ALBERT

Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.

Note: John Parnell: Geofluids: introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:vii-ix, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.01 --- W.S. Fyfe: The water inventory of the Earth: fluids and tectonics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:1-7, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.02 --- Large-Scale Fluid Flow --- R. Van Balen and S. Cloetingh: Tectonic control of the sedimentary record and stress-induced fluid flow: constraints from basin modelling / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:9-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.03 --- David Deming: Fluid flow and heat transport in the upper continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:27-42, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.04 --- Alan M. Jessop and Jacek A. Majorowicz: Fluid flow and heat transfer in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:43-54, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.05 --- G. Neil Phillips, Patrick J. Williams, and Geoffrey De Jong: The nature of metamorphic fluids and significance for metal exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:55-68, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.06 --- Deformation and Fluid Flow --- Richard H. Sibson: Crustal stress, faulting and fluid flow / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:69-84, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.07 --- R. Muir Wood: Earthquakes, strain-cycling and the mobilization of fluids / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:85-98, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.08 --- R.J. Knipe and A.M. McCaig: Microstructural and microchemical consequences of fluid flow in deforming rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:99-111, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.09 --- E.L. Stephenson, A.J. Maltman, and R.J. Knipe: Fluid flow in actively deforming sediments: ‘dynamic permeability’ in accretionary prisms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:113-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.10 --- Fluid Flow and Reservoir Evolution --- Knut Bjørlykke: Fluid-flow processes and diagenesis in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:127-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.11 --- P.S. Ringrose and P.W.M. Corbett: Controls on two-phase fluid flow in heterogeneous sandstones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:141-150, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.12 --- Fluid Chemistry; Metal-Organic Interactions --- Jeffrey S. Hanor: Origin of saline fluids in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:151-174, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.13 --- Thomas H. Giordano and Yousif K. Kharaka: Organic ligand distribution and speciation in sedimentary basin brines, diagenetic fluids and related ore solutions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:175-202, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.14 --- Royston H. Filby: Origin and nature of trace element species in crude oils, bitumens and kerogens: implications for correlation and other geochemical studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:203-219, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.15 --- Keith Nicholson: Fluid chemistry and hydrological regimes in geothermal systems: a possible link between gold-depositing and hydrocarbon-bearing aqueous systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:221-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.16 --- Fluid Evolution: Migration and Precipitation of Hydrocarbons and Metals --- Ulrich Mann: An integrated approach to the study of primary petroleum migration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:233-260, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.17 --- Bernd R.T. Simoneit: Organic matter alteration and fluid migration in hydrothermal systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:261-274, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.18 --- John Parnell: Hydrocarbons and other fluids: paragenesis, interactions and exploration potential inferred from petrographic studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:275-291, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.19 --- Anthony D. Fowler: The role of geopressure zones in the formation of hydrothermal Pb-Zn Mississippi Valley type mineralization in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:293-300, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.20 --- R. Metcalfe, C.A. Rochelle, D. Savage, and J.W. Higgo: Fluid-rock interactions during continental red bed diagenesis: implications for theoretical models of mineralization in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:301-324, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.21 --- Tracers of Fluid Evolution --- I.R. Duddy, P.F. Green, R.J. Bray, and K.A. Hegarty: Recognition of the thermal effects of fluid flow in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:325-345, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.22 --- C.J. Ballentine and R.K. O’nions: The use of natural He, Ne and Ar isotopes to study hydrocarbon-related fluid provenance, migration and mass balance in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:347-361, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.23

Note: CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF SILICA AND ITS STUFFED DERIVATIVES Chapter 1. Structure and Chemistry of the Low-Pressure Silica Polymorphs by Peter J. Heaney, p. 1 - 40 Chapter 2. High-Pressure Behavior of Silica by Russell J. Hemley, Charles T. Prewitt, and Kathleen J. Kingma, p. 41 - 82 Chapter 3. Stuffed Derivatives of the Silica Polymorphs by David C. Palmer, p. 83 - 122 SILICA in the GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Chapter 4. Hydrogen Speciation and Chemical Weakening of Quartz by Andreas A. Kronenberg, p. 123 - 176 Chapter 5. Preferred Orientation Patterns in Deformed Quartzites by Hans-Rudolf Wenk, p. 177 - 208 Chapter 6. Structural Characteristics of Opaline and Microcrystalline Silica Minerals by Heribert Graetsch, p. 209 - 232 Chapter 7. Petrogenesis of Chert by L. Paul Knauth, p. 233 - 258 Chapter 8. Silica-Water Interactions by Patricia M. Dove and J. Donald Rimstidt, p. 259 - 308 PHYSICAL BEHAVIOR of SILICA Chapter 9. Thermochemistry of Crystalline and Amorphous Silica by Alexandra Navrotsky, p. 309 - 330 Chapter 10. The Elusive SiO Bond by Gerald V. Gibbs, James W. Downs, and Monte B. Boisen Jr., p. 331 - 368 Chapter 11. First-Principles Theory of Crystalline SiO2 by Ronald E. Cohen, p. 369 - 402 Chapter 12. Lattice Dynamical Behavior of Anhydrous Silica by Gerard Dolino and Marcel Vallade, p. 403 - 432 Chapter 13. Colored Varieties of the Silica Minerals by George R. Rossman, p. 433 - 468 SILICA as an INDUSTRIAL MATERIAL Chapter 14. Industrial Applications of Silica by George H. Beall, p. 469 - 506 Chapter 15. Silica Zeolites and Clathrasils by John B. Higgins, p. 507 - 544 Chapter 16. Health Effects of Silica Dust Exposure by David F. Goldsmith, p. 545 - 606

Note: Zugl.: Kiel, Univ., Habil., 1993 u.d.T.: Energy requirements of the pygoscelid penguins

Note: Contents Preface Notation The governing physical laws 1.1 The first law of thermodynamics 1.2 Conservation of matter 1.3 Newton's second law of motion 1.4 Coordinate systems 1.5 Hydrostatic balance and its implications 1.6 Vorticity 1.7 The quasi-geostrophic approximation 1.8 Potential vorticity and the omega equation 1.9 Ertel's potential vorticity 1.10 Problems 2 Observing and modelling global circulations 2.1 Averaging the atmosphere 2.2 The global observing network 2.3 Numerical weather prediction models 2.4 The analysis-forecast cycle 2.5 Global circulation models 2.6 Problems 3 The atmospheric heat engine 3.1 Global energy balance 3.2 Local radiative balance 3.3 Thermodynamics of fluid motion 3.4 Observed atmospheric heating 3.5 Problems 4 The zonal mean meridional circulation 4.1 Observational basis 4.2 The Held-Hou model of the Hadley circulation 4.3 More realistic models of the Hadley circulation 4.4 Zonal mean circulation in midlatitudes 4.5 A Lagrangian view of the meridional circulation 4.6 Problems 5 Transient disturbances in the midlatitudes 5.1 Timescales of atmospheric motion 5.2 The structure of transient eddies 5.3 Atmospheric energetics 5.4 Theories of baroclinic instability 5.5 Baroclinic lifecycles and high frequency transients 5.6 Problems 6 Wave propagation and steady eddies 6.1 Observations of steady eddies 6.2 Barotropic model 6.3 Application to observed steady eddies 6.4 Vertical propagation of Rossby waves 6.5 The Eliassen-Palm flux 6.6 Eliassen-Palm fluxes and baroclinic lifecycles 6.7 Problems 7 Three-dimensional aspects of the global circulation 7.1 Zonal variations in the tropics 7.2 Monsoon circulations 7.3 Midlatitude storm zones and jets 7.4 Interactions between transient and steady eddies 7.5 The global transport of water vapour 7.6 Problems 8 Low frequency variability of the circulation 8.1 Low frequency transients 8.2 Teleconnection-patterns 8.3 Stratospheric oscillations 8.4 Intraseasonal oscillation 8.5 The Southern Oscillation 8.6 Blocking of the midlatitude flow 8.7 Chaos and ultra low frequency variability 8.8 Problems 9 The stratosphere 9.1 The seasonal cycle of the stratospheric circulation 9.2 Wave propagation and mean flow interactions 9.3 The production and transport of ozone 9.4 Exchange of matter across the tropopause 9.5 Problems 10 Planetary atmospheres and other fluid systems 10.1 Major influences on planetary circulations 10.2 Terrestrial circulations 10.3 Slowly rotating atmospheres 10.4 The atmospheric circulation of the giant planets 10.5 Large scale ocean circulation 10.6 Laboratory systems 10.7 Problems Appendix Solutions to Problems Bibliography References Index

Note: Contents: Preface. - Acknowledgements. - Glossary. - G.1 Abbreviations of mineral names used in the text. - G.2 Other abbreviations and symbols used in the text. - 1 Geochemical data. - 1.1 lntroduction. - 1.2 Geological processes and their geochemical signatures. - 1.2.1 Processes which control the chemical composition of igneous rocks. - 1.2.2 Processes which control the chemical composition of sedimentary rocks. - 1.2.3 Processes which control the chemical composition of metamorphic rocks. - 1.3 Geological controls on geochemical data. - 1.4 Analytical methods in geochemistry. - 1.4.1 X-ray fluorescence (XRF). - 1.4.2 Neutron activation analysis (INAA and RNAA). - 1.4.3 lnductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP). - 1.4.4 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). - 1.4.5 Mass spectrometry. - Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). - lnductively coupled plasma emission mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). - Spark source mass spectrometry (SSMS). - 1.4.6 Electron microprobe analysis. - 1.4.7 The ion microprobe. - 1.5 Selecting an appropriate analytical technique. - 1.6 Sources of error in geochemical analysis. - 1.6.1 Cantamination. - 1.6.2 CaIibration. - 1.6.3 Peak overlap. - 1.6.4 Detecting errors in geochemical data. - 2 Analysing geochemical data. - 2.1 lntroduction. - 2.2 Averages. - 2.3 Correlation. - 2.3.1 The correlation coefficient. - 2.3.2 The significance of the correlation coefficient (r). - 2.3.3 Assumptions in the calculation of the product-moment coefficient of correlation. - 2.3.4 Spearman rank correlation. - 2.3.5 Correlation matrices. - 2.3.6 Correlation coefficient patterns. - 2.4 Regression. - 2.4.1 Ordinary least squares regression. - 2.4.2 Reduced major axis regression. - 2.4.3 Weighted least squares regression. - 2.4.4 Robust regression. - 2.4.5 Some problems with traditional approaches to correlation and regression. - 2.5 Ratio correlation. - 2.5.1 An example of the improper use of ratio correlation - Pearce element ratio diagrams. - 2.5.2 Application to trace element diagrams. - 2.5.3 Ratio correlation in isotope geology. - 2.6 The constant sum problern. - 2.6.1 The consequences of closure. - Correlating compositional data. - The means of compositional data-sets. - Invalid escape routes. - 2.6.2 Aitchison's solution to the constant sum effect. - An example - basalts from Kilauea lki Iava Iake, Hawaii . - The interpretation of log-ratios. - 2.7 The interpretation of trends on triangular diagrams. - 2.8 Principal component analysis. - 2.9 Discriminant analysis. - 2.9.1 An example from igneous petrology. - 2.9.2 Other applications of discriminant analysis. - 2.10 Whither geochemical data analysis?. - 3 Using major element data. - 3.1 lntroduction. - 3.2 Rock classification. - 3.2.1 Classifying igneous rocks using oxide-oxide plots. - The total alkalis-silica diagram (TAS). - (a) Using TAS with volcanic rocks. - (b) A TAS diagram for plutonic rocks. - (c) Discrimination between the alkaline and subalkaline rock series using TAS. - The K2O vs SiO2 diagram for the Subdivision of the subalkaline series. - 3.2.2 Classifying igneous rocks using the norm. - Cation norms. - Norm calculations and the oxidation state of iron. - Basalt classification using the Ne-Di-Ol-Hy-Q diagram of Thompson (1984). - Granite classification using the Ab-An-Or diagram of O'Connor (1965). - The Q'(F' )- ANOR diagram of Streckeisen and Le Maitre (1979). - 3.2.3 Classifying igneous rocks using cations. - The R1-R2 diagram of de Ia Roche et al. (1980). - The Jensen cation plot (Jensen, 1976). - 3.2.4 The chemical classification of sedimentary rocks. - Arenite/wacke. - Mudrocks. - 3.2.5 Discussion. - 3.3 Variation diagrams. - 3.3.1 Recognizing geochemical processes on a major element variation diagram. - Fractional crystallization. - Assimilation and fractional crystallization. - Partial melting. - Mixing lines in sedimentary rocks. - The identification of former weathering conditions from sedimentary rocks. - Mixing in metamorphic rocks. - Element mobility. - Artificial trends. - 3.3.2 Selecting a variation diagram. - Bivariate plots. - (a) Harker diagrams - bivariate plots using SiO2 along the x-axis. - (b) Bivariate plots which use MgO on the x-axis. - (c) Bivariate plots using cations. - (d) Bivariate plots using the magnesium number. - Triangular variation diagrams. - (a) The AFM diagram. - (b) Problems in the use of the AFM diagram. - 3.3.3 lnterpreting trends on variation diagrams. - Extract calculations. - Addition-subtraction diagrams. - Trends showing an inflection. - Scattered trends. - A computer-based approach to mixing calculations. - 3.3.4 Modelling major element processes in igneous rocks. - 3.3.5 Discussion. - 3.4 Diagrams on which rock chemistry can be plotted together with experimentally determined phase boundaries. - 3.4.1 The normative albite-orthoclase-quartz diagram -the 'granite system'. - Water-undersaturated equilibria. - The presence of anorthite. - 3.4.2 The silica-undersaturated portion of the normative nepheline-kalsilite-silica diagram - the 'nepheline syenite system'. - 3.4.3 Basaltic experimental systems. - CMAS diagrams. - (a) Projecting rock compositions into CMAS. - (b) Interpreting CMAS diagrams. - Diagrams based upon the Yoder-Tilley (1962) CIPW normative tetrahedron. - (a) Projections in the tholeiite basalt tetrahedron OI-PI-Di-Q. - (b) The normative Ne-Di-OI-Hy-Q diagram. - (c) The low-pressure tholeiitic basalt phase diagram (Cox et al., 1979). - (d) Problems with CIPW normative projections. - 3.4.4 Experimental systems for calc-alkaline rocks. - The olivine-clinopyroxene-silica projection of Grove et al. (1982). - The projections of Baker and Eggler (1983, 1987). - 3.4.5 Discussion. - Chapter 4 Using trace element data. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.1.1 Classification of trace elements according to their geochemical behaviour. - Trace element groupings in the periodic table. - Trace element behaviour in magmatic systems. - 4.2 Controls on trace element distribution. - 4.2.1 Partition coefficients. - Measuring partition coefficients. - Physical controls on the value of partition coefficients in mineral-melt systems. - (a) Composition. - (b) Temperature. - (c) Pressure. - (d) Oxygen activity. - (e) Crystal chemistry. - (f) Water content of the melt. - (g) Selecting a partition coefficient. - Partition coefficients in basalts and basaltic andesites. - Partition coefficients in andesites. - Partition coefficients in dacites and rhyolites. - 4.2.2 Geological controls on the distribution of trace elements. - Element mobility. - Partial melting. - (a) Batch melting. - (b) Fractional melting. - Crystal fractionation. - (a) Equilibrium crystallization. - (b) Fractional crystallization/Rayleigh fractionation. - (c) In situ crystallization. - Contamination. - (a) AFC processes. - (b) Zone refining. - Dynamic models. - (a) Dynamic melting. - (b) The RTF magma chamber. - Sedimentary processes. - 4.3 Rare earth elements (REE). - 4.3.1 The chemistry of the REE. - 4.3.2 Presenting REE data. - (a) Difficulties with chondrite normalization. - (b) Choosing a set of normalizing values. - REE ratio diagrams. - NASC normalization for sediments. - Rock normalization. - 4.3.3 Interpreting REE patterns. - REE patterns in igneous rocks. - REE patterns in sea and river water. - REE patterns in sedirnents. - (a) Clastic sediments. - (b) Chemical sediments. - 4.4 Normalized multi-element diagrams or incompatible element diagrams (spider diagrams). - 4.4.1 Multi-element diagrams for igneous rocks. - Primordial (primitive) mantle-normalized spider diagrams. - Chondrite-normalized spider diagrams. - MORB-normalized spider diagrams. - Which spider diagrams do we use?. - Interpreting multi-element diagrams for igneous rocks. - 4.4.2 Multi-element diagrams for sediments. - Interpreting multi-element diagrams for sediments. - 4.5 Platinum metal group element (PGE) plots. - 4.5.1 Presenting PGE data. - Chondrite normalization. -Primitive mantle normali

Note: Chapter 1. Volcanic-Gas Studies: Methods, Results, and Applications by Robert B. Symonds, William I. Rose, Gregg J. S. Bluth, and Terrence M. Gerlach, p. 1 - 66 Chapter 2. Analytical Methods for Volatiles in Glasses by Phillip D. Ihinger, Richard L. Hervig, and Paul F. McMillan, p. 67 - 122 Chapter 3. Development of the Burnham Model for Prediction of H2O Solubility in Magmas by C. Wayne Burnham, p. 123 - 130 Chapter 4. Water Solubility and Speciation Models by Paul F. McMillan, p. 131 - 156 Chapter 5. Experimental Studies of Carbon Dioxide in Silicate Melts: Solubility, Speciation, and Stable Carbon Isotope Behavior by Jennifer G. Blank, and Richard A. Brooker, p. 157 - 186 Chapter 6. Application of Experimental Results to C-O-H Species in Natural Melts by John R. Holloway and Jennifer G. Blank, p. 187 - 230 Chapter 7. Solubilities of Sulfur, Noble Gases, Nitrogen, Chlorine, and Fluorine in Magmas by Michael R. Carroll and James D. Webster, p. 231 - 280 Chapter 8. Pre-Eruptive Volatile Contents of Magmas by Marie C. Johnson, Alfred T. Anderson, Jr., and Malcolm J. Rutherford, p. 281 - 330 Chapter 9. The Effect of H2O, CO2 and F on the Density and Viscosity of Silicate Melts by Rebecca A. Lange, p. 331 - 370 Chapter 10. Diffusion in Volatile-Bearing Magmas by E. Bruce Watson, p. 371 - 412 Chapter 11a. Physical Aspects of Magmatic Degassing I. Experimental and Theoretical Constraints on Vesiculation by R. Stephen J. Sparks, Jenni Barclay, Claude Jaupart, Heidy M. Mader, and J. C. Phillips, p. 413 - 446 Chapter 11b. Physical Aspects of Magmatic Degassing II. Constraints on Vesiculation Processes from Textural Studies of Eruptive Products by Katherine V. Cashman, and Margaret T. Mangan, p. 447 - 478 Chapter 12. Earth Degassing and Large-Scale Geochemical Cycling of Volatile Elements by Albert Jambon, p. 479 - 518

Note: Contents Preface Acknowledgments Organizing Committee Welcome / Richard Asselin Opening / Dick Arnold Papers Review of the Classification of Permafrost-Affected Soils In the United States and Canada / R.J. Ahrens, C.A.S. Smith, J.P. Moore, and L. Ratliff Thermic Control on Soil Formation In Northeastern Asia and Probable Effects of Global Change / A. V. Alfimov, G.G. Mazhitova, and D.I. Bennan Gellsols: A New Proposed Order for Permafrost-Affected Soils / J.G. Bockheim, C.L. Ping, J.P. Moore, and J.M. Kimble Traces of Plelstocene Periglacial Processes and their recent Presence in Relief of the Republic of Croatia / Andrija Bognar Micromorphology of Permafrost-Affected Soils / Catherine A. Fox Relic Features In Recent Tundra Soli Profiles and Tundra Soils Classification / S.V. Gubin The Main Regularities of Soil Formation on Calcareous Rocks of the North / D.Ye. Konyushkov Permafrost-Affected Soils and Cryopeclology / Oleg V. Makeev The Main Soli Types In Northeastern Eurasia / Ye. M. Naumov Characterization of Organic Carbon, Using the 813C·value of a Permafrost Site In the Kolyma.Jndigirka·Lowland, Northeast Siberia / E-M. Pfeiffer and H. Janssen Reflection of Bedrock on the Soil Geochemistry and Weathering In the Tundra Region of Northernmost Finland / M.L. Räisänen Permafrost Dynamics and Soli Formation / Y.L. Shur and C.L. Ping Soil Cover of the North of Russia and Its Cartographic Modeling / I.A. Sokolov, Ye.M. Naumov, and D. Ye. Konyushkov Soils and Landscapes of the Upper Kobuk Valley, Alaska / David K. Swanson Genesis of Permafrost-Affected Soils / Charles Tamocai The Peculiar Features of Microstructure and Genesis of Cryosols of the Permafrost Regions of Russia / T.V. Tursina Mineralogical and Particle-Size Relationships of Two Alluvial Soils from Alaska / M.A. Wilson, W.C. Lynn, D.W. Moser, and A.B. Sarata Frozen Soils of China / Zhao Qi-guo and Wang Hao-qing Appendix 1: Tour Sites Appendix 2: Work Groups Appendix 3: Proposed Gelisol Order

Note: Contents: Preface. - PART I THE ELEMENTS OF AIR POLLUTION. - 1 The History of Air Pollution. - I. Before the Industrial Revolution. - II. The Industrial Revolution. - Ill. The Twentieth Century. - IV. The 1980s. - V. The 1990s. - VI. The Future. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 2 The Natural versus Polluted Atmosphere. - I. The Atmosphere. - II. Unpolluted Air. - Ill. Particulate Matter. - IV. Concepts. - IV. Personnel. - V. Advisory Groups. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 3 Scales of the Air Pollution Problem. - I. Local. - II. Urban. - Ill. Regional. - IV. Continental. - V. Global. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 4 Air Quality. - I. Averaging Time. - II. Cycles. - Ill. Primary and Secondary Pollutants. - IV. Measurement Systems. - V. Air Quality Levels. - Reference. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 5 The Philosophy of Air Pollution Control. - I. Strategy and Tactics-The Air Pollution System. - II. Episode Control. - Ill. Air Quality Management Control Strategy. - IV. Alternative Control Strategies. - V. Economic Considerations. - Reference. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 6 Sources of Air Pollution. - I. General. - II. Combustion. - Ill. Stationary Sources. - IV. Mobile Sources. - V. Emission Inventory. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - PART II THE EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION. - 7 Effects on Human Health and Welfare. - I. Air-Water-Soil Interactions. - II. Total Body Burden. - Ill. The Human Respiratory System. - IV. Impact of Air Pollution on Humans. - V. Impact of Odor on Humans. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 8 Effects on Vegetation and Animals. - I. Injury versus Damage. - II. Effects on Vegetation and Crops. - Ill. Effects on Forests. - IV. Effects on Animals. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 9 Effects on Materials and Structures. - I. Effects on Metals. - II. Effects on Stone. - Ill. Effects on Fabrics and Dyes. - IV. Effects on Leather, Paper, Paint, and Glass. - V. Effects on Rubber. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 10 Effects on the Atmosphere, Soil, and Water Bodies. - I. The Physics of Visibility. - II. Formation of Atmospheric Haze. - Ill. Effects of Atmospheric Haze. - IV. Visibility. - V. Acidic Deposition. - VI. Effects of Acidic Deposition. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 11 Long-Term Effects on the Planet. - I. Global Warming. - II. Ozone Holes. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - PART III MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING OF AIR POLLUTION. - 12 Atmospheric Chemistry. - I. Types of Atmospheric Chemical Transformations. - II. Role of Solar Radiation in Atmospheric Chemistry. - Ill. Gas-Phase Chemical Reaction Pathways. - IV. Heterogeneous Reactions. - V. Scavenging and Removal from the Atmosphere. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 13 Ambient Air Sampling. - I. Elements of a Sampling System. - II. Sampling Systems for Gaseous Pollutants. - Ill. Sampling Systems for Particulate Pollutants and PM10. - IV. Static Sampling Systems. - V. Sampler Siting Requirements. - VI. Sampling for Air Toxics. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 14 Ambient Air Pollutants: Analysis and Measurement. - I. Analysis and Measurement of Gaseous Pollutants. - II. Analysis and Measurement of Particulate Pollutants. - Ill. Analysis and Measurement of Odors. - IV. Analysis and Measurement of Visibility. - V. Analysis and Measurement of Acidic Deposition. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 15 Air Pollution Monitoring and Surveillance. - I. Stationary Monitoring Networks. - II. Mobile Monitoring and Surveillance. - Ill. Remote Sensing. - IV. Quality Assurance. - V. Data Analysis and Display. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 16 Air Pathways from Hazardous Waste Sites. - I. Introduction. - II. Multimedia Transport. - Ill. Contaminant Fate Analysis. - IV. Modeling. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - PART IV THE METEOROLOGY OF AIR POLLUTION. - 17 The Physics of the Atmosphere. - I. Sun, Atmosphere System, and Heat Balance. - II. Stability and Instability. - Ill. Laws of Motion. - IV. Local Wind Systems. - V. General Circulation. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 18 The Meteorological Bases of Atmospheric Pollution. - I. Ventilation. - II. Stagnation. - Ill. Meterological Conditions during Historic Pollution Episodes. - IV. Effects of Pollution on the Atmosphere. - V. Removal Mechanisms. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 19 Transport and Dispersion of Air Pollutants. - I. Wind Velocity. - II. Turbulence. - Ill. Estimating Concentrations from Point Sources. - IV. Dispersion Instrumentation. - V. Atmospheric Tracers. - VI. Concentration Variation with Averaging Time. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 20 Air Pollution Modeling and Prediction. - I. Plume Rise. - II. Modeling Techniques. - Ill. Modeling Nonreactive Pollutants. - IV. Modeling Pollutant Transformations. - V. Model Performance, Accuracy, and Utilization. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 21 Air Pollution Climatology. - I. Sources of Data. - II. Representativeness. - Ill. Frequency of Atmospheric Stagnations. - IV. Ventilation Climatology. - V. Wind and Pollution Roses. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - PART V THE REGULATORY CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION. - 22 Air Quality Criteria and Standards. - I. Air Quality Criteria. - II. Conversion of Effects Data and Criteria to Standards. - Ill. Conversion of Physical Data and Criteria to Standards. - IV. Conversion of Biological Data and Criteria to Standards. - V. Air Quality Standards. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 23 Indoor Air Quality. - I. Changing Times. - II. Factors Influencing Indoor Air Quality. - Ill. Indoor Air Pollutants. - IV. Effects of Indoor Air Pollutants. - V. Control of Indoor Pollutants. - References. - Suggested Readings. - Questions. - 24 The U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. - I. Introduction. - II. Titles. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 25 Emission Standards. - I. Subjective Standards. - II. Objective Standards. - Ill. Types of Emission Standards. - IV. Variant Forms of Emission Standards. - V. Means for Implementing Emission Standards. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 26 The Elements of Regulatory Control. - I. Control of New Stationary Sources. - II. Control of Existing Stationary Sources. - Ill. Control of Mobile Sources. - IV. Air Quality Control Regions. - V. Tall Stacks and Intermittent and Supplementary Control Systems. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 27 Organizations for Air Pollution Control. - I. Functions. - II. Organization. - Ill. Finance. - IV. Personnel. - V. Advisory Groups. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - PART VI THE ENGINEERING CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION. - 28 Engineering Control Concepts. - I. Introduction. - II. Process Change. - Ill. Fuel Change. - IV. Pollution Removal. - V. Disposal of Pollutants. - VI. Pollution Prevention. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 29 Control Devices and Systems. - I. Introduction. - II. Removal of Dry Particulate Matter. - Ill. Removal of Liquid Droplets and Mists. - IV. Removal of Gaseous Pollutants. - V. Removal of Odors. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - 30 Control of Stationary Sources. - I. Introduction. - II. Energy, Power, and Incineration. - Ill. Chemical and Metallurgical Industries. - IV. Agriculture and Forest Products Industries. - V. Other Industrial Processes. - References. - Suggested Reading. - Questions. - Control of Mobile Sources. - I. Introduction. - II. Gasoline-Powered Vehicles. - Ill. Diesel-Powered Vehicles. - IV. Gas Turbines and J

Note: Contents: Topographische und thematische Karten zur Ergebnisdarstellung der Spitzbergen-Expedition (SPE) 1990-1992 / K. BRUNNER & G. HELL. - Geodätische Arbeiten zur Untersttitzung der SPE-Teilprojekte / P. RAWIEL & S. RESSING. - Geologie und tektonische Entwicklung der Germaniahalvøya, Haakon VII Land, NW-Spitzbergen (Svalbard) / K. PIEPJOHN, & F. THIEDIG. - Zur jungquartären Vereisungsgeschichte und Landschaftsentwicklung in NW-Spitzbergen (Liefde-, Bock- und Woodfjord) / W. D. BLÜMEL, J. EBERLE & B. EITEL. - Zur Gletschergeschichte des Liefdefjords/NW-Spitzbergen / G. FURRER. - First results of structural and sedimentological investigations in the Liefdefjord and Woodfjord (northern Spitsbergen) / E. A. KROEMER, R. MÄUSBACHER, J. MÜLLER & R. SCHACHT. - Zur Entwicklung der postglazialen Sedimentation im Bereich des Liefdefjordes, NW-Spitzbergen / R. BAUMHAUER, & U. GLASER. - Evolution and age of shorelines along Woodfiord, northern Spitsbergen / H. BRÜCKNER & R. A. HALFAR. - Geomorphologische Kartierung der Germania Halvøya am Liefdefjorden (Nordwest-Spitzbergen) mit optischen Fernerkundungsdaten / G. STÄBLEIN & V. HOCHSCHILD. - Recent fluvial sediment budgets in glacial and periglacial environments, NW Spitsbergen / D. BARSCH, M. GUDE, R. MÄUSBACHER, G. SCHUKRAFT & A. SCHULTE. - Glacial dynamics, material transfer and sedimentation of Erikbreen and Hannabreen, Liefdefjorden, northern Spitsbergen / J. L. SOLLID, B. ETZELMÜLLER, G. VATNE & R. S. ØDEGARD. - Glaziologie und Glazialmorphologie des Liefde- und Bockfjordgebietes, NW-Spitzbergen / L. KING & M. VOLK. - Saisonaler Verlauf des Vorfluterchemismus im Kvikkåa-Einzugsgebiet (Liefdefjorden, NW-Spitzbergen) / M. POTSCHIN & H. LESER. - Terrain as an important controlling factor for climatological, meteorological and hydrological processes in NW-Spitsbergen / D. SCHERER & E. PARLOW. - Frostbodenformen im inneren Woodfjord, NW-Spitsbergen / D. THANNHEISER & I. MÖLLER. - Vegetationsgeographisch-synsoziologische Untersuchungen am Liefdefjord (NW-Spitzbergen) / D. THANNHEISER. - Vegetationsdecke und ökologischer Feuchtegrad als Indikatoren für solifluidale Prozesse in hocharktischen Ökosystemen des Liefdefjordes (NW-Spitzbergen) / E. SCHMITT. - Die Kartierung der Bodengesellschaften auf der Germania-Halbinsel (Liefdefjord/Spitzbergen) - Vorgehensweise, Abgrenzungskriterien und Bodensystematik / J. EBERLE & W. D. BLÜMEL. - Merkmale chemischer Verwitterung in hochpolaren Böden - Ergebnisse pedologisch-sedimentologischer Untersuchungen in NW-Spitzbergen / W. D. BLÜMEL & J. EBERLE. - Humuszustand und typische Humusprofile bei Böden der oligotrophen Tundra NW-Spitzbergens / L. WEBER & W. D. BLÜMEL. - The pattern of carbon-mineralisation in the high-arctic Tundra (Western and Northern Spitsbergen) as an expression of landscape ecologic environment heterogeneity / CH. WÜTHRICH, C. DÖBELI, D. SCHAUB & H. LESER. - Aufbau, Zerfall und Bedeutung der Meereisdecke am Liefdefjord, NW-Spitzbergen / L. KING & J. KNIES. , Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl.

Note: Zugl.: Kiel, Univ., Diss., 1994

Note: Table of Contents: 1. The TRANSDRIFT l Expedition: A Multidisciplinary Russian-Gerrnan Approach to Study the Complex System of the Laptev Sea. - 1.1 Course of the Expedition. - 1.2 Navigation. - 1.3 Ice Conditions in the Laptev Sea. - 2. Meteorological Studies. - 2.1 Processes of Air-Sea Interaction in the Laptev Sea. - 3. Oceanographic studies. - 3.1 Therrnohaline and Dynarnic Water Structure in the Laptev Sea. - 4. Hydrochernical Studies. - 4.1 Hydrochernical Structure of the Laptev Sea. - 4.2 Studies of Water Pollution. - 4.3 Radiochemical Observations. - 5. Biological Studies. - 5.1 Hydrobiological Investigations in the Laptev Sea. - 5.2 Ecological Studies in the Laptev Sea. - 6. Geological Investigations. - 6.1 Geosystem Laptev Sea. - 6.2 Dynamic Geological Shelf Processes - Implications From Side-Scan-Sonar Observations. - 6.3 Sediment Distribution in the Laptev Sea. - 6.4 Physical Properties of Near-Surface Sediments in the Laptev Sea. - 6.5 Ecological-Geochemical Studies. - 6.6 Geochemistry. - 6.7 Pore Water Geochemistry. - 6.8 All Year Round Sea-Floor Temperature and Conductivity Measurements. - 7. Conclusions. - 8. Acknowledgements. - 9. References. - 10. Appendix. - List of Participants of the TRANSDRIFT l Expedition. - Station List of the TRANSDRIFT l Expedition. - Description of Sediment Cores Taken During the TRANSDRIFT l Expedition. - Geological Sampling and Sedimentological Analyses Carried out During the TRANSDRIFT l Expedition. - Shipboard Geological Sampling Programme. - Results of Smear Slide Analyses Carried out on Board RV Ivan Kireye.