ALBERT

Note: Chapter 1. Rate Laws of Chemical Reactions by Antonio C. Lasaga, p. 1 - 68 Chapter 2. Dynamic Treatment of Geochemical Cycles: Global Kinetics by Antonio C. Lasaga, p. 69 - 110 Chapter 3. Kinetics of Weathering and Diagenesis by Robert A. Berner, p. 111 - 134 Chapter 4. Transition State Theory by Antonio C. Lasaga, p. 135 - 170 Chapter 5. Irreversible Thermodynamics in Petrology by George W. Fisher and Antonio C. Lasaga, p. 171 - 210 Chapter 6. Diffusion in Electrolyte Mixtures by David E. Anderson, p. 211 - 260 Chapter 7. The Atomistic Basis of Kinetics: Defects in Minerals by Antonio C. Lasaga, p. 261 - 320 Chapter 8. Kinetics of Crystallization of Igneous Rocks by R. James Kirkpatrick, p. 321 - 398

Note: In kyrill. Schr. - Legende russ. u. engl.

Note: The Economic-Legal System and the Role of Property Rights: An Introduction ; 1 Foundation Stones: Politically-Based Versus Judge-Made Law ; Efficiency ; Two Basic Propositions ; Two Major Theorems on Property Rights ; 2 Society's Machinery: Coordination and Constitutions ; Markets and Firms ; Political Processes ; 3 Property, Breach of Contract, Tort, Crime: Formalized Property Rights ; Injunctions ; Damages or Punishment? ; Negligence: The Simplest Case ; Joint Responsibility ; Intent, Strict Liability, Insurance ; The Stringency of Sanctions ; The Behavior of Disputant Parties and Courts ; 4 Contracts, Companies, Regulation: Contracts: Problems and Solutions ; The Contractual and Legal Structure of Firms ; Limits of Freedom of Contract ; 5 Epilogue: Conclusions and Final Comments

Note: Table of Contents: 1. Data description. - Origin. - Changes in Operational Analysis Systems. - Geopotential grid processing. - Temperature, wind and wave flux calculations. - 2. Statistical calculations. - 3. References. - 4. Results. - Monthly average meridional cross sections. - Means and variances of zonal mean winds, temperatures and wave fluxes, plus stationary and transient wave statistics. - Hemispheric polar projections for January, April, July and October. - Mean geopotential height, temperature, wind speed and daily geopotential variance maps for 700, 500, 300, 100, 50, 10 and 1 mb. - Ensemble average latitude-time diagrams. - Zonal mean winds and temperatures, and stationary and transient eddy geopotential height, temperature and wave flux quantities. - Ensemble average height-time diagrams. - Zonal mean winds and temperatures, and stationary and transient eddy geopotential heights and temperatures. - Latitude-time and height-time diagrams of zonal winds and rms geopotential, height wave amplitudes for individual years 1979-1990. - Tables of monthly mean temperatures and zonal winds.

Note: Univ., Diplomarbeit--Bochum, 1992

Note: 1 INTRODUCTION 9 --- 1.1 General Remarks 11 --- 1.2 Remote Sensing and Forest Damage 11 --- 1.3 Aerial and terrestrial Inventory 13 --- 2 COLOUR-INFRARED FILM 15 --- 2.1 General characteristics of films 17 --- 2.1.1 Film structure and dimensions 17 --- 2.1.2 Image structure characteristics 17 --- 2.1.3 Sensitometric characteristics 17 --- 2.1.4 Other characteristics 19 --- 2.2 Film material 19 --- 2.2.1 Characteristics of KODAK Aerochrome II Infrared 2443 (second edition) 19 --- 2.2.1.1 Properties 19 --- 2.2.1.2 Film handling and processing for small format cameras 21 --- 2.2.1.3 Control and standardisation of colour quality 21 --- 2.2.2 Characteristics of KODAK Aerochrome II Infrared Special Order 134 22 --- 2.2.3 Characteristics of other CIR- film material 22 --- 2.3 General recommendations 22 --- 2.3.1 Storage of unexposed films 22 --- 2.3.2 Processing of exposed film 23 --- 2.3.3 Clearance 23 --- 2.3.4 Storage of the aerial photographs and organisation of a library 23 --- 3 FLIGHT PARAMETERS 25 --- 3.1 Preliminary remarks 27 --- 3.2 Equipment and Material 27 --- 3.2.1 The aircraft 27 --- 3.2.2 The camera 27 --- 3.3 Pre-flight planning and flight conditions 29 --- 3.4 Call for tenders and the contract for the aerial photography 31 --- 4 INVENTORY CONCEPT 35 --- 4.1 Preliminary remarks 37 --- 4.2 Selection criteria foran inventory concept 37 --- 4.3 Systematics for forest damage inventories 38 --- 4.4 Inventory concepts for inventories on a regional or countrywide scale 38 --- 4.4.1 One-stage sampling 39 --- 4.4.2 Multistage Sampling 39 --- 4.4.2.1 Sample Level: Aerial photography 39 --- 4.4.2.2 Sample Level: Aerial photographs to be evaluated 41 --- 4.4.2.3 Sample Level: Sample points to be selected 42 --- 4.4.2.4 Sample Level: Selection of trees 43 --- 4.5 Inventories for forest districts or local areas 44 --- 4.5.1 One-stage sampling 44 --- 4.5.2 Two-stage sampling 46 --- 4.6 Assessment and monitoring of permanent test sites and specific stands 47 --- 4.6.1 General remarks 47 --- 4.6.2 Inventory concept 47 --- 4.6.3 How to find the test site in aerial photographs 47 --- 4.6.4 General evaluation techniques 48 --- 4.6.5 Application of terrestrial photographs 49 --- 4.6.6 The application of remote sensing to the intensive monitoring of forest ecosystems (Level 2 Programme) 50 --- 4.6.6.1 Description of each option 50 --- 4.6.6.2 Repetition 53 --- 4.6.6.3 Output 53 --- 4.6.6.4 Critical review of aerial photography versus terrestrial survey 54 --- 5 PHOTOINTERPRETATION 57 --- 5.1 Interpretation of CIR aerial photographs for the assessment of forest conditions 59 --- 5.1.1 Preliminary-remark 59 --- 5.1.2. Requirements 59 --- 5.1.3 Applicability 60 --- 5.1.4 Construction of Interpretation Keys 60 --- 5.1.5 Main criteria of classification 60 --- 5.1.5.1 Crown thinning characteristics 60 --- 5.1.5.2 Chlorosis characteristics 61 --- 5.1.5.3 Special characteristics 61 --- 5.1.6 Verification and adjustment 62 --- 5.1.7 Glossary 62 --- 5.2 Interpretation Keys for the assessment of crown condition of European tree species 65 --- 5.2.1 Interpretation Key for Norway Spruce (Picea abies) 65 --- 5.2.2 Interpretation Key for Beech (Fagus sylvatica) 77 --- 5.2.3 Interpretation Key for Oak (Quercus robur, Quercus petrea) 85 --- 5.2.4 Interpretation Key for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) 93 --- 5.2.5 Interpretation Key for Silver Fir (Abies alba) 103 --- 5.2.6 Interpretation Key for Turkey Oak (Quercus cerris) 111 --- 5.2.7 Interpretation Key for European Chestnut (Castanea sativa) 117 --- 5.2.8 Interpretation Key for Holm Oak (Quercus ilex) 123 --- 5.2.9 Interpretation Key for Machia 129 --- 5.2.10 Interpretation Key for Umbrella Pine (Pinus pinea) 135 --- 5.2.11 Interpretation Key for Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis) 141 --- 5.2.12 Interpretation Key for Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) 147 --- 5.2.13 Interpretation Key for Black Pine (Pinus nigra, var.austriaca) 153 --- 5.2.14 Interpretation Key for Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta) 157 --- 5.2.15 Interpretation Key for Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis) 163 --- 5.2.16 Interpretation Key for European Larch (Larix decidua) 169 --- 5.2.17 Interpretation Key for Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) 175 --- 5.3 Interpretation Key for stand damage levels in medium scaled CIR- aerial photographs. 181 --- 5.4 Interpretation key for determining the natural age class of forest stands 185 --- 5.5 Compilation of additional Interpretation Keys 193 --- 5.6 Requirement profile for aerial photograph - interpreters and their training 194 --- 5.7 Preparation of interpretation work 195 --- 5.8 Conduction of interpretation work 196 --- 5.8.1 Perception and interpretation of aerial photographs 196 --- 5.8.2 Control check of the interpretation 197 --- 5.9 Visual interpretation versus densitometric measurement 198 --- 5.10 Interpretation instruments 198 --- 6 STATISTICS 201 --- 6.1 Statistical analysis 203 --- 6.1.1 Selection of single trees 203 --- 6.1.2 Selection of trees on sample plots 204 --- 6.1.3 Confidence intervals for more than 2 classes 204 --- 6.1.4 Sample size for estimating proportions 205 --- 6.2 Estimation of changes over time 206 --- 6.2.1 Overlap of confidence intervals 206 --- 6.2.2 Proportion of plots or trees without any change 207 --- 6.2.3 Change matrices 207 --- 6.2.4 Coefficients of agreement 208 --- 6.3 Spatial statistics 210 --- 6.4 Statistical software 210 --- 7 Bibliography 211

Note: Translated from the Japanese

Note: Kaiserslautern, Technische Universität, Dissertation, 2003 (Nicht für den Austausch)

Note: Zugl.: Kaiserslautern, Univ., Habil., 2002

Note: Contents: Preface to the eighth edition. - Acknowledgements. - 1 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY. - A The atmosphere. - B Solar energy. - C Global circulation. - D Climatology. - E Mid-latitude disturbances. - F Tropical weather. - G Palaeoclimates. - H The global climate system. - 2 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION, MASS AND STRUCTURE. - A Composition of the atmosphere. - 1 Primary gases. - 2 Greenhouse gases. - 3 Reactive gas species. - 4 Aerosols. - 5 Variations with height. - 6 Variations with latitude and season. - 7 Variations with time. - B Mass of the atmosphere. - 1 Total pressure. - 2 Vapour pressure C The layering of the atmosphere. - 1 Troposphere. - 2 Stratosphere. - 3 Mesosphere. - 4 Thermosphere. - 5 Exosphere and magnetosphere. - 3 SOLAR RADIATION AND THE GLOBAL ENERGY BUDGET. - A Solar radiation. - 1 Solar output. - 2 Distance from the sun. - 3 Altitude of the sun. - 4 Length of day. - B Surface receipt of solar radiation and its effects. - 1 Energy transfer within the earth-atmosphere system. - 2 Effect of the atmosphere. - 3 Effect of cloud cover. - 4 Effect of latitude. - 5 Effect ofland and sea. - 6 Effect of elevation and aspect. - 7 Variation of free-air temperature with height. - C Terrestrial infra-red radiation and the greenhouse effect. - D Heat budget of the earth. - E Atmospheric energy and horizontal heat transport. - 1 The horizontal transport of heat. - 2 Spatial pattern of the heat budget components. - 4 ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE BUDGET. - A The global hydrological cycle. - B Humidity. - 1 Moisture content. - 2 Moisture transport. - C Evaporation. - D Condensation. - E Precipitation characteristics and measurement. - 1 Forms of precipitation. - 2 Precipitation characteristics. - a Rainfall intensity. - b Areal extent of a rainstorm. - c Frequency of rainstorms. - 3 The world pattern of precipitation. - 4 Regional variations in the altitudinal maximum of precipitation. - 5 Drought. - 5 ATMOSPHERIC INSTABILITY, CLOUD FORMATION AND PRECIPITATION PROCESSES. - A Adiabatic temperature changes. - B Condensation level. - C Air stability and instability. - D Cloud formation. - 1 Condensation nuclei. - 2 Cloud types. - 3 Global cloud cover. - E Formation of precipitation. - 1 Bergeron-Findeisen theory. - 2 Coalescence theories. - 3 Solid precipitation. - F Precipitation types. - 1 'Convective type' precipitation. - 2 'Cyclonic type' precipitation. - 3 Orographic precipitation. - G Thunderstorms. - 1 Development. - 2 Cloud electrification and lightning. - 6 ATMOSPHERIC MOTION: PRINCIPLES. - A Laws of horizontal motion. - 1 The pressure-gradient force. - 2 The earth's rotational deflective (Coriolis) force. - 3 The geostrophic wind. - 4 The centripetal acceleration. - 5 Frictional forces and the planetary boundary layer. - B Divergence, vertical motion and vorticity. - 1 Divergence. - 2 Vertical motion. - 3 Vorticity. - C Local winds. - 1 Mountain and valley winds. - 2 Land and sea breezes. - 3 Winds due to topographic barriers. - 7 PLANETARY-SCALE MOTIONS IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN. - A Variation of pressure and wind velocity with height. - 1 The vertical variation of pressure systems. - 2 Mean upper-air patterns. - 3 Upper wind conditions. - 4 Surface pressure conditions. - B The global wind belts. - 1 The trade winds. - 2 The equatorial westerlies. - 3 The mid-latitude (Ferrel) westerlies. - 4 The polar easterlies. - C The general circulation. - 1 Circulations in the vertical and horizontal planes. - 2 Variations in the circulation of the northern hemisphere. - a Zonal index variations. - b North Atlantic Oscillation. - D Ocean structure and circulation. - 1 Above the thermocline. - a Vertical. - b Horizontal. - 2 Deep ocean water interactions. - a Upwelling. - b Deep ocean circulation. - 3 The oceans and atmospheric regulation. - 8 NUMERICAL MODELS OF THE GENERAL CIRCULATION, CLIMATE AND WEATHER PREDICTION / T. N. Chase and R. G. Barry. - A Fundamentals of the GCM. - B Model simulations. - 1 GCMs. - 2 Simpler models. - 3 Regional models. - C Data sources for forecasting. - D Numerical weather prediction. - 1 Short- and medium-range forecasting. - 2 'Nowcasting'. - 3 Long-range outlooks. - 9 MID-LATITUDE SYNOPTIC AND MESOSCALE SYSTEMS. - A The airmass concept. - B Nature of the source area. - 1 Cold airmasses. - 2 Warm airmasses. - C Airmass modification. - 1 Mechanisms of modification. - a Thermodynamic changes. - b Dynamic changes. - 2 The results of modification: secondary airmasses. - a Cold air. - b Warm air. - 3 The age of the airmass. - D Frontogenesis. - 1 Frontal waves. - 2 The frontal-wave depression. - E Frontal characteristics. - 1 The warm front. - 2 The cold front. - 3 The occlusion. - 4 Frontal-wave families. - F Zones of wave development and frontogenesis. - G Surface/upper-air relationships and the formation of frontal cyclones. - H Non-frontal depressions. - 1 The lee cyclone. - 2 The thermal low. - 3 Polar air depressions. - 4 The cold low. - I Mesoscale convective systems. - 10 WEATHER AND CLIMATE IN MIDDLE AND HIGH LATITUDES. - A Europe. - 1 Pressure and wind conditions. - 2 Oceanicity and continentality. - 3 British airflow patterns and their climatic characteristics. - 4 Singularities and natural seasons. - 5 Synoptic anomalies. - 6 Topographic effects. - B North America. - 1 Pressure systems. - 2 The temperate west coast and Cordillera. - 3 Interior and eastern North America. - a Continental and oceanic influences. - b Warm and cold spells. - c Precipitation and the moisture balance. - C The subtropical margins. - 1 The semi-arid southwestern United States. - 2 The interior southeastern United States. - 3 The Mediterranean. - 4 North Africa. - 5 Australasia. - D High latitudes. - 1 The southern westerlies. - 2 The sub-Arctic. - 3 The polar regions. - a The Arctic. - b Antarctica. - 11 TROPICAL WEATHER AND CLIMATE. - A The intertropical convergence. - B Tropical disturbances. - 1 Wave disturbances. - 2 Cyclones. - a Hurricanes and typhoons. - b Other tropical disturbances. - 3 Tropical cloud clusters. - C The Asian monsoon. - 1 Winter. - 2 Spring. - 3 Early summer. - 4 Summer. - 5 Autumn. - D East Asian and Australian summer monsoons. - E Central and southern Africa. - 1 The African monsoon. - 2 Southern Africa. - F Amazonia. - G El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. - 1 The Pacific Ocean. - 2 Teleconnections. - H Other sources of climatic variations in the tropics. - 1 Cool ocean currents. - 2 Topographic effects. - 3 Diurnal variations. - I Forecasting tropical weather. - 1 Short- and extended-range forecasts. - 2 Long-range forecasts. - 12 BOUNDARY LAYER CLIMATES. - A Surface energy budgets. - B Non-vegetated natural surfaces. - 1 Rock and sand. - 2 Water. - 3 Snow and ice C Vegetated surfaces. - 1 Short green crops. - 2 Forests. - a Modification of energy transfers. - b Modification of airflow. - c Modification of the humidity environment. - d Modification of the thermal environment. - D Urban surfaces. - 1 Modification of atmospheric composition. - a Aerosols. - b Gases. - c Pollution distribution and impacts. - 2 Modification of the heat budget. - a Atmospheric composition. - b Urban surfaces. - c Human heat production. - d Heat islands. - 3 Modification of surface characteristics. - a Airflow. - b Moisture. - 4 Tropical urban climates. - 13 CLIMATE CHANGE. - A General considerations. - B Climate forcings and feedbacks. - 1 External forcing. - 2 Short-term forcing and feedback. - C The climatic record. - 1 The geological record. - 2 Late glacial and post-glacial conditions. - 3 The past 1000 years. - D Possible causes of recent climatic change. - 1 Circulation changes. - 2 Energy budgets. - 3 Anthropogenic factors. - E Model s

Note: Contents: Introduction. - 1 Atmosphere: Origin, Composition, and Structure. - Understanding the Atmosphere. - Evolution of the Atmosphere. - Probing the Atmosphere. - Temperature Profile of the Atmosphere. - The Ionosphere and the Aurora. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: The Martian Atmosphere. - Special Topic: The Ionosphere and Radio Transmission. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 2 Radiation. - Electromagnetic Radiation. - Radiation Laws. - Input of Solar Radiation. - Solar Radiation and the Atmosphere. - The Ozone Shield. - Solar Radiation and the Earth's Surface. - Solar Radiation Budget. - Infrared Response and the Greenhouse Effect. - Radiation Measurement. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Why Is the Sky Blue?. - Special Topic: The Hazards of Sunbathing. - Weather Fact: Greenhouse Effect on Mars and Venus. - Mathematical Note: Blackbody Radiation Laws. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Quantitative Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 3 Heat and Temperature. - Distinguishing Heat and Temperature. - Temperature Scales. - Temperature Measurement. - Heat Units. - Transport of Heat. - Specific Heat. - Heating and Cooling Degree-days. - Windchill. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Temperature and Human Comfort. - Special Topic: Temperature and Crop Yields. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Quantitative Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 4 Heat Imbalances and Weather. - Heat Imbalance: Atmosphere Versus Earth's Surface. - Heat Imbalance: Variation by Latitude. - Weather: Response to Heat Imbalances. - Variation of Air Temperature. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: The Unique Thermal Properties of Water. - Special Topic: Solar Power. - Weather Fact: Why Mountaintops Are Cold. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions . - Quantitative Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 5 Air Pressure. - Defining Air Pressure. - Pressure Balance. - Variation with Altitude. - Horizontal Variations. - Highs and Lows. - Air Pressure Measurement. - Pressure Units. - The Gas Law. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Human Response to Changes in Air Pressure. - Special Topic: Altimetry. - Mathematical Note: The Gas Law. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 6 Humidity and Stability. - The Hydrologic Cycle. - How Humid Is It?. - The Saturation Concept. - Relative Humidity. - Humidification. - Humidity Measurement. - Achieving Saturation. - Atmospheric Stability. - Lifting Processes. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Humidity and Human Comfort. - Special Topic: Clouds by Mixing. - Weather Fact: The Rainiest Place on Earth. - Mathematical Note: Energy Conservation and the Dry Adiabatic Process. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Quantitative Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 7 Dew, Frost, Fog, and Clouds. - Low-Level Saturation Processes. - Cloud Development. - Classification of Clouds. - Unusual Clouds. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Freeze Prevention. - Special Topic: Jack Frost and Autumn Color. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Quantitative Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 8 Precipitation, Weather Modification, and Atmospheric Optics. - Precipitation Processes. - Forms of Precipitation. - Precipitation Measurement. - Weather Modification. - Atmospheric Optics. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: When Is It Too Cold or Too Warm to Snow?. - Special Topic: Mirages. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Quantitative Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 9 The Wind. - The Forces. - Joining Forces. - Continuity of Wind. - Scales of Weather Systems. - Wind Pressure. - Wind Measurement. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Wind Power. - Special Topic: Wind Gusts, Wind Shear, and Atmospheric Stability. - Weather Fact: The Windiest Place on Earth. - Mathematical Note: Geostrophic and Gradient Winds. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 10 Planetary-Scale Circulation. - Idealized Circulation Pattern. - Pressure Systems and Wind Belts. - Upper-Air Westerlies. - El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). - Conclusions. - Special Topic: The ENSO Event of 1982-83. - Mathematical Note: The Polar Front and the Midlatitude Jet Stream. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 11 Air Masses, Fronts, Cyclones, and Anticyclones by Patrìda M. Pauley. - Air Masses. - Frontal Weather. - Midlatitude Cyclones. - Anticyclones. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: The Case of the Missing Storm. - Mathematical Note: Vorticity. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 12 Local and Regional Circulation Systems. - Monsoons. - Land and Sea (or Lake) Breezes. - Lake-Effect Snows. - Heat Island Circulation. - Katabatic Winds. - Chinook Winds. - Desert Winds. - Mountain and Valley Breezes. - Conclusion. - Special Topic: Monsoon Failure and Drought in Sub-Saharan Africa. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 13 Thunderstorms. - Thunderstorm Life Cycle. - Thunderstorm Genesis. - Geographical Distribution. - Severe Thunderstorms. - Thunderstorm Hazards. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Lightning Safety. - Special Topic: Hail Suppression. - Weather Fact: The Rumble of Thunder. - Key Terms. - Summary Statement. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 14 Tornadoes. - Tornado Characteristics. - Distribution of Tornadoes. - Hazards of Tornadoes. - The F-Scale. - The Tornado-Thunderstorm Connection. - Tornado Look-Alikes. - Weather Radar. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Wind Profilers. - Weather Fact: Tornado Oddities. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 15 Hurricanes. - Hurricane Characteristics. - Distribution of Hurricanes. - Hazards of Hurricanes. - Life Cycle of Tropical Storms. - Hurricane Threat to the Southeast. - Hurricane Modification. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Atlantic Hurricanes and West African Rainfall. - Weather Fact: Naming Hurricanes. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 16 Weather Analysis and Forecasting. - World Meteorological Organization. - Acquisition of Weather Data. - Meteorology by Satallite. - Data Depiction on Weather Maps. - Weather Prediction. - Communication and Dissemination. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Weather Proverbs: Fact or Fiction?. - Special Topic: Aviation Weather Hazards. - Mathematical Note: Some Orbital Characteristics of Weather Satellites. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 17 Air Pollution Meteorology. - Air Pollutants. - Air Pollution Episodes. - Air Pollution's Impact on Weather. - The Ozone Shield. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: Principal Air Pollutants. - Key Terms. - Summary Statements. - Review Questions. - Questions for Critical Thinking. - Selected Readings. - 18 World Climates. - Describing Climate. - Climate Controls. - Global Patterns of Climate. - Climate Classification. - Conclusions. - Special Topic: 1816, The Year Without a Summer?. - Special Topic: Agroclimatic Compensation: The Be

Note: CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION. - VARIATIONS IN CLIMATE. - LIVING GLACIERS AND THEIR MOTIONS. - HOW GLACIERS SCOUR THEIR VALLEYS. - STRIATED STONES AND BouLDER CLAY. - SEASONALLY BANDED CLAYS. - METAMORPHOSED GLACIAL DEPOSITS. - PART I THE PLEISTOCENE ICE AGE. - CHAPTER I PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION IN NORTH AMERICA. - GENERAL FEATURES. - THE DRIFT. - EXTENT OF PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION. - DIFFERENCES IN CLIMATE DURING THE ICE AGE. - THE CORDILLERAN ICE SHEET. - THE KEEWATIN ICE SHEET. - THE LABRADOREAN ICE SHEET. - CONDITIONS SOUTH OF THE MAIN ICE SHEETS. - INTERGLACIAL PERIODS IN AMERICA. - TORONTO AND MOOSE RIVER INTERGLACIAL FORMATIONS. - GLACIATION IN GREENLAND. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER II THE ICE AGE IN OTHER REGIONS. - GLACIATION IN ICELAND AND SPITZBERGEN. - GLACIATION OF NORTHERN EUROPE. - THE ICE AGE IN THE ALPS. - THE ICE AGE IN ASIA. - THE ICE AGE IN TROPICAL AND SOUTH TEMPERATE LANDS. - GLACIATION IN ANTARCTICA. - THE SLOPE OF THE SURFACE AND THE THICKNESS OF ICE SHEETS. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER Ill RESULTS OF PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION. - GENERAL CONCLUSIONS. - EFFECTS OF GLACIATION ON LIFE. - PLACES OF REFUGE. - LIFE ON NUNATAKS. - EFFECTS OF ICE SHEETS COMBINED WITH BARRIERS. - ICE SHEETS AND ISOSTASY. - DURATION OF THE PLEISTOCENE ICE AGE. - REFERENCES. - PART II PRE-PLEISTOCENE ICE AGES. - CHAPTER IV CENOZOIC AND MESOZOIC GLACIATION. - PROBABLE TILLITES IN EUROPE. - EOCENE GLACIATION IN NORTH AMERICA. - EOCENE GLACIATION IN ANTARCTICA. - EFFECTS ON LIFE OF THE EOCENE COOLING. - MESOZOIC GLACIATION IN CENTRAL AFRICA. - JURASSIC TILLITES IN NORTH AMERICA. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER V LATE PALÆOZOIC GLACIATION. - INTRODUCTION. - PERMIAN AND CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN EUROPE. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER VI PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN INDIA. - THE TALCHIRS. - THE SALT RANGE TILLITES. - A VISIT TO THE TALCHlRS. - PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS DEPOSITS IN OTHER PARTS OF ASIA. - EXTENT AND CHARACTER OF THE ASIATIC GLACIATION. - EFFECTS ON LIFE OF THE INDIAN GLACIATION. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER VII PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN AFRICA. - INTRODUCTION. - DWYKA TILLITE IN SOUTHERN CAPE COLONY. - THE DWYKA IN NATAL. - THE DWYKA IN TRANSVAAL. - GLACIAL FEATURES NEAR KIMBERLEY. - EXTENT OF SOUTH AFRICAN GLACIATION. - EFFECTS OF GLACIATION ON THE LIFE OF SOUTH AFRICA. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER VIII LATE PALÆOZOIC GLACIATION IN AUSTRALIA. - GENERAL FEATURES. - A GLIMPSE OF THE AUSTRALIAN GLACIAL BEDS. - SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE LATE PALÆOZOIC GLACIATION IN AUSTRALIA. - EFFECTS OF THE GLACIATION ON THE FLORA AND FAUNA. - PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN NEW ZEALAND. - POSSIBLE GLACIATION IN THE MALAY STATES. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER IX PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN SOUTH AMERICA. - INTRODUCTION. - GLACIAL BEDS IN SÃO PAULO, SOUTHERN BRAZIL. - TILLITES IN STATES SOUTHWEST OF SÃO PAULO. - SUGGESTION OF TILLITE IN URUGUAY. - GLACIATION IN SOUTHEASTERN ARGENTINA. - TILLITES NEAR SAN JUAN IN WESTERN ARGENTINA. - GLACIAL CONGLOMERATES IN BOLIVIA. - PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN THE FALKLAND ISLANDS. - AREA AND GENERAL FEATURES OF GLACIATION IN SOUTH AMERICA. - RELATIONS OF THE FLORA AND FAUNA TO GLACIATION. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER X PERMIAN OR CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN NORTH AMERICA. - BOULDER CONGLOMERATES IN NOVA SCOTIA. - A POSSIBLE PERMIAN MORAINE IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. - THE SQUANTUM TILLITE. - ALASKAN PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS TILLITES. - OTHER POSSIBLE PERMIAN OR CARBONIFEROUS TILLITES. - CORRELATION OF THE LATE PALÆOZOIC GLACIAL DEPOSITS. - EFFECTS ON LIFE OF THE LATE PALÆOZOIC ICE AGE. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER XI MIDDLE AND EARLY PALÆOZOIC GLACIATION. - DEVONIAN GLACIATION. - SILURIAN GLACIATION. - ORDOVICIAN GLACIATION IN EUROPE. - THE LIMESTONE CONGLOMERATE. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER XII GLACIATION AT OR JUST BEFORE THE BEGINNING OF THE CAMBRIAN. - EARLY CAMBRIAN OR LATE PRE-CAMBRIAN TILLITES IN EUROFE. - EARLY CAMBRIAN OR LATE PRE-CAMBRIAN BOULDER CONGLOMERATES IN NORTH AMERICA. - EARLY CAMBRIAN GLACIATION IN ASIA. - EARLY CAMBRIAN OR LATE PRE-CAMBRIAN TILLITES IN SOUTH AFRICA. - EARLY CAMBRIAN OR LATE PRE-CAMBRIAN TILLITES IN AUSTRALIA. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER XIII GLACIATION IN HURONIAN AND EARLIER TIMES. - HURONIAN TILLITES. - OTHER TILLITES WHICH MAY BE HURONIAN. - TIMISKAMIAN OR SUDBURIAN BOULDER CONGLOMERATES. - SEASONAL BANDING IN TIMISKAMIAN OR SUDBURIAN ROCKS. - THE DORÉ CONGLOMERATE. - THE DARWAR BOULDER CONGLOMERATE OF INDIA. - CONCLUSIONS. - REFERENCES. - PART Ill CAUSES OF GLACIATION. - INTRODUCTION. - FEATURES THAT HAVE TO BE ACCOUNTED FOR. - TYPES OF THEORIES PROPOSED TO ACCOUNT FOR ICE AGES. - CHAPTER XIV GEOLOGICAL THEORIES OF ICE AGES. - THE SUPPOSED COOLING OF THE EARTH. - THEORIES CONNECTED WITH CHANGES OF LEVEL. - THE EFFECTS OF DEPRESSION. - THE SUPPOSED DRIFT OF CONTINENTS. - CHANGES IN OCEAN CURRENTS. - REFERENCES. - CHAPTER XV ATMOSPHERIC AND ASTRONOMIC THEORIES. - ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES AS CAUSES OF GLACIATION. - EFFECTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE. - EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC DUST. - CROLL'S THEORY OF CHANGES OF EXCENTRICITY IN THE EARTH'S ORBIT. - DRAYSON'S THEORY OF CHANGES OF ANGLE OF THE EARTH'S TO THE ECLIPTIC. - SHIFTING OF THE EARTH'S AXIS. - CHANGES IN THE RADIATION OF THE SUN. - CHANGES IN THE TEMPERATURE OF SPACE. - CONCLUSIONS. - REFERENCES. - INDEX TO AUTHORS. - GENERAL INDEX.

Note: Beiträge teilweise englisch, teilweise russisch , Überwiegend kyrillische Schrift

Note: Enthält 5 Zeitschriftenaufsätze , Dissertation, Göteborgs Universitet, 2002 , Table of Contents: Introduction Methods Summary of Papers Paper I Paper II Paper III Paper IV Paper V Conclusions and discussion Acknowledgements References Appendices Paper I: Late Quaternary stratigraphy of western Yamal Peninsula, Russia : new constraints on the configuration of the Eurasian ice sheet / Forman, S. L., Ingólfson, Ó., Gataullin, V., Manley, W. F., Lokrantz, H. Paper II: Late Quaternary stratigraphy, glacial limits and paleoenvironments of the Maresale area, western Yamal Peninsula, Russia / Forman, S. L., Ingólfson, Ó., Gataullin, V., Manley, W. F., Lokrantz, H. Paper III: Late Quaternary stratigraphy, Radiocarbon Chronology, and Glacial History at Cape Shpindler, Southern Kara Sea, Arctic Russia / Manley, W. F., Lokrantz, H., Gataullin, V., Ingólfson, Ó., Andersson, T. Paper IV: Glaciotectonised Quaternary sediments at Cape Shpindler, Yugorski Peninsula, Arctic Russia : implications of glacial history, ice movements and Kara Sea Ice Sheet configuration / Lokrantz, H., Ingólfson, Ó. and Forman, S. L. Paper V: Origin of a massive ground ice body on Yugorski Peninsula, Arctic Russia : buried glacier ice or intrasedimental segregation ice? / Lokrantz, H. and Ingólfson, Ó.

Note: CONTENTS: Flight plan 1999. - LC130 schedule. - NGRIP 1999 schedule. - Overview of 1999 schedule. - Quartering and buildings. - Number of field participants. - NGRIP 2000 sub programs. - SITREP. - Term of reference for the NGRIP field work. - Accidents and illness. - Mail to NGRIP participants. - Cargo shipments to Greenland. - Personnel transport 2000. - NGRIP documentation. - Booze and drugs. - Vacation in Greenland. - Shipping boxes. - Welcome to the NGRIP camp. - List of participants. - NGRIP camp load. - Kangerlussuaq and the surrounding area. - Thule Air Base, Greenland, Base Operations. - Uplift 2000. - Typical specifications for LC-130 and Twin Otter. - Useful data. - Coordination of C-130 in Kangerlussuaq. - Aviation weather reports. - Typical communication plan and frequencies used. - Phonetic alphabet. - Personal field equipment. - Operation of Thrane & Thrane STDC telex terminal. - Operation of NERA lnmarsat M terminal. - Map of NGRIP camp (not all updated). - NGRIP inclined pit and trenches (not updated). - Map of NGRIP Region. - Map of Greenland and North Greenland. - Map of skiway and local topography. - Ice divide North of NGRIP. - Map of the magnetic declination in Greenland. - Glycol specification. - Density vs temperature of hole liquid. - Positions in Greenland, distances and directions. - List of NGRIP addresses.

Note: Contents: Preface / Helle V. Goldman, Bruce Forbes & Gary Kofinas. - Research planning in the face of change: the human role in reindeer/caribou systems / Gary Kofinas, Gail Osherenko, David Klein & Bruce Forbes. - Reindeer husbandry/hunting in Russia in the past, present and future / Leonid M. Baskin. - Chukotkan reindeer husbandry in the post-socialist transition / Patty A. Gray. - Nenets reindeer herders on the lower Yenisei River: traditional economy under current conditions are responses to economic change / Konstantin B. Klokov. - Reindeer pastoralism in modern Siberia: research and survival during the time of crash / Igor Krupnik. - Managing reindeer and wildlife on Alaska's Seward Peninsula / Jim Dau. - Response of reindeer and caribou to human activities / Scott A. Wolfe, Brad Griffith & Carrie A. Gray Wolfe. - High voltage transmission lines and their effect on reindeer: a research programme in progress / Eigil Reimers, Kjetil Flydal & Rune Stenseth. - Responses of West Greenland caribou to the approach of humans on foot / Peter Aastrup. - Arctic grazing systems and industrial development: can we minimize conflicts? / David R. Klein. - Regional effects of climate change on reindeer: a case study of the Muotkatunturi region in Finnish Lapland / Susan E. Lee, Malcolm C. Press, John A. Lee, Tim Ingold & Terhi Kurttila. - Reindeer in tundra ecosystems: the challenges of understanding system complexity / Feodor V. Kryazhimskii & Alexey N. Danilov. - Status, directions and priorities of reindeer husbandry research in Sweden / Öje Danell. - Need and opportunity for a North American caribou knowledge cooperative / Don Russell, Gary Kofinas & Brad Griffith. - Native reindeer herders' priorities for research / Johan Mathis Turi. - Letter from Varandei / Andrei V. Golovnev.

Note: Contents: 1 Background. - 2 Processing overview. - 2.1 AAPP. - 2.2 BUFR and CMA. - 2.3 Cloud mask and thinning in HIRLAM 3D-VAR. - 2.4 Radiative transfer calculations. - 2.5 Data selection. - 3 Bias correction and error statistics. - 3.1 The need for bias correction. - 3.2 Bias correction method. - 3.3 Background errors in observation space. - 3.4 Estimation of observation error covariance statistics. - 3.4.1 Rotated channels. - 3.4.2 Estimation from analysis departures (DNMI). - 3.4.3 Non-diagonal cost contributions. - 3.4.4 Approach using comparison with background error (SMHI). - 4 Impact studies. - 4.1 Overview. - 4.2 The May 2001 impact study at DNMI. - 4.3 December 1999 SMHI experiment. - 4.3.1 Data coverage and model area. - 4.3.2 Verification. - 4.3.3 Results. - 4.3.4 The "French storm". - 4.4 December 2001 NOAA 16 impact study at DMI. - 4.5 January 2002 NOAA 16 impact study at DMI. - 5 Ongoing and future work. - 5.1 Overview. - 5.2 Use of observations over ice. - 5.3 Moisture channels. - 5.4 Future sensors. - 6 Conclusions and outlook for the future. - Acknowledgment. - References.

Note: CONTENTS: Introduction - All Staff meeting 2002 / Per Undén. - Report of Hirlam Management Group visit to Met Éireann / Per Undén. - The operational HIRLAM at the Finnish Meteorological Institute / Kalle Eerola. - Recent changes in the operational suites at Météo-France / Dominique Giard. - HIRLAM operational activities in Met Éireann / Ray McGrath. - Operational HIRLAM at met.no / Ole Vignes. - SMHI operational HIRLAM systems / Lars Meuller. - Revision of the ECMWF humidity analysis 1: Construction of a gaussian control variable / Elías Valur Hólm. - A nudging procedure to assimilate analyses of cloud and precipitation in a version of HIRLAM / Bent Hansen Sass and Claus Petersen. - HIRLAM 4DVAR / Xiang-Yu Huang, Xiaohua Yang, Nils Gustafsson, Kristian Mogensen and Magnus Lindskog. - Progress in the investigation of problems in the operational 4d-var assimilation at Météo-France / Dominique Giard. - Recent and future developments in the turbulence modeling in HIRLAM / Geert Lenderink. - Parametrization of the effects of subgrid-scale orography / Laura Rontu and Kai Sattler. - ISBA tests in a Nordic area - an update / Simo Järvenoja. - Results of the SAT-MAP-CLIMATE project / Niels Woetmann Nielsen, Charlotte Hasager, Henrik Søgaard, Jens H Chrisensen, Niels Otto Jensen and Eva Bøgh. - Progress and problems in the Functional Boxes / Erik Bazile. - Status Kain Fritsch Rash Kristjansson and Hirlam 22 km experiences / Sander Tijm, Roy Wichink, Oscar van de Velde, Ben Wichers Schreur and Toon Moene. - The representation of shallow cumulus convection and associated cloud fields in the Rossby Centre Atmospheric modell / Colin Jones and Enrique Sanchez. - Parametrization of mountain-related effects in fine-scale HIRLAM - items for discussion / Laura Rontu. - Testing alternative lateral boundary strategies: A progress report / Aidan McDonald. - Current situation with the NH HIRLAM / Aarne Mannik and Rein Room. - Manipulations to determine the hybrid coordinate in HIRLAM / Per Undén and Nils Gustafsson. - Comparison of convection and condensation schemes under non-hydrostatic Hirlam model: A case study / Sami Niemela and Carl Fortelius. - Real time solution of forward and inverse air pollution problems with a numerical dispersion model based on short-term weather forecasts / Mikhail Sofiev. - Asyncronous I/O in HIRLAM / Ole Vignes. - HIRLAM coding styles / Gerard Cats. - NWP on a GRID compute environment / Gerard Cats. - HIRLAM verification scores, 1st quarter 2002 / Per Undén. - Validation test for HIRLAM 5.1.4: winter condition / Xiaohua Yang. - Recent tests of proposed revisions to the STRACO cloud scheme / Bent Hansen Sass and Xiaohua Yang.

Note: CONTENTS: I. National Committee for Antarctic Research, and National Operating Body. - II. Map of Stations. - Ill. Permanent Observatories, Regular Observations and Long-term Monitoring. - IV. Report on Highlights of Science Activities from Previous Reporting Period (1 Oct. 91 - 31 March 92). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences (incl. Marine Chemistry). - V. List of Permits and Rationale for Entry into SPAs and SSSIs. - VI. Prospectus of Planned Activities for Coming Reporting Period (1 April 92 - 31 March 93). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences (incl. Marine Chemistry). - VII. Future Activities Planned & Funded (beyond 31 March 93). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences (incl. Marine Chemistry). - VIII. Bibliography. - IX. List of Principal Investigators and Responsible Authorities.

Note: CONTENTS: I. National Committee for Antarctic Research, and National Operating Body. - II. Map of Stations. - Ill. Permanent Observatories, Regular Observations and Long-term Monitoring. - IV. Report on Highlights of Science Activities from Previous Reporting Period (1 Oct. 90 - 31 March 91). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences (incl. Marine Chemistry). - V. List of Permits and Rationale for Entry into SPAs and SSSIs. - VI. Prospectus of Planned Activities for Coming Reporting Period (1 April 91 - 31 March 92). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences (incl. Marine Chemistry). - VII. Future Activities Planned & Funded (beyond 31 March 92). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences (incl. Marine Chemistry). - VIII. Bibliography. - IX. List of Principal Investigators and Responsible Authorities.

Note: Landslide Tsunamis: Recent Findings and Research Directions / J.-P. Bardet, C. E. Synolakis, H. L. Davies, F. Imamura… / Pages 1793-1809 --- Characterization of Earthquake Strong Ground Motion / P. G. Somerville, R. W. Graves / Pages 1811-1828 --- The 1998 Papua New Guinea Earthquake and its Fault Plane Estimated from Relocated Aftershocks / Nobuo Hurukawa, Yoshinobu Tsuji, Budi Waluyo / Pages 1829-1841 --- T Waves from the 1998 Papua New Guinea Earthquake and its Aftershocks: Timing the Tsunamigenic Slump / Emile A. Okal / Pages 1843-1863 --- Triggering Mechanisms of Slope Instability and their Relationship to Earthquakes and Tsunamis / S. G. Wright, E. M. Rathje / Pages 1865-1877 --- Landslide-generated Tsunamis: Geotechnical Considerations / W. D. Liam Finn / Pages 1879-1894 --- The Aitape 1998 Tsunami: Reconstructing the Event from Interviews and Field Mapping / H. L. Davies, J. M. Davies, R. C. B. Perembo, W. Y. Lus / Pages 1895-1922 --- Possible Coseismic Large-scale Landslide off the Northern Coast of Papua New Guinea in July 1998: Geophysical and Geological Results from SOS Cruises / Takeshi Matsumoto, David R. Tappin / Pages 1923-1943 --- Tectonics and Slumping in the Source Region of the 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami from Seismic Reflection Images / S. Sweet, E. A. Silver / Pages 1945-1968 --- Erosion and Sedimentation from the 17 July, 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami / Guy Gelfenbaum, Bruce Jaffe / Pages 1969-1999 --- Mitigation Lessons from the July 17, 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami / Lori Dengler, Jane Preuss / Pages 2001-2031 --- Large-scale Basement-involved Landslides, California Continental Borderland / M. R. Legg, M. J. Kamerling / Pages 2033-2051 --- Failure of Marine Deposits and their Redistribution by Sediment Gravity Flows / J. P. M. Syvitski, E. W. H. Hutton / Pages 2053-2069 --- Re-examination of the Source Mechanism of the 1998 Papua New Guinea Earthquake and Tsunami / Fumihiko Imamura, Kazumasa Hashi / Pages 2071-2086 --- The July 1998 Papua New Guinea Earthquake: Mechanism and Quantification of Unusual Tsunami Generation / Kenji Satake, Yuichiro Tanioka / Pages 2087-2118 --- Field Survey and Numerical Simulations: A Review of the 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami / Patrick J. Lynett, Jose C. Borrero, Philip L.-F. Liu… / Pages 2119-2146 --- Tsunami Wave Height Dependence on Landslide Volume / T. S. Murty / Pages 2147-2153 --- Some Aspects of Energy Balance and Tsunami Generation by Earthquakes and Landslides / L. J. Ruff / Pages 2155-2176 --- A Theoretical Comparison of Tsunamis from Dislocations and Landslides / Emile A. Okal, Costas E. Synolakis / Pages 2177-2188 --- Normal Mode Energetics for Far-field Tsunamis Generated by Dislocations and Landslides / Emile A. Okal / Pages 2189-2221

Note: Contents: 1 Introduction ; 2 Income Taxation ; 3 Models of Optimal Lifetime Income Taxation with Time-Consistent Preferences ; 4 Models of Optimal Lifetime Income Taxation with Time-Inconsistent Preferences ; 5 Incomplete Markets and Social Security ; 6 Models of Optimal Retirement Incentives with Varying Disutility of Labor ; 7 Models of Optimal Retirement Incentives with Varying Life Expectancy ; 8 Pension Insurance Reform with a Focus onGermany ; 9 Theory and Policy

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction St. Marys River Ice problems Remedial measures Field studies Highlights, trends, and major findings Modifications to boom Maximum forces Ship traffic Characteristics Effect of boom forces Effect on ice Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Ice boom forces

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature General background The problem Method of solution Results and discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix: Evaluation of rn's in equation 25

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Experiments Test flume facility Experimental apparatus Experimental procedure Results Plastic versus freshwater ice Shoreline forces Boom forces Average shear stress under ice cover Internal forces Discussion Data scatter Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Experimental results

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test material and test specimens Test material Required dimensions for test specimens Acquisition and preparation of specimens Field core sampling Specimen preparation in the laboratory Application of forces and displacements to uniaxial specimens Compression Tension Squareness imperfections Loading devices Universal testing machine Gas actuator for constant load Weight-and-pulley system for constant tension Equipment for triaxial tests Measurement of force and displacement Force Displacement Readouts and recorders Literature cited Appendix A: Phenolic-resin end caps Appendix B: Compliant platens Appendix C: Theoretical factor for converting overall strain to gauge-length strain indumbbell specimens Appci dix D: Items developed but not used in Phase I Appendix E: Use of the Brazil test

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background Objectives and procedures Equipment used Radar TDR Definitions Massive ice Results Artificial wedge: Norwich, Vermont Ice wedges in sand: Fish Creek, Alaska Ice wedges: Prudhoe Bay, Alaska Ice wedges under thawed fine-grained soils: North Slope, Alaska Wedge-like soil structures: Ft. Greely, Alaska TDR measurements Summary and concluding remarks Literature cited Appendix A: Brief discussion of dispersion