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  • 101
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Analysis of the midwinter temperature regime and snow occurence in Germany (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/21
    In: CRREL Report, 78-21
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This study investigates the possibility of providing estimates of the time of occurrence and length of the freezing season for any location in East and West Germany by using the average Januavy air temperature (AJ AT) as an index. The results indicate that reliable values of the mean freezing index can be obtained from the AJAT relationships which are developed for Germany. This association is further verified using data from the northeastern part of the U.S., and the AJ AT is then used to determine the average starting and ending dates (and hence the probable length) of the freezing season for stations in Germany. The AJ AT and the average dates of snowfall occurrence for numerous locations in the U.S. and Germany are also correlated. Interrelationships between these parameters and the average number of days with snow on the ground for stations up to 3000 m in elevation in Germany are examined. A detailed AJ AT map for East and West Germany, in which data from 134 stations, latitude, altitude and regional influences are considered, is developed in order to make the relationships usable. A historical review of the literature on snow studies in Germany and a brief discussion of snow-cover interpretation by satellite photography are included
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: v, 48 Seiten , Illustrationen , 1 Karte
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-21
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9384
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Historical literature review Relationships between midwinter temperature and freezing season Mean freezing index 4 Average January air temperature U.S. comparative study Correlation of AJAT and duration of freezing season Relationships between average January air temperature and snow conditions U.S. relationships German relationships Mapping of average January air temperatures Analysis of observed AJ AT data Development of detailed maps Application and discussion Examples Influence of vegetation Literature cited Appendix A. interpretation of snow cover by satellite Appendix B. Contour, station elevation and Aj AT maps for East and West Germany
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  • 102
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    The compression of wet snow (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/10
    In: CRREL Report, 78-10
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The compressibility of wet snow is described in terms of pressure melting and nonlinear viscous deformation at grain contacts. The results of experiments with different salinities and liquid water contents are compared with computed densities. The decreasing compressibility of wet snow with increasing salinity and decreasing liquid content is quantified and explained. Simultaneous particle growth and the doubly charged layer at phase boundaries are included in the model. The results show that the density of wet snow increases approximately as a power of time but is highly dependent on the stress, initial particle size, liquid water content, and ionic impurity content of the snow.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: vi, 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-10
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9405
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Experimental procedure Grain growth Stressed particle contacts Fluid pressure Packing geometry Temperature distribution and heat flow Fluid and impurity flows Results The liquid film Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 103
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    Shoreline changes along the outer shore of Cape Cod from Long Point to Monomoy Point (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/17
    In: CRREL Report, 78-17
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract: This investigation utilized historical and recent aerial photographs and satellite imagery in 1) estimating changes in positions of the high-water line and sea cliff break and base, in rates of accretion and/or erosion, and in volumes of transported sediment, and 2) providing a preliminary evaluation of the direction of littoral transport along the outer Cape Cod coast. Using aerial photographs acquired in 1938, 1952, 1971 and 1974 with manual photointerpretation techniques, changes in the distances from selected reference points to the cliff break, cliff base and the high-water line were measured. LANDSAT-1 and -2 imagery acquired from 1 September 1972 to 28 May 1975 was evaluated for use in determining the directions of littoral transport that are active the predominant amount of time. Although the imagery has been very useful for this purpose at other locations, it proved to be useless along the outer shore of Cape Cod. Largest net migrations of the high water line from 1938 to 1974 occurred in the northern and southern portions of this coast. The northern maximum high water line was 321.4 ft, the southern was 1794.6 ft. The central portion of the coast was generally more stable with changes varying from 6.8 to 157.6 ft. Cliff-base recession rates varied from 0.4 to 7.3 ft/yr. Maximum estimated net volume of sediment deposited per linear foot of beach from 1938 to 1974 was 334 yd^3 (based on 2 yd^3/ft of recession or accretion); maximum eroded was 914 yd^3. Changes in the configuration of spits were used to evaluate directions of littoral transport since suspended sediment concentrations were generally not sufficient to act as natural tracers of surface currents. Based on the literature and a determination of the portion of the coast perpendicular to the direction of dominant wave approach, the location of the nodal zone for predominant littoral directions of drift probably shifts between the area near Spectacle Pond and North Truro Air Force Station. This investigation has illustrated a photo interpretation technique that is useful in performing a reconnaissance of coastal change. The data obtained from this method can be used to supplement those acquired by ground surveys and are valid as first approximations for planning subsequent, more detailed surveys.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: vi, 49 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-17
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9394
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric units of measurement Introduction Background Previous investigations Analytical procedures Results and discussion Shoreline changes: High-water line Shoreline changes: Cliff recession Volumetric changes Nodal zone location and direction of littoral transport Error evaluation Summary and conclusions Future research Selected bibliography Appendix A: Maps of shoreline with overlays for 1938, 1952, 1971 and 1974 Appendix B: Supplementary data for estimating shoreline change
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  • 104
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    Flexural strength of ice on temperate lakes : comparative tests of large cantilever and simply supported beams (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/9
    In: CRREL Report, 78-9
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Large, simply supported beams of temperate lake ice were found, generally, to yield significantly higher flexural strengths than the same beams tested in the cantilever mode. Data support the view that a significant stress concentration may exist at the fixed corners of the cantilever beams. Maximum effects are experienced with beams of cold, brittle ice substantially free of structural imperfections; for this kind of ice the strength difference factor, here attributed to the effect of stress concentrations, may exceed 2.0; that is, simply supported beams test a factor of 2 or more stronger than the same beams tested in the cantilever mode. In ice that has undergone extensive thermal degradation, the stress concentration effect may be eliminated entirely. Simply supported beams generally yield higher strengths when the top surfaces are placed in tension. This behavior is attributed to differences in ice type; the fine-grained, crack-free top layer of snow-ice which constituted up to 50% of the ice cover in the current series of tests usually reacted more strongly in tension than the coarse-grained crack-prone bottom lake ice.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iv, 14 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-9
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9406
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test sites and ice cover properties Beam testing Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 105
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    Bearing capacity of river ice for vehicles (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/3
    In: CRREL Report, 78-3
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The mathematical theory for the bearing capacity of river ice for vehicles is presented. The floating ice sheet is assumed to have simple supports at the shore line. Solutions are presented for loads uniformly distributed over circular and rectangular areas. Numerical evaluations are made for a number of vehicles and the results presented in graphical form
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iii, 22 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-3
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9418
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Introduction Theory Solution by superposition Solution by Fourier integral Solution by Fourier series Application and results Literature cited Appendix A: Bearing capacity of river ice for military vehicles Appendix B: Vehicle specifications Appendix C: Fortran II computer program
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  • 106
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    Mid-winter installation of protected membrane roofs in Alaska (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-77/21
    In: CRREL Report, 77-21
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Cold weather limits the successful application of built-up roofing, but often a roof installation must be completed late in the fall or in the winter. The loose-laid protected membrane roof with a synthetic sheet membrane can be installed in the middle of the winter with complete reliability. A synthetic membrane is traditionally more expensive than built-up roofing (rising crude oil prices, however, have reversed this condition), but it has two special features besides its suitability for winter installation: it can be placed on a damp deck, if necessary, and, being losse-laid, it does not split because of deck movement. This report documents information on the installation of two roofs in Anchorage, Alaska, during January and February 1972, including a discussion of the necessary snow removal from the bare deck and the use of portable shelters for preparing the lap joints between sheets during very cold weather. The winter installation caused no special construction problems and the advantages of the synthetic membrane make it an attractive alternative to built-up roofing. The cost of loose-laid protected membrane roofs in Alaska was, in 1972, nearly $300 per square ($28/sq.m), including insulation. Prices are rising as labor costs rise and as more insulation is specified.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: 5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 77-21
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9493
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction The protected membrane roof Winter construction considerations Construction costs Conclusion
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  • 107
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    Interaction of a surface wave with a dielectric slab discontinuity (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/8
    In: CRREL Report, 78-8
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The interaction of a 5.1-GHz transverse electric surface wave with a dielectric slab is experimentally investigated. The wave is initially supported by a dielectric substrate resting upon a metallic ground-plane. A slab, made of the same dielectric material as the substrate and variable in height, is then placed upon the waveguide. The results for a small slab sitting on the substrate showed that the discontinuity was a very inefficient launcher of reflected surface waves. Investigations of these reflections with a trough waveguide showed that, for values of slab height comparable to the exponential decay height of the surface wave, the reflections remain very small. However, as the slab height is increased beyond the decay height, the reflected amplitude approaches the theoretical value for a plane wave reflected from the interface between air and the same dielectric. The results are applicable to surface wave methods of microwave deicing of wings and helicopter rotors.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: v, 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-8
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9408
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Background Objective and procedure Theory of plane surface waves Waveguide design and characteristics Physical apparatus Frequency characteristics Spatial distribution of Ey above the guide Guide wave length Surface wave interaction with a slab discontinuity Experiments with a trough Discussion and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 108
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    The viscoelastic deflection of an infinite floating ice plate subjected to a circular load (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/5
    In: CRREL Report, 78-5
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The viscoelastic deflection of an infinite floating ice plate subjected to a circular load was solved, assuming the Maxwell-Voigt type four-element model. An effective method of numerical integration of the solution integrals was developed, of which each integrand contains a product of Bessel functions extending to infinity. The theoretical curve was fitted to the field data, but the material constants thus found varied with time and location.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iii, 32 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-5
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9415
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction The problem The solution Method of numerical integration Ramp/steady loading Curve fitting to time lapse deflections Asymptotic deflection Deflection profiles Acknowledgement Literature cited Appendix I. Analytical background Appendix II. Computer programs, ramp time profiles and steady time profiles
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  • 109
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    Segregation freezing as the cause of suction force for ice lens formation (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/6
    In: CRREL Report, 78-6
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: A new freezing mechanism, called segregation freezing, is proposed to explain the generation of the suction force that draws pore water up to the freezing surface of a growing ice lens. The segregation freezing temperature is derived by applying thermodynamics to a soil mechanics concept that distinguishes the effective pressure from the neutral pressure. The frost-heaving pressure is formulated in the solution of the differential equations of the simultaneous flow of heat and water, of which the segregation freezing temperature is one of the boundary conditions.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iv, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-6
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9411
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Segregation freezing Analysis Heat conduction in the nascent ice layer Water flow in the unfrozen soil Heat transfer in the unfrozen soil Energy balance at the segregation-freezing front Numerical computation Literature cited Appendix A. Essence of Portnov’s method Appendix B. Frost-heaving without air available
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  • 110
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Simulation of ecological processes (1978)
    Wageningen : Centre for Agricultural Publ. and Documentation
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    Signatur: PIK M 370-91-0161 ; MOP 44707 / Mitte
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 175 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Ausgabe: 2., revised and extended edition
    ISBN: 9022006522
    Serie: Simulation monographs
    URL: http://scans.hebis.de/18/37/53/18375323_toc.pdf
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Some terminology 1.3 Electrical analogues 1.4 State determined systems 1.5 Simulation languages 2 Exponential growth 2.1 Analytical and numerical integration 2.2 Simulation 2.3 Time constant and time interval of integration 2.4 Integration method and time interval 3 The growth of yeast 3.1 Description of the system 3.2 Relational diagrams 3.3 Simulation 3.4 Logistic growth 4 Interference of plants 4.1 Replacement series 4.2 Density of sowing 4.3 Simulation of plant interference 4.4 Further modelling aspects 4.4.1 The INDEX and MACRO feature 4.4.2 The INITIAL and DYNAMIC section 5 Growth and competition of Paramecium 5.1 Description of the system 5.2 A simulation program 5.3 Preliminary estimation of parameters 5.4 Final determination of parameters 5.5 Stochastic aspects 5.6 The programming of probability functions 6 Modelling of development, dispersion and diffusion 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Physiological age and development stage 6.3 Demographic models 6.3.1 Age-classes 6.3.2 Errors of approximation 6.3.3 The matrix method 6.4 Germination models 6.4.1 Boxcar train without dispersion 6.4.2 Boxcar train with constant relative dispersion 6.4.3 Boxcar train with controlled dispersion 6.4.4 Refinements 6.5 The flow of heat in soils 7 Growth and development of Helminthosporium maydis 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The weather 7.3 Appearance and growth of lesions 7.4 Sporophore or stalk formation 7.5 Sporulation of green stalks 7.6 Sporulation of dried stalks 7.7 Dispersal of spores 7.8 Germination of spores and penetration of germtubes 7.9 Timing, initialization and output organization 7.10 Results and sensitivity analyses 8 Population models for fruit-tree red spider miteand predatory mites 8.1 Fruit-tree red spider mite 8.2 Predatory mite, Amblyseius potentillae 8.3 Relations between predator and prey 8.4 Preference as a competitive process 8.5 Verification 9 Solutions of the exercises References Appendix A Appendix B Index
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  • 111
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    Freeze-thaw tests of liquid deicing chemicals on selected pavement materials (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-77/28
    In: CRREL Report, 77-28
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Tests were conducted to assess the extent of surface degradation resulting from the application of non-chloride deicing chemicals on three types of airfield pavements. The chemicals tested were proprietary mixtures of urea, formamide, and ethylene glycol; sodium chloride, distilled water, and dry specimens were used as controls and for comparison. Pavements included new and old specimens of open-graded asphaltic concrete and old specimens of dense-graded asphaltic concrete. Portland cement concrete specimens used were new and old, with and without air-entrainment. New and old tar rubber concrete specimens were also tested. Samples were subjected to up to 60 freeze-thaw cycles with deicing chemicals flooding their upper surface. Each specimen was rated on a scale of 0-5 after every five freeze-thaw cycles. All PCC specimens showed some surface degradation, whereas the dense- and open-graded asphaltic concretes were largely unaffected.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: v, 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 77-28
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9501
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) Units of measurement Introduction Test procedure Pavement types Deicing chemicals Description of tests Discussion Literature cited Appendix A: Test results Appendix B: Portland cement concrete materials data
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  • 112
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    Thermal pollution studies of French creek, Eielson AFB, Alaska (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-76/14
    In: CRREL Report, 76-14
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: At the height of warm weather in Alaska in 1975, temperature measurements were made to determine the extent of the thermal impact on French Creek due to a condenser cooling water impact from the Eielson AFB Power plant. Water temperature measurements during a two-day period failed to show any significant thermal impact on the water in French Creek. It was concluded that no thermal pollution exists due to this warm water input at the volumes and conditions that presently exist.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: ii, 5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 76-14
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6222
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: AWI Archiv
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  • 113
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    Evaluation of MESL membrane : puncture, stiffness, temperature, solvents (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-76/22
    In: CRREL Report, 76-22
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Several membrane materials used or considered for MESL (membrane-enveloped soil layer) utilization of poor soils in road construction have been tested for cold effect on puncture and stiffness. PE (polyethylene) film was also tested for solvent soak effects. A simple blunt needle apparatus was devised for puncture testing. For plastic films (mainly PE), both puncture resistance and stiffness increase at low temperature (0 F, -18 C). For non-woven, spunbonded fabrics these properties are little affected by cold. For both non-wovens and PE film, puncture and bending strengths increase linearly with weight or thickness. The slope is steeper for the non-wovens, which generally are stronger on a per unit weight basis. PE film soaked in a hydrocarbon solvent swelled approximately 17% and lost about 30-40% its puncture strength. These effects are apparently reversible upon drying. Consideration has been given to sealing and patching requirements and to the drying of sealant liquids when adhering film to film. Also considered have been pos­sible slippage related to the reported low angle of friction of plastic films in soil and the possibility of lamination for improved membrane properties.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: v, 60 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 76-22
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6187
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Introduction Experimental Materials Apparatus Procedure Results Discussion PE solvent soak and swelling PE solvent soak and puncture Film puncture rate effect Bending orientation Comparative tables and graphs Puncture and temperature Bending and temperature Test result vs thickness and weight General considerations Conclusion and recommendations Literature cited Appendix Detailed data tables Denier explanation
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  • 114
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
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    Interpretation of the tensile strength of ice under triaxial stresses (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-76/5
    In: CRREL Report, 76-5
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Griffith, and later Babel, have previously developed a tensile fracture criterion for a two-dimensional state of stress. This theory is extended to the compression-compression region. From this theory the angle of fracture is developed. The theory is extended conceptually to three dimensions. Triaxial test data by Haynes for snow-ice are shown in this three-dimensional fracture theory. The test data are slightly less than those predicted when the void in the snow-ice is spherical.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iii, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 76-5
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6171
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: AWI Archiv
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  • 115
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    Effects of radiation penetration on snowmelt runoff hydrographs (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-76/11
    In: CRREL Report, 76-11
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Water flow through the unsaturated portion of a snowpack is calculated using various assumptions about radiation penetration into the snow. The results show that for the purposes of hydrologic forecasting, it is sufficiently ac­curate to assume that all of the radiation absorption occurs at the surface. The error in the calculation of flow is largest for very shallow snowpacks, but this error is reduced by radiation absorption at the base of the snow and by the routing of meltwater through the saturated basal layer.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: v, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 76-11
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6186
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Conversion factors for U.S. customary and SI units Introduction Theory Examples Discussion Literature cited
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  • 116
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Thickness and roughness variations of Arctic multiyear sea ice (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: ZSP-201-76/18
    In: CRREL Report, 76-18
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Three surface elevation and ice thickness profiles obtained during the 1972 Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment on a multiyear ice floe were analyzed to obtain relationships between surface elevation, thickness and physical properties of the ice. It was found that for ice freeboards from 0.10 m to 1.05 m above sea level a linear relationship between ice density and freeboard could be postulated. The equation for the regression line is: Ice density = -194f' + 974 kg/cu m where f' is the ice freeboard plus snow depth in ice equivalent at the point in question. This statistical relationship is consistent with observed physical properties, which indicate that as the ice freeboard increases, ice salinity decreases and the higher freeboard or thicker ice therefore decreases in density. Using this variable density with freeboard relationship, a model was constructed to predict ice thickness, given ice freeboard and snow depth alone. This prediction is desirable, since snow depth and freeboard are relatively easy to obtain, whereas ice thickness can usually be obtained only by drilling through the ice. The model was compared with two other models. It was found that the variable density prediction model gave the best approximation to observed ice thickness, with a standard error between the measured and predicted value of about 0.4 m, compared with errors from 50 to 100% higher for the other two models.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: v, 25 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 76-18
    URL: Abstract
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Previous work Results Models for predicting thickness from ice freeboard Comparison between measured and predicted thicknesses Spectral behavior of measured and predicted profiles Comparisons of ice thickness using airborne laser profilometry Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Misgivings on isostatic imbalance as a mechanism for sea ice cracking
    Standort: AWI Archiv
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  • 117
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Radiometric survey between Scoresby Sund and Hold with Hope, central East Greenland (1976)
    Koebenhavn : Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: ZSP-683-76
    In: Rapport = Report
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Airborne gamma-spectrometry and subsequent radiometric field investigations in central East Greenland have revealed a number of areas of above average radioactivity and a number of radioactive anomalies within these areas. These areas can be divided geologically into: pre-Caledonian crystalline basement, late and post-Caledonian plutonic rocks, Tertiary plutons and areas of intensive faulting and shearing. Areas bordering continental sedimentary formations are envisaged as potential host rocks for epigenetic uranium mineralization. The spectrometer system applied, with the detector volume of 3.7 litres, does not completely satisfy a quantitative evaluation of the spectrometric data recorded and a distinction between major rock units is only possible from the gross channel count rates.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: 44 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Serie: The Geological Survey of Greenland : Report 76
    Sprache: Englisch
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
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  • 118
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    Bibliographie zur Antarktisforschung der DDR : 1959 - 1979 (1979)
    Potsdam : Zentralinst. für Physik d. Erde
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    Signatur: AWI P6-09-0024
    In: Mitteilungen des Zentralinstituts für Physik der Erde
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 26 S.
    Serie: Mitteilungen des Zentralinstituts für Physik der Erde 850
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 119
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    Geowriting : a guide to writing, editing, and printing in earth science (1979)
    Falls Church : American Geological Inst.
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: M 93.0008
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 79 S.
    ISBN: 0913312134
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 120
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    Geochemical exploration methods for minerals deposits (1977)
    Wilmette : Applied Publishing Ltd.
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: M 93.0018 ; M 93.0018
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: X, 287 S. : Ill.
    ISBN: 0915834030
    Originaltitel: Geochimiceskie methody poiskov ...
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 121
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    Praktikum der Gesteinsanalyse : chemisch-instrumentelle Methoden zur Bestimung der Hauptkomponenten ; mit 24 Tabellen (1975)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: G 5859 2. Ex. ; 9676 ; M 93.0185
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: VII, 204 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 3540073515
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 122
    Monographie ausleihbar
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    Erdbebenforschung : 10 Jahre Seismologisches Zentralobservatiorium Gräfenberg (1976)
    Boppard : Boldt
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: 93.0269
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 56 S.
    ISBN: 3764616555
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 123
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Economic mineral deposits (1979)
    New York [u.a.] : Wiley
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: M 93.0228
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: VIII, 593 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Ausgabe: 3. ed.
    ISBN: 0471017698
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 124
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    The early history of the earth : based on the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Instiute held at the University of Leicester [U.K.], 5-11 April 1975 (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: M 93.0116
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: IX, 619 S. : Ill.
    ISBN: 0471014885
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 125
    Monographie ausleihbar
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    Geologie und Minerallagerstätten des Harzes : mit 37 Tabellen (1978)
    Stuttgart : Schweizerbart
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: G 7594
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: VI, 387 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. + 4 Faltbeil., 2 Übersichtstaf.
    ISBN: 3510650824
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 126
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Nuclear methods in mineral exploration and production (1977)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Dazugehörige Bände
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    Signatur: 9/M 93.0208/7
    In: Developments in economic geology
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: XI, 280 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 044441567X
    Serie: Developments in economic geology 7
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Lesesaal
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  • 127
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Physical methods in determinative mineralogy (1977)
    London [u.a.] : Acad. Press
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: G 7746 ; M 93.0213
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: XIV, 720 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Ausgabe: 2. ed.
    ISBN: 0127829601
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 128
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    Monographie ausleihbar
    Depositional sedimentary environments : with reference to terrigenous clastics (1975)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: M 93.0223
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: XVI, 439 S. : zahlr. Ill.
    Ausgabe: corr. repr. of the 1. ed.
    ISBN: 3540073779
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 129
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Rechnerische Abschätzung der Vertikalverteilung von Immissionskonzentrationen : FE-Bericht (1979)
    Radebeul : Meteorol. Dienst der DDR, MOW
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: MOP 44842 / DG
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 71 S. : 30 cm
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Standort: MOP - Bitte bestellen
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  • 130
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Thermodynamics properties of minerals and related substances at 298.15 K and 1 Bar 〈10 exp.5 Pascal〉 pressure and at higher temperatures : a summary of the thermodynamic data for minerals at 298.15 K together with calculated values for the functions ... (1979)
    Washington : United States Government Print. Office
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: M 93.0224
    In: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 456 S.
    Ausgabe: repr. with corr.
    Serie: Bulletin / U.S. Geological Survey 1452
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
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  • 131
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Volcanic processes in ore genesis : proceedings of a joint meeting of the Volcanic Studies Group of the Geological Society of London and the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, held in London on 21 and 22 January 1976 (1977)
    London : The Institiution of Mining and Metallurgy; The Geological Society
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: M 93.0242
    In: (DE-B103)41191, Special publications / the Geological Society, London
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Subsurface aspects of the ore-forming process can be described in terms of standard chemical transport parameters such as T-P gradients, mineral solubilities, solvent chemistry and volume, diffusion parameters and energy flow. These necessary factors are rather easily assessed by geochemical, isotopic and structural studies. If deposition is in the surface environment, a complex array of factors will determine the success of the natural concentration process and the chances of preservation of a deposit. Basically, most large-scale ore-forming processes involve large fluid volumes and energy sources. Many environments where these requirements are met, the modern ocean ridge and the subduction environment, are still not well understood. The need for remote-sensing techniques in the submarine environment is stressed.
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: VI, 188 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 0900488336
    Serie: Special publications / the Geological Society, London 7
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.01
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.01
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Articles Introductory remarks on the transport problem W. S. Fyfe https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.01 Model of hydrothermal ore genesis J. W. Elder https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.02 Identification of ore-deposition environment from trace-element geochemistry of associated igneous host rocks J. A. Pearce and G. H. Gale https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.03 Identification of the origin of oreforming solutions by the use of stable isotopes S. M. F. Sheppard https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.04 Hydrogen and oxygen isotope evidence for sea-water-hydrothermal alteration and ore deposition, Troodos complex, Cyprus T. H. E. Heaton and S. M. F. Sheppard https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.05 Hydrodynamic model for the origin of the ophiolitic cupriferous pyrite ore deposits of Cyprus E. T. C. Spooner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.06 Origin and emplacement of ophiolites I. G. Gass https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.07 Hydrothermal alteration of the basaltic lavas of the Troodos Ophiolite Complex associated with the formation of the massive sulphide deposits G. Constantinou https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.08 Rare-earth element evidence for the genesis of the metalliferous sediments of Troodos, Cyprus A. H. F. Robertson and A. J. Fleet https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.09 Modern submarine hydrothermal mineralization: examples from Santorini and the Red Sea D. S. Cronan, P. A. Smith, and R. D. Bignell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.10 Mineralization at destructive plate boundaries: a brief review M. S. Garson and A. H. G. Mitchell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.11 Porphyry copper deposits J. P. Hunt https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.12 Metallic mineralization affiliated to subaerial volcanism: a review R. H. Sillitoe https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.13 Igneous geology and the evolution of hydrothermal systems in some sub-volcanic tin deposits of Bolivia J. N. Grant, C. Halls, W. Avila, and G. Avila https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.14 Occurrence, origin and significance of mechanically transported sulphide ores at Buchans, Newfoundland J. G. Thurlow https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.15 Geological setting of the Skorovas orebody within the allochthonous volcanic stratigraphy of the Gjersvik Nappe, central Norway C. Halls, A. Reinsbakken, I. Ferriday, A. Haugen, and A. Rankin https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.16 The Planes-San Antonio pyritic deposit of Rio Tinto, Spain: its nature, environment and genesis D. Williams, R. L. Stanton, and F. Rambaud https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.17 Kuroko deposits: their geology, geochemistry and origin Takeo Sato https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.18 Stable isotope studies on Bougainville and in Matupi Harbour, New Britain, Papua New Guinea J. H. Ford, D. C. Green, J. R. Hulston, I. H. Crick, and S. M. F. Sheppard https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.19 Volcanogenic mineralization at Avoca, Co. Wicklow, Ireland, and its regional implications J. W. Platt https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.20 Discussion https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1977.007.01.21
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
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  • 132
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    Monographie ausleihbar
    Au, U, Fe, Mn, Hg, Sb, W, and P deposits; Vol. 7. (1976)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: 11/M 93.0094/7
    In: Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits ; part II
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: xii, 656 S.
    ISBN: 044441407X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Lesesaal
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 133
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    Resources and systems (1979)
    Milton Keynes
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: 93.0257/1
    Seiten: 52 S.
    Serie: The Open University. Science: A second level course. The earth's physical resources. S 266 , Block 1
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 134
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    Energy resources (1979)
    Milton Keynes
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: 93.0257/2
    Seiten: 172 S.
    Serie: The Open University. Science: A second level course. S 266 , Block 2
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 135
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    Porphyry copper case study (1976)
    Milton Keynes : The Open University Press
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: 93.0258
    Seiten: 80 S.
    Serie: The Open University. Science: A third level course. Earth schience topics and methods , S 333PC
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 136
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Geochemical exploration 1974 : Proceedings of the Fifth International Geochemical Exploration Symposium held in Vancouver, B.C., Canada, April 1-4, 1974 (1975)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Dazugehörige Bände
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    Signatur: 9/M 93.0187/1
    In: Developments in economic geology
    In: Association of Exploration Geochemists: Special publication
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: XI, 720 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0444412808
    Serie: Developments in economic geology 1) (Association of Exploration Geochemists special Publication 2
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Lesesaal
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  • 137
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    2,1. Elements H(1) to Al(13) (1978)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
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    Signatur: 10/M 93.0251A/2
    In: Handbook of geochemistry
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: Losebl.-Ausg.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Lesesaal
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  • 138
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    2,2. Elements Si(14) to V(23) (1978)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
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    Signatur: 10/M 93.0251/3
    In: Handbook of geochemistry
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: Losebl.-Ausg.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Lesesaal
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  • 139
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    2,4. Elements Kr(36) to Ba(56) (1978)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
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    Signatur: 10/M 93.0251/5
    In: Handbook of geochemistry
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: Losebl.-Ausg.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Lesesaal
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 140
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    Grundlagen und Anwendungen; Bd. 2. (1976)
    Dazugehörige Bände
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    Signatur: G 7061/2 ; M 93.0009 ; G 7248/2
    In: Analytische Geochemie
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: IX, 374 S. : graph. Darst.
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 141
    Monographie ausleihbar
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    Thermodynamics in geology : proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute ; held in Oxford, England, September 17-27, 1976 (1977)
    Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: G 7276 ; 4/M 93.0215
    In: NATO ASI series
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: XII, 410 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9027707944
    Serie: NATO ASI series : C, Mathematical and physical sciences 30
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Standort: Lesesaal
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 142
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    Monographie ausleihbar
    Trace elements in igneous petrology : a volume in memory of Paul W. Gast (1978)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
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    Signatur: M 93.0154/5 ; 11/G 9206
    In: Developments in petrology
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: XI, 272 S.
    ISBN: 0444416587
    Serie: Developments in petrology 5
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Standort: Lesesaal
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  • 143
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    Monographie ausleihbar
    2,3. Elements Cr(24) to Br(35) (1978)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
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    Signatur: 10/M 93.0251/4
    In: Handbook of geochemistry
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: Losebl.-Ausg.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Lesesaal
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  • 144
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    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Sea ice ridging over the Alaskan continental shelf (1979)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-79/8
    In: CRREL Report, 79-8
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Sea ice ridging statistics obtained from a series of laser surface roughnessprofiles are examined. Each set of profiles consists of six 200-km-long flight tracks oriented approximately perpendicular to the coastline of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. The landward ends of the profiles were located at Point Lay, Wainwright, Barrow, Lonely, Cross Island and Barter Island. The flights were made in February, April, August, and December 1976, and one additional profile was obtained north of Cross Island during March 1978. It was found that although there is a systematic variation in mean ridge height (h) with season (with the highest values occurring in late winter), there is no systematic spatial variation in h at a given time. The number of ridges/km (micron) is also high during the late winter, with the highest values occurring in the Barter and Cross Island profiles . In most profiles, the ice 20 to 60 km from the coast is more highly deformed (higher micron values) than the ice either nearer the coast or farther seaward. The Wadhams model for the distribution of ridge heights gives better agreement with observed values in the higher ridge categories than does the Hibler model. Estimates of the spatial recurrence frequency of large pressure ridges are made by using the Wadhams model and also by using an extreme value approach. In the latter, the distribution of the lagest ridges per 20 km of laser track was found to be essentially normal
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iv, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 79-8
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9015
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Data collection and processing Analysis General Variations in ridging Ridge height distributions Occurrence of high ridges The tail of the distribution Extreme values Applications to offshore design Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Tabulated ice ridge data
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  • 145
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    Tundra disturbances and recovery following the 1949 exploratory drilling, Fish Creek, northern Alaska (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/28
    In: CRREL Report, 78-28
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: x, 112 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-28
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9460
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Descriptions of road test sections Test equipment and procedures Field repetitive plate bearing tests Data analysis General Layered-elastic analysis of the pavement systems Statistical analysis Flexural analysis Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Resilient surface deflections for the test points
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  • 146
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    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Study of water drainage from columns of snow (1979)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-79/1
    In: CRREL Report, 79-1
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Experiments were conducted to study the flow of water through columns of homogeneous, repacked snow. The gravity flow theory of water flow through snow was verified, although possibly there is some dependence of the relative permeability on the state of metamorphism of the snow. Also, at very large values of saturation there may be some additional flow in saturated channels.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iv, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 79-1
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9017
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Preface Symbols Introduction Test procedure Theory Evaluation of the experimental results Example evaluation Results and discussion Literature cited Appendix A. Measured and computed discharge
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  • 147
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    Effect of water content on the compressibility of snow-water mixtures (1979)
    Hannover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-79/2
    In: CRREL Report, 79-2
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The stress-density relaionships of snow-water mixtures were investigated and are shown as functions of water content, initial snow density, initial snow-water mixture density and rate of deformation. An increase in water content in snow at a particular density or a decrease in the rate of deformation (or strain rate) decreases the stress, but apparently not the specific energy required to reach a specific mixture density.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: v, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 79-2
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9306
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Description of study Sample preparation Test equipment and procedure Test sample characteristics Discussion of results Data presentation format Effect of water content and mixture density Effect of water content and initial snow density Effect of deformation rate Effect of water content and rate of deformation on specific energy Summary Literature cited Appendix A. Derivation of equations Appendix B. Load-deformation traces
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  • 148
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    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Performance of the St. Marys River ice booms, 1976-1977 (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/24
    In: CRREL Report, 78-24
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: v, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-24
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9383
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Comparison of winters Ship effects Measured forces Sequential breaking of the structure Discussion Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Force level fluctuations in west ice boom, 20 January 1977
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  • 149
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    Influence of freezing and thawing on the resilient properties of a silt soil beneath an asphalt concrete pavement (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/23
    In: CRREL Report, 78-23
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: vi, 53 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-23
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9380
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Conversion factors: Metric (SI) to U.S. customary units of measurement Introduction Selection of experimental approach Previous investigations of effect of freeze-thaw on soil deform ability Selection of laboratory test method Selection of method of field validation tests Field repeated-load plate-bearing tests Test pavements, soils and materials Test procedures and results Resilient modulus of subgrade calculated from field tests Mathematical model Characterization of asphalt concrete Characterization of frozen silt Calculated resilient modulus of silt within the zone of freezing Laboratory repeated-load triaxial tests Specimens, equipment and testing procedures Apparatus Procedures Resilient properties calculated from laboratory tests Calculation methods Asphalt concrete - test results Asphalt concrete - statistical analysis and discussion Silt - test results Silt - statistical analysis Discussion and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Repeated-load plate-bearing test results Appendix B. Laboratory repeated-load triaxial test results Appendix C. Regression equation coefficients for resilient modulus and Poisson’s ratio from repeated-load triaxial test data on asphalt concrete and silt Appendix D. Detailed procedures for repeated-load triaxial testing
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  • 150
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    Primary production in sea ice of the Weddell region (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/19
    In: CRREL Report, 78-19
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iv, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-19
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9389
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Previous work Methods and results Methods of analysis Salinity-chlorophyll a associations Discussion Comparison of ice and water column standing crops Estimated mass of ice associated chl. a Mechanism of ice algae formation in the Weddell Sea Differences between the biological environments of fast and drifting pack ice Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Species variations - ice and water column
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  • 151
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    The buckling pressure of an elastic plate floating on water and stressed uniformly along the periphery of an internal hole (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/14
    In: CRREL Report, 78-14
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The analytical solution and the numerical study of the eigenvalue problem for determining the buckling pressure of an infinite elastic plate floating on water and stressed uniformly along the periphery of an internal hole is presented. The boundary conditions considered are the clamped-, simple-, and free-edge conditions. Small buckling pressure occurs only for the free-edge condition. The shape of the deflection for the free-edge condition suggests that buckling is an important mechanism of failure.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: v, 55 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-14
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9401
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction 1. The problem 2. Abstract of the result Part I. Fundamental solutions 3. Fuchsian type solutions 4. Contour integral solution 5. Integration of the integral solution 6. Fundamental solutions for α = 1 7. Fundamental solutions for α = 0 8. Eigenvalues for α = 0 9. Fundamental solutions for α 〉 1 Part II. Asymptotic expansions 10. Asymptotic expansion for 0 〈 α ⩽1 11. Asymptotic expansion for 1 ≦ α ≦ 2 12. Asymptotic expansion for 2 ≦ α ≦ ∞ Part III. Eigenvalues 13. Range of eigenvalues 14. Eigenvalues for the free-edge condition 15. Eigenvalues for the clamped-edge and simple-edge conditions 16. Deflection Acknowledgement Literature cited Appendix A. Analytical continuation at the singular point Appendix B. Tensorial transformations Appendix C. Comparison of the semi-infinite plate buckling with the asymptotic buckling
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  • 152
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    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Repetitive loading tests on membrane-enveloped road sections during freeze-thaw cycles (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/12
    In: CRREL Report, 78-12
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Road test sections of membrane-enveloped silt and clay soils overlain with asphalt cement concrete were subjected to repetitive dynamic plate-bearing loadings to determine their strength variations during freeze-thaw cycles. The recoverable surface deformations in the load deflection bowl were continuously measured during the loading cycles and analyzed using the Chevron layered elastic computer program to obtain the in situ resilient deformation modulus of the various section layers at different stages of the freeze-thaw cycles. The resilient stiffness of the pavement system (the total load per unit of resilient load plate deflection) was also calculated for the various freeze-thaw conditions. The modulus values of the asphalt cement concrete varied inversely with its temperature by an order of magnetide (90,000 psi to 1,300,000 psi). The resilient stiffness of the pavement system varied in the same manner by nearly a factor of eight (228.4 kips/in. to 1740.2 kips/in.). Despite the wide strength variations of the sections during freeze-thaw cycles, membrane-enveloped fine-grained soils can be utilized instead of granular materials as base and subbase layers in flexible pavements in cold regions where moisture migration is a major concern. Moisture migration did not occur at saturation levels up to 75%, thus there was no strength loss during thawing.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: v, 24 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-12
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9404
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S.customary to metric units of measurement Introduction Freeze-thaw system Construction materials Controlled environment test section Outdoor sections Temperature monitoring instrumentation Repetitive plate bearing test apparatus Test results and analyses Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 153
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    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Preferred crystal orientations in the fast ice along the margins of the Arctic Ocean (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/13
    In: CRREL Report, 78-13
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Field observations of the growth fabrics of the fast and near-fast ice along the coasts of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas show that, at depths of more than 60 cm below the upper ice surface, the sea ice crystals show striking alignments within the horizontal plane. At one site this alignment was well developed at a depth of 15 cm and in all cases the degree of preferred orientation increased with depth, with the strongest orientations occurring at the bottom of the ice sheet. In general the c-axes of the crystals were aligned roughly E-W parallel to the coast. In the vicinity of islands the alignment roughly paralleled the outlines of the islands and in narrow passes between islands the alignment paralleled the channel. Our observations, as well as similar observations made in the Kara Sea by Cherepanov, can be explained if it is assumed that the c-axes of the crystals are aligned parallel to the 'long-term' current direction at the sea ice/sea water interface. The alignments are believed to be the result of geometric selection among the growing crystals, with the most favored orientation being that in which the current flows normal to the (0001) plates of ice that make up the dendritic ice/water interface characteristics of sea ice. It is hypothesized that current flow in this direction reduces the thickness of the solute boundary layer as well as the salinity in the liquid at the interface. This lowered salinity allows crystals in the favored orientation to extend farther into the melt than neighboring crystals with less favored orientations. In addition the current tends to induce a continuous flux of supercooled seawater against the sides of the crystals that extend ahead of the interface.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: v, 29 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-13
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9402
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Locale and techniques Observations Vertical variations in crystal orientation Regional variations in crystal orientation Summary of observations Causes Initial ice skim Earth’s magnetic field Currents Conclusions and consequences Literature cited
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  • 154
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    Heat transfer over a vertical melting plate (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-77/32
    In: CRREL Report, 77-32
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: An experimental study of forced convective heat transfer over a vertical melting plate has been conducted. This study covers water velocities ranging from 1.7 to 9.8 mm/s and bulk water temperatures from 1.11 to 7.50 C. The experimental results are correlated in terms of Nusselt, Prandtl and Reynolds numbers with a moderate correlation coefficient of 0.843. The results are expected to be useful in predicting the heat transfer characteristics of a much larger prototype ice-water heat sink.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: v, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 77-32
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9426
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Summary Introduction Problem General review of the subject Experimental apparatus General considerations Water reservoir Test chamber assembly Pumping system Electrical control system Experimental procedure Experimental results Discussion and comparison of results Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 155
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    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Some elements of iceberg technology (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/2
    In: CRREL Report, 78-2
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Many of the technical questions relating to iceberg transport are given brief, but quantitative, consideration. These include iceberg genesis and properties, the mechanical stability of icebergs at sea, towing forces and tug characteristics, drag coefficients, ablation rates, and handling and processing the iceberg at both the pick-up site and at the final destination. In particular the paper attempts to make technical information on glaciological and ice engineering aspects of the problem more readily available to the interested planner or engineer. Specific conclusions include: (1) No unprotected iceberg, no matter how long or wide, would be likely to survive the ablation caused by a long trip to low latitudes. (2) Icebergs that have a horizontal dimension exceeding 2 km may well be prone to breakup by long wavelength swells. (3) To avoid the dangers associated with an iceberg capsizing, the width of a 200-m thick iceberg should always be more than 300 m. (4) For towing efficiency the length/width ratio of a towed iceberg should be appreciably greater than unity. (5) For a pilot project, the selected iceberg would have to be quite small, if for no other reason than the practical availability of tug power.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: v, 31 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-2
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9421
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Sources and properties of tabular icebergs Sources Characteristics of ice shelves near the ice front Characteristics of tabular icebergs Towing Geophysical and engineering considerations Tug characteristics Handling and processing Cutting and boring with thermal devices Penetration with electrothermal devices Electrothermal cutting Making vertical cuts by pre-split blasting Primary fragmentation by blasting Primary fragmentation by mechanical sawing Comminuting ice with machines Slurry pipelines Conclusion Literature cited
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  • 156
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    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Detection of moisture in construction materials (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-77/25
    In: CRREL Report, 77-25
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Results of a study to determine the feasibility of using an impulse radar to detect moisture variations in the built-up roof at CRREL and to monitor the curing of concrete are presented. The results indicate that impulse radar can be used to detect wide variations in roof moisture associated with built-up roof surface deterioration and that this technique has the potential of providing a nondestructive test method for measuring the strength of concrete during curing.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iv, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 77-25
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA045353
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9498
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric units of measurement Introduction Impulse radar system Results and discussion Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Relative locations where impulse radar measurements were made andsamples for moisture determinations were obtained on the CRREL roof Impulse radar signal reflected from metal sheet resting on roof Impulse radar signal reflection from roof at station A Impulse radar surface reflection coefficient versus moisture contentofroof Impulse radar signal reflection from aluminum foil on bottom of con-crete form and from aluminum sheet metal resting on top of form Unconfined compressive strength of concrete versus time Examples of X-Y plots of impulse radar signals obtained during thesounding of concrete slab Impulse radar signal reflection coefficients versus time for acuring concrete slab Calculated impulse radar signal attenuation in concrete slab versuselapsed time Dielectric constants versus time calculated from impulse radar signalInformation obtained during curing of concrete slab Unconfined compressive strength of concrete versus corrected reflec-tion coefficient calculated from impulse radar signal data obtainedduring the curing of concrete slab TABLES Comparison of roof moisture content with radar surface reflection coefficient and dielectric constant
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  • 157
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    Observations of the ultraviolet spectral reflectance of snow (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-77/27
    In: CRREL Report, 77-27
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The spectral reflectance of natural snow in the range of 0.20- to about 0.40-micrometers wavelengths was studied in the laboratory using both continuous spectral scanning and fixed bandpass measurements. White barium sulfate pressed powder was used as a standard for comparison. The reflectance of fresh snow was found to be very high (usually nearly 100%) and only weakly wavelength dependent from 0.24 micrometers to the visible range. In the 0.20- to 0.24-micrometers portion of the spectrum, the reflectance was found to be quite erratic. Possible reasons for the irregularities in reflectance measurements are discussed.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: v, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 77-27
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9499
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Experimental procedure Snow collection Spectrophotometric methods Data analysis Potential sources of error Presentation of results Continuous-scan measurements Comparison of sequential bandpass and continuous-scan measurements Theoretical calculations Discussion of results Differences in amplitude of reflectance measurements Irregularities in the shape of spectral reflectance curves The true spectral reflectance of snow in the ultraviolet region Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Absolute reflectance values of pressed BaSO4 powder
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  • 158
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    Collaboration of architect and behavioral scientist in research (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-77/23
    In: CRREL Report, 77-23
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This report discusses the relationship between an architect and a behavioral scientist. Some of the discussion applies to this cooperative work for design of buildings. The bulk, however, relates to the cooperation of architect and behavioral scientist while conducting research. Examples from collaborative research at Alaskan military installations are cited which demonstrate the roles and contributions of the two disciplines.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: 8 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 77-23
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA045418
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 159
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    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Mechanics of cutting and boring; Part VI: dynamics and energetics of transverse rotation machines (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-77/19
    In: CRREL Report, 77-19
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, Part VI
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract: The report deals with forces and power levels in cutting machines having adisc or drum that rotates about an axis perpendicular to the direction of advance. The forces on individual cutting tools are related to position on the rotor and to characteristics such as tool layout, rotor speed, rotor size, machine advance speed, and rotor torque. Integration leads to expressions for force components acting on the rotor axis, taking into account tool characteristics, cutting depth of the rotor, and rotor torque. These provide estimates of tractive thrust and thrust normal to the primary free surface. For self-propelled machines, this leads to considerations of traction, normal reaction, weight and balance, and power/weight ratios. Specific energy consumption is analyzed and related to machine characteristics and strength ofthe material being cut. Power per unit working area is discussed, and data for existing machines are summarized. Power requirements for ejection ofcuttings are analyzed, and the hydrodynamic resistance on underwater cuttings is treated. A number of worked examples are given to illustrate the principles discussed in the report.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: vii, 36 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 77-19
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9518
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Foreword Introduction Terminology Forces on individual cutters Torque force and tool force Forces on the rotor axis Tractive thrust and down thrust Alternative tool force formulations Vehicle traction Power/weight ratio Weight and balance Force, torque, speed and power Specific energy Efficiency and performance index Power density Power requirements for ejection of cuttings Hydrodynamic resistance in underwater cutting
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  • 160
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    Ice arching and the drift of pack ice through restricted channels (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: ZSP-201-77/18
    In: CRREL Report, 77-18
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract: Models originally developed to describe the arching and the movement of granular materials through hoppers or chutes are applied to the arching and drift of pack ice in straits and gulfs having lengths of 50 to 500 km. Verification of the usefulness of the models is attempted by making comparisons with ice deformation patterns as observed via satellite imagery in the Bering Strait region and in Amundsen Gulf. The results are encouraging in that there is good correspondence between observed arching and lead patterns and those predicted by theory. In addition, values determined via the model for the angle of internal friction (≈ 30° to 35°) and the cohesive strength per unit thickness (≈ 2000 N/m) are similar to values obtained by other approaches. It is estimated that if the wind velocity parallel to the Bering Strait exceeds ≈ 6 m/s, there will be ice flow through the strait.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iii, 11 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 77-18
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9517
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Theory Limiting span of an arch Flow of pack ice through converging channels Stoppage of flow Applications St. Lawrence Amundsen Gulf Bering Strait Conclusion References
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  • 161
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    Mechanics of cutting and boring; Part IV: dynamics and energetics of parallel motion tools (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-77/7
    In: CRREL Report, 77-7
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, IV
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The report deals with the cutting of rock and similar materials by parallel motion tools. It examines cutting forces and energy requirements, taking into consideration tool geometry, wear, operating conditions, and material properties. After an introductory discussion of terminology, some general principles are outlined, and relevant theoretical ideas on metal cutting and rock cutting are reviewed. The next section, which is the heart of the report, reviews experimental data on the magnitudes and directions of cutting forces. There is a graphical compilation of data, including some from obscure or unpublished sources. The variables covered include chipping depth, rake angle, relief angle, side rake, base angle, tool width, tool compliance, tool speed, tool wear, tool interactions, and material properties. The second major part of the report treats the energetics of cutting. It begins with a short discussion of relevant principles, and continues with a compilation and review of experimental data, covering the same independent variables as the force section. The report ends with a concise summary of general behavior for parallel motion tools.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: xi, 85 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 77-7
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9485
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Foreword Introduction Terminology Principles of cutting Forces acting on a single cutter Theoretical Ideas on cutting Experimental data on cutting forces Effect of chipping depth on tool forces Effect of rake angle on tool forces Effect of relief angle on cutting forces Effect of side rake on tool forces Effect of base angle or face profile on tool forces Effect of rounding at the cutting edge Effect of tool width on cutting forces Tool compliance and force fluctuations Effect of tool speed on cutting forces Effect of rock properties on cutting forces Tool interaction and kerf spacing Effect of multiple pass cutting on tool forces Effect of tool wear on cutting forces Development of wear Energetics of cutting Energetics of parallel-motion tools Variation of specific energy with chipping depth for a single tool Effect of rake angle on specific energy Effect of relief angle on specific energy Effect of side rake on specific energy Effect of base angle or face profile on specific energy Effect of tip radius on specific energy Effect of tool width on specific energy Effect of tool speed on specific energy Variation of specific energy with rock properties Effect of kerf spacing on specific energy Effect of multiple pass cutting on specific energy Effect of tool wear on specific energy General summary Literature cited Appendix Α. Additional data for ice Appendix Β. Conversion factors: U.S. customary and metric units of measurement
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  • 162
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    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    The Arctic environment and the Arctic surface effect vehicle (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-76/1
    In: CRREL Report, 76-1
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This report summarizes the advances in understanding of the Arctic which have come about since the inception of the ARPA Arctic Surface Effect Vehicle Program in 1970, primarily as the result of CRREL’s participation. Major efforts to increase knowledge of sea ice, terrestrial, and coastal topographic features are described. Special empha­sis is placed upon the quantitative understanding of pressure ridging. Other areas of major interest are atmospheric characteristics and ecological effects. A list of publications generated is included.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iv, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 76-1
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6018
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Sea ice characteristics Ridging intensity Arctic terrain characteristics databank Digital terrain maps Digital laser profiles Standard terrain tapes Mobility analysis Terrestrial and coastal characteristics Northern Alaska Interior Alaska Arctic USSR Northern Canada and Greenland Climatological characteristics General features Surface winds Temperatures Precipitation and visibility Electromagnetic/optical propagation Ecological effects of SEV operations SK-5 tests Simulated SEV tests Conclusions Literature cited Additional CRREL SEV Bibliography
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  • 163
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    Survey of design criteria for harbors and channels in cold regions : an annotated bibliography (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Bände
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-76/3
    In: CRREL Report, 76-3
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: A world-wide review of the literature applicable to the design of harbors and channels in cold regions was conducted. Forces due to ice movement present the dominant factor in the design of marine structures in cold regions. Expressions for calculating the ice force are presented. Other factors relating to design criteria such as construction materials, structure geometry, and methods of ice suppression are discussed.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iii, 32 Seiten
    Serie: CRREL Report 76-3
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA025225
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: AWI Archiv
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  • 164
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Water flow through veins in ice (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: ZSP-201-76/6
    In: CRREL Report, 76-6
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Water flow through the vein structure of temperate ice is described as Darbian flow in which the pressure gradient is determined from vein size and overburden pressure. A solution method for the resulting equation is given and two special cases are considered. For steady flow the equilibrium vein size is a function of depth and, by neglecting the effects of diffusion, it is shown that flow perturbations introduced at the surface propagate downward at a constant speed.These perturbations propagate so slowly that even annual surface fluctuations of flow may be eliminated by diffusion before reaching the bottom of the glacie
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iii, 5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 76-6
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6136
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: AWI Archiv
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  • 165
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    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Site access for a subarctic research effort (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: ZSP-201-76/9
    In: CRREL Report, 76-9
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Access to study areas may be an important factor in long-term field-oriented research, particularly in-regions without well-developed road and communications systems. In a wildland hydrometeorology research project in subarctic Alaska, access to and within a 40-square-mile research watershed has been developed both in accordance with a general plan prepared at project inception and in response to developing research requirements. Foot trails, trails for 'off-road' low-ground-pressure tracked vehicles, helicopter transport, long-term data recorders, and radio telemetry of data have all been incorporated in an access and communications system. Cost estimates indicate that incorporation of gravel roads into the system would be economically advantageous, given adequate funding for initial road construction.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iv, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 76-9
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA026624
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Contents Abstract Preface Conversion factors for U.S. customary and SI units Introduction Access within the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed Trail access Helicopter access Road access Alternative approaches Long-term recorders Telemetry systems Remote sensing Relative costs A desirable system Selected bibliography
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  • 166
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    Mechanics of cutting and boring; Part II: Kinematics of axial rotation machines (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-76/16
    In: CRREL Report, 76-16
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, (DE-B103)20210225152525
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This report, which is one of a series on the mechanics of cutting and boring in rock, deals with the kinematics of machines such as rotary drills, augers, tunnel boring machines, corers, and raise borers, in which the rotary cutting unit revolves about an axis that is parallel to the machine's direction of advance. The discussion and analysis cover the geometry and motion of various components of the cutting systems, including such topics as tool trajectories, tool speeds, motions of the more complicated mechanisms, chipping depth, penetration rates, production and clearance of cuttings, tool angles, and spatial distribution of cutters. Worked examples are given to illustrate the application of various equations to practical problems.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: ix, 45 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 76-16
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/5413
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Foreword Terminology Trajectories of fixed tools Trajectories of roller cutters and indenters Speed of fixed cutting tools Speed of rolling disc cutters Speed and geometry of "wide" roller cutters Skidding rollers "Spiked" rollers Epicyclic or planetary mechanisms Chipping depth and penetration rate Chip production and cutting removal rate Balancing cutting and clearing rates in flight augers Tool relief angles - kinematic considerations Tool rake angles Distribution and spacing of cutting tools Radial tool spacing Angular tool spacing Spacing in the axial direction Literature cited
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  • 167
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    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Apparent anomaly in freezing of ordinary water (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-76/20
    In: CRREL Report, 76-20
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Under ordinary conditions the freezing of water begins with supercooling and ice nucleation, and proceeds at 0°C at the ice/water interface until ice formation stops. The presence of solutes, high pressure, or dispersal in fine pores causes the water to freeze at temperatures below 0°C (the so-called freezing point depression). Whenever freezing begins, it pro­ceeds at a constant temperature, or at a temperature which becomes progressively lower. A temperature rise during ice formation is considered here to be an anomaly. Under all equal circumstances, the conditions under which an anomal­ous freezing temperature is observable appear to be very special. This report describes two different experiments dis­playing the anomalous rise of temperature after nucleation and during ice formation. In one case the water was dispersed in the fine pores of fine powders; in the other case pure water was frozen in a transparent insulated cell. Photographic observations were made; relations of ice surface to water volume were measured.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iv, 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 76-20
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6198
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Conversion factors for U.S.customary and SI units Introduction Materials, instruments, measurements Experiments with water freezing in fine pores Freezing experiments with bulk water Summary and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 168
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    Heat transfer characteristics of melting and refreezing a drill hole through an ice shelf in Antarctica (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-76/12
    In: CRREL Report, 76-12
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The heat transfer processes associated with melting and refreezing a drill hole 500 m in depth and 0.150 m in initial radius through an ice shelf were approximately analyzed. The results were expressed in graphical form showing the time available for experimentation under the hole as a function of heating duration and heating strength. It was found that the refreezing of the drill hole had a much slower rate than the melting of the hole.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: vi, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 76-12
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA026368
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Nomenclature Introduction Analysis Melting period Freezing period Calculation Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Justification of using eq 8 for the calculation of heat transfer coefficient h
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  • 169
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    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Winter thermal structure and ice conditions on Lake Champlain, Vermont (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Bände
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-76/13
    In: CRREL Report, 76-13
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The thermal structure and ice conditions of Lake Champlain, a mid-latitude large lake, near Shelburne Point, Vermont, were studied during the winter of 1974-75. The lake was instrumented to a depth of 8.5 m with a string of highly calibrated thermistors, connected to a data logger on shore which recorded water temperatures every four hours. An ice mooring system was developed to anchor the thermistor string so that ice and water temperatures could be obtained at known levels. This temperature recording system measured vertical and horizontal variations in ice and water temperature regimes during ice formation, growth and decay. Meteorological data were measured during the winter period November 1974 through March 1975 at the site. Ice stratigraphy was determined for the ice at the site at its maximum seasonal growth for comparison with ice from St. Albans Bay (at the northern end of Lake Champlain) which had formed earlier. Correlations were determined between ice growth and accumulated degree days of freezing. The operation of a bubbler system installed near the measurement site around a service dock was observed.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: vii, 22 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 76-13
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6133
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Climate Site selection Instrumentation, measurements and calibration Installation of automatic water temperature recording system Visual observations and ice structure St. Albans Shelburne Analysis Temperature comparison Water temperature measuring system Changes in water temperature Wind Degree-days of freezing Prediction of ice formation Bubbler system Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited
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  • 170
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    Mechanics of cutting and boring; Part III: Kinematics of continuous belt machines (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Signatur: ZSP-201-76/17
    In: CRREL Report, 76-17
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, (DE-B103)20210225152525
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This report, which is one of a series on the mechanics of cutting and boring in rock, deals with the kinematics of machines which utilize a continuous belt as the cutting unit (e.g. coal saws, shale saws, digger-chain trenchers). The discussion and analysis cover the geometry and motion of various components of the cutting system, including such topics as chipping depth, production and conveyance of cuttings, tool trajectories, tool speeds, tool angles, and arrangement of cutting tools on the belt. Worked examples are included to illustrate the application of various equations to practical problems
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: viii, 24 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 76-17
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/5414
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Foreword Introduction Terminology Chipping depth Production and conveyance of cuttings Tool trajectories Tool speeds Tool relief angles — kinematic considerations Tool rake angles Belt curvature, slackness and flexibility Tool layout Longitudinal tool spacing Transverse tool spacing Cross-section profiles of the kerf Literature cited
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  • 171
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    Proceedings of the first symposium on antarctic geosciences, 1978 (1979)
    Tokyo : National Institute of Polar Research
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    Signatur: ZSP-592-14 ; ZSP-592-14(2.Ex.)
    In: Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: IV, 229 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Serie: Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research : Special Issue 14
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: AWI Lesesaal
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
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  • 172
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    Monographie ausleihbar
    Vegetation of the Angmagssalik district Southeast Greenland 2 : herb and snow-bed vegetation (1976)
    København : Nyt Nordisk Forl.
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    Signatur: ZSP-553-198,2
    In: Meddelelser om Grønland
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 266 S.
    ISBN: 8717021200
    Serie: Meddelelser om Grønland 198,2
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: AWI Lesesaal
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  • 173
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Reports from the Kevo Subarctic Research Station : 14 (1978)
    Turku : Turun Yliopisto
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    Signatur: AWI P5-79-0002
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 75 S.
    ISBN: 9516415903
    Sprache: Englisch
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
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  • 174
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Planning document : prepared at the MAP planning conference ; June 21-24, 1976, Urbana, Illinois, USA (1976)
    Urbana, Ill. : SCOSTEP
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    Signatur: ZSP-558
    In: Middle atmosphere program
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 97 S.
    Serie: Middle atmosphere program
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: AWI Lesesaal
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  • 175
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Regionale Klimabeschreibungen; Bd. 2,2: Alpennordhang, Graubünden und Alpensüdseite (1979)
    Zürich : Zentralanst.
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    Signatur: MOP Per 484(2,2)
    In: Regionale Klimabeschreibungen
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 437 S.
    Serie: Regionale Klimabeschreibungen 2,2
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Standort: MOP - Bitte bestellen
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  • 176
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Chemistry and geothermal systems (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Acad. Press
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: G 7495 ; G 7869 ; M 93.0158
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: XI, 392 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Serie: Energy science and engineering
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 177
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Fluids in the earth's crust : their significance in metamorphic, tectonic and chemical transport processes (1978)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
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    Signatur: 12021 ; 10/M 93.0073/1
    In: Developments in geochemistry
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: XVIII, 383 S.
    ISBN: 0444416366
    Serie: Developments in geochemistry 1
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Standort: Lesesaal
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 178
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    The chemistry of the atmosphere and oceans (1978)
    New York [u.a.] : Wiley
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: M 93.0159 ; AWI A12-95-0120-1 ; AWI A12-95-0120-2 ; MOP 272 / Mitte
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: XIV, 351 S.
    ISBN: 0471035092
    Serie: A Wiley-Interscience publication
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Standort: MOP - Bitte bestellen
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
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  • 179
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Israel meteorological research papers : in memory of Gideon Steinitz; Volume 1 (1977)
    Bet Dagan : Israel Meteorological Service
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    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: MOP 40426 / Mitte
    In: Israel meteorological research papers
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: ii, 175 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: Israel meteorological research papers 1
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: MOP - Bitte bestellen
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  • 180
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Die Gebirgsmechanik : eine selbständige Wissenschaft ; Bericht aus dem Arbeitskreis "Bergmännische Gebirgsmechanik" der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (1975)
    Boppard : Boldt
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: 93.0256
    Seiten: 168 S.
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 181
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Reefs and evaporites - concepts and depositional models (1977)
    Tulsa, Oklah. : American Association of Petroleum Geologists
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: 9/M 93.0209
    In: AAPG studies in geology
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: VII, 196 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0891810099
    Serie: AAPG Studies in geology 5
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Lesesaal
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 182
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Geochemistry in mineral exploration (1979)
    London [u.a.] : Acad. Press
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: G 7720 ; M 93.0246
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: XVII, 657 S. : graph. Darst.
    Ausgabe: 2. ed.
    ISBN: 0125962509
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 183
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Geochemische Tabellen (1976)
    Stuttgart : Enke
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: M 93.0170
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 674 S. : graph. Darst. + 1 Kt.
    Ausgabe: 2., stark überarb. und erw. Aufl.
    ISBN: 3432885822
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 184
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Mangan; 8. (1977)
    Hannover [u.a.]: Bundesanstalt für Bodenforschung [u.a.]
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: 93.0271/7
    In: Untersuchungen über Angebot und Nachfrage mineralischer Rohstoffe [Bericht]
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 185
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ag deposits; Vol. 6. (1976)
    Amsterdam _[u.a.]_ : Elsevier
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: 11/M 93.0094/6
    In: Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits ; part II
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: XVI, 585 S.
    ISBN: 0444414061
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Lesesaal
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 186
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Supergene and surficial ore deposits : textures and fabrics; Vol. 3. (1976)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: 11/MR 90.0990 ; M 93.0094/3
    In: Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits ; part I
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: XI, 353 S.
    ISBN: 0444414037
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Lesesaal
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 187
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Mineral deposits (1979)
    Milton Keynes
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: 93.0257/3
    Seiten: 140 S.
    Serie: The Open University. Science. A second level course. The earth's physical resourses. S 266 , Block 3
    Sprache: Englisch
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 188
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Classifications and historical studies; Vol. 1. (1976)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: 11/MR 90.0988 ; M 93.0094/1
    In: Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits ; part I
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: X, 338 S.
    ISBN: 0444414010
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Lesesaal
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 189
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Geochemical studies; Vol. 2. (1976)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: 11/MR 90.0989 ; M 93.0094/2
    In: Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits ; part I
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: XI, 363 S.
    ISBN: 0444414029
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Lesesaal
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 190
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Lists and tables; 2. (1978)
    Hannover : Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: 9882/II ; M 93.0064/2
    In: The iron ore deposits of Europe and adjacent areas
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 386 S. : graph. Darst.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 191
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Metallization associated with acid magmatism; Vol. 2. (1977)
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: 11443 ; M 93.0232/2
    In: Metallization associated with acid magmatism
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 166 S. : graph. Darst.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 192
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Marine optics (1976)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: 13/M 97.0131
    In: Elsevier oceanography series
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: XIII, 231 S.
    ISBN: 0444414908
    Serie: Elsevier oceanography series 14
    Klassifikation:
    Ozeanographie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Lesesaal
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 193
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Nondestructive testing of in-service highway pavements in Maine (1979)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: ZSP-201-79/6
    In: CRREL Report, 79-6
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Nondestructive repetitive plate bearing (RPB) tests were conducted on various test sections in state highways in Maine during 13-15 April 1976. The RPB test consists of making resilient surface deflection measurements during repetitive loadings at various radii from the load plate. The pavement system stiffness was calculated and the resilient modulus values for the various pavement layers were determined with the Chevron computer program for a layered elastic system. A thawed analysis using nondimensional deflection curves for the various sections provided a guide to the susceptibility of the pavement systems to surface failure and pothole development. Some comparisons between stabilized and nonstabilized aggregate and soil were made with calculated stiffness values. The moduli of the various materials were also compared. The residual surface deflections during testing for several pavement systems indicated a linear logarithmic relationship with number of load applications. A relationship between the modulus of the asphalt cement concrete pavement and pavement temperature was developed for the limited temperature range during the testing.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: v, 20 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 79-6
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9013
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Descriptions of road test sections Test equipment and procedures. Field repetitive plate bearing tests Data analysis General Layered-elastic analysis of the pavement systems Statistical analysis. Flexural analysis Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Resilient surface deflections for the test points
    Standort: AWI Archiv
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  • 194
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Penetration tests in subsea permafrost, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska (1979)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: ZSP-201-79/7
    In: CRREL Report, 79-7
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Sediments beneath the Beaufort Sea near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, were probed at 27 sites using a static cone penetrometer to determine engineering properties and distribution of material types, including ice-bonded sediments. The probe provided both point and casing resistance data and thermal profiles. At five sites these data were correlated with information from adjacent drilled and sampled holes. These control data and the quality of the probe information permitted profiles of sediment type and occurrence of ice-bonded material to be developed along three lines that included various geological features and depositional environments. Material properties were quite variable in the upper 14 m of sediments probed. In general, softer, finer-grained sediments occurred in the upper layers, while penetration refusal was met in stiff gravels to 10 to 12 m below the seabed. Seabed temperatures during the study were all below 0 C. However, because of uncertainties in freezing point values caused by brines, evaluation of the penetration resistance data was required to identify the occurrence of ice-bonded sediments. The coupling of thermal and penetration resistance data revealed that seasonally ice-bonded sediments occurred where the sea ice froze back to or near the seabed. Deeper, perennially frozen sediments also appeared to be present at several probe sites. The penetration data obtained can be used to aid in the design of shallow and deep foundations in both ice-bonded and unfrozen subsea sediments.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iv, 49 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 79-7
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9014
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Equipment Data collection and reduction Data analysis and interpretation Point penetration resistance and material properties Lithologic and temperature profiles Casing penetration resistance Applications Shallow foundations Deep foundations Foundations in permafrost Correlations with laboratory tests Conclusions Selected bibliography Appendix A: Description of penetrometer and test procedures Appendix B: Point resistance and skin friction data
    Standort: AWI Archiv
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  • 195
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Grouting silt and sand at low temperatures : a laboratory investigation (1979)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    In: CRREL Report, 79-5
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract: This report presents data from an experimental program undertaken to develop information on proposed and existing chemical grout solutions to provide engineering properties in connection with grouting of soils in ambient temperatures of 39° ±1°F (3.88°C) and below. Twelve grout solutions were investigated, including organic chemicals, sodium silicates, cements, and clay (bentonite). Set or gel tests were performed on each chemical solution, in the center of which a thermocouple was placed for measuring the rates of heat of reaction, except those of the cements and the clay. These solutions consisted of the mixing portions of the chemicals and were placed into 4-in.-diam by approximately 6-in.-long cylinders at an ambient temperature of 39°F.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: v, 38 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 79-5
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9020
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: AWI Archiv
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  • 196
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Blank corrections for ultratrace atomic absorption analysis (1979)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: ZSP-201-79/3
    In: CRREL Report, 79-3
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: ii, 7 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 79-3
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9018
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: AWI Archiv
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
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  • 197
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Computer modeling of atmospheric ice accretion (1979)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: ZSP-201-79/4
    In: CRREL Report, 79-4
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: A computer model is described to compute the amount of ice accretion on an object under a variety of initial conditions. Numerical techniques are best applied to these problems because of time dependent effects governing the amount of ice collected and also the variety of initial conditions that can lead to ice accumulation. The helicopter rotor icing problem adds an additional complexity since the velocity along the rotor blade varies over a wide range strongly affecting the amounts of ice collected at different blade positions. The physics of ice accretion is reviewed and the accounting for time-dependence in the computer model is described. Some model results are presented and indicate the dependence of ice accretion on velocity, droplet sizes, cloud liquid water content, and temperature for a cylindrical object of constant size.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iii, 39 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 79-4
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9019
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENT Abstract Preface Introduction Ice accretion parameters Physics of ice accretion Interaction between water droplets and flow field Time dependence in droplet trajectories Thermodynamic processes at the surface of the object Time dependence in the thermodynamics Time dependence of lesser order Numerical ice accretion model Major subroutines Options for droplet size variations Option for the helicopter rotor case Results Conclusions and future studies Literature cited Appendix A: Computer program
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  • 198
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    River channel characteristics at selected ice jam sites in Vermont (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/25
    In: CRREL Report, 78-25
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The objectives of this investigation were to describe channel characteristics and geographic settings of ice jam sites from aerial photographic interpretation, to indicate which characteristics may be important in causing ice jams, and to suggest additional uses of aerial photographs. Aerial photographs were taken of 19 sites with a Zeiss RMK 15/23 aerial camera on 17, 19, and 21 April 1976. Uncontrolled photomosaics of each site were assembled and major river characteristics were delineated on the photomosaics. Characteristics described include: manmade structures, falls, rapids, changes in channel depths, channel islands, mid-channel shoals or bars, river bed material, river sinuosity, meanders, floodplain width, riparian vegetation, and types of development on the floodplain. River channel widths were measured from the photographs along rivers where ground truth data were available for comparison. Lengths of channel riffles and pools were measured along the rivers where variations in river depths were evident on the photographs. Seventy-nine percent of the sites have some form of flow control structure which causes a pool with a backwater condition of low velocity. The low flow condition in the pool allows a solid ice cover to form which impedes ice movement and initiates ice jams. Aerial photographs provide a regional perspective for evaluating channel characteristics at an ice jam site and for analyzing the geographic setting at each site during ice-free conditions. Photographs taken after ice jams have formed are useful in monitoring ice jam formation, in analyzing ice characteristics, and in documenting ice jam breakup and movement.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iii, 60 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-25
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9458
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: AWI Archiv
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
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  • 199
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Estuarine processes and intertidal habitats in Grays Harbor, Washington : a demonstration of remote sensing techniques (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/18
    In: CRREL Report, 78-18
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The primary objective of this project was to demonstrate the utility of remote sensing techniques as an operational tool in the acquisition of data required by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, in the Grays Harbor dredging effects project, and related projects. Aerial imagery was used to map surface circulation and suspended sediment patterns near the hopper dredge pump site at the harbor entrance and near pulpmill outfalls in Aberdeen, and to map the areal distribution and extent of intertidal habitats. The surface circulation maps prepared from the aerial photographs and thermal imagery compared favorably with the large-scale circulation patterns observed in the Grays Harbor hydraulic model at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Of the imagery provided by NASA, the thermal imagery was more useful than the color or color infrared (CIR) photographs for mapping circula­tion, while the CIR photographs were more useful than the thermal imagery or the color photographs for mapping intertidal habitats. Current velocities estimated from dye dispersion patterns and drifting dye drogues were comparable at some locations to velocities measured by in situ current meters and in the hydraulic model. Based on a cursory evaluation of LANDSAT-1 imagery acquired in January, February, and October 1973, it had limited utility in providing data on surface circulation patterns in Grays Harbor. The areal distribution and extent of nine wetland vegetation types, dune vegetation, and three types of eelgrass were mapped using primarily aerial C IR photographs and ground sur­veys. Color photographs were also used for areas not covered by the C IR photographs. Wetland vegetation types mapped were: low silty marsh, low sandy marsh, sedge marsh, high immature marsh, high mature marsh, salt marsh, diked pasture, freshwater marsh, and wooded swamp. Undiked salt marsh (first five types) covered 5540 acres (22.3 km2) in Grays Harbor.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: vi, 85 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-18
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9397
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Site description Background and objectives Project history Approach General Aircraft imagery and sensor data LANDSAT imagery Ground truth data Results and discussion Remote sensing techniques Conventional techniques Comparison of results Conclusions Advantages and disadvantages Applications Recommendations Literature cited
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  • 200
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    On the determination of horizontal forces a floating ice plate exerts on a structure (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/15
    In: CRREL Report, 78-15
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This report first discusses the general approach for calculating the horizontal forces an ice cover exerts on a structure. Ice force determination consists of two parts: (1) the analysis of the in-plane forces assuming that the ice cover remains intact and (2) the use of a failure criterion, since an ice force cannot be larger than the force capable of breaking up the ice cover. For an estimate of the largest ice force, an elastic plate analysis and a failure criterion are often sufficient. A review of the literature revealed that, in the majority of the analyses, it is assumed that the failure load is directly related to a 'crushing strength' of the ice cover. However, observations in the field and tests in the laboratory show that in some instances the ice cover fails by buckling. This report reviews the ice force analyses based on the buckling failure mechanism and points out their shortcomings. The report then presents a new method of analysis which is based on the buckling mechanism
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iv, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-15
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9275
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction and statement of problem Review of relevant analyses and tests Determination of the largest ice force on an isolated structure Preliminary remarks The buckling analysis of a floating wedge Proposed method to determine Literature cited
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