ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: An account of the results of the 2 March 1987 earthquake in the eastern Bay of Plenty and the aftermath's effects on the people and places on the Rangitaiki Plains

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter I. Air-Sea Exchange Processes and Flux --- Chemical composition of marine aerosols over the Central North Pacific—Results ftom the 1991 cruise of Hakurei Maru No. 2 / Uematsu, M., Kawamupa, K., Ibusuki, T. and Kimoto, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 3-14 --- Estimation of mineral aerosol fluxes to the Pacific by using environmental plutonium as a tracer / Nakanishi, T., Shiba, Y., Muramatsu, M. and Haque, M. A. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 15-30 --- Land-derived lipid class compounds in the deep-sea sediments and marine aerosols from the North Pacific / Kawamura, K. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 31-51 --- Iron and manganese in the atmosphere and oceanic waters / Nakayama, E., Obata, H., Okamura, K., Isshiki, K., Karatani, H. and Kimoto, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 53-68 --- Laboratory estimation of CO2 transfer velocity across the air-sea interface / Komom, S., Shimada, T. and Murakami, Y. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 69-81 --- Dissolution of calcareous tests in the ocean and atmospheric carbon dioxide / Nozaki, Y. and Oba, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 83-92 --- Calcium carbonate production and carbon dioxide flux on a coral reef, Okinawa / Ohde, S. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 93-98 --- Chapter II. Geochemical Processes in Seawater --- Generations of carbonyl sulfide and hydrogen peroxide in the Seto Inland Sea—Photochemical reactions progressing in the coastal seawater / Fujiwara, K., Takeda, K. and Kumamoto, Y. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 101-127 --- Speciation of organoarsenical compounds in the hydrosphere / Sohrin, Y., Hasegawa, H. and Matsui, M. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 129-138 --- Chemical speciation of selenium in natural waters / Nakaguchi, Y., Koike, Y. and Hiraki, K. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 139-158 --- The concentration distribution and chemical form of arsenic compounds in seawater / Tanaka, S. and Santosa, S. J. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 159-170 --- The rare earth elements and yttrium in the coastal/offshore mixing zone of Tokyo Bay waters and the Kuroshio / Nozaki, Y. and Zhang, J. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 171-184 --- The tetrad effect in seawater; a long dispute and an analytical approach to the confirmation of the effect / Akagi, T. and Masuda, A. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 185-199 --- Detection, characterization and dynamics of dissolved organic ligands in oceanic waters / Tanoue, E. and Midorikawa, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 201-224 --- Chapter III. Primary Production and Other Biological Processes --- Nitrate assimilation and new production in open ocean / Kanda, J. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 227-238 --- Primary production and community respiration in the subarctic water of the western North Pacific / Odate, T. and Furuya, K. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 239-253 --- Effects of a seamount on phytoplankton production in the western Pacific Ocean / Furuya, K., Odate, T. and Taguchi, K. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 255-273 --- Marine colloids: Their roles in food webs and biogeochemical fluxes / Nagata, T. and Koike, I. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 275-292 --- Regional and seasonal variations of biomass and bio-mediated materials in the North Pacific Ocean / Yanada, M. and Maita, Y. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 293-306 --- Nitrogen and carbon stable isotopic ecology in the ocean: The transportation of organic materials through the food web / Sugisakj, H. and Tsuda, A. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 307-317 --- The role of carnivorous zooplankton, particularly chaetognaths in ocean flux / Terazaki, M. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 319-330 --- Seasonal changes in deep-sea benthic foraminiferal populations: Results of long-term observations at Sagami Bay, Japan / Kitazato, H. and Ohga, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 331-342 --- Chapter IV. Particle Flux and Sediment Geochemistry --- Spatial variation of Al flux in the North Pacific observed with sediment trap / Noriki, S., Iwai, T., Shimamoto, A., Tsunogai, S. and Harada, K. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 345-354 --- Spatial and temporal variation of δ515N in sinking particles in deep waters: Its implication for the origin and transport of particulate organic matter / Nakatsuka, T., Handa, N. and Imaizumi, S. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 355-374 --- 230Th and 231Pa distributions in surface sediments off Enshunada, Japan / Taguchi, K. and Narita, H. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 375-382 --- Remobilization of transition elements in pore water of continental slope sediments / Kato, Y., Tanase, M., Minami, H. and Okabe, S. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 383-405 --- Geochemistry of pore waters from a bathyal Calyptogena community off Hatsushima Island, Sagami Bay, Japan / Masuzawa, T., Nakatsuka, T. and Handa, N. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 407-421 --- Chapter V. Submarine Hydrothermal Processes --- Wide variation of chemical characteristics of submarine hydrothermal fluids due to secondary modification processes after high temperature water-rock interaction: a review / Gamo, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 425-451 --- Geochemistry of phase-separated hydrothermal fluids of the North Fiji Basin, Southwest Pacific / Ishibashi, J. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 453-467 --- Chemical modeling of seawater-rock interaction: Effect of rock-type on the fluid chemistry and mineral assemblage / Chiba, H. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 469-486 --- Hydrothermal mineralization in the Mid-Okinawa Trough / Nakashima, K., Sakai, H., Yoshida, H., Chiba, H., Tanaka, Y., Gamo, T., Ishibashi, J. and Tsunogai, U. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 487-508 --- Iron-rich smectite formation in the hydrothermal sediment of Iheya Basin, Okinawa Trough / Masuda, H. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 509-521 --- Formation and alteration of organic compounds in simulated submarine hydrothermal vent environments / Kobayashi, K., Kohara, M., Gamo, T. and Yanagawa, H. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 523-535 --- Localized heat flow anomalies in the middle Okinawa Trough associated with hydrothermal circulation / Kinoshita, M. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 537-559 --- Chapter VI. Modeling and Physical Oceanography --- Material transport models from Tokyo Bay to the Pacific Ocean / Yanagi, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 563-574 --- Climate and weather effects on the chlorophyll concentration in the northwestern North Pacific / Sugimoto, T., Tadokoro, K. and Furushima, Y. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 575-592 --- Ecosystem models for the three regional problems in the Northern Pacific / Kishi, M. J. and Kawamiya, M. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 593-611 --- A review on the subtropical mode water of the North Pacific (NPSTMW) / Hanawa, K. and Suga, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 613-627 --- Flow distribution at 165°E in the Pacific Ocean / Kawabe, M. and Taira, K. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 629-649 --- Determination of monthly mean sea surface temperature from 1981 to 1990 by the NOAA-AVHRR in the equatorial Pacific / Kishino, M. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 651-659

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE The sedimentology of Chalk describes processes that caused the rhythmic vertical variation in grain size, structures and authigenic mineral concentrations in Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary, subtropical, shallow marine, fine-grained, detrital bioclastic carbonates of northwest Europe. In particular, attention is paid to the sedimentology of the Tuffaceous Chalk of Maaslricht (The Netherlands), a coarsegrained variety of Chalk that resembles the Chalk (coccolithic mudstones) as well as modern shallow marine carbonate sands. Numerical models are presented that enable the simulation of the genesis of flint nodule layers, hardgrounds and complex wavy bedded sequences, such as the K/T boundary sequence of Stevns Klint (Denmark). The aim of this book is to show how depositional and early diagenetic features, which are observed in small-scale Chalk outcrops, can be used to reconstruct the large-scale dynamics of the northwest European continent during the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary...

Description / Table of Contents: P-wave Velocity Discontinuity in D" Layer beneath Western Pacific with J-Array Records / T. Shibutani, K. Hirahara, and M. Kato / pp. 1-11 --- Formation of Iron Hydrides under the Condition of the Earth's Interior-Implication for the Core Formation Process / T. Yagi / pp. 13-28 --- Computer Simulation of the Structural and Elastic Properties of Iron at Earth's Inner Core Conditions / M. Matsui / pp. 29-34 --- Experimental Study of the Decomposition of Kyanite at High Pressure and High Temperature / T. Irifune, K. Kuroda, T. Minagawa, and M. Unemoto / pp. 35-44 --- Empirical Formulation for the Distribution of Ca2+ between Olivine and Ca-rich Clinopyroxene at 7.5 GPa Pressure / T. Kawasaki / pp. 45-55 --- Rock-Magnetic Study of Sediments: A Brief Review of Bulk Sample Methods / M. Torii / pp. 57-73 --- Intensity of the Geomagnetic Field in Geological Time: A Statistical Study / M. Kono and H. Tanaka / pp. 75-94 --- Strength ol the Magnetic Field in the Earth's Core Estimated from Geomagnetic Field Data / M. Matsushima / pp. 95-104 --- On Truncation Levels in Spherical Harmonic Expansion of Magnetic and Velocity Fields in an MHD Dynamo Model / Y. Tanahashi, Y. Honkura, and M. Matsushima / pp. 105-122 --- Boussinesq Convection in Rotating Spherical Shells ~ A Study on the Equatorial Superrotation / S. Takehiro and Y.-Y. Hayashi / pp. 123-156 --- Bubble Convection / K. Iga and R. Kimura / pp. 157-180 --- Simulation of Fluid Flow in the Earth's Outer Core: Application of a Lattice Gas Method / H. Kabayama, Y. Teshima, H. Takayanagi, and Y. Honkura / pp. 181-213 --- Basic Equations for the Evolution of Partially Molten Mantle and Core / Y. Abe / pp. 215-230 --- A Model for the Structural Evolution of the Earth's Core and Its Relation to the Observations / I. Sumita, S. Yoshida, Y. Hamano, and M. Kumazawa / pp. 231-260 --- Evaporation and Condensation Kinetics and Isotopic Mass Fractionations in the Systems Mg-Si-O-H and Fe-S-H in Relation to the Major Element Compositions of the Earth / A. Tsuchiyama and C. Uyeda / pp. 261-275 --- Isotope line Analysis on Primitive Materials Using Ion Microprobe / C. Uyeda and A. Tsuchiyama / pp. 277-285 --- Element Partitioning between MgSiO3 Perovskite, Magma, and Molten Iron: Constraints for the Earliest Processes of the Earth-Moon System / E. Ohtani, H. Yurimoto, T. Segawa, and T. Kato / pp. 287-300 --- Evolution of the Earth's Obliquity and the Role of Core-Mantle Coupling / T. Ito and Y. Hamano / pp. 301-318 --- Core and Deformable Mantle Couplings beneath the Eurasian and the Pacific Plate Boundary / C. Kakuta / pp. 319-330 --- Differences in Morphology and Structure between Hotspot Tracks: Effects of the Lithospheric Age at the Time of Formation / C. Honsho and K. Tamaki / pp. 331-342 --- Noble Gas Constraints on the Plume Sources in the Earth's Deep Interior / I. Kaneoka / pp. 343-355 --- Polynesian Super Plume: A Window down to the Core/Mantle Boundary / Y. Tatsumi and T. Kogiso / pp. 357-367 ---

Description / Table of Contents: The 1993 Southwest Hokkaido Earthquake of Magnitude 7. 9 (July 12, 22: 17 JST) caused serious tsunami disasters in the southwestern part of Hokkaido, particularly on Okushiri Island (a tiny island off the southwest coast of Hokkaido with a population of about 4,500 at the time of earthquake). Of 230 casualties, including 28 missing, about 200 deaths are attributable to the tsunami. We have conducted detailed field surveys of tsunami disasters to learn lessons from this costly natural experiment for the future prevention of similar tsunami disasters. Our field work was conducted in four surveys totaling 39 days. During the first field survey (July 16 through July 21, 1994), we worked mostly on the estimation of the subsidence of Okushiri Island during the earthquake. Hence, our main work on tsunami disasters initiated from the second field survey (July 31 through Aug. 15, 1994). Several groups have conducted detailed surveys of the distribution of tsunami runup height as measured from the level of sea water (TsUJI et al. , 1 994a, b; MATSUTOMI and SHUTO, 1994; GOTO et al. , 1994). Such a precise runup height distribution is essential for characterizing tsunami, including its overall size. Indeed, the height distribution is the fundamental data for inferring earthquake source parameters through the simulation of tsunami generation (TAKAHASHI et al. , 1994; IMAMURA et al. , 1994; TSUJI et al. , 1994a; SATAKE and TANIOKA 1994; ABE, 1994; TANIOKA et al. , in review).

Description / Table of Contents: Michael R. House: Orbital forcing timescales: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:1-18, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.01 --- Sean B. Kelly and Shaun P. Sadler: Equilibrium and response to climatic and tectonic forcing: A study of alluvial sequences in the Devonian Munster Basin, Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:19-36, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.02 --- Michael R. House: Devonian precessional and other signatures for establishing a Givetian timescale / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:37-49, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.03 --- G. P. Weedon and W. A. Read: Orbital-climatic forcing of Namurian cyclic sedimentation from spectral analysis of the Limestone Coal Formation, Central Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:51-66, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.04 --- Gwyn P. G. Moses: Calibration, analysis and interpretation of depositional cycles in the Early Toarcian of Yorkshire, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:67-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.05 --- Helen K. Waterhouse: High-resolution palynofacies investigation of Kimmeridgian sedimentary cycles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:75-114, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.06 --- P. J. Valdes, B. W. Sellwood, and G. D. Price: Modelling Late Jurassic Milankovitch climate variations / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:115-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.07 --- P. Cotillon: Constraints for using high-frequency sedimentary cycles in cyclostratigraphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:133-141, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.08 --- F. Giraud, L. Beaufort, and P. Cotillon: Periodicities of carbonate cycles in the Valanginian of the Vocontian Trough: a strong obliquity control / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:143-164, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.09 --- Didier Quesne and Serge Ferry: Detailed relationships between platform and pelagic carbonates (Barremian, SE France) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:165-176, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.10 --- A. S. Gale: Cyclostratigraphy and correlation of the Cenomanian Stage in Western Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:177-197, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.11 --- Alfred G. Fischer: Cyclostratigraphy, Quo Vadis? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:199-204, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.12

Description / Table of Contents: H. J. De Haan: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:1-4, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.01 --- Reservoir Characterization --- Alistair Jones, James Doyle, Torgrim Jacobsen, and Dagrun Kjønsvik: Which sub-seismic heterogeneities influence waterflood performance? A case study of a low net-to-gross fluvial reservoir / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:5-18, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.02 --- Michael J. King: Application and analysis of a new method for calculating tensor permeability / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:19-27, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.03 --- Dagrun Kjønsvik and Jostein Alvestad: An analytical method for calculating the performance of heterogeneous reservoirs and its use in uncertainty analysis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:29-41, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.04 --- J. A. Kokkedee and V. K. Boutkan: Towards measurement of capillary pressure and relative permeability at representative wettability / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:43-50, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.05 --- Lee E. Baker: Three-phase relative permeability of water-wet, intermediate-wet and oil-wet sandstone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:51-61, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.06 --- François Kalaydjian, Olga Vizika, Jean-Claude Moulu, and Per Kristian Munkerud: The role of wettability and spreading in gas injection processes under secondary conditions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:63-71, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.07 --- Daniel Longeron, François Kalaydjian, and Charles Bardon: Gas-oil capillary pressure measurements at reservoir conditions: effect of interfacial tension and connate water saturation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:73-80, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.08 --- K. J. Heffer and N. C. Koutsabeloulis: Stress effects on reservoir flow: — Numerical modelling used to reproduce field data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:81-88, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.09 --- Water and Gas Injection Methods --- Marianne Jørgensen and Erling H. Stenby: Modelling of vapour-liquid-liquid equilibria of CO2-crude oil mixtures / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:89-97, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.10 --- Mariann Dalland and Jan Erik Hanssen: Foam barriers for thin oil rims: gas blockage with hydrocarbon foams / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:99-109, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.11 --- Jan Erik Hanssen, Leonid M. Surguchev, Idar Svorstøl, and Tore Blaker: SAGA injection: a new combination IOR process for stratified reservoirs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:111-123, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.12 --- Randy Doyle Hazlett: Soluble gas injection for waterflood profile modification / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:125-131, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.13 --- M. J. King, M. J. Blunt, M. Mansfield, and M. A. Christie: Rapid evaluation of the impact of heterogeneity on miscible gas injection / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:133-142, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.14 --- Vilgeir Dalen, Rune Instefjord, and Reidar Kristensen: A WAG injection pilot in the Lower Brent Formation at the Gullfaks Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:143-152, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.15 --- Richard J. Hallam, Tuan D. Ma, and Eric W. Reinbold: Performance evaluation and optimization of the Kuparuk hydrocarbon miscible water-alternating-gas flood / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:153-164, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.16 --- T. C. Wilcox, M. W. Polzin, S. S. Kuo, and K. J. Humphrey: Prudhoe Bay: infill drilling in gravity dominated WAG floods / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:165-173, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.17 --- H. Niko and J. Ovens: Waterflooding under fracturing conditions: from theoretical modelling to field process / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:175-185, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.18 --- Oil Rim Development --- S. N. Zakirov, A. N. Shandrygin, and A. S. Romanov: A new approach to oil rim development / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:187-195, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.19 --- T. Madsen, O. Lie, and M. Velvin: Improving oil recovery from Oseberg Gamma North using horizontal wells / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:197-208, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.20 --- Chemical Recovery Methods --- Birgitte E. R. Schilling, Jan-Åge Stensen, and Pål-Eric Øren: Effects of pore-scale displacement mechanisms and small-scale heterogeneities on oil recovery by surfactant flooding / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:209-218, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.21 --- L. K. Altunina, A. A. Bokserman, V. A. Kuvshinov, and V. V. Polkovnikov: Inorganic gels for enhanced oil recovery at high temperature / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:219-223, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.22 --- B. Kalpakci, T. G. Arf, D. M. Grist, S. B. Hyde, O. Vikane, and S. Espedal: A preliminary evaluation of an LTPF process for Statfjord Field, Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:225-237, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.23 --- A. Putz, B. Pedron, and B. Bazin: Commercial polymer injection in the Courtenay Field, 1993 update / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:239-249, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.24 --- R. Kristensen, T. Lund, V. I. Titov, and N. I. Akimov: Laboratory evaluation and field tests of a silicate gel system intended for use under North Sea conditions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:251-259, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.25 --- Thermal Recovery Methods --- R. R. G. G. Godderij, F. Gümrah, C. T. S. Palmgren, and J. Bruining: An investigation of the vertical sweep efficiency of steam drive in a layered reservoir / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:261-273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.26 --- D. M. Marjerrison and M. R. Fassihi: Morgan pressure cycling in-situ combustion project: performance and modelling / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:275-286, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.27

Description / Table of Contents: This book presents the proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, CAIP '95, held in Prague, Czech Republic in September 1995. The volume presents 61 full papers and 75 posters selected from a total of 262 submissions and thus gives a comprehensive view on the state-of-the-art in computer analysis of images and patterns, research, design, and advanced applications. The papers are organized in sections on invariants, segmentation and grouping, optical flow, model recovery and parameter estimation, low level vision, motion detection, structure and matching, active vision and shading, human face recognition, calibration, contour, and sessions on applications in diverse areas.

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE Seismic imaging is the process through which seismograms recorded on the Earth's surface are mapped into representations of its interior properties. Imaging methods are nowadays applied to a broad range of seismic observations: from nearsurface environmental studies, to oil and gas exploration, even to long-period earthquake seismology. The characteristic length scales of the features imaged by these techniques range over many orders of magnitude. Yet there is a common body of physical theory and mathematical techniques which underlies all these methods. The focus of this book is the imaging of reflection seismic data from controlled sources. At the frequencies typical of such experiments, the Earth is, to a first approximation, a vertically stratified medium. These stratifications have resulted from the slow, constant deposition of sediments, sands, ash, and so on. Due to compaction, erosion, change of sea level, and many other factors, the geologic, and hence elastic, character of these layers varies with depth and age. One has only to look at an exposed sedimentary cross section to be impressed by the fact that these changes can occur over such short distances that the properties themselves are effectively discontinuous relative to the seismic wavelength. These layers can vary in thickness from less than a meter to many hundreds of meters. As a result, when the Earth's surface is excited with some source of seismic energy and the response recorded on seismometers, we will see a complicated zoo of elastic wave types: reflections from the discontinuities in material properties, multiple reflections within the layers, guided waves, interface waves which propagate along the boundary between two different layers, surface waves which are exponentially attenuated with depth, waves which are refracted by continuous changes in material properties, and others. The character of these seismic waves allows seismologists to make inferences about the nature of the subsurface geology. Because of tectonic and other dynamic forces at work in the Earth, this first-order view of the subsurface geology as a layer cake must often be modified to take into account bent and fractured strata. Extreme deformations can occur in processes such as mountain building. Under the influence of great heat and stress, some rocks exhibit a taffy-like consistency and can be bent into exotic shapes without breaking, while others become severely fractured. In marine environments, less dense salt can be overlain by more dense sediments; as the salt rises under its own buoyancy, it pushes the overburden out of the way, severely deforming originally flat layers. Further, even on the relatively localized scale of exploration seismology, there may be significant lateral variations in material properties. For example, if we look at the sediments carried downstream by a river, it isclear that lighter particles will be carried further, while bigger ones will be deposited first; flows near the center of the channel will be faster than the flow on the verge. This gives rise to significant variation is the density and porosity of a given sedimentary formation as a function of just how the sediments were deposited. Taking all these effects into account, seismic waves propagating in the Earth will be refracted, reflected and diffracted. In order to be able to image the Earth, to see through the complicated distorting lens that its heterogeneous subsurface presents to us, in other words, to be able to solve the inverse scattering problem, we need to be able to undo all of these wave propagation effects. In a nutshell, that is the goal of imaging: to transform a suite of seismograms recorded at the surface of the Earth into a depth section, i.e., a spatial image of some property of the Earth (usually wave speed or impedance). There are two main types of spatial variations of the Earth's properties. There are the smooth changes (smooth meaning possessing spatial wavelengths which are long compared to seismic wavelengths) associated with processes such as compaction. These gradual variations cause ray paths to be gently turned or refracted. On the other hand, there are the sharp changes (short spatial wavelength), mostly in the vertical direction, which we associate with changes in lithology and, to a lesser extent, fracturing. These short wavelength features give rise to the reflections and diffractions we see on seismic sections. If the Earth were only smoothly varying, with no discontinuities, then we would not see any events at all in exploration seismology because the distances between the sources and receivers are not often large enough for rays to turn upward and be recorded. This means that to first order, reflection seismology is sensitive primarily to the short spatial wavelength features in the velocity model. We usually assume that we know the smoothly varying part of the velocity model (somehow) and use an imaging algorithm to find the discontinuities. The earliest forms of imaging involved moving, literally migrating, events around seismic time sections by manual or mechanical means. Later, these manual migration methods were replaced by computer-oriented methods which took into account, to varying degrees, the physics of wave propagation and scattering. It is now apparent that all accurate imaging methods can be viewed essentially as linearized inversions of the wave equation, whether in terms of Fourier integral operators or direct gradient-based optimization of a waveform misfit function. The implicit caveat hanging on the word "essentially" in the last sentence is this: people in the exploration community who practice migration are usually not able to obtain or preserve the true amplitudes of the data. As a result, attempts to interpret subtle changes in reflector strength, as opposed to reflector position, usually run afoul of one or more approximations made in the sequence of processing steps that makes up a migration (trace equalization, gaining, deconvolution, etc.) On the other hand, if we had true amplitude data, that is, if the samples recorded on the seismogram really were proportional to the velocity of the piece of Earth to which the geophone were attached, then we could make quantitative statements about how spatial variations in reflector strength are related to changes in geological properties. The distinction here is the distinction between imaging reflectors, on the one hand, and doing a true inverse problem for the subsurface properties on the other. Until quite recently the exploration community was exclusively concerned with the former, and today the word "migration" almost always refers to the imaging problem. The more sophisticated view of imaging as an inverse problem is gradually making its way into the production software of oil and gas exploration companies, since careful treatment of amplitudes is often crucial in making decisions on subtle lithologic plays (amplitude versus offset or AVO) and in resolving the chaotic wave propagation effects of complex structures. When studying migration methods, the student is faced with a bewildering assortment of algorithms, based upon diverse physical approximations. What sort of velocity model can be used: constant wave speed v? v(x), v(x, z), v(x, y, z)? Gentle dips? Steep dips? Shall we attempt to use turning or refracted rays? Take into account mode converted arrivals? 2D (two dimensions)? 3D? Prestack? Poststack? If poststack, how does one effect one-way wave propagation, given that stacking attenuates multiple reflections? What domain shall we use? Time-space? Time-wave number? Frequency-space? Frequency-wave number? Do we want to image the entire dataset or just some part of it? Are we just trying to refine a crude velocity model or are we attempting to resolve an important feature with high resolution? It is possible to imagine imaging algorithms that would work under the most demanding of these assumptions, but they would be highly inefficient when one of the simpler physical models pertains. And since all of these situations arise at one time or another, it is necessary to look at a variety of migration algorithms in daily use. Given the hundreds of papers that have been published in the past 15 years, to do a reasonably comprehensive job of presenting all the different imaging algorithms would require a book many times the length of this one. This was not my goal in any case. I have tried to emphasize the fundamental physical and mathematical ideas of imaging rather than the details of particular applications. I hope that rather than appearing as a disparate bag of tricks, seismic imaging will be seen as a coherent body of knowledge, much as optics is...

Description / Table of Contents: Adrian Hartley and Jeremy Prosser: Characterization of deep marine clastic systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:1-3, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.01 --- R. Anderton: Sequences, cycles and other nonsense: are submarine fan models any use in reservoir geology? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:5-11, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.02 --- Shunji Ouchi, Frank G. Ethridge, Edward W. James, and S. A. Schumm: Experimental study of subaqueous fan development / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:13-29, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.03 --- Ben Kneller: Beyond the turbidite paradigm: physical models for deposition of turbidites and their implications for reservoir prediction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:31-49, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.04 --- Simon R. Hughes, Jan Alexander, and Tim H. Druitt: Anisotropic grain fabric: volcanic and laboratory analogues for turbidites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:51-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.05 --- Robert J. Nichols: The liquification and remobilization of sandy sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:63-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.06 --- R. J. Dixon, K. Schofield, R. Anderton, A. D. Reynolds, R. W. S. Alexander, M. C. Williams, and K. G. Davies: Sandstone diapirism and clastic intrusion in the Tertiary submarine fans of the Bruce-Beryl Embayment, Quadrant 9, UKCS / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:77-94, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.07 --- Candace M. Brooke, Tim J. Trimble, and Tom A. Mackay: Mounded shallow gas sands from the Quaternary of the North Sea: analogues for the formation of sand mounds in deep water Tertiary sediments? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:95-101, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.08 --- J. C. Pauley: Sandstone megabeds from the Tertiary of the North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:103-114, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.09 --- Bryan T. Cronin: Structurally-controlled deep sea channel courses: examples from the Miocene of southeast Spain and the Alboran Sea, southwest Mediterranean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:115-135, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.10 --- J. R. Browne and D. Pirrie: Sediment dispersal patterns in a deep marine back-arc basin: evidence from heavy mineral provenance studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:137-154, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.11 --- Ivo Verstralen, Adrian Hartley, and Andrew Hurst: The sedimentological record of a late Jurassic transgression: Rona Member (Kimmeridge Clay Formation equivalent), West Shetland Basin, UKCS / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:155-176, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.12 --- Roseleen S. Watson, Nigel H. Trewin, and Anthony E. Fallick: The formation of carbonate cements in the Forth and Balmoral Fields, northern North Sea: a case for biodegradation, carbonate cementation and oil leakage during early burial / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:177-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.13 --- D. J. Prosser, M. E. McKeever, A. J. C. Hogg, and A. Hurst: Permeability heterogeneity within massive Jurassic submarine fan sandstones from the Miller Field, northern North Sea, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:201-219, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.14 --- Melissa Johansson and Dorrik A. V. Stow: A classification scheme for shale clasts in deep water sandstones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:221-241, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.15

Description / Table of Contents: P. F. Croker and P. M. Shannon: The petroleum geology of Ireland’s offshore basins: introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:1-8, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.01 --- P. W. Readman, B. M. O’Reilly, J. W. F. Edwards, and M. J. Sankey: A gravity map of Ireland and surrounding waters / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:9-16, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.02 --- Rob Shelton: Mesozoic basin evolution of the North Channel: preliminary results / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:17-20, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.03 --- Steven Fitzsimons and John Parnell: Diagenetic history and reservoir potential of Permo-Triassic sandstones in the Rathlin Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:21-35, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.04 --- James P. Armstrong, Victor A. A. D’Elia, and Rita Löberg: Holywell Shale: a potential source of hydrocarbons in the East Irish Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:37-38, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.05 --- Stephen Trueblood, Chris Bryan, and Steve Pickering: The Douglas oil field and its implications for exploration on the Irish Continental Shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:39-40, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.06 --- Peter F. Croker: Shallow gas accumulation and migration in the western Irish Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:41-58, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.07 --- Steven J. Maddox, Richard Blow, and Martin Hardman: Hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Central Irish Sea Basin with reference to Block 42/12, offshore Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:59-77, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.08 --- P. S. Griffiths: Predictive model for the development and distribution of Triassic reservoir sands offshore southeast Ireland, based on seismic sequence geometries at the Variscan unconformity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:79-80, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.09 --- F. W. Musgrove, L. M. Murdoch, and T. Lenehan: The Variscan fold-thrust belt of southeast Ireland and its control on early Mesozoic extension and deposition: a method to predict the Sherwood Sandstone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:81-100, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.10 --- Philip Rowell: Tectono-stratigraphy of the North Celtic Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:101-137, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.11 --- Nuala P. Ewins and Patrick M. Shannon: Sedimentology and diagenesis of the Jurassic and Cretaceous of the North Celtic Sea and Fastnet Basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:139-169, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.12 --- L. G. Kessler II and Scott D. Sachs: Depositional setting and sequence stratigraphic implications of the Upper Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) sandstone interval, North Celtic Sea/St George’s Channel Basins, offshore Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:171-192, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.13 --- N. J. Murphy, M. J. Sauer, and J. P. Armstrong: Toarcian source rock potential in the North Celtic Sea Basin, offshore Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:193-207, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.14 --- V. N. D. Caston: The Helvick oil accumulation, Block 49/9, North Celtic Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:209-225, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.15 --- D. R. Taber, M. K. Vickers, and R. D. Winn, Jr: The definition of the Albian ‘A’ Sand reservoir fairway and aspects of associated gas accumulations in the North Celtic Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:227-244, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.16 --- Adrian Hartley: Sedimentology of the Cretaceous Greensand, Quadrants 48 and 49, North Celtic Sea Basin: a progradational shoreface deposit / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:245-257, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.17 --- M. V. Murray: Development of small gas fields in the Kinsale Head area / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:259-260, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.18 --- Tim J. Howell and Paul Griffiths: A study of the hydrocarbon distribution and Lower Cretaceous Greensand prospectivity in Blocks 48/15, 48/17, 48/18 and 48/19, North Celtic Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:261-275, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.19 --- John E. Craven: The tectonic evolution, stratigraphy and petroleum potential of the Mizen Basin, southwest Celtic Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:277, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.20 --- C. Smith: Evolution of the Cockburn Basin: implications for the structural development of the Celtic Sea basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:279-295, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.21 --- L. M. Murdoch, F. W. Musgrove, and J. S. Perry: Tertiary uplift and inversion history in the North Celtic Sea Basin and its influence on source rock maturity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:297-319, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.22 --- Robert J. Menpes and Richard R. Hillis: Quantification of Tertiary exhumation from sonic velocity data, Celtic Sea/Southwestern Approaches / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:321-322, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.23 --- N. A. McMahon and J. R. Underhill: The regional stratigraphy of the southwest United Kingdom and adjacent offshore areas with particular reference to the major intra-Cretaceous unconformity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:323-325, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.24 --- Peter F. Croker: The Clare Basin: a geological and geophysical outline / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:327-339, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.25 --- D. O’Driscoll, B. B. Holcombe, P. T. Rose, and D. J. Jones: Cretaceous and Tertiary unconformities in the Atlantic margin basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:341, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.26 --- T. C. Earls: Potential for development of the Connemara field, Block 26/28 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:343, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.27 --- J. G. Moore and P. M. Shannon: The Cretaceous succession in the Porcupine Basin, offshore Ireland: facies distribution and hydrocarbon potential / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:345-370, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.28 --- T. McCann, P. M. Shannon, and J. G. Moore: Fault styles in the Porcupine Basin, offshore Ireland: tectonic and sedimentary controls / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:371-383, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.29 --- I. C. Scotchman and J. R. W. Thomas: Maturity and hydrocarbon generation in the Slyne Trough, northwest Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:385-411, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.30 --- Brian M. O’Reilly, Franz Hauser, A. W. Brian Jacob, Pat M. Shannon, Jannis Makris, and Ulrike Vogt: The Erris and eastern Rockall Troughs: structural and sedimentological development / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:413-421, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.31 --- Richard W. England: Westline: a deep near-normal incidence reflection profile across the Rockall Trough / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:423-427, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.32 --- A. W. B. Jacob, P. M. Shannon, J. Makris, F. Hauser, U. Vogt, and B. M. O’Reilly: An overview of the results of the RAPIDS seismic project, North Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:429-431, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.33 --- J. S. Daly, L. M. Heaman, R. C. Fitzgerald, J. F. Menuge, T. S. Brewer, and A. C. Morton: Age and crustal evolution of crystalline basement in western Ireland and Rockall / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:433-434, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.34 --- P. M. Shannon, A. W. B. Jacob, J. Makris, B. O’Reilly, F. Hauser, and U. Vogt: Basin development and petroleum prospectivity of the Rockall and Hatton region / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:435-457, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.35 --- Jannis Makris, Knuth Lange, Leo Savostin, and Vladimir Sedov: A wide-angle reflection profile across the Iceland-Faeroe Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:459-466, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.36 --- P. M. Shannon, B. P. J. Williams, and I. K. Sinclair: Tectonic controls on Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous reservoir architecture in the Jeanne d’Arc Basin, with some comparisons from the Porcupine and Moray Firth Basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:467-490, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.37 --- Appendix: A list of common abbreviations / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:491, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.38

Description / Table of Contents: James G. Buchanan and Peter G. Buchanan: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:vii-ix, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.01 --- Mechanics, Dynamics and Geometry of Basin Inversion --- Richard H. Sibson: Selective fault reactivation during basin inversion: potential for fluid redistribution through fault-valve action / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:3-19, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.02 --- James Brodie and Nicky White: The link between sedimentary basin inversion and igneous underplating / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:21-38, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.03 --- James D. Lowell: Mechanics of basin inversion from worldwide examples / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:39-57, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.04 --- S. D. Knott, A. Beach, A. I. Welbon, and P. J. Brockbank: Basin inversion in the Gulf of Suez: implications for exploration and development in failed rifts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:59-81, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.05 --- Duncan S. Macgregor: Hydrocarbon habitat and classification of inverted rift basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:83-93, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.06 --- Modelling of Basin Inversion --- K. R. McClay: The geometries and kinematics of inverted fault systems: a review of analogue model studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:97-118, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.07 --- Gloria Eisenstadt and Martha Oliver Withjack: Estimating inversion: results from clay models / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:119-136, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.08 --- J. V. A. Keller and K. R. McClay: 3D sandbox models of positive inversion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:137-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.09 --- Recognition and Measurement of Basin Inversion --- Paul F. Green, Ian R. Duddy, and Richard J. Bray: Applications of Thermal History Reconstruction in inverted basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:149-165, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.10 --- Richard R. Hillis: Regional Tertiary Exhumation in and around the United Kingdom / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:167-190, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.11 --- Robert J. Menpes and Richard R. Hillis: Quantification of Tertiary exhumation from sonic velocity data, Celtic Sea/South-Western Approaches / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:191-207, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.12 --- Case Studies: Americas --- Miguel A. Uliana, Marcelo E. Arteaga, Leonardo Legarreta, Jorge J. Cerdán, and Gustavo O. Peroni: Inversion structures and hydrocarbon occurrence in Argentina / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:211-233, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.13 --- J. F. Homovc, G. A. Conforto, P. A. Lafourcade, and L. A. Chelotti: Fold belt in the San Jorge Basin, Argentina: an example of tectonic inversion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:235-248, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.14 --- Iain K. Sinclair: Transpressional inversion due to episodic rotation of extensional stresses in Jeanne d’Arc Basin, offshore Newfoundland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:249-271, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.15 --- Case Studies: Europe --- D. W. Thomas and M. P. Coward: Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous inversion of the northern East Shetland Basin, northern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:275-306, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.16 --- Robert J. Hooper, Leng Siang Goh, and Fiona Dewey: The inversion history of the northeastern margin of the Broad Fourteens Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:307-317, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.17 --- Nigel R. Deeks and Stefan A. Thomas: Basin inversion in a strike-slip regime: the Tornquist Zone, Southern Baltic Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:319-338, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.18 --- Pascale Huyghe and Jean-Louis Mugnier: A comparison of inverted basins of the Southern North Sea and inverted structures of the external Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:339-353, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.19 --- Michal Nemčok, Rod Gayer, and Marios Miliorizos: Structural analysis of the inverted Bristol Channel Basin: implications for the geometry and timing of fracture porosity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:355-392, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.20 --- Chris J. Dart, Ken McClay, and Peter N. Hollings: 3D analysis of inverted extensional fault systems, southern Bristol Channel basin, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:393-413, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.21 --- R. M. G. Bond and K. R. McClay: Inversion of a Lower Cretaceous extensional basin, south central Pyrenees, Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:415-431, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.22 --- Joan Guimerà, Ángela Alonso, and José Ramón Mas: Inversion of an extensional-ramp basin by a newly formed thrust: the Cameros basin (N. Spain) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:433-453, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.23 --- Case Studies: Asia --- Joseph. J. Lambiase and William P. Bosworth: Structural development and stratigraphy of the Kyokpo Pull-Apart Basin, South Korea and tectonic implications for inverted extensional basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:457-471, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.24 --- M. A. Samuel, N. A. Harbury, M. E. Jones, and S. J. Matthews: Inversion-controlled uplift of an outer-arc ridge: Nias Island, offshore Sumatra / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:473-492, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.25 --- Guang Ming Wang, Mike P. Coward, Wenguang Yuan, Shenshu Liu, and Wenqiang Wang: Fold growth during basin inversion — example from the East China Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:493-522, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.26 --- Case Studies: Australasia --- Kevin C. Hill, Kathy A. Hill, Gareth T. Cooper, Andrea J. O’Sullivan, Paul B. O’Sullivan, and M. Jane Richardson: Inversion around the Bass Basin, SE Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:525-547, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.27 --- Daniel J. Bishop and Peter G. Buchanan: Development of structurally inverted basins: a case study from the West Coast, South Island, New Zealand / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:549-585, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.28 --- Jonathan P. Turner and Steve G. Corbin: Tertiary uplift of a deep rift-sag basin, Cardigan Bay, offshore Wales, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 88:587, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.088.01.29

Description / Table of Contents: Neal W. Driscoll, John R. Hogg, Nicholas Christie-Blick, and Garry D. Karner: Extensional tectonics in the Jeanne d’Arc Basin, offshore Newfoundland: implications for the timing of break-up between Grand Banks and Iberia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:1-28, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.01 --- Iain K. Sinclair: Sequence stratigraphic response to Aptian-Albian rifting in conjugate margin basins: a comparison of the Jeanne d’Arc Basin, offshore Newfoundland, and the Porcupine Basin, offshore Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:29-49, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.02 --- C. C. Ebdon, P. J. Granger, H. D. Johnson, and A. M. Evans: Early Tertiary evolution and sequence stratigraphy of the Faeroe-Shetland Basin: implications for hydrocarbon prospectivity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:51-69, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.03 --- G. Boillot, M. O. Beslier, C. M. Krawczyk, D. Rappin, and T. J. Reston: The formation of passive margins: constraints from the crustal structure and segmentation of the deep Galicia margin, Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:71-91, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.04 --- T. J. Reston, C. M. Krawczyk, and H.-J. Hoffmann: Detachment tectonics during Atlantic rifting: analysis and interpretation of the S reflection, the west Galicia margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:93-109, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.05 --- Liselotte Kiørboe and Steen Agerlin Petersen: Seismic investigation of the Faeroe basalts and their substratum / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:111-123, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.06 --- K. Vanneste, J.-P. Henriet, J. Posewang, and F. Theilen: Seismic stratigraphy of the Bill Bailey and Lousy Bank area: implications for subsidence history / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:125-139, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.07 --- Morten Sparre Andersen and Lars Ole Boldreel: Effect of Eocene-Miocene Compression Structures on Bottom-Water Currents in the Faeroe-Rockall Area / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:141-143, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.08 --- Lars Ole Boldreel and Morten Sparre Andersen: The relationship between the distribution of Tertiary sediments, tectonic processes and deep-water circulation around the Faeroe Islands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:145-158, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.09 --- M. S. Stoker: The influence of glacigenic sedimentation on slope-apron development on the continental margin off Northwest Britain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:159-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.10 --- Regin Waagstein and Claus Heilmann-Clausen: Petrography and biostratigraphy of Palaeogene volcaniclastic sediments dredged from the Faeroes shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:179-197, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.11 --- E. J. W. Jones, S. C. Cande, and F. Spathopoulos: Evolution of a major oceanographic pathway: the equatorial atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:199-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.12 --- Morten Sparre Andersen and Lars Ole Boldreel: Tertiary compression structures in the Faeroe-Rockall area / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:215-216, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.13 --- Simon K. Haslett: Pliocene-Pleistocene radiolarian biostratigraphy and palaeoceanography of the North Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:217-225, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.14 --- John B. Hunt, Nigel G. T. Fannin, Peter G. Hill, and J. Douglas Peacock: The tephrochronology and radiocarbon dating of North Atlantic, Late-Quaternary sediments: an example from the St. Kilda Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:227-248, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.15 --- K. Thomson and R. R. Hillis: Tertiary structuration and erosion of the Inner Moray Firth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:249-269, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.16 --- C. N. Wold: Palaeobathymetric reconstruction on a gridded database: the northern North Atlantic and southern Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:271-302, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.17

Description / Table of Contents: A guide to field personnel in practical aspects and commonly encountered problems of ground-water investigations, development, and management. Information is presented covering such aspects as ground-water investigations, aquifer test analysis, estimating aquifer yield, data collection, and geophysical investigations. In addition, the manual includes permeability tests, well design, dewatering systems, well specifications and drilling, well sterilization, pumps, and other aspects.

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE In recent years, there has been increasing interest from geoscientists in potassic igneous rocks. Academic geoscientists have been interested in their petrogenesis and their potential value in defining the tectonic setting of the terranes into which they were intruded, and exploration geoscientists have become increasingly interested in the association of these rocks with major epithermal gold and porphyry gold-copper deposits. Despite this current interest, there is no comprehensive textbook that deals with these aspects of potassic igneous rocks. This book redresses this situation by elucidating the characteristic features of potassic (high-K) igneous rocks, erecting a hierarchical scheme that allows interpretation of their tectonic setting using whole-rock geochemistry, and investigating their associations with a variety of gold and copper-gold deposits, worldwide. About twothirds of the book is based on a PhD thesis by Dr Daniel MOiler which was produced at the Key Centre for Strategic Mineral Deposits within the Department of Geology and Geophysics at The University of Western Australia under the supervision of Professor David Groves, the late Dr Nick Rock, Professor Eugen Stumpfl, Dr Wayne Taylor, and Dr Brendon Griffin. The remainder of the book was compiled from the literature using the collective experience of the two authors. The book is dedicated to the memory of Dr Rock who initiated the research project but died before its completion...

Description / Table of Contents: The Microbial Turnover of Carbon in the Deep-Sea Environment / H. W. Jannasch / pp. 1-11 --- The Role of the Anthropogenic Nutrient Input in the Carbon Fixation of the Coastal Ocean Yellow Sea: A Preliminary Study / G. H. Hong, S. H. Kim, C. S. Chung and S. J. Pae / pp. 13-22 --- The Role of the Pacific Ocean as a Regulator of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentrations / C.-T. A. Chen / pp. 23-34 --- CO2 Hydrate Formation and Inversion of Density between Liquid CO2 and H2O in Deep Sea: Experimental Study Using Submersible "Shinkai 6500" / M. Honda, J. Hashimoto, J. Naka and H. Hotta / pp. 35-43 --- Physical Data of CO2 Hydrate / T. Uchida, T. Hondoh, S. Mae and J. Kawabata / pp. 45-61 --- Discussion on the Direct Ocean Disposal of CO2 / N. Handa, H. Ishitani, H. Sakai, M. Takahashi and T. Ohsumi / pp. 63-82 --- The Second International Workshop on Interaction between CO2 and Ocean 1-2 June, 1993 / Tsukuba Center for Institutes, Tsukuba, Japan --- Disposal Options in View of Geochemical Cycle of Carbon / T. Ohsumi / pp. 83-88 --- Developing the Concept of Ocean Disposal Of CO2 within the Framework of an International Agreement / W. G. Ormerod, I. C. Webster, H. Audus and P. W. F. Riemer / pp. 89-101 --- Fate and Effects of Disposed CO2 for Scenarios in the North Pacific Ocean / C. S. Wong and R. Matear / pp. 103-122 --- Disposal Options in View of Ocean Circulation / P. M. Haugan and H. Drange / pp. 123-141 --- The Capacity of the Deep Oceans to Absorb Carbon Dioxide / K. H. Cole, G. R. Stegen and D. Spencer / pp. 143-152 --- Confined Release of CO2 into Shallow Seawater / E. E. Adams, D. Golomb, X. Y. Zhang and H. J. Herzog / pp. 153-164 --- Physical Behavior of Liquid CO2 in the Ocean / Y. Kobayashi / pp. 165-181 --- Technical View on CO2 Transportation onto the Deep Ocean Floor and Dispersion at Intermediate Depths / N. Nakashiki, T. Ohsumi and N. Katano / pp. 183-193 --- Thermodynamics of Multi-Phase Equilibria in the CO2-Seawater System / M. W. Wadsley / pp. 195-216 --- Formation and Stability of CO2 Hydrate / Y. Shindo, Y. Fujioka, Y. Yanagisawa, T. Hakuta and H. Komiyama / pp. 217-231 --- Dissolution Test of a CO2 Droplet through Clathrate Film at High Pressure / I. Aya / pp. 233-238 --- Laboratory Experiments of CO2 Injection into the Ocean / S. M. Masutani, C. M. Kinoshita, G. C. Nihous, H. Teng, L. A. Vega and S. K. Sharma / pp. 239-252 --- Current Status of Dee -Sea Biology in Relation to the CO2 Disposal / Y. Shirayama / pp. 253-264 --- Summary of Discussion on the Direct Ocean Disposal of CO2 / N. Handa, K. Yamada, H. Sakai, M. Takahashi and T. Ohsumi / pp. 265-266

Description / Table of Contents: A workshop on Induced Seismicity was organized during the 27th General Assembly of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of Earth's Interior (IASPEI) in Wellington, New Zealand during January 10-21, 1994. This volume presents a collection of 16 papers accepted for publication which accrued from this workshop. The first three papers address mining activity related to induced seismicity. The fourth paper deals with water injection induced seismic activity, while the remaining 12 papers treat several aspects of water reservoir induced earthquakes. Globally, the Koyna dam creating Shivajisagar Lake in Maharashtra, India, continues to be the most significant site of reservoir-induced earthquakes. With the increase in the number of cases of induced seismicity, there is a growing concern among planners, engineers, geophysicists and geologists to understand the environment conducive to this phenomenon. While the changes in pore-fluid pressure have been identified as the key factor in inducing earthquakes, the phenomenon itself is still poorly understood. This reality thus makes the study of the induced seismicity very important and this volume timely.

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE There can be little doubt that estuarine, coastal and shelf circulation modeling will assume increasing importance in the immediate future, as we work through the implications of industrialization for oceanic systems. These issues will place new and serious operational demands on available models, and the rapid increase in computational power we now enjoy makes it possible to respond with detailed simulations in many categories. As a result, we are witnessing an explosive growth in the quantity of model-generated information. Lacking, however, is a concomitant increase in its quality or even in quality control procedures. A single simulation exercise is easily capable of generating gigabytes of output in a matter of hours. Most of the data will necessarily go unexamined by its progenitors. Yet it is highly likely that disks full of simulation output will be used extensively as learning tools for students and researchers, as criteria for engineering design, as a basis for operational decision-making, and in the formulation of public policy. The purpose of this volume is to assemble and present what is known about the intrinsic quality of simulation output: its "correctness" for various purposes. We have operated on the twin premises that (1) every simulation has some intrinsic value and (2) every simulation has serious drawbacks. Between these two extremes lies a vast gulf of uncertainty and potential error, which must be bridged in a professional way if modeling is to achieve its potential in the coastal ocean. This is the basic challenge put to the authors of this volume. Essentially we seek to describe and consolidate approaches, theories, and practices for extracting information from models, and to understand the limits of their proper use. We have focused on quantitative approaches to the problem, from diverse physical and mathematical perspectives. Rather than pursuing abstract, philosophical analyses, we have sought contributions reflecting contemporary practice in government, academic, engineering, and research units where frontier model development is taking place. In a similar spirit, we have avoided imposing linguistic norms among authors, which we view as unproductive at this time. Instead, we have let the authors describe their approaches to this multi-faceted problem in their own terms, subject only to standards of clarity of expression. We are especially pleased to have balanced representation from European and North American authors. This volume was initially conceived at an informal workshop in Brussels, convened by our great friend and colleague, the late Bruno M. Jamart. That event first brought several of the contributing authors together over the skill assessment theme, and seeded a mutual vision of the present work. Bruno's energy, insight, integrity, collegiality, and boundless spirit has been an inspiration to all who knew and worked with him. His untimely death in 1990 represents a great loss which is deeply and widely felt. In his memory we dedicate this volume, a humble memorial to a great spirit and friend.

Description / Table of Contents: The Lyapunov and Riccati equations are two of the fundamental equations of control and system theory, having special relevance for system identification, optimization, boundary value problems, power systems, signal processing, and communications. The Lyapunov Matrix Equation in System Stability and Control covers mathematical developments and applications while providing quick and easy references for solutions to engineering and mathematical problems. Examples of real-world systems are given throughout the text in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented methods and algorithms. The book will appeal to practicing engineers, theoreticians, applied mathematicians, and graduate students who seek a comprehensive view of the main results of the Lyapunov matrix equation. Presents techniques for solving and analyzing the algebraic, differential, and difference Lyapunov matrix equations of continuous-time and discrete-time systems Offers summaries and references at the end of each chapter Contains examples of the use of the equation to solve real-world problems Provides quick and easy references for the solutions to engineering and mathematical problems using the Lyapunov equation

Description / Table of Contents: Maarten J. De Wit and Andrew Hynes: The onset of interaction between the hydrosphere and oceanic crust, and the origin of the first continental lithosphere / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:1-9, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.01 --- Kenneth A. Eriksson: Crustal growth, surface processes, and atmospheric evolution on the early Earth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:11-25, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.02 --- E. G. Nisbet: Archaean ecology: a review of evidence for the early development of bacterial biomes, and speculations on the development of a global-scale biosphere / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:27-51, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.03 --- R. M. Shackleton: Tectonic evolution of greenstone belts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:53-65, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.04 --- P. Choukroune, H. Bouhallier, and N. T. Arndt: Soft lithosphere during periods of Archaean crustal growth or crustal reworking / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:67-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.05 --- Peter J. Treloar and Tom G. Blenkinsop: Archaean deformation patterns in Zimbabwe: true indicators of Tibetan-style crustal extrusion or not? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:87-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.06 --- James F. Wilson, Robert W. Nesbitt, and C. Mark Fanning: Zircon geochronology of Archaean felsic sequences in the Zimbabwe craton: a revision of greenstone stratigraphy and a model for crustal growth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:109-126, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.07 --- Alec F. Trendall: Paradigms for the Pilbara / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:127-142, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.08 --- John S. Myers: The generation and assembly of an Archaean supercontinent: evidence from the Yilgarn craton, Western Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:143-154, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.09 --- D. I. Groves, J. R. Ridley, E. M. J. Bloem, M. Gebre-Mariam, S. G. Hagemann, J. M. A. Hronsky, J. T. Knight, N. J. McNaughton, J. Ojala, R. M. Vielreicher, T. C. McCuaig, and P. W. Holyland: Lode-gold deposits of the Yilgarn block: products of Late Archaean crustal-scale overpressured hydrothermal systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:155-172, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.10 --- R. J. Herrington: Late Archaean structure and gold mineralization in the Kadoma region of the Midlands greenstone belt, Zimbabwe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:173-191, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.11 --- David Bridgwater, Flemming Mengel, Brian Fryer, Paul Wagner, and Søren Claudius Hansen: Early Proterozoic mafic dykes in the North Atlantic and Baltic cratons: field setting and chemistry of distinctive dyke swarms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:193-210, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.12 --- R. G. Park: Palaeoproterozoic Laurentia-Baltica relationships: a view from the Lewisian / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:211-224, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.13 --- Timothy James Wynn: Deformation in the mid to lower continental crust: analogues from Proterozoic shear zones in NW Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:225-241, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.14 --- Mike P. Coward, Richard M. Spencer, and Camille E. Spencer: Development of the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:243-269, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.15 --- R. H. Graham: Asian analogues for Precambrian tectonics? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:271-289, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.16

Description / Table of Contents: Jeremy R. A. Giles: The what, why, when, how, where and who of geological data management / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:1-4, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.01 --- Database design --- Ken Rasmussen: An overview of database analysis and design for geological systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:5-11, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.02 --- K. J. Chew: Data modelling a general-purpose petroleum geological database / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:13-23, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.03 --- J. S. Coats and J. R. Harris: Database design in geochemistry: BGS experience / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:25-32, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.04 --- J. R. A. Giles and K. A. Bain: The nature of data on a geological map / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:33-40, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.05 --- Michael R. Saunders, John A. Shields, and Michael R. Taylor: Improving the value of geological data: a standardized data model for industry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:41-53, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.06 --- M. Lhotak and M. C. Boulter: Towards the creation of an international database of palaeontology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:55-64, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.07 --- D. G. Toll and A. J. Oliver: Structuring soil and rock descriptions for storage in geotechnical databases / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:65-71, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.08 --- S. C. R. Mallender: The use of text databases in the management of exploration data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:73-79, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.09 --- Data Management --- D. J. Lowe: The geological data manager: an expanding role to fill a rapidly growing need / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:81-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.10 --- Paul R. Duller: The quality assurance of geological data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:91-95, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.11 --- Stephen Henley: Project databases: standards and security / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:97-101, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.12 --- Roy K. Lowry and Raymond N. Cramer: Database applications supporting Community Research Projects in NERC marine sciences / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:103-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.13 --- Roy K. Lowry and Stephen G. Loch: Transfer and SERPLO: powerful data quality control tools developed by the British Oceanographic Data Centre / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:109-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.14 --- R. C. Bowie: Data management in the National Geological Records Centre / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:117-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.15 --- Richard G. Miller and John S. Gardner: Geoscience data value, cost and management in the oil industry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:127-135, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.16 --- Case Studies --- P. Doorgakant: Groundwater level archive for England and Wales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:137-144, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.17 --- S. Power, M. Scott, G. Robinson, and I. Statham: Database design and data management on the Swansea-Llanelli Earth Science Mapping Project / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:145-155, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.18 --- Andrew A. McKenzie: A hydrogeological database for Honduras / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:157-162, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.19 --- Stephen G. Allen: CD-ROM and its application to the petroleum industry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:163-180, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.20

Description / Table of Contents: K. W. Glennie: Permian and Triassic rifting in northwest Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:1-5, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.01 --- M. P. Coward: Structural and tectonic setting of the Permo-Triassic basins of northwest Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:7-39, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.02 --- A. Carter, A. Yelland, C. Bristow, and A. J. Hurford: Thermal histories of Permian and Triassic basins in Britain derived from fission track analysis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:41-56, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.03 --- T. Swiecicki, P. Wilcockson, A. Canham, G. Whelan, and H. Homann: Dating, correlation and stratigraphy of the Triassic sediments in the West Shetlands area / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:57-85, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.04 --- K. Hitchen, M. S. Stoker, D. Evans, and B. Beddoe-Stephens: Permo-Triassic sedimentary and volcanic rocks in basins to the north and west of Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:87-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.05 --- T. B. Anderson, J. Parnell, and A. H. Ruffell: Influence of basement on the geometry of Permo-Triassic basins in the northwest British Isles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:103-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.06 --- P. J. Goldsmith, B. Rich, and J. Standring: Triassic correlation and stratigraphy in the South Central Graben, UK North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:123-143, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.07 --- P. A. Griffiths, M. R. Allen, J. Craig, W. R. Fitches, and R. J. Whittington: Distinction between fault and salt control of Mesozoic sedimentation on the southern margin of the Mid-North Sea High / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:145-159, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.08 --- R. A. Chadwick and D. J. Evans: The timing and direction of Permo-Triassic extension in southern Britain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:161-192, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.09 --- A. Ruffell, M. P. Coward, and M. Harvey: Geometry and tectonic evolution of megasequences in the Plymouth Bay Basin, English Channel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:193-214, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.10 --- P. M. Shannon: Permo-Triassic development of the Celtic Sea region, offshore Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:215-237, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.11 --- M. L. Keeley: New evidence of Permo-Triassic rifting, onshore southern Ireland, and its implications for Variscan structural inheritance / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:239-253, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.12

Description / Table of Contents: Mohammed S. Ameen: Fractography: fracture topography as a tool in fracture mechanics and stress analysis. An introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:1-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.01 --- Part 1: Fractographic Studies --- Methods of Observation, Data Collection and Processing/Quantitative Fractography --- Ömer Aydan and Yasuhiro Shimizu: Surface morphology characteristics of rock discontinuities with particular reference to their genesis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:11-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.02 --- Mark W. Jessell, Simon J. D. Cox, Phillip Schwarze, and William L. Power: The anisotropy of surface roughness measured using a digital photogrammetric technique / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:27-37, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.03 --- Application of Fractography to Fracture Analysis from Core --- P. Bankwitz and E. Bankwitz: Fractographic features on joints of KTB drill cores (Bavaria, Germany) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:39-58, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.04 --- Fractography Applied to the Analysis of Experimentally Produced Fractures in Rocks and Non-Rocks --- B. R. Kulander and Stuart L. Dean: Observations on fractography with laboratory experiments for geologists / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:59-82, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.05 --- C. Butenuth and M. H. de Freitas: The character of rock surfaces formed in Mode I / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:83-96, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.06 --- Fractography Applied to Fracture Analysis in Field Studies Aimed at Understanding Regional Tectonics --- Mohammed S. Ameen: Fractography and fracture characterization in the Permo-Triassic sandstones and the Lower Palaeozoic Basement, West Cumbria, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:97-147, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.07 --- Mohammed S. Ameen: Fracture characterization in the Chalk and the evolution of the Thanet monocline, Kent, southern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:149-174, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.08 --- John C. Roberts: Fracture surface markings in Liassic limestone at Lavernock Point, South Wales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:175-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.09 --- Part 2: Non-Fractographic Studies --- Miscellaneous Studies of Fractures --- J. W. Cosgrove: The expression of hydraulic fracturing in rocks and sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:187-196, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.10 --- A. M. Goodwin: Spatial change in joint geometry in the Chalk of eastern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:197-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.11 --- Michael R. Gross, Mark P. Fischer, Terry Engelder, and Roy J. Greenfield: Factors controlling joint spacing in interbedded sedimentary rocks: integrating numerical models with field observations from the Monterey Formation, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:215-233, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.12

Description / Table of Contents: R. E. Dunay and E. A. Hailwood: Non-biostratigraphical methods of dating and correlation: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 89:1-2, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.089.01.01 --- Andrew Morton and Andrew Hurst: Correlation of sandstones using heavy minerals: an example from the Statfjord Formation of the Snorre Field, northern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 89:3-22, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.089.01.02 --- Maria A. Mange-Rajetzky: Subdivision and correlation of monotonous sandstone sequences using high-resolution heavy mineral analysis, a case study: the Triassic of the Central Graben / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 89:23-30, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.089.01.03 --- C. V. Jeans: Clay mineral stratigraphy in Palaeozoic and Mesozoic red bed facies onshore and offshore UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 89:31-55, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.089.01.04 --- Andrew Carter, Charles S. Bristow, and Anthony J. Hurford: The application of fission track analysis to the dating of barren sequences: examples from red beds in Scotland and Thailand / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 89:57-68, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.089.01.05 --- A. Racey, M. A. Love, R. M. Bobolecki, and J. N. Walsh: The use of chemical element analyses in the study of biostratigraphically barren sequences: an example from the Triassic of the central North Sea (UKCS) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 89:69-105, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.089.01.06 --- Timothy J. Pearce and Ian Jarvis: High-resolution chemostratigraphy of Quaternary distal turbidites: a case study of new methods for the analysis and correlation of barren sequences / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 89:107-143, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.089.01.07 --- John Roberts, Jonathan Claoue-Long, Peter J. Jones, and Clinton B. Foster: SHRIMP zircon age control of Gondwanan sequences in Late Carboniferous and Early Permian Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 89:145-174, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.089.01.08 --- Jonathan Russell: Direct Pb/Pb dating of Silurian macrofossils from Gotland, Sweden / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 89:175-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.089.01.09 --- A. Dalland, E. W. Mearns, and J. J. McBride: The application of samarium-neodymium (Sm-Nd) Provenance Ages to correlation of biostratigraphically barren strata: a case study of the Statfjord Formation in the Gullfaks Oilfield, Norwegian North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 89:201-222, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.089.01.10 --- H. M. Rendell: Luminescence dating of Quaternary sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 89:223-235, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.089.01.11 --- Chang-Shu Yang and Wim F. P. Kouwe: Wireline log-cyclicity analysis as a tool for dating and correlating barren strata: an example from the Upper Rotliegend of The Netherlands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 89:237-259, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.089.01.12

Description / Table of Contents: L. M. Parson, C. L. Walker, and D. R. Dixon: Hydrothermal vents and processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:1-2, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.01 --- C. R. German, E. T. Baker, and G. Klinkhammer: Regional setting of hydrothermal activity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:3-15, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.02 --- Sergey G. Krasnov, Irina M. Poroshina, and Georgiy A. Cherkashev: Geological setting of high-temperature hydrothermal activity and massive sulphide formation on fast- and slow-spreading ridges / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:17-32, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.03 --- Bramley J. Murton, Cindy Van Dover, and Eve Southward: Geological setting and ecology of the Broken Spur hydrothermal vent field: 29°10′N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:33-41, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.04 --- S. G. Krasnov, G. A. Cherkashev, T. V. Stepanova, B. N. Batuyev, A. G. Krotov, B. V. Malin, M. N. Maslov, V. F. Markov, I. M. Poroshina, M. S. Samovarov, A. M. Ashadze, L. I. Lazareva, and I. K. Ermolayev: Detailed geological studies of hydrothermal fields in the North Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:43-64, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.05 --- Edward T. Baker: Characteristics of hydrothermal discharge following a magmatic intrusion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:65-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.06 --- J. M. Edmond, A. C. Campbell, M. R. Palmer, G. P. Klinkhammer, C. R. German, H. N. Edmonds, H. Elderfield, G. Thompson, and P. Rona: Time series studies of vent fluids from the TAG and MARK sites (1986, 1990) Mid-Atlantic Ridge: a new solution chemistry model and a mechanism for Cu/Zn zonation in massive sulphide orebodies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:77-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.07 --- G. P. Klinkhammer, C. S. Chin, C. Wilson, and C. R. German: Venting from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 37°17′N: the Lucky Strike hydrothermal site / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:87-96, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.08 --- R. H. James, H. Elderfield, M. D. Rudnicki, C. R. German, M. R. Palmer, C. Chin, M. J. Greaves, E. Gurvich, G. P. Klinkhammer, E. Ludford, R. A. Mills, J. Thomson, and A. C. Williams: Hydrothermal plumes at Broken Spur, 29°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge: chemical and physical characteristics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:97-110, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.09 --- M. R. Palmer, E. M. Ludford, C. R. German, and M. D. Lilley: Dissolved methane and hydrogen in the Steinahóll hydrothermal plume, 63°N, Reykjanes Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:111-120, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.10 --- Rachel A. Mills: Hydrothermal deposits and metalliferous sediments from TAG, 26°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:121-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.11 --- F. M. Stuart, P. J. Harrop, R. Knott, A. E. Fallick, G. Turner, Y. Fouquet, and D. Rickard: Noble gas isotopes in 25 000 years of hydrothermal fluids from 13°N on the East Pacific Rise / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:133-143, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.12 --- Penny Dickson, Adam Schultz, and Andrew Woods: Preliminary modelling of hydrothermal circulation within mid-ocean ridge sulphide structures / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:145-157, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.13 --- A. Rachel Pascoe and Johnson R. Cann: Modelling diffuse hydrothermal flow in black smoker vent fields / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:159-173, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.14 --- Rowena C. Duckworth, Richard Knott, Anthony E. Fallick, David Rickard, Bramley J. Murton, and Cindy Van Dover: Mineralogy and sulphur isotope geochemistry of the Broken Spur sulphides, 29°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:175-189, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.15 --- Steven D. Scott and Raymond A. Binns: Hydrothermal processes and contrasting styles of mineralization in the western Woodlark and eastern Manus basins of the western Pacific / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:191-205, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.16 --- Richard Knott, Anthony E. Fallick, David Rickard, and Harald Bäcker: Mineralogy and sulphur isotope characteristics of a massive sulphide boulder, Galapagos Rift, 85°55′W / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:207-222, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.17 --- G. A. Cherkashev: Hydrothermal input into sediments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:223-229, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.18 --- R. A. Hodkinson and D. S. Cronan: Hydrothermal sedimentation at ODP Sites 834 and 835 in relation to crustal evolution of the Lau Backarc Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:231-248, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.19 --- S. M. Sudarikov, M. P. Davydov, V. L. Bazelyan, and V. G. Tarasov: Distribution and transformation of Fe and Mn in hydrothermal plumes and sediments and the potential function of microbiocoenoses / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:249-255, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.20 --- Cindy Lee van Dover: Ecology of Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vents / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:257-294, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.21 --- Bruce Shillito, Jean-Pierre Lechaire, Gérard Goffinet, and Francoise Gaill: Composition and morphogenesis of the tubes of vestimentiferan worms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:295-302, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.22 --- P. R. Dando, J. A. Hughes, and F. Thiermann: Preliminary observations on biological communities at shallow hydrothermal vents in the Aegean Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:303-317, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.23 --- S. M. Sudarikov and S. V. Galkin: Geochemistry of the Snake Pit vent field and its implications for vent and non-vent fauna / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:319-327, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.24 --- Gareth Rieley, Cindy L. van Dover, David B. Hedrick, David C. White, and Geoffrey Eglinton: Lipid characteristics of hydrothermal vent organisms from 9°N, East Pacific Rise / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:329-342, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.25 --- D. R. Dixon, D. A. S. B. Jollivet, L. R. J. Dixon, J. A. Nott, and P. W. H. Holland: The molecular identification of early life-history stages of hydrothermal vent organisms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:343-350, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.26 --- Don A. Cowan: Hyperthermophilic enzymes: biochemistry and biotechnology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:351-363, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.27 --- Christopher R. German and Martin V. Angel: Hydrothermal fluxes of metals to the oceans: a comparison with anthropogenic discharge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:365-372, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.28 --- Kevin G. Speer and Karl R. Helfrich: Hydrothermal plumes: a review of flow and fluxes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:373-385, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.29 --- Mark D. Rudnicki: Particle formation, fallout and cycling within the buoyant and non-buoyant plume above the TAG vent field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:387-396, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.30

Description / Table of Contents: Dan W. J. Bosence and Peter A. Allison: A review of marine palaeoenvironmental analysis from fossils / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 83:1-5, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.083.01.01 --- David J. Bottjer, Kathleen A. Campbell, Jennifer K. Schubert, and Mary L. Droser: Palaeoecological models, non-uniformitarianism, and tracking the changing ecology of the past / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 83:7-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.083.01.02 --- Richard M. Corfield: An introduction to the techniques, limitations and landmarks of carbonate oxygen isotope palaeothermometry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 83:27-42, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.083.01.03 --- J. W. De Leeuw, N. L. Frewin, P. F. Van Bergen, J. S. Sinninghe Damsté, and M. E. Collinson: Organic carbon as a palaeoenvironmental indicator in the marine realm / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 83:43-71, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.083.01.04 --- Jean-Claude Plaziat: Modern and fossil mangroves and mangals: their climatic and biogeographic variability / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 83:73-96, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.083.01.05 --- Peter A. Allison, Paul B. Wignall, and Carlton E. Brett: Palaeo-oxygenation: effects and recognition / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 83:97-112, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.083.01.06 --- M. D. Brasier: Fossil indicators of nutrient levels. 1: Eutrophication and climate change / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 83:113-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.083.01.07 --- M. D. Brasier: Fossil indicators of nutrient levels. 2: Evolution and extinction in relation to oligotrophy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 83:133-150, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.083.01.08 --- Roland Goldring: Organisms and the substrate: response and effect / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 83:151-180, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.083.01.09 --- Christine Perrin, Dan Bosence, and Brian Rosen: Quantitative approaches to palaeozonation and palaeobathymetry of corals and coralline algae in Cenozoic reefs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 83:181-229, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.083.01.10 --- Abigail M. Smith: Palaeoenvironmental interpretation using bryozoans: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 83:231-243, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.083.01.11 --- John W. Murray: Microfossil indicators of ocean water masses, circulation and climate / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 83:245-264, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.083.01.12

Description / Table of Contents: William A. England and John M. Cubitt: Geochemistry of reservoirs, an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:1-3, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.01 --- General Reviews and New Techniques --- S. R. Larter and A. C. Aplin: Reservoir geochemistry: methods, applications and opportunities / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:5-32, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.02 --- Knut Bjørlykke, Per Aagaard, Per K. Egeberg, and Scott P. Simmons: Geochemical constraints from formation water analyses from the North Sea and the Gulf Coast Basins on quartz, feldspar and illite precipitation in reservoir rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:33-50, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.03 --- Leonid Anissimov: Geochemical criteria for reservoir characterization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:51-58, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.04 --- P. C. Smalley, T. A. Dodd, I. L. Stockden, A. Råheim, and E. W. Mearns: Compositional heterogeneities in oilfield formation waters: identifying them, using them / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:59-69, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.05 --- R. P. Philp, A. N. Bishop, J.-C. Del Rio, and J. Allen: Characterization of high molecular weight hydrocarbons (〉C40) in oils and reservoir rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:71-85, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.06 --- A. Wilhelms and S. R. Larter: Overview of the geochemistry of some tar mats from the North Sea and USA: implications for tar-mat origin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:87-101, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.07 --- Maowen Li, S. R. Larter, D. Stoddart, and M. Bjorøy: Fractionation of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds in petroleum during migration: derivation of migration-related geochemical parameters / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:103-123, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.09 --- Case Studies --- B. McNeil, H. F. Shaw, and A. H. Rankin: Diagenesis of the Rotliegend Sandstones in the V-Fields, southern North sea: a fluid inclusion study / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:125-139, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.10 --- Norman H. Oxtoby, Alan W. Mitchell, and Jon G. Gluyas: The filling and emptying of the Ula Oilfield: fluid inclusion constraints / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:141-157, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.11 --- I. Horstad, S. R. Larter, and N. Mills: Migration of hydrocarbons in the Tampen Spur area, Norwegian North Sea: a reservoir geochemical evaluation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:159-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.12 --- W. A. England, A. H. Muggeridge, P. J. Clifford, and Z. Tang: Modelling density-driven mixing rates in petroleum reservoirs on geological time-scales, with application to the detection of barriers in the Forties Field (UKCS) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:185-201, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.13 --- D. A. Karlsen, B. Nyland, B. Flood, S. E. Ohm, T. Brekke, S. Olsen, and K. Backer-Owe: Petroleum geochemistry of the Haltenbanken, Norwegian continental shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:203-256, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.14 --- D. P. Stoddart, P. B. Hall, S. R. Larter, J. Brasher, Maowen Li, and M. Bjorøy: The reservoir geochemistry of the Eldfisk Field, Norwegian North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:257-279, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.15 --- P. C. Mason, R. Burwood, and B. Mycke: The reservoir geochemistry and petroleum charging histories of Palaeogene-reservoired fields in the Outer Witch Ground Graben / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:281-301, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.16 --- Andrew C. Aplin and Max L. Coleman: Sour gas and water chemistry of the Bridport Sands reservoir, Wytch Farm, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:303-314, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.17

Description / Table of Contents: A method of constructing low-dimensional nonlinear models capturing the main features of complex dynamical systems with many degrees of freedom is described. The system is projected onto a linear subspace spanned by only a few characteristic spatial structures called Principal Interaction Patterns (PIPs). The expansion coefficients are assumed to be governed by a nonlinear dynamical system. The optimal low-dimensional model is determined by identifying spatial modes and interaction coefficients describing their time evolution simultaneously according to a nonlinear variational principle. The algorithm is applied to a two-dimensional geophysical fluid system on the sphere. The models based on Principal Interaction Patterns are compared to models using Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs) as basis functions. A PIP-model using 12 patterns is capable of capturing the long-term behaviour of the complete system monitored by second-order statistics, while in the case of EOFs 17 modes are necessary.

Description / Table of Contents: 'Seawater' has been substantially updated in this second edition to take account of recent developments in marine science. Sections dealing with difficult physical and chemical concepts have been developed on the basis of feedback from the first edition, making this an ideal learning tool for oceanography students.Chapter 1 summarizes the special properties of water and the role of the oceans in the hydraulic cycle. The distribution of temperature and salinity in the oceans and how they influence water density and movements is then discussed. Light and sound in seawater are considered next, al