ALBERT

Note: Contents Acknowledgements Executive Summary with Key Findings and Recommendations Current State of the Art Key Scientific Challenges and Recommendations Major New Synthesis Initiative Required Implementation of Arctic-CHAMP Policy Implications Summary 1. Introduction Rationale for Pan-Arctic Hydrologic Synthesis Report Framework 2. A Strategy for Detecting and Understanding Arctic Hydrological Change: Arctic-CHAMP Arctic-CHAMP Basic Long-Term Monitoring Arctic-CHAMP Field-Based Process Studies Arctic-CHAMP Synthesis Modeling Execution of Arctic-CHAMP 3. Role and Importance of Water in the Arctic System The Integrated Water Cycle of the Pan-Arctic Land Atmosphere Ocean Importance of Arctic Hydrology to the Arctic System Importance of the Arctic to the Earth System 4. Unprecedented Change to Arctic Hydrological Systems Changes to the Land-Based Hydrologic Cycle Changes to the Atmosphere The Changing Arctic Ocean and its Regional Seas 5. Impacts and Feedbacks Associated with Arctic Hydrological Change Direct Impacts on Ecosystems Arctic Water Cycle Change and Humans Land-Atmosphere-Ocean Feedbacks Land-Atmosphere-Ocean-Human Feedbacks 6. Implementation of Arctic-CHAMP References Appendix 1. NSF-ARCSS Arctic Hydrology Workshop Participants Appendix 2. Current Gaps in Understanding the Pan-Arctic Hydrological Cycle Appendix 3. Integration of Arctic-CHAMP with NSF and Other Federal Agency Initiatives Appendix 4. International Collaborations

Note: Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:1993-

Note: Contents: Preface. - Family Berberidaceae. - Family Menispermaceae. - Family Papaveraceae. - Family Hypecoaceae. - Family Fumariaceae. - Family Brassicaceae, or Cruciferae: Key to Genera. - Genera Macropodium R.Br.--Gorodkovia Botsch. et Karav. - Genera Erysimum L.--Goldbachia DC. - Genera Hesperis L.--Neuroloma Andrz. - Genera Strigosella Boiss.--Microstigma Trautv. - Genera Dontostemon Andrz. ex C.A. Meyer--Dimorphostemon Kitag. - Genera Chorispora R.Br. ex DC.--Galitzkya V. Boczantzeva. - Genera Alyssum L.--Ptilotrichum C.A. Meyer. - Genus Lesquerella S. Watson. - Genera Draba L.--Subularia L. - Family Droseraceae. - Family Crassulaceae. - Family Saxifragaceae. - Family Parnassiaceae. - Family Grossulariaceae. - Maps of Plant Distribution. - Index of Latin Names of Plants.

Note: CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 1.1 Boundaries of the Arctic 1.2 Main Geographical Factors Shaping the Climate 2. Atmospheric Circulation 2.1 Development of Views on Atmospheric Circulation in the Arctic 2.2 Large-scale Atmospheric Circulation 2.3 Synoptic-scale Circulation 2.4 Winds 2.5 Local Circulation and Mesoscale Disturbances 3. Radiation Conditions 3.1 Sunshine Duration 3.2 Global Solar Radiation 3.3 Short-wave Net Radiation 3.4 Long-wave Net Radiation 3.5 Net Radiation and Other Elements of the Heat Balance 4. Air Temperature 4.1 Mean Monthly, Seasonal, and Annual Air Temperature 4.2 Mean and Absolute Extreme Air Temperatures 4.3 Temperature Inversions 5. Cloudiness 5.1 The Annual Cycle 5.2 Spatial Patterns 5.3 Fog 6. Air Humidity 6.1 Water Vapour Pressure 6.2 Relative Humidity 7. Atmospheric Precipitation and Snow Cover 7.1 Atmospheric Precipitation 7.2 Number of Days with Precipitation 7.3 Snow Cover 8. Air Pollution 9. Climatic Regions 9.1 The Atlantic Region 9.2 The Siberian Region 9.3 The Pacific Region 9.4 The Canadian Region 9.5 The Baffin Bay Region 9.6 The Greenland Region 9.7 The Interior Arctic Region 10. Climatic Change and Variability in the Holocene 10.1 Period 10-11 ka-l ka BP 10.2 Period 1 ka-O.l ka BP 10.3 Period 0.1 ka-Present 11. Scenarios of the Arctic Climate in the 21st Century 11.1 Model Simulations of the Present-day Arctic Climate 11.2 Scenarios of the Arctic Climate in the 21st Century References Copyright Acknowledgements Index

Note: Section 1. Weather rankings -- Section 2. Major storm events -- Section 3. State chapters -- Section 4. Appendices.

Note: Science as the open society and its ideological deformations -- Role of scale in the scope of scientific governance -- Historical interdependence of the university and knowledge production -- Multiculturalism's challenge to academic integrity: or a tale of two churches -- University as capitalism's final frontier: or the fading hope for enlightenment in a complex world -- Sociology as both sanctifier and secularizer of science -- Road not taken: revisiting the original New Deal -- Elements for a new constitution of science..

Note: 1. Legends of unusual phenomena before earthquakeswisdom or superstition? -- 2. Precursors before recent earthquakes -- Kobe, Izmit, Taiwan and India -- 3. Earth sciences and electromagnetism -- 4. Unusual animal behavior : I -- what do they detect? -- electric field effects -- 5. Unusual animal behavior : II -- rock compression and increased animal activity -- 6. Unusual plant responses before earthquakes -- 7. Atmospheric precursors -- earthquake light, clouds, sun, moon, stars and rainbows -- 8. Precursor phenomena -- on land, sea and elsewhere -- 9. Mysteries before earthquakes : the behavior of electric appliances -- 10. Forecasting using animal monitoring -- 11. Monitoring seismo-electromagnetic signals (SEMS) -- a general survey -- 12. Summary..

Note: The Economic-Legal System and the Role of Property Rights: An Introduction ; 1 Foundation Stones: Politically-Based Versus Judge-Made Law ; Efficiency ; Two Basic Propositions ; Two Major Theorems on Property Rights ; 2 Society's Machinery: Coordination and Constitutions ; Markets and Firms ; Political Processes ; 3 Property, Breach of Contract, Tort, Crime: Formalized Property Rights ; Injunctions ; Damages or Punishment? ; Negligence: The Simplest Case ; Joint Responsibility ; Intent, Strict Liability, Insurance ; The Stringency of Sanctions ; The Behavior of Disputant Parties and Courts ; 4 Contracts, Companies, Regulation: Contracts: Problems and Solutions ; The Contractual and Legal Structure of Firms ; Limits of Freedom of Contract ; 5 Epilogue: Conclusions and Final Comments

Note: Table of Contents: SESSION 1: EVIDENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE. - Simulation of the Arctic in Global Climate Models / John E. Walsh. - Model assessment of observed contemporary trends in Arctic Climate / Konstantin Y. Vinnikov, Alan Robock, David A. Robinson, Richard L. Armstrong, Ronald J. Stouffer, Thomas L. Delworth, Anthony J. Broccoli, Keith W. Dixon. - Sea ice motion in response to the Arctic Oscillation / Ignatius G. Rigor, John M. Wallace, Roger L. Colony. - Arctic temperature change from long instrumental and paleoclimatic records / P. D. Jones. - Sea ice thinning in the Nansen basin and Greenland Sea / Peter Wadhams. - How anaomalous is the current state of the Arctic? / Ernst Augstein and Rüdiger Gerdes. - Warming of the Arctic in 1920s-1930s and 1980s-1990s / Genrikh V. Alekseev, Victor F. Zakharov, Roger L. Colony, Mark A. Johnson. - Variations in surface air temperature over the Arctic Ocean / Ignatius G. Rigor, Roger L. Colony, John M. Wallace and Seelye Martin. - Seasonal and regional perspectives of Arctic Sea Ice Oscillation: wavelet analysis / Jia Wang and Moto Ikeda. - Observations of ice sheet mass balance and climate change / J. Jay Zwally. - European contributions for Summit Greenland Environment Observatory / Atsumu Ohmura. - Features of seasonal and interannual variability of the water circulation and sea level of the Arctic Ocean / Vladimir K. Pavlov. - SESSION 2: PALEOCLIMATIC RECONSTRUCTIONS. - Climate surprises: lessons from tropical ice cores / Lonnie G. Thompson. - Temporal and spatial nature of change in the circum-polar Arctic / Roy M. Koerner, Bea T. Alt. - Greenland ice core contributions to PARCA (Program for Arctic Regional Climate Assessment) with emphasis on reconstructing annual accumulation histories / Ellen Mosley-Thompson and PARCA Collaborators. - Climatic and environmental histories for the last two centuries from Arctic ice cores / Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Roy M. Koerner, David A. Fisher, Okitsugu Watanabe. - A coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM experiment for 6 kyr BP and 21 kyr BP / Akio Kitoh, Shigenori Murakami. - Concentration variations of atmospheric methane over the past 340 kyrs deduced from Dome Fuji ice core / T. Nakazawa, S. Aoki, K. Kawamura and O. Watanabe. - Physical properties of Dome Fuji ice cores and paleoenvironmental reconstruction / T. Hondoh, H. Narita, A. Hori, T. Ikeda-Fukazawa, S. Mae, S. Fujita, H. Fukazawa, T. Fukumura, H. Shoji, T. Kameda, A. Miyamoto, N. Azuma, Y. Wong, K. Kawada, O. Watanabe, H. Motoyama. - Variations in the oceanographic environment during last 120 kyr in the Sea of Okhotsk / Takeshi Nakatsuka & the Okhotsk Sediment Core Analyses Group. - SESSION 3: PROCESSES, INTERACTIONS AND FEEDBACKS. - Sea surface temperatures off the East coast of Japan at the last glacial maximum inferred from oxygen isotope of foraminiferal tests / T. Oba. - Hydrologic response and feedbacks to a warmer climate in Arctic regions / Larry D. Hinzman, Kenji Yoshikawa, Douglas L. Kane. - Variability and trends in the hydro-climatology of the major Eurasian Arctic drainages / Mark C. Serreze, Martyn P. Clark, Andrew J. Etringer, David H. Bromwich. - Factors that determine when the seasonal snowmelt occurs in Northern Alaska / Robert S. Stone. - On the role of Siberia in global change / Kunihiko Kodera. - A study of Arctic oscillation induced by a positive feedback between the polar vortex and baroclinic instability / H. L. Tanaka and Hiroki Tokinaga. - A climatology of small-scale disturbances in the polar stratosphere / Kaoru Sato, Motoyoshi Yoshiki and Masaaki Takahashi. - Impacts of winter warming event on the cryosphere in the polar regions / Hiroyuki Enomoto. - Climatic impact of the Arctic aerosols ased on ASTAR 2000 (Arctic study of Tropospheric Aerosol and Radiation) field campaign / Takashi Yamanouchi and Andreas Herber. - Preliminary observational results of international Okhotsk Sea study / Masaaki Wakatsuchi. - Ice albedo feedback effect on sea ice / ocean coupled system in the Antarctic / Kay I. Ohshima and Sohey Nihashi. - Land surface processes in the tundra region of Eastern Siberia / Tetsuo Ohata, Yuji Kodama and Yoshiyuki Ishii. - Influence of the Aleutian/Icelandic low seesaw upon the seasonality of the variability in the Northern Hemisphere / Hisashi Nakamura and Meiji Honda. - SESSION 4: CLIMATE MODELING. - Arctic climate variability in the 20th century / Andrey Proshutinsky. - A sensitivity study of the Arctic climate on the basis of regional and global climate model simulations / K. Dethloff, A. Rinke, T. Kandlbinder, W. Dorn, M. Fortmann, D. Handorf, A. Weisheimer, A. H. Lynch, J. H. Christensen, M. Botzet. - Simulation of climate change in the 20th century / Thomas L. Delworth and Thomas R. Knutson. - GCM Simulations of polar climate variability and change / Vladimir M. Kattsov. - Arctic Alaska climate simulations using the regional atmospheric modeling system / Glen E. Liston, Joseph P. McFadden, Roger A. Pielke, Sr. - Role of North Pacific sea ice in climate variability of the NCAR climate model / Uma S. Bhatt, Srpa Häkkinen, Jack S. Miller. - Intercomparison study of Arctic oscillation (AO) and AO-like climate change simulated by various coupled general circulation models / Akira Noda, Kazuki Yamaguchi. - SESSION 5: CONSEQUENCES AND IMPACTS OF CHANGE. - Impacts of climate change in the Arctic / Gunter Weller. - The changes of permafrost induced by greenhouse warming: a numerical study applying multiple-layer ground model / Kazuki Yamaguchi, Akira Noda, Akio Kitoh. - The Northern Sea route and the perspective / H. Kitagawa. - POSTER SESSION. - Evolution of glaciation on the Novaya Zemlya archipelago during global warmings / M. D. Ananicheva, N. V. Davidovich. - Radar echo characteristics at Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen Island and Arctic storms over the Norwegian Sea / Yoshio Asuma, Nao Ogitani, Makoto Wada. - Projections of the anthropogenic air surface temperature variations onto the modes of internal climate variability / Roman V. Bekryaev. - Under-ice melt pools as an acceleration factor of Arctic sea ice melting / Pyotr V. Bogorodsky. - The coastal erosion as a significant source of the particulate matter into the Arctic shelf / Oleg V. Dudarev, Igor P. Semiletov, Anatoly I. Botsul, Igor V. Utkin, Vladimir V. Anikiev, Georgy M. Kolesov, Dmitry Yu. Sapozhnikov. - Relationships between Arctic circulation anomaly and mid-latitude transient eddy activity during NH Winter / Masamitsu Hayasaki, H. L. Tanaka. - Abrupt changes in meteorological conditions observed at an inland Antarctic Station in association with wintertime blocking / Naohiko Hirasawa, Hisashi Nakamura, Takashi Yamanouchi. - Seasonal dependence and life cycle of the interannual seesaw between the Aleutian and Icelandic lows / Meiji Honda, Hisashi Nakamura, Jinro Ukita. - Atmospheric control over the interannual variability of the Eurasian continent surface conditions / Masatake E. Hori, Tetsuzo Yasunari. - Hydrological simulation of the Lena River basin, Siberia / Xieyao Ma, Yoshihiro Fukushima, Tetsuo Ohata. - Measurements of carbon dioxide and methane fluxes over an Arctic coastal Tundra ecosystem in 2000 growing season / M. Mano, Y. Harazono, A. Miyata, R. C. Zulueta, W. C. Oechel. - Acoustic measure of climate change in the Arctic Ocean / Peter N. Mikhalevsky, Alexander N. Gavrilov. - Variability of water properties along the Barrow Canyon and the shelf-break of the Beaufort Sea observed from the R/V Mirai MR99-K05 and MR00-K06 cruises / Shigeto Nishino, Chikashi Kobayashi, Takashi Kikuchi, Koji Shimada, Takatoshi Takizawa. - Estimate of the predictability of the atmosphere in the Arctic / Daisuke Nohara, H. L. Tanaka. - Does the fresh water supply from the Amur River flowing into the Sea of Okhotsk affect sea ice formation? / Masayo Ogi, Yoshihiro Tachibana, Michael A. Danchenkov, Koji Yamazaki, Kensuke Takeuchi. - On the role of internal ice stress in mo

Note: Contents: Preface to the eighth edition. - Acknowledgements. - 1 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY. - A The atmosphere. - B Solar energy. - C Global circulation. - D Climatology. - E Mid-latitude disturbances. - F Tropical weather. - G Palaeoclimates. - H The global climate system. - 2 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION, MASS AND STRUCTURE. - A Composition of the atmosphere. - 1 Primary gases. - 2 Greenhouse gases. - 3 Reactive gas species. - 4 Aerosols. - 5 Variations with height. - 6 Variations with latitude and season. - 7 Variations with time. - B Mass of the atmosphere. - 1 Total pressure. - 2 Vapour pressure C The layering of the atmosphere. - 1 Troposphere. - 2 Stratosphere. - 3 Mesosphere. - 4 Thermosphere. - 5 Exosphere and magnetosphere. - 3 SOLAR RADIATION AND THE GLOBAL ENERGY BUDGET. - A Solar radiation. - 1 Solar output. - 2 Distance from the sun. - 3 Altitude of the sun. - 4 Length of day. - B Surface receipt of solar radiation and its effects. - 1 Energy transfer within the earth-atmosphere system. - 2 Effect of the atmosphere. - 3 Effect of cloud cover. - 4 Effect of latitude. - 5 Effect ofland and sea. - 6 Effect of elevation and aspect. - 7 Variation of free-air temperature with height. - C Terrestrial infra-red radiation and the greenhouse effect. - D Heat budget of the earth. - E Atmospheric energy and horizontal heat transport. - 1 The horizontal transport of heat. - 2 Spatial pattern of the heat budget components. - 4 ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE BUDGET. - A The global hydrological cycle. - B Humidity. - 1 Moisture content. - 2 Moisture transport. - C Evaporation. - D Condensation. - E Precipitation characteristics and measurement. - 1 Forms of precipitation. - 2 Precipitation characteristics. - a Rainfall intensity. - b Areal extent of a rainstorm. - c Frequency of rainstorms. - 3 The world pattern of precipitation. - 4 Regional variations in the altitudinal maximum of precipitation. - 5 Drought. - 5 ATMOSPHERIC INSTABILITY, CLOUD FORMATION AND PRECIPITATION PROCESSES. - A Adiabatic temperature changes. - B Condensation level. - C Air stability and instability. - D Cloud formation. - 1 Condensation nuclei. - 2 Cloud types. - 3 Global cloud cover. - E Formation of precipitation. - 1 Bergeron-Findeisen theory. - 2 Coalescence theories. - 3 Solid precipitation. - F Precipitation types. - 1 'Convective type' precipitation. - 2 'Cyclonic type' precipitation. - 3 Orographic precipitation. - G Thunderstorms. - 1 Development. - 2 Cloud electrification and lightning. - 6 ATMOSPHERIC MOTION: PRINCIPLES. - A Laws of horizontal motion. - 1 The pressure-gradient force. - 2 The earth's rotational deflective (Coriolis) force. - 3 The geostrophic wind. - 4 The centripetal acceleration. - 5 Frictional forces and the planetary boundary layer. - B Divergence, vertical motion and vorticity. - 1 Divergence. - 2 Vertical motion. - 3 Vorticity. - C Local winds. - 1 Mountain and valley winds. - 2 Land and sea breezes. - 3 Winds due to topographic barriers. - 7 PLANETARY-SCALE MOTIONS IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN. - A Variation of pressure and wind velocity with height. - 1 The vertical variation of pressure systems. - 2 Mean upper-air patterns. - 3 Upper wind conditions. - 4 Surface pressure conditions. - B The global wind belts. - 1 The trade winds. - 2 The equatorial westerlies. - 3 The mid-latitude (Ferrel) westerlies. - 4 The polar easterlies. - C The general circulation. - 1 Circulations in the vertical and horizontal planes. - 2 Variations in the circulation of the northern hemisphere. - a Zonal index variations. - b North Atlantic Oscillation. - D Ocean structure and circulation. - 1 Above the thermocline. - a Vertical. - b Horizontal. - 2 Deep ocean water interactions. - a Upwelling. - b Deep ocean circulation. - 3 The oceans and atmospheric regulation. - 8 NUMERICAL MODELS OF THE GENERAL CIRCULATION, CLIMATE AND WEATHER PREDICTION / T. N. Chase and R. G. Barry. - A Fundamentals of the GCM. - B Model simulations. - 1 GCMs. - 2 Simpler models. - 3 Regional models. - C Data sources for forecasting. - D Numerical weather prediction. - 1 Short- and medium-range forecasting. - 2 'Nowcasting'. - 3 Long-range outlooks. - 9 MID-LATITUDE SYNOPTIC AND MESOSCALE SYSTEMS. - A The airmass concept. - B Nature of the source area. - 1 Cold airmasses. - 2 Warm airmasses. - C Airmass modification. - 1 Mechanisms of modification. - a Thermodynamic changes. - b Dynamic changes. - 2 The results of modification: secondary airmasses. - a Cold air. - b Warm air. - 3 The age of the airmass. - D Frontogenesis. - 1 Frontal waves. - 2 The frontal-wave depression. - E Frontal characteristics. - 1 The warm front. - 2 The cold front. - 3 The occlusion. - 4 Frontal-wave families. - F Zones of wave development and frontogenesis. - G Surface/upper-air relationships and the formation of frontal cyclones. - H Non-frontal depressions. - 1 The lee cyclone. - 2 The thermal low. - 3 Polar air depressions. - 4 The cold low. - I Mesoscale convective systems. - 10 WEATHER AND CLIMATE IN MIDDLE AND HIGH LATITUDES. - A Europe. - 1 Pressure and wind conditions. - 2 Oceanicity and continentality. - 3 British airflow patterns and their climatic characteristics. - 4 Singularities and natural seasons. - 5 Synoptic anomalies. - 6 Topographic effects. - B North America. - 1 Pressure systems. - 2 The temperate west coast and Cordillera. - 3 Interior and eastern North America. - a Continental and oceanic influences. - b Warm and cold spells. - c Precipitation and the moisture balance. - C The subtropical margins. - 1 The semi-arid southwestern United States. - 2 The interior southeastern United States. - 3 The Mediterranean. - 4 North Africa. - 5 Australasia. - D High latitudes. - 1 The southern westerlies. - 2 The sub-Arctic. - 3 The polar regions. - a The Arctic. - b Antarctica. - 11 TROPICAL WEATHER AND CLIMATE. - A The intertropical convergence. - B Tropical disturbances. - 1 Wave disturbances. - 2 Cyclones. - a Hurricanes and typhoons. - b Other tropical disturbances. - 3 Tropical cloud clusters. - C The Asian monsoon. - 1 Winter. - 2 Spring. - 3 Early summer. - 4 Summer. - 5 Autumn. - D East Asian and Australian summer monsoons. - E Central and southern Africa. - 1 The African monsoon. - 2 Southern Africa. - F Amazonia. - G El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. - 1 The Pacific Ocean. - 2 Teleconnections. - H Other sources of climatic variations in the tropics. - 1 Cool ocean currents. - 2 Topographic effects. - 3 Diurnal variations. - I Forecasting tropical weather. - 1 Short- and extended-range forecasts. - 2 Long-range forecasts. - 12 BOUNDARY LAYER CLIMATES. - A Surface energy budgets. - B Non-vegetated natural surfaces. - 1 Rock and sand. - 2 Water. - 3 Snow and ice C Vegetated surfaces. - 1 Short green crops. - 2 Forests. - a Modification of energy transfers. - b Modification of airflow. - c Modification of the humidity environment. - d Modification of the thermal environment. - D Urban surfaces. - 1 Modification of atmospheric composition. - a Aerosols. - b Gases. - c Pollution distribution and impacts. - 2 Modification of the heat budget. - a Atmospheric composition. - b Urban surfaces. - c Human heat production. - d Heat islands. - 3 Modification of surface characteristics. - a Airflow. - b Moisture. - 4 Tropical urban climates. - 13 CLIMATE CHANGE. - A General considerations. - B Climate forcings and feedbacks. - 1 External forcing. - 2 Short-term forcing and feedback. - C The climatic record. - 1 The geological record. - 2 Late glacial and post-glacial conditions. - 3 The past 1000 years. - D Possible causes of recent climatic change. - 1 Circulation changes. - 2 Energy budgets. - 3 Anthropogenic factors. - E Model s

Note: Contents: Preface. - Abstracts (in the alphabetic order). - The natural environment and cryosphere of the Tatra Mountains by Bogdan Gądek. - IASC Working Group on Arctic Glaciology. - General programme.

Note: Contents: Polar sciences and global environmental changes / Byong-Kwon Park. - The sun earth connection: thermodynamics of the terrestrial atmosphere during geo-effective events / R. J. Niciejewski and Y.-I. Won. - Observations of atmospheric waves in the high-latitude / Y.-I. Won, R. J. Niciejewski, P. Espy, J.-K. Chung and Bang Yong Lee. - Malaysian Antarctic Research Program / Nasaruddin Rahman, Salleh Mohd Nor and Azizan Abu Samah. - Compositional variation in pyrochlore from the Sokoli Phoscorite-Carbonatite complex, Kola Peninsula, Arctic / Mi Jung Lee, C. Terry Williams, Jong Ik Lee, and Yeadong Kim. - U-Th-Pb electron microprobe datings on the Rayner complex, East Antarctica / Yoichi Motoyoshi, Tomokazu Hokada and Kazuyuki Shiraishi. - Geochemical variation during hydrothermal alteration of basaltic andesite at Barton Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica / Soon Do Hur, Jong Ik Lee and Jeong Hwang. - The paleocene-eocene volcanic succession in the Barton Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica: Lithofacies, eruption styles and depositional processes / Seung Bum Kim, Young Kwan Shon and Moon Young Choe. - Holocene paleoclimate in Antarctic Lake Langer (King George Island) / B. K. Khim, K. Lee, H. I. Yoon and C. Y. Kang. - Holocene paleoceanography and paleoclimate of the West Spitsbergen Area, Euro-Arctic margin / Morten Hald, Hanne Ebbesen, Matthias Forwick, Sergei Korsun, Tore O. Vorren, Liza Khomenko, and Fred Godtliebsen. - Origins and paleoceanographic significance of layered diatom ooze interval from the Bransfield Strait in the Northern Antarctic Peninsula around 2500 yrs BP / Ho Il Yoon, Byong-Kwon Park, Yeadong Kim, Cheon Yun kang and Sung-Ho Kang. - A record of holocene environmental changes in terrestrial sedimentary deposits on King George Island, Antarctica / A. Tatur, R. del Valle, A. Barczuk, J. Martinez-Macchiavello. - Geochemistry of soils of King George Island, South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica: Implications for pedogenesis in cold polar regions / Yong Il Lee, Hyoun Soo Lim, and Ho Il Yoon. - Seafloor structure around the epicenter of the Great Antarctic Plate earthquake / Yoshifumi Nogi and Kin-ichiro Koizumi. - Multidisciplinary surveys by 'structure and evolution of the East Antarctic Lithosphere': SEAL-2000, -2002 / M. Kanao, H. Miyamachi, S. Toda, H. Murakami, T. Tsutsui, T. Matsushima, M. Takada, A. Watanabe, M. Yamashita, K. Yoshii, K. Kaminuma, and SEAL Geotransect Group. - Local seismic activity around Syowa Station, East Antarctica / Katsutada Kaminuma and Masaki Kanao. - Morphological characteristics of the intersection between Phoenix Ridge and the Hero Fracture Zone / Kyu Jung Kim, Young Keun Jin, Sang Heon Nam, Joo Han Lee and Yeadong Kim. - Visual observation experiments to investigate the formation processes of globular gas hydrate / H. Shoji. - Gas hydrate BSR-derived heat flow variation on the South Shetland Continental Margin, Antarctic Peninsula / Young Keun Jin, Sang Heon Nam, Yeadong Kim, Kyu Jung Kim and Joo Han Lee. - Introduction to ice core drilling program on Amery Ice Shelf in the 2002/2003 Antarctic summer season / Yuansheng Li, Dejun Tan, Zengdi Pan, Zhaoqian Dong, Bo Sun and Jiahong Wen. - 724 M deep ice core from Akademii Nauk Ice Cap Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic) - Electrical conductivity measurements and isotopic record / D. Fritzsche, R. Schütt, H. Meyer, H. Miller, and F. Wilhelms. - Introduction of the Chinese Polar Cryospheric Database System (CPCDS) / Xiang Qin, Dahe Qin and Yongjian Ding. - Natural variations in lead, cadmium, copper and zinc concentrations and their sources in Vostok Antarctic Ice from 65,000 to 240,000 years BP / Sungmin Hong, Kang Hyun Lee, Claude F. Boutron, Christophe P. Ferrari, Jean Robert Petit, Carlo Barbante, Kevin Rosman, Vladimir Y. Lipenkov. - Fluctuation of ice sheet elevation in East Antarctica since the late Pliocene / Xiaohan Liu, Ping Kong, Feixin Huang, Xiaoli Li, and Aimin Fang. - Variations of total ozone amount and erythermal ultraviolet radiation at King Sejong Station in West Antarctica / Bang Yong Lee, Hi-Ku Cho, Yun-Gon Lee and Young-In Won. - Variability of regional atmospheric circulation related with recent warming in the Antarctic Peninsula / Jeong-Soon Lee, Tae-Yong Kwon, Bang-Yong Lee, Ho Il Yoon and Jeong-Woo Kim. - The surface UV-A and erythermal UV-B radiation changes at King Sejong Station of West Antarctica / Kyu-Tae Lee, Joon-Bum Jee, Won-Hak Lee, Youn-Joung Kim, Bang Yong Lee, and Young-In Won. - Climatological characteristics of the polar ionosphere based on the Sondrestrom and Chatanika incoherent scatter radar measurements / Young-Sil Kwak and Byung-Ho Ahn. - Cloudy band and air inclusions observed in deep ice core samples from GRIP, Greenland / Kimiko Shimohara, Hitoshi Shoji and Sepp Kipfstuhl. - Geochemical trends and Milankovitch cycles within sediment from the North Atlantic Ocean / Sangmin Hyun, Naokazu Ahagon and Ho Il Yoon. - Oceanographic mechanism of regional warming in the Antarctic Peninsula / Kyu-Cheul Yoo, Ho Il Yoon, Jae-Kyung Oh, Tae-Yong Kwon and Cheon Yun Kang. - East Asian Monsoon variation during the late pleistocene to holocene: paleoclimate changes indicated by proxy records from Jeju Island, Korea / Seung Hyoun Lee, Yong Il Lee, Ho Il Yoon and Cheon Yun Kang. - Occurrence of vivianite in late pleistocene lacustrine sediments at Sogwipo, Jeju Island, Korea / Seung Hyoun Lee, Yong Il Lee, Ho Il Yoon, Cheon Yun Kang and Yaedong Kim. - Microfabric analysis of laminated diatom ooze in the holocene sediments from the eastern Bransfield Strait, Antarctic Peninsula / Jang Jun Bahk, Ho Il Yoon, Yeadong Kim, Cheon Yun Kang and Sung Ho Bae. - Late Quaternary paleoenvironment of the Saint Anna Trough, Arcitc Russia / Jae Il Lee, Yeadong Kim and Ho Il Yoon. - Formation and dissociation processes of gas hydrates composed of methane and carbon dioxide below the ice point / A. Hachikubo, K. Yamada, T. Miura, K. Hyakutake, K. Abe and H. Shoji. - Visual observations of tubular gas hydrate formation in a pressure cell with water and seafloor sediment / K. Hyakutake, O. Kitamura, S. Kataoka, A. Hachikubo, H. Shoji and L. Mazurenko. - Formation processes of massive gas hydrate in a pressure cell with water-saturated sediment conditions / O. Kitamura, S. Kataoka, K. Hyakutake, A. Hachikubo and H. Shoji. - Phase equilibrium studies on mixed gas hydrates composed of methane and carbon dioxide below the ice point / T. Miura, A. Hachikubo, K. Hyakutake, K. Abe and H. Shoji. - CP-MAS 13C-NMR study on the crystallographic structure of natural gas hydrate in the bottom of the Okhotsk Sea and Lake Baikal / M. Kida, H. Sakagami, H. Minami, Y. Numokawa, N. Takahashi, T. Matveeva, H. Shoji, S. Takeya, Y. Kamata, T. Ebinuma, H. Narita, V. Soloviev, K. Wallmann, N. Biebow, A. Obzhirov, A. Salomatin, J. Poort, O. Khlystov and M. Grachev. - Some features of gas hydrates in the sea of Okhotsk / T. Matveeva, V. Soloviev, K. Wallmann, A. Obzhirov, N. Biebow, J. Poort, A. Salomatin and H. Shoji. - High-resolution echo facies analysis of glacial-marine deposits in the Bransfield Basin, Antarctica / S. H. Yoon, H. I. Yoon and J. Howe. - Characteristics of Beach sands, King George Island, West Antarctica / Tae Jin Choi, Yong Il Lee and Ho Il Yoon. - Transition from debris flow to hyperconcentrated flow in a submarine channel (the Cretaceous Cerro Toro Formation, Southern Chile) / Y. K. Sohn, M. Y. Choe, and H. R. Jo. - Chemical weathering of glacial debris and volcanic ash in King George Island, Antarctica / Gi Young Jeong and Bong Ho Lee. - The cenozoic sedimentary records found in the Grove Mountains, East Antarctica and their climatic implications / Aimin Fang, Xiaohan Liu, Xiaoli Li, Jong Ik Lee, Yitai Ju and Feixin Huang. - The pollen assemblages found in the cenozoic sedimentary rocks in Grove Mountains, East Antarctica / Aimin Fang, Xiaohan Liu, Xiaoli Li, Yitai Ju and Weimin W

Note: Enthält 5 Zeitschriftenaufsätze , Dissertation, Göteborgs Universitet, 2002 , Table of Contents: Introduction Methods Summary of Papers Paper I Paper II Paper III Paper IV Paper V Conclusions and discussion Acknowledgements References Appendices Paper I: Late Quaternary stratigraphy of western Yamal Peninsula, Russia : new constraints on the configuration of the Eurasian ice sheet / Forman, S. L., Ingólfson, Ó., Gataullin, V., Manley, W. F., Lokrantz, H. Paper II: Late Quaternary stratigraphy, glacial limits and paleoenvironments of the Maresale area, western Yamal Peninsula, Russia / Forman, S. L., Ingólfson, Ó., Gataullin, V., Manley, W. F., Lokrantz, H. Paper III: Late Quaternary stratigraphy, Radiocarbon Chronology, and Glacial History at Cape Shpindler, Southern Kara Sea, Arctic Russia / Manley, W. F., Lokrantz, H., Gataullin, V., Ingólfson, Ó., Andersson, T. Paper IV: Glaciotectonised Quaternary sediments at Cape Shpindler, Yugorski Peninsula, Arctic Russia : implications of glacial history, ice movements and Kara Sea Ice Sheet configuration / Lokrantz, H., Ingólfson, Ó. and Forman, S. L. Paper V: Origin of a massive ground ice body on Yugorski Peninsula, Arctic Russia : buried glacier ice or intrasedimental segregation ice? / Lokrantz, H. and Ingólfson, Ó.

Note: Contenido PREFACIO A LA MEMORIA DE MIA JEAN TEGNER PRESENTACIÓN DE APERTURA Reducción de la vulnerabilidad a episodios de El Niño como parte de la planificación en áreas del desarrollo / STEPHEN BENDER SECCIÓN I - ECOSISTEMA MARINO Aspectos oceanográficos de El Niño 1997-98 y su relación con los recursos pelágicos / OCTAVIO MORÓN Y MIGUEL SARMIENTO El fitoplancton frente a la costa peruana durante El Niño 1997-98 / ELCIRA DELGADO, SONIA SÁNCHEZ, FLOR CHANG, PATRICIA VILLANUEVA Y CÉSAR FERNÁNDEZ Variabilidad del fitoplancton en la bahía de Ancón, Lima- Perú, durante El Niño 1997-98 / NOEMÍ OCHOA Y GABRIELA RUILLÓN Efecto de El Niño en el fitoplancton de la bahía de llo, Moque gua / OLGA GÓMEZ Efectos del evento El Niño 1997-98 sobre la distribución y abundancia de anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) / MARIANO GUTIÉRREZ Fluctuaciones de la ictiofauna pelágica en la región norte-centro del litoral peruano de 1994 a 1998 / MARILÚ BOUCHON, SANDRA CAHUÍN Y MIGUEL ÑIQUEN Los peces como indicadores de El Niño en el ecosistema marino peruano desde 1972 a 1998 / ALBERTINA KAMEYA, MIGUEL LLEELLISH Y LUIS CACCHA El Niño 1997-98 y la reproducción de la merluza Merluccius gayi peruanus en el Perú / ANGEL PEREA, BETSY BUITRÓN Y ENRIQUE MECKLENBURG Tecnología espacial y pesca / ANIBAL DÍAZ Y GUILLERMO HASEMBANK A model for the negative effects of El Niño and La Niña oscillation on marine bivalves: Gari solida from Bahía Independencia, Perú / HANS-JÖRG URBAN Los índices de El Niño y del impacto sobre las comunidades bentónicas / JUAN TARAZONA, WOLF ARNTZ, SONIA VALLE Y TANIA PEÑA Estrategias de vigilancia biológica del evento El Niño / MARIO EDDING Y MARCELA BLANCO Biological impacts ofthe 1997-98 El Niño in the californias: kelp forests were devastated / MIA TEGNER Densidad de Stichaster striatus en la orilla rocosa de Ancón durante El Niño 1997-98 / LEONARDO ROMERO Evaluación poblacional del percebe Pollicipes elegans en las islas Lobos: 1996 y 1998 / MARTÍN QUEVEDO, MANUEL SAMAMÉ, JAVIER CASTRO, JAIME DE LA CRUZ Y JORGE FUPUY La pesca del langostino titíXiphopenaeus riveti en la caleta San José, Lambayeque, Perú / JAVIER CASTRO, MARTÍN QUEVEDO Y JAIME DE LA CRUZ Talla, densidad y distribución de Argopecten purpuratus durante 1998 en la bahía de San Lorenzo, Callao, Perú / JUAN ARGÜELLES Y GLADYS CASTILLO Bases para el estudio de las adaptaciones evolutivas de la biodiversidad frente a El Niño en la costa peruana / GONZALO CASTRO SECCIÓN II - ECOSISTEMA TERRESTRE El Niño y las inundaciones en el noreste argentino / ENRIQUE J. SCHNACK, UBALDO R. COLADO, FERNANDO O. DE FRANCESCO, LUIS C. GARCÍA LOZANO Y JUAN A. SCHNACK El Niño 1997-98 y los bosques secos de la costa norte del Perú, caso Sechura y Tambogrande en Piura / JUAN TORRES Productividad primaria neta durante El Niño 1997-98 en los bosques secos de Piura, Perú / CATERINA CÁRDENAS, JUAN TORRES Y JOEL RODAS Dinámica poolacional de los algarrobales (Prosopis pallida)y El Niño en la costa norte del Perú / SUSANA GUSHIKEN, TANIA ACUÑA Y JUAN TORRES La reforestación con algarrobo en zona desértica de Piura, Perú / JORGE VERA TUDELA, JOSEP TRÍAS, LUIS ALBÁN, GUILLERMO MORALES Y JOSÉ ROMERO Condiciones meteorológicas en los algarrobales del caserío Bella Esperanza (Piura, Perú) durante 1991-1998 / YONEL MENDOZA Y MARÍA VILA Impacto de El Niño sobre los cultivos vegetales y la productividad primaria en la sierra central de Piura / FIDEL TORRES, FLAVIO PEÑA, RAMIRO CRUZ Y EVARISTO GÓMEZ El Niño 1997-1998 y el cultivo de papa en la costa central del Perú / ROLANDO EGÚSQUIZA Y SATURNINO ATAUCUSI Flora vascular en las lomas de Ancón y Carabay llo Lima, Perú durante El Niño 1997-98 / ASUNCIÓN CANO, MÓNICA ARAKAKI, JOSÉ ROQUE, MARÍA l. LA TORRE, NANCY REFULIO Y CÉSAR ARANA Productividad primaria de las plantas anuales durante El Niño 1997-98 en las Lomas de Mejia (Islay, Arequipa-Perú) / CARMELO TALA VERA, PERCY JIMÉNEZ, ALDO ORTEGA, LUIS VILLEGAS Y FRANCISCO VILLASANTE Poblaciones de zancudos en la Provincia Constitucional del Callao durante y después del evento El Niño 1997-98 / ROCÍO MORENO, MARÍA REYES, JOSÉ CHAUCA Y JOSÉ IANNACONE SECCIÓN III - CONSECUENCIAS SOCIO-ECONÓMICA Las reacciones del sector pesquero chileno al evento El Niño 1997-98 / DANIEL SUMAN Impacto de El Niño 1997-98 en la actividad pesquera del departamento de Piura / WILLIAM LEÓN La construcción social de la deforestación en México: los incendios de 1998 en la selva tropical de los Chimalapas / DAVID BARKIN y MIGUEL ÁNGEL GARCÍA Comportamiento del período seco y lluvioso e impactos de El Niño en Panamá / CÉSAR CASTILLO Los múltiples avatares de El Niño / ANNE-MARIE HOCQUENGHEM, EVELYNE MESCLIER Y MARÍA TERESA ORÉ Carta de susceptibilidad al peligro de inundaciones: el caso de las lagunas de Sechura / CARLOS TAVARES, FERNÁN ALAYZA Y JAVIER RAMÍREZ Impacto de El Niño 1997-98 en Lambayeque, Perú / JORGE CHANAMÉ, VíCTOR ALVITRES, JORGE FUPUY Y MIGUEL CORTEZ Uso del SIG en la evaluación de daños en la Carretera Panamericana entre Tumbes y Chiclayo / MOISÉS CASTILLO Y ANTONIO RAMÍREZ Efecto de El Niño 1997-98 sobre la salud en la cuenca de Huaura, Sayán / NELSON PACHECO, DENNY RODRÍGUEZ Y LINO CÁCERES SECCIÓN IV - EL NIÑO EN EL PASADO Reconstrucción del registro histórico de eventos El Niño en el Perú: un estado de avance / LUC ORTLIEB Y ANNE-MARIE HOCQUENGHEM Eventos ENOS como pulso de los océanos datos de anillos de árboles de 7 000 AP y 6 000 AP / JAMES H.L. LAWLER TAMAs, ocurrencia episódica de moluscos tropicales en el norte de Chile y evento El Niño / NURY GUZMÁN AMANDA DÍAZ, LUC ORTLIEB Y MARCELA CLARKE ¿1544, un año de El Niño? / ENRIQUE ANGULO El diluvio de 1891 / HUMBERTO RODRÍGUEZ LISTA DE REVISORES ÍNDICE , In spanischer und englischer Sprache

Note: Contents: Imprint Published Reports Preface Summary Zusammenfassung Résumé Riassunto Resumaziun 1 Introduction 2 Weather and Climate 2.1 Weather and Climate in 2004/2005 2.2 Weather and Climate in 2005/2006 2.3 Climate Deviation from the Mean Value 1961–1990 2.4 Duration of the Snow Cover 3 Borehole Measurements 3.1 Active Layer Thickness 3.2 Permafrost Temperatures 3.2 ERT Monitoring Network 3.4 Conclusions Boreholes 4 Surface Temperatures 4.1 Surface Temperatures in Unconsolidated Sediments 4.2 Rock Surface Temperatures 4.3 Conclusions Surface Temperatures 5 Air Photos 5.1 Air Photos in 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 6 Conclusion 7 Selected Aspects of Permafrost Monitoring 7.1 Short-term Variations in Rock Glacier Kinematics 7.2 Destabilized Rock Glaciers 7.3 Conclusions Rock Glacier Dynamics Acknowledgements References Appendix

Note: Contents: Report on the 2001 activities of NGRIP Operations. - Objective. - Kangerlussuaq (Søndre Strømfjord). - Preparation of the field season. - Drilling equipment. - Start of the field season. - Starting the camp. - Communication. - Bailing. - Drilling. - Logging. - Last Drilling. - Summaries. - DML electronics. - Garbage handling. - Medivac. - Acknowledgement. - Graphs. - NGRIP 2001 sub programs. - Automatic weather stations. - Dust program. - GPS measurements. - Firn gas sampling. - 2001 Field season, Diary. - Communication. - Maintenance/Logistics after the season. - Bulk supplies. - List of participants. - Table of LC130 flights. - NGRIP documentation. - NGRIP camp load. - Sitreps. - Daily reports from NGRIP. - Special reports. - Schedule for camp close down. - List of NGRIP addresses.

Note: Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften am Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Universität Bremen, 2003

Note: Translated from the Japanese

Note: Erscheint alle 2 Jahre , Text in deutscher und englischer Sprache

Note: Kaiserslautern, Technische Universität, Dissertation, 2003 (Nicht für den Austausch)

Note: Zugl.: Kaiserslautern, Univ., Habil., 2002

Note: Landslide Tsunamis: Recent Findings and Research Directions / J.-P. Bardet, C. E. Synolakis, H. L. Davies, F. Imamura… / Pages 1793-1809 --- Characterization of Earthquake Strong Ground Motion / P. G. Somerville, R. W. Graves / Pages 1811-1828 --- The 1998 Papua New Guinea Earthquake and its Fault Plane Estimated from Relocated Aftershocks / Nobuo Hurukawa, Yoshinobu Tsuji, Budi Waluyo / Pages 1829-1841 --- T Waves from the 1998 Papua New Guinea Earthquake and its Aftershocks: Timing the Tsunamigenic Slump / Emile A. Okal / Pages 1843-1863 --- Triggering Mechanisms of Slope Instability and their Relationship to Earthquakes and Tsunamis / S. G. Wright, E. M. Rathje / Pages 1865-1877 --- Landslide-generated Tsunamis: Geotechnical Considerations / W. D. Liam Finn / Pages 1879-1894 --- The Aitape 1998 Tsunami: Reconstructing the Event from Interviews and Field Mapping / H. L. Davies, J. M. Davies, R. C. B. Perembo, W. Y. Lus / Pages 1895-1922 --- Possible Coseismic Large-scale Landslide off the Northern Coast of Papua New Guinea in July 1998: Geophysical and Geological Results from SOS Cruises / Takeshi Matsumoto, David R. Tappin / Pages 1923-1943 --- Tectonics and Slumping in the Source Region of the 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami from Seismic Reflection Images / S. Sweet, E. A. Silver / Pages 1945-1968 --- Erosion and Sedimentation from the 17 July, 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami / Guy Gelfenbaum, Bruce Jaffe / Pages 1969-1999 --- Mitigation Lessons from the July 17, 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami / Lori Dengler, Jane Preuss / Pages 2001-2031 --- Large-scale Basement-involved Landslides, California Continental Borderland / M. R. Legg, M. J. Kamerling / Pages 2033-2051 --- Failure of Marine Deposits and their Redistribution by Sediment Gravity Flows / J. P. M. Syvitski, E. W. H. Hutton / Pages 2053-2069 --- Re-examination of the Source Mechanism of the 1998 Papua New Guinea Earthquake and Tsunami / Fumihiko Imamura, Kazumasa Hashi / Pages 2071-2086 --- The July 1998 Papua New Guinea Earthquake: Mechanism and Quantification of Unusual Tsunami Generation / Kenji Satake, Yuichiro Tanioka / Pages 2087-2118 --- Field Survey and Numerical Simulations: A Review of the 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami / Patrick J. Lynett, Jose C. Borrero, Philip L.-F. Liu… / Pages 2119-2146 --- Tsunami Wave Height Dependence on Landslide Volume / T. S. Murty / Pages 2147-2153 --- Some Aspects of Energy Balance and Tsunami Generation by Earthquakes and Landslides / L. J. Ruff / Pages 2155-2176 --- A Theoretical Comparison of Tsunamis from Dislocations and Landslides / Emile A. Okal, Costas E. Synolakis / Pages 2177-2188 --- Normal Mode Energetics for Far-field Tsunamis Generated by Dislocations and Landslides / Emile A. Okal / Pages 2189-2221

Note: Contents: Preface / Helle V. Goldman, Bruce Forbes & Gary Kofinas. - Research planning in the face of change: the human role in reindeer/caribou systems / Gary Kofinas, Gail Osherenko, David Klein & Bruce Forbes. - Reindeer husbandry/hunting in Russia in the past, present and future / Leonid M. Baskin. - Chukotkan reindeer husbandry in the post-socialist transition / Patty A. Gray. - Nenets reindeer herders on the lower Yenisei River: traditional economy under current conditions are responses to economic change / Konstantin B. Klokov. - Reindeer pastoralism in modern Siberia: research and survival during the time of crash / Igor Krupnik. - Managing reindeer and wildlife on Alaska's Seward Peninsula / Jim Dau. - Response of reindeer and caribou to human activities / Scott A. Wolfe, Brad Griffith & Carrie A. Gray Wolfe. - High voltage transmission lines and their effect on reindeer: a research programme in progress / Eigil Reimers, Kjetil Flydal & Rune Stenseth. - Responses of West Greenland caribou to the approach of humans on foot / Peter Aastrup. - Arctic grazing systems and industrial development: can we minimize conflicts? / David R. Klein. - Regional effects of climate change on reindeer: a case study of the Muotkatunturi region in Finnish Lapland / Susan E. Lee, Malcolm C. Press, John A. Lee, Tim Ingold & Terhi Kurttila. - Reindeer in tundra ecosystems: the challenges of understanding system complexity / Feodor V. Kryazhimskii & Alexey N. Danilov. - Status, directions and priorities of reindeer husbandry research in Sweden / Öje Danell. - Need and opportunity for a North American caribou knowledge cooperative / Don Russell, Gary Kofinas & Brad Griffith. - Native reindeer herders' priorities for research / Johan Mathis Turi. - Letter from Varandei / Andrei V. Golovnev.

Note: CONTENTS: From the author. - Foreword (V. M. Kotlyakov, the academician of Russian Academy of Science). - Introduction. - 1. A legal status of research in Antarctic. - 2. The Russian (Soviet) Antarctic expeditions. - 3. The first stage of the Russian Antarctic research (1956-1965). - 3.1. General characteristic of the first stage. - 3.2. Types of observations and research at the first stage of Soviet Antarctic expedition (SAE). - 3.3. Main scientific results of the first stage of SAE operation. - 4. The second stage of the Russian Antarctic Research (1966-1973). - 4.1. General characteristic of the second stage of SAE operation. - 4.2. Types of observations and research at the second stage of SAE operation. - 4.3. Main scientific results of the second stage of SAE operation. - 5. The third stage of the Russian Antarctic Research (1974-1990). - 5.1. General characteristic of the third stage of SAE operation. - 5.2. Types of observations and research at the third stage of SAE operation. - 5.3. Main basic scientific results ofthe third stage of SAE operation. - 6. The fourth stage of the Russian Antarctic Research (1991-2005). - 6.1. General characteristic of the fourth stage of Russian Antarctic expedition (RAE) operation. - 6.2. Types of observations and research at the fourth stage of RAE operation. - 6.3. Main scientific results of the fourth stage of RAE operation. - Conclusion. - References. - Appendices (1-8): Appendix 1. Chronology of RAE (SAE) operation. - Appendix 2. Number of native publications on various disciplines. - Appendix 3. Members of the Russian Antarctic expeditions. - Appendix 4. Number of RAE (SAE) wintering stations. - Appendix 5. Number of vessels operated in RAE (SAE). - Appendix 6. Volume of the cargo delivered by RAE (SAE) vessels. - Appendix 7. Wintering RAE (SAE) members. - Appendix 8. Photo portraits of the Russian Antarctic researchers. , In kyrillischer Schrift , Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache

Note: CONTENTS: Introduction - All Staff meeting 2002 / Per Undén. - Report of Hirlam Management Group visit to Met Éireann / Per Undén. - The operational HIRLAM at the Finnish Meteorological Institute / Kalle Eerola. - Recent changes in the operational suites at Météo-France / Dominique Giard. - HIRLAM operational activities in Met Éireann / Ray McGrath. - Operational HIRLAM at met.no / Ole Vignes. - SMHI operational HIRLAM systems / Lars Meuller. - Revision of the ECMWF humidity analysis 1: Construction of a gaussian control variable / Elías Valur Hólm. - A nudging procedure to assimilate analyses of cloud and precipitation in a version of HIRLAM / Bent Hansen Sass and Claus Petersen. - HIRLAM 4DVAR / Xiang-Yu Huang, Xiaohua Yang, Nils Gustafsson, Kristian Mogensen and Magnus Lindskog. - Progress in the investigation of problems in the operational 4d-var assimilation at Météo-France / Dominique Giard. - Recent and future developments in the turbulence modeling in HIRLAM / Geert Lenderink. - Parametrization of the effects of subgrid-scale orography / Laura Rontu and Kai Sattler. - ISBA tests in a Nordic area - an update / Simo Järvenoja. - Results of the SAT-MAP-CLIMATE project / Niels Woetmann Nielsen, Charlotte Hasager, Henrik Søgaard, Jens H Chrisensen, Niels Otto Jensen and Eva Bøgh. - Progress and problems in the Functional Boxes / Erik Bazile. - Status Kain Fritsch Rash Kristjansson and Hirlam 22 km experiences / Sander Tijm, Roy Wichink, Oscar van de Velde, Ben Wichers Schreur and Toon Moene. - The representation of shallow cumulus convection and associated cloud fields in the Rossby Centre Atmospheric modell / Colin Jones and Enrique Sanchez. - Parametrization of mountain-related effects in fine-scale HIRLAM - items for discussion / Laura Rontu. - Testing alternative lateral boundary strategies: A progress report / Aidan McDonald. - Current situation with the NH HIRLAM / Aarne Mannik and Rein Room. - Manipulations to determine the hybrid coordinate in HIRLAM / Per Undén and Nils Gustafsson. - Comparison of convection and condensation schemes under non-hydrostatic Hirlam model: A case study / Sami Niemela and Carl Fortelius. - Real time solution of forward and inverse air pollution problems with a numerical dispersion model based on short-term weather forecasts / Mikhail Sofiev. - Asyncronous I/O in HIRLAM / Ole Vignes. - HIRLAM coding styles / Gerard Cats. - NWP on a GRID compute environment / Gerard Cats. - HIRLAM verification scores, 1st quarter 2002 / Per Undén. - Validation test for HIRLAM 5.1.4: winter condition / Xiaohua Yang. - Recent tests of proposed revisions to the STRACO cloud scheme / Bent Hansen Sass and Xiaohua Yang.

Note: CONTENTS: Introduction and general report from All Staff Meeting 2003 / Per Undén. - Operational HIRLAM at DMI - Status and plans for 2003 / Kristian Mogensen. - The operational HIRLAM at the Finnish Meteorological Institute / Kalle Eerola. - Operational NWP suites at Meteo-France / Dominique Giard. - HIRLAM operational activities in Met Éireann / Ray McGrath. - Operational HIRLAM at met.no / Ole Vignes. - HIRLAM at INM. News and plans / Jose Antonio Garcia-Moya. - SMHI operational HIRLAM system / Lars Meuller. - Modelisation of background error statistics in ALADIN and ARPEGE / Dominique Giard and Loïk Berre. - Optimum interpolation analysis method for snow depth / Alberto Cansado and Beatriz Navascués. - Radiation in high-resolution mesoscale models - what can be done? / Hannu Savijärvi. - Testing the modified HIRLAM radiation scheme / Laura Rontu and Simo Järvenoja. - Enhanced formulation of convective cloud cover / Bent Hansen Sass. - Ideas about the water vapour saturation pressure / Carl Fortelius. - Recent physics modifications and results with KFB / Eric Bazile et al. - Comparison of two algorithms to simulate the effect of soil moisture freezing and thawing on the energy balance / J.A. Parodi, Ernesto Rodriguez and Beatriz Navascués. - Characteristics of CBR and STRACO versions / Sander Tijm. - Representing subgrid scale mixing under stable conditions: Importance for overall model synoptic development / Colin Jones, Geert Lenderink and Karl-Ivar Ivarsson. - Sensitivity and robustness of transparent boundary conditions / Aidan McDonald. - Re-arranging the HIRLAM boundary relaxation treatment / Aidan McDonald. - Testing of the MC2 boundary treatment in HIRLAM / Simo Järvenoja. - Experiences from pre-operational HIRLAM 5.1.4 tests at FMI / Simo Järvenoja. - A recent study on the initialization procedure in HIRLAM / Xiaohua Yang and Xiang-Yu Huang. - MLAM- MARS HIRLAM / Simo Järvenoja. - Forecasting snow with HIRLAM 5.2 / Viel Ødegaard. - The flood of Feb 1, 1953 and HIRLAM / Toon Moene. - HIRLAM verification scores, 1st quarter 2003 / Per Undén. - Reference system status / Gerard Cats.

Note: Contents Introduction Why Some Bears Attack Attack - Chris Widrig Warning Signs Attack - Michio Hishino How to Survive a Bear Attack Attack - Terry Everard When Traveling in Bear Country Attack - Mark Matheny Attacks: Are They Increasing? Attack - Glenda Ann Bradley Ned Rasmussen and Gene Moe Hattie Amitnaag and Moses Aliyak Photographing bears Bibliography

Note: Contents Overview Introduction 1 The Canadian Forest 2 Early Forest Use 3 Industrialization of the Forests 4 The Rise of Forest Conservation 5 Sustainable Forest Management Conclusion Sources Further Reading Index

Note: Preface 1. Characteristics of volcanic rifted margins Martin A. Menzies, Simon L. Klemperer, Cynthia J. Ebinger, and Joel Baker 2. Crust and upper mantle structure in East Africa: Implications for the origin of Cenozoic rifting and volcanism and the formation of magmatic rifted margins Andrew A. Nyblade 3. Development of the Lebombo rifted volcanic margin of southeast Africa M.K. Watkeys 4. Extension and uplift of the northern Rio Grande Rift: Evidence from ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronology from the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, south-central Colorado and northern New Mexico Daniel P. Miggins, Ren A. Thompson, Charles L. Pillmore, Lawrence W. Snee, and Charles R. Stern 5. Lithospheric mantle beneath Arabia: A Pan-African protolith modified by the Afar and older plumes, rather than a source for continental flood volcanism? Joel Baker, Gilles Chazot, Martin A. Menzies, and Matthew Thirlwall 6. Petrogenesis of the Late Cretaceous tholeiitic magmatism in the passive margins of northeastern Madagascar Leone Melluso, Vincenzo Morra, Pietro Brotzu, Massimo D'Antonio, and Lucia Bennio 7. Silicic volcanism: An undervalued component of large igneous provinces and volcanic rifted margins Scott E. Bryan, Teal R. Riley, Dougal A. Jerram, Christopher J. Stephens, and Philip T Leat 8. Volcanology and fades architecture of flood basalts Dougal A. Jerram 9. East Greenland coast-parallel dike swarm and its role in continental breakup Martin Bromann Klausen and Hans Christian Larsen 10. Crustal architecture of South Atlantic volcanic margins W.U. Mohriak, B.R. Rosendahl, J.P. Turner, and S.C. Valente 11. Volcanic passive margin of Namibia: A potential fields perspective B. Corner, J. Cartwright, and R. Swart 12. Petrophysical modeling of high seismic velocity crust at the Namibian volcanic margin R.B. Trumbull, S.V. Sobolev, and K. Bauer

Note: Contents Acknowledgements Editor's Preface Translator's Preface Preface to Volume V of the Russian Edition, Salicaceae-Portulacaceae Preface to Volume VI of the Russian Edition, Caryophyllaceae-Ranunculaceae Abbreviations Used in Citing Floristic and Systematic Literature FAMILY XX / Salicaceae — Willow Family GENUS 1 / Populus - Poplar GENUS 2 / Chosenia - Chosenia GENUS 3 / Salix - Willow FAMILY XXI / Betulaceae — Birch Family GENUS 1 / Betula - Birch GENUS 2 / Alnaster - Green Alder GENUS 3 / Alnus - Alder FAMILY XXII / Urticaceae — Nettle Family GENUS 1 / Urtica - Nettle FAMILY XXIII / Polygonaceae — Buckwheat Family GENUS 1 / Oxyria - Mountain Sorrel GENUS 2 / Rumex - Dock, Sorrel GENUS 3 / Rheum - Rhubarb GENUS 4 / Koenigia - Koenigia GENUS 5 / Polygonum - Knotweed, Smartweed FAMILY XXIV / Chenopodiaceae — Goosefoot Family GENUS 1 / Chenopodium - Goosefoot GENUS 2 / Monolepis - Monolepis GENUS 3 / Atriplex - Orache GENUS 4 / Corispermum - Bugseed FAMILY XXV / Portulacaceae — Purslane Family GENUS 1 / Claytonia - Spring Beauty GENUS 2 / Montia - Blinks FAMILY XXVI / Caryophyllaceae — Pink Family GENUS 1 / Stellaria - Chickweed, Stitchwort GENUS 2 / Cerastium - Mouse-ear Chickweed GENUS 3 / Sagina - Pearlwort GENUS 4 / Minuartia - Minuartia GENUS 5 / Honkenya - Sea Sandwort GENUS 6 / Arenaria - Sandwort GENUS 7 / Moehringia - Groue Sandwort GENUS 8 / Merckia - Mercfo'a GENUS 9 / Spergula - Corn Spurry GENUS 10 / Spergularia - Sand Spurry GENUS 11 / Agrostemma - Corn Cockle GENUS 12 / Viscaria - Catchfly GENUS 13 / Silene - Campion GENUS 14 / Lychnis - Lychnis GENUS 15 / Coronaria - Ragged Robin GENUS 16 / Gastrolychnis - Gastrolychnis GENUS 17 / Gypsophila - Baby's-breath GENUS 18 / Dianthus - Pink FAMILY XXVII / Faeoniaceae — Peony Family GENUS 1 /Paeonia - Peony FAMILY XXVIII / Ranunculaceae — Buttercup Family GENUS 1 / Caltha - Marsh Marigold GENUS 2 / Trollius - Globe Flower GENUS 2a / Coptis - Goldthread GENUS 3 / Aquilegia - Columbine GENUS 4 / Delphinium - Larkspur GENUS 5 / Aconitum - Monkshood GENUS 6 7 Anemone - Anemone GENUS 7 / Pulsatilla - Pasque Flower GENUS 8 / Atragene - Alpine Clematis GENUS 9 / Oxygraphis - Oxygraphis GENUS 10 / Beckwithia - Beckwithia GENUS 11 / Batrachium - White Water Crowfoot GENUS 12 / Ranunculus - Buttercup GENUS 13 / Thalictrum - Meadow Rue APPENDIX I / Summary of Data on the Geographical Distribution of Vascular Plants of the Soviet Arctic TABLE 5 / Distribution of Vascular Plants of the Soviet Arctic, Salicaceae-Ranunculaceae Index of Plant Names

Note: CONTENTS: Preface. - Definitions. - 1 Atmospheric Properties. - 1.1. Atmospheric Structure. - 1.1.1. Atmospheric Layers. - 1.1.2. Convective and Stable Boundary Layers. - 1.1.3. Boundary Layer Theory. - 1.2. Atmospheric Properties. - 1.2.1. Vertical Profiles of Temperature, Pressure and Number Density. - 1.2.2. Tropospheric and Stratospheric Aerosols. - 1.2.3. Particulate Sizes and Distributions. - 1.2.4. Atmospheric Data Sets. - 2 Light Propagation in the Atmosphere. - 2.1. Light Extinction and Transmittance. - 2.2. Total and Directional Elastic Scattering of the Light Beam. - 2.3. Light Scattering by Molecules and Particulates: Inelastic Scattering. - 2.3.1. Index of Refraction. - 2.3.2. Light Scattering by Molecules (Rayleigh Scattering). - 2.3.3. Light Scattering by Particulates (Mie Scattering). - 2.3.4. Monodisperse Scattering Approximation. - 2.3.5. Polydisperse Scattering Systems. - 2.3.6. Inelastic Scattering. - 2.4. Light Absorption by Molecules and Particulates. - 3 Fundamentals of the Lidar Technique. - 3.1. Introduction to the Lidar Technique. - 3.2. Lidar Equation and lts Constituents. - 3.2.1. The Single-Scattering Lidar Equation. - 3.2.2. The Multiple-Scattering Lidar Equation. - 3.3. Elastic Lidar Hardware. - 3.3.1 Typical Lidar Hardware. - 3.4. Practical Lidar lssues. - 3.4.1. Determination of the Overlap Function. - 3.4.2. Optical Filtering. - 3.4.3. Optical Alignment and Scanning. - 3.4.4. The Range Resolution of a Lidar. - 3.5. Eye Safety Issues and Hardware. - 3.5.1. Lidar-Radar Combination. - 3.5.2. Micropulse Lidar. - 3.5.3. Lidars Using Eye-Safe Laser Wavelengths. - 4 Detectors, Digitizers, Electronics. - 4.1. Detectors. - 4.1.1. General Types of Detectors. - 4.1.2. Specific Detector Devices. - 4.1.3. Detector Performance. - 4.1.4. Noise. - 4.1.5. Time Response. - 4.2. Electric Circuits for Optical Detectors. - 4.3. A-D Converters/Digitizers. - 4.3.1. Digitizing the Detector Signal. - 4.3.2. Digitizer Errors. - 4.3.3. Digitizer Use. - 4.4. General. - 4.4.1. Impedance Matching. - 4.4.2. Energy Monitaring Hardware. - 4.4.3. Photon Counting. - 4.4.4. Variable Amplification. - 5 Analytical Solutions of the Lidar Equation. - 5.1. Simple Lidar-Equation Solution for a Homogeneaus Atmosphere: Slope Method. - 5.2. BasicTransformation of the Elastic Lidar Equation. - 5.3. Lidar Equation Solution for a Single-Component Heterogeneaus Atmosphere. - 5.3.1. Boundary Point Solution. - 5.3.2. Optical Depth Solution. - 5.3.3. Solution Based on a Power-Law Relationship Between Backscatter and Extinction. - 5.4. Lidar Equation Solution for a Two-Component Atmosphere. - 5.5. Which Solution is Best?. - 6 Uncertainty Estimation for Lidar Measurements. - 6.1. Uncertainty for the Slope Method. - 6.2. Lidar Measurement Uncertainty in a Two-Component Atmosphere. - 6.2.1. General Formula. - 6.2.2. Boundary Point Solution: Influence of Uncertainty and Location of the Specified Boundary Value on the Uncertainty δkw(r). - 6.2.3. Boundary-Point Solution: lnfl.uence of the Particulate Backscatter-to-Extinction Ratio and the Ratio Between Kp(r) and Km(r) on Measurement Accuracy. - 6.3. Background Constituent in the Original Lidar Signal and Lidar Signal Averaging. - 7 Backscatter-to-Extinction Ratio. - 7.1. Exploration of the Backscatter-to-Extinction Ratios: Brief Review. - 7.2. lnfluence of Uncertainty in the Backscatter-to-Extinction Ratio on the Inversion Result. - 7.3. Problem of a Range-Dependent Backscatter-to-Extinction Ratio. - 7.3.1. Application of the Power-Law Relationship Between Backscattering and Total Scattering in Real Atmospheres: Overview. - 7.3.2. Application of a Range-Dependent Backscatter-to-Extinction Ratio in Two-Layer Atmospheres. - 7.3.3. Lidar Signal Inversion with an Iterative Procedure. - 8 Lidar Examination of Clear and Moderately Turbid Atmospheres. - 8.1. One-Directional Lidar Measurements: Methods and Problems. - 8.1.1. Application of a Particulate-Free Zone Approach. - 8.1.2. Iterative Method to Determine the Location of Clear Zones. - 8.1.3. Two-Boundary-Point and Optical Depth Solutions. - 8.1.4. Combination of the Boundary Point and Optical Depth Solutions. - 8.2. Inversion Techniques for a "Spotted" Atmosphere. - 8.2.1. General Principles of Localization of Atmospheric "Spots". - 8.2.2. Lidar-Inversion Techniques for Monitaring and Mapping Particulate Plumes and Thin Clouds. - 9 Multiangle Methods for Extinction Coefficient Determination. - 9.1. Angle-Dependent Lidar Equation and Its Basic Solution. - 9.2. Solution for the Layer-Integrated Form of the Anglenependent Lidar Equation. - 9.3. Solution for the Two-Angle Layer-Integrated Form of the Lidar Equation. - 9.4. Two-Angle Solution for the Angle-Independent Lidar Equation. - 9.5. High-Altitude Tropospheric Measurements with Lidar. - 9.6. Which Method Is the Best?. - 10 Differential Absorption Lidar Technique (DIAL). - 10.1. DIAL Processing Technique: Fundamentals. - 10.1.1. General Theory. - 10.1.2. Uncertainty of the Backscatter Corrections in Atmospheres with Large Gradients of Aerosol Backscattering. - 10.1.3. Dependence of the DIAL Equation Correction Terms on the Spectral Range Interval Between the On and Off Wavelengths. - 10.2. DIAL Processing Technique: Problems. - 10.2.1. Uncertainty of the DIAL Solution for Column Content of the Ozone Concentration. - 10.2.2. Transition from Integrated to Range-Resolved Ozone Concentration: Problems of Numerical Differentiation and Data Smoothing. - 10.3. Other Techniques for DIAL Data Processing. - 10.3.1. DIAL Nonlinear Approximation Technique for Determining Ozone Concentration Profiles. - 10.3.2. Compensational Three-Wavelength DIAL Technique. - 11 Hardware Solutions to the Inversion Problem. - 11.1. Use of N2 Raman Scattering for Extinction Measurement. - 11.1.1. Method. - 11.1.2. Limitations of the Method. - 11.1.3. Uncertainty. - 11.1.4. Altemate Methods. - 11.1.5. Determination of Water Content in Clouds. - 11.2. Resolution of Particulate and Molecular Scattering by Filtration. - 11.2.1. Background. - 11.2.2. Method. - 11.2.3. Hardware. - 11.2.4. Atomic Absorption Filters. - 11.2.5. Sources of Uncertainty. - 11.3. Multiple-Wavelength Lidars. - 11.3.1. Application of Multiple-Wavelength Lidars for the Extraction of Particulate Optical Parameters. - 11.3.2. Investigation of Particulate Microphysical Parameters with Multiple-Wavelength Lidars. - 11.3.3. Limitations of the Method. - 12 Atmospheric Parameters from Elastic Lidar Data. - 12.1. Visual Range in Horizontal Directions. - 12.1.1. Definition of Terms. - 12.1.2. Standard Instrumentation and Measurement Uncertainties. - 12.1.3. Methods of the Horizontal Visibility Measurement with Lidar. - 12.2. Visual Range in Slant Directions. - 12.2.1. Definition of Terms and the Concept of the Measurement. - 12.2.2. Asymptotic Method in Slant Visibility Measurement. - 12.3. Temperature Measurements. - 12.3.1. Rayleigh Scattering Temperature Technique. - 12.3.2. Metal Ion Differential Absorption. - 12.3.3. Differential Absorption Methods. - 12.3.4. Doppler Broadening of the Rayleigh Spectrum. - 12.3.5. Rotational Raman Scattering. - 12.4. Boundary Layer Height Determination. - 12.4.1. Profile Methods. - 12.4.2. Multidimensional Methods. - 12.5. Cloud Boundary Determination. - 13 Wind Measurement Methods from Elastic Lidar Data. - 13.1. Correlation Methods to Determine Wind Speed and Direction. - 13.1.1. Point Correlation Methods. - 13.1.2. Two-Dimensional Correlation Method. - 13.1.3. Fourier Cerrelation Analysis. - 13.1.4. Three-Dimensional Correlation Method. - 13.1.5. Multiple-Beam Technique. - 13.1.6. Uncertainty in Correlation Methods. - 13.2. Edge Technique. - 13.3. Fringe Imaging Technique. - 13.4. Kinetic Energy, Dissipation Rate, and Divergence. - Bibliography. - Index.