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  • English  (1,920)
  • Polish  (3)
  • Hungarian  (1)
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  • 1975-1979  (1,924)
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  • 1
    Call number: ZSP-202-343
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Experimental procedure. - Experimental and theoretical equations. - Results and discussion. - Conclusions. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Simultaneous laser extinction measurements were made in warm fog at wavelengths of 0.6238, 1.15 and 10.6 [Mu]. The warm fog was generated in a 4-m^3 environmental chamber. Particle sampling was carried out simultaneously with the laser measurements using an impactor. Using the same size distribution in each case the theoretical extinction coefficients were calculated and compared with the experimental coefficients. Results obtained during this experiment and aprevious one indicate that propagation at 1.15 [Mu] is adversely affected by the presence of atmospheric water vapor. Experimental data obtained simultaneously at 0.6328 and 10.6 [Mu] indicate that virtually no difference exists between the extinction coefficients at these two wavelengths for moderate particle concentrations while at much larger concentrations [Alpha]0.6328 increases indefinitely while [Alpha]10.6 levels off at 0.2.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 7 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 343
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Call number: ZSP-202-344
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Approach and methods. - Results. - Lake morphology. - Elongation. - Orientation. - Percentage cover (density). - Lake classification. - L1 unit. - L2 unit. - L3 unit. - L4 unit. - L5 and Lu units. - Other units. - Lake basin depths. - Ice volume and basin genesis. - Geological implications. - Conclusions. - Selected bibliography.
    Description / Table of Contents: The lakes of the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska were classified, based on size, shape, orientation and distribution, into six lake units and three nonlake units. Regional slope and relief were demonstrated to control lake size, the largest lakes occurring on the flattest, northernmost segment of the Coastal Plain. Using ERTS-1 sequential imagery and existing photography and data, lakes were grouped according to three depth ranges, 〈 1 m, 1-2 m and 〉 2 m. Deepest lakes have the longest period of summer ice cover. Ice on shallow lakes melts the earliest. Maximum depths of lakes were computed based on ice volume content of the perennially frozen ground (permafrost) and these agreed with observed values and ranges. The lake classification and regional ERTS-1 coverage also appear to provide additional information on the limits of late-Pleistocene transgressions on the Coastal Plain.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 344
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Warszawa : Polish Scient. Publ.
    Call number: PIK N 456-11-0194
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Climatology as a science ; 2. Climate-forming factors ; 3. Geographical distribution and variation of major meteorological elements ; 4. A brief survey of major types of climate ; 5. Changes and fluctuations of climates
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 422 S. : graph. Darst., 1 Kt.
    Uniform Title: Klimatologia ogólna
    Language: English
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
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  • 4
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Boulder, Colo. : Environmental Research Laboratories
    Call number: MOP 41125 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 499 Seiten
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Call number: ZSP-202-346
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 346
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - USA CRREL project and personnel involvement. - Part I. Introduction. - Background. - Literature review. - Part II. CRREL investigations from 1970 - 1974. - Initial literature survey (1970). - Oil detection kit development. - Survey of Cape Simpson, Alaska, natural crude oil seepages (1970). - Haines-Fairbanks military pipeline investigations (1971-1973). - Barrow investigations (1970-1974). - Fairbanks and Fox investigations. - Germination studies. - Physiological studies. - Dispersant studies. - Microbiological investigations. - Field investigations of accidental petroleum losses. - Part III. Recent related literature. - Part IV. Conclusions and recommendations. - USA CRREL reports, publications and presentations on Alaska oil spill research. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Knowledge concerning the biological effects of oil pollution on arctic and subarctic terrestrial ecosystems is limited. USA CRREL research personnel conducted investigations from 1970 through 1974 to expand information in this field. Objectives were to: 1) define the ecosystems most sensitive to the presence of crude oil or its refined products, 2) quantify and understand the injury response, and 3) establish time frames for manifestation of damage and natural restorative processes in arctic and subarctic regions. This was accomplished through: 1) surveys of natural oil seepages and past accidential spills in the Arctic and Subarctic, 2) initiation of controlled oil spills and 3) detailed laboratory investigations. Results demonstrated that terrestrial oil spills will to some degree be detrimental to both arctic and subarctic plant communities. Degree and longevity of damage will be influenced primarily by the magnitude of the spill, season of occurrence and existing soil moisture content. Rapid recovery of plant communities subjected to spills will occur only if root systems remain relatively unaffected. Damage will be more extensive and long-term when root systems are saturated with oil. Effects of damage will be manifested gradually over several seasons being influenced by winter stresses. Variation does exist in plant species susceptibility. Carex aquatilis, a predominant sedge of the arctic, is markedly resistant to crude oil damage. In the taiga Picea mariana is very susceptible. Plant recovery can be enhanced through the application of fertilizer. Fertilization, in addition to its direct effect on plant nutrition, will stimulate microbial decomposition of crude oil.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 66 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 346
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Call number: ZSP-202-338
    In: Detecting structural heat losses with mobile infrared thermography / R.H. Munis, S.J. Marshall and M.A. Bush, Part II
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command, 338
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Discussion of heat loss survey of six housing units. - Survey of base facilities. - Conclusions. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: During the winter of 1973-74 a mobile infrared thermography system was used to survey housing units and base facilities at Pease Air Force Base, Portsmouth, New Hampshire. This report provides both qualitative and quantitative evidence regarding heat flow out of the eave vents of these housing units. Calculations indicate that a significant amount of heat is being lost in this manner due to inadequate attic (cap) insulation. Possible evidence of incomplete ventilation could explain the presence of condensation in the housing units. Analyses of thermograms are presented to show the possible existence of low and high pressure areas around a structure and how they relate to heat loss.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 29 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 338
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Call number: ZSP-202-347
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 347
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Experimental. - Results and discussion. - Applications. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemical analysis of century-old ice from continuous 5 to 7 year intervals of three ice cores from south and central Greenland (Dye 3, Milcent and Crete) show maximum concentrations of Na, Mg,Ca, K, and Al during early spring and minimum concentrations during late summer and early fall. Peak spring values are as much as 10 times greater than fall values. Because of the large seasonal chemical variations, samples used for depth-age or annual deposition rate studies must represent accumulation from exactly one year or whole multiples of a year. The seasonal chemical variations seem promising as a new method of defining annual layers and thus dating old ice cores.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 347
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/26
    In: CRREL Report, 76-26
    Description / Table of Contents: Debris over a 44-mile stretch of the Chena River was studied. The study area extended from the first bridge on the Chena Hot Springs Road to the Chena River Flood Control damsite. The purpose of the study was to assess the potential danger to the Chena River Flood Control Dam outlet structure. Debris was catalogued, log jams were measured, and sources of debris were studied. The average size of logs was determined, as well as the number of logs present on the river. The authors concluded that a serious debris problem existed and would remain serious for the foreseeable future. Recommendations for debris handling were made.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 17 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-26
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Origin of debris Volume, magnitude Types of debris Hazards of the debris Recommended measures to counteract log jamming Conclusions and recommendations Future work Epilogue Selected bibliography Appendix: Additional photographs of Chena River debris
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  • 9
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/27
    In: CRREL Report, 76-27
    Description / Table of Contents: In Part I a physically based model was used to predict daily snowmelt on 2000 m sq plots in the Subarctic. The plots had a range of aspects and inclinations in boreal forest and on the tundra. The energy balance, computed for each of the plots, was compensated for differences in radiative and turbulent energy fluxes caused by varied slope geometry and vegetative cover. The turbulent energy fluxes were also corrected for the effects of the stable stratification of the air over the snow surface. The predictions of the model were compared with daily melts derived from runoff measured on the snowmelt plots. The results show that the method is a good predictor of daily amounts of snowmelt, although some uncertainties are introduced by changes in the snow surface during the melt period. In Part II, a physically based model of the movement of water through snowpacks was used to calculate hydrographs generated by diurnal waves of snowmelt on the tundra and in the boreal forest of subarctic Labrador. The model was tested against measured hydrographs from hillside plots that sampled a range of aspect, gradient, length, vegetative cover, and snow depth and density. The model yielded good results, particularly in the prediction of peak runoff rates, though there was a slight overestimate of the lag time. A comparison of predictions against field measurements indicated that, given the ranges over which each of the controls is likely to vary, the two most critical factors controlling the hydrograph are the snow depth and the melt rate, which must be predicted precisely for short intervals of time. Permeability of the snowpack is another important control, but it can be estimated closely from published values.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ix, 40 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-27
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Abstract Preface Summary Notation Scope of the study Part I. Energy balance computations Introduction The experimental sites Instrumentation Theoretical Radiation heat flow Hr Sensible heat flux Hc and latent heat flux He The application of the heat flow model Results and discussion Conclusions and recommendations Part II. Comparison of water runoff computations and measurements Introduction The runoff model The unsaturated zone The saturated layer The field study Instrumentation of the plots Descriptive hydrology Application of the runoff model The unsaturated zone The saturated zone Discussion and conclusions Comparison of predicted and observed hydrographs Factors affecting results Literature cited
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  • 10
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Tokyo : University of Tokyo Press
    Call number: MOP 45324(1) / Mitte ; MOP 45324(2) / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 16, 549 Seiten
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 11
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Urbana : Illinois State Water Survey
    Call number: MOP 45166
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 57 Seiten
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 12
    Call number: MOP 45542 / Mitte ; MOP 44959 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 278 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Language: Russian , English
    Note: In kyrillischer Schrift , Zusammenfassung und Inhaltsverzeichnis in englischer Sprache
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 13
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Budapest : MTESZ Központi Asztronautikai Szakosztálya
    Call number: MOP 44634 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 306 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 978-9-638-01132-9
    Language: Hungarian
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  • 14
    Call number: MOP 45268 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 302 Seiten , graphische Darstellungen, Karten
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Call number: ZSP-SCAR-570-1
    In: Report to SCAR on Antarctic research activities of Germany (FRG), 1
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 21 Seiten
    ISSN: 0179-0072
    Series Statement: Report to SCAR on Antarctic research activities of Germany (FRG) 1
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research of the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Station. - Field Activities 1974-1979. - Planned Activities 1979/80. - References.
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  • 16
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Columbus, Ohio : Institute of Polar Studies, The Ohio State University
    Associated volumes
    Call number: AWI G7-19-92159
    In: Report / Institute of Polar Studies, No. 64
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: XVII, 148 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Report / Institute of Polar Studies 64
    Language: English
    Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS: Abstract. - Acknowledgments. - List of Figures. - List of Plates. - List of Tables. - Value of Microparticle Studies. - Reasons for Variations in Particle Concentration. - Laboratory Techniques. - Particle Concentration and Size Distribution. - Sample Preparation. - Contamination. - Particle Counters. - Laboratory Procedures. - Particle Composition. - Sample Preparation. - Types of Particles and Their Seasonal Variation. - Particle Types. - Variations of Particle Concentrations. - Antarctic Peninsula. - Marie Byrd Land. - Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru. - Annual Layers in Deep Ice Cores. - Chronologies for the Byrd and Camp Century Deep Ice Cores. - The Byrd Station Deep Ice Core. - Age Calculation. - Discussion. - The Camp Century Deep Ice Core. - Vertical Strain Rates. - Age Calculation. - Discussion. - Morphology and Elemental Composition of Microparticles. - Data Analysis. - Results. - Discussion. - The Relationships Among Dust, Oxygen Isotopes and Climate. - Microparticle Variations Over Millennial Time Invervals. - Dust, Oxygen Isotopes and Climate. - Discussion. - Is There A Relationship Between Volcanic Activity and Climatic Change?. - General. - Theory. - Supportive Evidence. - Cycles. - Discussion. - Suggestions for Future Work. - Conclusions. - References. - Appendix A. - Appendix B. - Appendix C. - Appendix D.
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  • 17
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Köln : Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt
    Associated volumes
    Call number: MOP 44108 / Mitte
    In: Mitteilung / Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt, 75-25
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 177 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: Als Manuskript gedruckt
    Series Statement: Mitteilung / Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt 75-25
    Language: English
    Note: Mit deutscher Zusammenfassung
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  • 18
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-85/19
    In: CRREL Report, 85-19
    Description / Table of Contents: Ground-probing radar can be an effective tool for exploring the top 10 to 20 m of ground, especially in cold regions where the freezing of water decreases signal absorption. However, the large electrical variability of the surface, combined with the short wavelengths used, can often cause severe ground clutter that can mask a desired, deeper return. In this study a model facility was constructed consisting of a metallic reflector covered by sand. Troughs of saturated sand were emplaced at the surface to vary surface electrical properties and to act as a noise source to interfere with the bottom reflections. Antenna polarization and height, and signal stacking in both static (antennas stationary) and dynamic (antennas moving) modes were then investigated as methods for reducing the surface clutter. Polarization parallel to the profile direction (perpendicular to the troughs' axes) gave profiles superior to the perpendicular case because of the directional sensitivity of the antenna radiation. Dynamic stacking greatly improved the signal-to-noise ratio because noise sources were averaged as the antennas moved, while the desired reflector, buried at constant depth, was enhanced. Raising the antennas above the surface also reduced noise because the surface area over which reflections were integrated increased. All three noise reduction techniques could be effective in surveys for reflectors at nearly constant depth such as groundwater tables or ice/water interfaces if the lateral variation in undesired ground propertiesis sufficiently random.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 85-19
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Objective and procedures Materials and methods Subsurface radar Model facility Results Isolated disturbances-surface and raised analog profiles Multiple disturbances Discussion and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 19
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/25
    In: CRREL Report, 76-25
    Description / Table of Contents: The primary objective of this investigation was to compile baseline information pertaining to the ocean circulation, especially the extent and patterns of tidal currents and tidal flushing, in Cook Inlet, Alaska, utilizing aircraft and satellite imagery with corroborative ground truth data. LANDSAT-1 and NOAA-2 and -3 imagery provided repetitive, synoptic views of surface currents, water mass migration and sediment distribution during different seasons and tides. Color, color infrared and thermal infrared imagery acquired on 22 July 1972 with the NASA NP-3A aircraft were used to analyze currents, mixing patterns and sediment dispersion in selected areas. Temperature(C), salinity (0/00) and suspended sediment concentration (mg/l) data and hand-held photography were utilized as ground truth information in the interpretation of the aircraft and satellite imagery. Coriolis effect, semidiurnal tides and the Alaska current govern the estuary circulation. Clear, oceanic water enters the inlet on the southeast during flood tide, progresses northward along the east shore with minor lateral mixing, and remains a distinct water mass to the latitude of Kasilof-Ninilchik. South of the forelands, mixing with turbid inlet water becomes extensive. Turbid water moves south primarily along the north shore during ebb tide and a shear zone between the two water masses forms in mid-inlet south of Kalgin Island. Currents adjacent to and north of the forelands are complicated by tidal action, coastal configuration and bottom effects. Turbulence is greatest throughout the water column along the south shore and stratification is more pronounced in Kamishak and Kachemak Bays, especially when fresh water runoff is high.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ix, 92 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-25
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) units of measurement. Introduction Background Objectives Project history Approach Aircraft imagery LANDSAT-1 imagery NOAA-2 and -3 satellite imagery Ground truth data Imagery and ground truth data analysis Physical and cultural setting Geography Geology Climate Hydrology Local industry and population density Sources of estuarine pollution Results and discussion Coastal configuration Bathymetry Tides Asymmetry of tidal flow/duration across inlet Suspended sediment distribution and circulation Sea ice Tidal flushing characteristics Summary and conclusions Applications Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. RS-14 infrared scanner imagery
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  • 20
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Athens : Institute of Geological and Mining Research
    Call number: AWI G1-19-93055
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 58 Seiten, 10 Blätter , Illustrationen
    Language: English
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  • 21
    Call number: AWI P6-82-0347
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xi, 59 Seiten
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Membership of the SCAR Group of Specialists (EAMREA) Preface Preface to 1977 unpublished report of the SCAR Group of Specialists (EAMREA) 1. Introduction 1.1 Terms of reference 1.2 Environmental impact statements 2. Assessment of mineral resource potential in Antarctica 3. Present knowledge of mineral occurrences and mineral resources of Antarctica 3.1 Assessment of onshore mineral resource potential 3.2 Estimation of regional mineral potential Geological factors Logistic factors Economic factors 3.3 Commodity classification Local consumption Metallic minerals Non-metallic minerals Fossil fuels (excluding petroleum) Geothermal energy Minerals for export Non-metallic minerals and fossil fuels Metallic minerals 3.4 Probable areas of Antarctica for onshore mineral exploration and exploitation 3.5 Offshore mineral potential of Antarctica 3.6 The continental shelf of Antarctica as a source of hydrocarbons 3.7 Problems of exploration and exploitation for hydrocarbons in the southern oceans 3.8 Economic feasibility of extracting hydrocarbons 3.9 Non-fuel mineral resource potential of the southern oceans Manganese nodules Icebergs as a fresh water resource 4. Possible environmental effects 4.1 Special features of the Antarctic environment Temperatures Winds Inversion layers The southern oceans The continental shelf Ice features Beaches Pack ice Forecasting the weather 4.2 Environmental threats to exploitable living resources Economic factors Threats to economically important species Threats to survival of species Threats to special ecosystems, habitats and communities Special habitats and communities Unique sites Summary 4.3 Impacts on the environment Oil extraction Oil extraction problems Ore mining Construction effects Terrestrial installations Sea floor installations Treatment of ores and oil Beneficiation processes Local energy sources Consequences of increased human activity Introduction of biological materials Towing of icebergs 4.4 Extent of effects Spatial effects Local effects Large-scale effects Scale of environmental effects: potential inputs Scale of environmental effects: potential consequences Temporal effects Transient effects Persistent effects 4.5 Communities and systems needing special protection Soils Abiotic soils Dry soils Maritime Antarctic soils Frozen soils Lakes and streams Terrestrial vegetation Terrestrial fauna 4.6 Impacts beyond the Antarctic Climatic change from industrial activities Air borne pollution from Antarctica Water borne pollution from Antarctica 5. Further research activities 5.1 Gaps in knowledge Environment Soils Terrestrial biota Climate Meteorology Oceanography Marine biology 5.2 Research needs Biodegradability of oil Controlled oil spills Chemical effects Experimental perturbations Controlled ecosystem experiments Surveys 5.3 Special protective measures Industrial controls Improved weather forecasting Legislative controls Routine monitoring Appendices A Recommendation VIII-14 of the Eighth Antarctic Treaty Meeting B SCAR Reponse to Recommendation VIII-14, including terms of reference of the EAMREA Group of Specialists References
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  • 22
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/12
    In: CRREL Report, 79-12
    Description / Table of Contents: An analysis of a point source bubbler system used to induce local melting of an ice cover is presented. The analysis leads to a numerical simulation programmed in FORTRAN which may be used to predict the effectiveness of such systems. An example application is presented using a typical record of average daily air temperatures. The FORTRAN program for the point source simulation as well as a FORTRAN program for line source systems are included in the Appendix.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-12
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Outline of analysis Plume analysis Heat transfer analysis Temperature of impinging plume Heat transfer coefficient Melting of the ice cover Simulation example Thermal reserve analysis Literature cited Appendix
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  • 23
    Call number: MOP 40801 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: II, 170 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Language: English
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  • 24
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oak Ridge, Tenn. : U.S. Department of Energy
    Call number: MOP 44436 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 15, 3, 5 Seiten
    Language: English
    Note: The field experiments were continued to estimate convective storm particulate scavenging efficiency in proximity to the St. Louis, Missouri urban-industrial complex. Complementary studies of the urban aerosol characterization, source strength, and removal processes were also studied. The 1975 field effort shifted emphasis from the immediate St. Louis area to the Alton-Wood River industrial complex. Along with the change in size and configuration of the network, there were increases in the numbers of most types of samplers. The new network yielded the following types of samples for analysis and interpretation: 1065 total rain samples from 85 sites; 68 sequential rainwater samples from 2 locations; 272 wet/dry samples from 7 locations; 216 air filter samples from 7 locations; 36 air filter samples from aircraft; and raindrop spectrometer data from 11 sites for the period 17 June-18 August. The analysis procedures require that all water samples undergo filtering for separate analyses of soluble and insoluble fractions of the elemental concentrations. This data collection effort provided a record number of samples for chemical analysis. Approximately 4000 pibals and over 370 radiosondes were released in the operational period, providing wind and thermodynamic data on 33 days. Aircraft missions were flown on 24 days, with one air tracer release of cesium on 19 July 1975. The status of the analysis of all types of data is described.
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  • 25
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    [Rockville, Md.] : U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Research and Development
    Call number: MOP 44980 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: ii, 73 Seiten , Illustrationen , 27 cm
    Language: English
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  • 26
    Call number: MOP 45353 / MItte
    In: Developments in atmospheric science, 9
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 327 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 0444417486
    Series Statement: Developments in atmospheric science 9
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface CONFERENCE SUMMARY / A. L. Fymat TEMPERATURE SOUNDING INVERSION METHODS AND THE OBSOLESCENCE OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS FOR SPECIFYING PHYSICAL OBSERVABLES / J. I. F. King SOME EXPERIMENTS ON THE EFFECT OF REMOTE SOUNDING TEMPERATURES UPON WEATHER FORECASTING / M. Halem, M. Ghil and R. Atlas NONLINEAR INVERSION: THEORY AND PRAXIS / J. I. F. King A NEW TREATMENT OF THE BOUNDARY TERM IN THE INVERSION OF THE RADIATIVE TRANSFER EQUATION / H. E. Fleming and D. S. Crosby EVALUATION OF ERRORS IN DERIVED CLEAR COLUMN RADIANCES / L. McMillin RECURSIVE FILTERING OF RADIANCE DATA FROM NIMBUS-E SATELLITE / I. A. Ismail DEPENDENCE OF THE TEMPERATURE DEVIATION OF THE OCEAN SURFACE AS MEASURED BY SATELLITE ON THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF AEROSOLS / T. Takashima THE DETERMINATION OF ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE PROFILES FROM INFRARED INTERFEROMETER MEASUREMENTS ON BOARD OF METEOR-25 / V. A. Golovko and D. Spänkuch COMPOSITION SOUNDING GLOBAL TOTAL OZONE DETERMINATION FROM NIMBUS 4 BUV SPACECRAFT DATA / A. J. Fleig, R. S. Fraser, B. W. Guenther, D. F. Heath, E. Hilsenrath, L. V. Novak, V. G. Kaveeshwar, R. D. McPeters, C. L. Mateer and A. G. Miller INFORMATION CONTENT AND RESULTS OF NON-LINEAR INVERSION OF NIMBUS 6 LIMB RADIANCE INVERSION RADIOMETER DATA / J. C. Gille and P. L. Bailey AN APPROXIMATE METHOD FOR NONLINEAR INVERSION OF LIMB RADIANCE OBSERVATIONS / P. L. Bailey and J. C. Gille A NONLINEAR TECHNIQUE FOR INVERTING LIMB ABSORPTION PROFILES / J. D. Mill and S. R. Drayson SENSITIVITY OF THE INVERSION OF LIMB RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS IN THE 6.3μm WATER VAPOR BAND / H. Fischer AN ANALYSIS OF NIMBUS-V THIR 6-7 μm OBSERVATIONS OVER THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA / M. Roulleau MICROWAVE GROUND-BASED DETERMINATION OF ATMOSPHERIC TOTAL WATER CONTENT / G. G. Shchukin and L. P. Bobylev A SOLAR HETERODYNE RADIOMETER FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE ALTITUDINAL PROFILES OF ATMOSPHERIC GASES / V. I. Astakhov, N. V. Vanin, V. V. Galaktionov, V. M. Dorokhov, V. M. Zakharovand V. U. Khattatov PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING IN THE PRESENCE OF MULTIPLE SCATTERING: A NUMERICAL INVERSION METHOD / B. R. Barkstrom PARTICULATE SOUNDING RECONSTRUCTING THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF SPHERICAL PARTICLES FROM ANGULAR FORWARD SCATTERING DATA / A. L. Fymat and K. D. Mease COMPLEX REFRACTIVE INDEX OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS: A SIZE DISTRIBUTION INDEPENDENT RETRIEVAL APPROACH USING MULTISPECTRAL TRANSMISSION RATIOS / A. L. Fymat and K. D. Mease THE METHOD OF MULTIFREQUENCY LASER SOUNDING OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL MICROSTRUCTURE / V. E. Zuev and I. E. Naats LASER SOUNDING OF THE ATMOSPHERE USING AEROSOL SCATTERING / V. E. Zuev STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL LAYERS MONITORED BY LIDAR / R. Reiter, H. Jaeger, W. Carnuth and M. Littfass LIDAR DETECTION OF ATMOSPHERIC CONTAMINANTS BY RAMAN SCATTERING AND FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA / V. M. Zakharov and V. A. Torgovichev REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUD PROPERTIES FROM NIMBUS 5 / D. J. McCleese THE ATMOSPHERIC BLURRING EFFECT OF REMOTELY SENSED EARTH IMAGERY / S. Ueno, Y. Haba, Y. Kawata, T. Kusaka and Y. Terashita Author Index Subject Index
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  • 27
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    Monograph available for loan
    Greenbelt, Md. : National Space Science Data Center
    Call number: MOP 47091 / Mitte
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    Language: English
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  • 28
    Call number: MOP 44739 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xi, 76 Seiten , 28 cm
    Language: English
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  • 29
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    Berlin [.a.] : Springer
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9939
    In: Crystal chemistry of non-metallic materials
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 234 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 3540071245 , 0387071245
    Series Statement: Crystal chemistry of non-metallic materials 2
    Language: English
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  • 30
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    Washington : Special Committee for Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP), National Academy of Sciences
    Call number: MOP 43858/1 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 142 Seiten , Illustrationen , 28 cm
    Language: English
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  • 31
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    Monograph available for loan
    Washington : Special Committee for Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP), National Academy of Sciences
    Call number: MOP 43858/2 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: II, 146 Seiten
    Language: English
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  • 32
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    Monograph available for loan
    Washington : Special Committee for Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP), National Academy of Sciences
    Call number: MOP 43858/3 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 132 Seiten , 28 cm
    Language: English
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  • 33
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    Boulder, Colo. : The Geological Society of America
    Associated volumes
    Call number: S 90.0095(180)
    In: Special paper / The Geological Society of America, 180
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 211 Seiten , Illustrationen, graphische Darstellungen
    ISBN: 0-8137-2180-6
    Series Statement: Special paper / The Geological Society of America 180
    Language: English
    Note: Introduction / Charles E. Chapin and Wolfgang E. Elston References cited Ash-flow magmatism / Robert L. Smith Abstract Introduction Volumes of ash-flow sheets Size of magma chambers Zoned magma chambers Crater Lake, Oregon Bandelier Tuff, New Mexico SiO₂ and phenocryst variation in ash-flow sheets Periodicity-volume-composition relationships Discussion of model Summary and conclusions Acknowledgments References cited Cooling units and composite sheets in relation to caldera structure / Robert L. Christiansen Abstract Introduction Examples of ash-flow-caldera relations Mazama eruption and Crater Lake caldera Bandelier Tuff and Valles-Toledo calderas Thirsty Canyon Tuff and Black Mountain caldera Timber Mountain-Oasis Valley caldera complex Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field General pattern of ash-flow-caldera relations Acknowledgments References cited The Bishop Tuff: Evidence for the origin of compositional zonation in silicic magma chambers / Wes Hildreth Abstract Introduction Eruptive sequence Major units Units of uncertain correlation Summary of eruptive sequence Eruptive temperatures Accuracy and precision of T-fₒ₂ data Mineralogy Fe-Ti oxides Quartz Sanidine Plagioclase Biotite Pyroxenes Allanite Zircon Apatite Pyrrhotite Whole-rock chemistry Major elements Trace elements Compositional gaps Origin of the compositional zonation Crystal settling Assimilation Basaltic underplating Liquid immiscibility Progressive partial melting Trace elements during partial melting Convection-driven thermogravitational diffusion Lines of evidence Concluding remarks Acknowledgments References cited Rare-earth-element content of some highly differentiated ash-flow tuffs and lavas / Donald C. Noble, Ward L. Rigot, and Harry R. Bowman Abstract Introduction Specimens studied and methods of chemical analysis Results and discussion Acknowledgments References cited Geochemistry of the Los Chocoyos Ash, Quezaltenango Valley, Guatemala / William I. Rose, Jr., Norman K. Grant, and John Easter Abstract Introduction Field description Geochemistry Mineralogy and mineral chemistry Sr-isotope data Modeling of crystal fractionation Time required for crystal fractionation Conclusions Acknowledgments Appendix 1. Analytical methods References cited Geochemical correlation of genetically related rhyolitic ash-flow and air-fall ashes, central and western Guatemala and the equatorial Pacific / Gregory A. Hahn, William I. Rose, Jr., and Thomas Meyers Abstract Introduction Previous investigations of chemical fingerprinting The Los Chocoyos Ash and the stratigraphic sequence of the San Cristobal Group Characteristics of the ash-flow member Sample acquisition and preparation Trace-element analyses Chemical correlation Lateral chemical variations Source of the Los Chocoyos Ash Age of the Los Chocoyos Ash Conclusions Acknowledgments References cited Ignimbrites of the Sierra Madre Occidental and their relation to the tectonic history of western Mexico / Fred W. McDowell and Stephen E. Clabaugh Abstract Introduction Volcanic stratigraphy of the Sierra Madre Occidental Pre-Cretaceous volcanic rocks Lower volcanic complex Unconformity between the igneous sequences Upper volcanic supergroup Calderas of the upper volcanic supergroup Structure of the Sierra Madre Occidental Chemistry Tectonic relationships Acknowledgments References cited Emplacement of pyroclastic flows: A review / Michael F. Sheridan Abstract Introduction Eruptions Observed pyroclastic flows Theoretical eruption models Mobility Topographic barriers Energy line Deposits Morphology Depositional sequence Textures Large clasts Deflation Compositional variation Welded peralkaline ignimbrites Emplacement temperatures Models Fluidization Speculation Summary Acknowledgments References cited Primary and secondary flow structures in ash-flow tuffs of the Gribbles Run paleovalley, central Colorado / Charles E. Chapin and Gary R. Lowell Abstract Introduction Paleovalleys and the Wall Mountain Tuff Primary flow structures Gas cavities (lenticules) Lineation Foliation Primary folds Rotated lithic fragments Imbricated crystals Secondary now structures Secondary folds and growth faults Tension cracks Miscellaneous structures Steam spiracles Conclusions Acknowledgments References cited Welded air-fall tuffs / R.S.J. Sparks and J. V. Wright Abstract Introduction Field relationships Santorini, Greece The 1875 Askja welded tuffs, Iceland Other examples Petrology and chemistry Grain-size studies Santorini welded tuffs Askja welded tuff Compaction and welding Strain, bulk density, and porosity measurements Results for Santorini welded tuffs Results for Askja welded tuff Discussion Acknowledgments References cited Globule ignimbrite of Mount Suswa, Kenya / R. L. Hay, W. Hildreth, and R. N. Lambe Abstract Introduction Scope and purpose of study Geologic setting and previous work Description and field relationships Ignimbrite petrography Vitric materials Crystals and rock fragments Devitrification and gas-phase crystallization Low-temperature alteration Nature of lower ignimbrite sheet Nature of the magma Chemical composition Temperature and viscosity Emplacement of ignimbrite and origin of globules Acknowledgments References cited A model of pyroclastic surge / K. H. Wohletz and M. F. Sheridan Abstract Introduction Terminology Objectives and methods of study Deposits Bed forms Locations Results Pyroclastic-surge facies Discussion and conclusions Development of bed forms Reconstruction of the surge cloud A model of pyroclastic surge: Its fluidization and deflation Acknowledgments References cited Significance of the flattening of pumice fragments in ash-flow tuffs / Donald W. Peterson Abstract Introduction Pumice fragments in the Apache Leap Tuff Recognition and description of pumice fragments Flattening of the pumice Applications of the flattening studies Recognition of cooling units Implications of extreme flattening Determination of stratigraphic level and fault displacement Commercial application of flattening ratios Determination of the degree of welding Pumice flattening as a possible guide to relative temperature of emplacement and rate of accumulation Conclusions Acknowledgments References cited Ash-flow sheets and calderas: Their genetic relationship to ore deposits in Nevada / Edwin H. McKee Abstract Introduction Metal deposits in volcanic-tectonic systems Resurgent cauldrons Geologic setting Parameters of study Distribution of mines and ash-flow sheets Distribution of mines and calderas Discussion Acknowledgments References cited
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  • 34
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    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Call number: 11775
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 248 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 0444998500
    Series Statement: Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 35
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    Wrocław [u.a.] : Zakł. Nar. im. Ossolińskich
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    Call number: MOP Per 116(113)
    In: Prace geograficzne
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 112 S. : graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Prace geograficzne 113
    Language: Polish
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  • 36
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    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-342
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Experimental procedure. - Results. - Work-hardening effect. - Strain rate sensitivity of flow stress. - Discussion. - Conclusions. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Single crystals of high purity ice deformed by uniaxial compression on an Instron machine showed remarkable work-hardening after about 8% strain. By changing the strain rate during compression tests in the plastic region of the stress-strain curve, an apparent activation volume V* and a dislocation mobility exponent m were calculated from the strain rate sensitivity of flow stress. The large work-hardening and the rapid increase in the value of m beyond about 10% strain indicate that the plastic flow in this region is controlled by dislocation intersections and nonconservative motion of jogs.
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    Pages: iii, 11 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 342
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  • 37
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-336
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Nomenclature. - Introduction. - Description of study. - Sample preparation. - Test equipment and procedure. - Discussion of results. - Stress-density relationship. - Effect of rate of deformation. - Effect of temperature. - Effect of initial snow density. - Stress-deformation relationship. - Summary and conclusions. - Microstructural analysis. - Introduction. - Analytical methods. - Results and discussion. - Conclusion. - Literature cited. - Anpendix: Test data.
    Description / Table of Contents: The effects of snow temperature, rate of deformation, and initial density on the stress vs density and stress vs deformation relationships were investigated in the pressure range of 0.1 to 75 bars. The rate of deformation in the range of 0.027 to 27 cm sec^-1 does not have a significant effect. A decrease in temperature in the range of 0° to -40°C increases the resistance to stress and deformation, the temperature effect increasing with applied pressure and initial density. The effect of initial density is significant. For any stress, an increase in the initial density results in an increase in the resulting density, particularly at low stress levels and at temperatures near 0°C. The texture of artificially compacted snow is significantly different from that of naturally compacted snow of the same density because of the very short recrystallization time period.
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    Pages: iv, 57 Seiten , Illustrations
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 336
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  • 38
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    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-334
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - List of symbols and associated dimensions. - Introduction and purpose. - Site characteristics. - Outline of study scheme. - Analysis. - Heat conduction to the drill hole. - Heat transfer between conduit wall and coolant. - Heat transfer between surface pipe and air. - Total heat extraction process. - Example calculations. - Estimate of basal water thickness and flow rates. - Summary of investigations of multiple-hole. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: A scheme for cooling the lower portion of the edge of the Greenland ice sheet, which abuts a potential mining operation, is examined. The magnitude of cooling which may be accomplished by drilling a series of holes about the periphery of the mine site is determined as a function of hole size, spacing and time. Refrigeration is accomplished by pumping a coolant downhole in a central pipe, then uphole in an annulus between the pipe and hole wall, and then through a thin-walled pipe exposed to the surface climate above the ice sheet. It was found possible to achieve a temperature change in the ice of the order of -1°C with hole spacings and pumping requirements which are considered reasonable. Other effects are briefly examined and include an estimate of the basal water thickness and flow rates.
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    Pages: vii, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 334
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  • 39
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    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory,
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-329
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: General Introduction. - Part I. Spatial and temporal variations in sea ice deformatfon. - Introduction. - Approach. - Site location and data collection procedures. - Data analysis. - Strain results. - Comparison of mesoscale deformation with macroscale deformation. - Nature of the ice pack rotation. - Conciusion. - Literature cited. - Part Il. Comparison of mesoscale strain measurements with linear drift theory predictions. - Introduction. - List of symbols. - Linear drift equations. - Ice drift solutions. - Comparison of theory with mesoscale measurements. - A more general linear constitutive law. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Appendix Relative magnitudes of differential drift forces. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Measurements of mesoscale sea ice deformation over a region approximately 20 km in diameter were made over a five-week period in the spring of 1972 at the main AIDJEX camp in the Beaufort Sea. They have been analyzed to determine nonlinearities in the ice velocity field (due to the discrete small-scale nature of the ice pack), as well as a continuum mode of deformation represented by a least squares strain rate tensor and vorticity. The deformation rate time series between Julian day 88 and 113 exhibited net areal changes as large as 3% and deformation rates up to 0.16% per hour. In the principal axis coordinate system, the strain rate typically exhibited a much larger compression (or extension) along one axis than along the other. Persistent cycles at ~12-hour wavelengths were observed in the divergence rate. A comparison of the average residual error with the average strain rate magnitude indicated that strains measured on a scale of 10 km or greater can serve as a valid measure of the continuum motion of the sea ice. This conclusion is also substantiated by a comparison between the mesoscale deformation, and macroscale deformation measured over a ~100-km-diameter region. Vorticity calculations indicate that at low temporal frequencies ( 〈 0.04 hr^-1 ) the whole mesoscale array rotates essentially as an entity and consequently the low frequency vorticity can accurately be estimated from the rotation of a single floe. (Part I) A comparison of mesoscale strain measurements with the atmospheric pressure field and the wind velocity field indicated that the ice divergence rate and vorticity followed the local pressure and wind divergence with significant correlation. For low atmospheric pressures and converging winds, the divergence rate was negative with the vorticity being counterclockwise. The inverse behavior was observed for high pressures and diverging winds. This behavior agreed with predictions based upon the infinite boundary solution of a linearized drift theory in the absence of gradient current effects and using the constitutive law proposed by Glen for pack ice. The best least squares values of the constitutive law parameters [Eta] and [Zeta] were found to be given by ~10^12 kg sec^-1. Using typical divergence rates, these values yielded compressive stresses of the magnitude of 10^5 N m^-1, which are similar to values suggested by the Parmerter and Coon ridge model. In general, the infinite boundary solution of the linear drift equation indicates that in a low pressure region that is reasonably localized in space, the ice would be expected to converge for high compactness (winter) and diverge for low compactness (summer). Calculations were also carried out using a more general linear viscoelastic constitutive law that includes memory effects and that includes a generalized Hooke's law as well as the Glen law as special cases. A best fit of this more general calculation with strain measurements indicates, overall, a better agreement with viscous behavior than with elastic behavior, with the frequency behavior of the estimated "viscosities" similar to the Glen law behavior at temporal frequencies less than ~0.01 hr^-1 (Part II)
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 37 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 329
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  • 40
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    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-341
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Samples. - Collection. - Preparation. - Analytical methods. - Cations. - Lead, silicon and aluminum. - Sulfate. - Comparative analyses. - Results and discussion. - Sea salt and terrestrial dust. - Sulfate. - Lead. - Summary and conclusions. - Literature cited. - Appendix A. Concentrations of chemical constituents in Dye 3 snow and ice strata.
    Description / Table of Contents: Concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, silicon, aluminum, lead and sulfate were measured in surface snow and in individual annual accumulation layers from a 373-m-deep ice core from Dye 3, Greenland, covering the time period from 1232 to 1971 A.D. Average background (pre-1840) concentrations in micrograms/liter are: Na, 12.9 ± 9.3; K, 2.2 ± 2.1; Mg, 1.5 ± 1.0; Ca, 4.8 ± 2.4; Si, 12 ± 6; Al, 3.3 ± 1.4; Pb, 0.07 ± 0.06; and SO4, 56 ± 22. Deviations are due mainly to the variability of the concentrations in the samples deposited over the stated time interval rather than analytical precision. Observed concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, silicon and aluminum can be adequately explained by relative abundances of these elements in seawater andterrestrial dust. Late 19th century annual ice layers contain twice as much sulfate as pre-1840 deposits, reflecting the increased use of fossil fuels in the Northern Hemisphere. Lead concentrations in post-1955 snow deposits are more than an order of magnitude greater than pre-1840 baseline concentrations and are attributed to smelting and the increased use of lead alkyls in gasoline.
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    Pages: v, 18 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 341
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  • 41
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-340
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Nomenclature. - Introduction. - Theory. - Application. - Literature cited. - Appendix.
    Description / Table of Contents: The equations describing water movement in a dry snow cover are derived and examples of flow through ripe, refrozen and fresh snows are given. The grain size of snow has a large effect on the timing of water discharge. Water is retained by dry snow to raise its temperature and satisfy the irreducible water saturation. These requirements delay and reduce runoff following rain on dry snow.
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    Pages: iv, 13 S. : graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 340
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  • 42
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-339
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Analytical procedures. - Thick section analysis. - Measurements of inclusion pressure. - Gas volume measurements. - Density and porosity measurements. - Results and discussion. - Sizes, shapes and distributions of bubbles. - Sizes, shapes and distributions of cavities. - Inclusion abundances. - Gas pressures in bubbles and cavities. - Total gas content. - Case for lattice diffusion. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Cores obtained to the bottom of the Antarctic Ice Sheet at Byrd Station were used to analyze the physical properties of air bubbles trapped in the ice. These bubbles originate as pockets of air in the upper layers of snow and approximately 10 ml of air/100 cm^3 of ice; i.e., 10% by volume is retained permanently when the snow transforms into ice. Parameters measured were the sizes, shapes, abundances, spatial distributions, gas volumes and pressures of bubbles, and their variations with depth in the ice sheet. Bubbles occur abundantly in the top 800 m of ice but then gradually disappear until they can no longer be detected optically below 1100 m. This disappearance is not accompanied by any significant loss of air from the ice and all available evidence indicates that the air actually diffuses into the ice in response to increasing overburden pressure. The possibility exists that the dissolved gases are retained in the form of a gas hydrate or clathrate which, because of release of confining pressures, begins to decompose soon after ice cores are pulled to the surface. This decomposition is accompanied by the growth of gas-filled bubble-like cavities, and as much as 40% of the dissolved air has exsolved already from some cores in the space of less than three years. Bubble pressure measurements show that 1) bubbles with pressures exceeding about 16 bars begin to relax back to this value soon after in situ pressures are relieved by drilling, 2) further slow decompression occurs with time, and 3) the rate of decompression is controlled to some extent by the intrinsic structural properties of the ice and its thermal and deformational history. Only small variations were observed in the entrapped air content of the ice cores; they probably reflect variations in the temperature and/or pressure of the air at the time of its entrapment, but the data are not sufficient to draw any firm conclusions regarding past variations in ice sheet thickness. Only ice from the bottom 4.83 m was found to lack any detectable trace of air. Since this absence of air coincided precisely with the first appearance of stratified moraine in the cores, it is concluded that this ice originated from the refreezing of air-depleted water produced under pressure melting conditions at the bottom of the ice sheet.
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    Pages: v, 18 Seiten , Illlustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 339
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  • 43
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    Hanover, N.H. : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-349
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 349
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Test locations. - Post Pond. - Mascoma Lake. - Winter freeze-up. - Ice cover properties. - Stratigraphy. - Microstructure. - Porosity. - Impurity content. - Flexural strength. - Test sites. - Beam test procedure. - Beam dimensions. - Beam temperatures. - Beam strengths. - Results. - Post Pond, Site PB, 12 February 1974. - Post Pond, Site PC, 21 February 1974. - Mascoma Lake, Site MD, 25 February 1974. - Mascoma Lake, Site MD, 26 February 1974. - Mascoma Lake, Site MD, 1 March 1974. - Post Pond, Site PA, 4 March 1974. - Post Pond, Site PA, 7 March 1974. - Post Pond, Site PA, 8 March 1974. - Post Pond, Site PB, 12 March 1974. - Post Pond, Midway between Sites PB and PC, 15 March 1974. - Post Pond, Midway between Sites PA and PB, 26 March 1974. - Post Pond, Midway between Sites PA and PB, 29 March 1974. - Post Pond, Midway between Sites PA and PB, 3 April 1974. - Conclusions. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: In-place cantilever beam tests on Post Pond and Mascoma Lake ice yielded a maximum flexural strength of 7.1 kg/cm^2. The minimum strength, unrelated to failure along pre-existing cracks in the ice, was 2.9 kg/cm^2. The majority of tests were performed in the push-down mode after it was discovered that beams tested in the pull-up mode, which places the bottom surface in tension, frequently broke prematurely along cracks in the bottom of the ice. Premature failures of this kind usually occurred at stresses of 2-3 kg/cm^2. Data further demonstrate that the intrinsic strength of lake ice decreases significantly as the surface air temperature goes to 0°C. Ice that has just become isothermal, but has not yet begun to candle, has a strength of about 4 kg/cm^2; ice that has been subjected to prolonged periods of above-freezing air temperatures generally fails at about 3 kg/cm^2. Tests also show that cold unrecrystallized snow-ice is as strong as the underlying lake ice. Tests of the effect of crystalline structure indicate that ice composed of crystals with their c-axes horizontal is measurably stronger than ice in which the crystals are oriented with their c-axes vertical.
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    Pages: v, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 349
    Language: English
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  • 44
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    Hanover, N.H. : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-350
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 350
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 350
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Sample preparation. - Apparatus and testing procedure. - Test results. - Uniaxial strength. - Initial tangent and 50% strength moduli. - Specific energy. - Discussion. - Testing method. - Compressive strength. - Tensile strength. - Ductile and brittle fracture.. - Initial tangent and 50% stress moduli. - Specific energy. - Conclusions and recommendations. - References. - Appendix A: Description of soil and calculations. - Appendix B: Description of the LVDT and averaging circuits. - Appendix C: Determination of strain in the neck section of a dumbbell specimen.
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  • 45
    Call number: ZSP-202-337
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction. - Surface ice observations. - Imagery interpretation. - Side-looking airborne radar. - Infrared. - Conclusions. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Ice conditions during mid-January 1974 in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and in the estuaty as far upstream as Rimouski are described utilitizing side-looking airborne radar, infrared and photographic imagery. The interpretations were verified by simultaneous surface observations on the ice by investigators operating from the CSS Dawson. The ice examined was undergoing rapid drift and deformation and showed a wide variety of thin ice (0-40 cm) features formed under the influence of strong winds and currents. These observations should serve as a guide in interpreting ice conditions in similar areas where ground truth data are not available.
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    Pages: 41 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 337
    Language: English
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  • 46
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    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-333
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - Analogy method. - Method based on the bending theory of elastic plates and the criterion [Sigma]max = [Sigma]f. - Methods based on viscoelastic theories. - Methods based on the yield line theory or limit analysis. - Comparison of analytical and test results. - General remarks. - Effect of bending and shearing forces on deflection of an ice cover. - Determination of Pf(O). - Determination of Pf(t). - Determination of [Sigma]f. - Summary and recommendations. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: This report contains a critical survey of the literature on the bearing capacity of floating ice plates. It consists of a discussion of general questions, a critical survey of analytical attempts to determine the bearing capacity of floating ice plates, and a survey of field and laboratory tests on floating ice plates and their relation to the analytical results. The paper concludes with a systematic summary of the results, a discussion of observed shortcomings, and suggestions for needed investigations.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 43 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 333
    Language: English
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  • 47
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/42
    In: CRREL Report, 76-42
    Description / Table of Contents: A study of arching of mixed, square fragmented ice floes at an opening in an ice boom is documented, using results from a model study in which two sizes of plastic blocks represented real ice. A power function, relating the upstream ice concentration to the ratio of a characteristic block dimension to the gap opening, is found adequate to distinguish between arching and nonarching events for block mixtures of two component sizes. It is demonstrated that when the respective total areas of the two block components are nearly equal, a minimum ice concentration initiates an arch across the opening. As the mixture of two sizes of blocks approaches a uniform (one-sized) mixture, a higher concentration of ice is needed to initiate the arch. When the ratio of the block dimension to the gap opening is equal to or less than 0.10, arching of the fragmented ice is not possible, even when the upstream ice discharge exceeds the maximum discharge of ice through a gap opening. The distribution of fragmented ice areas is an important parameter in establishing the minimum size of opening at which an ice boom will retain its arching capability.
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    Pages: iv, 17 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-42
    Language: English
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  • 48
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/45
    In: CRREL Report, 76-45
    Description / Table of Contents: The maneuverability of air cushion vehicles can become a serious operational problem when the vehicle's travel route is restricted by obstacles, slopes or cross-wind conditions, or when close-quarter turns are required. While improvement and perfection of aerodynamic methods may be a more desirable approach, there is a practical limit to these methods, and the use of ground contact devices requires consideration for providing more positive directional control. Wheels deserve special attention, and therefore are analyzed in more detail because of their obvious application on a variety of land terrains. Brake rods and harrows are more suitable on water, ice and snow. The saucer-shaped ground contact device would cause the least ecological impact on fragile organic terrains such as tundra. Relative directional stability is evaluated in terms of the total yawing moments produced by wheel arrangements (single, dual, tandem), location on the vehicle, and operational modes (free-rolling, braked, or a combination of the two). The available moments are plotted against the yaw angle of the vehicle to determine the most effective operational mode with a particular wheel arrangement for any yaw condition. The analysis is limited to retractable devices which act as moment producing brakes or rollers and do not serve as either propulsion or load support aids. Controlled ground contract with skirt sections having special wearing surfaces may provide a suitable control method and would require the least significant change to the basic design of the vehicle or its components. The concept involves the use of an air flow control mechanism for deflating specific skirt sections.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-45
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Section I: Use of auxiliary devices for ACV control Introduction Discussion of wheels as a control device Dual wheels Single wheel Tandem wheels Application to existing ACV’s Other control devices Turning force Conclusions Section II: Use of flexible skirts for ACV control Introduction The flexible skirt as a control device Model tests Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 49
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/1
    In: CRREL Report, 77-1
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies of the growth history and structural characteristics of winter ice covers on two New Hampshire lakes are described. These investigations included measurements of ice cover thickness, characterization of the stratigraphic and crystalline structure of the ice, identification and classification of major ice types and measurements of electrolytic conductivity. The formation of cracks and flaws in the ice and their effects on the mechanical properties of the ice were also investigated. A method of correlating ice growth with surface wind and temperature measurement is described and the interrelationships of the various physical and mechanical properties of temperate lake ice covers are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 29 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-1
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Study areas Study methods Winter freeze-up Composition of ice cover Freezing degree day records and applications Evaluation of ice growth coefficient α Growth history and entrapped bubble stratigraphy Mechanical properties Electrolytic conductivity Literature cited
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  • 50
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/2
    In: CRREL Report, 77-2
    Description / Table of Contents: A computer program was developed for finding the d-c resistance to ground of two simple electrodes, a straight horizontal wire and a vertically driven rod. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid means of finding the resistance to ground of simple electrode types in arctic environments where a two-layer earth model, frozen and unfrozen ground, is applicable. The program can consider homogeneous as well as two-layer earth, and the length, diameter and position of the electrodes. The computations were performed first by dividing an electrode into several smaller segments. Next the electrostatic potential of each segment was computed at the center of the electrode for unit-applied current. The segment potentials were then summed to find the total resistance to ground. Some specific computations are presented in comparison with previous theoretical work of other authors. The following conclusions were made: 1) A maximum run time of 165 seconds is needed for all two-layer arctic models where (a) the depth of the upper layer does not exceed 10 m, (b) the vertical rod length is less than 30 m, or (c) the horizontal wire length is less than 100 m; 2) Best accuracy is obtained when rod and wire radii are less than 0.01 m; and 3) Coincidence of the center of the vertical electrode with the two-layer interface must be avoided.
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    Pages: iv, 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-2
    Language: English
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  • 51
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/3
    In: CRREL Report, 77-3
    Description / Table of Contents: Tests were conducted in uniaxial compression and tension to determine the effect of temperature on the strength of frozen Fairbanks silt. Test temperatures ranged from 0 C to -56.7 C. Two machine speeds, 4.23 cm/sec and 0.0423 cm/sec, were used for the constant displacement rate tests. From the highest to the lowest temperature, the compressive strength increased up to about one order of magnitude and the tensile strength increased one-half an order of magnitude. Equations are presented which correlate strength with temperature at the strain rates obtained. The initial tangent and 50% strength moduli and the specific energy are given for each test. The mode of fracture and the effects of unfrozen water content and ice matrix strengthening are discussed, and the test results are compared with the data of other investigations.
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    Pages: iv, 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-3
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Sample preparation Apparatus and testing procedure Test results Discussion Compressive strength Tensile strength Initial tangent and 50% stress moduli Specific energy Mode of failure Strength as a function of unfrozen water Thermal activation Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited
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  • 52
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/4
    In: CRREL Report, 77-4
    Description / Table of Contents: The ice booms on the St. Marys River at Sault Ste.Marie, Michigan and Ontario, were operated a second winter, 1976-77, under colder conditions, with less water flow, lower water levels, and 25% fewer ships in the river than during the previous year. The ice cover behind the booms remained frozen to shore for longer periods, and the loads registered in the booms were relatively unaffected by ship passages compared with the previous year's activity. As in the previous year, most structural load changes took place in the west ice boom and were due to movements of the ice cover immediately upstream of the boom. The cover broke free from shore on three occasions: the first and third occasions were minor events, but on the second occasion the cover cracked free, the timbers remained frozen to it, and the boom structure became damaged by the subsequent ice activity. Three anchor line assemblies broke over a period of about 4 hours; the two latter breaks occurred while a ship was operating in the ice. The first break was in an instrumented line and the measured load was unexpectedly low. The most important break was in the main shore anchor and this opened the boom. The maximum force at this anchor was estimated as less than 115 tons (1,023 kN). Some ice moved downstream without serious consequence and the boom was reconnected in two days. These events point out several factors to be considered in ice booms, such as designing the booms to withstand the action of the solid ice cover as well as the fragmented ice cover, keeping the structures and their assembly simple, and inspecting components and assemblies carefully.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-4
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Ice boom basic principles General loading considerations Design ice areas Prediction of ice boom loads Summary Ice cover forces Ice barrier reaction force Ice forces in the structure Analytical relationships Design force summary Special features Extension of west ice boom Pipe restraint structure Diagonal anchor cables Measurement systems Measured anchor cable forces Data records Average and peak loads Ice activity on or about 1 February 1976 C3W cable forces Ship-induced leads Ice cover load check Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. St. Marys River ice booms test data
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  • 53
    Call number: AWI E3-19-92032
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 7 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: 1. Introduction. - 2. Design of the existing base. - 3. Why a new concept. - 4. Considerations for a new base. - 5. Building alternatives for a floating ice shelf. - 6. Design criteria. - 7. Concept adopted. - 8. Technical data. - 9. Services. - 9.1. Electrical. - 9.2. Mechanical. - 9.3. Fire Protection. - 9.4. Toilets. - 10. Stores. - 11. External buildings. - 12. Conclusion.
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  • 54
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Hannover : Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe
    Call number: AWI G2-19-92031
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 3 Seiten, 1 Karte , einfarbig
    Language: English
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  • 55
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Washington D.C. : National Science Foundation
    Call number: AWI P6-85-0831
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: Revised July 1978
    Language: English
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  • 56
    Call number: AWI G9-19-92194
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 172 Seiten , Porträt
    Language: English
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  • 57
    Call number: MOP 46990 / Mitte
    In: World weather program : plan for fiscal year, 1979
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  • 58
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Garmisch-Partenkirchen : Physikalisch-Bioklimatische Forschungsstelle der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung
    Call number: MOP 40082 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: ca. 100 Seiten
    Series Statement: AEC Document Number NYO - 3425 - 12
    Language: English
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  • 59
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/11
    In: CRREL Report, 78-11
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, Part VIII
    Description / Table of Contents: The report deals with forces and power requirements for cutting machines of the belt type, as exemplified by large chain saws and ladder trenchers. The forces of single cutting tools are considered, and related to the overall forces on a cutter bar. Forces are related to power, and sources of loss are identified. Tractive thrust and normal reaction are analyzed and used to assess the traction, weight and balance.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 24 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-11
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Foreword Introduction Terminology Tool forces Number of active cutting teeth Tool force and chain force Chain power Tool turce and belt power Tractive thrust and normal reaction Traction of carrier vehicles Power/weight ratio Cutter bar moments Specific energy Performance index Power density Apparent belt pressure Acceleratin and transport of cuttings Examples
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  • 60
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    Hanover, NH : U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-85/21
    In: CRREL Report, 85-21
    Description / Table of Contents: The development of lightweight coring augers for ice is reviewed. Emphasis is on equipment designed by the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory and its predecessor organizations for sampling to depths less than 20 m or so. Design and operation of the ACFEL/SIPRE/CRREL 3-in. -ID corer is discussed, and modifications of the basic design for powered operation and for drilling in frozen soil are outlined. Recent replacements for the traditional coring auger are described, and details are given for the construction and operation of the new 4 1/4-in-ID coring equipment. A powered 12-in.-ID drill for shallow-depth coring is also described.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 85-21
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction The 3-inch ice corer The Rand auger Parallel development of comparable drills The Big John 12-inch corer Power drives A simple Russian ice-corer Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 61
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/24
    In: CRREL Report, 76-24
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemical analysis of surface snows and deeper ice core samples from Milcent, Greenland, indicates a marine origin for Na and Cl and a terrestrial origin for Al, Mn and V. Pre-1900 enrichment factors, based on average crustal composition, are high for Zn and Hg and appear to be related to their volatility. A comparison of pre-1900 and 1971-1973 concentrations of V and Hg shows no decided increase from industrial production; however, the abundance of Zn (relative to Al) increased three-fold during this time period. The chemical composition of ancient ice is extremely useful in interpreting modern aerosols.
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    Pages: ii, 6 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-24
    Language: English
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  • 62
    Call number: MOP 40551 / Mitte
    In: Rezul'taty issledovanij po mezdunarodnym geofiziceskim proektam
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 578 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten
    Language: Russian , English
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  • 63
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/41
    In: CRREL Report, 76-41
    Description / Table of Contents: Eight Geoceiver stations were established and suitably marked along or near the crestiline of the Greenland ice sheet during GISP field operations from 1971 to 1975. At one of these stations, DYE-3, repeated Geoceiver positions indicate an ice velocity of 12.7 m.yr on an azimuth of approximately 60 degrees. Data from the International Greenland Glaciological Expedition (EGIG) surveys show that ice flow in the vicinity of Crete is radiating outward from a dome to the south. Two independent calculations of the state of equilibrium at Crete indicate ice sheet thinning rates of 0.25 to 0.37 m/yr, while direct measurement of elevation change by EGIG indicates an ice sheet thickening rate of difference of 0.06 m/yr. Resolution of these differences must await further geophysical work and deep drilling in the ice sheet.
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    Pages: iii, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-41
    Language: English
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  • 64
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/43
    In: CRREL Report, 76-43
    Description / Table of Contents: Ice fog generated at the Eielson AFB power plant cooling pond contributes heavily to the total ice fog problem on the base. Several methods for ice fog suppression were studied and two techniques were tested experimentally. Experiments were also conducted to determine the magnitude of the various modes of heat transfer within the pond's microclimate. Values of evaporative and radiative heat loss during ice fog are presented. Ice cover is shown to be an effective ice fog suppression technique. Monomolecular films are also shown to be effective and offer some unique advantages, such as ease of application and low overall cost. The heat normally lost to evaporation must be dissipated by other means during suppression. With the ice cover technique this is accomplished by melting the ice cover. During suppression with monomolecular films, the heat must be dissipated by increasing radiative and convective losses. The simplicity of application of monomolecular films, along with their lower cost, combine to make this technique attractive; however, the lower pond temperatures and increased suppression effectiveness weigh heavily in favor of the ice-cover technique.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: viii, 86 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-43
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric units of measurement Introduction Section I. Ice fog Section II. Evaporation Bowen's equation Evaporation equation Evaporation measurements during ice fog conditions Evaporation measurements at Eielson Power Plant cooling pond Data analysis Section Ill. Radiation during ice fog Brunt's equation Ångström equation Elsasser's equation Cloud cover Reflection Field experimental results Analysis of experimental results Radiation equations for ice fog Transmissivity of ice fog Radiation model Wind effect Summary Section IV. Convection Convective heat transfer theory Rotem and Claassen equation Kay's approach Russian approach Analysis Heat budget at the surface Conclusions Section V. Ice fog suppression techniques Fans Injection wells Latent heat storage Monomolecular films Use of heated water from the cooling pond Section VI. Latent heat storage experiments Freezing rates Cooling pond Ice building Ice growth rate -maximum system limitation Evaporation heat loss -maximum Realistic growth rate Ice building techniques Ice volume measurements Melting experiments Ice fog suppression considerations Experimental results Section VII. Recommendations and conclusions Hexadecanol studies Injection well suppression Latent heat storage suppression Comparison of approaches Measurements of evaporation Measurements of radiation loss Convective heat losses Ice fog suppression Selected bibliography Appendix A. Convective heat transfer coefficient from water to ice and from ice to air
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  • 65
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/46
    In: CRREL Report, 76-46
    Description / Table of Contents: The topological properties of 10 stream networks having moderate to well developed trellis drainage patterns have been compared with those expected in a topologically random population. Magnitude 4 subnetworks show a systematic departure from expectation which can be related to geological controls. A link type classification system was developed and a series of equations describing the probability of occurrence of link types in topologically random populations derived. Analysis of the link structure in the channel networks showed small but persistent deviations from expectation in the well developed trellis pattern streams. The general conclusion is that the topologically random model is a very useful standard with which to compare real channel networks.
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    Pages: vi, 54 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-46
    Language: English
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  • 66
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/38
    In: CRREL Report, 76-38
    Description / Table of Contents: Current methods for evaluation of the moisture absorption of plastic insulations (ASTM-C-272-53 and ASTM-C-355-64) due to vapor pressure gradients or immersion rely on short time periods to predict long term performance. This procedure may not provide accurate information on performance since in practice insulations may absorb more moisture than these tests indicate. A series of tests were conducted on extruded polystyrene roof insulation that had been in place, exposed to environmental moisture and pressure gradients, for a maximum of 36 months. Results indicate that moisture absorption of 1.5% by volume can be expected in the field.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-38
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Introduction Principal features of a protected membrane roof system Reported advantages of a protected membrane roof system Study sites Stevens Hall, University of Alaska, Fairbanks Building 41 5, University of Alaska, Fairbanks Building 1053, Ft. Wainwright, Alaska Gruening Building, University of Alaska, Fairbanks Consortium Library and K Building, University of Alaska, Anchorage CRREL Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire Resources Building, University of Alaska, Fairbanks Insulation properties Sampling Results Bulksamples Sliced samples Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Moisture contents Appendix B. Photographs
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  • 67
    Call number: MOP 44335 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 143 Seiten , Karten
    Language: Russian , English
    Note: In kyrillischer Schrift , Mit Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache
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  • 68
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    Monograph available for loan
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]
    Call number: MOP 44941 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 24 Seiten
    Language: English
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  • 69
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/30
    In: CRREL Report, 79-30
    Description / Table of Contents: The ice suppression resulting from discharge of warm water into rivers during winter is analyzed with emphasis on two different cases. In Part 1 the case of a thermal effluent fully mixed across the flow section is analyzed to include the effects of unsteadiness in the effluent temperature and the meteorological variations. The location of the ice edge is determined either by a 0 C water temperature criterion or an equilibrium ice melting analysis. The choice of the applicable criterion emerges naturally from the analysis even though the location of the ice edge may be considerably different when a steady-state analysis is done. In Part 2 the case of a side discharge of heated effluent is analyzed, also in an unsteady manner, and the effects of transverse dispersion are included in the analysis. Comparisons are made in both Parts 1 and 2 to limited field data that are available.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-30
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Part I. Unsteady suppression of river ice by fully mixed thermal effluents Introduction Governing equations Outline of analysis Location of ice edge Numerical simulation Uncertainties and Imitations Literature cited Part II. Effect of transverse mixing on ice suppression Introduction Analysis of dispersion and heat loss Analysis of ice thickening and melting Numerical simulation Example simulations Field comparison Uncertainties and limitations Literature Cited Appendix A: Computer program for unsteady fully mixed ice suppression Appendix B: Computer program for unsteady lateral mixing ice suppression
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  • 70
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/27
    In: CRREL Report, 79-27
    Description / Table of Contents: Some Bessel function identities found by solving problems of the deflection of a floating ice plate by two different methods are rigorously proved. The master formulas from which all the identities are derived are in a Fourier reciprocal relationship, connecting a Hankel function to an exponential function. Many new formulas can be derived from the master formulas. The analytical method presented here now opens the way to study a hitherto impossible type of problem--the deflection of floating elastic plates of various shapes and boundary conditions.
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    Pages: ii, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-27
    Language: English
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  • 71
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/28
    In: CRREL Report, 79-28
    Description / Table of Contents: Transmission and scanning electron micrographs of Umiat bentonite revealed thin, mica-like grains with irregular shapes. Most of the bentonite showed electron diffraction ring patterns, but some showed hexagonal net patterns as well as ring patterns. The lengths of the unit cells were calculated to be 5.18 A along the a-axis and 8.97 A along the b-axis. Semiquantitative analyses were made using an energy dispersive spectrometer. Common elements such as Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mg, Na and K were determined. The molecular ratio of SiO2:Al2O3 was calculated to be 492:100 for the bulk sample, indicating that Umiat bentonite is similar in most respects to Wyoming bentonite, and is classified as a mont-morillonite. The microstructure of frozen Umiat bentonite was observed at a specimen temperature of -100 C using a scanning electron microscope equipped with a cold stage. Frozen bentonite and segregated ice patterns formed from wet bentonite were examined using an X-ray map and Si X-ray line scan. Sublimation processes of ice in the frozen bentonite were observed at specimen temperatures of -60 and -80 C. After sublimation of the ice the bentonite displayed a honeycomb structure. It was concluded that the freezing-sublimation cycle in frozen soil increases the permeability of water vapor due to the three-dimensional structure of the coagulated clay formed by freezing.
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    Pages: iii, 14 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-28
    Language: English
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  • 72
    Series available for loan
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/25
    In: CRREL Report, 79-25
    In: Charged dislocation in ice, I.
    Description / Table of Contents: The motion of dislocations in single crystal ice under an electric field was observed by using X-ray topographic methods. Electric charge density on these dislocations was deduced from the amplitude and length of the dislocation segment under the known AC electrical field. The most likely linear charge density was about +5x10^-11 c/m, although considerable variation is possible depending on the effective field acting on the dislocation lines.
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    Pages: iii, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-25
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Theory Experimental apparatus and procedure Results Discussion Concluding remarks Selected bibliography Appendix A. Mosotti type field on core of cylindrical cavity
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  • 73
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Electric Power Research Institute
    Call number: MOP 41094 / MOP
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xiii, 126 Seiten , Illustrationen , 28 cm
    Series Statement: EPRI EA-270
    Language: English
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  • 74
    Call number: MOP 45154 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 253, 46 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Language: English
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  • 75
    Call number: MOP 44126/2 / Mitte
    In: Proceedings of the tenth international symposium on remote sensing of environment, Volume 2
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: Seiten XLIX, 671-1456
    Series Statement: Proceedings of the tenth international symposium on remote sensing of environment 2
    Language: English
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  • 76
    Call number: 12252/2
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXII, 1025 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 0306400693
    Language: English
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  • 77
    Call number: 12252/1
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXVI, 1053 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 0306400669
    Language: English
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  • 78
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London [u.a.] : Harper & Row
    Call number: MR 22.94920
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 284 Seiten , graphische Darstellungen
    ISBN: 0-06-318073.1 , 0-06-318061.8
    Language: English
    Note: Preface 1 Introduction 2 Introduction to Equilibrium Thermodynamics Gibbs energy and equilibrium G-x and T-x diagrams Algebraic equilibrium relations Approach 1 Approach 2 General equilibrium relation Worked examples 2 Problems 2 References 3 Activities and Standard States Standard state 1 Standard state 2 Standard state 3 Standard state 4 Summary Worked examples 3 Problems 3 References 4 Thermodynamics of Solids Mole fractions Activity coefficients Worked examples 4 Problems 4 References 5 Thermodynamics of Fluids Aqueous fluids Ions in solution Silicate liquids Worked examples 5 Problems 5 References 6 Equilibrium Thermodynamic Calculations Data Uncertainties Worked examples 6 Problems 6 References 7 Processes 1 Nucleation and growth Mass transfer Temperature-time dependence of rate processes Worked examples 7 References 8 Processes 2 Buffering Metasomatism Fractionation Worked examples 8 Problems 8 References 9 Petrological Topics Worked examples 9 References Appendix A Thermodynamic Properties Introduction Volume Entropy Enthalpy Gibbs energy Simplifications Approximations Volume Heat capacity Entropy and enthalpy Thermodynamic data References Appendix B A Maths Refresher Some formulae and relationships Solving a set of simultaneous equations Appendix C Standard States for Fluids Appendix D Solutions to Problems Appendix E Symbols, Units and Constants Index
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  • 79
    Call number: MR 22.94931
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 394 Seiten , Illustrationen, graphische Darstellungen, Karten
    ISBN: 0-387-90196-5 , 3-540-90196-5
    Language: English
    Note: 1 Energetic basis General relations Equations of state and chemical potential of pure gases, liquids, and solids Phases of variable composition Reactions and equations of equilibrium The Gibbs phase rule Effect of gravitational field Kinetics 2 Equilibrium of mineral systems One-component transitions Univariant transformations of solids Univariant reactions involving gases The system CaO-MgO-CO₂ Exchange equilibria The distribution of minor elements Coupled equilibria involving solid solutions and gases Intrinsic and extrinsic stability Ionic processes Crystal-melt equilibria 3 Kinetics of mineral systems General Quasiequilibrium processes in a temperature gradient Quasiequilibrium processes under isothermal conditions Crystal kinetics Kinetics of dissociation Kinetics of complex heterogeneous reactions Kinetics of rock deformation 4 Classifications of rocks Chemical classification Mineral facies classification Relation between bulk chemistry and mineral composition 5 Chemical and petrogenetic processes in space Solids in space The problem of the origin of the solar system Condensation from a gas of solar composition The effect of nonequilibrium ionization System O-Si-Mg-Fe-Ni-P 6 Meteorites General characteristics The dating of events in meteorite history Classification schemes Mineralogy Petrography of the chondrites Bulk chemical characteristics Prior's rules Oxidation and hydration states of meteorites Carbon reactions in meteorites Reactions involving sulfur and phosphorus compounds in meteorites Element distributions in meteorites Mechanisms of liquidus crystallization for the chondrites Origin of the metallic components of chondrites Pressure of formation of meteorites Origin of meteorites : a critique of theories and hypotheses 7 The terrestrial planets Gross physical and chemical characteristics Origin and evolution Chemistry and petrology of Venus The atmosphere and surface of Mercury Mars The Moon Comparative planetology 8 Metamorphism and metamorphic mechanisms Introduction Origin of microstructures and textures Kinetic aspects of crystallization Rates of metamorphic reactions Mineral orientation Origin of macrostructures Origin of compositional variations Summary 9 Metamorphic minerals Experimental appraisal of the stability of minerals Theoretical analysis of stabilities of crystalline solutions 10 Metamorphic mineral facies Diagenesis and metamorphism; the zeolite and lawsonite facies Greenschist facies Amphibolite facies Granulite facies 11 Experimental and theoretical study of metamorphic systems Geometric analysis of phase equilibria Method of interpreting metamorphic assemblages The system K₂O-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O Assemblages with staurolite The system SiO₂-K₂O-Al₂O₃-FeO-MgO-H₂O in transition from amphibolite to granulite facies Anthophyllite-gedrite pelitic rocks The system CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O Assemblages with cordierite in the granulite facies The charnockite assemblage Magnesian, calcic, and carbonate rocks Metamorphism of ultramafic rocks The iron formations Rocks of high pressure and controversial origin 12 Properties, origin, and environment of magmas Structures of silicate melts Solubilities of volatile components Densities of magmas Viscosities of magmas Liquid Immiscibility Origin of magmas General features of the occurence of magmatic rocks 13 Differentiation and crystallization of magmas The existence of rock series and their meaning Homogeneous differentiation Heterogeneous differentiation by separation of a fluid phase Separation of a fluid phase in a crystallizing magma Crystallization and heterogeneous differentiation in magmas Subtraction and variation diagrams 14 Igneous plutons: Their physical chemistry and mode of occurence The compositional fields of igneous rocks General factors in the differentiation of basaltic magmas Differentiated gabbroic complexes Large calc-alkali plutonic complexes The physical chemistry of calc-alkaline-type differentiation Origin of calc-alkali magmas Alkaline rocks Assimilation and alteration of inclusions Structural environment and mode of emplacement of igneous plutons Plutonic rocks of complex origin 15 Volcanism and volcanic fluids Introduction Volcanic and hypabyssal mineralogy Volcanoes and volcanic deposits Volcanic fluids References Subject Index Author Index
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  • 80
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/6
    In: CRREL Report, 77-6
    Description / Table of Contents: It has been reported that small arms projectiles are inherently unstable in snow and that snow has an unexpectedly high ability to stop them and other fast-moving projectiles. Field tests showed that the typical subarctic snow of interior Alaska can be used effectively to provide protection from both rifle and machine gun fire. The undisturbed snow had an average density of 0.18 g/cu. cm., but simple processing, such as shoveling, increased the density to around 0.34 g/cu. cm. Further processing increased the density to above o.40 g/cm3 but densities much above that value were difficult to obtain with simple hand equipment. Tests of the M16 rifle and M60 and M2HB machine guns showed that bullet penetration was inversely related to density - the higher the density the lower the bullet penetration. Design values for the three weapons were determined. A number of types of snow trenches and structures were designed and tested. They were found to provide good protection, in part since bullets showed a strong tendency to ricochet from the snow surface when striking it at a low angle. Burlap bags were filled with snow to revet structures and worked very well. Several types of Russian defensive works of snow were tested but proved unsuitable in the light, weak subarctic snow. The times required for troops to build several types of structures using only shovels and scoops were recorded.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-6
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Background Objectives Subarctic snow General Snow processing Construction productivity Shovel capacity Snow piles Bullet behavior and penetration in snow Test procedure M16 M60 ball M60 tracers .50 caliber Tumbling Bullet deformation and breakage Design penetration values Defensive works of snow Revetments Snow bags The snow trench The hardened snow trench Breastworks and bunkers Evaluation of foreign technology Russian expedient snow trenches Snow blocks and block structures The snow arch An expedient shelter Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited
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  • 81
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Tucson : The University of Arizona
    Call number: MOP 44619 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: V, 26 Blatt
    Language: English
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  • 82
    Call number: MOP 44444 / Mitte ; 21/SR 90.0917(52/3) ; 21/SR 22.19544(52/3)
    In: Veröffentlichungen des Zentralinstituts Physik der Erde, Nr. 52, Teil 3
    Description / Table of Contents: This 3rd International Symposium "Geodesy and Physics of the Earth" was according to its tenor the continuation of the Symposia of 1970 and 1973 dealing with the same basic topic. It was especially devoted to the possibilities of Satellite Geodesy to study geodynamic processes. By this also those problems of the use of observations of artificial satellites for geodetic and geophysical purposes were dealt with that had regularly been treated in the preceding years and will be treated further by A. Massevitsch in the symposia presided by her. Several papers were devoted especially to the problems of the Special Study Group 5.49 of the International Association of Geodesy "Use of Geodetic Data for Studies of Earth-Moon-System" (President E. Tengström). Part 3 : Use of Satellite Observations
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: Seiten 687-1079 , Illustrationen , 30 cm
    Edition: Als Manuskript gedruckt
    ISSN: 0514-8790
    Series Statement: Veröffentlichungen des Zentralinstituts Physik der Erde Nr. 52, Teil 3
    Language: English , Russian , German
    Note: Use of Satellite Observations Sehnal, L., The Aerodynamic Lift in the Satellite Dynamics Ill, M., Über die Nord-Süd Asymmetrie der hohen Atmosphäre Иллеш-Алмар, Е. Анализ изменения плотности верхней атмосферы с 27-дневным циклом Кутаенко, Б.В., Оценка возможного повышения точности расчета положения ИСЗ при использовании прогнозируемых значений индексов геомагнитной возмущенности в солнечной активности Almár, L.; Horvath, A.; Illes-almár, E., New Results Concerning the Geomagnetic Effect in the Upper Atmosphere Vorbrich, K., Some Results of the Examination of the SBG Camera at Borowiec Георгиев, Н., Использование промежуточной орбиты ИЗС при решении геодезических задач Latka, Jan, The Determination of the Earth Gravity Field by use of Satellite Gradiometry Halme, Seppo J.; Paunonen, Matti; Sharma, A.B.R.; Kakkuri, Juhani; Kalliomäki, Kari (Presented by T.J. Kukkamäki), The Satellite Laser of Finland Neubert, Reinhart; Fischer, Harald, lmprovement of the Potsdam Laser Ranging Equipment Schillak, S.; Wnuk, E., Satellite Laser Ranging Station at Borowiec Hiršl, P.; Krajiček, V.; Pfeifer, M., Event Timer for the Second Generation Laser Radar Wilson, P.; Seeger, H.; Nottarp, K., The new Nd-YAG Laser-Ranging System for the Satellite Observation Station at Wettzell Hovorka, F.; Konrad, M., Utekal, J., Satellite Laser Ranging at Hradec Králové Mihaly, Sz., Possibilities in Improving Claseical Networks by Satellite Geodesy Батраков, Ю.В.; Никольская, Т.К., Об оптимальных условиях определения координат станций полудинамическим методом Stange, L.; Swiatek, K., On the Derivation of Long Terrestrial Distances from Laser Observations of Artificial Satellites Adam, J., Determination of Station Coordinates from Laser Observations Goral, Wladyslaw, Iterative Methods of Determination of Station Co-ordinates and Orbital Satellite Elements from DOPPLER Observations Halmos, F.; Szadeczky-Kardoss, Gy., Computation of Geodesics from Chord-Lengths Marek, K.-H.; Rehse, H., A Technology of Stellar Triangulation by Means of Balloon-Borne Beacons Кабелач, Йосеф, Триангуляция на высокие цели с помощью самолётов, если имеются направления и расстояния Хорват, А.; Хорват, П.; Петер, И., Дигитвизуальный телескоп для наблюдения ИСЗ Maase, E., Fernsehaufnahmesystem für die Ortung von Satelliten Stupak, T.; Vorbrich, K.; Wieckowski, J., Some Experiments with Satellite-Navigation Doppler Receivers Magnavox 'MX-902' and 'ITT-6001' Жагар, Ю.Х., Применение промежуточных орбит для прогнозирования движения ИСЗ Аксёнов, Е.П.; Вашковьяк, С.Н.; Емельянов, Н.В.; Определение орбит по по оптическим и лазерным наблюдениям Kostalecky, J., Tidal Movement of Satellite Stations Klokocnik, Jaroslaw, Determination of the Lumped Coefficients of 14th-Order from the Inclination Changes of the Interkosmos 9 and 10 Satellites Прилепин, М.Т., Заболотный, Н.С., Уточнение поправок на влтяегте атмосферы при изучении колебаний полюса Земли Swierkowska, Stanislawa, Stellar Testing Catalogue Kurzynska, Krystyna, The Influence of Refraction on Positional Observations of Earth's Artificial Satellites Касименко, Т.В.; Янковская, И.А., Исследование вариаций плотности атмосферы Земли по торможению спутника "Ореол" Adam, J., Accuracy Investigation of Simultaneous Photographic and Laser Observations of Artificial Satellites Hiršl, Petr, Retroreflector Shape - One of the Sources of Errors Gesamtinhaltsverzeichnis
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  • 83
    Call number: MOP 45224 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 221 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Language: Russian , English
    Note: Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache , In kyrillischer Schrift
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  • 84
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/13
    In: CRREL Report, 79-13
    Description / Table of Contents: Heat transfer in turbulent flow was measured in a rectangular channel with a width of 0.254 m and a flow depth of 0.0254 m. Correlations between the Nusselt and Reynolds numbers are given for a range of 3020 Re 22360. A Prandtl number range of 9.90 or = Pr or = 12.28 for water was used in the tests. The results are compared with those of other investigations and show that some well-known correlations underpredict the heat transfer by about 35%.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-13
    Language: English
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  • 85
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/22
    In: CRREL Report, 79-22
    Description / Table of Contents: Field observations at 60 Sites located in the fast or near-fast ice along a 1200-km stretch of the north coast of Alaska between Bering Strait and Barter Island have shown that the great majority of the ice samples (95%) exhibit striking c-axis alignments within the horizontal plane. Such alignments were usually well developed by the time the ice was 50 cm thick and in some cases when the ice was 20 cm thick. In all cases the degree of preferred orientation increased with depth in the ice. Representative standard deviations around a mean direction in the horizontal plane are commonly less than ± 10° for samples collected near the bottom of the ice. The general patterns of the alignments support a correlation between the preferred c-axis direction and the current direction at the ice/water interface. A comparison between c-axis alignments and spot current measurements made at 42 locations shows that the most frequent current direction coincides with the mean c-axis direction. Such alignments are believed to be the result of geometric selection with the most favored orientation being that in which the current flows normal to the (0001) plates of ice that compose the dendritic sea ice/sea water interface.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-22
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Techniques and sampling Observations Crystal alignments “Odd” sites Causes Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Current observations
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  • 86
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/9
    In: CRREL Report, 79-9
    Description / Table of Contents: Sedimentation at the terminus of the Matanuska Glacier has been found to be primarily subaerial in a 100- to 300-m wide, ice-cored zone paralleling the edge of the active ice. Certain physical and chemical characteristics of the ice and debris of the superglacial, englacial and basal zones of the glacier indicate the debris of the basal zone, the primary source of sediment, is entrained during freeze-on of meltwater, probably surficially derived, to the glacier sole. Till formation results from the melting of buried ice of the basal zone. Melt-out till inherits the texture and particle orientations of basal ice debris; other properties are not as well preserved. Most deposits result from resedimentation of till and debris by sediment gravity flows, meltwater sheet and rill flow, slump, spall, and ice ablation. Depositional processes are interrelated in the process of backwasting of ice-cored slopes. Sediment flows are the primary process of resedimentation. Their physical characteristics, multiple mechanisms of flow and deposition, and characteristics of their deposits vary with the water content of the flow mass. Deposits of each process are distinguished from one another by detailed analysis of their internal organization, geometry and dimensions, and the presence of other internal and related external features. Genetic facies are defined by these characteristics. The interrelationship of processes develops a composite depositional sequence defined in terms of genetic facies associations; an upper, resedimented facies association, a middile, till facies association, and a lower, subglacial-resedimental facies association. The lateral and vertical distribution of genetic facies within the associations is mainly nonrepetitive.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: X, 112 Seiten , Illustrationen , 1 Beilage
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-9
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Chapter 1. Introduction Field site Historical background Chapter 2. Characteristics of the debris and ice Characteristics of the facies and subfacies Basal zone Characteristics of the debris Discussion Chapter 3. Oxygen isotope analysis Sampling and analysis Results Discussion Chapter 4. Depositional processes—till formation Methods of analysis Environmental setting Till formation Chapter 5. Depositional processes—resedimentation Sediment flows Other resedimentation processes Resedimentation process relationships Chapter 6. Process distribution, sediment dispersal and depositional patterns Physical characteristics Sediment dispersal Sedimentary facies Patterns of terminus sedimentation Chapter 7. Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 87
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/20
    In: CRREL Report, 79-20
    Description / Table of Contents: A volumetric constitutive equation was developed to characterize the behavior of snow subjected to large compressive volumetric deformations. By treating the material as a suspension of air voids in a matrix material of polycrystalline ice, a rate-dependent volumetric constitutive law was formulated and found to accurately predict material response to pressure loads for a wide range of load rates. Comparison of the theory with shock wave data was not considered in this paper, although the constitutive law appears to be valid for such load situations. One application to oversnow mobility of tracked vehicles was made. In this case, power requirements due to snow compaction were calculated parametrically in terms of vehicle speed, track loading, and snow density.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-20
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Material representation of ice Development of the volumetric constitutive law for snow Fully elastic phase Elastic-plastic phase Fully plastic phase Simplified equation Comparison with experimental data Application to vehicle mobility problems Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 88
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/17
    In: CRREL Report, 79-17
    Description / Table of Contents: Six test roofs of two different slopes — 16.3° and 39.8°, and three different roof coverings — asphalt shingles, cedar shingles, and corrugated aluminum sheeting, were constructed at USACRREL, Hanover, New Hampshire, and were instrumented with thermocouples, heat flow meters, and calibrated gutters. Measurements were recorded for the winters of 1971-72 and 1972-73. The degree of icing and the chronological changes in the snow cover were recorded on 35-mm Kodachrome slides. It was found that eave icing is a sensitive function of the slope, roof covering composi­tion, and solar radiation. The effects of wind were not investigated; the data were screened to remove all informa­tion corresponding to windspeeds over 8 km/h. In order of increasing tendency to form ice dams on the eaves, the roofs were high-slope asphalt, high-slope cedar, high-slope aluminum, low-slope asphalt, low-slope cedar, and low- slope aluminum.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 40 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-17
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Experimental procedure Description of roofs Meteorological data Procedure Analysis General Temperature profiles Temperature rankings Heat flow Snow depths and meltwater volumes Degree of icing Results and conclusions General Temperature profiles of the roofs Comparative temperatures of roofs by section — rankings Heat flow and accumulation Snow depth, coverage, and meltwater Degree of icing Discussion of the icing problem Literature cited
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  • 89
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Hanover, NH : US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Call number: AWI G7-19-92301
    Description / Table of Contents: The pulse radiosounding technique was used in studying Antarctic land and sea ice, their internal structures, volumes, movements, and physical properties. Electromagnetic properties of different ice types and their measurement are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 83 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Draft translation / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army 614
    Uniform Title: Radiozondirovanie lʺda 〈rus.〉
    Language: English
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  • 90
    Call number: MOP Per 800(422)
    In: World Meteorological Organization
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: VI, 172 Seiten
    Series Statement: WMO / World Meteorological Organization 422
    Language: English
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  • 91
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Stroudsburg : Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross
    Associated volumes
    Call number: G 8115
    In: Benchmark papers in geology
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XV, 468 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 0-471-13540-2
    Series Statement: Benchmark papers in geology 15
    Language: English
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  • 92
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/29
    In: CRREL Report, 76-29
    Description / Table of Contents: In order to verify current theoretical equations on ice bearing capacity, a heavily loaded truck was used to make successive passes over two ice bridges. Equipment, weather and the normal problems associated with field work resulted in only one complete breakthrough test. Breakthrough occurred on one bridge with a vehicle weight of 53,630 lb (24,327 kg) and an ice thickness of 17.5 in. (44.5 cm). Since only one test was completed, the conclusions drawn cannot be unequivocal. However, the results do indicate that Nevel's equation for ultimate failure of a floating ice sheet is a good working tool.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-29
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Location Test procedure Loading Site preparation and bridge construction Deflection measurements Conclusions Literature cited Appendix, Test data
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  • 93
    Call number: MOP 44044 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: vi, 126 Seiten , Illustrationen , 28 cm
    Language: English
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  • 94
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/32
    In: CRREL Report, 76-31
    Description / Table of Contents: Four large grounded multi-year shear ridge formations were found in the grounded ice subzone of the fast ice zone near the Harrison Bay/Prudhoe Bay area of Alaska. A 166-m-long cross section of one of these formations was obtained by leveling and sonar measurements. These measurements revealed that the maximum ridge height was 12.6 m and that the formation was grounded in 17-18 m of water. The salinity, temperature, brine volume and density of the ice were determined on samples obtained by coring. The physical characteristics of the formations as observed in satellite, SLAR and aerial imagery indicate that these formations have not moved between the time of their formation in the fall of 1974 and August of 1976. Evidence of significant aeolian debris discoloring the ice is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-32
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Introduction Background Fast ice study area Results and discussion Literature cited
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  • 95
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/33
    In: CRREL Report, 76-33
    In: Detecting structural heat losses with mobile infrared thermography / R.H. Munis, S.J. Marshall and M.A. Bush, Part IV
    Description / Table of Contents: During the winter of 1973-74 a mobile infrared thermography system was used to survey campus buildings at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire. Both qualitative and quantitative data are presented regarding heat flow through a small area of a wall of one brick dormitory building before and after installation of aluminum reflectors between radiators and the wall. These data were used to estimate annual cost savings for 22 buildings of similar construction having aluminum reflectors installed behind 1100 radiators. The data were then compared with the actual savings which were calculated from condensate meter data. The discrepancy between estimated and actual annual cost savings is explained in detail along with all assumptions required for these calculations.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 14 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-33
    Language: English
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  • 96
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/34
    In: CRREL Report, 76-34
    Description / Table of Contents: Some physical characteristics of two grounded floebergs (fragments of multi-year pressure ridges) near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, are described. Cross-sectional profiles of the sails and keels of both floebergs were obtained. A sail to keel ratio of 1 to 3.38 obtained with one floeberg was found to be in good agreement with previous investigations. A survey of the sea floor for evidence of scoring induced during grounding yielded a maximum depth of gouging of 1.1m. Additional studies included investigations of the internal structure of the floebergs, and a brief examination of the organic and sedimentary debris found entrained within the floebergs. The grounding of ice on the continental shelves of the Arctic is of considerable interest to those concerned with the development and impact of development of these continental shelves. The field study reported here provides information useful in assessing the nature and characteristics of interactions between floebergs and the sea bed on which they are grounded.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-34
    Language: English
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  • 97
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/31
    In: CRREL Report, 76-31
    Description / Table of Contents: Sections in the Connecticut River where ice jam potential is high were identified through the use of low-altitude black and white photographs taken during low-flow, ice-free conditions. The hydraulics and mechanics of ice jam initiation were investigated in the river reach where these sections were identified. Certain areas were found in the river that had a high susceptibility to ice clogging, but this high potential decreased with increasing discharge because of the improved surface conveyance of the ice through the reach. The stability of ice floes was established along the channel, but the floes generally became unstable as the flow increased. This was calculated by using a Froude number criterion. Grounding locations for ice became evident when the critical Froude number was zero for a given thickness and water depth. No single factor was determined to be responsible for initiating the ice jams in the Connecticut River at Windsor. Apparently there existed a multitude of interacting conditions: surface constrictions, possible high backwater conditions from the Brattleboro Dam, a solid ice cover in the backwater of the Brattleboro Dam that prevented ice transport from the Windsor area, deep pools followed by shallow depth sections upstream of bridge piers, a greater ice thickness accumulation of fragmented floes than would result if a uniform cover could be established in the same reach, and the diurnal fluctuation of river stage casued by the release of water at Wilder Dam.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 39 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-31
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric units of measurement Introduction Testsite Aerial photography Channel morphology — Interpretation of aerial photographs Ground surveys Hydraulic analysis Analysis of ice jam locations Winter field observations Conclusions Literature cited Appendix: Locations and plots of cross sections from Sumner Falls to Chase Island, Connecticut River
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  • 98
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/35
    In: CRREL Report, 76-35
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystalline textures and fabrics of ice cores from the 2164-m-thick ice sheet at Byrd Station, Antarctica, reveal the existence of an anisotropic ice sheet. A gradual but persistent increase in the c-axis preferred orientation of the ice crystals was observed between the surface and 1200m. This progressive growth of an oriented crystal fabric is accompanied by a 20-fold increase in crystal sized between 56 and 600m, followed by virtually no change in crystal size between 6000 and 1200m. A broad vertical clustering of c-axes develops by 1200m. Between 1200 and 1300 m the structure transforms into a fine-grained mosaic of crystals with their basal glide planes now oriented substantially within the horizontal. This highly oriented fine-grained structure, which persists to 1800m, is compatible only with a strong horizontal shear deformation in this part of the ice sheet. Rapid transformation from single- to multiple-maximum fabrics occurs below 1800m. This transformation, accompanied by the growth of very large crystals, is attributed to the overriding effect of relatively high temperatures in the bottom layers of old ice at Byrd Station rather than to a significant decrease in stress. The zone of single-maximum fabrics between 1200 and 1800 m also contains numerous layers of volcanic dust. Fabrics of the very fine-grained ice associated with these dust bands indicate the bands are actively associated with shearing in the ice sheet. Some slipping of ice along the bedrock seems likely at Byrd Station, since the basal ice is at the pressure melting point and liquid water is known to exist at the ice/rock interface.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 30 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-35
    Language: English
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  • 99
    Call number: MOP 46654 / Mitte
    In: World weather program : plan for fiscal year, 1980 and 1981
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 100
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Bochum : Studienverlag Brockmeyer
    Call number: MOP 44382 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 85 Seiten , 5 graphische Darstellungen
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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