ALBERT

Note: Contents: 1. Introduction to urban Geosimulation ; 2. Formalizing Geosimulation with Geographic Automata Systems (GAS) ; 3. System Theory, Geography, and Urban Modelling ; 4. Modelling urban land usage with cellular automata ; 5. Modelling Urban Dynamics with Multi-Agent Systems ; 6. Finale: Epistemology of Geosimulation

Note: Contents: Preface. - Abstracts (in the alphabetic order). - The natural environment and cryosphere of the Tatra Mountains by Bogdan Gądek. - IASC Working Group on Arctic Glaciology. - General programme.

Note: Contents: Preface / Helle V. Goldman, Bruce Forbes & Gary Kofinas. - Research planning in the face of change: the human role in reindeer/caribou systems / Gary Kofinas, Gail Osherenko, David Klein & Bruce Forbes. - Reindeer husbandry/hunting in Russia in the past, present and future / Leonid M. Baskin. - Chukotkan reindeer husbandry in the post-socialist transition / Patty A. Gray. - Nenets reindeer herders on the lower Yenisei River: traditional economy under current conditions are responses to economic change / Konstantin B. Klokov. - Reindeer pastoralism in modern Siberia: research and survival during the time of crash / Igor Krupnik. - Managing reindeer and wildlife on Alaska's Seward Peninsula / Jim Dau. - Response of reindeer and caribou to human activities / Scott A. Wolfe, Brad Griffith & Carrie A. Gray Wolfe. - High voltage transmission lines and their effect on reindeer: a research programme in progress / Eigil Reimers, Kjetil Flydal & Rune Stenseth. - Responses of West Greenland caribou to the approach of humans on foot / Peter Aastrup. - Arctic grazing systems and industrial development: can we minimize conflicts? / David R. Klein. - Regional effects of climate change on reindeer: a case study of the Muotkatunturi region in Finnish Lapland / Susan E. Lee, Malcolm C. Press, John A. Lee, Tim Ingold & Terhi Kurttila. - Reindeer in tundra ecosystems: the challenges of understanding system complexity / Feodor V. Kryazhimskii & Alexey N. Danilov. - Status, directions and priorities of reindeer husbandry research in Sweden / Öje Danell. - Need and opportunity for a North American caribou knowledge cooperative / Don Russell, Gary Kofinas & Brad Griffith. - Native reindeer herders' priorities for research / Johan Mathis Turi. - Letter from Varandei / Andrei V. Golovnev.

Note: CONTENTS: Introduction - All Staff meeting 2002 / Per Undén. - Report of Hirlam Management Group visit to Met Éireann / Per Undén. - The operational HIRLAM at the Finnish Meteorological Institute / Kalle Eerola. - Recent changes in the operational suites at Météo-France / Dominique Giard. - HIRLAM operational activities in Met Éireann / Ray McGrath. - Operational HIRLAM at met.no / Ole Vignes. - SMHI operational HIRLAM systems / Lars Meuller. - Revision of the ECMWF humidity analysis 1: Construction of a gaussian control variable / Elías Valur Hólm. - A nudging procedure to assimilate analyses of cloud and precipitation in a version of HIRLAM / Bent Hansen Sass and Claus Petersen. - HIRLAM 4DVAR / Xiang-Yu Huang, Xiaohua Yang, Nils Gustafsson, Kristian Mogensen and Magnus Lindskog. - Progress in the investigation of problems in the operational 4d-var assimilation at Météo-France / Dominique Giard. - Recent and future developments in the turbulence modeling in HIRLAM / Geert Lenderink. - Parametrization of the effects of subgrid-scale orography / Laura Rontu and Kai Sattler. - ISBA tests in a Nordic area - an update / Simo Järvenoja. - Results of the SAT-MAP-CLIMATE project / Niels Woetmann Nielsen, Charlotte Hasager, Henrik Søgaard, Jens H Chrisensen, Niels Otto Jensen and Eva Bøgh. - Progress and problems in the Functional Boxes / Erik Bazile. - Status Kain Fritsch Rash Kristjansson and Hirlam 22 km experiences / Sander Tijm, Roy Wichink, Oscar van de Velde, Ben Wichers Schreur and Toon Moene. - The representation of shallow cumulus convection and associated cloud fields in the Rossby Centre Atmospheric modell / Colin Jones and Enrique Sanchez. - Parametrization of mountain-related effects in fine-scale HIRLAM - items for discussion / Laura Rontu. - Testing alternative lateral boundary strategies: A progress report / Aidan McDonald. - Current situation with the NH HIRLAM / Aarne Mannik and Rein Room. - Manipulations to determine the hybrid coordinate in HIRLAM / Per Undén and Nils Gustafsson. - Comparison of convection and condensation schemes under non-hydrostatic Hirlam model: A case study / Sami Niemela and Carl Fortelius. - Real time solution of forward and inverse air pollution problems with a numerical dispersion model based on short-term weather forecasts / Mikhail Sofiev. - Asyncronous I/O in HIRLAM / Ole Vignes. - HIRLAM coding styles / Gerard Cats. - NWP on a GRID compute environment / Gerard Cats. - HIRLAM verification scores, 1st quarter 2002 / Per Undén. - Validation test for HIRLAM 5.1.4: winter condition / Xiaohua Yang. - Recent tests of proposed revisions to the STRACO cloud scheme / Bent Hansen Sass and Xiaohua Yang.

Note: Contents Foreword by UNEP Foreword by WGMS Summary 1 Introduction 2 Glaciers and climate 3 Global distribution of glaciers and ice caps 4 Glacier fluctuation series 5 Global glacier changes 6 Regional glacier changes 6.1 New Guinea 6.2 Africa 6.3 New Zealand 6.4 Scandinavia 6.5 Central Europe 6.6 South America 6.7 Northern Asia 6.8 Antarctica 6.9 Central Asia 6.10 North America 6.11 Arctic Islands 7 Conclusions References Appendix 1 - National Correspondents of the WGMS Appendix 2 - Meta-data on available fluctuation data

Note: Outline Abstract Keywords 1. Introduction 2. Methods 2.1. Sample collection 2.2. 234Th analyses 2.3. Particulate organic carbon analyses 3. Results 3.1. Hydrography 3.2. Nutrients 3.3. 234Th activities and POC concentrations 3.4. Trapped material 4. Discussion 4.1. Origins of 234Th/238U disequilibrium 4.2. Determining 234Th fluxes 4.3. Calibration of sediment trap with 234Th 4.4. Vertical flux of particulate organic carbon and the POC/234Thp ratio 5. Conclusion Acknowledgements References

Note: CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. SUMMARY DATA 2.1 SUMMARY TABLE (NET BALANCE, ELA, ELA0, AAR, AAR0) 2.2 CUMULATIVE SPECIFIC NET BALANCE GRAPHS 3. EXTENSIVE INFORMATION 3.1 WHITE (CANADA) 3.1.1 Topography and observational network 3.1.2 Net balance maps 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 3.1.3 Net balance versus altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.1.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.2 PEYTO (CANADA) 3.2.1 Topography and observational network 3.2.2 Net balance maps 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 3.2.3 Net balance versus altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.2.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.3 ZONGO (BOLIVIA) 3.3.1 Topography and observational network 3.3.2 Net balance maps 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 3.3.3 Net balance versus altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.3.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.4 WALDEMARBREEN (NORWAY/SVALBARD) 3.4.1 Topography and observational network 3.4.2 Net balance maps 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 3.4.3 Net balance altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.4.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.5 NIGARDSBREEN (NORWAY) 3.5.1 Topography and observational network 3.5.2 Net balance maps 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 3.5.3 Net balance versus altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.5.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.6 STORGLACIÄREN (SWEDEN) 3.6.1 Topography and observational network 3.6.2 Net balance maps 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 3.6.3 Net balance versus altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.6.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.7 VERNAGTFERNER (AUSTRIA) 3.7.1 Topography and observational network 3.7.2 Net balance maps 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 3.7.3 Net balance versus altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.7.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.8 DJANKUAT (RUSSIA) 57 3.8.1 Topography and observational network 3.8.2 Net balance map 2000/2001 3.8.3 Net balance versus altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.8.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.9 TSENTRALNIY TUYUKSUYSKIY (KAZAKHSTAN) 3.9.1 Topography and observational network 3.9.2 Net balance maps 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 3.9.3 Net balance versus altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.9.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.10 MALIYAKTRU (RUSSIA) 3.10.1 Topography and observational network 3.10.2 Net balance maps 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 3.10.3 Net balance versus altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.10.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.11 URUMQIHE S. NO. 1 (CHINA) 3.11.1 Topography and observational network 3.11.2 Net balance maps 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 3.11.3 Net balance versus altitude (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) 3.11.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 4. FINAL REMARKS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5. PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS AND NATIONAL CORRESPONDENTS 5.1 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS 5.2 NATIONAL CORRESPONDENTS OF WGMS

Note: Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl.

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Principle of measuring the visco-elastic nature of snow and ice by the vibration method Experimental method for determination of visco-elastic properties of snow and ice Visco-elastic properties of tunnel ice Elastic properties of snow samples from the deep pit Elastic properties of core samples obtained by drilling Elastic properties of snow near the ice-cap surface Vertical variation of Young's modulus near the surface Wind-packed snow Peter snow Relation between Young's modulus and density of snow Relation between Young's modulus and density over the range from surface snow to ice Supplementary experiments on the elastic nature of snow and ice at Site 2 Anisotropy of Peter snow Age hardening Temperature dependence of Young's modulus of core ice Viscosity measurement of snow and ice in Greenland Further experiments on the elastic nature of tunnel ice Temperature dependence of Young's modulus Frequency dependence of Young's modulus Further experiments on the viscous nature of tunnel ice Temperature dependence of loss factor Activation energy Frequency dependence of loss factor and viscosity Relation between viscosity and density Conclusions References Appendix: Experimental data

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Observations on the Nuna ramp Sample collection Distribution of the cryoconite holes Observations in the Thule ramp Physical analyses of the cryoconite Biological assay of the cryoconite References Appendix: A study of the bacteria and fungus content of the cryoconite of the Thule area

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Apparatus Specimens Experimental procedures and results Analysis of the data Discussion References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Definition of whiteout Scope of this study Instrumentation and observations Location of project: Fog particle measurements Atmospheric humidity measurements Visibility measurements Air temperature measurements Radiation measurements Atmospheric nuclei Observations of fog whiteout Conditions prior to onset of whiteout Conditions at time of arrival and during whiteout Micro-structure of fog whiteout Analysis of moisture balance during two selected cases Synoptic situation for case 1 Synoptic situation for case 2 Computations Attempts at fog whiteout dispersal References Appendix A - Freezing nuclei observations Appendix B - Absolute humidity gradient data

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Types of ice Experiments Results Creep curves Flow law References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Procedure Preparation of test plots Measurements of ice and gravel surfaces Composition of the gravel covering Results Sorting in a smooth layer of sandy gravel over an uneven ice surface Sorting in a uniform layer of sandy gravel over depressions in the ice surface Sorting in a uniform layer of sandy gravel over a uniform ice surface Sorting in a non-uniform layer of sandy gravel over a uniform ice surface Discussion and recommendations Conclusions References

Note: CONTENTS I. Introduction II. Instrumentation Recording of data III. Results Global radiation Albedo of snow Diffuse sky radiation Effect of clouds on radiation Atmospheric and terrestrial radiation Effect of low sun angle on measured radiation Global radiation gradient Atmospheric transmission coefficient Heat balance of snow cover Applied use of solar energy References. Appendix

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Measurements and results Tunnel North-south trench East-west trench Deep pit Theoretical development Sorge's Law Deformation of acylindrical tunnel in a viscous compressible medium Discussion Tunnel Trenches Deep pit References Appendix

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Method Procedure Test results Tests conducted Data and calculations Discussion of results References Appendix A. Drawings of apparatus Appendix B. Load-deflection and time-deflection curves for snow beams of various densities

Note: Contents Introduction Taxonomic classification adopted and floristic list References Nomenclatural proposals Index of taxa

Note: CONTENTS Introduction Objectives and Scope of this Volume Taxonomic Considerations Varieties and Formae The "typifying variety" concept Taxonomic Citations Limitations Taxonomic Errors Some Observations on Antarctic Diatoms Antarctic Diatom Localities Antarctic Interior And Ice Shelves Transantarctic Mountains etc East Antarctic Coast Ross Sea Embayment Amundsen Sea Antarctic Peninsula Area Subantarctic Islands and Southern Continents Acknowledgments What This Compilation Includes Antarctic and Subantarctic Diatoms References Index of Species

Note: CONTENTS ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION 2. AIMS AND SCOPE 3. NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC ACIDIFICATION AND ITS ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES 3.1. The role of water pH 3.2. Description of natural and anthropogenic acid sources 3.3. Anthropogenic acidification and its ecological consequences 3.4. Diatoms as indicators of water acidity and related factors 4. MATERIAL AND METHODS 4.1. Field samples 4.2. Laboratory methods 4.3. Data analysis 5. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREAS 6. RESULTS 6.1. Diatom community patterns vs. water chemistry in relation to different water types 6.2. Diatom community patterns in relation to altitude 6.3. Diatom community patterns in relation to dijf'erent geographical regions in Poland and Finland 6.4. Diatoms as indicators of pH, alkalinity and TOC 6.5. Restoration and recovery of acidified aquatic ecosystems 6.5.1. Diatoms as indicators of restoration: effect of water neutralization 6.5.2. Diatoms as indicators of lake recovery 7. DISCUSSION 8. NOTES ON AUTECOLOGY OF SELECTED DIATOM TAXA 9. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES APPENDIX (Codes of diatom taxa used in the graphs and tables) PLATES

Note: Contents Preface Acknowledgments Authors' Affiliations 1 Introduction to ADIAC and This Book / Hans du Buf and Micha M. Bayer 2 Diatoms: Organism and Image / David G. Mann 3 Diatom Applications / Richard J. Telford, Steve Juggins, Martyn G. Kelly, and Bertrand Ludes 4 ADIAC Imaging Techniques and Databases / Micha M. Bayer and Steve Juggins 5 Human Error and Quality Assurance in Diatom Analysis / Martyn G. Kelly, Micha M. Bayer, Joachim Hurlimann, and Richard J. Telford 6 Contour Extraction / Stefan Fischer, Hamid R. Shahbazkia, and Horst Bunke 7 Identification Using Classical and New Features in Combination with Decision Tree Ensembles / Stefan Fischer and Horst Bunke 8 Identification by Curvature of Convex and Concave Segments / Robert E. Lake and Hans du Buf 9 Identification by Contour Profiling and Legendre Polynomials / Adrian Ciobanu and Hans du Buf 10 Identification by Gabor Features / Luis M. Santos and Hans du Buf 11 Identification by Mathematical Morphology / Michael H. F. Wilkinson, Andrei C. Jalba, Erik R. Urbach, and Jos B. T. M. Roerdink 12 Mixed-Method Identifications / Michel A. Westenberg and Jos B. T. M. Roerdink 13 Automatic Slide Scanning / Jose L. Pech-Pacheco and Gabriel Cristobal 14 ADIAC Achievements and Future Work / Hans du Buf and Micha M. Bayer Appendix: The Mixed Genera Data Set

Note: Contents Foreword, by Professor Dr. Martin Bopp Preface Acknowledgements 1. EXPERIMENTS ON SPORES AND GEMMAE Spore Germination in Liverwort - Jungermanniales, Marchantiales, Anthocerotales, Sphaerocarpales; Types of Spore Germination in Mosses - Sphagnales, Andreaeales, Tetraphidales, Bryales Factors Affecting Spore Germination - Light, Temperature, Sugars, Minerals, Growth Regulators, Hydrogen-ion concentration (pH), OtheT Factors Mechanism of Spore Germination Experiments on Gemmae - light, Temperature, Humidity and other Physical Factors, Growth Regulators, Nitrogenous Substances, Hydrogen-ion concentration (pH), Other Chemical Factors References 2. PROTONEMAL DIFFERENTIATION AND BUD FORMATION IN MOSSES Protonemal Differentiation Bud Formation Factors Affecting Bud Formation - Light, Temperature, Auxins, Cytokinins, Gibberellins, Adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate, Adenine and Amino Acids, Minerals and Chelates Vitamins, Abscisic Acid, Sugars, pH, Influence of Other Organisms References. 3. REGENERATION Potentialities of Various Organs for Regeneration - Regeneration from Leaves, Regeneration from Setae Morphology of Régénérants Factors Affecting Regeneration - Light. Radiation, pH, Season, Humidity. Wounding, Temperature, Size of the Fragment Reserve Food Material. Location in the Plant, Age, Correlative Inhibition. Polarity and Apical Dominance Changes Occurring in Regenerating Cells References 4. REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY Factors Affecting Gametangial Induction - Light Duration, Light Level, Light Quality. Temperature, Temperature-Photoperiod Interaction. Humidity. Hydration. Carbohydrates. Nitrogenous Substances, Growth Regulators, Chelating Agents, pH and Other Factors References 5. ALTERNATIVE PATHWAYS IN LIFE CYCLE Apogamy - Occurrence of Apogamy in Diplophase and Haplophase, Spore Production in Apogamous Sporophytes, Differentiation of Apogamous Sporophytes from Callus, Factors Controlling Differentiation of Apogamous Sporophytes: Exogenous Factors, Endogenous Factors, Differentiation of Sporophyte and Gametophyte, Role of Calyptra in Sporogon Development Apospory Callus Formation and its Differentiation - Formation of Callus. Differentiation in Callus Controls in Differentiation Alternation of Generations References 6. PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS Spore Germination - Liverworts, Mosses Growth - Liverworts, Mosses Vegetative Propagation - Liverworts, Mosses Metabolism - Liverworts. Mosses; Senescence Bud Induction in Mosses Tropic Responses - Liverworts, Mosses References. 7. ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES Spore Protonema Stem Leaf Gametangia - Antheridium Gametogenesis - Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis Sporogenesis - Spore Sac or Tapetum. Fluctuation in Plastid Number, Structural Changes in Plastids, Cytoplasm, and Other Organelles. Meiosis. Spore Wall Formation Sporophyte-Ganietophyte Junction Seta Histoenzymological Studies - Localization of Enzymes in the Haustorial Foot References 8. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF BRYOPHYTES Antibiotics Growth Substances - Specified Growth Substances, Non-specified Growth Substances Lipids - Alkanes, Fatty Acids, Cuticular Components Terpenoids - Monoterpenoids, Sesquiterpenoids, Ditetpenoids, Triterpenoids and Sterols Flavonoids - Flavones, Isoflavones, Flavonols, Dihydrofiavonoids and Biflavonyls, Aurones and Chalcones, Acylated Flavonoids, Anthocyanins and Proanthocyanidins, Sphagnorubins Lignins; Other Constitutents - Carotenoids, Carbohydrates, Organic Acids, Dihydrostilbenes, Enzymes, Amino Acids and Quinones, Inorganic Compounds, Miscellaneous, Antitumour Activities, Allergenic Activities References 9. BRYOPHYTES AS INDICATORS OF POLLUTION Heavy Metals - Lead, Cadmium, Zinc, Mercury, Arsenates, Chromium, Nickel. Vanadium Stability Pattern of Metal Ions Metal Tolerance - Copper Mosses, Peat Mosses Gaseous Pollutants - Sulphur dioxide. Fluorides, Ozone Radionuclides (Radio Isotopes) - Cesium. Strontium, Uranium; Radiations References. 10. PROTOPLAST CULTURE Isolation of Protoplasts - Mechanical Method, Enzymatic Method, Source Material for Protoplasts, Factors Affecting Protoplast Isolation: Culture of Protoplasts—Liquid Culture Agar Plating of Protoplasts: Regeneration of Protoplasts - Factors Affecting Regeneration Protoplast Fusion and Somatic Hybrids Induction and Isolation of Mutants References. 11. CONDUCTION IN BRYOPHYTES External Conduction - Gametophyte. Sporophyte, Significance of External Conduction Internal Conduction - Cells Involved in Conduction, Anatomy of the Horizontal Axis, Midribs and Leaf Traces. Conducting Strand in Seta and Capsule, Development and Structure of Mature Conducting Tissues. The Interphase, Internal Conduction of Water, Conduction of Organic Compounds; Evolutionary Trends in the Conducting Strands References. 12. WATER RELATIONS Absorption and Conduction of Water - Endohydric.' Ectohydric, Myxohydric Water Holding Capacity and Growth Rate Desiccation and Rehydration Mechanism of Damage Growth-Forms References SUBJECT INDEX PLANT INDEX AUTHOR INDEX

Note: Sprache der Zusammenfassung: Französisch

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION II SUMMARY OF METHODS OF GROUND WATER DETECTION A. Geophysical Methods Gravimetric Method Magnetic Method Seismic Method Electrical Resistivity Method Electrical, Radioactive and Temperature Logging Methods B. Tracer Methods Dyes as Ground Water Tracers Tracers Detected by Chemical Determinations Radioactive Tracers III LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES OF GROUND WATER TRACERS Ion Exchange in Soils Lysimeter Studies of Fluorescein, Chloride and Iodine-131 Comparison of Stable and Radioactive Calcium Tritium Studies Injection Well Studies of Fluorescein, Dextrose, and Iodine-131 IV CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS A. Geophysical Methods B. Tracer Methods V ABSTRACT OF LITERATURE PERTAINING TO GROUND WATER DETECTION A. Geophysical Methods B . Tracer Methods

Note: Contents Preface 1 The evidence for cryospheric change 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The geomorphic and hydrologic effects of cryospheric change 1.3 Sub-arctic and alpine hydrology 1.4 Glacier loss and mountain permafrost 1.5 Permafrost 1.6 The carbon balance of the cryosphere 1.7 River and lake ice break-up and freeze-up 1.8 Ocean circulation 1.9 The mass balance of the polar ice sheets 1.10 Sea level 1.11 Importance of sea ice. 1.12 Ecological impacts 1.13 Socio-economic effects 1.14 Conclusions (Text word count-including figure captions and tables but excluding references- 9,015) 2 The monitoring of cryospheric change 2.1 Introduction 2.2 In situ measurements 2.2.1 Land surface air temperature 2.2.2 Terrestrial snow and snow on sea ice 2.2.3 Sea ice 2.2.4 Ice sheets and alpine glaciers 2.2.5 Permafrost and seasonally frozen ground 2.2.6 River runoff 2.2.7 River and lake ice freeze-up and break-up 2.3 Conclusions 3 Processes of cryospheric change 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Snow and ice as energy regulators 3.2.1 The energetics of the snow surface 3.2.2 The energetics of the snowpack 3.2.3 The energetics of glaciers 3.2.4 The energetics of sea ice and various terrain types 3.2.5 Permafrost 3.3 Snow and ice reservoir functions 3.3.1 Mass budget for snow 3.3.2 Mass balance for glacier ice 3.3.3 The mass balance of an ice sheet 3.3.4 Mass balance of sea ice 3.4 Snowfall 3.4.1 Interception by vegetation 3.4.2 Snow accumulation 3.4.3 Snow cover structure 3.5 Snow avalanches 3.6 Snow melt, runoff and streamflow generation 3.7 Snow chemistry 3.8 Snow ecology 3.9 Glacier melt 3.10 Formation of an ice cover 3.11 River and lake ice 3.12 Sediment budgets 4 Patterns of the contemporary cryosphere at local to global scales 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Remote sensing observations 4.3 Land and sea surface temperature 4.3.1 Terrestrial snow and snow on sea ice 4.3.2 Sea ice 4.3.3 Ice sheets & glaciers: estimation of volume 4.3.4 Ice sheets & glaciers: mass balance components 4.3.5 Permafrost 4.3.6 River runoff 4.3.7 River and lake ice freeze-up/break-up 4.4 Numerical Models 4.5 Conclusions: validation, coordinated projects and climate data records 5 The evidence for past cryospheric changes 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The uniqueness of the Quaternary Period 5.3. Initiation of glacial ages 5.4 Reconstructing extent of glacial environments 5.5 Extreme events 5.6 Ice sheet modelling 5.6.1 The Antarctic Ice Sheet 5.6.2 Greenland 5.6.3 North America: Innuitian, Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets 5.6.4 British Isles, Scandinavian and Barents ice sheets 5.6.5 The Patagonian and New Zealand ice caps 5.7 Non-glacial Quaternary environments 5.7.1 Late Quaternary permafrost in North America and Europe 5.7.2 Treeline variations 5.7.3 Climatic snowline 5.7.4 Glacier fluctuations 5.7.5 Paraglaciation 6 The transience of the cryosphere and transitional landscapes 6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 The landscape as palimpsest 6.2 Glacial landscapes: macro scale 6.2.1 Cirque landscapes 6.2.2 Fjord and strandflat landscapes 6.3 Periglacial landscapes: macro-scale 6.4 Paraglacial landscapes: macro-scale 6.5 Glacial landscapes: medium-scale 6.5.1 The transition from glacial to fluvial dominance 6.6 Proglacial landscapes: medium-scale 6.6.1 Glacifluvial landforms 6.6.2 The Channeled Scablands 6.6.3 Sub-glacial channels 6.6.4 Sub-glacial, ice-marginal and supraglacial sediment-landform associations 6.7 Periglacial landscapes: medium scale 6.7.1 The transition from periglacial to fluvial dominance 6.8 Paraglacial landscapes: medium-scale 6.9 Glacial landscapes: local-scale 6.9.1 Primary glacigenic deposits 6.9.2 Small scale erosional forms 6.10 Proglacial landscapes: local-scale 6.11 Periglacial landscapes: local scale 6.13 Paraglacial landscapes: local-scale 6.13 Landscape resistance, collapse and recovery 6.14 Transitional landscapes at Quaternary, Holocene and Anthropocene timescales 7 Cryospheric change and vulnerability at Quaternary, Holocene and Anthropocene time scales 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Panarchy 7.2.1 Panarchy, sustainability and transformability 7.2.2 Collapse and the vulnerability of socio-economic systems 7.3 Changing ice cover and biomes since the Last Glacial Maximum 7.3.1 The Last Glacial Maximum 7.3.2 The Holocene Optimum 7.4 The first explorers in North America 7.5 Implications of cryospheric change/collapse 7.5.1 Snow quantity 7.5.2 Snow quality 7.5.3 River and lake ice 7.5.4 Permafrost 7.5.5 Glaciers 7.5.6 River basins 7.5.7 Sea ice 7.5.8 Ice sheets 7.5.9 Sea level change 7.5.10 Carbon sequestration 7.5.11 Vegetation 7.5.12 Polar bears 7.5.13 Human health 7.5.14 Persistent organic pollutants 7.5.15 Socio-cultural conditions and health status 7.5.16 Livelihoods and socio-economic conditions 7.5.17 Governance 7.6 Concluding thoughts References Index

Note: Literaturverz. S. 265 - 280

Note: Contents: I The mechanical properties of rocks. - II The theory of elastic waves. - III Observational seismology. - IV The theory of the figures of the earth and moon. - V The figures of the earth and moon. Discussion of observations. - VI Stress-differences in the earth. - VII The variation of latitude and the bodily tide. - VIII Tidal friction. - IX The age of the earth. - X The thermal history of the earth. - XI The origin of the earth's surface features. - XII Special problems. - Appendices. - A Critical stress-difference. - B The straining of a uniform sphere. - C Castigliano's principle. - D Cooling of a sphere. - E Long-period tides. - Notes. - Bibliography. - Index.

Note: Contents: Imprint Published Reports Preface Summary Zusammenfassung Résumé Riassunto Resumaziun 1 Introduction 2 Weather and Climate 2.1 Weather and Climate in 2004/2005 2.2 Weather and Climate in 2005/2006 2.3 Climate Deviation from the Mean Value 1961–1990 2.4 Duration of the Snow Cover 3 Borehole Measurements 3.1 Active Layer Thickness 3.2 Permafrost Temperatures 3.2 ERT Monitoring Network 3.4 Conclusions Boreholes 4 Surface Temperatures 4.1 Surface Temperatures in Unconsolidated Sediments 4.2 Rock Surface Temperatures 4.3 Conclusions Surface Temperatures 5 Air Photos 5.1 Air Photos in 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 6 Conclusion 7 Selected Aspects of Permafrost Monitoring 7.1 Short-term Variations in Rock Glacier Kinematics 7.2 Destabilized Rock Glaciers 7.3 Conclusions Rock Glacier Dynamics Acknowledgements References Appendix

Note: Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Scripting versus Traditional Programming 1.1.1 Why Scripting is Useful in Computational Science 1.1.2 Classification of Programming Languages 1.1.3 Productive Pairs of Programming Languages 1.1.4 Gluing Existing Applications 1.1.5 Scripting Yields Shorter Code 1.1.6 Efficiency 1.1.7 Type-Specification (Declaration) of Variables 1.1.8 Flexible Function Interfaces 1.1.9 Interactive Computing 1.1.10 Creating Code at Run Time 1.1.11 Nested Heterogeneous Data Structures 1.1.12 GUI Programming 1.1.13 Mixed Language Programming 1.1.14 When to Choose a Dynamically Typed Language 1.1.15 Why Python? 1.1.16 Script or Program? 1.2 Preparations for Working with This Book 2 Getting Started with Python Scripting 2.1 A Scientific Hello World Script 2.1.1 Executing Python Scripts 2.1.2 Dissection of the Scientific Hello World Script 2.2 Working with Files and Data 2.2.1 Problem Specification 2.2.2 The Complete Code 2.2.3 Dissection 2.2.4 Working with Files in Memory 2.2.5 Array Computing 2.2.6 Interactive Computing and Debugging 2. 2.7 Efficiency Measurements 2.2.8 Exercises 2.3 Gluing Stand-Alone Applications 2.3.1 The Simulation Code 2.3.2 Using Gnuplot to Visualize Curves 2.3.3 Functionality of the Script 2.3.4 The Complete Code 2.3.5 Dissection 2.3.6 Exercises 2.4 Conducting Numerical Experiments 2.4.1 Wrapping a Loop Around Another Script 2.4.2 Generating an HTML Report 2.4.3 Making Animations 2.4.4 Varying Any Parameter 2.5 File Format Conversion 2.5.1 A Simple Read/Write Script 2.5.2 Storing Data in Dictionaries and Lists 2.5.3 Making a Module with Functions 2.5.4 Exercises 3 Basic Python 3.1 Introductory Topics 3.1.1 Recommended Python Documentation 3.1.2 Control Statements 3.1.3 Running Applications 3.1.4 File Reading and Writing 3.1.5 Output Formatting 3.2 Variables of Different Types 3.2.1 Boolean Types 3.2.2 The None Variable 3.2.3 Numbers and Numerical Expressions 3.2.4 Lists and Tuples 3.2.5 Dictionaries 3.2.6 Splitting and Joining Text 3.2.7 String Operations 3.2.8 Text Processing 3.2.9 The Basics of a Python Class 3.2.10 Copy and Assignment 3.2.11 Determining a Variable's Type 3.2.12 Exercises 3.3 Functions 3.3.1 Keyword Arguments 3.3.2 Doc Strings 3.3.3 Variable Number of Arguments 3.3.4 Call by Reference 3.3.5 Treatment of Input and Output Arguments 3.3.6 Function Objects 3.4 Working with Files and Directories 3.4.1 Listing Files in a Directory 3.4.2 Testing File Types 3.4.3 Removing Files and Directories 3.4.4 Copying and Renaming Files 3.4.5 Splitting Pathnames 3.4.6 Creating and Moving to Directories 3.4.7 Traversing Directory Trees 3.4.8 Exercises 4 Numerical Computing in Python 4.1 A Quick NumPy Primer 4.1.1 Creating Arrays 4.1.2 Array Indexing 4.1.3 Loops over Arrays 4.1.4 Array Computations 4.1.5 More Array Functionality 4.1.6 Type Testing 4.1.7 Matrix Objects 4.1.8 Exercises 4.2 Vectorized Algorithms 4.2.1 From Scalar to Array in Function Arguments 4.2.2 Slicing 4.2.3 Exercises 4.3 More Advanced Array Computing 4.3.1 Random Numbers 4.3.2 Linear Algebra 4.3.3 Plotting 4.3.4 Example: Curve Fitting 4.3.5 Arrays on Structured Grids 4.3.6 File I/O with NumPy Arrays 4.3.7 Functionality in the Numpyutils Module 4.3.8 Exercises 4.4 Other Tools for Numerical Computations 4.4.1 The ScientificPython Package 4.4.2 The SciPy Package 4.4.3 The Python- Matlab Interface 3 4.4.4 Symbolic Computing in Python 4.4.5 Some Useful Python Modules 5 Combining Python with Fortran, C, and C++ 5.1 About Mixed Language Programming 5.1.1 Applications of Mixed Language Programming 5.1.2 Calling C from Python 5.1.3 Automatic Generation of Wrapper Code 5.2 Scientific Hello World Examples 5.2.1 Combining Python and Fortran 5.2.2 Combining Python and C 5.2.3 Combining Python and C++ Functions 5.2.4 Combining Python and C++ Classes 5.2.5 Exercises 5.3 A Simple Computational Steering Example 5.3.1 Modified Time Loop for Repeated Simulations 5.3.2 Creating a P ython Interface 5.3.3 The Steering Python Script 5.3.4 Equipping the Steering Script with a GUI 5.4 Scripting Interfaces to Large Libraries 6 Introduction to GUI Programming 6.1 Scientific Hello World GUI 6.1.1 Introductory Topics 6.1.2 The First Python/Tkinter Encounter 6.1.3 Binding Events 6.1.4 Changing the Layout 6.1.5 The Final Scientific Hello World GUI 6.1.6 An Alternative to Tkinter Variables 6.1.7 About the Pack Command 6.1.8 An Introduction to the Grid Geometry Manager 6.1.9 Implementing a GUI as a Class 6.1.10 A Simple Graphical Function Evaluator 6.1.11 Exercises 6.2 Adding GUis to Scripts 6.2.1 A Simulation and Visualization Script with a GUI 6.2.2 Improving the Layout 6.2.3 Exercises 6.3 A List of Common Widget Operations 6.3.1 Frame 6.3.2 Label 6.3.3 Button 6.3.4 Text Entry 6.3.5 Balloon Help 6.3.6 Option Menu 6.3.7 Slider 6.3.8 Check Button 6.3.9 Making a Simple Megawidget 6.3.10 Menu Bar 6.3.11 List Data 6.3.12 Listbox 6.3.13 Radio Button 6.3.14 Combo Box 6.3.15 Message Box 6.3.16 User-Defined Dialogs 6.3.17 Color-Picker Dialogs 6.3.18 File Selection Dialogs 6.3.19 Toplevel 6.3.20 Some Other Types of Widgets 6.3.21 Adapting Widgets to the User's Resize Actions 6.3.22 Customizing Fonts and Colors 6.3.23 Widget Overview 6.3.24 Exercises 7 Web Interfaces and CGI Programming 7.1 Introductory CGI Scripts 7.1.1 Web Forms and CGI Scripts 7.1.2 Generating Forms in CGI Scripts 7.1.3 Debugging CGI Scripts 7.1.4 A General Shell Script Wrapper for CGI Scripts 7.1.5 Security Issues 7.2 Adding Web Interfaces to Scripts 7.2.1 A Class for Form Parameters 7.2.2 Calling Other Programs 7.2.3 Running Simulations 7.2.4 Getting a CGI Script to Work 7.2.5 Using Web Applications from Scripts 7.2.6 Exercises 8 Advanced Python 8.1 Miscellaneous Topics 8.1.1 Parsing Command-Line Arguments 8.1.2 Platform-Dependent Operations 8.1.3 Run-Time Generation of Code 8.1.4 Exercises 8.2 Regular Expressions and Text Processing 8.2.1 Motivation 8.2.2 Special Characters 8.2.3 Regular Expressions for Real Numbers 8.2.4 Using Groups to Extract Parts of a Text 8.2.5 Extracting Interval Limits 8.2.6 Extracting Multiple Matches 8.2.7 Splitting Text 8.2.8 Pattern-Matching Modifiers 8.2.9 Substitution and Backreferences 8.2.10 Example: Swapping Arguments in Function Calls 8.2.11 A General Substitution Script 8.2.12 Debugging Regular Expressions 8.2.13 Exercises 8.3 Tools for Handling Data in Files 8.3.1 Writing and Reading Python Data Structures 8.3.2 Pickling Objects 8.3.3 Shelving Objects 8.3.4 Writing and Reading Zip and Tar Archive Files 8.3.5 Downloading Internet Files 8.3.6 Binary Input/Output 8.3.7 Exercises 8.4 A Database for NumPy Arrays 8.4.1 The Structure of the Database 8.4.2 Pickling 8.4.3 Formatted ASCII Storage 8.4.4 Shelving 8.4.5 Comparing the Various Techniques 8.5 Scripts Involving Local and Remote Hosts 8.5.1 Secure Shell Commands 8.5.2 Distributed Simulation and Visualization 8.5.3 Client/Server Programming 8.5.4 Threads 8.6 Classes 8.6.1 Class Programming 8.6.2 Checking the Class Type 8.6.3 Private Data 8.6.4 Static Data 8.6.5 Special Attributes 8.6.6 Special Methods 8.6.7 Multiple Inheritance 8.6.8 Using a Class as a C-like Structure 8.6.9 Attribute Access via String Names 8.6.10 New-Style Classes 8.6.11 Implementing Get/Set Functions via Properties 8.6.12 Subclassing Built-in Types 8.6.13 Building Class Interfaces at Run Time 8.6.14 Building Flexible Class Interfaces 8.6.15 Exercises 8.7 Scope of Variables 8.7.1 Global, Local, and Class Variables 8.7.2 Nested Functions 8.7.3 Dictionaries of Variables in Namespaces 8.8 Exceptions 8.8.1 Handling Exceptions 8.8.2 Raising Exceptions 8.9 Iterators 8.9.1 Constructing an Iterator 8.9.2 A Pointwise Grid Iterator 8.9.3 A Vectorized Grid Iterator 8.9.4 Generators 8.

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS: Preface. - A summary of key issues addressed in this document. - 1: Brief Overview of the Science on Water and Climate. - 1.1 Introduction. - 1.2 Climatic Information. - 1.2.1 Current expectations of future climate in light of uncertainties. - 1.2.2 Anticipated global climate change and water resources. - 1.2.3 Regional climate change. - 1.3 Water Resources. - 1.3.1 Why do water resources matter?. - 1.3.2 What do we know from past experiences of climate variability and change?. - 1.3.3 What do we expect for the future?. - 1.3.4 How reliable is our information?. - 1.3.5 How do we prepare for the future?. - 1.4 Impacts of Climate Change on Water-Related Extremes: Background. - 1.5 Floods. - 1.5.1 Why do floods matter?. - 1.5.2 What do we know from the past about floods?. - 1.5.3 What do we expect for the future?. - 1.5.4 What are our information needs on flow data?. - 1.5.5 How do we prepare for the future?. - 1.6 Droughts. - 1.6.1 Why do droughts matter?. - 1.6.2 What do we know from the past about droughts?. - 1.6.3 What do we expect for the future?. - 1.6.4 What are our information needs?. - 1.6.5 How do we prepare for the future?. - 1.7 Concluding Thoughts. - 2: Coping with Climate Variability and Climate Change in Water Resources. - 2.1 Introduction. - 2.2 Who are Water Managers and What do They Manage?. - 2.3 Integrated Water Resources Management as Prerequisite for Coping and Adaptation. - 2.3.1 What is IWRM?. - 2.3.2 Spatial and temporal scale issues in IWRM. - 2.3.3 IWRM in developing countries. - 2.4 Coping Strategies for Dealing with Uncertainties Associated with Climate Variability and Change. - 2.4.1 Water resources engineering. - 2.4.2 Agriculture. - 2.4.3 Climate forecasting. - 2.4.4 Indigenous coping strategies. - 2.4.5 Approaches to adapting to and coping with climate variability and change. - 2.5 Concluding Thoughts. - 3: A Conceptual Framework for Identifying ‘Hot Spots’ of Vulnerability to Climate Variability and Climate Change. - 3.1 ‘Hot Spots’: Regions of High Vulnerability. - 3.2 Identifying and Assessing Hot Spots of Water Resources Vulnerability with Respect to Climate Change. - 3.3 Related Research That Can Contribute to Hot Spot Assessment. - 3.4 Development Needed for Improved Vulnerability Assessment. - 3.5 First Steps Towards a New Framework for Vulnerability Assessment of Water Resources. - 3.5.1 The suggested framework. - 3.5.2 Hot spots at different spatial and temporal scales. - 3.6 Examples of Applying the Framework. - 3.6.1 The Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Basin. - 3.6.2 Over-abstracted aquifers in the Mediterranean. - 3.7 Concluding Thoughts. - 4: Policy Analysis and Institutional Frameworks in Climate and Water. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Evolution of a Political Framework for Water Resource Management. - 4.3 Critical Review of Present Approaches and Policy Responses with Regard to IWRM. - 4.4 Institutional Decision-Making on Water and Climate in the North and South. - 4.4.1 Data and decisions. - 4.4.2 North-South collaboration and dialogue. - 4.4.3 National and regional power structures. - 4.5 Barriers to Success in Current Practices in Water Resources Management. - 4.6 Identification of Solutions. - 4.6.1 The need for new paradigms. - 4.6.2 Economic stability and access to markets. - 4.6.3 Institutional capacity for water management. - 4.6.4 Participation in water management. - 4.6.5 Information sharing and awareness. - 4.6.6 The facilitating role of government. - 4.6.7 Co-operative agreements. - 4.7 Challenges and Recommendations. - 4.7.1 The political debate on ‘the poor’. - 4.7.2 The political debate on climate change. - 4.7.3 Institutional capacity building. - 4.8 Concluding Thoughts. - Appendix A: Summary of Findings from IPCC (2001) Reports on the Theme of Water and Climate. - A.1 Preamble. - A.2 Introduction. - A.3. Current State of Climate Change and Water Research Since the IPCC’s Second Assessment Report of 1995. - A.4 Climate Scenarios. - A.5 Climate Modelling. - A.6 Effects on the Hydrological Cycle. - A.6.1 Precipitation. - A.6.2 Evapotranspiration. - A.6.3 Soil moisture. - A.6.4 Groundwater recharge. - A.6.5 River flows. - A.6.6 Other Hydrological Responses. - A.7 Effects of Climate Change on Water Withdrawals. - A.8 Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources. - A.9 Adaptation Options and Management Implications. - Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms. - Appendix C: Glossary of Terms. - Appendix D: List of Authors and their Affiliations. - References.

Note: CONTENTS: From the author. - Foreword (V. M. Kotlyakov, the academician of Russian Academy of Science). - Introduction. - 1. A legal status of research in Antarctic. - 2. The Russian (Soviet) Antarctic expeditions. - 3. The first stage of the Russian Antarctic research (1956-1965). - 3.1. General characteristic of the first stage. - 3.2. Types of observations and research at the first stage of Soviet Antarctic expedition (SAE). - 3.3. Main scientific results of the first stage of SAE operation. - 4. The second stage of the Russian Antarctic Research (1966-1973). - 4.1. General characteristic of the second stage of SAE operation. - 4.2. Types of observations and research at the second stage of SAE operation. - 4.3. Main scientific results of the second stage of SAE operation. - 5. The third stage of the Russian Antarctic Research (1974-1990). - 5.1. General characteristic of the third stage of SAE operation. - 5.2. Types of observations and research at the third stage of SAE operation. - 5.3. Main basic scientific results ofthe third stage of SAE operation. - 6. The fourth stage of the Russian Antarctic Research (1991-2005). - 6.1. General characteristic of the fourth stage of Russian Antarctic expedition (RAE) operation. - 6.2. Types of observations and research at the fourth stage of RAE operation. - 6.3. Main scientific results of the fourth stage of RAE operation. - Conclusion. - References. - Appendices (1-8): Appendix 1. Chronology of RAE (SAE) operation. - Appendix 2. Number of native publications on various disciplines. - Appendix 3. Members of the Russian Antarctic expeditions. - Appendix 4. Number of RAE (SAE) wintering stations. - Appendix 5. Number of vessels operated in RAE (SAE). - Appendix 6. Volume of the cargo delivered by RAE (SAE) vessels. - Appendix 7. Wintering RAE (SAE) members. - Appendix 8. Photo portraits of the Russian Antarctic researchers. , In kyrillischer Schrift , Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache

Note: Contents: 1 Introduction ; 2 Income Taxation ; 3 Models of Optimal Lifetime Income Taxation with Time-Consistent Preferences ; 4 Models of Optimal Lifetime Income Taxation with Time-Inconsistent Preferences ; 5 Incomplete Markets and Social Security ; 6 Models of Optimal Retirement Incentives with Varying Disutility of Labor ; 7 Models of Optimal Retirement Incentives with Varying Life Expectancy ; 8 Pension Insurance Reform with a Focus onGermany ; 9 Theory and Policy

Note: Contents: Conference Programme. - Session 1: Contamination / Chairman: D. Hunkeler. - Compound-specific isotope methods in contaminant hydrogeology: State-of-the-art and challenges / D. Hunkeler, Y. Abe. - Stable isotope study of a volatile hydrocarbons contaminated landfill site, Bortfol, Switzerland / Thierry R. Oppikofer, Torsten W. Vennemann, Jorge E. Spangenberg, Markus Bill. - Application of compound-specific stable carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis to characterize organic contamination of groundwater / Jeroen Verhack, Jan Bronders, Ilse Van Keer, Rudy Swennen, Jan Schwarzbauer, Tom N.P. Bosma. - Evidences for in situ natural attenuation of Monochlorobenzene in an anaerobic contaminated aquifer / Ivonne Nijenhuis, Sylvia Uhlig, Arno Kaschl, Marcell Nikolausz, Matthias Kastner, Hans-Hermann Richnow. - Stable isotopes as expert witness in traffic accidents: assessing the likelihood between forensic samples of motor oils / Jorge E. Spangenberg, Georges Pierrini, Christophe Champod, Franco Taroni. - Isotopic investigation of dissolved and sedimentary sulfur compounds for assessing in-situ biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a sulfate rich urban aquifer / Kay Knoeller, Michael Schubert. - Tracing the impact of river bank filtration on the transport of xenobiotica in urban groundwater by stable isotopes / Karsten Osenbrück, Rolf Trettin, Kay Knoller, Gerhard Strauch, Hans-Reinhard Glaser, Monika Möder. - Effects of covering spoil piles on its water budget determined by environmental isotopes / Stephan M. Weise, Jutta Parnieske-Pasterkamp, Rene Vogt, Franziska Rudolph. - Session 2: Geochemistry & Water / Chairman: J. Hoefs. - Isotope fingerprints in the earth sciences: a critical discussion / Jochen Hoefs. - Stable isotope ratio measurements using the Finnigan NEPTUNE multi collector ICPMS using high mass resolution / Johannes Schwieters, Claudia Bouman. - The mineral isotope composition of two Precambrian carbotiatitc complexes from the Karelian - Kola region / Marion Tichomirowa, Gerhard Grosche, Boris Belyatski, Elena Savva, Jörg Keller, Jens Gotze, Wolfgang Todi. - Development of methods for recovery of water from fluid inclusions for stable isotope analysis / Yuri Dublyansky. - Determination of δD and δ18O in brackish and saline natural waters. Part I: The question of distillation of water samples prior to isotopic analysis / Adam Porowski, Peter Kowski. - Isotopic evidences for a new type of groundwater in the Kinnerct basin, Israel / C. Siebert, S. Geyer, P. Möller. - Geochemical and isotopic investigations of a fractured rock aquifer including embedded lakes / Elke Bozau, Gerhard Strauch. - High spatial resolution sulfur isotope analysis of sulfide minerals from the Kupferschiefer deposits of Lubin area, SW Poland / H. Roy Krouse, Jan Parafiniuk, Jaroslaw Nowak, Stan Halas. - Stable isotope composition of daily and monthly precipitation in Zagreb / Jadranka Barešic, Nada Horvatincic, Ines Krajcar Bronic, Bogomil Obelic. - Geochemical investigations of the dissolved gases in the Boom Clay pore water / Sándor Kele, Hugo Moors, Maarten Van Geet, Mieke De Craen, Staf Valkiers, Mihai Variant. - The water isotopes use for determination of water origin in karstic areas: case study / Victor Feurdean, Lucia Feurdean, Ion Stefanescu, Carmen Varlam, Mihai Gligan. - Concentration and separation of uranium and thorium from sediment in north Algerian Sahara using organophosphorus extractant and ions exchange resin / A. W. Badreddine, H. Brahimi, F. Boucheneb. - Session 3: Ecology / Chairman: L. Waasenaar. - Global application of stable hydrogen isotopes to wildlife forensics / Leonard l. Wassenaar, Keith A. Hobson, Gabriel J. Bowen. - Nitrogen isotope ratios as indicator of organic production / Hilmar Forstel, Angelika Basu, Markus Boner. - Effects of clear cutting and soil preparation on natural 15N abundance and N concentration in the needle and soil of two boreal conifer tree species / S. P. Sah, H. llvesniemi. - Carbon isotopes distribution along pine needles (Pinus nigra) / Lidia Barszczowska, Mariusz-Orion Jedrysek. - Potential of natural fouling communities for assimilation offish farm derived particulate nitrogen: a case study in Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea) / Sonja Lojen, Timor Katz, Anat Tsemel, Ehud Spanier, Dror L. Angel. - CO2 concentration and δ13C through time in sets of monthly air samples from downtown Parma and from the Parma and Taro river valleys, Italy / Antonio Longinelli. - Carbon isotope discrimination affected by atmospheric pollutants / Ralf Wagner. - Turnover of soil organic carbon - The microbial perspective / Christiane Kramer & Gerd Gleixner. - C and O isotope working standards from C3 and C4 photosynthates / Jorge E. Spangenberg. - Use of 15N tracer technique to understand chronic responses of Daphnia magna after shortterm expose to the pyrethroid insecticide fenvalerate / Sebastian Reynaldi, Matthias Liess, Klaus Jung. - Anthropogenic lakes - negligible sources for climate relevant gases? / Horst-Michael Nitzsche, Frank W. Junge. - Effects of environmental factors on δ13C of lichens / Stela Maria Cuna, Gabriela Balas, Elza Hauer. - Online measurement of N2-fluxes from soil cores by using the zeolite KÖSTROLITH SX6® coupled to a GC-ConFlow-IRMS / O. Spott, B. Apelt, R. Russow, C. F. Stange. - Deuterium content in plants with short lifetime: preliminary results / Victor Feurdean, Lucia Feurdean, Silviu Apahidean, Maria Apahidean, Augusta Lujerdean, Mihai Gligan. - Session 4: Sedimentology / Chairman: M. E. Böttcher. - Authigenic sulfur phases as recorders for black shale-triggered anaerobic oxidation of methane: Results from ODP Leg 207 / M.E. Böttcher, H.-J. Brumsack, A. Hetzel, A. Schipper. - Microbially-derived methane in coalbed gases: compound-specific carbon-isotopic study of coalbed gases from the Illinois Basin, USA / D. Strapoc, A. Schimmelmann, M. Mastalerz. - Early diagenesis of sulphur in recent estuarine sediments (Authie Bay, N France) / Sonja Lojen, Nevenka Mikac, Cedric Gabelle, Michel Wartel. - Sulfur and oxygen isotopes of Lower Miocene nonmarine evaporites in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin / S. Halas, T.M. Peryt, I. Pluta. - Ordovician and Silurian carbon isotope trend: a state of art report based on the East Baltic data / Tonu Martma, Dimitri Kaljo. - Variations of δ13 CTOC values of clastic sediments from Thuringia related to biogeochemical carbon cycle / Karin Bräuer, Knut Hahne, Birgit Mingram, Ulrich Wand. - Basin-Scale changes in Upper Cretaceous paleosols: paleoenvironmentai implication for the Maastricht deposits, South Carpathians / Ana-Voica Bojar, Dan Grigorescu, Franz Ottner, Zoltan Csiki. - Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen isotope fractionation during experimental formation of pirssonite / M. E. Böttcher, S.M. Bernasconi, K. Simon. - Carbon isotope fractionation of methane and CO2 during coalbed gas desorption from coal, Illinois Basin, USA / D. Strapoc, A. Schimmelmann, M Mastahrz. - Carbon istopic preliminary studies on paleoenvironmentai variations recorded in the Lower Carboniferous deposits from the Bardzkie Mountains (Sudetes, SW Poland) / Monika Majewska-Bill, Mariusz Orion Jedrysek. - Session 5: Paleoclimatology / Chairman: G. H. Schleser. - Stable isotopes as proxies for the reconstruction of past climates / G.H. Schleser. - A stable isotope record of an ice core from Akadumii Nauk ice cap, Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic / Diedrich Fritzsche, Rainer Schütt, Hanno Meyer, Heinrich Miller, Frank Wilhelms, Lev M. Savatyugin. - Stable isotope investigations on tree-ring cellulose of Late Glacial pine chronology of Reichwakie (Lusatia). Effects caused by destruction of fossil woods / M. Haupt, R. Wagner, T. Boettger. - Effect of river regulation on the isotopic characteristics of river water and molluscs / István Fórizs. - Stable isotope study on the carbonate phases of the Basahare toess-paleosol profile (Hungary) / Bernadett Bajnó

Note: Contents Foreword Introduction / Charles Cockell, Gerda Horneck 1. Mars Simulations - Past Studies on the Biological Response to Simulated Martian Conditions / Aviaja Anna Hansen 2. Possible Atmospheric and UV Conditions on Mars in the Past - Biological Implications / H. Lammer, Yu. N. Kulikov 3. The Microbial Case for Mars and its Implication for Human Expeditions to Mars / Gerda Horneck 4. Response of Organics to Simulated Martian Conditions / J.R.C. Garry, I.L. ten Kate, P. Ehrenfreund, B.H. Foing 5. Mars Simulation Experiments with Complex Microbial Soil Communities / Kai Finster, Aviaja A. Hansen, Lars Liengaard, Karina Mikkelsen, Tommy Kristoffersen, Jonathan Merrison, Per Nornberg, Bente Aa.Lomstein 6. Fungi From Antarctic Desert Rocks as Analogues for Martian Life / S. Onofri, L. Zucconi, L. Selbmann, G. S. de Hoog, D. Barreca, S. Ruisi, M. Grube 7. The Response of Bacillus Subtilis to Simulated Martian Conditions and to the Space Environment / Petra Rettberg 8. Photosynthetic Organisms on Mars - Prospects and Limitations / Charles S. Cockell, Andrew C. Schuerger, Daniela Billi, E. Imre Friedmann, Corinna Panitz 9. Viable Haloarchaea from Ancient Salt Sediments and their Response to Simulated Mars Conditions / Helga Stan-Lotter, Sergiu Fendrihan 10. Response of Methanogenic Archaea from Siberian Permafrost to Martian Thermophysical Conditions / Daria Morozova, Diedrich Mohlmann, Dirk Wagner 11. Adaptation of the Lichen Rhizocarpon Geographicum to Harsh High-Altitude Conditions: Relevance to a Habitable Mars / Rosa de la Torre, Leopoldo Garcia-Sancho, Gerda Horneck 12. Photosynthetic Life Support Systems in the Martian Conditions / Kirsi Lehto, Eira Kanervo, Kurt Stahle, Harry Lehto, Milja Tammi, Joni Virtanen 13. Photo-Catalytic Redox-Processes and Adsorption Water on Mars / Chr. Jung, D. Mohlmann, Chr. Sattler, R. Staudt, M. Weeks 14. Design, Building and Applications of a Portable Martian UV Simulator / C. Kolb, R. Abart, A. Berces, J.R.C. Garry, A. A. Hansen, W. Hohenau, G. Kargl, H. Lammer, MR. Patel, P. Rettberg, H. Stan-Lotter 15. Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Extremophilic Organisms Under Martian Conditions / Howell G. M. Edwards

Note: Contenido PREFACIO A LA MEMORIA DE MIA JEAN TEGNER PRESENTACIÓN DE APERTURA Reducción de la vulnerabilidad a episodios de El Niño como parte de la planificación en áreas del desarrollo / STEPHEN BENDER SECCIÓN I - ECOSISTEMA MARINO Aspectos oceanográficos de El Niño 1997-98 y su relación con los recursos pelágicos / OCTAVIO MORÓN Y MIGUEL SARMIENTO El fitoplancton frente a la costa peruana durante El Niño 1997-98 / ELCIRA DELGADO, SONIA SÁNCHEZ, FLOR CHANG, PATRICIA VILLANUEVA Y CÉSAR FERNÁNDEZ Variabilidad del fitoplancton en la bahía de Ancón, Lima- Perú, durante El Niño 1997-98 / NOEMÍ OCHOA Y GABRIELA RUILLÓN Efecto de El Niño en el fitoplancton de la bahía de llo, Moque gua / OLGA GÓMEZ Efectos del evento El Niño 1997-98 sobre la distribución y abundancia de anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) / MARIANO GUTIÉRREZ Fluctuaciones de la ictiofauna pelágica en la región norte-centro del litoral peruano de 1994 a 1998 / MARILÚ BOUCHON, SANDRA CAHUÍN Y MIGUEL ÑIQUEN Los peces como indicadores de El Niño en el ecosistema marino peruano desde 1972 a 1998 / ALBERTINA KAMEYA, MIGUEL LLEELLISH Y LUIS CACCHA El Niño 1997-98 y la reproducción de la merluza Merluccius gayi peruanus en el Perú / ANGEL PEREA, BETSY BUITRÓN Y ENRIQUE MECKLENBURG Tecnología espacial y pesca / ANIBAL DÍAZ Y GUILLERMO HASEMBANK A model for the negative effects of El Niño and La Niña oscillation on marine bivalves: Gari solida from Bahía Independencia, Perú / HANS-JÖRG URBAN Los índices de El Niño y del impacto sobre las comunidades bentónicas / JUAN TARAZONA, WOLF ARNTZ, SONIA VALLE Y TANIA PEÑA Estrategias de vigilancia biológica del evento El Niño / MARIO EDDING Y MARCELA BLANCO Biological impacts ofthe 1997-98 El Niño in the californias: kelp forests were devastated / MIA TEGNER Densidad de Stichaster striatus en la orilla rocosa de Ancón durante El Niño 1997-98 / LEONARDO ROMERO Evaluación poblacional del percebe Pollicipes elegans en las islas Lobos: 1996 y 1998 / MARTÍN QUEVEDO, MANUEL SAMAMÉ, JAVIER CASTRO, JAIME DE LA CRUZ Y JORGE FUPUY La pesca del langostino titíXiphopenaeus riveti en la caleta San José, Lambayeque, Perú / JAVIER CASTRO, MARTÍN QUEVEDO Y JAIME DE LA CRUZ Talla, densidad y distribución de Argopecten purpuratus durante 1998 en la bahía de San Lorenzo, Callao, Perú / JUAN ARGÜELLES Y GLADYS CASTILLO Bases para el estudio de las adaptaciones evolutivas de la biodiversidad frente a El Niño en la costa peruana / GONZALO CASTRO SECCIÓN II - ECOSISTEMA TERRESTRE El Niño y las inundaciones en el noreste argentino / ENRIQUE J. SCHNACK, UBALDO R. COLADO, FERNANDO O. DE FRANCESCO, LUIS C. GARCÍA LOZANO Y JUAN A. SCHNACK El Niño 1997-98 y los bosques secos de la costa norte del Perú, caso Sechura y Tambogrande en Piura / JUAN TORRES Productividad primaria neta durante El Niño 1997-98 en los bosques secos de Piura, Perú / CATERINA CÁRDENAS, JUAN TORRES Y JOEL RODAS Dinámica poolacional de los algarrobales (Prosopis pallida)y El Niño en la costa norte del Perú / SUSANA GUSHIKEN, TANIA ACUÑA Y JUAN TORRES La reforestación con algarrobo en zona desértica de Piura, Perú / JORGE VERA TUDELA, JOSEP TRÍAS, LUIS ALBÁN, GUILLERMO MORALES Y JOSÉ ROMERO Condiciones meteorológicas en los algarrobales del caserío Bella Esperanza (Piura, Perú) durante 1991-1998 / YONEL MENDOZA Y MARÍA VILA Impacto de El Niño sobre los cultivos vegetales y la productividad primaria en la sierra central de Piura / FIDEL TORRES, FLAVIO PEÑA, RAMIRO CRUZ Y EVARISTO GÓMEZ El Niño 1997-1998 y el cultivo de papa en la costa central del Perú / ROLANDO EGÚSQUIZA Y SATURNINO ATAUCUSI Flora vascular en las lomas de Ancón y Carabay llo Lima, Perú durante El Niño 1997-98 / ASUNCIÓN CANO, MÓNICA ARAKAKI, JOSÉ ROQUE, MARÍA l. LA TORRE, NANCY REFULIO Y CÉSAR ARANA Productividad primaria de las plantas anuales durante El Niño 1997-98 en las Lomas de Mejia (Islay, Arequipa-Perú) / CARMELO TALA VERA, PERCY JIMÉNEZ, ALDO ORTEGA, LUIS VILLEGAS Y FRANCISCO VILLASANTE Poblaciones de zancudos en la Provincia Constitucional del Callao durante y después del evento El Niño 1997-98 / ROCÍO MORENO, MARÍA REYES, JOSÉ CHAUCA Y JOSÉ IANNACONE SECCIÓN III - CONSECUENCIAS SOCIO-ECONÓMICA Las reacciones del sector pesquero chileno al evento El Niño 1997-98 / DANIEL SUMAN Impacto de El Niño 1997-98 en la actividad pesquera del departamento de Piura / WILLIAM LEÓN La construcción social de la deforestación en México: los incendios de 1998 en la selva tropical de los Chimalapas / DAVID BARKIN y MIGUEL ÁNGEL GARCÍA Comportamiento del período seco y lluvioso e impactos de El Niño en Panamá / CÉSAR CASTILLO Los múltiples avatares de El Niño / ANNE-MARIE HOCQUENGHEM, EVELYNE MESCLIER Y MARÍA TERESA ORÉ Carta de susceptibilidad al peligro de inundaciones: el caso de las lagunas de Sechura / CARLOS TAVARES, FERNÁN ALAYZA Y JAVIER RAMÍREZ Impacto de El Niño 1997-98 en Lambayeque, Perú / JORGE CHANAMÉ, VíCTOR ALVITRES, JORGE FUPUY Y MIGUEL CORTEZ Uso del SIG en la evaluación de daños en la Carretera Panamericana entre Tumbes y Chiclayo / MOISÉS CASTILLO Y ANTONIO RAMÍREZ Efecto de El Niño 1997-98 sobre la salud en la cuenca de Huaura, Sayán / NELSON PACHECO, DENNY RODRÍGUEZ Y LINO CÁCERES SECCIÓN IV - EL NIÑO EN EL PASADO Reconstrucción del registro histórico de eventos El Niño en el Perú: un estado de avance / LUC ORTLIEB Y ANNE-MARIE HOCQUENGHEM Eventos ENOS como pulso de los océanos datos de anillos de árboles de 7 000 AP y 6 000 AP / JAMES H.L. LAWLER TAMAs, ocurrencia episódica de moluscos tropicales en el norte de Chile y evento El Niño / NURY GUZMÁN AMANDA DÍAZ, LUC ORTLIEB Y MARCELA CLARKE ¿1544, un año de El Niño? / ENRIQUE ANGULO El diluvio de 1891 / HUMBERTO RODRÍGUEZ LISTA DE REVISORES ÍNDICE , In spanischer und englischer Sprache

Note: Enthält 4 Zeitschriftenartikel , Dissertation, University of Bergen, 2003 , Contents: Introduction Paper I: Weichselian stratigraphy and glaciotectonic deformation along the lower Pechora River, Arctic Russia / Henriksen, M., Mangerud, J., Maslenikova, O., Matiouchkov, A. and Tveranger, J. Paper II: Lake stratigraphy implies an 80 000 yr delayed melting of buried dead ice in northern Russia / Henriksen, M., Mangerud, J., Matiouchkov, A., Paus, A. and Svendsen, J. I. Paper III: Late Pleistocene record from Lake Yamozero, Timian Ridge, northern Russia / Henriksen, M., Mangerud, J., Paus, A. and Svendsen, J. I. Paper IV: Ice-dammed lakes and the rerouting of the drainage of Northern Eurasia during the last glaciation / Mangerud, J., Jakobsson, M., Alexanderson, H. [und 11 weitere]

Note: CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 BASIC INFORMATION 2.1 SUMMARY TABLE (NET BALANCE, ELA, ELA0, AAR, AAR0) 2.2 CUMULATIVE SPECIFIC NET BALANCE GRAPHS 3 DETAILED INFORMATION 3.1 GLACIAR BAHIA DEL DIABLO (ANTARCTICA) 3.1.1 Topography and observational network 3.1.2 Net balance maps 2001/02 and 2002/03 3.1.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.1.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.2 MARTIAL ESTE (ARGENTINA) 3.2.1 Topography and observational network 3.2.2 Net balance maps 2001/02 and 2002/03 3.2.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.2.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.3 VERNAGTFERNER (AUSTRIA) 3.3.1 Topography and observational network 3.3.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.3.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.3.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.4 ZONGO (BOLIVIA) 3.4.1 Topography and observational network 3.4.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.4.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.4.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.5 WHITE (CANADA) 3.5.1 Topography and observational network 3.5.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.5.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.5.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.6 URUMQIHE S. NO. 1 (CHINA) 3.6.1 Topography and observational network 3.6.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.6.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.6.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.7 FONTANA BIANCA (ITALY) 3.7.1 Topography and observational network 3.7.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.7.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.7.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.8 TSENTRALNIY TUYUKSUYSKIY (KAZAKHSTAN) 3.8.1 Topography and observational network 3.8.2 Net balance map (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.8.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.8.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.9 NIGARDSBREEN (NORWAY) 3.9.1 Topography and observational network 3.9.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.9.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.9.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.10 WALDEMARBREEN (NORWAY) 3.10.1 Topography and observational network 3.10.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.10.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.10.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.11 DJANKUAT (RUSSIA) 3.11.1 Topography and observational network 3.11.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.11.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.11.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.12 MALIY AKTRU (RUSSIA) 3.12.1 Topography and observational network 3.12.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.12.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.12.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.13 STORGLACIÄREN (SWEDEN) 3.13.1 Topography and observational network 3.13.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.13.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.13.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 4 FINAL REMARKS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS AND NATIONAL CORRESPONDENTS 5.1 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS 5.2 NATIONAL CORRESPONDENTS OF WGMS

Note: Contents: 1:Information, Equilibrium, Efficiency Concepts ; 2:No-Trade Theorems, Asset Pricing, Bubbles ; 3:Market Microstructure Models ; 4:Dynamic Models, Technical Analysis and Volume ; 5:Herding and Informational Cascades ; 6:Crashes, Investigative Herding, Bank Runs

Note: Contents: Continuous Path Processes ; Continuous-Path Random Processes: Mathematical Prerequisites ; Basic Concepts and Examples in Finance ; Hitting Times: A Mix of Mathematics and Finance ; Complements on Brownian Motion ; Complements on Continuous Path Processes ; A Special Family of Diffusions: Bessel Processes ; Jump Processes ; Default Risk: An Enlargement of Filtration Approach ; Poisson Processes and Ruin Theory ; General Processes: Mathematical Facts ; Mixed Processes ; Lévy Processes

Note: CONTENTS Page Preface Summary Introduction Temperature correction factors Crushing strength Tensile strength · Shear strength Torsional shear strength Work of disaggregation of snow Angle of internal friction and apparent unit cohesion Discussion of results References

Note: CONTENTS Introduction I. Physiographic description of study area II. Structure of the marginal zone of the ice cap III. Geomorphologic processes IV. Recent glacial history of the ice margin

Note: CONTENTS Page Preface Summary Introduction Experimental Materials Apparatus and technique Preparation of snow fractions Experimental results Aging of snow cylinders Compressive strength as a function of particle size Mixture of fractions Influence of gases on the compressive strength of snow Discussion References

Note: CONTENTS Page Preface Summary Introduction Apparatus and method Experimental results and discussion Historical background Range of Darcy's law Effect of porosity on the permeability of snow Bader's equation Conclusion References Appendix I. Snow conversion table: Density to absolute porosity Appendix II. Effect on permeability of varying porosity in the sample Porosity varies with length Porosity varies with cross section

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Experimental General Apparatus Procedure Theoretical relations Additive theory Relationship between tests run for constant change in density and tests for constant time Results and discussion Group I experiments Group II experiments Stress dependence for group II tests Variability Time dependence Activation energy Relations between creep rates under different stress conditions Density dependence Lateral stress for confined-side tests Conclusions References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Climatic parameters which may affect arctic snow-cover density Results of study Regional variations in snow-cover density Prediction of average monthly snow-cover density in the arctic from air temperature and wind velocity Comparison of observed snow-cover density with density computed from the nomographs Relation between snow-cover temperature and air temperature Relation between hardness and density of the snow cover References

Note: CONTENTS Page Preface Summary Introduction Methods of preparation Measurements of structural properties Measurements on homogeneity and isotropy Results Structure data Orientation of c-axes Analysis of the distribution of the orientation of c-axes Preferred directions of the fabric Distribution of grain cross sections Size and shape of the counting areas Interrelations of the structure, data Conclusions Recommendations for further studies References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Derivation of mean annual air temperature data Annual accumulation References

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2008 , Table of contents Kurzfassung Abstract Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Scientific background 1.1.1 Arctic environmental dynamics 1.1.2 Freshwater ostracods and their use in palaeoenvironmental studies 1.1.3 Permafrost and periglacial environment 1.2 Aims and approaches 1.3 Study region 1.3.1 Study sites 1.3.2 Geological characteristics 1.3.3 Climate 1.3.4 Periglacial freshwaters 1.4 Synopsis Chapter 2: Arctic freshwater ostracods from modern periglacial environments in the Lena River Delta (Siberian Arctic, Russia): geochemical applications for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions 2.1 Abstract 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Study area and types of water bodies 2.4 Materials and methods 2.5 Results 2.5.1 Physico-chemical characteristics of the ostracod habitats 2.5.2 Ostracod taxonomy and environmental ranges of their habitats 2.5.3 Ostracod geochemistry 2.6 Discussion 2.6.1 Taxonomy and ecology of ostracods 2.6.2 Element ratios in ostracods and ambient waters 2.6.3 Stable isotopes in ostracods and ambient waters 2.7 Conclusions Chapter 3: Evaporation effects as reflected in freshwaters and ostracod calcite from modern environments in Central and Northeast Yakutia (East Siberia, Russia) 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Study area 3.4 Material and methods 3.4.1 Field work 3.4.2 Water analyses 3.4.3 Ostracod analyses 3.5 Results 3.5.1 Physico-chemical characteristics of the lakes and ponds 3.5.2 Ostracod taxonomy and environmental ranges 3.5.3 Stable isotopes in host waters and ostracod calcite 3.5.4 Element ratios in host waters and ostracod calcite 3.6 Discussion 3.6.1 Physico-chemical characteristics of the lakes and ponds 3.6.2 Ostracod taxonomy, biogeography, and environmental ranges 3.6.3 Stable isotopes in ostracod calcite 3.6.4 Element ratios in ostracod calcite 3.7 Conclusions Chapter 4: Eemian and Late Glacial/Holocene palaeoenvironmental records from permafrost sequences at the Dimitri Laptev Strait (NE Siberia, Russia) 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Regional setting 4.4 Material and methods 4.4.1 Field methods and cryolithology 4.4.2 Geochronology 4.4.3 Sedimentology and stable isotopes 4.4.4 Palaeoecological proxies 4.5 Results 4.5.1 Geochronology, lithostratigraphy, sedimentology, and cryolithology 4.5.1.1 Eemian sequences 4.4.1.2 Late Glacial/Holocene sequences 4.5.2 Stable isotope ground ice records 4.5.3 Pollen studies 4.5.3.1 Eemian sequences 4.5.3.2 Late Glacial/Holocene sequences 4.5.4 Ostracod studies 4.5.4.1 Eemian sequences 4.5.4.2 Late Glacial/Holocene sequences 4.6 Discussion and Interpretation 4.6.1 Local palaeoenvironmental changes during the Eemian 4.6.2 Local palaeoenvironmental changes during the Late Glacial/Holocene 4.6.3 Palaeoenvironmental interpretation of ostracod calcite δ18O data 4.7 Conclusions Chapter 5: Synthesis 5.1 Taxonomy and ecology of ostracods 5.2 Geochemistry of ostracods 5.3 Indicator potential of freshwater ostracods in late Quaternary permafrost deposits 5.4 Outlook Appendix I: Freshwater ostracodes in Quaternary permafrost deposits in the Siberian Arctic I.1 Abstract I.2 Introduction I.3 Study area and geological background I.4 Materials and methods I.5 Results and interpretations I.5.1 Ostracode zone I I.5.2 Ostracode zone II I.5.3 Ostracode zone III I.5.4 Ostracode zone IV I.5.5 Ostracode zone V I.5.6 Ostracode zone VI I.6 Conclusions 125 Appendix II: Palaeoenvironmental dynamics inferred from late Quaternary permafrost deposits on Kurungnakh Island, Lena Delta, Northeast Siberia, Russia II.1 Abstract II.2 Introduction II.3 Regional setting II.4 Material and methods II.4.1 Sedimentology and cryolithology II.4.2 Geochronology II.4.3 Stable isotopes II.3.4 Palaeoecological proxies II.5 Results II.5.1 Lithostratigraphy, sedimentology, and cryolithology II.5.1.1 Unit I II.5.1.2 Unit II II.5.1.3 Unit III II.5.1.4 Unit IV II.5.1.5 Unit V II.5.2 Geochronology II.5.3 Oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes of ground ice II.5.4 Palynological studies II.5.5 Plant macrofossils II.5.6 Ostracod remains II.5.7 Insect remains II.5.8 Mammal remains II.6 Discussion II.6.1 Local stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental interpretation II.6.2 Beringian palaeoenvironmental context II.7 Conclusions Supplementary data A Supplementary data B Supplementary data C Appendix III: Data tables from Chapters 2 and 3 Appendix IV: References Acknowledgements

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Lund, Lund University, 2002 , Contents Introduction Study areas Methods Results - summaries of papers Fieldwork and authorship contributions Paper I Paper II Paper III Paper IV Discussion Glaciations and landsystems Ice-sheet limits The nature of glacial cycles Conclusions Implications and ideas for the future Acknowledgements Svensk sammanfattning References Appendices I: Alexanderson, J.H. 2000: Landsat mapping of ice-marginal features on the Taymyr Peninsula, Siberia – image interpretation versus geological reality. Geological Quarterly 44(1) , 15-25. II: Alexanderson, H. , Hjort, C., Möller, P., Antonov, O. & Pavlov, M. 2001: The North Taymyr ice-marginal zone, Arctic Siberia – a preliminary overview and dating. Global and Planetary Change 31(1-4), 427-445. III: Alexanderson, H. , Adrielsson, L., Hjort, C., Möller, P., Antonov, O., Eriksson, S. & Pavlov, M. 2002: Depositional history of the North Taymyr ice-marginal zone, Siberia – a landsystem approach. Journal of Quaternary Science 17(4) , 361-382. IV: Adrielsson, L. & Alexanderson, H.: Two cycles of ice-sheet and coastal mountain glaciation in central East Greenland. Manuscript submitted to Boreas.

Note: Contents 1.0 PROGRAM GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 2.0 BACKGROUND 2.1 THE CANADIAN FOREST FIRE DANGER RATING SYSTEM'S FIRE WEATHER lNDEX 2.2 C-BAND SAR BACKSCATTER FROM BURNED BOREAL FORESTS 2.3 C-BAND SAR BACKSCATTER FROM UNBURNED BOREAL FORESTS 2.4 PREVIOUS FIRE-DANGER ANALYSIS USING ERS-SAR DATA 3.0 PROJECT SITE DESCRIPTIONS AND SAMPLING STRATEGY 3.1 STUDY AREA DESCRIPTIONS 3.2 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH 4.0 RESULTS OF FIELD MEASUREMENTS 4.1 PERMANENT SITES 4.2 SURFACE MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS 5.0 RESULTS OF SAR VERSUS FIRE DANGER CODES 5.1 ANALYSIS OF DONNELLY FLATS SAR BACKSCATTER VERSUS FIRE CODES 5.2 ANALYSIS OF SAR BACKSCATTER FROM 1HE HAJDUKOVICH CREEK 94 BURN VERSUS FIRE DANGER 5.3 COMBINATION OF TOK, HAJDUKOVICH CREEK, AND DONNELLY FLATS BACKSCATTER FOR FIRE DANGER ASSESSMENT 6.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 6.0 OUTREACH ACTIVITIES REFERENCES Figures 1,3,4,5

Note: Contents Contributors Part I. Alaska's Past and Present Environment 1. The Conceptual Basis of LTER Studies in the Alaskan Boreal Forest / F. Stuart Chapin III, john Yarie, Keith Van Cleve, and Leslie A. Viereck 2. Regional Overview of Interior Alaska / James E. Beget, David Stone, and David L Verbyla 3. State Factor Control of Soil Formation in Interior Alaska / Chien-Lu Ping, Richard D. Boone, Marcus H. Clark, Edmond C. Packee, and David K. Swanson 4. Climate and Permafrost Dynamics of the Alaskan Boreal Forest / Larry D. Hinzman, Leslie A. Viereck, Phyllis C. Adams, Vladimir E. Romanovsky, and Kenji Yoshikawa 5. Holocene Development of the Alaskan Boreal Forest / Andrea H. Lloyd, Mary E. Edwards, Bruce P. Finney, Jason A. Lynch, Valerie Barber, and Nancy H. Bigelow Part II. Forest Dynamics 6. Floristic Diversity and Vegetation Distribution in the Alaskan Boreal Forest / F. Stuart Chapin III, Teresa Hollingsworth, David F. Murray, Leslie A. Viereck, and Marilyn D. Walker 7. Successional Processes in the Alaskan Boreal Forest / F. Stuart Chapin III, Leslie A. Viereck, Phyllis C. Adams, Keith Van Cleve, Christopher L. Fastie, Robert A. Ott, Daniel Mann, and Jill F. Johnstone 8. Mammalian Herbivore Population Dynamics in the Alaskan Boreal Forest / Eric Rexstad and Knut Kielland 9. Dynamics of Phytophagous Insects and Their Pathogens in Alaskan Boreal Forests / Richard A. Werner, Kenneth F. Raffa, and Barbara L. Illman 10. Running Waters of the Alaskan Boreal Forest / Mark W. Oswood, Nicholas F. Hughes, and Alexander M. Milner Part III. Ecosystem Dynamics 11. Controls over Forest Production in Interior Alaska / John Yarie and Keith Van Cleve 12. The Role of Fine Roots in the Functioning of Alaskan Boreal Forests / Roger W. Ruess, Ronald L. Hendrick, Jason C. Vogel, and Bjartmar Sveinbjornsson 13. Mammalian Herbivory, Ecosystem Engineering, and Ecological Cascades in Alaskan Boreal Forests / Knut Kielland, John P. Bryant, and Roger W. Ruess 14. Microbial Processes in the Alaskan Boreal Forest / Joshua P. Schimel and F. Stuart Chapin III 15. Patterns of Biogeochemistry in Alaskan Boreal Forests / David W. Valentine, Knut Kielland, F. Stuart Chapin III, A. David McCuire, and Keith Van Cleve Part IV. Changing Regional Processes 16. Watershed Hydrology and Chemistry in the Alaskan Boreal Forest: The Central Role of Permafrost / Larry D. Hinzman, W. Robert Bolton, Kevin C. Petrone, Jeremy B. Jones, and Phyllis C. Adams 17. Fire Trends in the Alaskan Boreal Forest / Eric S. Kasischke, T. Scott Rupp, and David L. Verbyla 18. Timber Harvest in Interior Alaska / Tricia L. Wurtz, Robert A. Ott, and John C. Maisch 19. Climate Feedbacks in the Alaskan Boreal Forest / A. David McCuire and F. Stuart Chapin III 20. Communication of Alaskan Boreal Science with Broader Communities / Elena B. Sparrow, Janice C. Dawe, and F. Stuart Chapin III 21. Summary and Synthesis: Past and Future Changes in the Alaskan Boreal Forest / F. Stuart Chapin III, A. David McCuire, Roger W. Ruess, Marilyn W. Walker, Richard D. Boone, Mary E. Edwards, Bruce P. Finney, Larry D. Hinzman, Jeremy B. Jones, Clenn P. Juday, Eric S. Kasischke, Knut Kielland, Andrea H. Lloyd, Mark W. Oswood, Chien-Lu Ping, Eric Rexstad, Vladimir E. Romanovsky, Joshua P. Schimel, Elena B. Sparrow, Bjartmar Sveinbjornsson, David W. Valentine, Keith Van Cleve, David L. Verbyla, Leslie A. Viereck, Richard A. Werner, Tricia L. Wurtz, and John Yarie Index