIV diagnostics ; precipitation ; optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) ; digital microfluidic device ; fluorescence ; ferrofluids ; cancer metastasis ; flow focusing ; image processing ; electrowetting ; light diffraction ; lensfree ; nanoparticle characterization ; multi-step assay ; cell isolation ; biomarker detection ; microparticles ; conductive electrode ; single particle analysis ; plastic wrap ; second-hand smoke ; flow control ; surface acoustic wave ; droplet actuation ; circulating tumour cells (CTCs) ; lipid nanoparticles ; crop disease ; cross-flow filtration ; oxidized hollow mesoporous carbon nanosphere ; microfluidic systems ; 3-ethenylpyridine ; microfluidic ; microfluidics ; COMSOL ; plug flow mixer ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Optical microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), microoptoelectromechanical systems (MOEMS), or optical microsystems are devices or systems that interact with light through actuation or sensing at a micro- or millimeter scale. Optical MEMS have had enormous commercial success in projectors, displays, and fiberoptic communications. The best-known example is Texas Instruments’ digital micromirror devices (DMDs). The development of optical MEMS was impeded seriously by the Telecom Bubble in 2000. Fortunately, DMDs grew their market size even in that economy downturn. Meanwhile, in the last one and half decade, the optical MEMS market has been slowly but steadily recovering. During this time, the major technological change was the shift of thin-film polysilicon microstructures to single-crystal–silicon microsructures. Especially in the last few years, cloud data centers are demanding large-port optical cross connects (OXCs) and autonomous driving looks for miniature LiDAR, and virtual reality/augmented reality (VR/AR) demands tiny optical scanners. This is a new wave of opportunities for optical MEMS. Furthermore, several research institutes around the world have been developing MOEMS devices for extreme applications (very fine tailoring of light beam in terms of phase, intensity, or wavelength) and/or extreme environments (vacuum, cryogenic temperatures) for many years. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on (1) novel design, fabrication, control, and modeling of optical MEMS devices based on all kinds of actuation/sensing mechanisms; and (2) new developments of applying optical MEMS devices of any kind in consumer electronics, optical communications, industry, biology, medicine, agriculture, physics, astronomy, space, or defense.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; stray light ; input shaping ; n/a ; wavefront sensing ; signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ; LC micro-lenses controlled electrically ; infrared ; intraoperative microscope ; MEMS mirror ; MLSSP ; ocular aberrations ; MEMS scanning micromirror ; electrothermal actuation ; electrothermal bimorph ; open-loop control ; wavelength dependent loss (WDL) ; NIR fluorescence ; infrared Fabry–Perot (FP) filtering ; two-photon ; resonant MEMS scanner ; residual oscillation ; 3D measurement ; parametric resonance ; digital micromirror device ; quality map ; metalens ; flame retardant 4 (FR4) ; angle sensor ; optical switch ; metasurface ; vibration noise ; optical coherence tomography ; spectrometer ; reliability ; quasistatic actuation ; Huygens’ metalens ; confocal ; large reflection variations ; electrostatic ; dual-mode liquid-crystal (LC) device ; field of view (FOV) ; scanning micromirror ; fluorescence confocal ; variable optical attenuator (VOA) ; micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) ; microscanner ; laser stripe width ; polarization dependent loss (PDL) ; fringe projection ; 2D Lissajous ; usable scan range ; laser stripe scanning ; bio-optical imaging ; MEMS scanning mirror ; digital micromirror device (DMD) ; Cu/W bimorph ; echelle grating ; achromatic ; DMD chip ; tunable fiber laser ; programmable spectral filter ; higher-order modes ; electromagnetic actuator ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The rapid proliferation of the Internet has been driving communication networks closer and closer to their limits, while available bandwidth is disappearing due to an ever-increasing network load. Over the past decade, optical fiber communication technology has increased per fiber data rate from 10 Tb/s to exceeding 10 Pb/s. The major explosion came after the maturity of coherent detection and advanced digital signal processing (DSP). DSP has played a critical role in accommodating channel impairments mitigation, enabling advanced modulation formats for spectral efficiency transmission and realizing flexible bandwidth. This book aims to explore novel, advanced DSP techniques to enable multi-Tb/s/channel optical transmission to address pressing bandwidth and power-efficiency demands. It provides state-of-the-art advances and future perspectives of DSP as well.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; equalization ; n/a ; space division multiplexing ; multi-input multi-output ; mode-division multiplexing ; mode-dependent loss ; caching ; neural network ; mitigation of optical transceiver impairments ; four-level pulse amplitude modulation ; least mean squares ; frequency-domain equalization ; nonlinearity compensation ; optical fiber communication ; optical communication ; modulators ; digital signal processing ; quadrature phase-shift keying ; space–time block-coding ; pointing error ; Device to Device ; fiber optics communications ; cycle-slip ; coherent communications ; coherent communication ; pluggable module ; recursive least squares ; data center interconnect ; average symbol length ; pulse position modulation–binary phase shift keying–subcarrier intensity modulation (PPM–BPSK–SIM) ; 400 Gigabit Ethernet ; direct detection ; QSFP-DD transceiver ; low-density parity-check (LDPC) ; coherent detection ; free space optical (FSO) ; carrier phase estimation ; optical communications ; bit error rate (BER) ; machine learning ; fiber optics links and subsystems ; short-reach optical links ; Indian Buffet Process ; pilot-aided-phase-unwrap ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The presence of drops, bubbles, and particles affects the behavior and response of complex multiphase fluids. In many applications, these complex fluids have more than one non-Newtonian component, e.g., polymer melts, liquid crystals, and blood plasma. In fact, most fluids exhibit non-Newtonian behaviors, such as yield stress, viscoelastity, viscoplasticity, shear thinning, or shear thickening, under certain flow conditions. Even in the complex fluids composed of Newtonian components, the coupling between different components and the evolution of internal boundaries often lead to a complex rheology. Thus the dynamics of drops, bubbles, and particles in both Newtonian fluids and non-Newtonian fluids are crucial to the understanding of the macroscopic behavior of complex fluids. This Special Issue aims to gather a wide variety of papers that focus on drop, bubble and particle dynamics in complex fluids. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, drop deformation, rising drops, pair-wise drop interactions, drop migration in channel flows, and the interaction of particles with flow systems such as pastes and slurries, glasses, suspensions, and emulsions. We emphasize numerical simulations, but also welcome experimental and theoretical contributions.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; drop ; encapsulation ; n/a ; frictional effects ; fluidized beds ; Maxwell stress tensor method ; conformal map ; viscoelasticity ; distributed Lagrange multiplier method ; direct numerical simulations ; DEM/CFD simulations ; Taylor cone ; electrified fluids ; emulsion microstructure ; point-dipole method ; droplet velocity model ; genetic algorithms ; droplet excess velocity ; sedimentation ; Taylor flow ; monomodal–bimodal distributions ; drop size distribution ; dielectrophoresis ; migration ; Euler/Lagrange approach ; greybox modeling ; microfluidics ; cusp instability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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