ALBERT

Note: Contents: Part I: Understanding the resource nexus: Setting scenes ; 1 The Resource Nexus: Preface and Introduction ; 2 Appreciating wider environmental angles; 3 Scales and the resource nexus ; 4 Security, climate change and the resource nexus ; Part II: Analysing the resource nexus: Tools and metrics 5 Life Cycle Assessment for resource nexus analysis ; 6 Linking society and nature: material flows and the resource nexus ; 7 Resource footprints ; 8 Input-Output analysis and resource nexus assessment ; 9 Material criticality assessment and resource nexus analysis ; 10 Industrial Ecology Methods and the Resource Nexus ; Part III: Resource nexus modelling: Practices and future transformations ; 11 Integrating environmental and social impacts with Ecosystem services analysis ; 12 Modelling practices from local to global ; 13 Global change and K-waves: exploring nexus patterns ; 14 Foresight and scenarios: modelling practices and resource nexus assessment ; 15 Extending macro-economic modelling into the resource nexus ; 16 The five-node resource nexus dynamics: an integrated modelling approach ; Part IV: International political economy and the resource nexus ; 17 The resource nexus in an uncertain world: a non-equilibrium perspective ; 18 Mining and the resource nexus ; 19 Scarcities, supply and new resource curses? ; 20 The international commodity trade: Stylized facts ; 21 Rare Earth Elements and a resource nexus perspective ; 22 Governing land in the Global South ; Part V: Applying the resource nexus: Regional and Global Scale ; 23 Elements of the Water-Energy-Food nexus in China ; 24 The Energy-Materials nexus: the case of metals ; 25 Unconventional oil and gas production meets the resource nexus ; 26 Feeding Africa: Nexus-related opportunities, challenges and policy options ; 27 The five node resource nexus at sea ; Part VI: Governing the resource nexus: Emerging responses ; 28 Urban metabolism and new urban governance ; 29 Eco-innovation and resource nexus challenges: Ambitions and evidence ; 30 Green Chemistry: Opportunities, waste and food supply chains ; 31 California Innovations @ WEN ; 32 The UN, Global Governance and the SDGs

Note: Foreword -- Introduction -- Planning within planetary boundaries -- Challenges for the urban 21st century -- Thinking outside the square : ideas, innovation and inspiration -- Implementing plans and strategies -- Sustainable pathways for our cities and regions -- Conclusions

Note: Contents: Foreword -- Preface: It All Depends -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Karibuni!: Welcome to You All -- 2 The World of Tea: A Geriatric Problem -- 3 A Changing Climate: Stay Cool! -- 4 Taxonomic Delight: Only Plant the Best! -- 5 The Well-Bred Tea Bush: Developing High-Yielding Clones -- 6 Planting and Replanting: Who Ever Said This Was Simple? -- 7 Understanding the Growth Processes: Creating a Framework -- 8 Roots Exposed: Life Underground -- 9 We Are Only Growing Leaves: Source or Sink? -- 10 Plucks Shoots, and Leaves: Looking After the Children -- 11 Machine-Assisted Harvesting: The Need of the Hour -- Plates -- 12 Hidden Hunger and Intelligent Guesswork: We Can Only Build on What Has Gone Before -- 13 Pores for Thought: Gaseous Exchange -- 14 More Pores for Thought: The Answer Lies in the Soil -- 15 Water Productivity: More Crop per Drop -- 16 A Shady Business: Teas Need Trees -- 17 A Nice Cup of Tea: Is It Made in the Field or in the Factory? -- 18 Fair Trade?: Smallholders Are Beautiful -- 19 The Agronomist's Report: A Synthesis -- 20 Support Services: How Sustainable Is Sustainability? -- Glossary

Note: Contents: Introduction; Part I. Foundations: 1. Emergence and development of international environmental law; 2. Main features of international environmental law; 3. The principles of international environmental law; Part II. Substantive Regulation: 4. Oceans, seas and freshwater; 5. Atmosphere; 6. Biological diversity; 7. Dangerous substances and activities; Part III. Implementation: 8. Traditional approaches: responsibility/liability/adjudication; 9. Alternative approaches - facilitation and management of 'noncompliance'; Part IV. Interactions with Other Branches: 10. Interactions with human rights law; 11. Interactions with the law of armed conflict; 12. Interactions with international economic law

Note: CONTENTS: PREFACE. - 1 IASC Internal Development. - IASC Organization. - IASC Council. - IASC Executive Committee. - IASC Secretariat. - ISIRA. - IASC Medal 2018. - 2 IASC Working Groups. - Cross-Cutting Activities. - Atmosphere Working Group (AWG). - Cryosphere Working Group (CWG). - Marine Working Group (MWG). - Social and Human Working Group (SHWG). - Terrestrial Working Group (TWG). - 3 Arctic Science Summit Week 2017. - Upcoming ASSWs. - 4 Data and Observations. - Arctic Data Committee (ADC). - Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON). - 5 Partnerships. - Arctic Council. - Asian Forum for Polar Sciences (AFoPS). - Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS). - Circumpolar Health Research Network (CirchNet). - European Polar Board (EPB). - Forum of Arctic Research Operators (FARO). - International Arctic Social Sciences Association (IASSA). - International Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS). - International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). - The International Permafrost Association (IPA). - The Pacific Arctic Group (PAG). - The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). - University of the Arctic (UArctic). - WCRP Climate and Cryosphere (CliC). - 6 Capacity Building. - IASC Fellowship Program. - CAFF-IASC Fellowship. - Fellows’ Voices. - Overview of Supported Early Career Scientists.

Note: Contents: 1. Introduction; 2. Steam-engine economics; 3. Beyond homo economicus; 4. Big and dirty; 5. Pictures of improbability; 6. Trillions, or only hundreds?; 7. Zipf’s law and other stories; 8. Ants and traders; 9. Too big to ignore; 10. Climate tipping points and known unknowns; 11. Predators and prey; 12. Good enough for government work; 13. Fat tails and the failure of forecasting; 14. Misunderstanding risk; 15. Choices beyond calculation; 16. Who won World War II?; 17. Conclusion

Note: Contents: Preface - The strongman economy? ; 1 - Putin's economic inheritance ; 2 - Reforging the Russian state ; 3 - Rise of the energy giants ; 4 - Stabilizing Russia's finances ; 5 - Restructuring Russian industry ; 6 - Wages and welfare ; 7 From crisis to crisis ; 8 - Putinomics under pressure ; Postscript - Can Putinomics survive?

Note: Abstracts teilweise deutsch, teilweise english

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2018 , Contents Acknowledgements Abstract (English/Deutsch/Français) List of figures List of tables 1 Introduction 1.1 Scientic background 1.1.1 The Arctic coast, permafrost and climate change 1.1.2 Organic carbon in permafrost soils 1.1.3 Hillslope thermokarst processes 1.2 Aims 1.3 Study region 1.4 Methods 1.4.1 Mapping 1.4.2 Spline interpolation and volumes estimations 1.4.3 Fieldwork 1.4.4 Geochemical analyses 1.4.5 Statistical analyses 1.5 Thesis outline 1.6 Authors’ contributions 2 Synthesis 2.1 Retrogressive thaw slumps are widely spread in ice-rich permafrost areas 2.2 Retrogressive thaw slumps contribute signicantly to the nearshore or-ganic carbon 2.3 Thermokarst impacts the distribution of soil organic carbon along hill-slopes 2.4 Outlook . 3 Terrain Controls on the Occurrence of Coastal RTSs 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Study area 3.4 Methods 3.4.1 Mapping of retrogressive thaw slumps and landform classication 3.4.2 Environmental variables 3.4.3 Univariate regression trees 3.5 Results 3.5.1 Characteristics of retrogressive thaw slumps 3.5.2 Density and areal coverage of retrogressive thaw slumps 3.6 Discussion 3.6.1 Characteristics and distribution of retrogressive thaw slumps 3.6.2 Terrain factors explaining retrogressive thaw slump occurrence 3.6.3 Coastal Processes 3.7 Conclusion 4 RTSs release sediments and organic carbon into the Arctic Ocean 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Study Area 4.4 Methods 4.4.1 Evolution of retrogressive thaw slumps 4.4.2 Volume Estimations 4.4.3 Estimates of soil and dissolved organic carbon values 4.5 Results 4.5.1 Evolution of retrogressive thaw slumps between 1952 and 2011 4.5.2 Eroded material and estimated amount of mobilized SOC and DOC 4.6 Discussion 4.6.1 Increase in slump activity 4.6.2 Eroded material from retrogressive thaw slumps and organic car-bon uxes 4.6.3 Impact of retrogressive thaw slumps on the coastal ecosystem 4.7 Conclusion 5 Snapshot of carbon and nitrogen distribution in Arctic valleys 5.1 Abstract 5.2 Introduction 5.3 Study Area 5.4 Methods 5.4.1 Spatial analyses 5.4.2 Sampling Scheme 5.4.3 Geochemical analyses 5.4.4 Environmental variables and statistical analyses 5.5 Results 5.5.1 Geomorphology of the valleys 5.5.2 Spatial distribution of carbon and nitrogen 5.5.3 Correlations between soil characteristics and geochemical variables 5.6 Discussion 5.6.1 Variability in soil and geochemical properties in Arctic valleys 5.6.2 Hillslope Processes 5.7 Conclusion 6 Eidessttatliche Erklärung A Appendix A.1 Chapter 3 A.2 Chapter 4 A.3 Chapter 5 Bibliography

Note: Contents: Part I: An Introduction to Fortran 90 and Numerical Methods ; 1: Fortran 90: A Simple Programming Language ; 2: Numerical Solution Methods ; Part II: Computational Economics for Beginners ; 3: The Static General Equilibrium Model ; 4: Topics in Finance and Risk Management ; 5: The Life Cycle Model and Intertemporal Choics ; 6: The Overlapping Generations Model ; 7: Extending the OLG Model ; Part III: Advanced Computational Economics ; 8: Introduction to Dynamic Programming ; 9: Dynamic Macro I: Infinite Horizon Models ; 10: Life-Cycle Choices and Risk ; 11: Dynamic Macro II: The Stochastic OLG Model

Note: Contents: Introduction ; The Art of Seeing Networks ; Part I - Elementary Networks and Tools ; Surveying the Tools of the Craft ; Introducing NetworkX ; Introducing Gephi ; Case Study: Constructing a Network of Wikipedia Pages ; Part II - Networks Based on Explicit Relationships ; Understanding Social Networks ; Mastering Advanced Network Construction ; Measuring Networks Case Study: Panama Papers ; Part III - Networks Based on Co-Occurrences ; Constructing Semantic and Product Networks ; Unearthing the Network Structure ; Case Study: Performing Cultural Domain Analysis ; Case Study: Going from Products to Projects ; Part IV - Unleashing Similarity ; Similarity-Based Networks ; Harnessing Bipartite Networks ; Case Study: Building a Network of Trauma Types ; Part V - When Order Makes a Difference ; Directed Networks

Note: 1.1. The Early History of Glass; 1.2. Glass and Science; 1.3. The Discovery of Natural Melts; 1.4. The Physical Chemistry of Melts; 1.5. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 2. Glass Versus Melt; 2.1. Relaxation; 2.2. Glass Transition; 2.3. Configurational Properties; 2.4. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 3. Glasses and Melts vs. Crystals; 3.1. Basics of Silicate Structure 3.2. Thermodynamic Properties3.3. Liquid-Like Character of Crystals; 3.4. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 4. Melt and Glass Structure -- Basic Concepts; 4.1. Bond Length, Bond Angle, and Bond Strength in Silicates; 4.2. Network-Formers; 4.3. Network-Modifying Cations and Linkage between Structural Units; 4.4. Bonding, Composition and Effects on Melt Properties; 4.5 Mixing, Order, and Disorder; 4.6. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 5. Silica -- A Deceitful Simplicity; 5.1. An Outstanding Oxide; 5.2. Physical Properties; 5.3. Structure of SiO2 Glass and Melt 5.4. Effects of Pressure and Temperature5.5. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 6. Binary Metal Oxide-Silica Systems -- I. Physical Properties; 6.1. Phase Relationships; 6.2. Thermodynamics of Mixing; 6.3. Volume and Transport Properties; 6.4. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 7. Binary Metal Oxide-Silica Systems -- II. Structure; 7.1. Pseudocrystalline Models of Melt Structure; 7.2. Thermodynamic Modeling and Melt Structure; 7.3. Numerical Simulation of Melt Structure; 7.4. Structure from Direct Measurements; 7.5. Structure and Melt Properties; 7.6. Summary Remarks; References Chapter 8. Aluminosilicate Systems -- I. Physical Properties8.1. Phase Relationships; 8.2. Thermodynamics of Mixing; 8.3. Volume and Viscosity; 8.4. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 9. Aluminosilicate Systems -- II. Structure; 9.1. Binary Al2O3-Bearing Glasses and Melts; 9.2. Meta-Aluminosilicate Glasses and Melts (SiO2-M1/xAlO2); 9.3. Peralkaline Aluminosilicate Glasses and Melts; 9.4. Pressure and the Structure of Aluminosilicate Melts; 9.5. Structure and Properties of Aluminosilicate Melts; 9.6. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 10. Iron-bearing Melts -- I. Physical Properties 10.1 Ferrous and Ferric Iron10.2. Phase Equilibria; 10.3. Iron Redox Reactions; 10.4. Physical Properties; 10.5. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 11. Iron-bearing Melts -- II. Structure; 11.1. Ferric Iron; 11.2. Ferrous Iron; 11.3. Ferric and Ferrous Iron in Silicate Melts at High Temperature; 11.4. Iron in Silicate Melts and Glasses at High Pressure; 11.5. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 12. The Titanium Anomalies; 12.1. Phase Relations and Glass Formation; 12.2. Physical Properties; 12.3. Structure of Titanosilicate Glasses and Melts; 12.4. High-Temperature Studies

Note: Table of contents Preface About the authors Acknowledgements Dedication List of figures List of tables List of symbols Part I Introduction and characteristics of permafrost I Definition and description 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Additional terms originating in Russia 1.3 History of permafrost research 1.4 Measurement of ground temperature 1.5 Conduction, convection and advection 1.6 Therm al regimes in regions based on heat conduction 1.7 Continentality index 1.8 Moisture movement in the active layer during freezing and thawing 1.9 Moisture conditions in permafrost ground 1.10 Results of freezing moisture 1.11 Strength of ice 1.12 Cryosols, gelisols, and leptosols 1.13 Fragipans 1.14 Salinity in permafrost regions 1.15 Organic matter 1.16 Micro-organisms in permafrost 1.16.1 Antarctic permafrost 1.16.2 High-latitude permafrost 1.16.3 High altitude permafrost in China 1.16.4 Phenotypic traits 1.16.5 Relation to climate change on the Tibetan plateau 1.17 Gas and gas hydrates 1.18 Thermokarst areas 1.19 Offshore permafrost 2 Cryogenic processes where temperatures dip below 0°C 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The nature of ice and water 2.3 Effects of oil pollution on freezing 2.4 Freezing and thawing of the active layer in permafrost in equilibrium with a stable climate 2.5 Relation of clay mineralogy to the average position of the permafrost table 2.6 Ground temperature envelopes in profiles affected by changes in mean annual ground surface temperature (MASGT) 2.7 Needle ice 2.8 Frost heaving 2.9 Densification and thaw settlement 2.10 Cryostratigraphy, cryostructures, cryotextures and cryofacies 2.11 Ground cracking 2.12 Dilation cracking 2.13 Frost susceptibility 2.14 Cryoturbation, gravity processes and injection structures 2.14.1 Cryoturbation 2.14.2 Upward injection of sediments from below 2.14.3 Load-casting 2.15 Upheaving of objects 2.16 Upturning of objects 2.17 Sorting 2.18 Weathering and frost comminution 2.19 Karst in areas with permafrost 2.20 Seawater density and salinity 3 Factors affecting permafrost distribution 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Climatic factors 3.2.1 Heat balance on the surface of the Earth and its effect on the climate 3.2.2 Relationship between air and ground temperatures 3.2.3 Thermal offset 3.2.4 Relation to air masses 3.2.5 Precipitation 3.2.6 Latitude and longitude 3.2.7 Topography and altitude 3.2.8 Cold air drainage 3.2.9 Buffering of temperatures against change in mountain ranges 3.3 Terrain factors 3.3.1 Vegetation 3.3.2 Hydrology 3.3.3 Lakes and water bodies 3.3.4 Nature of the soil and rock 3.3.5 Fire 3.3.6 Glaciers 3.3.7 The effects of Man 4 Permafrost distribution 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Zonation of permafrost 4.3 Permafrost mapping 4.4 Examples of mapping units used 4.5 Modeling permafrost distribution 4.6 Advances in geophysical methods 4.7 Causes of variability reducing the reliability of small-scale maps 4.8 Maps of permafrost-related properties based on field observations 4.8.1 Permafrost thickness 4.8.2 Maps of ice content 4.8.3 Water resources locked up in perennially frozen ground 4.8.4 Total carbon content 4.9 Use of remote sensing and airborne platforms in monitoring environmental conditions and disturbances 4.10 Sensitivity to climate change: Hazard zonation 4.11 Classification of permafrost stability based on mean annual ground temperature Part II Permafrost landforms II. 1 Introduction 5 Frost cracking, ice-wedges, sand, loess and rock tessellons 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Primary and secondary wedges 5.2.1 Primary wedges 5.2.1.1 Ice-wedges 5.2.1.2 Sand tessellons 5.2.1.3 Loess tessellons 5.2.1.4 Rock tessellons 5.2.2 Secondary wedges 5.2.2.1 Ice-wedge casts 5.2.2.2 Soil wedges 6 Massive ground ice in lowlands 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Distribution of massive icy beds in surface sediments 6.3 Sources of the sediments 6.4 Deglaciation of the Laurentide ice sheet 6.5 Methods used to determine the origin of the massive icy beds 6.6 Massive icy beds interpreted as being formed by cryosuction 6.7 Massive icy beds that may represent stagnant glacial ice 6.8 Other origins of massive icy beds 6.9 Ice complexes including yedoma deposits 6.10 Conditions for growth of thick ice-wedges 6.11 The mechanical condition of the growth of ice-wedges and its connection to the properties of the surrounding sediments 6.12 Buoyancy of ice-wedges 6.13 Summary of the ideas explaining yedoma evolution 6.14 Aufeis 6.15 Perennial ice caves 6.16 Types of ice found in perennial ice caves 6.17 Processes involved in the formation of perennial ice caves 6.18 Cycles of perennial cave evolution 6.18.1 Perennial ice caves in deep hollows 6.18.2 Sloping caves with two entrances 6.18.3 Perennial ice caves with only one main entrance but air entering through cracks and joints in the bedrock walls 6.18.4 Perennial ice caves with only one main entrance and no other sources of cooling 6.19 Ice caves in subtropical climates 6.20 Massive blocks of ice in bedrock or soil 7 Permafrost mounds 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Mounds over 2.5 m diameter 7.2.1 Mounds formed predominantly of injection ice 7.2.1.1 Pingo mounds 7.2.1.2 Hydrostatic or closed system pingos 7.2.1.3 Hydraulic or open system pingos 7.2.1.4 Pingo plateaus 7.2.1.5 Seasonal frost mounds 7.2.1.6 Icing blisters 7.2.1.7 Perennial mounds of uncertain origin 7.2.1.8 Similar mounds that can be confused with injection phenomena 7.2.2 Mounds formed dominantly by cryosuction 7.2.2.1 Paisas 7.2.2.1.1 Paisas in maritime climates 7.2.2.1.2 Paisas in cold, continental climates 7.2.2.1.3 Lithalsas 7.2.2.1.4 Palsa/Lithalsa look-alikes 7.2.3 Mounds formed by the accumulation of ice in the thawing fringe: Peat plateaus 7.3 Cryogenic mounds less than 2.5 m in diameter 7.3.1 Oscillating hummocks 7.3.2 Thufurs 7.3.3 Silt-cycling hummocks 7.3.4 Niveo-aeolian hummocks 7.3.5 Similar-looking mounds of uncertain origin 7.3.6 String bogs 7.3.7 Pounus 8 Mass wasting of fine-grained materials in cold climates 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Classification of mass wasting 8.3 Slow flows 8.3.1 Cryogenic creep 8.3.1.1 Needle ice creep 8.3.1.2 Frost heave and frost creep 8.3.1.3 Gelifluction 8.3.1.4 Other creep-type contributions to downslope movement of soil 8.3.2 Landforms produced by cryogenic slow flows in humid areas 8.3.3 Landforms developed by cryogenic flows in more arid regions 8.4 Cryogenic fast flows 8.4.1 Cryogenic debris flows 8.4.2 Cryogenic slides and slumps 8.4.3 Cryogenic composite slope failures 8.4.3.1 Active-layer detachment slides 8.4.3.2 Retrogressive thaw failures 8.4.3.3 Snow avalanches and slushflows 8.4.3.3.1 Snow avalanches 8.4.3.3.2 Slush avalanches 8.5 Relative effect in moving debris downslope in the mountains 9 Landforms consisting of blocky materials in cold climates 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Source of the blocks 9.3 Influence of rock type 9.4 Weathering products 9.5 Biogenic weathering 9.6 Fate of the soluble salts produced by chemical and biogenic weathering 9.7 Rate of cliff retreat 9.8 Landforms resulting from the accumulation of predominantly blocky materials in cryogenic climates 9.8.1 Cryogenic block fields 9.8.1.1 Measurement of rates of release of blocks on slopes 9.8.2 Cryogenic block slopes and fans 9.8.3 Classification of cryogenic talus slopes 9.8.3.1 Coarse blocky talus slopes 9.8.4 Protection of infrastructure from falling rock 9.9 Talus containing significant amounts of finer material 9.9.1 Rock glaciers 9.9.1.1 Sedimentary composition and structure of active rock glaciers 9.9.1.2 Origin of the ice in active rock glaciers 9.9.1.3 Relationship to vegetation 9.9.2 Movement of active rock glaciers 9.9.2.1 Horizontal movement 9.9.2.2 Movement of the front 9.9.3 Distribution of active rock glaciers 9.9.4 Inactive and fossil rock glaciers 9.9.5 Streams flowing from under rock glaciers 9.10 Cryogenic block streams 9.10.1 Characteristics 9.10.2 Classification 9.10.2.1

Note: Contents: 1. What is degrowth? ; 2. The economics of degrowth ; 3. Economic growth from a degrowth perspective ; 4. The case for degrowth ; 5. The utopia of degrowth ; 6. Controversies, debates and future research

Note: Contents I Plants as Unique Organisms; History and Tools of Plant Anatomy 1 The Nature of Plants 1.1 Plants Have Multiple Pigments with Multiple Functions 1.2 Plants Use Water, and the Properties of Water, in Unique Ways 1.3 Plants Use Anabolic Metabolism to Manufacture Every Molecule Needed for Growth and Produce Virtually No Waste 1.4 Cell Walls Are Nonliving Matrices Outside the Plant Cell Membrane that House and/or Perform a Variety of Functions 1.5 The Plant Life Cycle Alternates Between a Haploid Gametophyte Stage and a Diploid Sporophyte Stage 1.6 Meristematic Activity Continues Throughout the Life of a Plant 1.7 Fruits Disperse Seeds Through Space: Dormancy Disperses Seeds Through Time 1.8 Earth’s History Is Divided into Four Major Time Periods 1.8.1 The Precambrian: 4550 to 542 mya 1.8.2 The Paleozoic Era: 542 to 251 mya 1.8.3 The Mesozoic Era: 251–66 mya 1.8.4 The Cenozoic Era: 66 mya to Present 1.9 Life on Earth Has Experienced Five Mass Extinctions: A Sixth Is in Progress 1.10 Many Plants and Animals Have Coevolved 1.11 The Plant Body Consists of Four Organs 1.11.1 Roots 1.11.2 Stems 1.11.3 Leaves 1.11.4 Flowers and Fruit 1.12 Plant Organs Are Initially Made of Three Tissues 1.13 “Plant” Can Be Broadly Defined 1.14 Bryophytes Lack Vasculature and Produce Spores 1.15 Ferns and Fern Allies Are Seedless Tracheophytes 1.16 Gymnosperms Are Seed-Producing Tracheophytes that Lack Flowers and Fruit 1.17 Monocots and Eudicots Are the Two Largest Groups of Angiosperms 1.18 Understanding Plant Structure Requires a Sense of Scale 1.19 “Primary” and “Secondary” Are Important Concepts in Plant Anatomy 1.19.1 Primary Versus Secondary Growth and Meristems 1.19.2 Primary Versus Secondary Xylem and Phloem 1.19.3 Primary Versus Secondary Cell Walls 1.20 Chapter Review References and Additional Readings 2 Microscopy and Imaging 2.1 Robert Hooke, 1635–1703, Described a Cell as the Basic Unit of Life by Studying the Bark of the Cork Oak Tree, Quercus suber 2.2 Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, 1632–1723, Was the First Scientist to Observe Microorganisms 2.3 Nehemiah Grew, 1641–1712, Was the Father of Plant Anatomy 2.4 Robert Brown, 1773–1858, Discovered the Nucleus of the Cell by Studying Orchid Petals 2.5 Katherine Esau, 1898–1997, Advanced the Field of Plant Anatomy with Her Influential Textbooks 2.6 Light Microscopy: The Most Useful Tool of the Plant Anatomist 2.7 The Compound Light Microscope Uses Multiple Lenses to Form and Capture Images 2.8 The Resolving Power of a Lens Places Limits on Resolution and Magnification 2.9 The Confocal Microscope Allows for Sharper Detail, Computer Control, and 3-D Imaging with a Modified Compound Microscope 2.10 Electron Microscopy Allows a View into the World of Cellular Ultrastructure 2.11 The Transmission Electron Microscope Reveals Internal Cellular Detail 2.12 The Scanning Electron Microscope Resolves Surface Detail 2.13 Different Microscopies Produce Different Images of the Same Specimen 2.14 Chapter Review References and Additional Readings II Cellular Plant Anatomy 3 Plant Cell Structure and Ultrastructure 3.1 Plant Cells Are Complex Structures 3.2 Plant Cells Synthesize an External Wall and Contain a Variety of Internal Compartments 3.3 Cells and Cell Organelles Are Typically Bound by Lipid Bilayer Membranes 3.4 Vacuoles Play a Role in Water and Ion Balance 3.5 Plastids Are a Diverse Family of Anabolic Organelles 3.5.1 Proplastid 3.5.2 Etioplast 3.5.3 Elaioplast 3.5.4 Amyloplast 3.5.5 Chromoplast 3.5.6 Gerontoplast 3.5.7 Chloroplast 3.5.8 Chloroplast Functions 3.5.9 The Dimorphic Chloroplasts of C 4 Photosynthesis 3.5.10 Guard Cell Chloroplasts 3.5.11 Sun Versus Shade Chloroplasts 3.6 All Plastids Are Developmentally Related 3.7 Mitochondria Synthesize ATP and Small Carbon Skeletons 3.8 Microbodies Are the Site of Specific Biochemical Pathways 3.9 The Endoplasmic Reticulum Synthesizes Proteins and Some Lipids 3.10 The Golgi Apparatus Processes and Packages Polysaccharides and Proteins for Secretion 3.11 The Nucleus Houses the Cell’s Genetic Material and Participates in Ribosome Synthesis 3.12 The Cytoskeleton Organizes the Cell and Helps Traffic Organelles 3.13 Chapter Review References and Additional Readings 4 Mitosis and Meristems 4.1 The Plant Cell Cycle Includes Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis 4.2 A Pre-prophase Microtubule Band Precedes Mitosis and Defines the Plane of Cell Division 4.3 Mitosis May Be Divided into Distinct, but Continuous, Stages 4.4 Cytokinesis Begins with Initiation of the Cell Plate and Grows by the Deposition of Callose 4.5 Microtubules Play a Critical Role in Mitosis and Cytokinesis 4.6 Apical Meristems Are the Sites of Primary Growth 4.7 The Shoot Apical Meristem Is the Site of Lateral Organ Initiation 4.8 Axillary Buds Arise De Novo in the Developing Leaf Axis 4.9 Tunica-Corpus Organization Describes Shoot Apical Meristem Growth in Many Eudicots 4.10 Gymnosperms Do Not Possess a Tunica-Corpus 4.11 The Root Apical Meristem Provides the Primary Growth of Roots 4.12 Lateral Roots Originate from Inside the Pericycle, Not from the Root Apical Meristem 4.13 Intercalary Meristems Contribute to Stem and Leaf Growth in Monocots 4.14 Many Lower Vascular Plants Have a Single Initial Cell in the Shoot and Root Apical Meristems 4.15 Lateral Meristems Are the Site of Secondary Growth in Eudicots 4.16 Chapter Review References and Additional Readings 5 Cell Walls 5.1 Transparent Plant Cell Walls Contain Cellulose and Are Synthesized to the Exterior of the Protoplast 5.2 Primary Cell Walls Are a Structural Matrix of Cellulose and Several Other Components 5.3 Plasmodesmata Connect Adjacent Cells Via Holes in the Primary Cell Wall 5.4 Secondary Cell Walls Are Rigid, Thick, and Lignified 5.5 Pits Are Holes in the Secondary Cell Wall 5.6 Transfer Cells Have Elaborated Primary Cell Walls for High Rates of Transport 5.7 Chapter Review References and Additional Readings 6 Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma 6.1 Parenchyma Cells Are the Most Common Plant Cell Type 6.2 Parenchyma Cells May Exhibit Totipotency 6.3 Collenchyma Cells Are Used for Support and Are the Least Common Cell Type 6.4 Birefringence Is a Common Phenomenon in Collenchyma Walls 6.5 Sclerenchyma Cells Provide Support, Protection, and Long-Distance Water Transport 6.6 Fibers Impart Support and Protection 6.7 Sclereids Are Reduced Sclerenchyma Cells That Occur Singly or in Clumps 6.8 Xylem Vessel Elements Are Water-Conducting Sclerenchyma 6.9 Chapter Review References and Additional Readings III Vascular Tissues 7 Xylem 7.1 Xylem Is a Complex Tissue Containing Multiple Cell Types, Each with a Specific Structure and Function 7.2 The Primary Functions of Xylem Are Water Conduction, Mineral Transport, and Support 7.3 Tracheids Are Imperforate Tracheary Elements and the Sole Water Conductors in Gymnosperms 7.4 Angiosperm Tracheids, Fiber Tracheids, and Libriform Fibers Represent a Continuum of Imperforate Tracheary Element Design and Function 7.5 Vessel Elements Are Perforate Cells and the Main Water Conductors in Angiosperms 7.6 Vessel Element Side Walls Are Patterned for Strength and Water Movement 7.7 Most Vessel Elements End in a Perforation Plate and Are Connected to Another Vessel Element 7.8 Xylem Parenchyma Are Living Cells Involved in Xylem Metabolism and Protection 7.9 Chapter Review References and Additional Readings 8 Phloem 8.1 Phloem Is a Complex Tissue Containing Multiple Cell Types, Each with a Specific Structure and Function 8.2 Phloem’s Main Function Is Photosynthate Translocation 8.3 Sieve Tube Elements Are Living Cells Responsible for Translocation 8.4 Companion Cells Support the Sieve Tube Element and Are Involved in Phloem Loading and Unloading in Angiosperms 8.5 Phloem Parenchyma Cells Are Involved in Radial Translocation, Xylem/Phloem Coordination, and Storage 8.6 Phloem Fibers Protect the Delicate Sieve Tubes 8.7 Secondary Phloem Typically Only Functions for One Growing Season 8.8 Gymnosperm Phloem Is Simpler Than An

Note: Contents Volume 1 Part I Natural Science Basics 1 Introduction into Physical Oceanography / Rebecca Hummels 2 Ecological Organization of the Sea / Birte Matthiessen, Franziska Julie Werner, and Matthias Paulsen 3 Marine Ecosystem Services / Markus Salomon and Henriette Dahms Part II Impacts of Sectoral Marine Activities 4 Impact of Fishing Activities on Marine Life / Gerd Kraus and Rabea Diekmann 5 Mariculture / Thomas A. Wilding, Kenneth D. Black, Steven Benjamins, and Iona Campbell 6 Shipping / Alan Simcock 7 Impacts of Coastal Developments on Ecosystems / Christian Winter 8 Offshore Oil and Gas Production and Transportation / Stanislav Patin 9 Exploitation of Offshore Wind Energy / Jens Lüdeke 10 Dredging for Navigation, for Environmental Cleanup, and for Sand/Aggregates / Craig Vogt, Eugene Peck, and Gregory Hartman 11 Environmental Risks of Deep-sea Mining / Philip P. E. Weaver, David S. M. Billett, and Cindy L. Van Dover 12 Dumped Chemical Weapons / Jacek Bełdowski 13 Marine Climate Engineering / David P. Keller Part III Impacts of Land-Based Activities 14 Agriculture / Oene Oenema, Qian Liu, and Jingmeng Wang 15 Land-Based Industries / Elisabeth Schmid 16 Land-Based Wastewater Management / Stephan Koester 17 Tourism / Alan Simcock Part IV Pollution from Diffuse Sources 18 Climate Change: Warming Impacts on Marine Biodiversity / Helmut Hillebrand, Thomas Brey, Julian Gutt, Wilhelm Hagen, Katja Metfies, Bettina Meyer, and Aleksandra Lewandowska 19 Ocean Acidification / Peter Thor and Sam Dupont 20 Pollution with Hazardous Substances / Katja Broeg and Norbert Theobald 21 Pollution with Radioactive Substances / Hartmut Nies 22 Eutrophication / Justus E. E. van Beusekom 23 Marine Litter / Stefanie Werner and Aleke Stöfen O’Brien 24 Input of Energy/Underwater Sound / Olaf Boebel, Elke Burkhardt, and Ilse van Opzeeland 25 Introduction of Non-indigenous Species / Ralph Kuhlenkamp and Britta Kind Volume 2 Part V Social Drivers, Developments, and Perspectives of Increasing Ocean Uses 26 A Short History of the Use of Seas and Oceans / Sunhild Kleingärtner 27 Factors Behind Increasing Ocean Use: The IPAT Equation and the Marine Environment / Troels J. Hegland Part VI General Aspects of Management and Governance of Human Activities 28 Challenges and Foundations of Sustainable Ocean Governance / Till Markus 29 Institutional Framework for Marine Environmental Governance / Pradeep Singh 30 International Principles of Marine Environmental Protection / Gerd Winter 31 Overview of Management Strategies and Instruments / Carolin Kieß 32 Future Prospects of Marine Environmental Governance / Pradeep Singh and Aline Jaeckel Part VII Traditional Marine Management Topics 33 The International Legal Framework for Conservation and Management of Fisheries and Marine Mammals / Andrew Serdy 34 Aqua- and Mariculture Management: A Holistic Perspective on Best Practices / Marc H. Taylor and Lotta C. Kluger 35 Offshore Oil and Gas Exploitation / Henning Jessen 36 Sustainable Shipping / Ciarán McCarthy and Bénédicte Sage-Fuller 37 Management of Hazardous Substances in the Marine Environment / Mikael Karlsson and Michael Gilek 38 Origin and Management of Radioactive Substances in the Marine Environment / Hartmut Nies 39 Waste/Litter and Sewage Management / Aleke Stöfen-O’Brien and Stefanie Werner 40 Coastal and Ocean Tourism / Stefan Gössling, C. Michael Hall, and Daniel Scott Part VIII Emerging Management Topics 41 The Greening of Ports / Bénédicte Sage-Fuller 42 Offshore Windfarms / Greg Severinsen 43 Wave and Tidal Energy / Kate Johnson and Sandy Kerr 44 Deep-Seabed Mining / Philomene Verlaan 45 Marine Biodiversity: Opportunities for Global Governance and Management Coherence / Daniela Diz 46 Marine Protected Areas: Global Framework, Regional MPA Networks and a National Example / Henning von Nordheim 47 Marine Environmental Protection and Climate Change / Birgit Peters 48 Management of Non-indigenous Species and Invasive Alien Species / Wolfgang Köck and Bjørn-Oliver Magsig 49 Integrating Sectoral Ocean Policies / Markus Salomon and Miriam Dross 50 Marine Scientific Research / Anna-Maria Hubert 51 An Emerging Environmental Issue: Marine Discharge of Mine Tailings / Craig Vogt and Jens Skei 52 Managing and Regulating Underwater Noise Pollution / Till Markus and Pedro Pablo Silva Sánchez 53 Marine Geo-Engineering / Harald Ginzky 54 Marine Spatial Planning / Mathias Schubert

Note: Contents Introduction / Aaron Micallef, Sebastian Krastel and Alessandra Savini Part I Data and Methods in Submarine Geomorphology Sidescan Sonar / Ingo Klaucke Multibeam Echosounders / John E. Hughes Clarke Reflection and Refraction Seismic Methods / Gareth J. Crutchley and Heidrun Kopp Quantitative Analyses of Morphological Data / Philippe Blondel Seafloor Sediment and Rock Sampling / Aggeliki Georgiopoulou ROVs and AUVs / Veerle A.I. Huvenne, Katleen Robert, Leigh Marsh, Claudio Lo Iacono, Tim Le Bas and Russell B. Wynn Part II Submarine Landforms and Processes Origin and Geomorphic Characteristics of Ocean Basins / Peter T. Harris and Miles Macmillan-Lawler Drivers of Seafloor Geomorphic Change / Angelo Camerlenghi Shallow Coastal Landforms / Fantina Madricardo and Federica Rizzetto Continental Shelf Landforms / Ruth Durán and Jorge Guillén Submarine Glacial Landforms / Christine L. Batchelor, Julian A. Dowdeswell and Dag Ottesen Submarine Landslides / Joshu Mountjoy and Aaron Micallef Submarine Canyons and Gullies / David Amblas, Silvia Ceramicola, Thomas P. Gerber, Miquel Canals, Francesco L. Chiocci, Julian A. Dowdeswell, Peter T. Harris, Veerle A.I. Huvenne, Steven Y.J. Lai, Galderic Lastras, Claudio Lo Iacono, Aaron Micallef, Joshu J. Mountjoy, Charles K. Paull, Pere Puig and Anna Sanchez-Vidal Submarine Fans and Their Channels, Levees, and Lobes / Mark E. Deptuck and Zoltán Sylvester Contourite Drifts and Associated Bedforms / Ibimina Esentia, Dorrik Stow and Zeinab Smillie Volcanic Islands and Seamounts / Daniele Casalbore Mid-ocean Ridges / Neil C. Mitchell Cold Seep Systems / Silvia Ceramicola, Stéphanie Dupré, Luis Somoza and John Woodside Abyssal Hills and Abyssal Plains / Marie-Helene Cormier and Heather Sloan Oceanic Trenches / Jacob Geersen, David Voelker and Jan H. Behrmann Cold-Water Carbonate Bioconstructions / Claudio Lo Iacono, Alessandra Savini and Daniela Basso Part III Applied Submarine Geomorphology Applied Geomorphology and Geohazard Assessment for Deepwater Development / Roger Moore, Geoff Davis and Oliver Dabson Seabed Mining / Anne Peukert, Sven Petersen, Jens Greinert and François Charlot Fishing Activities / Ferdinand K.J. Oberle, Pere Puig and Jacobo Martín National Programmes: Geomorphological Mapping at Multiple Scales for Multiple Purposes / Terje Thorsnes, Lilja R. Bjarnadóttir, Alexandra Jarna, Nicole Baeten, Gill Scott, Janine Guinan, Xavier Monteys, Dayton Dove, Sophie Green, Joana Gafeira and Alan Stevenson Part IV Conclusion Conclusion / Aaron Micallef, Sebastian Krastel and Alessandra Savini Erratum to: Submarine Geomorphology / Aaron Micallef, Sebastian Krastel and Alessandra Savini

Note: Contents Part I Personal Reminiscences Honorary Note. Evgeny Georgievich Morozov: A Life at Sea as a Devoted Ocean Observer / Manuel G. Velarde, Roman Yu. Tarakanov and Alexey V. Marchenko Gallery: An Ocean Scientist and His Life at Sea / Manuel G. Velarde, Roman Yu. Tarakanov and Alexey V. Marchenko New Steps of the Modern Oceanography: Reminiscences of My Work with Evgeny Georgievich Morozov / Victor G. Neiman Fifty Years of Collaboration with Evgeny Georgievich Morozov / Boris N. Filyushkin Part II Scientific Contributions: Internal and Surface Waves Internal Undular Bores in the Coastal Ocean / Roger Grimshaw and Chunxin Yuan Calculating FRAM’s Dead Water / John Grue Internal Solitary Waves in a Layered Weakly Stratified Flow / Nikolay Makarenko, Janna Maltseva, Roman Tarakanov and Kseniya Ivanova Surface Manifestations of Internal Waves Induced by a Subsurface Buoyant Jet (Experiment and Theory) / Valerii G. Bondur, Yuliya I. Troitskaya, Ekaterina V. Ezhova, Vasiliy I. Kazakov, Alexandr A. Kandaurov, Daniil A. Sergeev and Irina A. Soustova Large Internal Solitary Waves in Shallow Waters / Valery Liapidevskii and Nikolay Gavrilov Internal Gravity Waves in Horizontally Inhomogeneous Ocean / Vitaly V. Bulatov and Yury V. Vladimirov High-Resolution Observations of Internal Wave Turbulence in the Deep Ocean / Hans van Haren Deep-Ocean Tides in the South-West Indian Ocean: Comparing Deep-Sea Pressure to Satellite Data / Leo R. M. Maas, Borja Aguiar-González and Leandro Ponsoni Internal Tides West of the Iberian Peninsula / Eugene G. Morozov and Manuel G. Velarde Asymmetric Baroclinic Response to Tidal Forcing Along the Main Sill of the Strait of Gibraltar Inferred from Mooring Observations / Jesús García-Lafuente, Simone Sammartino, José C. Sánchez-Garrido and Cristina Naranjo Mode 2 Internal Waves in the Ocean: Evidences from Observations / Andrey N. Serebryany Abyssal Mixing in the Laboratory / T. Dauxois, E. Ermanyuk, C. Brouzet, S. Joubaud and I. Sibgatullin Rogue Waves in the Ocean, the Role of Modulational Instability, and Abrupt Changes of Environmental Conditions that Can Provoke Non Equilibrium Wave Dynamics / Karsten Trulsen Simulation of Standing and Propagating Sea Waves with Three-Dimensional ARMA Model / Ivan Gankevich and Alexander Degtyarev Perturbation Theory for the Compound Soliton of the Gardner’s Equation; Their Interaction and Evolution in a Media with Variable Parameters / Irina A. Soustova, Konstantin A. Gorshkov, Alexey V. Ermoshkin, Lev A. Ostrovsky and Yuliya I. Troitskaya Part III Scientific Contributions: Ocean Circulation Geostrophic Adjustment Beyond the Traditional Approximation / Gregory M. Reznik Evolution of an Intrathermocline Lens over the Lofoten Basin / Boris N. Filyushkin, Mikhail A. Sokolovskiy and Konstantin V. Lebedev The Global Atmosphere Oscillations in the Context of the Recent Climate Change / Victor G. Neiman, Vladimir I. Byshev, Yury A. Romanov and Ilya V. Serykh Influence of the Current Field Non-stationarity and the Non-simultaneity of Hydrographic Measurements on ADCP-based Transport Estimates / R. Yu. Tarakanov Satellite Remote Sensing of Submesoscale Eddies in the Russian Seas / Andrey G. Kostianoy, Anna I. Ginzburg, Olga Yu. Lavrova and Marina I. Mityagina Ship-Based Monitoring of the Northern North Atlantic Ocean by the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology. The Main Results / Artem Sarafanov, Anastasia Falina, Alexey Sokov, Vyacheslav Zapotylko and Sergey Gladyshev Thermohaline Structure and Salt Fingering in the Lomonosov Equatorial Undercurrent as Observed in April 2017 / Tatiana A. Demidova Numerical Realization of Hybrid Data Assimilation Algorithm in Ensemble Experiments with the MPIESM Coupled Model / Konstantin P. Belyaev, Ingo Kirchner, Andrey A. Kuleshov and Natalia P. Tuchkova Sea of Azov Waters in the Black Sea: Do They Enhance Wind-Driven Flows on the Shelf? / Peter O. Zavialov, Alexander S. Izhitskiy and Roman O. Sedakov Bottom Water Flows in the Vema Channel and over the Santos Plateau Based on the Field and Numerical Experiments / 475 Dmitry I. Frey, Vladimir V. Fomin, Roman Yu. Tarakanov, Nikolay A. Diansky and Nikolay I. Makarenko Modeling Study of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Variability Based on Argo Data / Konstantin V. Lebedev Tareev Equatorial Undercurrent in the Indian Ocean / Albert K. Ambrosimov, Dmitry I. Frey and Sergey M. Shapovalov The Bering Sea Regional Data Assimilation System: From Climate Variability to Short Term Hindcasting / Gleb G. Panteleev, Max Yaremchuk, Vladimir Luchin and Oceana Francis Monitoring Strong Tidal Currents in Straits and Nearshore Regions / Alexei Sentchev, Max Yaremchuk and Maxime Thiébaut Part IV Scientific Contributions: Arctic Oceanography Analytical Solutions Describing Zonal and Circular Wind Drift of Sea Ice with Elastic-Plastic Rheology / Aleksey Marchenko Arctic Ocean Modeling: The Consistent Physics on the Path to the High Spatial Resolution / Nikolay G. Iakovlev Numerical Modeling of Internal Wave Generation at High Latitudes / Oxana E. Kurkina, Tatiana G. Talipova, Efim N. Pelinovsky and Andrey A. Kurkin Internal Wave Frequency Spectrum in the Amundsen Basin of the Arctic Ocean Inferred from Ice Tethered CTD Instruments / Sergey V. Pisarev Experimental Studies of Sea and Model Ice Fracture Mechanics / Marina Karulina, Alexey Marchenko, Alexandr Sakharov, Evgeny Karulin and Peter Chistyakov Seasonal Freezing of a Subwater Ground Layer at the Laptev Sea Shelf / Peter V. Bogorodskii, Andrey V. Pnyushkov and Vasilii Yu. Kustov

Note: Contents Part I Exploring the Connections: Sustainability and Social Science Research Interplays of Sustainability, Resilience, Adaptation and Transformation / Jennifer L. Johnson, Laura Zanotti, Zhao Ma, David J. Yu, David R. Johnson, Alison Kirkham and Courtney Carothers Using Meta-Analysis in the Social Sciences to Improve Environmental Policy / Alexander Maki, Mark A. Cohen and Michael P. Vandenbergh Integrating Social Science Research to Advance Sustainability Education / Christine Jie Li, Martha C. Monroe and Tracey Ritchie Inclusive Sustainability: Environmental Justice in Higher Education / Flora Lu, Rebecca Hernandez Rosser, Adriana Renteria, Nancy Kim, Elida Erickson, Anna Sher and Lisa O’Connor Connective Methodologies: Visual Communication Design and Sustainability in Higher Education / Denielle Emans and Kelly M. Murdoch-Kitt The Teaching Green Building: Five Theoretical Perspectives / Laura B. Cole Blockchain for Good? Digital Ledger Technology and Sustainable Development Goals / Richard Adams, Beth Kewell and Glenn Parry Part II Research and Behavioral Interventions Psychological Distance and Response to Human Versus Non-Human Victims of Climate Change / Christie Manning, Hannah Mangas, Elise Amel, Hongyi Tang, Laura Humes, Rowena Foo, Vera Sidlova and Kelly Cargos Bridging the Gap Between Policy and Action in Residential Graywater Recycling / L. Bell Organizational Characteristics in Residential Rental Buildings: Exploring the Role of Centralization in Energy Outcomes / Elizabeth Hewitt Re-shuffling the Deck on Environmental Sustainability: Using a Card Sort to Uncover Perceived Behavioral Categories, Effort, and Impact in a College Environment / Casey G. Franklin and Abram Alebiosu Wind Energy and Rural Community Sustainability / Sarah Mills Achieving a Climate-Neutral Campus: A Psychological Analysis of the Participation Process with the Stage Model of Participation / Stefan Zimmermann, Thomas Bäumer and Patrick Müller Sustainability and Civic Engagement: A Communications Engagement and Education Plan / Madhavi Venkatesan, Jordan Remy and Andrew Sukeforth A Sustainable Touristic Place in Times of Crisis? The Case of Empuriabrava—A Superdiverse Mediterranean Resort / Dawid Wladyka and Ricard Morén-Alegret Social Justice and Sustainability Efforts in the U.S.-Mexico Transborder Region / Sylvia Gonzalez-Gorman Envisioning and Implementing Sustainable Bioenergy Systems in the U.S. South / John Schelhas, Sarah Hitchner and J. Peter Brosius Living Well and Living Green: Participant Conceptualizations of Green Citizenship / Erin Miller Hamilton, Meaghan L. Guckian and Raymond De Young Part III Methods and Evaluation Strategies Cognitive Mapping as Participatory Engagement in Social Science Research on Sustainability / Meaghan L. Guckian, Erin Miller Hamilton and Raymond De Young The Impact of Status and Brainstorming in Participation in Small Group Deliberations / Sandra Rodegher Promoting Participation in a Culture of Sustainability Web Survey / Heather M. Schroeder, Andrew L. Hupp and Andrew D. Piskorowski Use of Email Paradata in a Survey of Sustainability Culture / Andrew L. Hupp, Heather M. Schroeder and Andrew D. Piskorowski Innovative Instructional Module Uses Evaluation to Enhance Quality / Martha C. Monroe, Annie Oxarart, Tracey Ritchie and Christine Jie Li From Sustainable Cities to Sustainable People—Changing Behavior Towards Sustainability with the Five A Planning Approach / Petra Stieninger Hurtado Sustainability Knowledge and Attitudes - Assessing Latent Constructs / Adam Zwickle and Keith Jones Sustainability Literacy and Cultural Assessments / John Callewaert A Conceptual Framework for Designing, Embedding and Monitoring a University Sustainability Culture / Richard Adams, Stephen Martin and Katy Boom Epilogue

Note: Contents Part I Climatology, General Circulation, Climate Variability and Stratosphere-Troposphere Coupling 1 Climatology and General Circulation 1.1 Climatology: SLP and SST 1.2 General Circulation 1.2.1 Meridional Circulation 1.2.2 Jet Formation: Thermal Wind Balance Relationship 1.2.3 Walker Circulation 2 Major Modes of Variability 2.1 Variability in the Troposphere 2.1.1 El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 2.1.2 North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) 2.1.3 Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) 2.1.4 Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) 2.1.5 Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) 2.1.6 Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) 2.1.7 Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) 2.2 Variability in the Stratosphere 2.2.1 Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) 2.2.2 Stratospheric Sudden Warming (SSW) Referenes 3 Stratosphere-Troposphere Coupling 3.1 Background 3.2 Discussion with Schematic 3.3 Strength of Westerly: Solar Influence 3.4 Role of Zero Wind Line: QBO Influence 3.5 Sun, QBO and Polar Temperature in North Pole 3.6 Composites of Time Height Development of NAM 3.7 Annular Modes Pattern Similar 3.8 Solar Influence: Polar Vortex and Tropical Lower Stratosphere 3.9 Solar Influence: Tropical Lower Stratosphere to Troposphere References 4 Teleconnection Among Various Modes 4.1 Polar Vortex, QBO and ENSO 4.2 Polar Vortex and ENSO 4.3 ENSO and Polar Troposphere 4.4 ENSO, Polar Annular Modes and JET 4.5 ENSO Teleconnections 4.5.1 El Niño (Warm) and La Niña (Cold) Definition 4.5.2 El Niño or La Niña? 4.5.3 ENSO Seasonal Locking 4.5.4 Potential Problems with SST Data 4.5.5 Indian Summer Monsoon and Walker Circulation 4.5.6 Different Types of ENSO 4.5.7 Homogeneous Monsoon Region 4.5.8 ENSO ISM Correlation 4.5.9 SST Composites: EN vs. LN 4.5.10 ISM ENSO Teleconnection Compositing: EN vs. LN 4.5.11 Rainfall in South America ENSO (Different Types) Teleconnection 4.5.12 Summary: ENSO and Teleconnections References 5 Solar Influence Around Various Places: Robust Solar Signal on Climate 5.1 Signal on Sea Level Pressure (DJF) Using Multiple Linear Regression 5.1.1 Method of Multiple Regression Analysis 5.2 Solar Signal Around Aleutian Low (AL) and Pacific High (PH) 5.3 Solar Influence: Tropical Pacific SST 5.4 ENSO and Sun Phase Locking 5.5 Solar Signal in Tropical Pacific SST Using Compositing 5.5.1 Method of Solar Peak Year Compositing 5.6 Observation: Annual Mean Temperature References 6 Total Solar Irradiance (TSI): Measurements and Reconstructions References Part II Atmosphere-Ocean Coupling and Solar Variability 7 Ocean Coupling 7.1 Shallow Overturning Circulation 7.2 ENSO 7.2.1 ENSO, Thermocline and Upper Ocean Heat Content 7.2.2 ENSO and Delayed Oscillator Theory 7.2.3 ENSO and Shallow MOC in Tropical Pacific 7.2.4 Pycnocline Convergence vs. SST 7.2.5 Abrupt Rise in Temperature During 1977–1998 References 8 The Sun and ENSO Connection–Contradictions and Reconciliations 8.1 Solar Signal and ENSO 8.2 Contradiction (I): Solar Signal on Tropical Pacific SST-Active Solar Years and ENSO 8.3 Contradiction (II): Solar Signal on Tropical Pacific SST-El Niño or La Niña 8.4 Proposed Mechanism: Earlier Period 8.5 Proposed Mechanism: Later Period 8.6 Contradictions and Reconciliations References 9 A Debate: The Sun and the QBO 9.1 Data Analysis: Solar and QBO Separately 9.2 Polar Temperature During JF with Respect to QBO (40 hPa) and F10.7 9.3 Polar Temperature During JF for QBO (30 hPa) and F10.7 9.4 Time Series of QBO at Different Height and EOF Analysis 9.5 Combined Effects: Solar with QBO 9.6 Summary References 10 Solar Influence: ‘Top Down’ vs. ‘Bottom Up’ 10.1 Solar Influence: ‘Top Down’ 10.1.1 Solar Influence: ‘Top-Down’ – via Polar Vortex and Lower Stratosphere 10.1.2 Solar Influence: ‘Top-Down’ – via Lower Stratosphere to Troposphere 10.1.3 Solar Influence: ‘Top-Down’ – via Stratospheric Polar Vortex to Polar Troposphere 10.2 Solar Influence: ‘Bottom-Up’ References 11 An Overview of Solar Influence on Climate 11.1 Introduction 11.1.1 Methodology 11.2 Representative Results: Figure and Tables 11.3 Results Text 11.3.1 Atmosphere Only: Sun and QBO 11.3.2 Ocean (Only Pacific) and Atmosphere Coupling: Sun, QBO and ENSO 11.3.3 Atmosphere and Ocean (Only Pacific) Coupling: Sun, QBO, ENSO and Climate Change 11.4 Discussion References Part III Other Major Influences on Climate 12 Sun: Atmosphere-Ocean Coupling – Possible Limitations 12.1 Sun: Atmosphere-Ocean Coupling ‘Top-Down’ vs. ‘Bottom-Up’ Mechanism: a Case Study 12.2 Sun: Atmosphere-Ocean Coupling – Limitations of Peak Year Compositing 12.2.1 Solar Cycle Signals in Peak Year Compositing for SLP: a Case Study 12.2.2 Solar Cycle Signals in Peak Year Compositing for Indian Summer Monsoon: a Case Study 12.3 Difference in Winter Surface Climate Between Solar Minimum and Maximum 12.4 Sun (Using SSN) and NAO in Observation Using MLR Technique 12.4.1 Sun (Using SSN) and NAO in Two Different Time Periods (1856–1977) and (1878–1997) 12.4.2 Sun (SSN) and NAO Longer Period (1870–2010) 12.4.3 Sun (SSN) and NAO Lag Relationship 12.5 AMO and PDO Relationship References 13 The Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice 13.1 Arctic Sea Ice: Last Few Years 13.2 Arctic Sea Ice: Change in 2014 13.3 Arctic Sea Ice and Solar Influence 13.4 Antarctic Sea Ice Reference 14 CMIP5 Project and Some Results 14.1 Global Climate Models (GCMs): Basic Equations 14.2 CMIP5 Project 14.3 Experiments: Historical and RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) Scenarios 14.4 Some CMIP5 Models 14.5 Temperature in CMIP5 and Observation 14.6 Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and ENSO in CMIP5 Models 14.6.1 CMIP5 Models for ISM Are Performing Well 14.6.2 CMIP5 Models for ISM Not Performing Well 14.6.3 Models: CMIP5, AMIP5 and High Top, Low Top 14.6.4 Precipitation Composites- El Niño: (CMIP5 vs. AMIP5) 14.6.5 Changes in ENSO Variability 2050–2100 in CMIP3 Experiments 14.6.6 Stratospheric Features in CMIP5: Low and High Top Models 14.6.7 Simulated and Observed Stratospheric Temperature References 15 Green House Gas Warming 15.1 Laws of Radiation 15.2 Solar Radiation vs. Terrestrial Radiation 15.3 Radiation Transmitted by the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Windows 15.4 Absorption: Water Vapour and CO2 15.5 CO 2 as a Greenhouse Gas 15.6 Temperature and CO 2: 400,000 Years 15.7 Earth’s Temperature Change in the Last 2000 Years 15.8 Radiative Forcing 15.9 Global Energy Balance References 16 Volcanic Influences 16.1 Volcano Cooling Effect 16.2 Influences of Volcanic Eruption 16.3 Effect of Large Eruptions on Weather and Climate 16.4 Polar Warming Associated with Large Eruptions 16.5 Sun, Volcano and ENSO References 17 Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere 17.1 Ozone Hole and Montreal Protocol 17.2 Ozone Hole Animation 17.3 Greenhouse Gases and Ozone in Model Reference 18 Influence of Various Other Solar Outputs 18.1 Mechanisms 18.2 Other Influences, e.g. Galactic Cosmic Rays 18.3 Sunspot vs. Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) References Few questions and Exercises for Students Further Reading Index

Note: Contents 1 Introduction to ‘Urban Disaster Resilience and Security—Addressing Risks in Societies’ / Alexander Fekete and Frank Fiedrich Part I Planning Urban Resilience 2 Nepal and the “Urban Resilience Utopia” / Johannes Anhorn 3 Exploring the Role of Planning in Urban Resilience Enhancement—An Irish Perspective / Aoife Doyle, William Hynes, Stephen M. Purcell and Maria Rochford 4 Toward Climate Resilience in the USA: From Federal to Local Level Initiatives and Practices Since the 2000s / Ebru A. Gencer and Wesley Rhodes 5 Enhancing Resilience Towards Summer Storms from a Spatial Planning Perspective—Lessons Learned from Summer Storm Ela / Hanna Christine Schmitt and Stefan Greiving 6 Measuring Urban Resilience to Natural Disasters for Iranian Cities: Challenges and Key Concepts / Solmaz Hosseinioon 7 Resilience History and Focus in the USA / Ronald Fisher, Michael Norman and James Peerenboom Part II Organizing Professionals and the People 8 Integrating Volunteers in Emergency Response: A Strategy for Increased Resilience Within German Civil Security Research / Jens Hälterlein, Linda Madsen, Agnetha Schuchardt, Roman Peperhove and Lars Gerhold 9 Contributions of Flood Insurance to Enhance Resilience–Findings from Germany / Annegret H. Thieken 10 Collaborative Emergency Supply Chains for Essential Goods and Services / Marcus Wiens, Frank Schätter, Christopher W. Zobel and Frank Schultmann Part III Urban Resilience Assessment: Methods and Challenges 11 Competence as Enabler of Urban Critical Infrastructure Resilience Assessment / Florian Brauner, Marie Claßen and Frank Fiedrich 12 Resilient Disaster Recovery: The Role of Health Impact Assessment / James K. Mitchell 13 DS3 Model Testing: Assessing Critical Infrastructure Network Flood Resilience at the Neighbourhood Scale / Damien Serre 14 Enhancing Flood Resilience Through Collaborative Modelling and Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) / Mariele Evers, Adrian Almoradie and Mariana Madruga de Brito Part IV Urban Critical Infrastructure and Security 15 An Approach for Quantifying the Multidimensional Nature of Disaster Resilience in the Context of Municipal Service Provision / Christopher W. Zobel, Milad Baghersad and Yang Zhang 16 A Future-Oriented Agent-Based Simulation to Improve Urban Critical Infrastructure Resilience / Thomas Münzberg, Tim Müller and Wolfgang Raskob 17 An Indicator-Based Approach to Assessing Resilience of Smart Critical Infrastructures / A. Jovanović, K. Øien and A. Choudhary 18 Certified Video Surveillance Systems for More Resilient Urban Societies / Simone Wurster, Irene Kamara, Thordis Sveinsdottir and Erik Krempel 19 Situational Resilience––A Network-Perspective on Resilience to Crime / Herbert Schubert and Tim Lukas Part V Resilience Trends, Paradigms and Reflections 20 Urban Riskscapes—Social and Spatial Dimensions of Risk in Urban Infrastructure Settings / Florian Neisser and Detlef Müller-Mahn 21 Researching Milieu-Specific Perceptions of Risk, (in)Security, and Vulnerability—A Conceptual Approach for Understanding the Inequality and Segregation Nexus in Urban Spaces / Kristina Seidelsohn, Martin Voss and Daniela Krüger 22 Resilience and Thriving in Spite of Disasters: A Stages of Change Approach / Norbert Mundorf, Colleen A. Redding, James O. Prochaska, Andrea L. Paiva and Pamela Rubinoff 23 Foresight in Sight: How to Improve Urban Resilience with Collaboration Among Public Authorities? / Riitta Molarius, Nina Wessberg, Jaana Keränen and Mervi Murtonen 24 How to Demarcate Resilience? A Reflection on Reviews in Disaster Resilience Research / Maike Vollmer and Gerald Walther 25 Challenges in Establishing Cross-Border Resilience / Anouck Adrot, Frank Fiedrich, Andreas Lotter, Thomas Münzberg, Eric Rigaud, Marcus Wiens, Wolfgang Raskob and Frank Schultmann Part VI Perspectives from the Science-Policy Nexus 26 Resilience—A Useful Approach for Climate Adaptation? / Thomas Abeling, Achim Daschkeit, Petra Mahrenholz and Inke Schauser 27 Urban Resilience and Crisis Management: Perspectives from France and Germany / Juergen Weichselgartner, Bernard Guézo, Irmtraud Beerlage, Christian Després, Alexander Fekete, Gabriele Hufschmidt, Orsola Lussignoli, Stefanie Mey-Richters, Jens Naumann and Ina Wienand 28 Considerations About Urban Disaster Resilience and Security—Two Concepts in Tandem? / Alexander Fekete and Janos J. Bogardi 29 Synthesis / Alexander Fekete and Frank Fiedrich

Note: Contents Geoinformatics and Atmospheric Science: Introduction / Tomasz Niedzielski and Krzysztof Migała Biweekly Sea Surface Temperature over the South China Sea and its association with the Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon / B. H. Vaid North Equatorial Indian Ocean Convection and Indian Summer Monsoon June Progression: a Case Study of 2013 and 2014 / Ramesh Kumar Yadav and Bhupendra Bahadur Singh Sensitivity Study of Cloud Cover and Ozone Modeling to Microphysics Parameterization / Kinga Wałaszek, Maciej Kryza, Mariusz Szymanowski, Małgorzata Werner and Hanna Ojrzyńska High-Resolution Dynamical Downscaling of ERA-Interim Using the WRF Regional Climate Model for the Area of Poland Part 1: Model Configuration and Statistical Evaluation for the 1981–2010 Period / Maciej Kryza, Kinga Wałaszek, Hanna Ojrzyńska, Mariusz Szymanowski, Małgorzata Werner and Anthony J. Dore High-Resolution Dynamical Downscaling of ERA-Interim Using the WRF Regional Climate Model for the Area of Poland Part 2: Model Performance with Respect to Automatically Derived Circulation Types / Hanna Ojrzyńska, Maciej Kryza, Kinga Wałaszek, Małgorzata Werner, Małgorzata Werner and Anthony J. Dore Aerosol-Radiation Feedback and PM10 Air Concentrations Over Poland / Małgorzata Werner, Maciej Kryza, Carsten Ambelas Skjøth, Kinga wałaszek, Anthony J. Dore, Hanna Ojrzyńska and Jan Kapłon 2 The Relevance of Surface Roughness Data Qualities in Diagnostic Modeling of Wind Velocity in Complex Terrain: A Case Study from the Śnieżnik Massif (SW Poland) / Kacper Jancewicz and Mariusz Szymanowski The Role of Auxiliary Variables in Deterministic and Deterministic-Stochastic Spatial Models of Air Temperature in Poland / Mariusz Szymanowski and Maciej Kryza Spatial Interpolation of Ewert’s Index of Continentality in Poland / Mariusz Szymanowski, Piotr Bednarczyk, Maciej Kryza and Marek Nowosad Geospatial Predictive Modelling for Climate Mapping of Selected Severe Weather Phenomena Over Poland: A Methodological Approach / Ewelina Walawender, Jakub P. Walawender and Zbigniew Ustrnul Geocomputation and Spatial Modelling for Geographical Drought Risk Assessment: A Case Study of the Hustopeče Area, Czech Republic / Aleš Ruda, Jaromír Kolejka and Kateřina Batelková The Use of Geospatial Technologies in Flood Hazard Mapping and Assessment: Case Study from River Evros / Angeliki Mentzafou, Vasiliki Markogianni and Elias Dimitriou Regional L-Moment-Based Flood Frequency Analysis in the Upper Vistula River Basin, Poland / A. Rutkowska, M. Żelazny, S. Kohnová, M. Łyp and K. Banasik GNSS Vertical Coordinate Time Series Analysis Using Single-Channel Independent Component Analysis Method / Wei Peng, Wujiao Dai, Rock Santerre, Changsheng Cai and Cuilin Kuang

Note: Contents Weather Forecasting Using Local Traditional Knowledge (LTK) in the Midst of Climate Change in Domboshawa, Zimbabwe / Vincent Itai Tanyanyiwa Climate Change Communication in Nepal / Anup K. C. Short Stories and Climate Change: An Application of Kolb’s Experiential Learning Model / Evangelos Manolas Role of the Media in Climate Change Communication in the Northwest Region of Cameroon / Suiven John Paul Tume, Mbilam Samson Jumbam, Ndze Albert Nsoseka, Ngoran Divine Nyarka, Lawong Judith Yenla and Njodzeka Gilbert Njodzeka Rural Indonesian Insight on Mass Media Role in Reducing Climate Change Risk / Syarifah Aini Dalimunthe Mapping Issues, Stakeholders and Actions on Youth Climate Change Communication in Indonesia for the Period 2008–2015 / Emilia Bassar, Impron and Paramitha Yanindraputri The Klimablog www.cambioclimatico-bolivia.org: Personal Reflections After 5 Years of Blogging on Climate Change from, for and About Bolivia / Dirk Hoffmann Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in the Agriculture Sector of Sri Lanka: What We Learnt and Way Forward / Rasu Eeswaran What’s the Worst Thing that Can Happen?—A Simple Exercise to Communicating and Reasoning About Climate Change / Markus Will and Joost Platje The Challenges of Climate Change Communication for Lagos Coastal Communities / Peter Elias Seven Strategies of Climate Change Science Communication for Policy Change: Combining Academic Theory with Practical Evidence from Science–Policy Partnerships in Canada / Garrett Ward Richards and Rebecca Carruthers Den Hoed Climate Change Communication: Community Knowledge and Preparedness / Sri Hartini Rachmad University Student’s Perceptions About Climate Change: The Case of Interior Design and Architecture Students of a Brazilian University / Fátima Alves, Leonor Bacelar Nicolau, Dula Lima, Ulisses M. Azeiteiro and Paula Bacelar Nicolau The Grounding for a Fossil Fuel Free World: Integrating Climate Change Education into Secondary Schools / Gina Lovett, Claire Lambert, Eric Chu and Joyeeta Gupta Climate Change and Renewable Energy: Opinions and Emotions of Elementary School Pupils in the Prefecture of Evros / Sideri Lefkeli, Georgios Tsantopoulos and Evangelos Manolas Incorporation of Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) into Biodiversity Management and Climate Change Variability Scenarios for Threatened Fish Species and Fishing Communities—Communication Patterns Among BioResources Users as a Prerequisite for Co-management: A Case Study of Berlenga MNR, Portugal and Resex-Mar of Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil / Heitor de Oliveira Braga, Miguel Ângelo Pardal and Ulisses M. Azeiteiro Delivering Solutions: Engaging Farmers and Land Holders in the Climate Change Debate / Becky Willson and Stephen Roderick The Role of Risk Perceptions in Climate Change Communication: A Media Analysis on the UK Winter Floods 2015/2016 / Viktoria Cologna, Rosalind H. Bark and Jouni Paavola The Feeling of Red and Blue—A Constructive Critique of Color Mapping in Visual Climate Change Communication / Birgit Schneider and Thomas Nocke Using Heritage to Engage Antarctic Tourists with Climate Change / Camilla Nichol Calm Before the Storm: Assessing Climate Change and Sustainability in Saudi Arabian Universities / Naif Alghamdi ‘Committees’, a Promising Institution in Climate Change Communication and Adaptation? / Sabine Tröger The SHAPE of Effective Climate Change Communication: Taking a RoundView / Joanne Tippett and Fraser How Communication Strategies for Building Climate-Smart Farming Communities / Jemima M. Mandapati Engagement in Action: Communicating Climate Change Research to Non-specialist Audiences / Julie Biddlecombe-Brown, Adam Holden and Melissa Swartz Communicating Climate Change in the Greater Manchester Region: A Whole Systems Approach to Change / Judith Emanuel and Carolyn Kagan Erratum to: Climate Change Communication in Nepal / Anup K. C.

Note: Contents 1 Introduction for This Book: General Aspects of the Coral Reefs of Japan / Akira Iguchi and Chuki Hongo 2 Dissolved Organic Matter in Coral Reefs: Distribution, Production, and Bacterial Consumption / Yasuaki Tanaka and Ryota Nakajima 3 Studies on Stress Responses of Corals in Japan / Tomihiko Higuchi 4 Coral Disease in Japan / Naohisa Wada, Aki Ohdera, and Nobuhiro Mano 5 Ocean Acidification Studies in Coral Reefs of Japan / Shoji Yamamoto 6 Frontiers of Coral-Based Sclerochronological Studies in Japan / Kohki Sowa and Kentaro Tanaka 7 Coral Reproduction in Japan / Naoko Isomura and Hironobu Fukami 8 Population Genetics of Corals in Japan / Yuichi Nakajima 9 Distribution Expansion and Historical Population Outbreak Patterns of Crown-of-Thorns Starfish, Acanthaster planci sensu lato, in Japan from 1912 to 2015 / Nina Yasuda 10 Studies on Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems in Japan / Frederic Sinniger and Saki Harii 11 The Hydrodynamic Impacts of Tropical Cyclones on Coral Reefs of Japan: Key Points and Future Perspectives / Chuki Hongo 12 Concluding Remarks: Future Perspectives on Coral Reef Studies of Japan – From Biology, Earth Science, and Conservation and Restoration / Akira Iguchi and Chuki Hongo Erratum Index

Note: Contents Part I Introduction to Scientific Python 1 Bird’s Eye View 2 Visualization 3 Fast Python: NumPy and Cython Part II Second Part: Mechanics 4 Mechanics I: Kinematics 5 Mechanics II: Newtonian Dynamics 6 Physics of Stokes Flow Part III Lattice Methods 7 Lagrangian Transport 8 Operator Formulation 9 Laplacian Operator and Diffusion 10 Beyond Linearity Part IV Advanced Techniques 11 Trees, Particles, and Boundaries 12 Applications to Geodynamics 13 The Future References Index

Note: Contents Part I Introduction 1 Famines: At the Interface of Nature and Society / Dominik Collet and Maximilian Schuh Part II Interdisciplinary Approaches 2 The European Mortality Crises of 1346–52 and Advent of the Little Ice Age / Bruce M.S. Campbell 3 Combining Written and Tree-Ring Evidence to Trace Past Food Crises: A Case Study from Finland / Heli Huhtamaa Part III Socionatural Entanglements 4 Two Decades of Crisis: Famine and Dearth During the 1480s and 1490s in Western and Central Europe / Chantal Camenisch 5 Climate and Famines in the Czech Lands Prior to AD 1500: Possible Interconnections in a European Context / Rudolf Brázdil, Oldřich Kotyza and Martin Bauch 6 Food Insecurity and Political Instability in the Southern Red Sea Region During the ‘Little Ice Age,’ 1650–1840 / Steven Serels Part IV Coping 7 The Role of Climate and Famine in the Medieval Eastern Expansion / Andreas Rüther 8 Famines in Late Medieval and Early Modern Italy: A Test for an Advanced Economy / Guido Alfani 9 Bread for the Poor: Poor Relief and the Mitigation of the Food Crises of the 1590s and the 1690s in Berkel, Holland / Jessica Dijkman 10 Educationalizing Hunger. Dealing with the Famine of 1770/71 in Zurich / Andrea De Vincenti Part V Perceiving and Remembering 11 Starvation Under Carolingian Rule. The Famine of 779 and the Annales Regni Francorum / Stephan Ebert 12 Staging the Return to Normality. Socio-cultural Coping Strategies with the Crisis of 1816/1817 / Maren Schulz 13 Remembering Hunger. Museums and the Material Culture of Famine / Andrea Fadani

Note: Contents Introduction / Jean-Michel Sourisseau, Pierre-Marie Bosc, Philippe Bonnal, Jean-François Bélières, Pierre Gasselin, and Élodie Valette Part I Non-commercial Rationales, an ‘Archaism’ Worth Revisiting Introduction / Pierre-Marie Bosc Family Farming in Polish Podlasie: Anachronism or Overlooked Potential? / Pascal Chevalier Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture, the Dairy Farms of Cairo, Egypt / Annabelle Daburon, Véronique Alary, Ahmed Ali, Mohammad El-Srogi, and Jean-François Tourrand Integration into International Markets of Cotton Family Farms in Mali / Mamy Soumaré, Jean-François Bélières, Michel Passouant, and Moumouni Sidibé The Precariousness of the Sedentarization of a Pastoral Fulani Population in Benin / Isabelle Droy and Jean-Étienne Bidou Part II Local Anchoring and Migration as Two Faces of the Same Coin Introduction / Élodie Valette Multi-localized Diversified Family Farming in Nicaragua / Sandrine Fréguin-Gresh, Anaïs Trousselle, and Geneviève Cortes The iony Moment: Migration, Livelihoods and Family Farming in the Upper Cañar Valley (Southern Ecuadorian Andes) / Michel Vaillant Agriculture in Southern Mozambique, an Activity Based on Labour Migration / Sara Mercandalli Part III On the Boundaries of Family Farming: Examples of Family Business Farming Introduction / Jean-Michel Sourisseau In Between Agro-industries and Family Business Farms: Ephemeral Smallholder Family Plantations in Indonesia / Stéphanie Barral Family Farming in Brazil: Modernized and Integrated / Osmar Tomaz de Souza, Philippe Bonnal, Leonardo Beroldt, and Renata Menasche Family-Run Farm Enterprises, Territories and Policies in Argentina / Sophie Chaxel, Roberto Cittadini, Pierre Gasselin, and Christophe Albaladejo Part IV Diversification of Activities Between Strategies of Survival and Accumulation Introduction / Pierre Gasselin Family Farming Confronted by Drought and Liberalization in Senegal / Ibrahima Hathie and Cheikh Oumar Ba Long-Term Accumulation Strategies and Family Farms in Cameroon / Philippe Pédelahore The Uncertain Market Integration of Family Farms in Madagascar / Nicole Andrianirina Part V Organization of the Family Between a Collective Asset and the Limitations of Individual Strategies Introduction / Jean-François Bélières From Large to Small Families in Burkina Faso: Disrupted Generations and Statuses / Sébastien Bainville A Family and Its Cross-Border Pastoral System: Between Niger, Chad and Nigeria / Bernard Bonnet, Ousman Malam Ousseini, and Issoufou El Hadj Attoumane Part VI Beyond Family Farming: The Determining Influence of Political and Territorial Issues Introduction / Philippe Bonnal Fragmentation of Irrigated Family Farms in Southern India / Frédéric Landy On the Roof of the World, the Herders of the Tibetan Plateau Confronted by Change / Ruijun Long, Xiao Jing Qi, Luming Ding, Tingting Yang, Thierry Bonaudo, Bernard Hubert, and Jean-François Tourrand Family Farming in Contemporary Kanak Society / Séverine Bouard, Leïla Apithy, and Stéphane Guyard Conclusion: Methodological and Conceptual Contributions / Philippe Bonnal, Jean-Michel Sourisseau, Pierre-Marie Bosc, Pierre Gasselin, Jean-François Bélières, and Élodie Valette References

Note: Contents Deciding for Remediation of the Seepage Barrier System in Foundation of an Earthfill Dam Based on the Monitoring Data and Numerical Analysis / Hamed Farshbaf Aghajani Nonlinear Seismic Response of Concrete Gravity Dams / Djamel Ouzandja, Boualem Tiliouine, and Toufiq Ouzandja Applied GIS to the Monitoring of Building Work Case Study: Construction of 2000 Houses in Ghadames-Lybia / Samir Medhioub, Mohamed Baklouti, and Slah Bouraoui Stability Analysis of Souk-Tleta Earth Dam, North Algeria / Ryma Afiri, Saida Hadj Abderrahmane, Lynda Djerbal, and Smail Gabi Static Liquefaction Analysis of the Limonar Tailings Dam in Peru / Herbert M. Maturano Rafael and Celso Romanel Probabilistic Seismic Hazard and Dynamic Stability Assessment of a Tailings Dam Located in Jamaica / Frank Perez and Celso Romanel Analysis and Recovery Proposal for Erosion Process Located in the City of Planaltina-GO / Rideci Farias, Rhael Maycon Noronha Ribeiro, Haroldo Paranhos, Itamar de Souza Bezerra, and Roberto Pimentel Soil Structure Interaction Studies with Use of Geosynthetics in Soils Beneath Footings / R. Shivashankar, Nalini E. Rebello, V.R. Sastry, and B.R. Jayalekshmi A Posteriori Error Estimation for the Non-associated Plasticity Drucker-Prager Model with Hardening / Dao Duy Lam Analysis of Structural Behaviour of Thick Composite Laminates on an Elastic Foundation Using Efficient Higher-Order Theory / Mokhtar Bouazza, Tawfiq Becheri, and Abderrahmane Boucheta 3D Numerical Simulation of the Goaf Due to Large-Scale Longwall Mining / Samar S. Ahmed, Marwan AlHeib, Yann Gunzburger, and Vincent Renaud A Suggested Model Using Quantitive and Qualitative Parameters for Cost Engineering of Mechanically Stabilised Earth Walls in Egypt / Joseph Meadows and John Erian Influence of Asphalt Mixture Ageing and Lowered Laboratory Compaction Rate on Stiffness and Cracking Behavior / Pavla Vacková, Jan Valentin, and Adriana Kotoušová Numerical Study of the Failure Surface in Granular Soil Under Two Closely Spaced Strip Footings / Assma Benbouza, Liela Arabet, and Khelifa Abbeche Evaporation Rate Dependence with Saturation Degree / Houcem Trabelsi Comparative Analysis of a Deep Excavation in a Clays Sequence in Bogota City, with an Emphasis on FEM and Auscultation from the View Point of the Soil-Structure Interaction / Lucero Amparo Estevez Rey Assessment of Granular Soil Failure at the Water Borehole Depth in South Eastern Nigeria by Discrete and Finite Element Methods / Kennedy C. Onyelowe, O.A. Ubachukwu, O.C. Ikpemo, and F.O. Okafor Effect of NBR-Waste on Rheological Properties of Modified Bitumen and Mechanical Characteristics of the Asphalt Mix / Khedoudja Soudani, Véronique Cerezo, and Smail Haddadi Numerical Check of the Meyerhof Bearing Capacity Equation for Shallow Foundations / Stefan Van Baars Utilization of Weathered Rock Mass as the China Three Gorges Dam Foundation / Shirong Xiao, Guodong Zhang, and Qingjun Zuo Displacement Assessment of Rock Socketed Shafts: A Numerical Approach / Asmaa M.H. Mahmoud and Ahmed M. Samieh Analysis and Modelling of Stiffened Slab Foundation on Expansive Soils / Mohamed A. Shams, Mohamed A. Shahin, and Mostafa A. Ismail Derivation of the Incremental Stress-Strain Relations for Expansive Soils and Implementation into the Boundary Element Method / Jamila El Brahmi and Mimoun Zoukaghe The Behaviour of Shallow Foundation Near Slope Under Inclined Loading / Messaoud Baazouzi, Mekki Mellas, Djamel Benmeddour, and Abdelhak Mabrouki Case Study About Erosion in Elmo SerejoAvenue, Taguatinga/Federal District – Brazil / Mariane Rodrigues da Vitória, Rideci Farias, Haroldo Paranhos, Itamar de Souza Bezerra, and Roberto Pimentel de Sousa Júnior Performance of Shallow Foundation Overlaying Cavernous Limestone / Ahmed M. El-Tohamy Numerical Investigations on Lateral Load Response of Fin Piles / K.V. Babu and B.V.S. Viswanadham Experiences with Tip Post Grouted Drilled Shafts in China / Zhihui Wan and Guoliang Dai Analysis on Post-peak and Creep Mechanical Behavior of Highly-Weathered Rock / Yinghua Tan and Qian Zhang Author Index

Note: Contents Part I Bioeconomy: Concepts, Fundaments and New Approaches Fostering Sustainable Bioeconomies: The Role of Conscious Consumption / Madhavi Venkatesan Service-Based Bioeconomy—Multilevel Perspective to Assess the Evolving Bioeconomy with a Service Lens / Päivi Pelli, Jyrki Kangas and Jouni Pykäläinen Environmental Sustainability Indicators for the Bioeconomy / Tiina Pursula, Maija Aho, Ida Rönnlund and Minna Päällysaho A Macroeconomic Perspective on Green Growth / Mounaim Sebastian Rhozyel and Jolanta Žalpytė Part II Bioeconomy: Industry, Market and Financing Possibilities The Biodiversity Finance Initiative: An Approach to Identify and Implement Biodiversity-Centered Finance Solutions for Sustainable Development / Marco Arlaud, Tracey Cumming, Ian Dickie, Marlon Flores, Onno van den Heuvel, David Meyers, Massimiliano Riva, Andrew Seidl and Annabelle Trinidad Bioeconomy Opportunities in the Danube Region / Miklós Gyalai-Korpos, Zoltán Szabó, Miklós Hollósy, Bence Dávid, Kinga Pencz, Csaba Fehér and Zsolt Barta Barriers to Acceptance of Bio-Based Substitutes: How Schema Incongruity Can Hinder the Purchase of Bio-Based Products / Katja Rudolph Key Factors for the Successful Implementation of Payments for Environmental Services and Offsets for Biodiversity Management and Sustainable Development / P. Puydarrieux and A. L. Mésenge Part III Bioeconomy: Innovative Approaches and Technological Possibilities Development of Blue Revolution Through Integrated Bio-cycles System on Tropical Natural Resources Management / Cahyono Agus Local Knowledge and Resources as Driving Forces of Sustainable Bioeconomy / Maris Klavins and Vaira Obuka Tropicalizing Sustainable Bioeconomy: Initial Lessons from Ecuador / Daniel V. Ortega-Pacheco, Ariel Silva, Alfredo López, Ramón Espinel, Diego Inclán and María J. Mendoza-Jiménez Economic Assessment of Tourism Based on Shark-Seeing and Diving as a More Profitable Activity Than Commercial Fishing / Yessica Miriam Plata Zepeda, Patricia Ramírez Romero and Fabíola S. Sosa-Rodríguez Part IV Bioeconomy: Advances on Agriculture, Biofarming and Food Production Potential for Sustainable Urban Food Production in a Medium Scale City in Germany / Kay Plat, Andreas Meyer, Petra Schneider and Kai Perret Building Bioeconomy in Agriculture: Harnessing Soil Microbes for Sustaining Ecosystem Services / Raj Rengalakshmi, Manjula M., V. R. Prabavathy, S. Jegan and B. Selvamukilan Revitalisation of Agricultural Biomass for an Industrial Bio-economy, Case Studies on South Africa and Netherlands Bio-economy / Marie Blanche Ting and Jim Philp Mangrove Restoration an Economical Alternative for Generating Incomes / Ángel Sol Sánchez, Gloria Isela Hernández Melchor, Juan Manuel Zaldívar Cruz, Carlos Alberto Zúñiga González and José Luis Santiváñez Galarza Green-Growth Policies and Economic Effects: Lessons Learnt from Organic Farming in the Czech Republic / Radka Redlichová, Věra Bečvářová, Diana Mihaela Pociovălișteanu, Karel Vinohradský and Ivo Zdráhal Family Farmers’ Cooperative from Ibiúna, São Paulo State, Brazil: An Example of Social Capital as a Driver for Ecological Sustainability Change / Paulo Roberto Borges de Brito Part V Bioeconomy: Advances on Bioenergy and Biofuels Constructing a Sustainable Bioeconomy: Multi-scalar Perceptions of Sustainability / Aparajita Banerjee, Chelsea L. Schelly and Kathleen E. Halvorsen Contributions of Public Policies to Greening Sugarcane Ethanol Production in Brazil / Issa Ibrahim Berchin, Sthefanie Aguiar da Silva, Pierre Bocquillon, Vitória Haendchen Fornasari, Larissa Pereira Cipoli Ribeiro, João Marcelo Pereira Ribeiro and José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório de Andrade Guerra Sustainable Development: Implications for Energy Policy in Nigeria / A. V. Adejumo and O. O. Adejumo To Cultivate or Not to Cultivate? An Exploratory Analysis of What Influences Greek Farmers’ Decisions Towards the Cultivation of Bioenergy Crops / Eugenia Petropoulou, Vasiliki Petousi and Irini Theodorakopoulou Bioenergy Development in Sweden—Frameworks for Success / Anders Chr. Hansen and Anna Berlina Ecological Limits to Sustainable Use of Wood Fuels / Janis Abolins Part VI Bioeconomy: Advances on Bio-Based Forest Resources and Biomass Sustainability-Driven New Business Models in Wood Construction Towards 2030 / Anne Toppinen, Minna Autio, Miska Sauru and Sami Berghäll A Governance Framework for a Sustainable Bioeconomy: Insights from the Case of the German Wood-based Bioeconomy / Erik Gawel, Alexandra Purkus, Nadine Pannicke and Nina Hagemann Holistic Indicator for Optimizing Forest Governance / Mihail Hanzu Qualitative and Quantitative Indicators of Coniferous in Boreal Zone After Care for a Forest / Dmitry Danilov Bioeconomy Meets the Circular Economy: The RESYNTEX and FORCE Projects / Walter Leal Filho Erratum to: Towards a Sustainable Bioeconomy: Principles, Challenges and Perspectives / Walter Leal Filho, Diana-Mihaela Pociovălișteanu, Paulo Roberto Borges de Brito and Ismar Borges de Lima

Note: Contents Part I Developing Climate Change Information 1 Science and Knowledge Production for Climate Change Adaptation: Challenges and Opportunities / Silvia Serrao-Neumann and Anne Coudrain 2 Science and Evidence-Based Climate Change Policy: Collaborative Approaches to Improve the Science–Policy Interface / Edward A. Morgan and Gabriela Marques Di Giulio 3 Conceptual Analysis of Climate Change in the Light of Society-Environment Relationships: Observatories Closer to Both Systems and Societies / Mireille Fargette, Maud Loireau, Nabil Ben Khatra, Habiba Khiari and Thérèse Libourel 4 Rethinking IPCC Expertise from a Multi-actor Perspective / Maud H. Devès, Michel Lang, Paul-Henri Bourrelier and François Valérian 5 Computational Constraint Models for Decision Support and Holistic Solution Design / Carmen Gervet Part II Communicating Climate Change Information 6 Uncertainty and Future Planning: The Use of Scenario Planning for Climate Change Adaptation Planning and Decision / Silvia Serrao-Neumann and Darryl Low Choy 7 Future Climate Narratives: Combining Personal and Professional Knowledge to Adapt to Climate Change / Liese Coulter 8 Integrating Research and Practice in Emerging Climate Services—Lessons from Other Transdisciplinary Dialogues / Susanne Schuck-Zöller, Carina Brinkmann and Simone Rödder 9 Communicating Climate Information: Traveling Through the Decision-Making Process / Ghislain Dubois, Femke Stoverinck and Bas Amelung 10 Transforming Climate Change Policymaking: From Informing to Empowering the Local Community / Michael Howes 11 Resilience and Vulnerability Assessment as the Basis for Adaptation Dialogue in Information-Poor Environments: A Cambodian Example / Chris Jacobson, Stacy Crevello, Chanseng Nguon and Chanthan Chea Part III Applying Climate Change Information: Case Studies 12 Scalable Interactive Platform for Geographic Evaluation of Sea-Level Rise Impact Combining High-Performance Computing and WebGIS Client / Agnès Tellez-Arenas, Robin Quique, Faïza Boulahya, Gonéri Le Cozannet, François Paris, Sylvestre Le Roy, Fabrice Dupros and François Robida 13 Coral Reef Monitoring Coping with Climate Change, Toward a Socio-ecological System Perspective / Gilbert David and Jean-Pascal Quod 14 The Experience of the Brazilian Climate and Health Observatory: Seeking Interaction Between Organizations and Civil Society / Renata Gracie, Diego Ricardo Xavier, Sandra de Souza Hacon, Vanderlei Matos, Heglaucio da Silva Barros, Maria de Fátima de Pina and Christovam Barcellos Part IV Conclusion 15 Informing Decisions with Climate Change Information / Liese Coulter and Anne Coudrain Index

Note: Contents 1 Introduction 2 In the beginning….and somewhat later 3 How to make a habitable planet 4 Prebiotic chemical synthesis 5 The Origin of Life 6 Interlude 7 Photosynthesis: The Game Changer 8 The Rise of Oxygen and the origin of the Eukaryotic Cell 9 Earliest plants and animals 10 The Cambrian Explosion and emergence of “modern” body plans 11 The end of the Ordovician and the colonization of the land 12 The Permian extinction and rise of the dinosaurs 13 End of Cretaceous extinction: The end of the dinosaurs 14 The rise of mammals, the Genus Homo, and the ongoing extinction event 15 Conclusion Appendix 1. Analysis of tRNA sequences, searching for matches to modern protein amino acid sequences Appendix 2. Calculating the probability of the formation of the first protocell Index

Note: Contents 1 Introduction and Historical Perspective / Robert L. Price and W. Gray (Jay) Jerome 2 The Theory of Fluorescence / W. Gray (Jay) Jerome 3 Fluorescence Microscopy / W. Gray (Jay) Jerome and Robert L. Price 4 Specimen Preparation / W. Gray (Jay) Jerome, John Fuseler, Caleb A. Padgett, and Robert L. Price 5 Labeling Considerations for Confocal Microscopy / R. M. Albrecht and J. A. Oliver 6 Digital Imaging / W. Gray (Jay) Jerome 7 Confocal Digital Image Capture / W. Gray (Jay) Jerome 8 Types of Confocal Instruments: Basic Principles and Advantages and Disadvantages / John Fuseler, W. Gray (Jay) Jerome, and Robert L. Price 9 Setting the Confocal Microscope Operating Parameters / Amy E. Rowley, Anna M. Harper, and Robert L. Price 10 3D Reconstruction of Confocal Image Data / Thomas C. Trusk 11 Analysis of Image Similarity and Relationship / Jesse Aaron and Teng-Leong Chew 12 Ethics and Resources / W. Gray (Jay) Jerome and Robert L. Price Glossary (Terms Are Defined with Respect to Confocal Imaging) Index

Note: Contents In Search of New Narratives for Informed Decisions on Climate Change Crisis in the African Drylands / Aliyu Barau and Adamu Idris Tanko Assessing High School Student Perceptions and Comprehension of Climate Change / Ulisses M. Azeiteiro, P. Bacelar-Nicolau, P. T. Santos, L. Bacelar-Nicolau and F. Morgado A Sustainability Livelihood Approach (SLA) Model for Assessing Disaster Preparedness and Resilience of the People: Case Study of Cox’s Bazar Sadar Upazila in Bangladesh / Md. Mokhlesur Rahman and Weifeng Li Loving Glacier National Park Online: Climate Change Communication and Virtual Place Attachment / Salma Monani, Sarah Principato, Dori Gorczyca and Elizabeth Cooper Understanding Communication Needs: A Marikina Barangay Experience Linking Flooding to Climate Change Communication / Charlotte Kendra Gotangco and Inez Ponce de Leon Climate: The Great Maestro of Life on Earth. History, Didactics and Case Studies / Maria Rosário Bastos, Joana Gaspar de Freitas and João Pedro Cunha Ribeiro Children Communicating on Climate Change: The Case of a Summer Camp at a Greek Island / Constantina Skanavis and Aristea Kounani Communicating the IPCC: Challenges and Opportunities / Jonathan Lynn Performative Methods for Climate Change Communication in Academic Settings: Case Study of the Freiburg Scientific Theatre / Sadhbh Juárez-Bourke Watershed Discipleship: Communicating Climate Change Within a Christian Framework: A Case Study Analysis / Cherice Bock Assessment of Outdoor Workers Perception Working in Extreme Hot Climate / Haruna Musa Moda and Abdullah Alshahrani Games for Knowledge Transfer and as a Stimulus for Climate Change Mitigation in Agriculture—Lessons Learned from a Game Prototype / Anja Hansen, Kathrin Schneider and Johanna Lange Climate Impacts for German Schools—An Educational Web Portal Solution / Ines Blumenthal, Carolin Schlenther, Simon Hirsbrunner, Manfred Stock and Thomas Nocke Communicating Climate Change in a Museum Setting—A Case Study / Bettina C. Lackner, Sajeev Erangu Purath Mohankumar, Matthias Damert, Daniel Petz, Lukas Meyer, Roman Klug and Barbara Reiter Climate Change Communication in Higher Education Institutions: The Case of the North-West University in South Africa / Paola Villavicencio Calzadilla, Romain Mauger and Anél Du Plessis Traditional Ecological Knowledge as a Contribution to Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: The Case of the Portuguese Coastal Populations / Joana Gaspar de Freitas, Maria Rosário Bastos and João Alveirinho Dias Building Carbon Literacy: How the Irish Press Normalise Public Discussion About Climate Mitigation Actions / Brenda McNally Climate Change Communication and User Engagement: A Tool to Anticipate Climate Change / Marta Terrado, Isadora Christel, Dragana Bojovic, Albert Soret and Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes Encouraging 10,000 Staff to Take Action on Sustainability: A Case Study of a Sustainability Engagement Programme in Higher Education / Lucy Millard Disseminating Climate Change: The Role of Museums in Activating the Global Public / Morien Rees and Walter Leal Filho Engaging People with Climate Change Through Museums / Henry McGhie, Sarah Mander and Ralph Underhill Considering the Role of Government in Communicating Climate Change: Lessons from the US Public Flood Insurance Program / Chad J. McGuire Istanbul’s Vulnerability to Climate Change: An Urban Sectors’ Based Assessment / Aysun Aygün and Tüzin Baycan Enhancing Intergenerational Communication Around Climate Change / Susan A. Brown and Raichael Lock

Note: Contents 1 Rocks Work 2 Oil Play 3 Drilling Reflections 4 Interpretation in Time 5 New Adventures 6 The Field of Prospects 7 Gas on Tap 8 The Price of Oil Glossary

Note: Contents Part I Introductory 1 Climate Change and Air Pollution: An Introduction / Rais Akhtar and Cosimo Palagiano 2 Air Quality in Changing Climate: Implications for Health Impacts / Sourangsu Chowdhury and Sagnik Dey 3 International Conferences on Sustainable Development and Climate from Rio de Janeiro to Paris / Giovanni De Santis and Claudia Bortone 4 COP21 in Paris: Politics of Climate Change / Rais Akhtar Part II Case Studies: Developed Countries/Regions 5 Climate Change Impacts on Air Pollution in Northern Europe / Ruth M. Doherty and Fiona M. O’Connor 6 The Impact of Climate Change and Air Pollution in the Southern European Countries / Cosimo Palagiano and Rossella Belluso 7 Canada: Climate Change, Air Pollution and Health / Stefania Bertazzon and Fox Underwood 8 Climate Change, Forest Fires, and Health in California / Ricardo Cisneros, Don Schweizer, Leland (Lee) Tarnay, Kathleen Navarro, David Veloz, and C. Trent Procter 9 Air Pollution and Climate Change in Australia: A Triple Burden / Colin D. Butler and James Whelan 10 Epidemiological Consequences of Climate Change (with Special Reference to Malaria in Russia) / Svetlana M. Malkhazova, Natalia V. Shartova, and Varvara A. Mironova 11 Climate Change and Projections of Temperature-Related Mortality / Dmitry Shaposhnikov and Boris Revich 12 Climate Change and Air Quality in Southeastern China: Hong Kong Study / Yun Fat Lam Part III Case Studies: Developing Countries/Regions 13 Trends and Seasonal Variations of Climate, Air Quality, and Mortality in Three Major Cities in Taiwan / Mei-Hui Li 14 Climate Change and Urban Air Pollution Health Impacts in Indonesia / Budi Haryanto 15 Climate Change and Air Pollution in Malaysia / Nasrin Aghamohammadi and Marzuki Isahak 16 Climate Change, Air Pollution, and Human Health in Bangkok / Uma Langkulsen and Desire Rwodzi 17 Climate Change, Air Pollution and Human Health in Delhi, India / Hem H. Dholakia and Amit Garg 18 Climate Change and Air Pollution in Mumbai / S. Siva Raju and Khushboo Ahire 19 Climate Change and Air Pollution in East Asia: Taking Transboundary Air Pollution into Account / Ken Yamashita and Yasushi Honda 20 Climate Change, Air Pollution and Health in South Africa / Eugene Cairncross, Aqiel Dalvie, Rico Euripidou, James Irlam, and Rajen Nithiseelan Naidoo 21 The Impact of Climate Change and Air Pollution on the Caribbean / Muge Akpinar-Elci and Olaniyi Olayinka 22 Compounding Factors: Air Pollution and Climate Variability in Mexico City / Marı´a Eugenia Ibarrara´n, Iva´n Islas, and Jose´ Abraham Ortı´nez 23 Air Pollution, Climate Change, and Human Health in Brazil / Ju´lia Alves Menezes, Carina Margonari, Rhavena Barbosa Santos, and Ulisses Confalonieri 24 Climate Change, Air Pollution, and Infectious Diseases: A New Epidemiological Scenario in Argentina / Daniel Oscar Lipp Part IV Conclusion 25 Summary and Conclusion / Rais Akhtar and Cosimo Palagiano Index

Note: Contents ISOLA Code for Multiple-Point Source Modeling—Review / Jiří Zahradník and Efthimios Sokos Seismic Moment Tensors in Anisotropic Media: A Review / Václav Vavryčuk The Frequency-Domain Moment-Tensor Inversion: Retrieving the Complete Source Moment-Tensor Spectra and Time Histories / Xiaoning Yang, Brian W. Stump and Mason D. Macphail Berkeley Seismic Moment Tensor Method, Uncertainty Analysis, and Study of Non-double-couple Seismic Events / Douglas S. Dreger Estimating Stability and Resolution of Waveform Inversion Focal Mechanisms / S. Scolaro, C. Totaro, D. Presti, Sebastiano D’Amico, G. Neri and B. Orecchio The Method of Cataclastic Analysis of Discontinuous Displacements / Yu. L. Rebetsky and A. Yu. Polets Challenges in Regional Moment Tensor Resolution and Interpretation / Simone Cesca and Sebastian Heimann The Role of Moment Tensors in the Characterization of Hydraulic Stimulations / Ismael Vera Rodriguez, James Rutledge and Sergey Stanchits Constrained Moment Tensors: Source Models and Case Studies / Jan Šílený Seismic Deformation Derived from Moment Tensor Summation: Application Along the Hellenic Trench / Anastasia Kiratzi, Christoforos Benetatos and Filippos Vallianatos Estimation of Empirical Green’s Tensor Spatial Derivative Elements: A Preliminary Study Using Strong Motion Records in Southern Fukui Prefecture, Japan / Michihiro Ohori Retrieval of the Seismic Moment Tensor from Joint Measurements of Translational and Rotational Ground Motions: Sparse Networks and Single Stations / Stefanie Donner, Heiner Igel, Céline Hadziioannou and the Romy group Overview of Moment Tensor Analysis in New Zealand / John Ristau Applications of Moment Tensor Solutions to the Assessment of Earthquake Hazard in Canada / J. F. Cassidy, H. Kao, John Ristau and A. Bent Intraplate Earthquakes in Europe—Source Parameters from Regional Moment Tensor Analysis / Jochen Braunmiller Source Characteristics of the January 8, 2013 (M W = 5.7) and May 24, 2014 (M W = 6.8) North Aegean Earthquakes Sequence / Doğan Kalafat, Kıvanç Kekovalı and Ali Pınar Investigating the Focal Mechanisms of the August 4th, 2003, Mw 7.6, South Orkney Islands Earthquake and its Aftershocks Sequence / M. P. Plasencia Linares, M. Guidarelli, M. Russi and G. F. Panza Waveform Modelling of 2009 Bhutan Earthquake of Magnitude 6.1 (Mw) Using Local Network Data of North East India / Santanu Baruah and Midusmita Boruah Resolving the Tectonic Stress by the Inversion of Earthquake Focal Mechanisms. Application in the Region of Greece. A Tutorial / Ioannis G. Kassaras and Vasilis Kapetanidis Relative Locations of Clustered Earthquakes in the Sea of Marmara and States of Local Stresses in the East of the Central Marmara Basin / Yasemin Korkusuz Öztürk and Nurcan Meral Özel Focal Mechanisms of Earthquakes and Stress Field of the Earth Crust in Azerbaijan / G. J. Yetirmishli and S. E. Kazimova Seismotectonic Crustal Strains of the Mongol-Baikal Seismic Belt from Seismological Data / Alena Seredkina and Valentina Melnikova The Stress State of Seismic Areas of the Central and East Asia / Yu. L. Rebetsky, A. Yu. Polets, O. A. Kuchay and N. A. Sycheva The Significance of Crustal Velocity Model in Moment Tensor Solutions: A Case Study of Yedisu Earthquakes / Fatih Turhan, Musavver Didem Cambaz and Jiří Zahradník An Overview of the Seismicity and Tectonics of the Black Sea / Doğan Kalafat Coulomb Stress Changes in the Area of December 2013–January 2014 Sannio-Matese Seismic Sequence (Southern Italy) / Santanu Baruah and Sebastiano D’Amico Active Faulting in the Earth’s Crust of the Baikal Rift System Based on the Earthquake Focal Mechanisms / Vladimir A. Sankov and Anna A. Dobrynina Quaternary Stress Field and Faulting in the Western Part of the Catanzaro Trough (Calabria, Southern Italy) / F. Brutto, F. Muto, M. F. Loreto, Sebastiano D’Amico, N. De Paola, V. Tripodi and S. Critelli A Seismogenic Zone Model for Seismic Hazard Studies in Northwestern Africa / J. A. Peláez, J. Henares, M. Hamdache and C. Sanz de Galdeano A Trial Modeling of Perturbed Repeating Earthquakes Combined by Mathematical Statics, Numerical Modeling and Seismological Observations / Keisuke Ariyoshi, Shunichi Nomura, Naoki Uchida and Toshihiro Igarashi Getting Started with GMT: An Introduction for Seismologists / Matthew R. Agius Devices for a Rotational Ground Motion Measurement / Leszek R. Jaroszewicz and Anna Kurzych

Note: Zugl.: Dissertation, Technische Universität Berlin, 2017

Note: Presents main results over 20 years of research in an underground rock laboratory in claystone, Well-illustrated examples of the different stages of repository evolution, The reader gets an excellent overview and never loses the common thread of the rather complex thematic, Contains invaluable data and information relevant to fundamental problems

Note: Contents: 1. Global politics and the environment ; Part I. Why Do Environmental Problems Occur?: 2. The tragedy of the commons ; 3. Population and poverty ; 4. Capitalism ; Part II. Responding to Global Environmental Problems: 5. Conflict and securitisation - water ; 6. Multilateral diplomacy - sustainable development ; 7. Transnational governance experiments - climate change ; 8. Aid and finance - deforestation ; 9. Individualising responsibility - unsustainable consumption ; 10. Problem displacement - hazardous substances ; 11. Resistance and localisation - unsustainable agriculture ; 12. Appraising global environmental governance

Note: New perspectives on pterosaur palaeobiology , Pterosaurs in Mesozoic food webs: a review of fossil evidence , Using three-dimensional, digital models of pterosaur skulls for the investigation of their relative bite forces and feeding styles , Pelvic musculature of Vectidraco daisymorrisae and consequences for pterosaur locomotion , Inferring the properties of the pterosaur wing membrane , Waves of bone deposition on the rostrum of the pterosaur Pteranodon , Neonate morphology and development in pterosaurs: evidence from a Ctenochasmatid embryo from the Early Cretaceous of Argentina , Short note on a new anurognathid pterosaur with evidence of perching behaviour from Jianchang of Liaoning Province, China , Pterosaur material from the uppermost Jurassic of the uppermost Morrison Formation, Breakfast Bench Facies, Como Bluff, Wyoming, including a pterosaur with pneumatized femora , The taxonomy and phylogeny of Diopecephalus kochi (Wagner, 1837) and ‘Germanodactylus rhamphastinus’ (Wagner, 1851) , A taxonomic revision of Noripterus complicidens and Asian members of the Dsungaripteridae , Topotype specimens probably attributable to the giant azhdarchid pterosaur Arambourgiania philadelphiae (Arambourg 1959) , The pterosaur assemblage of the Oxford Clay Formation (Jurassic, Callovian–Oxfordian) from the UK , Systematic reassessment of the first Jurassic pterosaur from Thailand , A large pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone of Utah , Cervical vertebrae of an enigmatic pterosaur from the Crato Formation (Lower Cretaceous, Araripe Basin, NE Brazil) , A wing metacarpal from Italy and its implications for latest Cretaceous pterosaur diversity , A new pterosaur specimen from the Upper Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation (Cretaceous, Valanginian) of southern England and a review of Lonchodectes sagittirostris (Owen 1874) , Online version

Note: Contents: Preface. - Acknowledgements. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 Origin and characters of silicon and its isotopes. - 1.2 A brief description of silicon geochemistry. - 1.3 The history of silicon isotope studies. - 2 Analytical methods of silicon isotope composition. - 2.1 Gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometric analysis of silicon isotopes. - 2.2 Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (MC-ICPMS) analysis of silicon isotopes. - 2.3 Secondary ion mass spectrometry analyses. - 2.4 Standards and reference materials for silicon isotope measurement. - 2.5 Comparison of different methods on silicon isotope analyses. - 3 Mechanisms of silicon isotope fractionation. - 3.1 The thermodynamic silicon isotope exchange fractionation. - 3.2 Kinetic fractionation of silicon isotopes. - 4 Distribution of silicon isotopes in nature. - 4.1 Silicon isotope compositions of extraterrestrial materials. - 4.2 Silicon isotope distribution in lithosphere. - 4.3 Silicon isotope compositions of soils. - 4.4 Hydrosphere. - 4.5 Biosphere. - 5 Several aspects of silicon isotope applications. - 5.1 Studies on global silicon cycle. - 5.2 Silicon isotope studies on environmental variation of ocean. - 5.3 Studies on mechanisms of absorption, transportation and precipitation of silicon in plant growth processes. - 5.4 Studies on silicon source and genesis of ore deposits. - References. - Index.