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  • 1
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    Accelerating actions for leveraging a climate-neutral sustainable society (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: The establishment of the Leveraging a Climate-neutral Society–strategic Research Network (LCS–RNet) (then named the International Research Network for Low Carbon Societies) was proposed at the Group of Eight (G8) Environment Ministers’ Meeting in 2008. Its 12th annual meeting in December 2021 focused on the discussion on how to transition into a just and sustainable society and how to reduce the risks associated with the transition. This requires comprehensive studies including on the concept of transition, pathways to net-zero societies and how to realise the pathways by collaborating with various stakeholders. This Special Feature provides new insights into sustainability science by linking the scientific knowledge with practical science for the transition through the exploration of studies presented at the annual meeting. Following the opening paper, "A challenge for sustainability science: can we halt climate change?", a wide range of topics were discussed, including practices for sustainable transformation in the Erasmus University, practices in industry, energy transition and international cooperation.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Promotionscluster "Nexus Ressourcenschonung und Klimaschutz" : Abschlussbericht (2024)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 3
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    Environmental impact of e-fuels via the solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) route for use in Germany (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-05
    Description: This paper examines the current and prospective greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of e-fuels produced via electrolysis and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) for the years 2021, 2030, and 2050 for use in Germany. The GHG emissions are determined by a scenario approach as a combination of a literature-based top-down and bottom-up approach. Considered process steps are the provision of feedstocks, electrolysis (via solid oxide co-electrolysis; SOEC), synthesis (via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; FTS), e-crude refining, eventual transport to, and use in Germany. The results indicate that the current GHG emissions for e-fuel production in the exemplary export countries Saudi Arabia and Chile are above those of conventional fuels. Scenarios for the production in Germany lead to current GHG emissions of 2.78-3.47 kgCO2-eq/L e-fuel in 2021 as the reference year and 0.064-0.082 kgCO2-eq/L e-fuel in 2050. With a share of 58-96%, according to the respective scenario, the electrolysis is the main determinant of the GHG emissions in the production process. The use of additional renewable energy during the production process in combination with direct air capture (DAC) are the main leverages to reduce GHG emissions.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Analysing direct air capture for enabling negative emissions in Germany : an assessment of the resource requirements and costs of a potential rollout in 2045 (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-05
    Description: Direct air capture (DAC) combined with subsequent storage (DACCS) is discussed as one promising carbon dioxide removal option. The aim of this paper is to analyse and comparatively classify the resource consumption (land use, renewable energy and water) and costs of possible DAC implementation pathways for Germany. The paths are based on a selected, existing climate neutrality scenario that requires the removal of 20 Mt of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year by DACCS from 2045. The analysis focuses on the so-called "low-temperature" DAC process, which might be more advantageous for Germany than the "high-temperature" one. In four case studies, we examine potential sites in northern, central and southern Germany, thereby using the most suitable renewable energies for electricity and heat generation. We show that the deployment of DAC results in large-scale land use and high energy needs. The land use in the range of 167-353 km2 results mainly from the area required for renewable energy generation. The total electrical energy demand of 14.4 TWh per year, of which 46% is needed to operate heat pumps to supply the heat demand of the DAC process, corresponds to around 1.4% of Germany's envisaged electricity demand in 2045. 20 Mt of water are provided yearly, corresponding to 40% of the city of Cologne's water demand (1.1 million inhabitants). The capture of CO2 (DAC) incurs levelised costs of 125-138 EUR per tonne of CO2, whereby the provision of the required energy via photovoltaics in southern Germany represents the lowest value of the four case studies. This does not include the costs associated with balancing its volatility. Taking into account transporting the CO2 via pipeline to the port of Wilhelmshaven, followed by transporting and sequestering the CO2 in geological storage sites in the Norwegian North Sea (DACCS), the levelised costs increase to 161-176 EUR/tCO2. Due to the longer transport distances from southern and central Germany, a northern German site using wind turbines would be the most favourable.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Sustainable transformation of Morocco's energy system : development of a phase model (2024)
    Agdal Rabat : Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-18
    Description: A clear understanding of socio-technical interdependencies and a structured vision are prerequisites for fostering and steering a transition to a fully renewables-based energy system. To facilitate such understanding, a phase model for the renewable energy (RE) transition in MENA countries has been developed and applied to the country case of Morocco. It is designed to support the strategy development and governance of the energy transition and to serve as a guide for decision makers. Such a phase model could be shared widely as part of Morocco's engagement in international platforms of multilateral collaboration, such as the Energy Transition Council (chaired by the United Kingdom (UK) and managed by the British Embassy - Rabat). The analysis shows that Morocco has fully embarked on the energy transition. According to the MENA phase model, Morocco can be classified as being in the second phase "System Integration of Renewables". Nevertheless, Morocco plans to considerably increase the use of natural gas in order to back up intermittent solar and wind energy sources. The diversification of energy sources and a diverse portfolio of storage options, including solar thermal power and hydrogen, can foster flexibility options. To this end, a roadmap for power-to-X (PtX) should be considered for a smooth transition of the Moroccan energy supply and demand system. The expansion of local REs can significantly contribute to reducing Morocco's high fossil fuel imports that are causing a high fiscal burden. With this regard, energy security can be strengthened. Next to large-scale deployment, decentralisation of the energy system must be built to encourage an energy transition on all societal levels. The results of the analysis along the transition phase model towards 100% RE are intended to stimulate and support the discussion on Morocco's future energy system by providing an overarching guiding vision for energy transition and the development of appropriate policies.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    15 insights on the global steel transformation (2024)
    Berlin : Agora Industry
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    When rationality meets intuition : a research agenda for software design decision-making (2024)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: As society's reliance on software systems escalates over time, so too does the cost of failure of these systems. Meanwhile, the complexity of software systems, as well as of their designs, is also ever-increasing, influenced by the proliferation of new tools and technologies to address intended societal needs. The traditional response to this complexity in software engineering and software architecture has been to apply rationalistic approaches to software design through methods and tools for capturing design rationale and evaluating various design options against a set of criteria. However, research from other fields demonstrates that intuition may also hold benefits for making complex design decisions. All humans, including software designers, use intuition and rationality in varying combinations. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of what is known and unknown from existing research regarding the use and performance consequences of using intuition and rationality in software design decision-making. To this end, a systematic literature review has been conducted, with an initial sample of 3909 unique publications and a final sample of 26 primary studies. We present an overview of existing research, based on the literature concerning intuition and rationality use in software design decision-making and propose a research agenda with 14 questions that should encourage researchers to fill identified research gaps. This research agenda emphasizes what should be investigated to be able to develop support for the application of the two cognitive processes in software design decision-making.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Transformation in der Industrie : Herausforderungen und Lösungen für erneuerbare Prozesswärme (2024)
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-25
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 9
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    Dekarbonisierung der industriellen Produktion (DekarbInd) : Teilbericht AP3: Bewertung von Dekarbonisierungsmaßnahmen und Erarbeitung von Eckpunkten einer Roadmap für die Zementindustrie (2024)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-25
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 10
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    Erarbeitung einer Messmethodik zum Umfang der Wiederverwendung von Produkten in Deutschland : Abschlussbericht (2024)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-25
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 11
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    Dekarbonisierung der industriellen Produktion (DekarbInd) : Teilbericht AP1: Ganzheitliches Bewertungsschema für Technologien (2024)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-25
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 12
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    Industrial and infrastructural conditions for production and export of green hydrogen and synthetic fuels in the MENA region : insights from Jordan, Morocco, and Oman (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: Green hydrogen and synthetic fuels are increasingly recognized as a key strategic element for the progress of the global energy transition. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with its large wind and solar potential, is well positioned to generate renewable energy at low cost for the production of green hydrogen and synthetic fuels, and is therefore considered as a potential future producer and exporter. Yet, while solar and wind energy potentials are essential, other factors are expected to play an equally important role for the development of green hydrogen and synthetic fuels (export) sectors. This includes, in particular, adequate industrial capacities and infrastructures. These preconditions vary from country to country, and while they have been often mentioned in the discussion on green hydrogen exports, they have only been examined to a limited extent. This paper employs a case study approach to assess the existing infrastructural and industrial conditions in Jordan, Morocco, and Oman for the development of a green hydrogen and downstream synthetic fuel (export) sector.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Wasserstoff - welche Bedeutung hat er im Energiesystem der Zukunft? (2024)
    Halle (Saale) : Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina e. V. - Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-13
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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  • 14
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    POWER für die Wärmewende : Potenziale von Wasserkreisläufen zur Wärmenutzung in nutzungsgemischten Baublöcken hoher Dichte (2024)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-10
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 15
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    Wohnflächensuffizienz in der Bundesförderung : Masterarbeit (2024)
    Berlin : Technische Universität
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: Vor dem Hintergrund einer kontinuierlich zunehmenden Pro-Kopf-Wohnfläche und den damit verbundenen negativen Auswirkungen auf Klima und Umwelt sollen mit dieser Arbeit die Bundesförderprogramme auf deren Anreizwirkung bezüglich eines achtsamen Umgangs mit der Ressource Wohnfläche überprüft werden. Der Fokus dieser Arbeit liegt auf den durch die Förderbank KfW durchgeführten Bundesförderprogrammen, die ein wichtiges Instrument der Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie des Bundes im Bereich Wohngebäude bilden. Mithilfe eines Screenings der aktuellen Förderprogramme der KfW sowie durch Gespräche mit Vertretenden der KfW soll kritisch beleuchtet werden, wie sich die derzeit verfolgten Leitbilder der Förderung im Wohngebäudebereich zu dem Leitbild einer achtsamen Wohnflächennutzung verhalten. Zudem sollen mögliche Anknüpfungspunkte für Suffizienzstrategien im Handlungsfeld Wohnfläche identifiziert und in den Kontext des aktuellen Sach- und Forschungsstands gestellt werden. Auf Grundlage der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse soll gezeigt werden, wie Suffizienzstrategien im Handlungsfeld Wohnfläche anhand innovativen Modellvorhaben erprobt werden können, um daraus Erkenntnisse für die Bundesförderung abzuleiten.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 16
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    Interaction between defossilisation of basic industries and relocation : scenario-based explorative and normative transition pathways to electrification for European basic industries and specific clusters (2024)
    Lund : Lund University
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: The steel and chemical production industries are the largest industrial emitters of greenhouse gases in the European Union, together accounting for half of the EU’s industrial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A promising strategy for achieving deep GHG emissions reductions is the electrification of these two industries, which would depend on the rapid expansion of renewable electricity supply. Such electrification can be direct, where electrical appliances replace fossil fuel powered ones, or indirect, using renewable hydrogen produced from water by electricity. Both methods of electrification represent a systemic shift for these industrial systems and require a major wave of investment into new process technologies, as well as access to renewable electricity and green hydrogen. Old industrial structures could become stranded as a consequence of shifting energy and feedstock supply in this way. The thesis focuses geographically on the major region for EU steel and chemical production: the area between the two North Sea ports of Antwerp and Rotterdam in the west and the Rhine-Ruhr area in the east. It studies the technical and economic feasibility of electrification in the steel and chemical production industries (specifically petrochemicals), followed by an analysis of the impact on locational factors and possible spatial reconfigurations of the production system. The analysis builds on scenario methodology with extensive stakeholder engagement and uses different quantitative bottom-up models developed during several projects. To accelerate and facilitate the transformation of the two focal industries in the region, the thesis identifies strategic options for policy makers, steel and petrochemical companies, as well as for infrastructure providers such as port authorities and network operators. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of electrification and its potential to play a crucial role in the defossilised production of steel and petrochemicals, even in a region with a relatively low renewable electricity potential (such as the one studied). The transformation requires a hydrogen infrastructure for steel and petrochemical clusters and increased circularity, especially in the petrochemical industry. Some production steps in the value chain, such as iron making or chemical feedstock production, will have strong incentives to relocate (either partially or fully). However, other factors, such as the benefits of existing assets and the advantages of vertical integration in existing clusters, may discourage the total relocation of entire production chains.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 17
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    Digital-ökologische Staatskunst : Plattformen im Dienst der Nachhaltigkeit ; Forschungslinienbericht (2024)
    Berlin : Institut für Zukunftsstudien und Technologiebewertung
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Eine neue digital-ökologische Staatskunst ist die unverzichtbare Voraussetzung für wirksames staatliches Handeln zur sozial-ökologischen Gestaltung der digitalen Transformation. Der Bericht beschreibt am Beispiel der Plattformökonomie die Herausforderungen, Ansatzpunkte und mögliche Maßnahmen.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 18
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    What is the voluntary carbon market - and what contribution does it make to climate action? (2024)
    München : acatech - Deutsche Akademie der Technikwissenschaften
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Low-carbon technologies for the global steel transformation : a guide to the most effective ways to cut emissions in steelmaking (2024)
    Berlin : Agora Industry
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: The steel industry is responsible for eight per cent of global CO2 emissions. As more than seven out of ten of today's coal-fired blast furnaces are due to be refurbished or replaced in the 2020s, there is a key window of opportunity to shift to low-emission production methods before the end of this decade. The analysis by Agora Industry, Wuppertal Institute and Lund University assesses eight potential breakthrough technologies in terms of their market readiness, cost and impact on emissions. The methods analysed include the use of hydrogen to produce direct reduced iron, scrap-based electric arc furnaces, electrolysis and the implementation of carbon capture in existing coal-fired facilities. While some of these technologies can already be deployed today to kick-start the market for green steel, others will take more time to reach technological maturity, but show promise in the long-term. A third group may never turn into adequate solutions for decarbonising the steel sector. In their analysis, the scientists conclude that scrap and hydrogen-based methods hold the biggest promise for companies aiming to make the switch this decade. By contrast, retrofitting existing coal-based facilities with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology entails the biggest economic and environmental risk, the authors find. Regardless of the technologies chosen, appropriate regulatory frameworks, international cooperation, and targeted incentives are necessary to boost demand for green steel and promote its production. At the same time, such measures can help steer manufacturers away from costly technological dependencies.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    Reparatur von Klima- und Einzelraumheizgeräten : Kurzstudie zur Relevanz des Reparierbarkeits-Index (R-Score) (2024)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-22
    Description: Die Kurzstudie ist eine Entscheidungshilfe, um die potenzielle Einführung eines Reparierbarkeits-Index (R-Score) für Klima- und Einzelraumheizgeräte im Rahmen der Ökodesign-Richtlinie besser bewerten zu können. Das Ziel der Studie ist es, die Relevanz der Reparierbarkeit von diesen Gerätegruppen einschätzen zu können. Für die Ermittlung der Problemrelevanz wurde eine Befragung durchgeführt, sodass Stimmen von herstellenden Firmen und Verbänden, Großhandel, Installateur*innen, Handwerksbetrieben und Reparatureinrichtungen aufgenommen werden konnten. Die Autor*innen sprechen sich grundsätzlich bei beiden Produktgruppen für die Einführung eines Reparierbarkeits-Index aus und weisen darauf hin, dass für diese Produktgruppen die unabhängige Bewertung der Produktlebensdauer ein wichtiger Hebel ist, um die produktbezogenen Umweltauswirkungen zu reduzieren.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 21
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    A generative toolkit to help raise industrial design students' awareness of low metal recycling rates (2024)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Education for Sustainable Development requires raising individuals' awareness of problems relevant to the environment. We designed a Generative Toolkit that supports industrial design students carrying out a Speculative Design task and through this process initiates greater problem awareness of low metal recycling rates. In this paper we give insights into the Toolkit's theoretical derivation and the design process. Findings from testing suggest that there are several opportunities for improvement, such as considering further content-related competencies in the Toolkit's design.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 22
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    CbD (Circular by Design): Ressourcenwende über nachhaltiges Produktdesign von Konsumgütern am Fallbeispiel Kühl-/Gefriergerät : Abschlussbericht (2024)
    Freiberg : Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Im Projekt wird ein kreislauffähiges Produktdesign für Kühl-/Gefriergeräte auf Basis von im Labor- und Industriemaßstab ermittelten Daten entwickelt, das gleichermaßen energie- als auch ressourceneffizient ist. Übergreifendes Ziel war die modellhafte Weiterentwicklung eines Konsumgutes, das neben dem bereits bestehenden Fokus auf Energieeffizienz auch das Thema Ressourceneffizienz in den Blick nimmt. In der Konzeptphase wurden dazu verschiedene Ansätze entwickelt und mit einem Bewertungs- und Entscheidungstool ergänzt, das als Standard für weitere Konsumgüter dienen kann. Dabei wurde ein übertragbares Designkonzept zur Kreislaufführung der verwendeten Materialien von Konsumgütern am Beispiel eines Kühl-/Gefriergerät-Prototyps erstellt. Da die dafür erforderlichen Daten in der Literatur sowie über öffentlich zugängliche Datenbanken nicht vorhanden bzw. für Forschungseinrichtungen zugänglich waren, wurden diese über Labor- und Großversuch beim Recycling-Unternehmen Stena (Recular) selbst und damit in jedem Schritt nachvollziehbar erhoben. Auf dieser Grundlage wurden verschiedene Designoptionen, mit dem Fokus auf ein möglichst ressourceneffizientes und reparaturfreundliches Produkt zur Schaffung tatsächlich geschlossener Stoffkreisläufe und von Möglichkeiten für Repair/Reuse sowie neuer Geschäftsmodelle, entwickelt. Die Zusammenführung der Ressourceneffizienzanalyse mit einem multiregional erweiterten Input-Output-Modell wird zukünftig die Abschätzung der Recyclingfähigkeit von Produkten bereits im Designstadium ermöglichen und dadurch ein Design-for-Repair und/oder -Recycling unterstützen.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 23
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    Nutritional Components of Wheat Based Food: Composition, Properties and Uses (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint concerns topics on chemical, functional, and technological features of wheats to obtain wheat-based foods improved in phytochemicals. Genetic materials, from landraces to ancient and modern wheat varieties, characterized for their content of bioactive compounds, were exploited to produce superior staple foods. The study of other species allowed to identify functional ingredients, in wholemeals or in their by-products, useful in the enrichment of formulations for various cereal-based products. Further, in the optic of circular economy, it is of great interest the extraction of bioactive components from food processing waste belonging to the other crops to functionalize final products.
    Keywords: durum wheat ; diversity ; pigmented cereals ; phytochemicals ; anthocyanins ; antioxidant activity ; protein ; gluten ; wheat aleurone ; dietary fibre ; extraction process ; antioxidant ; bread ; arabinoxylans ; bakery ; biologically active substances ; DPPH assay ; nutritional value ; sensory properties ; pasta fortification ; hemp flour ; durum wheat cultivar ; amino acids ; fatty acids ; mineral fortification ; brewers’ spent grain ; bread-making ; circular economy ; common wheat ; emmer ; phenolics ; proteins ; sustainable food production ; bread wheat ; spelt ; fibre ; metabolites ; minerals ; fertilisation ; health benefits ; colour ; farinograph ; rheofermentograph ; viscoelastic behaviour ; bread shelf life ; crumb porosity ; cereals ; wholemeal ; biscuits ; phenolic acid compositions ; carotenoids ; consumer acceptance ; wheat quality ; genetic resources ; ancient wheat ; avocado wastes/by-products ; functional bread ; lactic acid bacteria ; sourdough ; peels ; pulp ; seeds ; polyphenols ; antioxidant properties ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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    Advances in Smart Materials and Structures (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Smart materials and structures are capable of active or passive changes in terms of shapes, properties, and mechanical or electromagnetic responses in reaction to an external stimulus, such as light, temperature, stress, moisture, pH, and electric or magnetic fields. They have attracted increasing interest for their enhanced performance and efficiency over a wide range of industrial applications, especially for aerospace. These require novel engineering approaches and design philosophies in order to integrate the actions of sensors, actuators, and control circuit elements into a single system that can respond adaptively to its surroundings. This reprint has collected cutting-edge research and recent advances in smart materials and structures, including seven original research papers and three review articles, co-authored by 65 scientists and engineers from 18 institutions and 3 industries. The research topics mainly cover advanced materials, applications of smart materials and structures, as well as recent development in sensing techniques. We hope this reprint will contribute to disseminating the latest progress in smart materials and structures, as well as stimulate the interest of its audience to work in this important and vibrant area to promote and benefit the multidisciplinary scientific communities.
    Keywords: textile-based mechanical sensors ; mechanism ; preparation ; advantages ; applications ; Artificial Neural Network (ANN) ; guided waves ; Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) ; Finite Element Analysis (FEA) ; damage detection ; metals ; composites ; aeroelastic stability ; bladed disk ; intentional mistuning ; piezoelectric material ; topological optimization ; microstructure ; high-entropy alloy ; mechanical property ; bipedal robot ; dynamics simulation ; MRE isolator ; vibration reduction control algorithms ; no-core fiber ; polyaniline ; polyacrylic acid ; pH sensor ; multimode interference ; gas foil bearing ; Inconel alloy ; sensing foil ; strain field ; temperature field ; thermomechanical coupling ; thermomechanical characterization ; rotor dynamics ; turbomachinery ; cholesteric liquid crystals ; electro-optic response ; polymer stabilization ; ion-trapping mechanism ; liquid metal ; stretchable conductor ; 3D printing ; high dynamic stability ; wearable devices ; biomimetic ; Venus flytrap ; smart ; composite ; mechanics ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
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    Advances in Characterizing and Addressing Land Degradation and Associated Ecosystem Responses (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Land degradation, exacerbated by climate change and rapid urbanization, poses significant threats to socio-economic development. There is an urgent need to explore land degradation and its associated ecosystem responses and the suitable pathways for sustainable development in urban and rural regions. This reprint comprises a collection of 16 articles, featuring 1 review article and 15 research articles. There are some key practical experiences and scientific findings to support the ecosystem change response to land degradation, through either theoretical works or empirical research, identifying the characteristics and solutions for sustainable development. Key scientific issues addressed include land use and land cover change, ecological impacts of urbanization, mechanisms of land degradation on ecosystems, and coordinated social, economic, and ecological development. This reprint encouraged scholars to share the latest advancements in the research framework, datasets, methods, and case studies for assessing land degradation and associated ecosystem responses. We expect this reprint will inspire broader reflection and discussion within academic community regarding the theories and practices concerning land degradation and associated ecosystem responses. It could be a valuable reference for exploring potential solutions towards achieving land degradation neutrality and promoting regional sustainable development.
    Keywords: ecological compensation ; ecosystem services ; opportunity cost ; ecological compensation priority ; land degradation ; dust emission ; wind erosion ; dust models ; dust cycle ; carbon cycle ; livestock carrying capacity risk ; planting and breeding balance ; northeast China ; farmland circulation ; differential circulation features ; driving mechanism ; plot level ; plains and mountainous areas ; Zhangye City ; ecological carrying capacity ; supply and demand ; priority areas ; agricultural ecological efficiency ; spatial-temporal evolution ; SBM model ; spatial Markov chain ; spatiotemporal changes ; driving factors ; agro-pastoral transitional zone ; management ; Bashang Plateau ; Populus simonii forest ; optimal plant cover ; leaf-area index ; Biome-BGC model ; urban resilience ; land use/cover change ; urbanization ; carbon neutrality ; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration ; surface thermal environment ; standard deviation ellipse ; Shijiazhuang ; wildfires ; natural protected areas ; decision support system ; scenario-based analysis ; soil salinity ; sodicity ; GIS ; RS ; leaching and gypsum requirement ; carbon and nitrogen pools ; soil quality ; carbon and nitrogen management index ; land use ; arid environment ; eco-compensation ; ecosystem service value ; PAHs pollution ; risk assessment ; industrial legacy sites ; vertical distribution ; land reuse ; drylands ; sediment connectivity ; degradation ; land use and land cover change (LULCC) ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    Sustainable Supply Chains in Industrial Engineering and Management (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The integration of information technologies with industry has marked the beginning of the fourth industrial revolution and promoted the development of industrial engineering. However, the depletion of resources and industrial waste caused by increasing amounts of industrial production pose a huge threat to nature. The application of sustainable supply chains in industrial engineering and management is one of the ways to balance the economy, society and environment. Therefore, it is a key concern for us to explore the construction of sustainable supply chains in industrial engineering and management. Moreover, to understand the impact of low-carbon, sustainable and recycled supply chains on industrial engineering, we need more in-depth investigations.This Special Issue aims to solicit original research and review articles discussing sustainable supply chain decision-making in industrial engineering and management to improve the sustainability of enterprise operations. Moreover, this Special Issue also shows mixed methods (e.g., modeling plus a case study) and rigorous quantitative/qualitative empirical studies of sustainable supply chains.
    Keywords: coordination degree model ; logistics industry ; digital economy ; industrial integration ; regional IEE system ; multimodel decision ; coupling coordination ; decision support methods ; online retailer ; consumer purchase behavior ; return strategy ; return insurance ; supply chain management ; real-time ; home delivery ; business modeling ; e-commerce ; time window ; lightweight ; carbon emissions ; low carbon benefits ; optimization design ; wheel hub ; subsidy policy ; remanufacturing industry ; donation strategy ; prisoner’s dilemma ; water-efficient products ; quality improvement ; DMAIC ; smart water closets ; carbon abatement ; cost sharing ; capital constraint ; environmental externality ; innovative products ; remanufacturing ; differential game ; bass model ; strategic emerging industries ; industrial structure ; employment effect ; artificial intelligence hardware ; data classification ; deep learning ; emission control ; industrial manufacturing ; bilateral matching decision making ; interval-valued hesitant fuzzy information ; bidirectional projection technology ; organizational quality-specific immunity ; automotive supply chain disruption ; supply chain resilience ; disruption risk ; bibliometric analysis ; co-citation analysis ; NGU ; self-attention ; CNN ; silver prediction ; data-driven ; composite systems ; synergy ; sustainability ; blockchain ; collection channel ; recycling strategies ; uncertain demand ; game theory ; federated learning ; intelligent manufacturing ; sustainable energy ; low-carbon strategy ; livestreaming marketing mode ; consumer low-carbon preference ; level of low-carbon promotion effort ; power structures ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies
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    Promising Research and Strategies in Wastewater Treatment, Sludge Management and Valorization (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Rapid urbanization and industrialization, in addition to the presence of new pollutants, make it necessary to search for new wastewater treatment technologies to achieve future water quality requirements. Additionally, waste reduction and the reuse of treated wastewater seem to be excellent options to realize the concept of a circular economy. This Reprint compiles the latest research on relevant wastewater treatment concerns, including the occurrence of emerging contaminants and their removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), novel technologies for wastewater and sludge treatment, sludge valorization, the transformation of agricultural residues into materials for wastewater treatment, biodegradation of recalcitrant compounds, etc.
    Keywords: wastewater treatment ; emerging pollutants ; agricultural waste valorization ; biodegradation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    Computational Mechanics of Structures and Materials (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The vast number of recently published research papers on computational and numerical methods for solving various structural problems proves that this topic has great potential, and the further advancements that can be accomplished are still numerous.This reprint contains innovative investigations dealing with accurate, reliable, and effective numerical approaches in the field of both structural mechanics and the mechanics of materials.In particular, these studies present a numerical analysis focused on the development of finite-element or finite-element-based methods for novel problems, as well as different computational techniques involving the solution of those problems that require the development of numerical methods to obtain approximate but accurate solutions.In any circumstance, the contributing authors have emphasized the novelty of their approaches, highlighting the improvements with respect to the existing literature. Much attention has also been dedicated to the numerical investigations of advanced and innovative materials, as well as multiscale analyses, employed in many engineering fields, such as civil, mechanical, and aerospace engineering.
    Keywords: Computational mechanics ; Numerical methods ; Advanced and innovative constituents ; Solids mechanics ; Structural analyses ; FE and FE-based methods ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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    70th Year Anniversary of Carbon Nanotube Discovery—Focus on Real World Solutions (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This Special Issue reprint highlights seventy years since the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in 1952 by Russian scientists LV Radushkevich and VM Lukyanovich in what was then the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the USSR. It also reflects the popularization by the well-known Japanese scientist S Iijima, since 1991, of carbon nanostructures, including CNTs, towards nanotechnology as a forever impactful and inspiring field. For researchers, academics, and teachers of all levels, from novice to expert to guru, the articles contained within this Special Issue are themed around sustainability from nanotechnology, pertaining to diameter measurement, rotor system molecular simulation, ultra-high tensile strength, energy, filtration via membrane distillation, environmental remediation using adsorption, ionic liquids as curing agents, biosensors and bioinspired sensors, and electrical/mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. The CNT is a legacy 1D nanomaterial, only after which was 2D graphene able to emerge. This is a global and mixed-country authorship Special Issue, with this reprint containing articles from Canada, Saudi Arabia, China, Russia, Spain, India, Japan, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the USA, Germany, Turkiye, and Malaysia. The Guest Editor is from Singapore and began publishing critical work on the CNT-polymer interface towards the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite up to 20 years ago.
    Keywords: CNTs ; MWCNTs ; SWCNTs ; polymer composite ; mechanical performance ; flexible capacitive sensors ; bioinspired spinosum ; CNT/PDMS nanocomposite ; tires ; transmission system ; carbon nanotube (CNT) ; hydroxyl groups ; response speed ; energy dissipation ; carbon nanotubes ; carbon nanotube fibers ; tensile strength ; defect control ; controlled preparation ; dielectric polymer composites ; permittivity ; polymer nanocomposite ; electrical conductivity ; mixing ; polymer blends ; electromagnetic interference shielding ; carbon nanotube ; filler migration ; polyethylene ; lead ; arsenic ; adsorption ; poly(amidoamine) ; silver nanoparticles ; biosensor ; virus ; SARS-CoV-2 ; toxicity ; biocompatibility ; electrospinning ; electrospraying ; nanomaterials ; nanostructured membrane ; nanocomposites ; seawater desalination ; temperature polarization ; flux ; solar energy ; dye degradation ; surface plasmon resonance effect ; TiO2/rGO/Ag ; hybrid nanostructures ; phosphorus ; encapsulation ; lithium-ion batteries ; atomic force microscopy ; diameter ; nanometrology ; epoxy resin ; ionic liquid ; nanocomposite ; curing agent ; dispersing agent ; mechanical properties ; lap shear ; conductivity ; melt-mixing ; polymer composites ; SWCNT ; PMMA ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES 2022) (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Implementing sustainable development is central to achieving global reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating anthropogenic environmental impacts. As defined by the UN 2030 Agenda and its associated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), sustainable development requires a holistic, interdisciplinary approach, which is not without its challenges. Indeed, studies tracking global progress toward meeting the 2030 SDG targets emphasize the importance of implementing sustainable solutions, with several SDG targets described as 'off track.' Therefore, there is an urgent need to address the challenges of an interdisciplinary, unified, and practical approach to sustainable implementation. In this context, this Reprint brings together 15 selected papers presented during the 2022 SDEWES Conference. These papers cover a broad range of topics, from circular governance models to education related to sustainable practices, as well as the impacts of current legislative frameworks targeting energy efficiency, built environment energy performance, bio-based industrial applications, transport and sustainable energy services, and production, supply, and infrastructure maintenance strategies. This Reprint provides an interdisciplinary and holistic perspective on sustainable development solutions, with several papers highlighting the interrelations between various fields and aspects of sustainability.
    Keywords: combined heat and power ; hospitality ; feasibility ; sensitivity analysis ; simple payback ; energy performance certificate ; CO2 ; multi-apartment buildings ; heating ; energy consumption ; cooling ; performance-based retrofit ; decision support ; building performance simulation ; parametric analysis ; multiple-criteria decision analysis ; residential buildings ; in-line inspection ; smart pig ; sensor ; oil ; natural gas ; pipeline ; environment ; biorefinery ; organosolv ; lignin ; pre-treatment ; higher education ; competencies development ; STEM education ; sustainability ; colloidal particles ; Pickering emulsion ; rheological behaviour ; ESCO business models ; aggregator business models ; energy services for buildings ; energy performance contract ; Pay-for-Performance contract ; energy efficiency in buildings ; demand response ; demand side flexibility ; residential sector ; governance ; circular economy ; circular territories ; index ; circularity ; thermal transmittance ; thermal resistance ; finite element method ; heat flux sensor ; in situ monitoring ; concrete masonry unit ; hydrogen ; water ; wastewater ; electrolysis ; water scarcity ; wastewater treatment plants ; desalination ; Jordan ; system dynamics ; thermal comfort ; Minha Casa Minha Vida ; natural ventilation ; bioclimatic architecture ; social housing ; energy poverty ; battery electric vehicles ; plug-in hybrid electric vehicles ; hybrid electric vehicles ; CO2 emissions ; Hofstede ; advertising ; sustainability integration ; Middle East ; supply chain management ; responsible logistics ; education for SDGs ; natural gas pipelines ; nondestructive testing (NDT) ; in-line inspection robot ; wireless communication ; antenna ; circular waveguide ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    Microfluidic Bio-Sensors and Their Applications (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The reprint will help young readers discover systematic research and reviews of the various topics in the field of microfluidic-based biosensing. This reprint contains empirical studies and systematic reviews regarding the use of microfluidic technology in biosensing and its applications in point-of-care system development.
    Keywords: Microfluidic Chip ; integrated sensing ; Diagnostic ; Point-of-care. ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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    Recent Advances in Motion Planning and Control of Autonomous Vehicles (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Autonomous vehicles are increasingly prevalent, navigating both structured urban roads and challenging offroad scenes. At the core of these vehicles lie the planning and control modules, which are crucial for demonstrating the intelligence inherent in an autonomous driving system. The planning module is responsible for devising an open-loop trajectory, taking into account a variety of environmental restrictions, task-related demands, and vehicle-kinematics-related constraints, while the control module ensures adherence to this trajectory in a closed-loop manner. This adherence is vital in a range of conditions, including diverse weather scenarios, different driving situations, and in response to potential disturbances such as mechanical failures or cyber threats. In certain contexts, these modules are collectively referred to as 'control', with the planning component considered an open-loop controller. This Special Issue focuses on the latest research trends in planning and control methods for autonomous driving. It comprises 11 papers that cover a broad spectrum of applications, including occlusion-aware motion planning in warehouses, control strategies for articulated vehicles, cooperative trajectory planning for autonomous forklifts, and tracking control for underwater vehicles in the face of disturbances and uncertainties. These contributions collectively underscore the diverse and evolving nature of autonomous vehicle technology.
    Keywords: autonomous vehicle ; infrared positioning ; occlusion-aware path planning ; numerical optimal control ; dynamic programming ; quadratic program ; underground intelligent vehicles ; path planning ; RRT* algorithm ; articulated vehicles ; unmanned driving ; spatial exploration ; hierarchical framework ; deep reinforcement learning ; intrinsic motivation ; obstacle avoidance ; data-driven control ; time delay neural network ; drift control ; autonomous driving ; nonlinear model predictive control ; brain–computer interface (BCI) ; steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) ; electroencephalography (EEG) ; threatening pedestrians ; eye-tracking ; automated vehicle ; trajectory planning ; narrow corridor scene ; space discretization strategy ; articulated tracked vehicle ; adaptive model predictive control ; Hybrid A-star ; trajectory tracking ; kinematics ; improved A* algorithm ; GIS ; open-pit mine ; autonomous truck ; scheduling ; artificial bee colony algorithm ; autonomous forklift ; cooperative trajectory planning ; joint dispatching and planning ; Hybrid A* search algorithm ; artificial neural network ; autonomous underwater vehicle ; tube model predictive control ; path tracking ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades
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    Kantian Ethics and the Attention Economy (2024)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In this open access book, Timothy Aylsworth and Clinton Castro draw on the deep well of Kantian ethics to argue that we have moral duties, both to ourselves and to others, to protect our autonomy from the threat posed by the problematic use of technology. The problematic use of technologies like smartphones threatens our autonomy in a variety of ways, and critics have only begun to appreciate the vast scope of this problem. In the last decade, we have seen a flurry of books making “self-help” arguments about how we could live happier, more fulfilling lives if we were less addicted to our phones. But none of these authors see this issue as one involving a moral duty to protect our autonomy.
    Keywords: Kantian ethics ; technology ; social media addiction ; artificial intelligence ; distraction ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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    3D Printing of MEMS Technology (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Three-dimensional printing is among the emerging technologies of our time. While it was previously primarily employed for rapid prototyping, this technology has entered a phase of accelerated production, especially for complicated or small objects. Most recently, novel 3D printing technologies have enabled objects with features at the micro- or even nano-scale to be fabricated. Meanwhile, well-known problems such as the waviness of fused deposition modeling (FDM)-printed parts, the missing long-term stability of some typical printing materials or the reduced mechanical properties of 3D-printed objects persist.This Special Issue focusses on all topics related to the 3D printing of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), such as novel or advanced features enabled by 3D printing compared to conventional technologies, but also the challenges that continue to exist regarding the application of 3D printing technologies for MEMS and new approaches to overcoming them.
    Keywords: 3D printing ; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) ; microelectronics ; microfluidics ; microsensors ; microactuators ; inkjet printing ; zinc oxide ; heat treatment ; micro-heater ; semiconductor ; 2D printhead ; thermal inkjet ; thin-film resistors ; digital light processing ; projection micro-stereolithography ; micro beam ; fabrication ; additive manufacturing technology ; powder bed fusion ; surface geometrical parameters (SGP) ; lathe chuck jaws ; polymethylmethacrylate ; additive manufacturing ; fused deposition modeling ; passive ; pipeline ; pressure ; reactive impedance sensor ; structural health monitoring ; wireless ; DNA printing ; flow estimation ; MEMS ; ferrite materials ; magnetic thin films ; strontium ferrite nanomaterial ; relative permeability ; relative permittivity ; thermopneumatic ; micro actuator ; soft bellows actuator ; independent actuation ; polydimethylsiloxane ; standalone ; aerosol jet printing ; dielectric ; etching ; polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polymers ; sacrificial material ; micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) ; lithium niobate microring resonator ; silicon nitride waveguide ; photolithography assisted chemo-mechanical etching ; colorimetric device ; organophosphorus pesticide residues ; LCD mask photo-curing ; PolyJet 3D printing ; fidelity of 3D printing ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    Sustainable Production of Metals for Low-Carbon Technologies (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: A high demand for metals (cobalt, copper, gold, lithium, nickel, tin, vanadium, etc.) has been recorded for the past several decades, and this demand is expected to increase even further in the coming decades as the world moves to low-carbon technologies based on renewable energy sources (RESs) and electric vehicles (EVs) and away from the heavy use of fossil fuels. To meet the high forecasted demand, unconventional sources of metals such as low-grade complex ores, seafloor massive sulfides (SMSs), and wastes (e.g., tailings, metallurgical residues, and electronic wastes (e-wastes)) have become very important sources of metals; moreover, these metals should be extracted in a sustainable manner without negatively impacting the environment. This Special Issue focused on recent advances in the sustainable production of metals from the above-mentioned unconventional sources.This reprint is a compilation of a Special Issue of Minerals, “Sustainable Production of Metals for Low-Carbon Technologies”, where 13 papers contributed by experts in the area were published. Papers published in this Reprint cover a wide range of topics, including mineral processing (gravity concentration, magnetic separation, and flotation), hydrometallurgical techniques (leaching, solvent extraction, and cementation) to extract minerals/metals from primary and secondary resources. All the papers are of high scientific value and will be of great interest to readers of Minerals.
    Keywords: flotation circuit ; gold ore ; diagnosis ; optimization ; mass balance ; process simulation ; printed circuit boards ; heat treatment ; strength ; liberation ; Cu recovery ; physical separation ; ferronickel slag ; sulfuric acid leaching ; light magnesium oxide ; rare earth elements ; magnetic separation ; upgradation ; Khalzan Buregtei deposit ; NiMH batteries ; rare earth metals ; leaching ; solvent extraction ; precipitation ; gold ; cementation ; galvanic interaction ; aluminum ; activated carbon ; kinetics ; ammonium thiosulfate solution ; mass transfer ; fluorine ; occurrence ; removal ; gravity-flotation separation ; lignite ; lead ; zinc ; Al metal powder ; zinc plant leach residues ; flotation ; copper sulfides ; tailings ; carrier flotation ; flocculation ; oil agglomeration ; complex sulfide ores ; sphalerite ; anglesite ; extraction ; lithium ion battery ; recycling ; carbothermic reduction ; graphite ; porphyry copper deposits ; chalcopyrite ; pyrite ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTU Mining technology and engineering
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    Aluminum Alloys and Aluminum-Based Matrix Composites (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Aluminum alloys and aluminum matrix composite materials have become the first choice to replace steel materials due to their high specific strength. The penetration rate of light alloys in new energy vehicles, the aerospace industry, and the rapid rail transit industry is increasing quickly. The reduction in energy consumption resulting from structural weight reduction is the key element for sustainable development. For example, every 100 kg reduction in car mass can save 0.6 L of fuel per 100 kilometers and reduce the emission of 800–900 g of carbon dioxide. For every 10% reduction in the weight of new energy vehicles, their range can be increased by 5.5% (for every 10 kg reduction in the weight of pure electric vehicles, their range can be increased by 2.5 km). The comprehensive proportion of aluminum alloys in automobiles will reach about 26% by 2040. The vigorous development of the automotive manufacturing industry has provided a huge application scenario for aluminum alloy profiles, aluminum alloy castings, and forgings. In addition, the use of aluminum in aerospace and high-speed rail is even more widely recognized. This Special Issue summarizes research on and the application of aluminum alloys of typical composition, including AlZnMgCu, AlCu, AlMn, and even Ti-aluminum alloys.
    Keywords: AlZnMgCu alloy ; AlMgSi alloy ; AlSiMgCu alloy ; AlCu alloy ; Deformation ; Modeling ; Properties ; Microstructure ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    The 3rd International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The 3rd International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering 2023 (ICAME-23) was organized on 24th August 2023 by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST). All the articles are single-blindfold reviewed. The acceptance rate of the conference was 65%. ICAME is held annually and welcame high-quality theoretical and empirical original research papers, case studies, and review papers from researchers, academicians, professionals, practitioners, and students worldwide. ICAME-23 accepted research papers in the discipline of: Experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics; Thermodynamics and heat transfer analysis; Machine and Mechanisms; Design and Solid Mechanics; Manufacturing, Production and Industrial Engineering; Engineering and Technology Management; Renewable Energy and Environmental Engineering; Bioengineering; Materials and Failure Analysis; Other Related Fields. The ICAME-23 conference provided a platform for the national and international speakers/participants to present their state-of-the-art research work to diverse audiences from academia and industry. The conference proceedings are published in the Engineering Proceeding of MDPI, Switzerland. All the articles are individually indexed and are citable via Digital Object Identification (DOI).
    Keywords: Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
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    Ancient Egypt, New Technology (2024)
    Brill
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This volume of collected studies takes stock of most recent developments in Egyptology and the Digital Humanities, considering future directions for the application of new technologies in Egyptology. The book presents the results of an international conference held in 2019 at Indiana University – Bloomington, in which Egyptologists and digital humanists with interest in Egyptology gathered in 2019 to present current projects in 3D modeling, virtual and augmented reality, game technology, digital pedagogy, database projects, computational and corpus linguistics and E-publications. Those projects, along with a selection of others that were not presented in Bloomington, are now described and discussed in this volume.
    Keywords: 3D modelling ; 3D technology ; Archaeology ; Art History ; Computational Analysis ; Digital Humanities ; Digitization ; Egyptology ; Linguistics ; Philology ; Photogrammetry ; Virtual Heritage ; Virtual Reality ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology::NKD Archaeology by period / region ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1Q Other geographical groupings: Oceans and seas, historical, political etc::1QB Historical states, empires, territories and regions::1QBA Ancient World::1QBAE Ancient Egypt ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3C BCE period – Protohistory
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    Translating Technology in Africa. Volume 1: Metrics (2024)
    Brill
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Translating Technology in Africa brings together authors from different disciplines who engage with Science and Technology Studies (STS) to stimulate curiosity about the diversity of sociotechnical assemblages on the African continent. The contributions provide detailed praxeographic examinations of technologies at work in postcolonial contexts. The series of 5 volumes aims to catalyse the development of a field of research that is still in its infancy in Africa and promises to offer novel insights into past, present, and future challenges and opportunities facing the continent. The first volume, on "Metrics", explores practices of quantification and digitisation. The chapters examine how numbers are aggregated and how the resulting metrics shape new realities. Contributors include Kevin. P. Donovan, Véra Ehrenstein, Jonathan Klaaren, Emma Park, Helen Robertson, René Umlauf and Helen Verran
    Keywords: access to information ; algorithmic decision-making ; carbon ; concept possession ; credit ; digital infrastructure ; digital labour ; Gabon ; Kenya ; machine-learning models ; measurement ; Nigeria ; platforms ; privacy ; quantification ; remote sensing ; South Africa ; tropical forests ; Uganda ; Yorùbá ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1H Africa
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    Sustainable Biopolymer-Based Composites: Processing, Characterization, and Application (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The reprint, titled ”Sustainable Biopolymer-Based Composites: Processing, Characterization, and Application”, is composed of 32 scientific works of scholars that contributed their own expertise passion, and science to expand the boundaries of knowledge by addressing new challenges. The topic of new biopolymer-based composite materials is addressed from several aspects, from the development to characterization and application, in several fields of scientific interest.
    Keywords: biopolymer-treated soil ; Xanthan Gum ; Guar Gum ; soil strength ; durability ; cyclic wetting-drying ; biodegradability ; carbon nanotubes ; graphene ; life cycle analysis ; nanocomposites ; packaging ; remediation ; starch ; aging ; coarse wool fibre ; hybrid composites ; natural rubber ; PALF ; sisal fibre ; mulch films ; biopolymers ; SDGs ; plastic pollution ; polymers ; microfluidics ; lab-on-chip ; biomedical engineering ; drug carrier ; artificial cell ; 3D bioprinting ; hydrogel films ; gelatin ; antimicrobial activity ; food packaging ; TGA ; biocomposites ; renewable sources ; wood waste ; waste valorization ; primerless-wet bonding ; resin adhesive system ; hybrid layer ; tensile bond strength ; micro-seal ; luting resin ; dental prosthesis ; fixed prosthodontics ; bioplastics ; conventional polymers ; renewable resources ; LCA ; fish collagen ; fish industry waste ; collagen extraction ; nano collagen ; sustainability ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) ; cellulose nanofiber ; bionanocomposite ; melt-extrusion processing ; optimization ; response surface methodology ; acrylonitrile butadiene rubber ; fish scale ; bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide ; composite ; compatibilizer ; collagen biopolymer ; unicornfish bone ; acid extraction ; characterization ; biocompatible ; biodegradable ; scaffolds ; tissue engineering ; lignin biopolymer ; erosion ; triaxial test ; wetting and drying cycles ; silt ; green macroalga ; red sea ; Chaetomorpha linum ; cellulose nanocrystals ; green silver nanoparticles ; bio-nanocomposite films ; optical properties ; Torenia fournieri ; zinc oxide nanoparticle ; smart packaging sensors ; wound healing ; biodegradable plastic ; circular economy ; pineapple ; tensile strength ; silver nanoparticles ; green synthesis ; Piper betle L. leaf ; pig lining leather ; antibacterial activity ; antifungal activity ; polylactic acid (PLA) ; spent coffee grounds (SCG) ; rheological properties ; mechanical properties ; chitosan ; nanofiber ; preparation ; applications ; wound dressing ; acetylation ; flour ; physicochemical properties ; modification ; wound dressings ; hydrogel ; honey ; natural polymer ; synthetic polymer ; PLA ; biodegradation ; sports equipment manufacturing ; arrowroot starch ; heat-moisture treatment ; octenylsuccinilation ; dual-modification ; functional properties ; glabridin ; 3-O-Ethyl-L-ascorbic acid ; tranexamic acid ; microneedles ; pigmentation ; multifunctional drug ; hydrophilic bioplastics ; gum Arabic ; polyvinyl alcohol ; casting of poly-(methyl methacrylate) ; dehydration ; phosphorus pentoxide ; peeling ; microbial biodegradation ; green composites ; stem fiber ; crystallinity ; thermal behavior ; reinforcement material ; pineapple leaf fiber ; flax ; poly(butylene succinate) ; unidirectional composites ; microstructure ; sustainable materials ; epoxy resin ; Schiff base ; epoxidized soybean oil ; epoxy vitrimer ; reprocessability ; recyclability ; agroindustrial wastes ; biomaterials ; cellulose ; lignocellulosic biomass ; polylactic acid ; coir fiber ; bamboo leaf fiber ; annealing ; biocomposite ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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    Innovation in Chemical Plant Design (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Innovation in chemical plant design is driving improvements in efficiency, safety, and environmental sustainability. This progress is influenced by factors such as safety standards, environmental regulations, market dynamics, and technological advancements. Innovations encompass process intensification, modular design, automation, data analytics, and sustainability solutions, addressing modern challenges. These innovations have diverse applications, spanning drug delivery systems, textile technologies, spray drying, extraction, and active packaging. Notably, supercritical fluid-assisted production of liposomes in pharmaceuticals promises improved therapeutic outcomes through meticulous optimization and sustainability. The textile industry sees advancements in natural dyeing and antibacterial properties, while spray-drying and extraction processes enhance product development and sustainability. Integration of remote sensing and microelectronics aids land surface temperature understanding for applications like agriculture and climate change studies. Convolutional Neural Networks benefit material science, facilitating material identification for energy storage and lubrication applications. Techno-economics for gas-to-liquid processes in natural gas are vital for energy and environmental sustainability. The industry's ongoing evolution prioritizes safety, sustainability, and efficiency, relying on innovative approaches and technologies to create safer, more sustainable, and economically viable chemical processes with reduced environmental impact, contributing to a prosperous and sustainable future.
    Keywords: supercritical fluids ; mass spectroscopy ; ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography ; cytotoxic compound ; phytosterol ; stigmasterol ; supercritical antisolvent ; micronization ; coprecipitation ; biomedical field ; drug delivery ; Wendita calysina ; burrito ; supercritical fluid extraction ; fractional separation ; D-carvone ; anticancer ; antimicrobial ; liposomes ; carbon dioxide ; high pressure systems ; antibiotics ; lutein ; Weibull model ; techno-economic analysis ; GtL ; Fischer–Tropsch ; ASPEN–Python ; Monte Carlo simulation ; pharmaceutical applications ; biomedical ; graphite ; classification ; transfer learning ; focal loss ; convolution neural network ; supercritical fluid impregnation ; electrospinning ; solvent casting ; antioxidant packaging ; materials optimization ; Landsat 8 LST product ; MODIS ; spatiotemporal fusion ; validation ; electroless nickel-electroless palladium-immersion gold ; Sn-58Bi ; ball grid array ; intermetallic compound ; deep eutectic solvent ; sustainable chemistry ; antioxidant activity ; Euterpe edulis ; experimental design ; spray drying ; agglomeration ; multiple nozzles ; single nozzle location ; air-atmospheric plasma ; mordant ; natural dye ; cotton ; antibacterial activity ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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    Building Energy and Environment (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In the face of the formidable challenge posed by global climate change, the imperative to transform the building sector into a bastion of sustainable practices has never been more urgent. The Reprint of the Topic “Building Energy and Environment” is a compendium of cutting-edge research and innovative solutions that aims to propel the construction industry towards the goals of “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutrality”.
    Keywords: low-carbon and green buildings ; building design ; building construction ; building operation ; renewable energy ; building health ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    Sustainable Composite Construction Materials (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Often, a project's sustainability is centred on building services and energy, but we need to have a comprehensive view of how we integrate deeper sustainability. Traditionally, we have neglected embodied carbon generated during building construction, which has led to significant carbon emissions over the last few decades, causing global warming and other related problems. The aim of this Special Issue was to collect the results of research and practice experiences in sustainable building structures, made from steel, concrete, timber, and other composite materials. Dr Roy and Dr Ananthi warmly invited authors to submit their papers for potential inclusion in this Special Issue of “Sustainable construction using steel, concrete, timber, and other composite materials”, in the journal of Journal of Composites Science.
    Keywords: ground waste tire rubber ; hollow concrete brick ; fractal ; finite element analysis ; compressive strength ; acoustic absorption ; eco-sustainability ; glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) rods ; concrete slab ; high-volume fly ash ; moment–curvature ; ductility ; SFRC (steel-fiber-reinforced concrete) ; conventional RCC slab ; plastic hinge length ; repeated loading and composite material ; glass-fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets ; flexural behaviour ; cracking behaviour ; load–deflection ; carbon footprint of cement ; bagasse ash composites ; green concrete ; pozzolanic ; sustainable construction ; pultruded glass-fiber-reinforced polymer ; engineered cementitious composite ; cyclic loading ; steel fiber reinforced concrete beam ; carbon fiber mesh ; jacketing ; monotonic loading ; HDPE ; quartz sand ; bitumen ; compression testing ; water absorption test ; efflorescence test ; self-sensing ; reinforced concrete beam ; mortar ; fibre ; electrical resistance ; carbon fibre ; electrically conductive filler ; brass fibre ; transfer learning ; crack detection ; concrete wall ; convolutional neural network ; structural health monitoring ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    Application of Data-Driven Method for HVAC System (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint, entitled “Application of data-driven method for HVAC System”, is dedicated to providing an overview of the latest achievements in the application of data-driven methods for HVAC systems. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: fault detection and diagnosis of HVAC systems; energy consumption prediction; model predictive control; data mining and analysis of HVAC systems; data mining and analysis of building environment; energy conservation; energy saving.
    Keywords: indoor air quality ; high occupancy rate ; natural ventilation ; university building ; intelligent packaging ; temperature ; humidity ; supply chain ; food waste ; food quality ; food preservation ; transportation ; grain bin ; PCM ; phase change temperature ; energy saving ; PCM latent heat ; mobile public toilets ; thermal environment ; public health security ; mechanical ventilation ; aerosol transmission risk ; underground commercial buildings ; field measurement ; air distribution optimization ; M-cycle ; evaporative cooling ; solid desiccant ; humidification–dehumidification desalination ; water production ; load data analysis ; demand side management (DSM) ; rural home hotels ; cluster control strategy ; PCM storage ; air conditioning system ; pattern recognition ; clustering ; correlation analysis ; defrosting operation mode ; low-carbon substation ; climate zones ; envelope thermal design ; window to wall ratio ; shape factor ; chillers ; fault diagnosis ; fusion ; residual ; data ; air-conditioned bed system ; heat conduction heating ; convection heating ; thermal comfort ; energy conservation ; genetic algorithm ; existing office parks ; whole life cycle ; cost benefits ; carbon reduction ; retrofit ; relative humidity ; CO concentration ; CO2 concentration ; cooking procedure ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Advances in Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Special Issue entitled “Advances in Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering” is devoted to the publication of the latest research, field works, and laboratory investigations in the area of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. This Special Issue has published novel contributions in different areas of geotechnical and geomechanical engineering such as slope and embankment, tunneling and underground space technologies, pile and foundation, rock mechanics and rock blasting, excavation and leveling projects, ground improvement techniques, unsaturated soil, practical issues in soft soil, mining technology, geo-environmental engineering, new laboratory testing, applied geology for construction, and novel geotechnical construction methods. The focus of this reprint is on the development of computational methods for solving problems in the fields of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.
    Keywords: strength prediction ; brittle rock ; grain-structure representation ; micro-properties ; bonded block models ; Voronoi tessellation ; structure-type rockburst ; evolution mechanism ; particle flow code ; flat-joint model ; pre-grouting ; soft coal mass ; coal-grout structure ; shear behavior ; quality improvement ; rock strength ; tensile behaviour ; neuro-fuzzy ; regression ; non-destructive tests ; paste filling ; slicing mining ; false roof stability ; optimal false roof thickness ; tree-based techniques ; feature selection ; pile bearing capacity ; gradient boosted tree ; random forest ; in situ stress ; rock blasting ; crack propagation ; model test ; rheological deformation ; key stratum ; roadway groups ; roadway deformation ; surrounding rock control ; triaxial creep experiment ; cyclic loading and unloading ; elasto-visco-plastic strain ; irrecoverable strain ; tertiary creep stage ; nonlinear creep damage model ; high-altitude slope ; BP neural network ; freeze-thaw cycle ; geological conditions ; mining method ; soft broken complex ore body ; improved AHP ; comprehensive evaluation index ; blasting ; back-break ; SVM ; metaheuristic algorithms ; moth–flame optimization ; whale optimization algorithm ; tilted strata ; roadway ; nonuniform deformation ; physical simulation ; HFDEM ; numerical method ; rock fracture ; strain rate ; mining engineering ; backfill mining ; high-concentration backfill ; elastic modulus ; K-fold cross-validation ; mining ; rock engineering ; sensitivity analysis ; XGBoost ; limit equilibrium method (LEM) ; limit analysis ; accuracy ; slope stability ; homogenous slopes ; error accuracy classification chart ; physical and mechanical responses ; Egyptian granodiorite ; thermal damage threshold ; microstructure ; thermal constructions ; rock slope analysis ; limited analysis method ; numerical methods ; combined/hybrid finite–discrete element method ; FDEM ; non-renewable ; clean coal technology ; waste of resources ; “110 construction method” ; collapse settlement control ; moisture content ; dry–wet cycles ; cyclic loading ; injury mechanism ; acoustic emission RA-AF ; thermal effect prediction model ; uniaxial compressive strength ; static Young’s modulus ; artificial neural network ; multilinear regression ; rock mass ; hydraulic conductivity ; sustainability ; rock mechanics ; geotechnical engineering ; geomechanical engineering ; mining technology ; natural stones ; temperature ; fire ; thermal effect ; point load strength ; porosity ; color ; gloss ; automated mineral identification ; LBP ; classification ; texture feature ; liquefaction potential ; prediction ; Bayesian optimization ; support vector machines ; optimization ; Hoek–Brown criterion ; Mohr failure envelope ; Balmer’s equation ; limit equilibrium analysis ; modified Bishop approach ; active earth pressure ; unsaturated narrow backfill ; interlayer shear stress ; arching effect ; thin-layer element method ; tunnel excavation ; cut blasting method ; LLB method ; uncharged hole ; numerical simulation ; spectrum index ; water content ; hyperspectral information ; V-type firing pattern ; collision fragmentation ; RSA ; ANN ; coupled stress-hydro effect ; uniaxial loading ; infrared radiation ; warning threshold ; non-destructive monitoring ; alteration ; tunnel ; stress field ; deformation field ; plastic zone ; flyrock ; weathering index (WI) ; equilibrium optimizer (EO) ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; extreme learning machine (ELM) ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; high-water material ; seawater ; water-cement ratio ; strength ; mining method optimization ; difficult-to-mine complicated orebody ; multiple attribute decision making ; Pythagorean fuzzy sets and TOPSIS method ; mechanized upward horizontal layering method ; plateau alluvial-lacustrine deposits ; round gravelly soil ; large scale direct shear test ; shear strength parameters ; Erbil ; geotechnical characterization ; GIS ; ANFIS ; differential evolution ; firefly algorithm ; frozen rock mass blasting ; ice-filled crack ; explosion stress wave propagation ; attenuation factor ; UCS ; intelligent and statistical methods ; sedimentary rocks ; modulus of deformation ; RMR ; in situ testing ; modelling ; instrumentation ; failure risk ; element failure probability ; spatial variability ; stochastic groundwater level ; upper bound method ; rock joints ; shear strength ; scale effects ; normal stress ; JRC ; PFC simulation ; water inrush ; precursor ; strain energy ; normalized ; sustainable mine ; blast-induced flyrock ; LSSVM ; prediction models ; salt cavern ; underground gas storage ; continuum-discrete coupled method ; thermal-mechanical coupling ; thermal damage ; marble strength ; direct and indirect methods ; correlations analysis ; artificial intelligence techniques ; performance indicators ; resonant column test ; torsional simple shear test ; damping ratio ; steady-state vibration ; free vibration decay ; bibliometric analysis ; pile foundation ; sustainable structure ; VOS viewer ; Web of Science ; red clay ; desiccation cracking mechanism ; digital image correlation technology ; strain ; displacement ; mineral carbonation ; comminution energy ; stress–strain relationship ; elastic properties ; radial distribution function ; crown deformation ; underground caverns ; parametric study ; multiple linear regression ; twin tunnels ; 3D numerical analysis ; surface settlement ; field measurement ; geotechnical and geological conditions ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Mitleidsökonomie (2024)
    Beltz Juventa | Beltz Juventa
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: Im bundesdeutschen Kontext hat sich parallel und in Verschränkung zur sozialstaatlichen Armutsbekämpfung in der jüngeren Vergangenheit ein spendenbasiertes System der Armenhilfe etabliert: In der »neuen Mitleidsökonomie« geben Tafeln oder Kleiderkammern überschüssige Waren an eine wachsende Zahl bedürftiger Personen weiter. Millionen nutzen diese Angebote, um über die Runden zu kommen. So ist ein Schatten des Wohlfahrtsstaats entstanden, in dem Menschen auf die Spenden und das Mitleid Anderer angewiesen sind – ohne ein Recht auf verlässliche Hilfe zu haben.
    Keywords: Soziale Arbeit ; Soziologie ; Sozialpolitik ; Sozialstaat ; Armut ; Mitleid ; Armutsbekämpfung ; Spenden ; Mitgefühl ; Tafeln ; Helfen ; Armenhilfe ; Bedürftige Personen ; Kleiderkammer ; Suppenküche ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFA Poverty & unemployment
    Language: German
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    Machining: State-of-the-Art 2022 (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Machining continues to be a hot topic within the field of Mechanical Engineering, due to the fact that it allows for high precision and surface quality. Studies around machining remain extremely active, and there is still a strong demand for knowledge and development in this area. Sectors, such as the aeronautical industry, aerospace industry, defense industry, automotive industry and mold industry, are just some of the sectors that depend heavily on this manufacturing process to produce the components that the market requires. The industry continues to require increasingly reliable and competitive solutions, and it is up to science to study means of achieving these ends. This reprint seeks to compile a series of articles that contribute to the increasing knowledge in this area.
    Keywords: Machining ; Milling ; Turning ; Reviews ; Tool wear ; Coated tools ; Fiber metal laminates ; Inconel ; Duplex stainless steels ; Machining sustainability ; Sustainable coolants ; Machining time prediction ; Machining costs prediction.&nbsp ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
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    Digital Supply Chain Transformation (2024)
    Cardiff University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: Digital and communication technologies, from cloud computing, Internet of Things (IoTs), big data and analytics, to artificial intelligence (AI), robotics and blockchain, are having a profound impact on individuals, organisations and society. The devastation caused by the global Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the fact that digital transformation is no longer an option but a survival necessity. In the supply chain field, technology developments require companies to rethink the way they design and manage their supply chains, in order to cope with ever-growing customer expectations and to remain competitive in the marketplace. Meanwhile mega-trends and geo-political uncertainties such as Brexit, US-China trade wars and climate change have increased the pressure for supply chains to become more agile, resilient and sustainable. This edited book aims to provide readers with deep insights into how those emerging digital technologies, if deployed effectively, will allow organisations to reach the next level of operational effectiveness, and leverage emerging digital supply chain business models to transform their traditional supply chain into a sustainable digital supply chain ecosystem. The book brings together contributions from world-leading experts in supply chain digitalisation from both academia and industry, analysing cutting-edge developments observed in industries and drawing insights from the latest research in the field, such as EU Horizon 2020 project research. The contributors deliberately shy away from more established technological developments such as supply chain planning and execution systems, cloud computing and electronic platforms/networks. They focus entirely on the latest emerging digitalisation developments instead, bringing readers up to date so that they can appreciate how these are disrupting and will disrupt the status quo of supply chains. The target audiences include academics, students (undergraduates and postgraduates) and practitioners who are interested in supply chain digitalisation and transformation.
    Keywords: Digital platform; digital ecosystem; sustainability; Artificial intelligence; Blockchain or distributed ledger technology; Emerging technology; Digital transformation; Supply chain digitalisation or digitisation ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV9 Distribution and logistics management ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMN Business process / operations management ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    Leftovers lovers vs. haters : a latent class analysis on dinner leftover management behaviours (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-29
    Description: Leftovers are particularly at risk of being discarded, and therefore a main component of household food waste. This study provides insights into sources of heterogeneity in leftover management behaviours, with a particular focus on the use of meal kits providing matched portion and ingredient sizes, and identifies consumer segments via a latent class analysis. We investigate whether belonging to a segment with positive attitudes toward leftovers, and engagement in conscious leftover management behaviours decreases the amounts of dinner leftovers and food waste. Besides, we demonstrate that several food waste antecedents, emotions, personal norms, intention and dinner procurement routines elicit leftover management segment membership. In addition to examining such individual differences, we also investigate the role of meal-level determinants, in particular, whether meal kits heterogeneously affect dinner leftovers depending on the consumer's leftover management segment. Data was collected from 868 households from six countries, using an online survey and diaries. Results of the latent class analysis point towards five consumer segments. We found differences in dinner leftovers amount across classes and detected heterogeneous effects of meal kits. That is, meal kits were able to diminish leftovers in two segments, but not in the other segments. These results provide novel insights into consumer heterogeneity regarding the occurrence, antecedents, and potential solutions of leftovers and resulting household food waste. Implications for both theory and policy are discussed.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Metaanalyse zu Wasserstoffkosten und -bedarfen für die CO2-neutrale Transformation : Studie für den Landesverband Erneuerbare Energien NRW e.V. (LEE NRW) (2023)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Description: Seit Veröffentlichung der vom Landesverband Erneuerbare Energien NRW beauftragten und durch das Wuppertal Institut durchgeführten Studie "Bewertung der Vor- und Nachteile von Wasserstoffimporten im Vergleich zur heimischen Erzeugung" Ende 2020 haben sich die Rahmenbedingungen für den Wasserstoffhochlauf in Deutschland zum Teil deutlich geändert. Darüber hinaus ist zwischenzeitlich eine Reihe von Klimaschutz- und Transformationsstudien erschienen, mit teilweise neuen und differenzierten Einschätzungen zu Wasserstoff-Kosten und -Entwicklungspfaden. Dazu gehören insbesondere die als "Big Five" der Klimaneutralitätsszenarien bezeichneten Publikationen sowie weitere, spezifische H2-Analysen. Vor diesem Hintergrund sind die Ziele der vorliegenden Studie: 1. Eine Aktualisierung der Metaanalyse der oben genannten Wasserstoff-Studie aus dem Jahr 2020 - bezogen auf Kosten- und Mengen-Bandbreiten für die zukünftige Produktion und Bereitstellung von grünem und, soweit möglich, blauem Wasserstoff für Deutschland. 2. Eine kritische Einordnung der absehbaren Wasserstoff-Nachfrage in Deutschland, welche von der Wahl der Nutzungssektoren abhängt. 3. Eine kritische Diskussion und Einordnung der künftigen Rolle von blauem Wasserstoff, also der Frage, ob und inwiefern er eine sinnvolle Übergangslösung zu grünem Wasserstoff darstellen könnte.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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    Multikriterielle Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung im Rahmen kommunaler Wärmetransformationskonzepte (2023)
    Berlin : Forschungsverbund Erneuerbare Energien
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-19
    Description: Kommunale Wärmetransformationsprojekte verfolgen verschiedene Ziele gleichzeitig. In der Regel soll die Transformation einen Beitrag leisten, um die Treibhausgasemissionen der Wärmeversorgung zu senken. Gleichzeitig stehen aber weitere Ziele, u. a. die Sozialverträglichkeit, Akzeptanz und wirtschaftliche Tragfähigkeit im Fokus der Akteure. Dabei muss eine einseitige Zieloptimierung vermieden werden. Darüber hinaus erscheint es sinnvoll, den Beitrag der jeweiligen Konzepte zu den Nachhaltigkeitszielen im Blick zu behalten. Im Kontext kommunaler Wärmetransformationsprojekte geht es auf der Bedarfsseite darum, die Energieverbräuche für Raum- und Prozesswärme zu senken. Die Akteure auf Seiten der Abnehmer und Wärmenutzer:innen sind u. a. gewerbliche Unternehmen, die Wohnungswirtschaft, die öffentliche Hand und die Bewohner:innen. Auf der Versorgungsseite muss die Wärmebereitstellung von fossilen Energieträgern umgestellt werden auf regenerative Energien, wie Bioenergie, Solarthermie, Geothermie, Umgebungswärme und industrielle Abwärme. Daher treten hier als Akteure der Wärmewende nicht mehr nur Energieversorgungsunternehmen, Stadtwerke und Kommunen, sondern bspw. auch Industrieunternehmen als Abwärmequellen und Selbsterzeuger auf. Dieser Beitrag ordnet zunächst eine multikriterielle Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung in das Vorgehen kommunaler Wärmetransformationsprojekte ein. Anschließend werden Ansätze einer multikriteriellen Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung aus Projekten von FVEE- Mitgliedseinrichtungen dargestellt. Der dritte Abschnitt schließlich zeigt, wie diese in der Interaktion und Kommunikation mit den Akteuren genutzt werden können.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz der Wärmewende : aktuelle Forschung, Fallbeispiele und sozialverträgliche Lösungsansätze (2023)
    Berlin : Forschungsverbund Erneuerbare Energien
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-19
    Description: Es besteht Einvernehmen, dass die hohe Komplexität des Wärmesystems das zentrale Hindernis für die Wärmewende darstellt: Der Wärmebedarf im Industrie- und Gebäudesektor ist durch unterschiedliche Temperatur- und Nachfrageprofile aber auch durch verschiedene Geschäftsmodelle gekennzeichnet. Im Gebäudebereich sind darüber hinaus auch die vielfältigen Erwartungen und Präferenzen der Millionen von Investoren und Nutzern entscheidend, die über rein techno-ökonomische Überlegungen hinausgehen. Diese Systemkomplexität erschwert die Entwicklung von Strategien im Wärmesektor und hemmt unter anderem auch die Möglichkeiten für Technologieentwickler das Marktpotenzial ihrer Innovationen einzuschätzen. Fragen der Akzeptanz müssen folglich auf mehreren Ebenen Berücksichtigung finden, von Fragestellungen der Gesamtsystemanalyse bis hin zu einzelnen Umsetzungsprojekten. Entsprechend vielfältig ist die Forschung zur gesellschaftlichen Akzeptanz der Wärmwende im FVEE. Sie umfasst sowohl die Analyse von Nutzerpräferenzen bis hin zur gemeinsamen Gestaltung von Energiewendeprojekten, um die Gelingensbedingungen zu verbessern. Allen Ansätzen ist gemein, dass die vorherrschende technisch-ökonomische Betrachtung der Wärmewende erweitert wird: Es wird nach Faktoren geforscht, welche die Nutzer*innen beeinflussen und es werden gezielt Bereiche untersucht, welche das Potenzial für zukünftige Akzeptanzkonflikte haben. Des Weiteren gibt es Ansätze, die Akzeptanzfragen bereits im Entwicklungsprozess von Innovationen zu berücksichtigen. Abschließend, in Bezug auf die konkrete Umsetzung von Wärmetransformationsprojekten, werden verschiedene Methoden des Co-Designs entwickelt, erforscht und getestet. Im Folgenden werden einzelne Projekte aus den verschiedenen Bereichen vorgestellt.
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    Neubau und Transformation hocheffizienter Wärmenetze im Kontext der Dekarbonisierung und Flexibilisierung unserer Energiesysteme (2023)
    Berlin : Forschungsverbund Erneuerbare Energien
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-19
    Description: Fernwärme (FW) spielt aufgrund ihres Potenzials zur effizienten Integration erneuerbarer Energien (EE) und Abwärme eine entscheidende Rolle für die Umsetzung der Wärmewende. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden Herausforderungen, Maßnahmen und Trends sowie Projektbeispiele für die künftige Fernwärmeversorgung beleuchtet.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Transformation in der Industrie : Herausforderungen und Lösungen für erneuerbare Prozesswärme (2023)
    Berlin : Forschungsverbund Erneuerbare Energien
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-19
    Description: Der Beitrag stellt Ergebnisse aus der "AG Industrielle Prozesswärme" des Thinktanks IN4climate.NRW in Zusammenarbeit mit dem wissenschaftlichen Kompetenzzentrum Sci4Climate.NRW vor. Hier wurde in einem mehrjährigen Stakeholder-Prozess unter Einbindung von Wissenschaft, Politik und Unternehmen der energieintensiven Industrie in NRW ein Diskussionspapier entwickelt, welches in einem "Vier-Stufen- Modell" eine aus gesamtsystemischer Sicht optimale Vorgehensweise zur Dekarbonisierung bzw. Defossilisierung industrieller Prozesswärme aufzeigt. Flankierend werden über die Koautor:innen Technologie-Beispiele innerhalb des "Vier-Stufen-Modells" aufgezeigt.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Wasserstoff in der Energieversorgung und mögliche Importabhängigkeiten : der zukünftige Energieträger Wasserstoff (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-16
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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    Klimaneutrale Wärmeversorgung : Bedeutung für die Energiewende und Herausforderungen bei Technik, Wirtschaftlichkeit und Regulierungen (2023)
    Berlin : Forschungsverbund Erneuerbare Energien
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-16
    Description: Ca. 50 % des Endenergiebedarfes in Deutschland, wie auch im Mittel in Europa, sind Wärme. Die Energiewende kann also nur mit einer Wärmewende gelingen. Eine klimaneutrale Wärmeversorgung zeitnah zu erreichen muss daher wesentliches Ziel der Gesellschaft und der Politik der kommenden Jahre sein. Dies spiegelt sich auch in den Sektorenzielen der Bundesregierung wider: sowohl im Gebäudesektor als auch im Industriesektor werden deutliche Einsparungen der CO2-Emissionen erwartet, die wesentlich auf eine Umstellung der Wärmebereitstellung abzielen. In Jahr 2022 kamen zu dieser bereits bekannten Zielsetzung aus klimapolitischer Sicht durch den Krieg in der Ukraine weitere wesentliche Aspekte hinzu: In der öffentlichen Diskussion dominierte das Thema "Versorgungssicherheit" in der Wärmeversorgung von Gebäuden und Industrie. Gleichzeitig wurde Erdgas als billige und ausreichend zur Verfügung stehende "Brückentechnologie" in Frage gestellt und die hohen fossilen Energiepreise rückten einige bisher oft als zu aufwändig betrachtete nachhaltige Technologien schlagartig mehr ins Zentrum der Lösungen. Somit war 2022 das Jahr, in dem das Thema klimaneutrale Wärme bisher unbekannte Aufmerksamkeit erfuhr.
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    MENA-Fuels-Studie: Investitionsumfeld entscheidend für Import von Wasserstoff und Synfuels aus der MENA-Region (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-12
    Description: Wo werden zukünftig grüner Wasserstoff und synthetische Kraftstoffe produziert? Zu welchen Kosten können diese erzeugt werden? Und welchen Anteil hätte eine heimische Produktion daran? Die Ergebnisse der Studie MENA-Fuels zeigen, dass im Nahen Osten und Nordafrika langfristig sehr große kostengünstige Potenziale für grünen Strom, Wasserstoff und Synfuels bestehen. Die Berücksichtigung von Investitionsrisiken hat jedoch einen signifikanten Einfluss auf deren Kosten und damit auf die Wahl der potenziellen Exportländer.
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    Meta-analysis of the costs of and demand for hydrogen in the transformation to a carbon-neutral economy : study commissioned by the North Rhine-Westphalian Renewable Energy Association (LEE NRW e. V.) (2023)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-25
    Description: The production of green hydrogen in Germany is more competitive than expected compared to imports. This is the key finding of a meta-analysis conducted by the Wuppertal Institute on behalf of the North Rhine-Westphalia Association for Renewable Energies (Landesverband Erneuerbare Energien NRW). The hydrogen study focuses primarily on the year 2030 and beyond - and confirms the advantages of green hydrogen produced in Germany from domestic renewable energies, especially when the evaluation is viewed from a holistic system perspective.
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    Form follows recyclability? : Instruments for dissipation-aware product design (2023)
    Singapore : Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-08
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    SPACE_DS : towards a circular economy data space (2023)
    New York, NY : Association for Computing Machinery
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-08
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Dialoge zum Abfallvermeidungsprogramm II : Abschlussbericht (2023)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-08
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Requirements for a digital product passport to boost the circular economy (2023)
    Bonn : Gesellschaft für Informatik
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-08
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    Welche Rolle kann grünes Ammoniak bei der Dekarbonisierung Deutschlands spielen? (2023)
    Köln : Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-05
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    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Was ist der freiwillige Kohlenstoffmarkt - und welchen Beitrag leistet er für den Klimaschutz? (2023)
    München : acatech - Deutsche Akademie der Technikwissenschaften
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-05
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    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Digitalisation for a sustainable food system : opportunities for shaping production and consumption ; a study commissioned by Huawei Technologies Deutschland GmbH (2023)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Description: The food system faces a multitude of challenges, including high greenhouse gas emissions, threats to biodiversity, increased diet-related diseases due to unbalanced diets, and socially problematic complex supply chains. This requires not only a transformation of the agricultural economy but also a change in the diet and lifestyles of all consumers. Developing and using digital and technological innovations can help to solve these challenges. In this context, the study provides impulses on how digitalisation can contribute to transforming production and consumption and which prerequisites have to be given to achieve this. The study describes the approaches for digitalisation along the value chain. These include optimising the use of resources in agriculture - for example with the help of smart farming - and supporting consumers with digital tools and assistance systems - such as apps designed to support grocery shopping. In addition, new business models and a better connection between production and consumption processes are also possible. This includes, for example, new digital sales channels or tracking and communicating sustainability indicators such as CO2 emissions across all steps of the value chain in order to enable all stakeholders to take reliable action.
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    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Digitalisierung für ein nachhaltigeres Ernährungssystem: Potenziale zur Gestaltung von Produktion und Konsum ; eine Studie im Auftrag von Huawei Technologies Deutschland GmbH (2023)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Description: Das Ernährungssystem steht vor einer Vielzahl von Herausforderungen, wie unter anderem: hoher Treibhausgas-Emissionen, der Gefährdung der Biodiversität, der vermehrten ernährungsbedingten Krankheiten durch unausgewogener Ernährung sowie sozial-problematischen komplexen Lieferketten. Das erfordert nicht nur eine Transformation der Agrarwirtschaft sondern auch einen Wandel in den Ernährungs- und Lebensstilen aller Konsumierenden. Digitale und technologische Innovationen zu nutzen und weiterzuentwickeln kann helfen, diese Herausforderungen zu lösen. Vor diesem Hintergrund liefert die vorliegende Studie des Wuppertal Instituts Impulse, wie die Digitalisierung dazu beitragen kann Produktion und Konsum umzugestalten und welche Voraussetzungen dafür gegeben sein müssen. Die Studie beschreibt die Ansatzpunkte für die Digitalisierung entlang der Wertschöpfungskette. Dazu zählen die Optimierung des Ressourceneinsatzes in der Landwirtschaft, etwa mithilfe von Smart Farming, die Unterstützung von Verbraucher*innen durch digitale Tools und Assistenzsysteme - beispielsweise mit Apps als Einkaufshilfe. Daneben erlauben auch neue Geschäftsmodelle und Rahmenbedingungen eine bessere Vernetzung von Produktions- und Konsumprozessen. Dazu gehören zum Beispiel neue digitale Absatzkanäle oder Prozessstufen-übergreifend Nachhaltigkeitskennzahlen wie beispielsweise CO2-Emissionen mitzuführen und zu kommunizieren, um allen Akteur*innen richtungssicheres Handeln zu ermöglichen.
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    Sind Blackouts in Deutschland wahrscheinlich? (2023)
    Halle (Saale) : Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina
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    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
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    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Szenarien für ein klimaneutrales Deutschland : Technologieumbau, Verbrauchsreduktion und Kohlenstoffmanagement (2023)
    München : acatech - Deutsche Akademie der Technikwissenschaften
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Fracking: eine Option für Deutschland? : Chancen, Risiken und Ungewissheiten beim Fracking in nicht konventionellen Lagerstätten (2023)
    Halle (Saale) : Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    New government for new tasks? : The reorganisation of government action in the digital world (2023)
    Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Description: The ecological challenges of this decade have been clearly identified. The pressure of problems is increasing drastically; progress in climate protection or the preservation of biodiversity is insufficient. Little time is left to act. In consequence, we can only achieve and permanently secure social and environmental prosperity through far-reaching changes in economy and society. As a socio-technical innovation, digitalisation can realise its full ecological potential above all where it helps to profoundly change today's lifestyles, consumption patterns, and economic practices with a clear commitment to sustainability. As the most urgent design task of the 21st century, it is important to put digitalisation's enormous creative power at the service of the great transformation. The "great transformation" refers to the comprehensive restructuring of technology, the economy, and society in order to deal with the social and ecological challenges of the 21st century. This is a task for state action in terms of both regulatory policy orientation and facilitating collective processes of change - new tasks call for new governance. A digital-ecological statecraft is the indispensable prerequisite for effective state action to shape the social-ecological digital transformation. Using the example of the platform economy, we explore challenges, starting points, and (policy) measures.
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    Das petrochemische System in Deutschland und Westeuropa : regionale Analyse der Polymer-Produktion in Deutschland, den Niederlanden und Belgien ; Ergebnisse aus dem Forschungsprojekt "Green Feedstock for a Sustainable Chemistry - Energiewende und Ressourceneffizienz im Kontext der dritten Feedstock-Transformation der chemischen Industrie" (2023)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-07
    Description: Die Herstellung petrochemischer Grundstoffe ist sowohl energetisch als auch stofflich in Deutschland für rund 20 % der Nachfrage nach Mineralölprodukten verantwortlich. Das Gros fließt in die Produktion von Olefinen und Aromaten, welche als sogenannte Plattformchemikalien wiederum die Ausgangsbasis für die Herstellung von Polymeren und Kunststoffen darstellen. Letztgenannte sind von größter Relevanz für die Branche: Von den knapp 60 Milliarden Euro Umsatz, welche die deutsche petrochemische Industrie im Jahr 2021 generierte, entfiel gut die Hälfte auf das Marktsegment der Polymere. Daraus resultieren jedoch über die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette CO2-Emissionen von rund 50 Millionen Tonnen jährlich. Eine Transformation der heutigen auf fossilen Rohstoffen basierenden petrochemischen Industrie hin zu einem auf erneuerbaren Rohstoffen basierenden zirkulären System kann somit einen bedeutenden Beitrag zu einer primärenergetisch effizienten und klimaneutralen Wirtschaftsweise leisten. Das vom Wuppertal Institut geleitete Forschungsprojekt GreenFeed exploriert gemeinsam mit den Verbundpartnern Karlsruher Institut für Technologie und Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum mögliche Pfade hin zu einem solchen System. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird im vorliegenden Papier zunächst das heutige System der ökonomischen und stofflichen Synergiebeziehungen zwischen den Raffinerien und der chemischen Industrie analysiert. Im geografischen Fokus stehen dabei Deutschland und der ARRRA-Raum als bedeutendste Chemie-Region innerhalb Europas sowie inhaltlich der sehr relevante Teilbereich der Polymer-Produktion. Die Kerninhalte des Papiers sind: 1) Charakterisierung des petrochemischen Metabolismus in Deutschland, einschließlich Produktions-, Energie-, Feedstock- und Kohlenstoffbilanz sowie Infrastruktur- und Transport-Verflechtungen innerhalb dieses Systems und 2) regionale Vertiefungen in Form von insgesamt acht Steckbriefen über alle petrochemischen Kunststoff-Regionen in Deutschland sowie des Antwerpener und Rotterdamer Clusters.
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    Implications of the interrelations between the (waste)water sector and hydrogen production for arid countries using the example of Jordan (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-15
    Description: In the energy sector, few topics, if any, are more hyped than hydrogen. Countries develop hydrogen strategies to provide a perspective for hydrogen production and use in order to meet climate-neutrality goals. However, in this topical field the role of water is less accentuated. Hence, in this study, we seek to map the interrelations between the water and wastewater sector on the one hand and the hydrogen sector on the other hand, before reflecting upon our findings in a country case study. We chose the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan because (i) hydrogen is politically discussed not least due to its high potentials for solar PV, and (ii) Jordan is water stressed - definitely a bad precondition for water-splitting electrolyzers. This research is based on a project called the German-Jordanian Water-Hydrogen-Dialogue (GJWHD), which started with comprehensive desk research mostly to map the intersectoral relations and to scope the situation in Jordan. Then, we carried out two expert workshops in Wuppertal, Germany, and Amman, Jordan, in order to further discuss the nexus by inviting a diverse set of stakeholders. The mapping exercise shows various options for hydrogen production and opportunities for planning hydrogen projects in water-scarce contexts such as Jordan.
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    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Disruptive Dekarbonisierung in der Industrie : Flexibilität und Kreislaufwirtschaft bei der Erzeugung von Roheisen (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-14
    Description: Eine zentrale Anforderung für die zukünftige Industrieproduktion ist die Klimaneutralität. Dekarbonisierte Prozesse beruhen häufig auf der direkten oder indirekten (z.B. mittels H2) Elektrifizierung. Dabei stellen sich Fragen nach der energetischen Effizienz dieser Prozesse, nach ihren Potenzialen für einen flexiblen Betrieb sowie nach der Erfüllung kreislaufwirtschaftlicher Anforderungen wie Materialeffizienz und Schließung von Stoffkreisläufen. Der Artikel betrachtet die disruptiv dekarbonisierte Erzeugung von primärem Roheisen und bewertet drei Produktionstechniken dazu.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Klimaschutzverträge für die Industrietransformation : kurzfristige Schritte auf dem Pfad zur Klimaneutralität der deutschen Grundstoffindustrie ; Studie (2023)
    Berlin : Agora Industrie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Towards a net-zero chemical industry : a meta-analysis of recent scenario studies and roadmaps ; results from the research project "Green feedstock for a sustainable chemistry - Energiewende und Ressourceneffizienz im Kontext der dritten Feedstock-Transformation der chemischen Industrie" (2023)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-02
    Description: 22 years are left until the German target for climate neutrality should be reached. For the industrial sector, this implies a fundamental change and an acceleration of emission reduction, as from 2000 to 2021 the sector has reduced its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by only 13% (ERK, 2022). For the large structures, plants and assets that are characteristic for the energy intensive industrial sectors, the timespan implies no room for delay. One sector facing particular challenges is the chemical industry. Here, fossil resources are used not only for energetic purposes but for feedstock as well, in the petrochemical industry in particular. The efforts made in the petrochemical sector thereby not only affects the sectors own emissions, but the chemicals value chain at large, including the management of end-of-life products. The dependency on energetic resources for material use also means that there is a particular connection from the chemical industry to the energy system at large, which also entails special consideration. The chemical industry also has a particular relevance to the Antwerp-Rotterdam-Rhine-Ruhr-Area (ARRRA) which hosts several large petrochemical clusters in Germany as well as the Netherlands and Belgium, with complexly interlinked production chains. In reaching the climate targets, these regions especially face significant changes and may have the opportunity to position themselves as frontrunners for industrial transformation. That is, if a successful strategy can be found. In the recent years, numerous scenario analyses and roadmaps have been released drawing out pathways for chemical industries to develop in line with national and international climate targets. This can entail mapping of technological options, important prerequisites, particular challenges as well as important opportunities and timeframes. This meta-analysis summarizes and compares the findings of some of the most recent previous works at the national, European and global level. As the goal is to investigate the various strategic options and development paths for Germany and the ARRRA, it has a particular focus on roadmaps for Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. It takes a quantitative as well as qualitative approach, looking both at resource and production volumes, different emission reduction strategies relative importance, as well as policy recommendations and other important framework conditions. A particular focus is put on the use of non-fossil feedstocks to reduce emissions.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Wege zu einer Netto-Null-Chemieindustrie : eine Meta-Analyse aktueller Roadmaps und Szenariostudien ; Ergebnisse aus dem Forschungsprojekt "Green Feedstock for a Sustainable Chemistry - Energiewende und Ressourceneffizienz im Kontext der dritten Feedstock-Transformation der chemischen Industrie" (2023)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-02
    Description: Die chemische Industrie ist auch für die Antwerpen-Rotterdam-Rhein-Ruhr-Region (engl. Antwerp-Rotterdam-Rhine-Ruhr-Area, kurz ARRRA) von besonderer Bedeutung, die mehrere große petrochemische Cluster in Deutschland, den Niederlanden und Belgien mit komplex vernetzten Produktionsketten beherbergt. Bei der Umsetzung der Klimaziele stehen diese Regionen vor bedeutenden Veränderungen und haben zugleich die Chance, sich als Vorreiter der Industrietransformation zu positionieren. Dafür müssen erfolgreiche Strategien für den Wandel identifiziert und angewendet werden. In den letzten Jahren wurden zahlreiche Szenarioanalysen und Roadmaps veröffentlicht, in denen Entwicklungspfade für die chemische Industrie im Einklang mit nationalen und internationalen Klimazielen aufgezeigt werden. Diese können eine Darstellung von technologischen Optionen, wichtigen Voraussetzungen, besonderen Herausforderungen sowie bedeutsamen Chancen und zeitlichen Entwicklungen beinhalten. Die vorliegende Metaanalyse fasst die Ergebnisse einige der aktuellsten Arbeiten auf nationaler, europäischer und globaler Ebene zusammen und vergleicht diese kritisch miteinander. Da das Kernziel der vorliegenden Analyse darin besteht, die verschiedenen strategischen Optionen und Entwicklungspfade für Deutschland und die ARRRA zu untersuchen, liegt der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit auf Publikationen mit Fokus Deutschland, den Niederlanden und Belgien. Dabei wird sowohl ein quantitativer als auch ein qualitativer Ansatz verfolgt, der die Ressourcen- und Produktionsmengen, die relative Bedeutung verschiedener Emissionsminderungsstrategien sowie auch politische Empfehlungen und andere wichtige Rahmenbedingungen berücksichtigt. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf Strategien für den Einsatz alternativer nicht-fossiler Feedstocks und die Minderung damit verbundener Emissionen.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Verbundvorhaben FlexMex - Modellexperiment zur zeitlich und räumlich hoch aufgelösten Untersuchung des zukünftigen Lastausgleichs im Stromsystem : Schlussbericht (2023)
    Stuttgart : Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: In den letzten Jahren wurden zahlreiche Optimierungsmodelle entwickelt, um die Bewertung von Strategien für die zukünftige Entwicklung von Energieversorgungssystemen wissenschaftlich zu unterstützen. Analysen zur zukünftigen Ausgestaltung des Energiesystems und seines Betriebs, die auf der Anwendung dieser Modelle basieren, kommen jedoch meist zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen. Dies liegt zum einen an unterschiedlichen Annahmen in den Modelleingangsdaten, zum anderen an Unterschieden in den Modellformulierungen. Modelle zur Analyse nationaler Energiewendeszenarien unterscheiden sich in der Regel in ihrer räumlichen und zeitlichen Granularität sowie in ihrem technologischen Umfang und Detailgrad. Begrenzte Rechenkapazitäten machen einen Kompromiss zwischen diesen Dimensionen erforderlich. Eine hohe räumliche und/oder zeitliche Granularität geht somit mit einer starken Vereinfachung der Darstellung von Technologieeigenschaften einher. Diese Vereinfachungen können von Modell zu Modell unterschiedlich sein. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Problemstellung lag der Fokus des Projekts FlexMex auf der Bewertung des Einflusses der Modelleigenschaften auf die berechneten Ergebnisse. Um datenbedingte von modellbedingten Unterschieden zu trennen wurde somit ein einheitlicher Satz an Eingangsparametern entwickelt und in allen Modellen verwendet. Die Szenariovorgaben schließen dabei die techno- ökonomischen Technologieparameter, Brennstoff- und CO2-Zertifikatspreise, Annahmen zur Strom-, Wärme- und Wasserstoffnachfrage, das Dargebot der Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbarer Energie (EE) sowie die Potenziale von Lastmanagement und weiteren Flexibilitätsoptionen ein. Zudem wurden in den Szenarien ohne modellendogene Ausbauoptimierung auch die installierten Kapazitäten der betrachteten Energiewandler, -speicher und -netze harmonisiert. Die Ausnahme bildeten hier Untersuchungen mit Betrachtung einer modellendogenen Optimierung der Anlagenkapazitäten. Gemäß dem Fokus auf dem stündlichen Einsatz von Flexibilitätsoptionen wurden im Modellvergleich überwiegend Versorgungssysteme mit hohen Erzeugungsanteilen fluktuierender erneuerbarer Stromerzeugung aus Wind und Photovoltaik betrachtet. Der Modellvergleich setzte sich aus zwei, aufeinander aufbauenden Teilen zusammen. Im ersten Teil des Vergleichs stand die detaillierte Analyse der Auswirkung von Unterschieden in den Modellierungsansätzen und der Abbildung einzelner Technologien im Vordergrund. Dafür wurden die betrachteten Flexibilitätsoptionen jeweils einzeln in einem stark vereinfachten System betrachtet. Dieses setzt sich zusammen aus fluktuierender Erzeugung aus Windenergie und Photovoltaik, jeweils mit der Option der Abregelung und der zu analysierenden alternativen Flexibilitätsoptionen. Aufgrund der Vielfalt der betrachteten Optionen - Stromspeicher, Stromübertragungsnetze, Lastmanagement und verschiedene Technologien der flexiblen Sektorenkopplung - ergeben sich daraus insgesamt 22 Modellläufen. Da sich die Unterschiede in der Technologieabbildung auf jeweils eine Technologie beschränken, können Abweichungen in den Ergebnissen diesen direkt zugeordnet werden. Im zweiten Teil des Modellvergleichs wurden alle Flexibilitätsoptionen gemeinsam und folglich auch deren vielfältige Wechselwirkungen betrachtet. Im Rahmen der Betrachtung von 16 Testfällen wurde die sich aus der Modellwahl ergebende Unsicherheit in den Ergebnissen quantifiziert. Diese Testfälle unterscheiden sich im Ausbau von Windkraft- und Photovoltaikanlagen, in der Verfügbarkeit verschiedener Flexibilitätsoptionen, sowie in der Berücksichtigung eines endogenen Zubaus dieser Flexibilitätsoptionen.
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    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Regionales Ressourcenmanagement am Beispiel der metallverarbeitenden Industrie im Bergischen Städtedreieck : Stakeholderanalyse und ökologische Potentialanalyse ; Abschlussbericht der Arbeitspakete 2 und 4 des Teilprojektes im Rahmen des Verbundvorhabens "Urbane Produktion im Bergischen Städtedreieck" (2023)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-20
    Description: Die Kaskadennutzung von hochwertigen Materialien wie hochlegierten Metallen, also die Weiternutzung von Werkstoffen mittels Re-engineering beziehungsweise Reuse oder Re-manufacturing von Bauteilen oder Materialien, birgt in Kombination mit integrierten innovativen Produkt-Dienstleistungsmodellen ein hohes Potenzial für Ressourcenschonung und Klimaschutz. Denn über diesen Ansatz können hochwertige Materialien, die meist energieintensive Fertigungsverfahren unterlaufen, länger in der Nutzung gehalten werden. So kann der Zeitpunkt des Recyclings verzögert werden, welches insbesondere bei hochwertigen Materialien meist zu Qualitätsverlusten führt. Auf diese Weise kann der Bedarf an der Primärproduktion und entsprechend die ökologischen Wirkungen verringert werden. Gerade durch die regional hohe Dichte an produzierendem Gewerbe im metallbe- und -verarbeitenden Bereich bietet sich das Bergische Städtedreieck an für ein regional integriertes Ressourcenmanagement an. Das Projekt RegRess trägt mit dazu bei, die Hürden zur Etablierung eines entsprechenden Ressourcenmanagements mit dem Fokus auf das Bergische Städtedreieck zu senken, um so ökonomische und ökologische Potenziale für die regionale Wirtschaft und Profilbildung der Unternehmen, insbesondere KMU, zu heben. Dieser Bericht dokumentiert die Ergebnisse einer Stakeholder-/Netzwerkanalyse von der regionalen bis zur nationalen Ebene als Basis für Kooperationen. Die Analyse identifiziert mittels Desktoprecherche 110 Netzwerke, von denen ca. 25 unmittelbar im Bergischen Städtedreieck tätig sind bzw. die Region abdecken. Darüber hinaus wird eine Methodik und deren Anwendung anhand von theoretischen Beispielen vorgestellt, um den ökologisch sinnvollen Einsatz von Kaskadennutzung aufzuzeigen und zu reflektieren. Die Methodik wurde auf die Beispiele der Kaskadennutzung ausgedienter Spiralbohrer sowie Kochtöpfe angewendet, wobei beide Beispiele tendenziell ökologische Einsparpotentiale aufweisen. Unter Vorbehalt einer detaillierteren Lebenszyklusanalyse wurden bei den Spiralbohrern bei einmaliger Kaskadierung Einsparungen in der Größenordnung von maximal 75 % beim Material Footprint und 60 % beim Carbon Footprint abgeschätzt. Aufgrund der aufwändigeren Form und höheren Reinigungsaufwänden liegen die Einsparungen beim Kochtopf geringer und wurden beim Material Footprint auf eine Größenordnung von maximal 26 % und beim Carbon Footprint von 25% geschätzt.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Demonstration von Flexibilitätsoptionen im Gebäudesektor und deren Interaktion mit dem Energiesystem Deutschlands : FlexGeber ; Abschlussbericht (2023)
    Freiburg : Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-27
    Description: Ziel des Projektes ist es neuartige Wärme- und Kälteerzeugungstechnologien sowie neue Lösungen zur Steigerung und Qualitätssicherung der Energieeffizienz und zur Integration erneuerbarer Energien in drei Case Studies - in GHD und Industrie - zu demonstrieren. Es soll gezeigt werden, wie die einzelnen Sektoren Strom, Wärme und Kälte effizient gestaltet werden können und durch eine Verknüpfung das Potenzial zur Flexibilisierung in der Industrie und im GHD-Sektor gehoben werden kann. Hierfür werden Markt- und Betreibermodelle entwickelt, die die Schnittstellen der Sektoren adressieren und die Einbindung der GHD- und Industriebetriebe in die Energiewirtschaft schaffen. Es werden zudem die identifizierten Flexibilitätsoptionen im Gebäudesektor in ein regionales und deutschlandweites Energiesystem- und Energiemarktmodell eingebunden, um deren Interaktion mit dem Energiesystem und die damit verbundenen Auswirkungen zu bewerten. Das Projekt hat nicht nur das Ziel, mit einem breiten Blick den Nutzen einer Flexibilitätserhöhung in verschiedenen Gebäudetypen zu analysieren, sondern wird im Rahmen der Case Studies in konkreten Anwendungsfällen das Flexibilitätspotenzial heben und dadurch eine direkte Auswirkung auf die Erhöhung der Flexibilität im deutschen Energiesystem erreichen und die Energiewende vorantreiben. In den Case Studies wird u.a. auch detailliert untersucht, welche Investitionen in Mess-, Steuer- und Regelungstechnik (MSR-Technik), flexible Energiewandler und -Speicher nötig sind, um die Flexibilität in den Gebäuden signifikant zu erhöhen und damit einen positiven Beitrag zur Energiewende zu leisten. Die identifizierten Maßnahmen werden im Rahmen des Projekts in den Case Studies implementiert und technisch-wirtschaftlich analysiert.
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    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Final impact assessment of the novel highly efficient and fuel flexible medium-scale HiEff-BioPower CHP technology using a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) (2023)
    Luxembourg : Publications Office of the European Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-28
    Description: The EU Horizon 2020 project HiEff-BioPower (grant agreement No 727330, duration: 10/2016 - 09/2021) aimed at the development of a new, innovative, fuel flexible and highly efficient biomass CHP technology for a capacity range of 1 to 10 MW total energy output, suitable e.g. for on-site generation at larger residential apartment buildings or local heat grids. The new technology shall define a new milestone in terms of CHP efficiency and contribute to a sustainable energy supply based on renewable energies using otherwise unused residual biomass. It consists of a fuel-flexible updraft gasification technology with ultra-low particulate matter emissions, an integrated gas cleaning system and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The technology shall be applicable for a wide fuel spectrum for residual biomass (wood pellets, wood chips or selected agricultural fuels like agro-pellets) and achieve high gross electric (40%) and overall (90%) efficiencies as well as almost zero gaseous and particulate matter (PM) emissions (close or below the level of detection) as non-energy benefits. At the end of the project, final technology data has become available, as well as techno-economic analyses and market studies. Based on this data, this paper presents final results from the environmental impact assessment of the new HiEff-BioPower technology.
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    Methods and standards for assessing the repairability of electrical and electronic devices : strengthening material efficiency under the Ecodesign Directive ; final report (2023)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Die Rolle von Biogas für ein klimaneutrales, 100 % erneuerbares Stromsystem 2035 (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-09
    Description: Die Bundesregierung verfolgt das ambitionierte Ziel einer Beschleunigung des Ausbaus der erneuerbaren Energien auf 80 % bis 2030 bzw. einer nahezu vollständig erneuerbaren Stromversorgung 2035. Im Zuge der avisierten Elektrifizierung anderer Sektoren wie Wärme und Mobilität im Rahmen der Sektorenkopplung nimmt die Bedeutung des Stromsektors weiter zu. Angesichts der aktuellen geopolitischen Umwälzungen und den sich abzeichnenden Knappheiten für fossiles Gas wird in einer Kurzstudie evaluiert, welchen Platz Biogas in einem langfristig zukunftsfähigen Energiesystem einnehmen kann.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    SCI4climate.NRW 2018-2022 : Forschung für eine klimaneutrale und zukunftsfähige Industrie ; Abschlussbericht (2023)
    Wuppertal : SCI4climate.NRW
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-29
    Description: Die große Herausforderung der Industrietransformation ist von besonderer Bedeutung für Nordrhein-Westfalen als eine der wichtigsten Industrieregionen Deutschlands und Europas, in der etwa die Hälfte der Anlagen der energieintensiven Grundstoffindustrie Deutschlands verortet sind und in der die industrielle Produktion wirtschaftlich eine besonders große Rolle spielt. Gleichzeitig kann eine gelingende Transformation der Industrie in NRW als Blaupause für andere Regionen dienen. Der vorliegende Bericht stellt die Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojekts SCI4climate.NRW 2018-2022 dar, welches die Industrietransformation in NRW wissenschaftlich begleitet und untersucht hat.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Klimaanpassung in Weinbaulandschaften : erste Ergebnisse eines Netzwerkes zum Wissenstransfer im Rheingau (2023)
    Stuttgart : Ulmer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Lösungsansätze für die schnelle Umstellung von 20 Mio. Einzelgebäudeheizungen von fossil auf erneuerbar (2023)
    Berlin : Forschungsverbund Erneuerbare Energien
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: Der Anteil erneuerbarer Energien bei der Wärme- (und Kälte-)Versorgung lag 2021 in Deutschland bei 16,5 % (knapp 200 TWh/a). Davon stammten 86 % aus Biomasse und davon wiederum 47% allein aus Holzfeuerungen im häuslichen Bereich. Der Rest der erneuerbaren Wärme stammte aus oberflächennaher Geothermie und Umgebungswärme (Wärmepumpen) mit 9 % und Solarthermie mit 4,2 %. Bisher vergleichsweise kleine Beiträge stammten aus der tiefen Geothermie. Im Jahr 2021 waren bezogen auf die rund 21 Millionen im Bestand befindlichen Einzelgebäudeheizanlagen (nicht Einzelraumfeuerstätten) 1,1 Mio. Wärmepumpen und 0,9 Mio. Biomassekessel im Betrieb. Hinzu kommen zusätzliche 2,5 Mio. solarthermische Anlagen mit einer Gesamtkollektorfläche von rund 21 Mio. m2. Bei den neu installierten Wärmeerzeugern konnten Wärmepumpen und Biomassekessel auch 2021 einen deutlich steigenden Absatz verzeichnen, wobei ihr Anteil an den insgesamt rund 930.000 neu installierten Wärmerzeugern bei knapp 25% lag. Doch 2021 nutzten immer noch rund 19 Mio. Wärmeerzeuger Gas und Öl. Darüber hinaus müssen in Wohngebäuden auch noch Etagenheizungen und veraltete Biomasseheizsysteme ausgetauscht werden. Für eine erfolgreiche Wärmewende bis 2045 im Gebäudewärmebereich müssen also weiterhin jedes Jahr rund eine Million neue komplett Erneuerbare-Heizanlagen installiert und in Betrieb genommen werden. Nach dem Anschluss an zumindest perspektivisch vollständig erneuerbar versorgte Wärmenetze sind für alle anderen Objekte Wärmepumpen, Wärmepumpen-Biomasse-Hybride und, nur wo es keine anderen Möglichkeiten gibt, reine Biomassekessel zu installieren. Alle Lösungen lassen sich zusätzlich mit Solarthermieanlagen ergänzen. Im Vergleich zu Erdgasthermen ist jedoch allein die Installation der deutlich komplexeren Systeme mit mindestens dem doppelten Zeitaufwand zu veranschlagen, während die Branche bereits heute über einen realen Fachkräftemangel klagt. Es braucht also wirksame Lösungsansätze der Forschung zur Überwindung dieser und vieler anderer Hemmnisse zur erfolgreichen Wärmewende bis 2045.
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    Systemische Betrachtung der energetischen und emissionsseitigen Implikationen einer inländischen CO2-Nutzung (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: Einige Klimaneutralitätsszenarien für Deutschland nehmen an, dass zukünftig "unvermeidbares" CO2, z. B. aus der Zementproduktion, als Kohlenstoffquelle für die inländische Herstellung von Kraftstoffen oder chemischen Grundstoffen genutzt wird. In diesem Artikel wird dargelegt, warum eine solche CO2-Nutzung verglichen mit einem alternativen Pfad einer geologischen Speicherung des CO2 und einem gleichzeitigen Import "grüner" Kraft- und Grundstoffe zumindest aus energetischer Sicht nachteilig erscheint.
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    Industrielle Prozesswärme im Kontext eines treibhausgasneutralen Energiesystems (2023)
    Berlin : Forschungsverbund Erneuerbare Energien
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: Im Rahmen einer aktuellen Studie zur Transformation des Europäischen Energiesystems zur Klimaneutralität unter Berücksichtigung der Gaskrise entwickelte das Wuppertal Institut ein Szenario (EU27+UK) für die Transformation der europäischen Industrie inklusive Raffinerien und Kokereien, in dem die industriellen Treibhausgasemissionen bis zum Jahr 2050 um 99 % gegenüber 2018 gemindert werden. Der Endenergiebedarf der Industrie sinkt in diesem Szenario durch den Einsatz von Wärmepumpen, andere Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen sowie einen Rückgang der Produktion in Raffinerien bis 2040 deutlich und der Bedarf an fossilen Gasen kann zeitnah gemindert und bis 2045 auf nahezu Null gesenkt werden. Im Rahmen dieses Szenarios erfolgte auch eine detaillierte Abbildung der Entwicklung der Prozesswärmebereitstellung in Deutschland. Die Bereit- stellung von Niedertemperaturwärme (〈 150 °C) erfolgt im Szenario größtenteils über Wärmepumpen und Fernwärme. Solar- und Geothermie spielen eine (kleinere) Rolle. Für die Dampfbereitstellung (150 - 500 °C) werden vielfach hybride Strom/H2-Kessel eingesetzt, daneben Biomasse. In der Chemieindustrie spielen auch langfristig Reststoffe aus Steamcrackern eine wichtige Rolle. Die Bereitstellung von Hochtemperaturwärme erfolgt prozessspezifisch je nach den technischen Gegebenheiten der Prozesse (z. B. H2 in den Direktreduktions- anlagen und Biomasse in den Walzwerken der Stahlindustrie, abfallbasierte Brennstoffe vor allem in den Klinkeröfen der Zementindustrie, Biomethan und Strom in der Glasindustrie, Strom für Primär- und Sekundäraluminium). Biogene Energieträger in Kombination mit CCS (BECCS) ermöglichen in der Stahlindustrie und in der mineralischen Industrie die Bereitstellung von Hochtemperaturwärme und gleichzeitig negative Emissionen zur Kompensation von Restemissionen.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Auf dem Weg in eine nachhaltige Wasserstoffwirtschaft (2023)
    Berlin : Forschungsverbund Erneuerbare Energien
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: Der Klimawandel stellt uns vor die globale Herausforderung, auf fossile Energieträger zu verzichten. Die erfolgreiche Transformation des Energiesystems ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für eine vollständige Reduktion der Treibhausgase. Eine solche Transformation kann nur gelingen, wenn der fundamental neue Charakter des Systems erfasst und im abgeleiteten Rückschluss daraus der passende Pfad eingeschlagen wird. Im Kern lässt sich dieser neue Charakter als ein defossilisiertes, auf regenerativen Energien basierendes Energiesystem beschreiben.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 89
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    Umsetzung der urbanen Wärmewende im Quartier (2023)
    Berlin : Forschungsverbund Erneuerbare Energien
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: Der Wärmesektor hat einen Anteil von rund 55 Prozent am deutschen Primärenergieverbrauch, wobei der Anteil klimafreundlicher Wärmeerzeugung (erneuerbare Energien und Abwärmenutzung) bislang aber noch sehr gering ist und unter 20 Prozent liegt. Entsprechend sind die Potenziale zur Erschließung von Dekarbonisierungserfolgen im Wärmesektor besonders groß. Ein Gelingen der Wärmewende ist daher zwingende Voraussetzung dafür, dass die nationalen Klimaschutzziele erreicht werden. Gerade Städte spielen auf Grund des hohen Energie- und Ressourcenverbrauchs, der hohen örtlichen Dichte von Infrastrukturen und durch die Vielzahl von Akteuren eine zentrale Rolle bei der Energiewende und für den Klimaschutz. So bilden beispielsweise gewachsene Strukturen im Bestand und hohe Nutzungsdichten potenzielle Restriktionen für die Integration von Technologien zur effizienten Nutzung erneuerbarer Energiequellen. Städtische Quartiere sind gleichzeitig der sinnvollste Umsetzungsmaßstab für integrierte innovative Systeme, da hier die größten Synergieeffekte zwischen Effizienzmaßnahmen und nachhaltiger Energieerzeugung erschlossen werden können.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 90
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    Die Industrietransformation als kommunale Aufgabe : Handlungsmöglichkeiten, Herausforderungen und Perspektiven ; exemplarisch dargestellt anhand der Kommunen Erwitte-Geseke, Leverkusen und Duisburg (2023)
    Wuppertal : SCI4climate.NRW
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: Umsetzung wie auch Förderung der Industrietransformation obliegen insbesondere Akteuren auf der europäischen sowie der nationalen Governance-Ebene. Gleichwohl sind vor dem Hintergrund der Dringlichkeit der Herausforderung und der Maßstabsebene eines Großteils der erforderlichen Maßnahmen auch kommunale Akteure und lokale Initiativen, darunter öffentliche Betreiber, Verwaltungen, öffentlich-private Kooperationen, Unternehmen oder zivilgesellschaftliche Gruppen in diesem Bereich von Bedeutung. Das liegt auch an der Tatsache, dass je nach wirtschaftlicher Struktur die Industrie für einen großen Teil der Treibhausgasemissionen in einer Kommune oder Region verantwortlich sein kann. Gleichzeitig gibt es vielfältige Stellschrauben vor Ort, um Klimaschutzmaßnahmen umzusetzen. Aufgrund der hohen Dichte an Akteuren und Institutionen bestehen auf der kommunalen Ebene große Handlungsmöglichkeiten für nachhaltige Transformationen, etwa im Bereich des Klimaschutzes. Viele Kommunen setzen in ihren Klimaschutzkonzepten allerdings einen Schwerpunkt auf andere Bereiche, wie bspw. auf Klimaschutz bei öffentlichen Gebäuden, auch wegen der direkten Handlungsmöglichkeiten. Um die Industrie zu adressieren, greift die Kommunalverwaltung vornehmlich auf Beratungsangebote und Anreize zur Nutzung von erneuerbaren Energien zurück. Dabei gewinnt das Thema Klimaschutz gleichermaßen für Unternehmen wie auch für Kommunen immer weiter an Bedeutung. Für beide ist schon heute Klimaschutz ein wichtiger Wettbewerbs- und Standortfaktor. Die bislang auf (Landes-)Politik, Unternehmen und Wissenschaft fokussierte Analyse der Industrietransformation in SCI4climate.NRW erweitert mit diesem Bericht den Blick auf die Einbindung und Rolle kommunaler Akteure, Strukturen und Prozesse. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Einflussmöglichkeiten Kommunen im Mehrebenen-Governance System der Industrietransformation in NRW haben und welche Interessen, Chancen und Herausforderungen seitens der Kommunen bestehen, um die Industrietransformation mitzugestalten. Der Fokus wird dabei auf die Grundstoffindustrie, konkret auf die Chemie-, Stahl- und Zementindustrie, gelegt, da diese Industriezweige mit sehr hohen Treibhausgasemissionen verbunden sind und bislang bei der Frage nach kommunalen Handlungsmöglichkeiten von der Forschung noch wenig betrachtet wurden. Neben einer Literaturrecherche werden drei Fallstudien präsentiert, um sowohl die Möglichkeiten der Kommunen zu analysieren, aktuelle Aktivitäten einzuordnen sowie Chancen und Herausforderungen, die mit den Tätigkeiten verbunden sind, zu ermitteln.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Bereitstellung klimaneutraler Prozesswärme für die Industrie : ein 4-Stufen-Modell (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: Die Bereitstellung industrieller Prozesswärme ist eine zentrale Herausforderung für ein zukünftiges klimaneutrales Energiesystem. In diesem Artikel wird die Vielfalt an etablierten und neuen Energieträgern und Technologien zur treibhausgasarmen bzw. -neutralen Bereitstellung von Prozesswärme vorgestellt. Zudem werden ihre wichtigsten Stärken und Schwächen skizziert, um daraus geeignete Anwendungsfelder und eine Priorisierung ihres Einsatzes zu identifizieren.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 92
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    Industrielle Prozesswärme im Kontext eines treibhausgasneutralen Energiesystems (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: Die Bereitstellung industrieller Prozesswärme ist eine zentrale Herausforderung für ein zukünftiges, treibhausgasneutrales Energiesystem. Durch einen Vergleich der Prozesswärmebereitstellung in zwei Energiesystemszenarien werden Gemeinsamkeiten, die auf Richtungssicherheit hindeuten, dargestellt, sowie methodische und inhaltliche Gründe für Abweichungen herausgearbeitet.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    The renewables pull effect : how regional differences in renewable energy costs could influence where industrial production is located in the future (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: To combat climate change, it is anticipated that in the coming years countries around the world will adopt more stringent policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase the use of clean energy sources. These policies will also affect the industry sector, which means that industrial production is likely to progressively shift from CO2-emitting fossil fuel sources to renewable energy sources. As a result, a region's renewable energy resources could become an increasingly important factor in determining where energy-intensive industries locate their production. We refer to this pull factor as the "renewables pull" effect. Renewables pull could lead to the relocation of some industrial production as a consequence of regional differences in the marginal cost of renewable energy sources. In this paper, we introduce the concept of renewables pull and explain why its importance is likely to increase in the future. Using the examples of direct reduced iron (DRI) and ammonia production, we find that the future costs of climate-neutral production of certain products is likely to vary considerably between regions with different renewable energy resources. However, we also identify the fact that many other factors in addition to energy costs determine the decisions that companies make in term of location, leaving room for further research to better understand the future relevance of renewables pull.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Treibhausgasneutralität in Deutschland bis 2045 : ein Szenario aus dem Projekt SCI4climate.NRW (2023)
    Wuppertal : SCI4climate.NRW
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: Die klimapolitischen Ziele Deutschlands und der EU machen eine sehr schnelle und tiefgreifende Transformation sowohl der Energieversorgung als auch der energieverbrauchenden Sektoren notwendig. Diese Transformationsherausforderung betrifft nicht zuletzt die energieintensive Industrie in Deutschland, die vor grundlegenden technologischen Veränderungen wichtiger Produktionsprozesse steht. Die Herausforderungen für die Industrie werden durch die aktuelle Energiekrise weiter verschärft. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt das hier vorgestellte Klimaschutzszenario "SCI4climate.NRW-Klimaneutralität" (S4C-KN), das im Rahmen des vom Land NRW finanzierten Forschungsprojekts "SCI4climate.NRW" entwickelt wurde, die möglichen künftigen Entwicklungen in der energieintensiven Industrie in den Mittelpunkt der Analyse. Das Szenario analysiert diese Entwicklungen im Kontext eines gesamtwirtschaftlichen Transformationspfads hin zu einem klimaneutralen Deutschland im Jahr 2045.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Abschlussbericht NRW.Zirkulär : Umsetzungsstudie zu zirkulären Kunststoffen durch Pyrolyseverfahren in NRW (2023)
    Köln : Carbon Minds GmbH
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-07
    Description: Das chemische Recycling hat das Potenzial, eine wichtige Rolle bei der Schließung von Kunststoff-Kreisläufen zu spielen. Denn mit ihm lassen sich nicht mechanisch recycelbare Kunststoffabfälle so aufschließen, dass Rohstoffe entstehen, die zur Produktion von neuen Kunststoffen verwendet werden können. Allerdings sind Fragen der ökologischen Bewertung und ökonomischen Tragfähigkeit noch zu klären. Innerhalb eines elfmonatigen Projektes wurden die Bedingungen für eine Transformation zu zirkulären Kunststoffen durch Pyrolyseverfahren in Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) systematisch geprüft. Die Untersuchung beinhaltet insbesondere die Abschätzung der heutigen und zukünftigen Mengen an Kunststoffabfällen, die für ein chemisches Recycling in NRW zur Verfügung stehen und die daraus abgeleiteten ökonomische und ökologische Bewertung einer Pyrolyseanlage mit einer Kapazität von 50.000 Tonnen Kunststoffabfälle pro Jahr in NRW.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Digitainability : digitale Schlüsseltechnologien für ökologisch nachhaltiges Wirtschaften: Marktpotenziale und strategische Implikationen (2023)
    München : acatech - Deutsche Akademie der Technikwissenschaften
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Strategies, concepts and measures for decarbonizing the building stock by 2045/50 (2023)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Established in 2016, the German-Japanese Energy Transition Council (GJETC) strives to promote bilateral cooperation between Germany and Japan on energy transition. Among other studies and topical papers, an output paper in 2020 (Rauschen et al., 2020) already compared the energy efficiency in buildings in both countries with a particular focus on heating and cooling. One important finding of this output paper was that further efforts in the building sector are needed to improve the energy efficiency of buildings in Germany and Japan. Following the more ambitious climate protection targets in both countries, this study seeks to analyze the German and Japanese policies put in place to accelerate the decarbonization of the building sector. The decarbonization of the vast number of buildings that both Japan and Germany are facing will be a major contribution to achieving the GHG reduction targets of both countries and should continue to be discussed among experts and developed into a discussion among policy makers. This report examines and compares the characteristics of the building stock in both countries, as well as existing policies and new strategies and policies that are planned or discussed to achieve energy conservation and decarbonization of buildings. The current shape of buildings, especially houses, is greatly influenced by the land area of the country corresponding to the available space for buildings, the natural environment surrounding the country, the natural resources available, and the lifestyle and cultural ideas that have been passed down and taken root over time. Therefore, it might be difficult to compare them and the corresponding strategies and policies with the same yardstick, so we also discuss common or deviant situations. Through this joint research, we aim to find each other's advantages and challenges and to develop useful and concrete policy recommendations that will contribute to decarbonization policies in both countries.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Klimaschutz-Aktionsplan 2030 in Mannheim (2023)
    Mannheim : Stadt Mannheim
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: Der hier vorliegende Klimaschutz-Aktionsplan 2030 für die Stadt Mannheim beschreibt Maßnahmen und Reduktionspfade für eine Minderung der Treibhausgasemissionen auf Mannheimer Stadtgebiet zur Erreichung der Klimaneutralität im Jahr 2030. Die Basis hierfür bildet die Energie- und CO2-Bilanz aus dem Jahr 2020. In einem ersten Schritt wurden mit dem wissenschaftlichen Begleitkreis mögliche Reduktionspfade in den verschiedenen Sektoren und eine Definition für den Begriff der Klimaneutralität diskutiert. Mit dem Lenkungskreis wurden im nächsten Schritt acht Handlungsfelder festgelegt, für die in einzelnen Strategiegruppen die Maßnahmen entwickelt wurden. Weitere Vorschläge kamen aus der begleitenden öffentlichen Beteiligung. In diesem breit angelegten Beteiligungsprozess sind letztlich 81 Maßnahmen in acht thematischen Handlungsfeldern entstanden, von denen 34 als Maßnahmen von besonderer Priorität definiert wurden.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Mission-oriented innovation policies for the twin transition : a CO:DINA research report (2023)
    Berlin : Institute for Future Studies and Technology Assessment
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: While digital technologies hold significant transformational potential, anecdotal evidence suggests that the digital transformation might not be directed towards sustainable development sufficiently. Drawing on a modified and extended version of the framework proposed by Wanzenböck et al. (2020), we explore the cases of the circular economy and the transition towards a sustainable energy system in the twin transition. Making use of insights from 20 expert interviews and two in-depth interviews, we aim to gain a first careful indication of the convergence/divergence in societal views on key problems and solutions across different dimensions (technological, economic, socio-cultural, regulatory) and derive insights for integrated policy-making. Thereby the study contributes to bridging the existing gap between mission-oriented policies and the twin transition. Overall, our first insights indicate that while showing high similarities in the structure of problems and solutions across cases, the variety in wickedness (contestation, complexity, uncertainty) calls for differentiated policy-making: Significant parts of the relatively young twin transition might be in a state of disorientation where societal views on problems and solutions diverge. This would require policy-makers to follow a "discovery-mode" (basic research, experiments and monitoring) with only selected diffusion-focused strategies. Further, we show that missions in the twin transition require highly flexible policy-making as different approaches need to be applied simultaneously. Finally, there are several options for exploiting synergies in policy-making due to some overlapping characteristics as well as learning opportunities between cases. We believe that particularly our holistic perspective on the twin transition can yield substantial guidance for researchers and policy-makers in the field.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Mechanical Behavior of Shape Memory Alloys: 2022 (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent years, the fascination with shape memory alloys (SMAs) has grown across industries such as aerospace, automotive, naval, civil, and biology. SMAs possess unique properties, including the ability to recover from deformation when heated, exhibit pseudoelastic stress-strain behavior for large deformations, and exceptional biocompatibility for bioengineering applications. However, a comprehensive understanding of critical characteristics like transformation temperature and stress values is necessary to fully utilize SMAs. The shape memory effect, where SMAs regain their original shape after deformation under specific thermal conditions, has driven innovative applications in various sectors. In aerospace, SMAs are used in wing structures and actuation systems, enabling morphing and improving aerodynamics. In healthcare, they are integrated into orthopedic devices, simplifying surgical procedures and providing necessary support. The automotive industry also benefits from SMAs, using them in seatbelts and vibration damping systems for enhanced safety and comfort. Accurate knowledge of critical characteristics is essential for effective utilization of SMAs, unlocking their potential in different fields. The remarkable versatility of SMAs, with their deformation recovery, pseudoelasticity, and biocompatibility, positions them as a material of immense interest. As research and development continue, SMAs are poised to drive future innovations, shaping various industries.
    Keywords: shape memory alloy (SMAs) ; shape memory effect (SME) ; superelasticity ; smart materials ; constitutive models ; simulation and modeling ; smart devices ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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