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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Washington, D.C. : 1983
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 93.0022/8
    In: Reviews in mineralogy
    Description / Table of Contents: Geochemistry is a science that is based on an understanding of chemical processes in the earth. One of the principal tools available to the chemist for understanding systems at equilibrium is thermodynamics. The awareness and application of thermodynamic techniques has increased at a very fast pace in geosciences; in fact, one may be so bold as to say that thermodynamics in geology has reached the "mature" stage, although much future thermodynamic research is certainly needed. However, the natural processes in the earth are often sluggish enough that a particular system may not reach equilibrium. This observation is being supported constantly by new experimental and field data available to the geochemist e.g. the non-applicability of the phase rule in some assemblages, the compositional inhomogeneities of mineral grains, the partial reaction rims surrounding original minerals, the lack of isotopic equilibration or the absence of minerals (e.g. dolomite), which should be present according to thermodynamics. The need to apply kinetics has produced a large number of papers dealing with kinetics in geochemistry. As an initial response to this growing field, a conference on geochemical transport and kinetics was conducted at Airlie House, VA, in 1973, sponsored by the Carnegie Institution of Washington. The papers there dealt with several kinetic topics including diffusion, exsolution, metasomatism and metamorphic layering. Since 1973 the number of kinetic papers has continued to increase greatly. Therefore, the time is ripe for a Short Course in Kinetics, which brings together the fundamentals needed to explain field observations using kinetic data. It is hoped that this book may serve, not only as a reference for researchers dealing with the rates of geochemical processes, but also as a text in courses on geochemical kinetics. One of us has found this need of a text in teaching a graduate course on geochemical kinetics at Harvard and at Penn State during the past several years. Finally, it is our hope that the book may itself further even more research into the rates of geochemical processes and into the quantification of geochemical observations. The book is organized with a rough temperature gradient in mind, i.e. low temperature kinetics at the beginning and igneous kinetics at the end (no prejudices are intended with this scheme!). However, the topics in each chapter are general enough that they can be applied often to any geochemical domain: sedimentary, metamorphic or igneous. The theory of kinetics operates at two complementary levels: the phenomenological and the atomistic. The former relies on macroscopic variables (e.g. temperature or concentrations) to describe the rates of reactions or the rates of transport; the latter relates the rates to the basic forces operating between the particular atomic or molecular species of any system. This book deals with both descriptions of the kinetics of geochemical processes. Chapter one sets the framework for the phenomenological theory of reaction rates. If any geochemical reaction is to be described quantitatively, the rate law must be experimentally obtained in a kinetically sound manner and the reaction mechanism must be understood. This applies to heterogeneous fluid-rock reactions such as those occurring during metamorphism, hydrothermal alteration or weathering as well as to homogeneous reactions. Chapter 2 extends the theory to the global kinetics of geochemical cycles. This enables the kinetic concepts of stability and feedback to be applied to the cycling of elements in the many reservoirs of the earth. Chapter 3 applies the phenomenological treatment of chapter 1 to diagenesis and weathering. The rate of dissolution of minerals as well as the chemical evolution of pore waters are discussed. The atomistic basis of rates of reaction, transition state theory, is introduced in Chapter 4. Transition state theory can be applied to relate the rate constants of geochemical reactions to the atomic processes taking place. This includes not only homogeneous reactions but also reactions that occur at the surface of minerals. Chapter 5 discusses the theory of irreversible thermodynamics and its application to petrology. The use of the second law of thermodynamics along with the expressions for the rate of entropy production in a system have been used successfully since 1935 to describe kinetic phenomena. The chapter applies the concepts to the growth of minerals during metamorphism as well as to the formation of differentiated layers (banding) in petrology. Chapter 6 describes the phenomenological theory of diffusion both in aqueous solutions and in minerals. In particular, the multicomponent nature of diffusion and its consequence in natural systems is elaborated. Chapter 7 provides the atomistic basis for the rates of reactions in minerals. Understanding of the rates of diffusion, conduction, order-disorder reactions or exsolution in minerals depends on proper description of the defects in the various mineral structures. Chapter 8 provides the kinetic theory of crystal nucleation and growth. While many of the concepts in the chapter can be applied to aqueous systems, the emphasis is on igneous processes occurring during crystallization of a melt. To fully understand both the mineral composition as well as the texture of igneous rocks, the processes whereby new crystals form and grow must be quantified by using kinetic theory. Due to space and time limitations (kinetics!) some topics have not been covered in detail. In particular, the mathematical solution of diffusion or conduction equations is discussed very well by Crank in his book, Mathematics of Diffusion, and so is not covered to a great extent here. The treatment of fluid flow (e.g. convection) is also not covered in the text.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 398 S.
    ISBN: 0-939950-08-1 , 978-0-939950-08-9
    ISSN: 1529-6466
    Series Statement: Reviews in mineralogy 8
    Language: English
    Note: Chapter 1. Rate Laws of Chemical Reactions by Antonio C. Lasaga, p. 1 - 68 Chapter 2. Dynamic Treatment of Geochemical Cycles: Global Kinetics by Antonio C. Lasaga, p. 69 - 110 Chapter 3. Kinetics of Weathering and Diagenesis by Robert A. Berner, p. 111 - 134 Chapter 4. Transition State Theory by Antonio C. Lasaga, p. 135 - 170 Chapter 5. Irreversible Thermodynamics in Petrology by George W. Fisher and Antonio C. Lasaga, p. 171 - 210 Chapter 6. Diffusion in Electrolyte Mixtures by David E. Anderson, p. 211 - 260 Chapter 7. The Atomistic Basis of Kinetics: Defects in Minerals by Antonio C. Lasaga, p. 261 - 320 Chapter 8. Kinetics of Crystallization of Igneous Rocks by R. James Kirkpatrick, p. 321 - 398
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Washington, D.C. : Mineralogical Society of America
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 11/M 94.0162
    In: Reviews in mineralogy
    Description / Table of Contents: Geochemistry is a science that is based on an understanding of chemical processes in the earth. One of the principal tools available to the chemist for understanding systems at equilibrium is thermodynamics. The awareness and application of thermodynamic techniques has increased at a very fast pace in geosciences; in fact, one may be so bold as to say that thermodynamics in geology has reached the "mature" stage, although much future thermodynamic research is certainly needed. However, the natural processes in the earth are often sluggish enough that a particular system may not reach equilibrium. This observation is being supported constantly by new experimental and field data available to the geochemist e.g. the non-applicability of the phase rule in some assemblages, the compositional inhomogeneities of mineral grains, the partial reaction rims surrounding original minerals, the lack of isotopic equilibration or the absence of minerals (e.g. dolomite), which should be present according to thermodynamics. The need to apply kinetics has produced a large number of papers dealing with kinetics in geochemistry. As an initial response to this growing field, a conference on geochemical transport and kinetics was conducted at Airlie House, VA, in 1973, sponsored by the Carnegie Institution of Washington. The papers there dealt with several kinetic topics including diffusion, exsolution, metasomatism and metamorphic layering. Since 1973 the number of kinetic papers has continued to increase greatly. Therefore, the time is ripe for a Short Course in Kinetics, which brings together the fundamentals needed to explain field observations using kinetic data. It is hoped that this book may serve, not only as a reference for researchers dealing with the rates of geochemical processes, but also as a text in courses on geochemical kinetics. One of us has found this need of a text in teaching a graduate course on geochemical kinetics at Harvard and at Penn State during the past several years. Finally, it is our hope that the book may itself further even more research into the rates of geochemical processes and into the quantification of geochemical observations. The book is organized with a rough temperature gradient in mind, i.e. low temperature kinetics at the beginning and igneous kinetics at the end (no prejudices are intended with this scheme!). However, the topics in each chapter are general enough that they can be applied often to any geochemical domain: sedimentary, metamorphic or igneous. The theory of kinetics operates at two complementary levels: the phenomenological and the atomistic. The former relies on macroscopic variables (e.g. temperature or concentrations) to describe the rates of reactions or the rates of transport; the latter relates the rates to the basic forces operating between the particular atomic or molecular species of any system. This book deals with both descriptions of the kinetics of geochemical processes. Chapter one sets the framework for the phenomenological theory of reaction rates. If any geochemical reaction is to be described quantitatively, the rate law must be experimentally obtained in a kinetically sound manner and the reaction mechanism must be understood. This applies to heterogeneous fluid-rock reactions such as those occurring during metamorphism, hydrothermal alteration or weathering as well as to homogeneous reactions. Chapter 2 extends the theory to the global kinetics of geochemical cycles. This enables the kinetic concepts of stability and feedback to be applied to the cycling of elements in the many reservoirs of the earth. Chapter 3 applies the phenomenological treatment of chapter 1 to diagenesis and weathering. The rate of dissolution of minerals as well as the chemical evolution of pore waters are discussed. The atomistic basis of rates of reaction, transition state theory, is introduced in Chapter 4. Transition state theory can be applied to relate the rate constants of geochemical reactions to the atomic processes taking place. This includes not only homogeneous reactions but also reactions that occur at the surface of minerals. Chapter 5 discusses the theory of irreversible thermodynamics and its application to petrology. The use of the second law of thermodynamics along with the expressions for the rate of entropy production in a system have been used successfully since 1935 to describe kinetic phenomena. The chapter applies the concepts to the growth of minerals during metamorphism as well as to the formation of differentiated layers (banding) in petrology. Chapter 6 describes the phenomenological theory of diffusion both in aqueous solutions and in minerals. In particular, the multicomponent nature of diffusion and its consequence in natural systems is elaborated. Chapter 7 provides the atomistic basis for the rates of reactions in minerals. Understanding of the rates of diffusion, conduction, order-disorder reactions or exsolution in minerals depends on proper description of the defects in the various mineral structures. Chapter 8 provides the kinetic theory of crystal nucleation and growth. While many of the concepts in the chapter can be applied to aqueous systems, the emphasis is on igneous processes occurring during crystallization of a melt. To fully understand both the mineral composition as well as the texture of igneous rocks, the processes whereby new crystals form and grow must be quantified by using kinetic theory. Due to space and time limitations (kinetics!) some topics have not been covered in detail. In particular, the mathematical solution of diffusion or conduction equations is discussed very well by Crank in his book, Mathematics of Diffusion, and so is not covered to a great extent here. The treatment of fluid flow (e.g. convection) is also not covered in the text.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: x, 398 S.
    ISBN: 0-939950-08-1 , 978-0-939950-08-9
    ISSN: 1529-6466
    Series Statement: Reviews in mineralogy 8
    Classification:
    Mineralogy
    Language: English
    Note: Chapter 1. Rate Laws of Chemical Reactions by Antonio C. Lasaga, p. 1 - 68 Chapter 2. Dynamic Treatment of Geochemical Cycles: Global Kinetics by Antonio C. Lasaga, p. 69 - 110 Chapter 3. Kinetics of Weathering and Diagenesis by Robert A. Berner, p. 111 - 134 Chapter 4. Transition State Theory by Antonio C. Lasaga, p. 135 - 170 Chapter 5. Irreversible Thermodynamics in Petrology by George W. Fisher and Antonio C. Lasaga, p. 171 - 210 Chapter 6. Diffusion in Electrolyte Mixtures by David E. Anderson, p. 211 - 260 Chapter 7. The Atomistic Basis of Kinetics: Defects in Minerals by Antonio C. Lasaga, p. 261 - 320 Chapter 8. Kinetics of Crystallization of Igneous Rocks by R. James Kirkpatrick, p. 321 - 398
    Location: Reading room
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Keywords: 55-433A; Alteration; Barium; Chromium; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Glomar Challenger; Leg55; Lithology/composition/facies; Nickel; North Pacific/SEAMOUNT; Rock type; Sample code/label; Sample ID; Sample method; Strontium; Visual description; Yttrium; Zinc; Zirconium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 28 data points
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Keywords: 55-433C; Alteration; Barium; Chromium; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Glomar Challenger; Leg55; Lithology/composition/facies; Nickel; North Pacific/SEAMOUNT; Rock type; Sample code/label; Sample ID; Sample method; Strontium; Visual description; Yttrium; Zinc; Zirconium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 335 data points
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  • 5
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    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Kuo, Lung-Chuan; Kirkpatrick, R James (1982): Pre-eruption history of phyric basalts from DSDP Leg 45 and 46: evidence from morphology and zoning patterns in plagioclase. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 79(1), 13-27, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00376957
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Description: Phyric basalts recovered from DSDP Legs 45 and 46 contain abundant plagioclase phenocrysts which occur as either discrete single grains (megacrysts) or aggregates (glomerocrysts) and which are too abundant and too anorthitic to have crystallized from a liquid with the observed bulk rock composition. Almost all the plagioclase crystals are complexly zoned. In most cases two abrupt and relatively large compositional changes associated with continuous internal morphologic boundaries divide the plagioclase crystals into three parts: core, mantle and rim. The cores exhibit two major types of morphology: tabular, with a euhedral to slightly rounded outline; or a skeletal inner core wrapped by a slightly rounded homogeneous outer core. The mantle region is characterized by a zoning pattern composed of one to several spikes/plateaus superimposed on a gently zoned base line, with one large plateau always at the outside of the mantle, and by, in most cases, a rounded internal morphology. The inner rim is typically oscillatory zoned. The width of the outer rim can be correlated with the position of the individual crystal in the basalt pillow. The presence of a skeletal inner core and the concentration of glass inclusions in low-An zones in the mantle region suggest that the liquid in which these parts of the crystals were growing was undercooled some amount. The resorption features at the outer margins of low-An zones indicate superheating of the liquid with respect to the crystal. It is proposed that the plagioclase cores formed during injection of primitive magma into a previously existing magma chamber, that the mantle formed during mixing of a partially mixed magma and the remaining magma already in the chamber, and that the inner rim formed when the mixed magma was in a sheeted dike system. The large plateau at the outside of the mantle may have formed during the injection of the next batch of primitive magma into the main chamber, which may trigger an eruption. This model is consistent with fluid dynamic calculations and geochemically based magma mixing models, and is suggested to be the major mechanism for generating the disequilibrium conditions in the magma.
    Keywords: 45-395A; 45-396; 46-396B; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Glomar Challenger; Leg45; Leg46; North Atlantic/SEDIMENT POND
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Keywords: 55-430A; Alteration; Aluminium oxide; Calcium oxide; Calculated; Carbon dioxide; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Glomar Challenger; Iron oxide, Fe2O3, fractionated; Iron oxide, FeO; Iron oxide, FeO, fractionated; Leg55; Lithology/composition/facies; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; Method comment; North Pacific/SEDIMENT POND; Phosphorus pentoxide; Potassium oxide; Rock type; Sample code/label; Sample ID; Sample method; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Titanium dioxide; Water content, dry mass
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 185 data points
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Keywords: 55-432A; Alteration; Aluminium oxide; Calcium oxide; Calculated; Carbon dioxide; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Glomar Challenger; Iron oxide, Fe2O3, fractionated; Iron oxide, FeO, fractionated; Leg55; Lithology/composition/facies; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; Method comment; North Pacific/TERRACE; Phosphorus pentoxide; Potassium oxide; Rock type; Sample code/label; Sample ID; Sample method; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Titanium dioxide; Water content, dry mass
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 88 data points
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Keywords: 55-433A; Alteration; Aluminium oxide; Calcium oxide; Calculated; Carbon dioxide; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Glomar Challenger; Iron oxide, Fe2O3, fractionated; Iron oxide, FeO; Iron oxide, FeO, fractionated; Leg55; Lithology/composition/facies; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; Method comment; North Pacific/SEAMOUNT; Phosphorus pentoxide; Potassium oxide; Rock type; Sample code/label; Sample ID; Sample method; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Titanium dioxide; Water content, dry mass
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 78 data points
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Keywords: 55-433B; Alteration; Aluminium oxide; Calcium oxide; Calculated; Carbon dioxide; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Glomar Challenger; Iron oxide, Fe2O3, fractionated; Iron oxide, FeO, fractionated; Leg55; Lithology/composition/facies; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; Method comment; North Pacific/SEAMOUNT; Phosphorus pentoxide; Potassium oxide; Rock type; Sample code/label; Sample ID; Sample method; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Titanium dioxide; Water content, dry mass
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 22 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Keywords: 55-433C; Alteration; Aluminium oxide; Calcium oxide; Calculated; Carbon dioxide; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Glomar Challenger; Iron oxide, Fe2O3, fractionated; Iron oxide, FeO; Iron oxide, FeO, fractionated; Leg55; Lithology/composition/facies; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; Method comment; North Pacific/SEAMOUNT; Phosphorus pentoxide; Potassium oxide; Rock type; Sample code/label; Sample ID; Sample method; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Titanium dioxide; Water content, dry mass
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 661 data points
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