ALBERT

Note: 1. Deutscher Landesbericht (DDR) für die XIII. Generalversammlung der IUGG in Berkeley/Cal. 1963, Fachgruppe Geomagnetismus und Aeronomie 2. Bericht über die Sitzung des Europäischen Seismologischen Kommission (ESC), Assoziation für Seismologie und Physik des Erdinnern der IUGG 3. IQSY-Beauftragter: Übersicht über die bisher (Stand vom 1.2.65) von DDR-Instituten im Rahmen der IQSY-Verpflichtungen des NKGG an die Weltdatenzentren versandten Beobachtungsmaterialien und Sonderdrucke wissenschaftlicher Veröffentlichungen 4. Nr. I/3: Final Report on IQSY Activities in the German Democratic Republic 1964-1965 (Presented by G. Cumme and E. A. Lauter) 5. IQSY-Activities in the GDR: Report to the IV Assembly of the Special Committee for the IQSY, London 1967 (Compiled by Cumme, G. und Wagner, C.-U.) , 1. Deutscher Landesbericht (DDR) für die XIII. Generalversammlung der IUGG in Berkeley/Cal. 1963, Fachgruppe Geomagnetismus und Aeronomie 2. Bericht über die Sitzung des Europäischen Seismologischen Kommission (ESC), Assoziation für Seismologie und Physik des Erdinnern der IUGG 3. IQSY-Beauftragter: Übersicht über die bisher (Stand vom 1.2.65) von DDR-Instituten im Rahmen der IQSY-Verpflichtungen des NKGG an die Weltdatenzentren versandten Beobachtungsmaterialien und Sonderdrucke wissenschaftlicher Veröffentlichungen 4. Nr. I/3: Final Report on IQSY Activities in the German Democratic Republic 1964-1965 (Presented by G. Cumme and E. A. Lauter) 5. IQSY-Activities in the GDR: Report to the IV Assembly of the Special Committee for the IQSY, London 1967 (Compiled by Cumme, G. und Wagner, C.-U.)

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Results at Site 2 Discussion References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Chapter I. Introduction Greenland Glaciers and stratigraphy The Greenland ice sheet - a rock formation Region of investigation Chapter II. Methods of investigation Stratigraphy Accumulation measurements Work program at pit stations General description of pits Temperature Hardness Density, stratigraphy, and grain size Accuracy of density measurements Photography Core drilling Air permeability and mechanical tests Elevation measurements Barometric altimetry Transit leveling Chapter III. Basic concepts and definitions Summer melt Soaking Complete soaking Localized percolation Stability Diagenetic facies Chapter IV. Presentation and discussion of results Grain size and morphology Grain size Morphology Temperature Seasonal variation and mean annual temperature Thermal effect of an open pit Constancy of climate Facies in terms of temperature data Hardness Continuity of strata Effect of wind Increase in R with depth below snow surface Facies in terms of hardness data Density Depth vs density data Depth vs load data Attempts to formulate depth vs density Facies in terms of density data Glacier facies - a classification of glaciers Chapter V. Stratigraphy and accumulation Stratigraphy Stratigraphic interpretation at station 1-0 Correlation between stratigraphic and meteorological records Accumulation Integrated qepth-density curves Measurement of accumulation on surface marker plates Pole-marker measurements Stratigraphic correlation Selection of a reference datum in the annual stratigraphic sequence Correlation across the traverse Effects of topography Chapter VI. Meteorological and climatological implications Winds Precipitation Annual heat exchange References Appendix A: Stratigraphy, meteorology and glaciology Appendix B: Logistics and development of the research program Appendix C: Tables

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Experimental Snow samples Procedure Experimental results Fraction 150-300 µ Fraction 0-150 µ Mixture of fractions Conclusions

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS INTRODUCTION Chapter I. APPLICATION OF ISOLINES FOR DEPICTING ASPECTS OF THE SNOW COVER Visual Problems Use of a simplified base map Other solutions Substantive Problems Observational errors Sampling errors Bias error Effect of reliability of data on isolines Conclusion The ''reasoned distribution'' Effects of substantive problems Conclusion II. DEVELOPMENT OF OTHER MEASURES, INDICES, AND METHODS FOR DEPICTING SNOW COVER CONDITIONS Examples of Possible Normal Indices of Snow Cover Average snow depth at end of the maximum month Average monthly snow depths by superimposed or located line graphs Time aspects Snowfall Selected Statistical Parameters of a Particular Value Extreme values Frequency values Measures of variability Conclusion III. SNOW REGIONS: AN APPROACH TO MAPPING SNOW COVER Snow Region Concept Descriptions of Snow Regions 1. Pacific Coast and Coastal Valley Region 2. The Mountain Zone 3. Great Plains Region 4. The Mackenzie-Manitoba Region 5. Upper Ontario Region 6. Northern Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Region 7. Labrador Region 8. The Northern Arctic Region 9. Ungava-Baffinland Region Conclusions IV. CURRENT SNOW DATA MAPS Introduction Ground Observer's Code Suggested code for "Ground Observer's Snow Report" Comments Symbols for a comprehensive station model Air Observation Code Comments Station Model for Aircraft Snow Observations A Simplified Snow Observation Report . Introduction Proposed code and symbols for station model based on Simplified Snow Observation Report Conclusion Chapter V. MAPPING SNOW DENSITY Introduction Limitations of Data for Mapping Available data Reliability of the data Natural variations in density Snow Density Maps of Eastern Canada Statistical Investigation of Density: Eastern Canada Test for area differences Estimating regional trends in density: Orthogonal polynomials Regional density changes during the winter Conclusions: Statistical investigations Estimating Snow Density from Meteorological Data Relation of density to wind speed and temperature Application of Dmitrieva's equation Conclusion VI. CONCLUSION Snow Cover Maps: Small Scale Compilations of Various Aspects of Their Parameters Preparation of Synoptic Current Snow Data Maps Snow Density Research Investigation of Drift and Erosional Surfaces Initiation of Systematic Collection and Recording of Snow Data Internationally Research Reports Based on Existing Literature .

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary 1. lntroduction General background Previous work The Greenland Ice sheet Present work Ice core studies ll. Field procedures General background Subsurface snow laboratory Core reference datum Core handling and processing Ill. Macroscopic stratigraphy General background Polar stratigraphy General observations and results Discussion of results and conclusions above 100 m IV. Detailed stratigraphic studies General background Macroscopic stratigraphy at 100 m Results of analysis and discussion Summary and conclusions V. Oxygen isotope studies General background Previous work Deep ice core 0-isotope stratigraphy Results of analyses Summary and conclusions Vl. Chemical composition studies General background Previous work Factors influencing the chemistry of glaciers Deep core stratigraphy using chemical variations Results of analyses and discussion Summary and interpretation of the 300 m results Geochemistry of the ice sheet Results of analyses and discussion Summary and conclusions Vll. Cosmic dust studies General background Previous work Origin of extraterrestrial dust Deep ice core and near surface studies Results of analyses Discussion of results Summary and conclusions VIII. Climatological implications General background Recent history of the inland ice Past history from the deep core Summary and conclusions- IX. Summary and conclusions Discussion Post Site l deep drilling programs Selected bibliography Appendix A. Sorge's law Appendix B. Thinning of layers Appendix C. Statistical terms Appendix D. Average density determinations for meter increments from the surface to 411.21 meters , Site 2, Greenland

Note: CONTENTS Summary Introduction Theory Experimental apparatus apd procedures Results and discussion References Appendix A: Evaluation of d^2Ps/dx^2, dps/dx Appendix B: Sample calculations of β0, β, and De Appendix C: Experimental results and calculated data

Note: CONTENTS Page Preface Summary Introduction Methods of preparation Measurements of structural properties Measurements on homogeneity and isotropy Results Structure data Orientation of c-axes Analysis of the distribution of the orientation of c-axes Preferred directions of the fabric Distribution of grain cross sections Size and shape of the counting areas Interrelations of the structure, data Conclusions Recommendations for further studies References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Derivation of mean annual air temperature data Annual accumulation References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Definition of whiteout Scope of this study Instrumentation and observations Location of project: Fog particle measurements Atmospheric humidity measurements Visibility measurements Air temperature measurements Radiation measurements Atmospheric nuclei Observations of fog whiteout Conditions prior to onset of whiteout Conditions at time of arrival and during whiteout Micro-structure of fog whiteout Analysis of moisture balance during two selected cases Synoptic situation for case 1 Synoptic situation for case 2 Computations Attempts at fog whiteout dispersal References Appendix A - Freezing nuclei observations Appendix B - Absolute humidity gradient data

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Types of ice Experiments Results Creep curves Flow law References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Procedure Preparation of test plots Measurements of ice and gravel surfaces Composition of the gravel covering Results Sorting in a smooth layer of sandy gravel over an uneven ice surface Sorting in a uniform layer of sandy gravel over depressions in the ice surface Sorting in a uniform layer of sandy gravel over a uniform ice surface Sorting in a non-uniform layer of sandy gravel over a uniform ice surface Discussion and recommendations Conclusions References

Note: Nr. 1 Untersuchung der Polarisation und anderer Eigenschaften der langperiodischen Mikroseismik von Uwe Walzer (1969) , Nr. 2 Durchführung spezieller geophysikalischer Analogieexperimente und ihre Deutung von Horst Hänsel und Hans-Joachim Wilke (1969) , Nr. 3 Zur Einwirkung der Stativelastizität auf Amplituden und Phasen von Schwerependeln von Claus Elstner (1969)

Note: CONTENTS Page Preface Summary Introduction Ring tensile strength Flexural strength of small beams Flexural strength of inplace beams Crushing strength Shear strength Discussion of results References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Review of existing theories The compression characteristic Characteristic directions Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Proof of Yamaguchi's principle Appendix B. Strain-rate tensor in the strain-rate characteristic line coordinates Appendix C. Stress, strain-rate relationship Appendix D. Bearing on the. Drucker and Prager three -dimensional deformation Appendix E. Notation

Note: CONTENTS Preface Introduction and statement of the problem Solution of the boundary value problems for simply supported boundaries Semi-infinite plate Wedge-shaped plate Rectangular corner plate Infinite strip Semi-infinite strip Rectangular plate Remarks on the problem of arbitrary load distribution References Appendix A Appendix B

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction The Hetényi foundation The Filonenko-Borodich foundation The Pasternak foundation Plates on a Pasternak foundation Visco-elastic Pasternak foundation Plates on visco-elastic foundations References Appendix A: Notation

Note: Table of Contents Introduction Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 1-11, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.01 The symposium meeting Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 13-14, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.02 Part I: Symposium Papers Introduction to Part I Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 15-16, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.03 Life in Pre-Cambrian and early Cambrian times John Watson Cowie Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 17-35, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.04 The significance of certain trace-fossil ranges Roland Goldring Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 37-39, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.05 Fluctuations in the evolution of Palaeozoic intertebrates Michael Robert House Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 41-54, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.06 The origins of some Silurian enteletacean brachiopods Victor Gordon Walmsley Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 55-56, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.07 Permo-Triassic extinction Frank Harold Trevor Rhodes Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 57-76, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.08 Changes in terrestrial vertebrate faunas during the Mesozoic C. B. Cox Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 77-89, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.09 Some Cretaceous-Tertiary marine faunal changes John Michael Hancock Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 91-104, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.10 Major features of the evolution of echinoids Graeme Maxwell Philip Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 105-106, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.11 Plant-insect relationships in Palaeozoic and later time Norman Francis Hughes and John Smart Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 107-117, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.12 Biochemical evolution and the fossil record Lambert Beverly Halstead Tarlo Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 119-132, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.13 Fossil birds and their adaptive radiation James Fisher Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 133-154, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.14 General Discussion Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 155-156, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.15 Part II: Documentation of the Fossil Record Introduction to Part II Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 158-159, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.16 Plantae Plantae N. F. H. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 162, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.17 Chapter 1 Thallophyta—1 H. P. Banks, K. I. M. Chesters, N. F. Hughes, G. A. L. Johnson, H. M. Johnson and L. R. Moore Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 163-180, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.18 Chapter 2 Thallophyta—2 M. Black, C. Downie, R. Ross and W. A. S. Sarjeant Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 181-209, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.19 Chapter 3 Bryophyta and Charophyta* L. J. Grambast and W. S. Lacey Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 211-217, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.20 Chapter 4 Pteridophyta—1 H. P. Banks, W. G. Chaloner and W. S. Lacey Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 219-231, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.21 Chapter 5 Pteridophyta—2 H. P. Banks, M. G. Collett, F. R. Gnauck and N. F. Hughes Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 233-245, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.22 Chapter 6 Gymnospermophyta K.L. Alvin, P. D. W. Barnard, T.M. Harris, N. F. Hughes, R. H. Wagner and A. Wesley Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 247-268, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.23 Chapter 7 Angiospermae K. I. M. Chesters, F. R. Gnauck and N. F. Hughes Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 269-288, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.24 Invertebrata Invertebrata M. J. S. R. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 290, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.25 Chapter 8 Protozoa F. T. Banner, W. J. Clarke, J. L. Cutbill, F. E. Eames, A. J. Lloyd, W. R. Riedel and A. H. Smout Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 291-332, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.26 Chapter 9 Porifera and Archaeocyatha R. M. Finks and D. Hill Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 333-345, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.27 Chapter 10 Coelenterata G. A. L. Johnson, I. D. Sutton, F. M. Taylor and G. Thomas Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 347-378, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.28 Chapter 11 Bryozoa G. P. Larwood, A. W. Medd, D. E. Owen and R. Tavener-Smith Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 379-395, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.29 Chapter 12 Brachiopoda D. V. Ager, P. Copper, G. M. Dunlop, G. F. Elliott, F. A. Middlemiss, A. J. Rowell, A. Williams and A. D. Wright Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 397-421, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.30 Chapter 13 Mollusca: Amphineura, Monoplacophora and Gastropoda D. Curry and N. J. Morris Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 423-430, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.31 Chapter 14 Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Nautiloidea) C.H. Holland Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 431-443, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.32 Chapter 15 Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Ammonoidea) D. T. Donovan, F. Hodson, M. K. Howarth, M. R. House, E. T. Tozer and C. W. Wright Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 445-460, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.33 Chapter 16 Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Coleoidea) D. T. Donovan and J. M. Hancock Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 461-467, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.34 Chapter 17 Mollusca: Scaphopoda and Bivalvia N. J. Morris Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 469-477, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.35 Chapter 18 Arthropoda: Protarthropoda and Trilobitomorpha J. W. Cowie, W. T. Dean, R. Goldring, W. D. I. Rolfe, A. W. A. Rushton, J. T. Temple and R. P. Tripp Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 479-497, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.36

Note: CONTENTS Page Preface Summary Introduction Apparatus and method Experimental results and discussion Historical background Range of Darcy's law Effect of porosity on the permeability of snow Bader's equation Conclusion References Appendix I. Snow conversion table: Density to absolute porosity Appendix II. Effect on permeability of varying porosity in the sample Porosity varies with length Porosity varies with cross section

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Climatic parameters which may affect arctic snow-cover density Results of study Regional variations in snow-cover density Prediction of average monthly snow-cover density in the arctic from air temperature and wind velocity Comparison of observed snow-cover density with density computed from the nomographs Relation between snow-cover temperature and air temperature Relation between hardness and density of the snow cover References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Experimental General Apparatus Procedure Theoretical relations Additive theory Relationship between tests run for constant change in density and tests for constant time Results and discussion Group I experiments Group II experiments Stress dependence for group II tests Variability Time dependence Activation energy Relations between creep rates under different stress conditions Density dependence Lateral stress for confined-side tests Conclusions References

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift , Mit Zusammenfassung und Inhaltsverzeichnis in englischer Sprache

Note: CONTENTS Page Preface Summary Introduction Temperature correction factors Crushing strength Tensile strength · Shear strength Torsional shear strength Work of disaggregation of snow Angle of internal friction and apparent unit cohesion Discussion of results References

Note: CONTENTS Introduction I. Physiographic description of study area II. Structure of the marginal zone of the ice cap III. Geomorphologic processes IV. Recent glacial history of the ice margin

Note: Contents: Abstract. - Introduction and Acknowledgements. - Metamorphic basement. - Plutonic rocks. - Review of plutonism in Central America, excluding Honduras. - Plutonic rocks of Honduras. - Mesozoic and eocene rocks. - General statement. - Vallę de Angeles group. - Esquias formation. - Matagalpa Formation. - Subinal redbeds. - Ignimbrites. - The pre-ignimbrite surface. - Thickness of the ignimbrites. - Lithology and mineral composition. - Associated lavas. - Ignimbrite vents. - Fluviatile and lacustrine beds associated with ignimbrites. - Age and correlation. - Chemical composition - major elements. - Origin of ignimbrite magmas. - Dikes. - Borderlands of the Gulf of Fonseca. - The Gracias Formation. - Quaternary Volcanism. - General statement. - Description of individual volcanic fields. - Gulf of Fonseea. - Volcanoes of the central highlands. - The Lake Yojoa volcanic field. - Lavas in the Sula graben. - Utila Island. - Geologic structure of Honduras. - Appendix: Microscopic Petrography. - A. Plutonic rocks. - B. Andesites and basalts of the Matagalpa Formation. - C. Lavas of the Gulf of Fonseca sequence. - D. Dike rocks. - E. Ignimbrites. - F. Quaternary lavas. - Literature cited.

Note: Contents: I The mechanical properties of rocks. - II The theory of elastic waves. - III Observational seismology. - IV The theory of the figures of the earth and moon. - V The figures of the earth and moon. Discussion of observations. - VI Stress-differences in the earth. - VII The variation of latitude and the bodily tide. - VIII Tidal friction. - IX The age of the earth. - X The thermal history of the earth. - XI The origin of the earth's surface features. - XII Special problems. - Appendices. - A Critical stress-difference. - B The straining of a uniform sphere. - C Castigliano's principle. - D Cooling of a sphere. - E Long-period tides. - Notes. - Bibliography. - Index.

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Site of investigation Selection of study area General information about site and vicinity Accumulation and initial evaluation of data Feature 1 - preliminary study (raised center feature) Feature 2 - bench mark excavation - preliminary soils study (depressed center feature) Feature 3 - cobble orientation study Feature 4 - precise movement survey Feature 5 - radial comparison studies Feature 6 - moisture content survey Feature 7 - temperature and heat flow study (depressed center feature) Feature 8 - temperature and heat flow study (raised center feature) Feature 9 - ground water table studies Features 10 and 11 - permafrost table survey (depressed and raised center features) Combined analysis of data Sharp rise in water content at frost table Estimate of heave since deposition Study of heave measurements Consideration of feature formation time Soil grain size distribution within features Conclusions Recommendations for future work in this or similar patterned ground study areas Heave and ground-ice accumulation Solifluction ground flow Incoming radiation and soil albedo References Appendix A: General. study of heat budget of the active layer

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Preparing the snow specimens Air permeability Experimental procedure Results and discussion Viscoelastic properties Principle Experimental method Results and discussion Creep tests Unconfined compressive strength Experimental procedure Results and discussion General discussion Literature cited Appendix A: Test result

Note: Table of Contents Introductory Remarks Displacement within continents Introductory remarks R. M. Shackleton Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 3, 1-7, 1 January 1969, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1969.003.01.01 Structural Analysis of Orogenic Belts Problems of the relationship between surface structure and deep displacements illustrated by the Zagros Range N. L. Falcon Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 3, 9-21, 1 January 1969, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1969.003.01.02 Some principles governing interpretation of structure in the Rocky Mountain orogenic belt F. G. Fox Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 3, 23-41, 1 January 1969, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1969.003.01.03 The measurement of strain and displacement in orogenic belts J. G. Ramsay Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 3, 43-79, 1 January 1969, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1969.003.01.04 The construction of sections in areas of highly deformed rocks W. E. A. Phillips and J. G. Byrne Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 3, 81-93, 1 January 1969, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1969.003.01.05 The palaeomagnetic evidence of displacements within continents D. H. Tarling Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 3, 95-113, 1 January 1969, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1969.003.01.06 Historical Analysis of Orogenic Belts Interpretation of stratigraphical ages in orogenic belts W. B. Harland Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 3, 115-135, 1 January 1969, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1969.003.01.07 Interpretation of isotopic ages in orogenic belts P. E. Brown and J. A. Miller Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 3, 137-155, 1 January 1969, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1969.003.01.08 A new approach to radio-isotopic dating in orogenic belts F. J. Fitch, J. A. Miller and J. G. Mitchell Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 3, 157-195, 1 January 1969, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1969.003.01.09 Other Analyses Orogenic belts and their parts N. Rast Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 3, 197-213, 1 January 1969, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1969.003.01.10 Sedimentary thicknesses in orogenic belts R. Stoneley Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 3, 215-238, 1 January 1969, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1969.003.01.11 Rates of change within orogenic belts J. Sutton Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 3, 239-250, 1 January 1969, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1969.003.01.12 The deep structure of orogenic belts—the root problem E. R. Oxburgh Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 3, 251-273, 1 January 1969, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1969.003.01.13 Orogeny in relation to crust and upper mantle M. H. P. Bott Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 3, 275-283, 1 January 1969, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1969.003.01.14 Internal features of some orogenic belts of Africa T. N. Clifford Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 3, 285-287, 1 January 1969, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1969.003.01.15 Closing Remarks Displacement within continents Kingsley Charles Dunham Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 3, 289-290, 1 January 1969, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1969.003.01.16 Discussion Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 3, 291-308, 1 January 1969, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1969.003.01.17

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Measurements and results Tunnel North-south trench East-west trench Deep pit Theoretical development Sorge's Law Deformation of acylindrical tunnel in a viscous compressible medium Discussion Tunnel Trenches Deep pit References Appendix

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Method Procedure Test results Tests conducted Data and calculations Discussion of results References Appendix A. Drawings of apparatus Appendix B. Load-deflection and time-deflection curves for snow beams of various densities

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Test apparatus and experimental procedures Experimental results Conclusions References

Note: CONTENTS Introduction Experimental Analysis The shear of glaciers Tunnel closure Conclusions References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Experimental Apparatus Materials Procedure Experimental results References

Note: CONTENTS Page Preface Summary Introduction Experimental Materials Apparatus and technique Preparation of snow fractions Experimental results Aging of snow cylinders Compressive strength as a function of particle size Mixture of fractions Influence of gases on the compressive strength of snow Discussion References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Observations on the Nuna ramp Sample collection Distribution of the cryoconite holes Observations in the Thule ramp Physical analyses of the cryoconite Biological assay of the cryoconite References Appendix: A study of the bacteria and fungus content of the cryoconite of the Thule area

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Principle of measuring the visco-elastic nature of snow and ice by the vibration method Experimental method for determination of visco-elastic properties of snow and ice Visco-elastic properties of tunnel ice Elastic properties of snow samples from the deep pit Elastic properties of core samples obtained by drilling Elastic properties of snow near the ice-cap surface Vertical variation of Young's modulus near the surface Wind-packed snow Peter snow Relation between Young's modulus and density of snow Relation between Young's modulus and density over the range from surface snow to ice Supplementary experiments on the elastic nature of snow and ice at Site 2 Anisotropy of Peter snow Age hardening Temperature dependence of Young's modulus of core ice Viscosity measurement of snow and ice in Greenland Further experiments on the elastic nature of tunnel ice Temperature dependence of Young's modulus Frequency dependence of Young's modulus Further experiments on the viscous nature of tunnel ice Temperature dependence of loss factor Activation energy Frequency dependence of loss factor and viscosity Relation between viscosity and density Conclusions References Appendix: Experimental data

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Apparatus Specimens Experimental procedures and results Analysis of the data Discussion References

Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.

Note: Contents: Preface. - Symbols, units and numerical values. - 1. The nature and scope of meteorology. - 1.1. Meteorology in relation to other sciences. - 1.2. Variations in space and time. - 1.3. Applied meteorology. - 2. Physical properties of the atmosphere. - 2.1. Composition of dry air. - 2.1.1. Mean molecular weight. - 2.1.2. Dissociation and ionization. - 2.1.3. Escape to space of component molecules. - 2.2. Pressure, density and temperature. - 2.2.1. Definition of pressure. - 2.2.2. Values near sea level. - 2.2.3. Variations in the vertical. - 2.2.4. Diurnal fluctuations at upper levels. - 2.2.5. Horizontal pressure gradients. - 2.3. Water vapour. - 2.3.1. Humidity mixing ratio. - 2.3.2. Density of moist air. - 2.3.3. Saturation vapour pressure. - 2.3.4. Paths leading to saturation. - 2.3.5. Measurement of vapour pressure. - 2.3.6. Distribution of water vapour. - 3. Heat transfer. - 3.1. Radiation processes. - 3.1.1. Solar radiation: its energy distribution. - 3.1.2. The solar constant. - 3.1.3. Effect of the atmosphere and earth on solar radiation. - 3.1.4. Radiation from the earth and atmosphere. - 3.2. Convection. - 3.2.1. Adiabatic temperature changes. - 3.2.2. Adiabatic equation. - 3.2.3. Potential temperature: dry adiabatic lapse rate. - 3.2.4 Saturated adiabatic lapse rate. - 3.2.5. Stability and instability. - 3.3. Heat transfer in land and sea. - 3.3.1. Heating and cooling of soil. - 3.3.2. Heating and cooling of water. - 4. Condensation and precipitation. - 4.1. Microphysical processes. - 4.1.1 Condensation nuclei. - 4.1.2. Curvature and solute effects. - 4.1.3. Water-droplet clouds. - 4.1.4. Ice nuclei. - 4.1.5. Ice-crystal clouds. - 4.1.6. Precipitation from water clouds. - 4.1.7. Precipitation from mixed clouds. - 4.1.8. Thunderstorm electricity. - 4.2. Larger-scale processes. - 4.2.1. Surface cooling. - 4.2.2. Evaporation. - 4.2.3. Vertical motion. - 4.3. Cloud observations. - 4.3.1. Cloud genera: their heights and composition. - 4.3.2. Cloud recognition and general features. - 4.3.3. Effects of vertical wind shear. - 4.3.4. Cloud classification for forecasting. - 5. The tephigram. - 5.1. Construction of the diagram. - 5.1.1. Coordinates: area and energy. - 5.1.2. Isobars. - 5.1.3. Saturation mixing ratio lines. - 5.1.4. Saturated adiabatics. - 5.1.5. Height variation. - 5.2. Simple graphical computations. - 5.2.1. Height. - 5.2.2. Humidity elements. - 5.2.3. Condensation levels. - 5.2.4. Föhn effects. - 5.3. Precipitable water and precipitation rate. - 5.3.1. Formula and calculation. - 5.3.2. Precipitation rate. - 5.3.3. Water content of convection clouds. - 5.4. The effects of vertical motion on lapse rate. - 5.4.1. Unsaturated or saturated motion. - 5.4.2. Potential (convective) instability. - 5.5. Tephigram analysis. - 5.5.1. Latent instability. - 5.5.2. Air mass characteristics. - 6. Winds. - 6.1. Laws of motion and the earth's rotation. - 6.1.1. Newton's First and Second Laws. - 6.1.2. Nature of the earth's rotation. - 6.1.3. Effects of the earth's rotation: the Coriolis force. - 6.2. Inertial flow and geostrophic winds. - 6.2.1. Nature of inertial flow. - 6.2.2. Nature of geostrophic flow. - 6.2.3. Geostrophic wind equation. - 6.2.4. Wind and pressure near the equator. - 6.3. Gradient winds. - 6.4. Winds in the friction layer. - 6.5. Thermal winds. - 6.5.1. Vertical shear vector. - 6.5.2. Temperature control of the shear vector. - 6.5.3. Thermal wind equation and thickness charts. - 6.5.4. Hodographs and temperature advection. - 6.5.5. Jet streams. - 7. Instruments and observations. - 7.1. Routine surface observations. - 7.1.1. Pressure. - 7.1.2. Temperature and humidity. - 7.1.3. Precipitation and evaporation. - 7.1.4. Wind. - 7.1.5. Clouds and visibility. - 7.1.6. Sunshine and radiation. - 7.1.7. Ship observations. - 7.2. Upper air observations. - 7.2.1. Historical. - 7.2.2. The radiosonde: radar winds. - 7.2.3. Ozone measurements. - 7.3. World Weather Watch. - 7.4. Experiments in observation and interpretation. - 7.4.1. Pressure. - 7.4.2. Temperature and humidity. - 7.4.3. Evaporation and rainfall. - 7.4.4. Wind. - 7.4.5. Radiation. - 7.4.6. Topographical influences. - 8. Synoptic Meteorology. - 8.1. The surface weather map: an introduction. - 8.1.1. The plotting code. - 8.1.2. Pressure systems and features. - 8.1.3. Air masses. - 8.1.4. Fronts. - 8.2. Air mass characteristics. - 8.2.1. Classification. - 8.2.2. Modifications. - 8.2.3. Air masses over the British Isles. - 8.3. Frontal characteristics. - 8.3.1. The stability of a frontal surface. - 8.3.2. Equilibrium slope of a frontal surface. - 8.3.3. Frontal structure. - 8.4. Frontal depressions. - 8.4.1. The life cycle of a frontal depression. - 8.4.2. Cold front waves; depression families. - 8.4.3. Warm front waves. - 8.4.4. Secondaries at points of occlusion. - 8.5. Non-frontal depressions. - 8.5.1. Heat lows. - 8.5.2. Polar lows. - 8.5.3. Orographic lows. - 8.5.4. Tropical cyclones. - 8.5.5. Tornadoes. - 8.6. Anticyclones. - 8.6.1. General characteristics. - 8.6.2. Cold and warm anticyclones. - 8.7 Synoptic development. - 8.7.1. Convergence, divergence and vertical motion. - 8.7.2. Convergence and vorticity. - 8.7.3 Long waves. - 8.7.4. Circulation indices: blocking. - 8.8. Surface analysis. - 8.8.1. General. - 8.8.2. Representativeness of observations. - 8.8.3. METMAPS. - 9. Micrometeorology. - 9.1. The nature of airflow near the ground. - 9.1.1. Wind speeds over a uniform level surface. - 9.1.2. Flow within a fluid boundary layer. - 9.1.3. Shearing stress via the mixing length concept. - 9.1.4. The friction velocity u*. - 9.1.5. Interpretation of the mixing length concept. - 9.1.6. The wind profile equation in complete form. - 9.2. The influence of surface roughness on the wind. - 9.2.1. Roughness in the aerodynamic sense. - 9.2.2. Roughness in relation to shearing stress and mean wind speed. - 9.2.3. The drag coefficient CD. - 9.2.4. CD as a transfer coefficient. - 9.2.5. Effect of a change in surface roughness. - 9.3. Vertical transport by turbulence. - 9.3.1. Flux equations; use of electrical analogy. - 9.3.2. Heat flux and other calculations. - 9.3.3. Vertical temperature gradients in relation to turbulent exchange. - 10. The general circulation. - 10.1. General characteristics. - 10.1.1. Genesis and interactions. - 10.1.2. Time fluctuations. - 10.2. Observations. - 10.2.1. Time- and space-averaging. - 10.2.2. Tracers. - 10.3. Experiment and theory. - 10.3.1. The rotating vessel experiment. - 10.3.2. Conservation principles. - 10.3.3. Cellular models. - 10.4. Climatic zones. - 11. Weather forecasting. - 11.1. Historical survey. - 11.1.1. 1860-1920. - 11.1.2. 1920-1945. - 11.1.3. 1945-1960. - 11.1.4. 1960 onwards. - 11.2. Conventional forecasting. - 11.2.1. Pressure tendency. - 11.2.2. Making the forecast. - 11.3. Long-range forecasting. - 11.3.1. Statistical methods. - 11.3.2. Synoptic methods. - 11.3.3. Analogues. - 11.4. Numerical forecasting. - 11.4.1. The barotropic model. - 11.4.2. Later developments. - 11.5. Predictability and control. - 11.5.1. Short-range predictability. - 11.5.2. Medium-range predictability. - 11.5.3. Long-range predictability: climatic trends. - 11.5.4. Weather and climate modification. - Answers to Problems. - Subject Index. - The Wykeham Series.

Note: CONTENTS I. Introduction II. Instrumentation Recording of data III. Results Global radiation Albedo of snow Diffuse sky radiation Effect of clouds on radiation Atmospheric and terrestrial radiation Effect of low sun angle on measured radiation Global radiation gradient Atmospheric transmission coefficient Heat balance of snow cover Applied use of solar energy References. Appendix

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction The principle of pendulum steering Analysis of the power requirements The upper heater control Laboratory tests Summary

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Part I. Two-dimensional shear stress measurements Part II. Three-dimensional shear stress measurements Introduction Measurements Experimental results Evaluation Compatibility checks Comparison between shear stresses under static and dynamic loads Conclusions Part III. Three-dimensional normal stress measurements Introduction Experimental setup Results Analysis Conclusions Part IV. Soil wave propagation in stratified soil Introduttion Distance-time graphs Results Sinusoidal force excitation Refraction Impact force excitation Selected bibliography Appendix A. Equations for computing stress components in Part II Appendix B. Equations for computer program in Part III

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION II SUMMARY OF METHODS OF GROUND WATER DETECTION A. Geophysical Methods Gravimetric Method Magnetic Method Seismic Method Electrical Resistivity Method Electrical, Radioactive and Temperature Logging Methods B. Tracer Methods Dyes as Ground Water Tracers Tracers Detected by Chemical Determinations Radioactive Tracers III LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES OF GROUND WATER TRACERS Ion Exchange in Soils Lysimeter Studies of Fluorescein, Chloride and Iodine-131 Comparison of Stable and Radioactive Calcium Tritium Studies Injection Well Studies of Fluorescein, Dextrose, and Iodine-131 IV CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS A. Geophysical Methods B. Tracer Methods V ABSTRACT OF LITERATURE PERTAINING TO GROUND WATER DETECTION A. Geophysical Methods B . Tracer Methods

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract Introduction Chapter I. The algebras H and L 1. Notation. General conventions 2. Fundamental notions and definitions 3. Geometrical interpretation 4. Summary Chapter II. Monogenic functions 1. Functions which have hypercomplex values 2. Monogenic functions 3. Representatives of monogenic functions in the Banach algebra Lγ 4. Analyticity of monogenic functions Chapter III. Some elementary monogenic functions I. Introduction 2. The inverse function ζ-1 3. The exponential function 4. The components of a power series with real coefficients 5. Trigonometric and hyperbolic functions 6. The logarithmic function 7. The inverse function ζ*-1 8. The singular manifold of (ζ-α*)-1 Chapter IV. Hypercomplex integrals and theorems of Cauchy's type 1. Introduction. Integrals of hypercomplex-valued functions 2. Integrals of monogenic functions over closed curves and surfaces 3. Cauchy's second theorem for monogenic functions of ζ 4. An application of Cauchy's second theorem Chapter V. On some results of Marcel N. Roşuleţ 1. Introduction 2. An algebra associated with Laplace's equation 3. Summary of analysis 4. On the relation between the algebras U and L Appendix. The product of two algebra elements Bibliography

Note: Teils mit Jg.-Zählung , In kyrill. Schr