ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Dieser Band enthält Beiträge zur Geologie des Harzes und seines Umfeldes, die anlässlich des 5. Workshops Harzgeologie am Geowissenschaftlichen Zentrum der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen vorgestellt wurden. Der Band umfasst die Kurzfassungen der Vorträge und Poster und den Exkursionsführer zu dieser zweitägigen Veranstaltung.

Description / Table of Contents: International Order At Sea : What It Is. How It Is Challenged, How It Is Maintained / Jo Inge Bekkevold and Geoffrey Till -- Challenges to Public Order and the Law of the Sea / Mark E. Rosen -- Global Power Shift, Geography, and Maritime East Asia / Øystein Tunsjø -- China's Naval Modernization, Strategies, and Capabilities / Andrew S. Erickson -- Maritime Security and Order at Sea in the Indian Ocean Region / Sarabjeet Singh Parmar -- NATO and the Maritime Domain / Jo G. Gade and Paal Sigurd Hilde -- Maritime Security and International Order at Sea in the Arctic Ocean / Katarzyna Zysk -- The Changing Dynamics of Seapower and Concepts of Battle / Geoffrey Till -- The Maritime Strategies of the United States after the Cold War / Bernard D. Cole -- Maritime Security Cooperation in the South China Sea / Chu Hao and Chen Quinghong -- A Question of Balance : Warfighting and Naval Operations Other Than War / Jo Inge Bekkevold and Ian Bowers -- Managing Maritime Affairs : The Contribution of Maritime Security Forces / Sam Bateman -- The Role of Coast Guards in Conflict Management : The Norwegian Experience / Arild-Inge Skram and Jo G. Gade -- Conclusion : International Order at Sea in the Twenty-First Century / Jo Inge Bekkevold and Geoffrey Till

Description / Table of Contents: As the shale revolution continues in North America, unconventional resource markets are emerging on every continent. In the next eight to ten years, more than 100,000 wells and one- to two-million hydraulic fracturing stages could be executed, resulting in close to one trillion dollars in industry spending. This growth has prompted professionals experienced in conventional oil and gas exploitation and development to acquire practical knowledge of the unconventional realm. Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources: Exploitation and Development provides a comprehensive understanding of the latest advances in the exploitation and development of unconventional resources. With an emphasis on shale, this book: Addresses all aspects of the exploitation and development process, from data mining and accounting to drilling, completion, stimulation, production, and environmental issues. Offers in-depth coverage of sub-surface measurements (geological, geophysical, petrophysical, geochemical, and geomechanical) and their interpretation. Discusses the use of microseismic, fiber optic, and tracer reservoir monitoring technologies and JewelSuite™ reservoir modeling software. Presents the viewpoints of internationally respected experts and researchers from leading exploration and production (E&P) companies and academic institutions

Description / Table of Contents: The third edition of this classic text presents a complete introduction to plasma physics and controlled fusion, written by one of the pioneering scientists in this expanding field.  It offers both a simple and intuitive discussion of the basic concepts of the subject matter and an insight into the challenging problems of current research. This outstanding text offers students a painless introduction to this important field; for teachers, a large collection of problems; and for researchers, a concise review of the fundamentals as well as original treatments of a number of topics never before explained so clearly.  In a wholly lucid manner the second edition covered charged-particle motions, plasmas as fluids, kinetic theory, and nonlinear effects.  For the third edition, two new chapters have been added to incorporate discussion of more recent advances in the field.  The new chapter 9 on Special Plasmas covers non-neutral plasmas, pure electron plasmas, solid and ultra-cold plasmas, pair-ion plasmas, dusty plasmas, helicon plasmas, atmospheric-pressure plasmas, sheath-bounded plasmas, reconnection and turbulence.  Following this, chapter 10 describes Plasma Applications such as magnetic fusion (pinches, mirrors, FRCs, stellarators, tokamaks, spheromaks), plasma accelerators and FELs, ine rtial fusion, semiconductor etching, and spacecraft propulsion. This new revised edition remains an essential text for those new to the field and an invaluable reference source for established researchers

Description / Table of Contents: While the theoretical development of DSGE models is not overly difficult to understand, practical application remains somewhat complex. The literature on this subject has some significant obscure points. This book can be thought of, firstly, as a tool to overcome initial hurdles with this type of modeling. Secondly, by showcasing concrete applications, it aims to persuade incipient researchers to work with this methodology. In principle, this is not a book on macroeconomics in itself, but on tools used in the construction of this sort of models. It strives to present this technique in a detail

Description / Table of Contents: Foreword -- part 1. Introduction -- Magnetic fields at largest universal strengths : overview -- Physics in very strong magnetic fields : an introduction -- part 2. Magnetic fields in stars -- Observations of strong magnetic fields in nondegenerate stars -- Magnetic field generation in stars -- Magnetic white dwarfs -- part 3. Neutron stars -- Neutron stars : thermal emitters -- Radio pulsars -- Neutron stars : cooling and transport -- Magnetic fields of neutron stars in X-ray binaries -- Magnetars : properties, origin, and evolution -- part 4. Accretion, winds, jets -- Accretion and outflows from magnetized stars -- Pulsar wind nebulae -- Disks and jets : gravity, rotation, and magnetic fields -- part 5. Physical processes -- gamma ray bursts as sources of strong magnetic fields -- Relativistic shocks, particle acceleration, and magnetization -- Relativistic magnetic reconnection and Its astrophysical applications

Description / Table of Contents: This book is focused on the basics of applying thermochronology to geological and tectonic problems, with the emphasis on fission-track thermochronology. It is conceived for relatively new practitioners to thermochronology, as well as scientists experienced in the various methods. The book is structured in two parts. Part I is devoted to the fundamentals of the fission-track method, to its integration with other geochronologic methods, and to the basic principles of statistics for fission-track dating and sedimentology applied to detrital thermochronology. Part I also includes the historical development of the technique and thoughts on future directions. Part II is devoted to the geological interpretation of the thermochronologic record. The thermal frame of reference and the different approaches for the interpretation of fission-track data within a geological framework of both basement and detrital studies are discussed in detail. Separate chapters demonstrate the application of fission-track thermochronology from various perspectives (e.g., tectonics, petrology, stratigraphy, hydrocarbon exploration, geomorphology), with other chapters on the application to basement rocks in orogens, passive continental margins and cratonic interiors, as well as various applications of detrital thermochronology.

Description / Table of Contents: In Deutschland schließen inzwischen ebenso viele Frauen wie Männer ein naturwissenschaftliches Studium ab. Welche Karrieremöglichkeiten stehen ihnen offen? Wie begegnen sie der sehr realen Gefahr der Altersarmut durch Stipendien und befristete Anstellung? Und wie schaffen sie es, Familie und Beruf miteinander zu vereinbaren? Karin Bodewits, Andrea Hauk und Philipp Gramlich zeigen in diesem etwas anderen Karriereführer, wie Naturwissenschaftlerinnen die Widrigkeiten des Berufseinstiegs meistern und schon während des Studiums die Weichen richtig stellen können, um im Berufsleben zu bestehen. Die Autoren schöpfen dabei nicht nur aus ihren persönlichen Erfahrungen mit der Arbeitswelt, sondern lassen zahlreiche Wissenschaftlerinnen zu Wort kommen, die ihre mehr oder weniger geradlinigen Karrierewege schildern. Frauen aber auch Männer finden hier viele wertvolle Karrieretipps, von Alternativen zur klassischen Forscherkarriere über die richtige Bewerbung, Aufstiegsmöglichkeiten und beruflichen Wechsel bis zum Wiedereinstieg nach einer Familienpause. Sein lockerer und humorvoller Stil macht das Buch zu einem sympathischen Begleiter durch das Berufsleben, den man beziehungsweise frau nicht mehr missen möchte!

Description / Table of Contents: Should the idea of economic man-the amoral and self-interested Homo economicus-determine how we expect people to respond to monetary rewards, punishments, and other incentives? Samuel Bowles answers with a resounding "no." Policies that follow from this paradigm, he shows, may "crowd out" ethical and generous motives and thus backfire. But incentives per se are not really the culprit. Bowles shows that crowding out occurs when the message conveyed by fines and rewards is that self-interest is expected, that the employer thinks the workforce is lazy, or that the citizen cannot otherwise be trusted to contribute to the public good. Using historical and recent case studies as well as behavioral experiments, Bowles shows how well-designed incentives can crowd in the civic motives on which good governance depends

Description / Table of Contents: Widespread landscape changes are presently observed in the Arctic and are most likely to accelerate in the future, in particular in permafrost regions which are sensitive to climate warming. To assess current and future developments, it is crucial to understand past environmental dynamics in these landscapes. Causes and interactions of environmental variability can hardly be resolved by instrumental records covering modern time scales. However, long-term environmental variability is recorded in paleoenvironmental archives. Lake sediments are important archives that allow reconstruction of local limnogeological processes as well as past environmental changes driven directly or indirectly by climate dynamics. This study aims at reconstructing Late Quaternary permafrost and thermokarst dynamics in central-eastern Beringia, the terrestrial land mass connecting Eurasia and North America during glacial sea-level low stands. In order to investigate development, processes and influence of thermokarst dynamics, several sediment cores from extant lakes and drained lake basins were analyzed to answer the following research questions: 1. When did permafrost degradation and thermokarst lake development take place and what were enhancing and inhibiting environmental factors? 2. What are the dominant processes during thermokarst lake development and how are they reflected in proxy records? 3. How did, and still do, thermokarst dynamics contribute to the inventory and properties of organic matter in sediments and the carbon cycle? Methods applied in this study are based upon a multi-proxy approach combining sedimentological, geochemical, geochronological, and micropaleontological analyses, as well as analyses of stable isotopes and hydrochemistry of pore-water and ice. Modern field observations of water quality and basin morphometrics complete the environmental investigations. The investigated sediment cores reveal permafrost degradation and thermokarst dynamics on different time scales. The analysis of a sediment core from GG basin on the northern Seward Peninsula (Alaska) shows prevalent terrestrial accumulation of yedoma throughout the Early to Mid Wisconsin with intermediate wet conditions at around 44.5 to 41.5 ka BP. This first wetland development was terminated by the accumulation of a 1-meter-thick airfall tephra most likely originating from the South Killeak Maar eruption at 42 ka BP. A depositional hiatus between 22.5 and 0.23 ka BP may indicate thermokarst lake formation in the surrounding of the site which forms a yedoma upland till today. The thermokarst lake forming GG basin initiated 230 ± 30 cal a BP and drained in Spring 2005 AD. Four years after drainage the lake talik was still unfrozen below 268 cm depth. A permafrost core from Mama Rhonda basin on the northern Seward Peninsula preserved a full lacustrine record including several lake phases. The first lake generation developed at 11.8 cal ka BP during the Lateglacial-Early Holocene transition; its old basin (Grandma Rhonda) is still partially preserved at the southern margin of the study basin. Around 9.0 cal ka BP a shallow and more dynamic thermokarst lake developed with actively eroding shorelines and potentially intermediate shallow water or wetland phases (Mama Rhonda). Mama Rhonda lake drainage at 1.1 cal ka BP was followed by gradual accumulation of terrestrial peat and top-down refreezing of the lake talik. A significant lower organic carbon content was measured in Grandma Rhonda deposits (mean TOC of 2.5 wt%) than in Mama Rhonda deposits (mean TOC of 7.9 wt%) highlighting the impact of thermokarst dynamics on biogeochemical cycling in different lake generations by thawing and mobilization of organic carbon into the lake system. Proximal and distal sediment cores from Peatball Lake on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska revealed young thermokarst dynamics since about 1,400 years along a depositional gradient based on reconstructions from shoreline expansion rates and absolute dating results. After its initiation as a remnant pond of a previous drained lake basin, a rapidly deepening lake with increasing oxygenation of the water column is evident from laminated sediments, and higher Fe/Ti and Fe/S ratios in the sediment. The sediment record archived characterizing shifts in depositional regimes and sediment sources from upland deposits and re-deposited sediments from drained thaw lake basins depending on the gradually changing shoreline configuration. These changes are evident from alternating organic inputs into the lake system which highlights the potential for thermokarst lakes to recycle old carbon from degrading permafrost deposits of its catchment. The lake sediment record from Herschel Island in the Yukon (Canada) covers the full Holocene period. After its initiation as a thermokarst lake at 11.7 cal ka BP and intense thermokarst activity until 10.0 cal ka BP, the steady sedimentation was interrupted by a depositional hiatus at 1.6 cal ka BP which likely resulted from lake drainage or allochthonous slumping due to collapsing shore lines. The specific setting of the lake on a push moraine composed of marine deposits is reflected in the sedimentary record. Freshening of the maturing lake is indicated by decreasing electrical conductivity in pore-water. Alternation of marine to freshwater ostracods and foraminifera confirms decreasing salinity as well but also reflects episodical re-deposition of allochthonous marine sediments. Based on permafrost and lacustrine sediment records, this thesis shows examples of the Late Quaternary evolution of typical Arctic permafrost landscapes in central-eastern Beringia and the complex interaction of local disturbance processes, regional environmental dynamics and global climate patterns. This study confirms that thermokarst lakes are important agents of organic matter recycling in complex and continuously changing landscapes.

Description / Table of Contents: List of Contributors -- 1 Fundamentals of Nonlinear Acoustical Techniques and Sideband Peak Count -- 2 Nonlinear Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy: Assessing Global Damage -- 3 Modelling and Numerical Simulations in Nonlinear Acoustics Used for Damage Detection -- 4 Structural Damage Detection Based on Nonlinear Acoustics - Application Examples -- 5 Nonlinear and Hysteretic Constitutive Models for Wave Propagation in Solid Media With Cracks and Contacts -- 6 Nonlinear Ultrasonic Techniques for Material Characterization -- 7 Nonlinear Ultrasonic Responses of Contacting Interfaces -- 8 Nonlinear Acoustic Response of Damage Applied for Diagnostic Imaging -- 9 Nonlinear Guided Waves and Thermal Stresses -- 10 Subharmonic Phased Array for Crack Evaluation (SPACE) -- 11 A Unified Treatment of Nonlinear Viscoelasticity and Non-Equilibrium Dynamics -- 12 Cement-Based Material Characterization Using Nonlinear Single Impact Resonant Acoustic Spectroscopy -- 13 Dynamic Acousto-Elastic Testing -- 14 Time Reversal Acoustics -- 15 Multiscale Quantification of Damage Precursor in Composites -- 16 Anharmonic Interactions of Probing Ultrasonic Waves with the Applied Loads Including Applications Suitable for Structural Health Monitoring -- 17 Noncontact Nonlinear Ultrasonic Wave Modulation for Fatigue Crack and Delamination Detection -- 18 Characterizing Fatigue Cracks Using Active Sensor Networks -- Index

Description / Table of Contents: This multi-contributed volume provides a practical, applications-focused introduction to nonlinear acoustical techniques for nondestructive evaluation. Compared to linear techniques, nonlinear acoustical/ultrasonic techniques are much more sensitive to micro-cracks and other types of small distributed damages. Most materials and structures exhibit nonlinear behavior due to the formation of dislocation and micro-cracks from fatigue or other types of repetitive loadings well before detectable macro-cracks are formed. Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) tools that have been developed based on nonlinear acoustical techniques are capable of providing early warnings about the possibility of structural failure before detectable macro-cracks are formed. This book presents the full range of nonlinear acoustical techniques used today for NDE. The expert chapters cover both theoretical and experimental aspects, but always with an eye towards applications. Unlike other titles currently available, which treat nonlinearity as a physics problem and focus on different analytical derivations, the present volume emphasizes NDE applications over detailed analytical derivations. The introductory chapter presents the fundamentals in a manner accessible to anyone with an undergraduate degree in Engineering or Physics and equips the reader with all of the necessary background to understand the remaining chapters. This self-contained volume will be a valuable reference to graduate students through practising researchers in Engineering, Materials Science, and Physics. Represents the first book on nonlinear acoustical techniques for NDE applications Emphasizes applications of nonlinear acoustical techniques Presents the fundamental physics and mathematics behind nonlinear acoustical phenomenon in a simple, easily understood manner Covers a variety of popular NDE techniques based on nonlinear acoustics in a single volume

Description / Table of Contents: The Yukon Coast in Canada is an ice-rich permafrost coast and highly sensitive to changing environmental conditions. Retrogressive thaw slumps are a common thermoerosion feature along this coast, and develop through the thawing of exposed ice-rich permafrost on slopes and removal of accumulating debris. They contribute large amounts of sediment, including organic carbon and nitrogen, to the nearshore zone. The objective of this study was to 1) identify the climatic and geomorphological drivers of sediment-meltwater release, 2) quantify the amount of released meltwater, sediment, organic carbon and nitrogen, and 3) project the evolution of sediment-meltwater release of retrogressive thaw slumps in a changing future climate. The analysis is based on data collected over 18 days in July 2013 and 18 days in August 2012. A cut-throat flume was set up in the main sediment-meltwater channel of the largest retrogressive thaw slump on Herschel Island. In addition, two weather stations, one on top of the undisturbed tundra and one on the…

Description / Table of Contents: Die Neubearbeitung der Reihe behält das bewährte, motivierende Layout bei. Die Konzeption orientiert sich weiter am Fachlehrplan für die Sekundarschule von 2012. Zahlreiche Aktualisierungen und viele neue Abbildungen sorgen dafür, dass die Reihe noch erfolgreicher für die Unterrichtsarbeit eingesetzt werden kann.

Description / Table of Contents: Herrschte lange Konsens über die Einbindung von Nationalstaaten in transnationale Gemeinwesen wie die Europäische Union, geriet diese Ansicht zuletzt unter Druck: Brüssel sei zu weit weg, die Bevölkerungen der Mitgliedsstaaten hätten kaum Einfluss - "Take back control" lautete das Motto der Brexiteers. Angesichts dieser Konstellation sichtet Dirk Jörke - von Aristoteles bis Jürgen Habermas - Argumente und Befunde zum Zusammenhang zwischen der Größe und der demokratischen Qualität von Staaten. Ausgehend von einer republikanischen Position, bei der die Gleichheit und die Partizipation der Bürgerinnen im Mittelpunkt stehen, plädiert er in seinem so wichtigen wie kontroversen Beitrag für eine räumliche Begrenzung der Demokratie und den Umbau der EU zu einer Konföderation

Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: The formerly Royal Geodetical Institute on the top of the Telegraphenberg in Potsdam in nowadays the Helmert-House within the "Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein". In the staircase of this building there are three busts, presenting Bessel, Gauß and Baeyer. Until now the artist and the time of their production were not known. Christina Wilke, Archives of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Science and Humanities, found materials which show that the sculptor of these busts was Hans Weddo von Glümer. In 1894 he was commissioned to realize them.

Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung: Im Treppenhaus des "Helmert-Hauses" auf dem Telegrafenberg im "Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein" in Potsdam befinden sich drei Büsten: Bessel, Gauß und Baeyer. Dank der im Archiv der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften von Christina Wilke aufgefunden, bislang unbekannten Materialien konnte der Bildhauer und die Entstehungszeit der Büsten ermittelt werden. Der Künstler war Hans Weddo von Glümer, der 1894 den entsprechenden Auftrag erhielt.

Description / Table of Contents: The Anthropocene has become central to understanding the intimate connections between human life and the natural environment, but it has fractured our sense of time and possibility. What implications does that fracturing have for how we should think about politics in these new times? In this cutting-edge intervention, Duncan Kelly considers how this new geological era could shape our future by engaging with the recent past of our political thinking. If politics remains a short-term affair governed by electoral cycles, could an Anthropocenic sense of time, value and prosperity be built into it, altering long-established views about abundance, energy and growth? Is the Anthropocene so disruptive that it is no more than a harbinger of ecological doom, or can modern politics adapt by rethinking older debates about states, territories, and populations? Kelly rejects both pessimistic fatalism about humanity’s demise, and an optimistic fatalism that makes the Anthropocene into a problem too big for politics, best left to the market or technology to solve. His skilful defence of the potential for democratic politics to negotiate this challenge is an indispensable guide to the ideas that matter most to understanding this epochal transformation.

Description / Table of Contents: Polarisierungen haben die Mitte der Gesellschaft erreicht und sie beeinflusst. In Teilen geht die herkömmliche Mitte verloren. Die Menschen wenden sich einer vermeintlich neuen, radikalen Mitte zu, die ihren Zusammenhalt aus der Abwertung von anderen schöpft. Das untersucht die aktuelle "Mitte-Studie" der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung anhand einer repräsentativen Bevölkerungsumfrage vom Herbst 2018. Die Autorinnen und Autoren analysieren die politischen und sozialen Einstellungen der Bundesbürgerinnen und -bürger und prüfen, wie fragil und gespalten die gesellschaftliche Mitte, die stets als Garant für Stabilität und feste Normen galt, heute ist. Rechtsextreme Gruppen treten öffentlichkeitswirksam an der Seite "normaler" Bürgerinnen und Bürger auf, rechtspopulistische Forderungen und Diskurse erhalten scheinbar immer mehr Raum in Politik und Debatte. Wie weit sind rechtsextreme, rechtspopulistische und menschenfeindliche Einstellungen in die Mitte der Gesellschaft eingedrungen? Haben Polarisierungen und Konflikte die Norm von der Gleichwertigkeit aller Gruppen verschoben? Ist die demokratische Mitte geschrumpft oder verloren? Antworten gibt die neue "Mitte-Studie", die seit 2002 antidemokratische Einstellungen in der deutschen Bevölkerung untersucht.

Description / Table of Contents: Für Linux-Administratoren, die in einem Unternehmen oder zu Hause eine zentrale Benutzerverwaltung und Fileservices einrichten wollen: Alle gängigen Server-Distributionen aufsetzen, Benutzer und Gruppen anlegen, Drucker verwalten und Freigaben einrichten - Mit dem Buch sind Sie in der Lage, ein komplette Active Directory Umgebung aus Linux und Samba einzurichten. - Auch die Einrichtung von Fileservern und Clustern ist Schritt für Schritt beschrieben

Description / Table of Contents: Stefan Kania bietet Wissen, Erfahrung und Kompetenz im Rahmen von Dienstleistungen, Schulungen und als Autor der Fachbücher Samba4, Linux-Server und Shell-Programmierung

Description / Table of Contents: Mobilising international law as an instrument of global justice / Jeff Handmaker and Karin Arts -- Speaking the language of international law and politics : or, of ducks, rabbits, and then some / Martti Koskenniemi -- The globalisation of justice : amplifying and silencing voices at the ICC / Sarah Nouwen and Warner ten Kate -- Justice through direct action : the case of the Gaza 'freedom flotilla' / Claudia Saba -- The Hague conventions : giving effect to human rights through instruments of private international law / Maja Groff -- Current developments in the fight against corruption / Abiola Makinwa -- A fatal attraction? : the UN security council and the relationship between R2P and the International Criminal Court / Mark Kersten -- A return to stability? : hegemonic and counter-hegemonic positions in the debate on universal jurisdiction in absentia / Aisling O'Sullivan -- The domestic politics of international children's rights : a Dutch perspective / Jasper Krommendijk -- Human rights cities : the politics of bringing human rights home to the local level / Barbara Oomen -- Taking seriously the politics of international law / Jeff Handmaker and Karin Arts

Description / Table of Contents: This textbook is designed for senior students in geophysics, physics, mathematics, geology and engineering who want a focused and concise introduction to seismic wave theory. It is an invaluable teaching tool because of the detailed derivations of formulas, clear explanations of topics, and inclusion of student exercises with selected answers.Perfect for senior undergraduates and first-year graduate students in geophysics, physics, mathematics, geology and engineering, this book is devoted exclusively to seismic wave theory. The result is an invaluable teaching tool, with its detailed derivations of formulas, clear explanations of topics, exercises along with selected answers, and an additional set of exercises with derived answers on the book's website. Some highlights of the text include: a review of vector calculus and Fourier transforms and an introduction to tensors, which prepare readers for the chapters to come; and a detailed discussion on computing reflection and transmission coefficients, a topic of wide interest in the field; a discussion in later chapters of plane waves in anisotropic and anelastic media, which serves as a useful introduction to these two areas of current research in geophysics. Students will learn to understand seismic wave theory through the book's clear and concise pedagogy.

Description / Table of Contents: Deliberative democracy has challenged two widely-accepted nostrums about democratic politics: that people lack the capacities for effective self-government; and that democratic procedures are arbitrary and do not reflect popular will; indeed, that the idea of popular will is itself illusory. On the contrary, deliberative democrats have shown that people are capable of being sophisticated, creative problem solvers, given the right opportunities in the right kinds of democratic institutions. But deliberative empirical research has its own problems. In this text two leading deliberative scholars review decades of that research and reveal three important issues.

Description / Table of Contents: Europa von A bis Z ist Europa zum Nachschlagen: In über 70 Sachbeiträgen erklären renommierte Europaexperten wissenschaftlich fundiert und zugleich verständlich alle wichtigen Themen und Begriffe aus Politik, Wirtschaft und Geschichte der europäischen Einigung. Das Taschenbuch wendet sich an alle Europa-Interessierten, die sich gezielt und zuverlässig über den neuesten Stand in europapolitischen Fragen informieren wollen. Die überarbeitete und aktualisierte Neuauflage bietet: 〈li〉eine historische Einführung und eine Chronologie 〈li〉einen umfangreichen Lexikonteil zur europäischen Einigung 〈li〉Überblicksdarstellungen zu Arbeit und Funktionsweise der EU-Organe 〈li〉ein Glossar mit Schlüsselbegriffen im Überblick 〈li〉Vertragsgrundlagen und weiterführende Literaturhinweise

Description / Table of Contents: Written by eminent scientists from the field, this extensive overview of seismic ambient noise includes observations, physical origins, modelling, processing methods and applications in imaging and monitoring the internal structure of the Earth, for graduate students and scientists working in seismology and other imaging sciences.The seismic ambient field allows us to study interactions between the atmosphere, the oceans and the solid Earth. The theoretical understanding of seismic ambient noise has improved substantially in the last decades, and the number of its applications has increased dramatically. With chapters written by eminent scientists from the field, this book covers a range of topics including ambient noise observations, generation models of their physical origins, numerical modelling and processing methods. The later chapters focus on applications in imaging and monitoring the internal structure of the Earth, including interferometry for time-dependant imaging and tomography. This volume thus provides a comprehensive overview of this cutting-edge discipline for graduate students studying geophysics and for scientists working in seismology and other imaging sciences.

Description / Table of Contents: Intro -- Dedication -- Introduction -- Chapter One: Excellence -- Chapter Two: Speech -- Chapter Three: Diversity -- Chapter Four: Memory -- Epilogue -- Acknowledgments -- About the Author -- Notes -- Index -- Copyright.

Description / Table of Contents: Part I.Regional Overview -- Chapter 1. Phanerozoic orogens of NW Southamerica: Cordilleran Type Orogens, Taphrogenic tectonics and the Orogenic Float -- Chapter 2. Phanerozoic orogens of NW Southamerica: Cordilleran Type Orogens, Taphrogenic tectonics and the Orogenic Float -- Part II.The Guiana Shield and the Andean Belt -- Chapter 3. The Proterozoic basement of the Western Guiana shield and the Northern Andes -- Part III.Early Paleozoic Tectono-Sedimentary History -- Chapter 4.Ordovician orogeny and jurassic low-lying orogeny in the Santander Massif, Northern Andes (Colombia) -- Part 4. Major Tectono-Magmatic Events -- Chapter 5.Phanerozoic Granitoid magmatism and tectono-magmatic evolution in the Colombian Andes -- Chapter 6.Phanerozoic metallogeny in the Colombian Andes: a tectono-magmatic framework -- Chapter 7.Paleogene Magmatism of the Maracaibo block and its tectonic significance -- Chapter 8.Late cenozoic to modern-day volcanism in the Northern Andes: A geochronological, petro-graphical and geochemical review -- Part 5.The Northern Andean Orogen -- Part 5.The Northern Andean Orogen -- Chapter 9.Diagnostic structural features of NW South America: Structural Cross-Sections Based Upon Detailed Field Transects -- Chapter 10.Cretaceous stratigraphy and paleo-facies maps of Northwestern South America -- Chapter 11.Morphotectonics and orogenic development of the Northern Andes of Colombia: A low-temperature thermochronology perspective -- Chapter 12.The Romeral shear zone -- Part 6.Continental Uplift-Drift -- Chapter 13.Thermochronology, uplift-exhumation of the Merida Andes, Santander Massif - Perija and Si-erra Nevada De Santa Marta. A Regional Overview -- Part 7.Active Oceanic - Continental Collision -- Chapter 14.The geology of the Panama-Choco Arc -- Part 8.Holocene - Anthropocene -- Chapter 15.Sediment transfers from the Andes of Colombia during the Anthropocene -- Chapter 16.The historical, geomorphological evolution of the Colombian littoral zones (XVIII century to present)

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the geological evolution of the Northern Andes and contiguous shield areas, with a focus upon Colombia. Updated geological interpretations are supported by modern lithogeochemical, seismic, gravity and magnetic data and radiogenic isotope and radiometric age determinations. The composite data permits a detailed interpretation of the tectono-magmatic history of the Northern Andean Block, including the Andes of Colombia, northern Ecuador, western Venezuela and eastern Panamá. Tectonic reconstructions based upon characterization of more than thirty litho-tectonic and morpho-structural units, terrane assemblages and tectonic realms, and their bounding suture and fault systems, highlight the intimate and complementary Mesozoic-Cenozoic history of the Northern Andean Block and the Pacific and Caribbean Plates. The complex nature of Northern Andean assembly contrasts with ‘‘classical’’ Central Andean ‘‘Cordilleran-type’’ orogenic models. Differences render the application of typical Cordilleran-type models inappropriate for the Colombian Andes. The importance of underlying Proterozoic through mid-Mesozoic elements, in the development of Meso-Cenozoic Northern Andean orogeny-phase tectonic configurations is analyzed in the light of spatial-temporal studies and reconstructions related to basin formation, sedimentation, deformation, uplift mechanisms, structural style and magmatic evolution. The pre-Andean architecture of north western South America has played a pre-determinative role in the development of the Northern Andean orogenic system. 16 contributions analyze key stratigraphic, structural, metamorphic, magmatic and tectonic questions, and provide solutions as far as the most recent published field-based studies permit. The volume provides geological interpretations and tectonic models which contrast with repetitive theoretical proposals frequently found in the available literature