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1

Schriftenreihen ausleihbar

Prototype drill for core sampling fine-grained perennially frozen ground (1985)

Brockett, Bruce E. [VerfasserIn] ; Lawson, Daniel E. [VerfasserIn]

Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

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Signatur: ZSP-201-85/1

In: CRREL Report, 85-1

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: An expensive drill has been modified to provide researchers with the ability to auger an open hole or to acquire continuous, undisturbed 76-mm-diam core samples of a variety of perennially frozen materials that are suitable for chemical and petrographic analysis. It was developed by field testing in support of research from 1980 to 1983. Operation of the drill is based mainly on using a minimum of power to cut through frozen ground with tungsten carbide cutters on a CRREL coring auger. The ice content, temperature and grain size of the frozen sediments are important variables determining the sampling depth. Perennially frozen sediments with temperatures in the range of -0.5 C to -8.5 C have been continuously cored with this drill. Drilling and sampling are most efficiently conducted when ambient air temperatures are below freezing and the active layer is frozen. The self-contained lightweight drill is readily transportable off-road by helicopter or tracked vehicle, or by towing over roads. It is locally self-mobile by use of a winch. Total cost of the drill and modifications is estimated at approximately $10,000.

Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar

Seiten: v, 34 Seiten , Illustrationen

Serie: CRREL Report 85-1

URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA152388

URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9352

Sprache: Englisch

Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background on development Drill development and configuration Equipment Modifications Operations Assembly and disassembly Field transport and movement Typical operating procedures Effect of material properties, weather and water Depth and hole completion time Summary Literature cited

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2

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Effect of nonuniform size on internal stresses in a rapid, simple shear flow of granular materials : Part 2. Multiple grain sizes (1985)

Shen, Hayley H. [VerfasserIn]

Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

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Signatur: ZSP-201-85/3

In: CRREL Report, 85-3

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: In the past all theoretical analyses for rapidly sheared granular flows assumed that the granular solids are either disks or spheres and are uniform in size. However, natural materials that create these granular flows are in general irregular in shape and have various spectra of sizes. The stress and rate of energy dissipation levels in granular flows are significantly influenced by the size distribution. In part 1 of this report series (AD-A154 045), the formulation of the constitutive equations considering a two-size granular mixture is presented, where the ratio of the two sizes is nearly one. In part 2, the constitutive equations for a two-size mixture are extended to include a general size ratio. In addition, a complete spectrum of size distribution is incorporated, which allows the quantification of the size distribution effect in the most general way. In analyzing the stresses, intergranular collision is assumed to be the major dynamic activity at the microscopic level. Because of the present limited knowledge of testing shape effects, the analysis is confined to the flow of either disks or spheres. The result of this work provides necessary information for a more realistic analysis of natural and industrial granular flow. Keywords: Granular flow, and Particle size distribution.

Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar

Seiten: vi, 29 Seiten , Illustrationen

Serie: CRREL Report 85-3

URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA154046

URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9350

Sprache: Englisch

Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Constitutive equations for a two-size mixture Limiting case of the two-size mixture Complete spectrum analysis for spheres and disks Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Derivation of collision frequency between neighboring spheres that follow the mean shear flow without fluctuations

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3

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Level ice breaking by a simple wedge (1985)

Tatinclaux, Jean-Claude [VerfasserIn]

Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

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Signatur: ZSP-201-85/22

In: CRREL Report, 85-22

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Tests in level ice on an idealized icebreaker bow in the shape of a simple wedge were conducted in the test basin. The horizontal and vertical forces on the wedge were measured, and floe size distribution in the wake of the wedge was observed. From the force measurements, the ice wedge/hull friction factor was calculated and found to be in general agreement with the friction factor measured in separate friction tests. The ice floe length and ice floe area measured in the current study were found to follow log-normal probability distributions defined by the length average L and area average A and corresponding standard deviations SL and SA. The results of these tests and other tests conducted at another facility showed that the ratios A/h2 and L/h (A =average floe area, L averagefloe length, h = ice thickness) were, for the same type of model ice, directly proportional to the parameter y/-yh. (a = ice bending strength, tj7= specific weight of water) and a/y, respectively, and independent of the velocity and ice strain modulus or ice characteristic* length. However, the coefficients of proportionality appear to depend upon the type of model ice used in the tests. The ratios Si/A were independent of o/yh but varied with the bow shape and the type of ice. The available field data are not sufficient for meaningful comparison with the laboratory results.

Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar

Seiten: iv, 53 Seiten , Illustrationen

Serie: CRREL Report 85-22

URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a166629.pdf

URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9443

Sprache: Englisch

Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Experimental set-up and conditions Results of wedge resistance measurements Results of floe size measurements Statistical analysis of data Comparison between model and full-scale data Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: Wedge tests-floe size measurements Appendix B: Wedge tests-histograms of floe length and floe area Appendix C: Cumulative frequency distributions for floe length and floe area

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4

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Numerical modeling of sea ice dynamics and ice thickness characteristics : a final report (1985)

Hibler, William D., III [VerfasserIn]

Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

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Signatur: ZSP-201-85/5

In: CRREL Report, 85-5

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: A dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model is extended to include a full thermodynamic code and a complete multilevel ice thickness distribution. The variable thickness formulation includes a more realistic parameterization of ice ridging than used in previous models. Seasonal simulations have been performed using this model and the results have been analyzed with particular emphasis on examination of the ridge buildup results off the Canadian Archipelago and off the North Slope. This report presents a complete description of this model and discusses progress made on examining and testing the variable thickness extensions.

Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar

Seiten: vi, 60 Seiten , Illustrationen

Serie: CRREL Report 85-5

URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a154600.pdf

URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9354

Sprache: Englisch

Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Description of the model Ice thickness equations Heat budget and oceanic boundary layer Analytic examination of the ridge redistribution process Theoretical framework Some specific redistributors Comparison to ridge morphological data Ice strength for different redistributors Numerical simulation results Basin-wide ice thickness and velocity characteristics Ice edge evolution and sensitivity Ice thickness characteristics off the Canadian Archipelago Comparison of observed and simulated ice drift Mass balance characteristics Concluding remarks Literature cited Appendix A: Mechanical redistributor Appendix B: Heat budget code Appendix C: Thickness finite difference code

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5

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Thermal convection in snow (1985)

Powers, Daniel J. [VerfasserIn] ; Colbeck, Samuel C. [VerfasserIn] ; O'Neill, Kevin [VerfasserIn]

Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

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Signatur: ZSP-201-85/9

In: CRREL Report, 85-9

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Large temperature gradients applied to a snow cover drive water vapor upwards and result in rapid recrystallization of snow crystals. The same temperature gradients create gradients of air density that can cause flows of air through the snow cover. The formalism necessary to describe these flows I developed heroin an effort to include the convection of vapor in the understanding of snow metamorphism. The theory of convection through porous media is extended here to include the transport of water vapor, which is important because of its latent heat. Results are presented in terms of a Lewis number, defined as the ratio of thermal to mass diffusivities. For Lewis numbers greater than 1.0 phase change intensifies convection, and for Lewis numbers less than 1.0 phase change retards convection. Two boundary conditions of special interest in the study of snow, a constant heat flux bottom and a permeable top are investigated. Their influence on the transfer of heat is quantified, and it is found that heat transfer can be described as a linear function of the driving force for convection. Convection in sloped layers is quantified, and explained in a physically consistent manner. The effect of a permeable top on convection at low Rayleigh numbers is derived. Experiments are performed to measure the effects of convection on heat transfer through glass beads and snow. The model results using constant flux boundary conditions are confirmed by the experiments. Experiments show that convection can occur in snow, and that convection behaves in a manner consistent with our theoretical understanding of the phenomenon. Some uncertainty exists about the permeability and thermal conductivity of snow and hence it is uncertain if thermal convection would occur for a given temperature gradient, density and thickness. Also, for a given convective intensity, there is much uncertainty about how much the rate of snow metamorphism is increased.

Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar

Seiten: vi, 70 Seiten , Illustrationen

Serie: CRREL Report 85-9

URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a157577.pdf

URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9395

Sprache: Englisch

Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Snow metamorphism Mass transfer by diffusion in snow Heat transfer Background-porous media Structure of thermal convection Rayleigh number Onset problem Heat transfer attributable to thermal convection Layering and slope effects Studies of convection through snow Modeling Equation of motion Energy equation Finite difference methods Numerical solution Verification of the model Modeling results Effects of constant flux and permeable boundaries on convection in horizontal layers Effects of phase change on convection Convection in sloped layers Experiments Introduction Experimental apparatus Experimental results and discussion Glass beads Snow Applications and conclusions Onset of Benard convection in seasonal snow covers Applications to snow metamorphism Summary Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: Derivation of fmite difference formulae Appendix B: Computer programs Appendix C: Sample calculations

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6

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Review of methods for generating synthetic seismograms (1985)

Peck, Lindamae [VerfasserIn]

Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

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Signatur: ZSP-201-85/10

In: CRREL Report, 85-10

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Various methods of generating synthetic seismograms are reviewed and examples of recent applicatiors of the methods are cited. Body waves, surface waves, and normal modes are considered. The analytical methods reviewed include geometric ray theory, generalized ray theory (Cagniard-de Hoop method), asymptotic ray theory, reflectivity method, fullwave theory, and hybrid methods combining ray theory and mode theory. Two numerical methods, those of finite differences and finite elements, and a hybrid method combining finite differences with asymptotic ray theory are described Limitations on the application or validity of the various methods are stated.

Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar

Seiten: v, 48 Seiten , Illustrationen

Serie: CRREL Report 85-10

URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a159128.pdf

URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9398

Sprache: Englisch

Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Section 1. Introduction Section 2. Wave propagation in the earth Section 3. Body waves: ray theory and wave theory Geometric ray theory Wave theory Section 4. Surface waves Section 5. Normal modes Section 6. Finite-difference method Section 7. Finite-element method Section 8. Hybrid methods Section 9. Conclusion Literature cited

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7

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TNT, RDX and HMX explosives in soils and sediments : analysis techniques and drying losses (1985)

Cragin, James H. [VerfasserIn] ; Leggett, Daniel C. [VerfasserIn] ; Foley, B. T. [VerfasserIn] ; [weitere]

Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

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Signatur: ZSP-201-85/15

In: CRREL Report, 85-15

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: A method for the analysis of TNT, RDX and HMX explosives in soils and sediments has been developed. It consists of methanol extraction followed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography using 10% acetonitrile/40% methanol/50% water as the eluant. This method was used to study the effect of various drying techniques upon the recovery of TNT, RDX, and HMX from soil and sediment samples contaminated with high (%) and low (micron g/g) levels of these explosives. For highly contaminated samples, complete recovery of TNT and RDX was obtained using freeze drying while air drying at room temperature resulted in greater than 90% recovery for both explosives. Other techniques, such as oven drying at 105 C, oven drying at 45 C, microwave oven drying, and drying under infrared lamps, all resulted in greater losses, with TNT and RDX recoveries ranging from 76 to 90%. Drying losses were not due to simple volatilization containing low levels of TNT, RDX and HMX, recoveries of all three explosives were quantitative for all the above drying techniques.

Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar

Seiten: iii, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen

Serie: CRREL Report 85-15

URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA163278

URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9417

Sprache: Englisch

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8

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Field tests of the kinetic friction coefficient of sea ice (1985)

Tatinclaux, Jean-Claude [VerfasserIn] ; Murdey, David [VerfasserIn]

Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

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Signatur: ZSP-201-85/17

In: CRREL Report, 85-17

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This report presents the results of tests of the ice friction coefficient carried out during the May 1984 expedition of the F.S. Polarstern off the coast of Labrador. The test surfaces were Inerta-160-coated steel plates and bare steel plates, hand roughened and sandblasted. The main findings of the studies were: 1) columnar and granularpea ice showed no significant differences in friction coefficient; 2) for columnar ice was independent of ice crystal orientation with respect to test surface; 3) was Independent of normal pressure applied on ice sample; 4) initially decreased with increasing relative velocity between the Ice sample and the test surface and reached a steady value at higher speeds; 5) Uk increased with increasing surface roughness; 6) a wetting surface exhibited a higher friction coefficient than a non-wetting surface of the same or even higher roughness average.

Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar

Seiten: iv, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen

Serie: CRREL Report 85-17

URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a163170.pdf

URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9413

Sprache: Englisch

Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test procedure Test apparatus Test surfaces Ice samples Test program Results and discussion Effect of wear of ice sample Effect of normal pressure Effect of velocity, crystal orientation and surface conditions Results summary Comparison with laboratory study Recommendations on test apparatus Literature cited Appendix A : Test results

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9

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Mechanical properties of multi-year sea ice : phase II: test results (1985)

Cox, Gordon F. N. [VerfasserIn] ; Richter-Menge, Jacqueline A. [VerfasserIn] ; Weeks, Wilford F. [VerfasserIn] ; [weitere]

Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

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Signatur: ZSP-201-85/16

In: CRREL Report, 85-16

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This report presents the results of the second phase of a test program designed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical properties of multi-year sea ice from the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. In Phase 2, 62 constant-strain-rate uniaxial compression tests were performed on horizontal and vertical ice samples from multi-year pressure ridges to examine the effect of sample orientation on ice strength. Also conducted were 36 constant-strain-rate tension tests, 55 conventional triaxial tests and 35 constant-load compression tests on multi-year pressure ridge samples to provide data for developing ice yield criteria and constitutive laws. Data are presented on the strength, failure strain and modulus of multi-year sea ice under different loading conditions. The effects of ice temperature, porosity, structure, strain rate, confining pressure and sample orientation on the mechanical properties of multi-year sea ice are examined.

Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar

Seiten: vi, 89 Seiten , Illustrationen

Serie: CRREL Report 85-16

URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a166333.pdf

URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9414

Sprache: Englisch

Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Field sampling program Site selection and description Coring procedures Core logging procedures Shipping and storage of ice samples Ice description Salinity and density Structure Constant-strain-rate compression tests Test variables Uniaxial compressive strength Strength and structure Strength and porosity Residual compressive strength Failure strain Initial tangent modulus Constant-strain-rate uniaxial tension tests Test variables Uniaxial tensile strength Failure strains Initial tangent modulus Constant-strain-rate triaxial tests Equipment Test variables Synthane end caps Triaxial strength Failure strains Initial tangent modulus Effect of sinthane end caps on results Constant-load compression tests Test variables Test results Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Ice structure profile of ridge C core Appendix H: Test data Appendix C: Static determination of Young's modulus in sea ice

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10

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Sorption of military explosive contaminants on bentonite drilling muds (1985)

Leggett, Daniel C. [VerfasserIn]

Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

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Signatur: ZSP-201-85/18

In: CRREL Report, 85-18

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Concern over the environmental fate of explosives has brought about the development of sensitive analytical methods for measuring them in groundwater. In turn this concern has been extended to validating the sampling procedures for groundwater. This report addresses the potential effects of residual drilling muds on the analysis for explosive contaminants (TNT, DNT, RDX, and HMX) in monitoring wells. The approach was to determine sorption isotherms for each contaminant. Sorption appeared to be independent of solids concentration. Linear isotherms were obtained for RDX and HMX over a range of analytic concentrations; therefore, a single constant can be used to estimate the amount sorbed when the solution concentration is known. Isotherms for TNT and DNT were not linear, however. Scatchard analysis suggested that the isotherms for these analytes could be resolved into two predominant components: a linear component above a certain sorbed quantity and a Langmuir-type component below this quantity. The experimental data were fitted by regression analysis using the appropriate model. The equations developed can be used to predict the sorbed fraction (analytical bias) for any combination of solids and analyte concentration. The amounts of bentonite found in some existing wells do not appear to be sufficient to cause significant bias in analyses for these explosive contaminants.

Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar

Seiten: iv, 40 Seiten , Illustrationen

Serie: CRREL Report 85-18

URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA163231

URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9305

Sprache: Englisch

Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Materials and methods Bentonite and water samples Sorbate solutions Sorption isotherms HPLC analysis Analyte standards Water solubilities Octanol-water partition coefficients Sorption isotherms Freundlich Langmuir BET Scatchard Gibbs Linear Polynomial Results and discussion TNT DNT RDX and HMX Effect of drilling muds on analysis SEM and EDXA analysis of bentonite wells Other studies Summary Literature cited Appendix A : Results for TNT Appendix B: Results for DNT Appendix C: Results for RDX Appendix D : Results for HMX Appendix E: Characteristics of Quik-Gel, Aqua-Gel and well water

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11

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A literature review on decontaminating groundwater sampling devices : organic pollutants (1995)

Parker, Louise V. [VerfasserIn]

Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

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Signatur: ZSP-201-95/14

In: CRREL Report, 95-14

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Current protocols for decontaminating devices used to sample groundwater for organic contaminants are reviewed. Most of the methods given by regulatory agencies provide little scientific evidence that justify the recommended protocols. In addition, only a few studies that actually compared various decontamination protocols could be found in the open literature, and those studies were limited in their scope. Various approaches for decontamination and criteria that are important in determining how effectively a surface could be decontaminated are discussed.

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Seiten: iii, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen

Serie: CRREL Report 95-14

URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6067

URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9194

Sprache: Englisch

Anmerkung: CONTENTS Preface Introduction Sorption and desorption of organic contaminants Decontamination methods Aqueous cleaning methods Cleaning or rinsing with organic solvents Chemical neutralization methods Current protocols to decontaminate groundwater sampling devices Variations in methodology Special instructions for cleaning pumps Effectiveness of various decontamination methods Low-temperature considerations Conclusions Literature cited

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12

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Sealants and cold regions pavement seals : a review (1995)

Ketcham, Stephen A. [VerfasserIn]

Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

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Signatur: ZSP-201-95/11

In: CRREL Report, 95-11

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: A pavement joint seal prevents the passage of liquids into the pavement base and the intrusion of solids into the joint. The primary mechanical requirements of a pavement seal are that it respond elastically or viscoelastically to any movement of the joint without failure and that it withstand indentation of hard objects like rocks. Because pavement joint movements and seal deformations can be large, elastomeric sealants are often used to form seals. Winter conditions are recognized as the most critical for a seal because of the possibility that failure stresses will be reached as the joint opens to a maximum and the material stiffens in response to the temperature reduction. This report reviews the specific problems and requirements that cold climates create for the performance of elastomeric seals. Emphasis is placed on the material response behavior that can lead to failure of a seal. In an attempt to clarity the mechanics of sealant and seal performance associated with low-temperature pavement applications and to address the issue of low-temperature stiffening That should be a dominant factor in the selection of a sealant, this report presents background information on the formulation and mechanical properties of elastomeric seal materials and the structural behavior of field-molded joint and crack seals.

Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar

Seiten: iv, 20 Seiten , Illustrationen

Serie: CRREL Report 95-11

URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA297360

URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9185

Sprache: Englisch

Anmerkung: CONTENTS Page Preface Introduction Elastomers and sealant formulations Mechanical behavior of sealants Phenomenological behavior of rubbers and elastomers Hyperelastic constitutive model Examples of sealant behavior Mechanical response of seals Basic structural geometry and loading configurations of seals Conventional performance testing for studying the load and deformation response of joint and crack seals Response of seals to joint movements Summary and recommendations Literature cited Abstract

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13

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Motion resistance of wheeled vehicles in snow (1995)

Richmond, Paul W. [VerfasserIn]

Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

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Signatur: ZSP-201-95/7

In: CRREL Report, 95-7

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Before vehicle mobility in snow can be reliably predicted, a complete understanding of motion resistance in snow is required. This report examines several aspects of wheeled vehicle motion resistance using results obtained with the CRREL instrumented vehicle. Resistances of leading and trailing tires are examined. Limited data are presented for undercarriage drag, and third and fourth wheel passes in the same rut are initially analyzed, as is how snow deforms around a wheel. For the CRREL instrumented vehicle, a trailing tire has a resistance coefficient of about 0.017 for snow depths less than about 22cm. For deeper snow, the disruption of the snowpack caused by a preceding wheel causes snow to fall into the rut, resulting in higher trailing tire coefficients. For larger vehicles, which in some cases have trailing tires carrying larger loads than preceding tires, the trailing tire coefficients are on the order of 0.048 and 0.025 for second and third trailing wheels respectively. Since there are no trailing tire data available for these larger vehicles, these values are based on nonlinear regression analysis, which includes a prediction of the leading tire resistance. The results and observations of this study are applied in a reanalysis of the towed resistance data obtained during the U.S. Army's Wheels vs. Tracks study. An improved algorithm is presented for predicting wheeled vehicle motion resistance caused by snow.

Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar

Seiten: v, 39 Seiten , Illustrationen

Serie: CRREL Report 95-7

URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA294675

URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9271

Sprache: Englisch

Anmerkung: CONTENTS Page Preface Nomenclature Introduction Experimental procedure Results and analysis Leading tire resistance Trailing tire resistance Deep snow Undercarriage drag Multiple passes Shallow snow resistance model Summary Literature cited Appendix A: Snow data Appendix B: Observations of snow deformation by a wheel Appendix C: Wheeled vehicle motion resistance data Abstract

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Cold regions mobility models (1995)

Richmond, Paul W. [VerfasserIn] ; Shoop, Sally A. [VerfasserIn] ; Blaisdell, George L. [VerfasserIn]

Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

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Signatur: ZSP-201-95/1

In: CRREL Report, 95-1

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This report annotates the cold regions mobility prediction routines included in the CAMMS/ALBE mobility models. It further explains the development of the algorithms that are used in these models to describe the interaction of a vehicle with terrain that has been affected by cold weather. The following terrain conditions are discussed: undisturbed snow (shallow and deep); disturbed snow (moderately trafficked and hard packed); ice; and thawing soils. Several combinations of substrates are also considered. A stand-alone computer model is included.

Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar

Seiten: v, 72 Seiten , Illustrationen

Serie: CRREL Report 95-1

URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA293728

URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9179

Sprache: Englisch

Anmerkung: CONTENTS Page Preface Nomenclature Introduction Background Shallow snow Undisturbed snow on a firm substrate Undisturbed snow on a soft substrate Undisturbed snow over ice Disturbed, processed and packed snow Deep snow Ice Freezing or thawing ground conditions Bearing capacity of freezing ground Effect of thawing conditions on vehicle performance Speed made good Internal motion resistance Slopes Summary and recornmendations Literature cited Appendix A: Cold Regions Mobility Model CRM-1.F Appendix B: FORTRAN code using NRMM/CAMMS variables and format Appendix C: Traction coefficients on packed snow Appendix D: NRMM checkout data Abstract

Standort: AWI Archiv

Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek

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