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  • Angiosperms
  • Springer  (680)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (4)
  • Springer Nature
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Verlag/Herausgeber
  • Springer  (680)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (4)
  • Springer Nature
  • Elsevier  (24)
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1
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    Effects of rapid global warming at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary on neotropical vegetation (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-13
    Beschreibung: Temperatures in tropical regions are estimated to have increased by 3 degrees to 5 degrees C, compared with Late Paleocene values, during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, 56.3 million years ago) event. We investigated the tropical forest response to this rapid warming by evaluating the palynological record of three stratigraphic sections in eastern Colombia and western Venezuela. We observed a rapid and distinct increase in plant diversity and origination rates, with a set of new taxa, mostly angiosperms, added to the existing stock of low-diversity Paleocene flora. There is no evidence for enhanced aridity in the northern Neotropics. The tropical rainforest was able to persist under elevated temperatures and high levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, in contrast to speculations that tropical ecosystems were severely compromised by heat stress.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaramillo, Carlos -- Ochoa, Diana -- Contreras, Lineth -- Pagani, Mark -- Carvajal-Ortiz, Humberto -- Pratt, Lisa M -- Krishnan, Srinath -- Cardona, Agustin -- Romero, Millerlandy -- Quiroz, Luis -- Rodriguez, Guillermo -- Rueda, Milton J -- de la Parra, Felipe -- Moron, Sara -- Green, Walton -- Bayona, German -- Montes, Camilo -- Quintero, Oscar -- Ramirez, Rafael -- Mora, German -- Schouten, Stefan -- Bermudez, Hermann -- Navarrete, Rosa -- Parra, Francisco -- Alvaran, Mauricio -- Osorno, Jose -- Crowley, James L -- Valencia, Victor -- Vervoort, Jeff -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 12;330(6006):957-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1193833.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama. jaramilloc@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071667" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Angiosperms ; Atmosphere ; Biodiversity ; Carbon Dioxide ; Colombia ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; *Global Warming ; *Plants ; Pollen ; Spores ; Temperature ; Time ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate ; Venezuela
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    The impact of climate change on the world's marine ecosystems (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2010-06-19
    Beschreibung: Marine ecosystems are centrally important to the biology of the planet, yet a comprehensive understanding of how anthropogenic climate change is affecting them has been poorly developed. Recent studies indicate that rapidly rising greenhouse gas concentrations are driving ocean systems toward conditions not seen for millions of years, with an associated risk of fundamental and irreversible ecological transformation. The impacts of anthropogenic climate change so far include decreased ocean productivity, altered food web dynamics, reduced abundance of habitat-forming species, shifting species distributions, and a greater incidence of disease. Although there is considerable uncertainty about the spatial and temporal details, climate change is clearly and fundamentally altering ocean ecosystems. Further change will continue to create enormous challenges and costs for societies worldwide, particularly those in developing countries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove -- Bruno, John F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1523-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1189930.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ocean and Coasts Program, Global Change Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. oveh@uq.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Angiosperms ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Policy Making ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater ; Temperature ; Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Fossil pollen as a guide to conservation in the Galapagos (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-11-22
    Beschreibung: Paleoecological evidence from the past 8000 years in the Galapagos Islands shows that six presumed introduced or doubtfully native species (Ageratum conyzoides, Borreria laevis/Diodia radula-type, Brickellia diffusa, Cuphea carthagenensis, Hibiscus diversifolius, and Ranunculus flagelliformis) are in fact native to the archipelago. Fossil pollen and macrofossils from four sites in the highlands of Santa Cruz Island reveal that all were present thousands of years before the advent of human impact, refuting their classification as introduced species. These findings have substantial implications not only for conservation in Galapagos but for the management of introduced species and pantropical weeds in general.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Leeuwen, Jacqueline F N -- Froyd, Cynthia A -- van der Knaap, W O -- Coffey, Emily E -- Tye, Alan -- Willis, Katherine J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 21;322(5905):1206. doi: 10.1126/science.1163454.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19023075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Angiosperms ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology/methods ; Ecosystem ; Ecuador ; *Fossils ; Humans ; *Pollen
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    A comprehensive phylogeny of beetles reveals the evolutionary origins of a superradiation (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-12-22
    Beschreibung: Beetles represent almost one-fourth of all described species, and knowledge about their relationships and evolution adds to our understanding of biodiversity. We performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Coleoptera inferred from three genes and nearly 1900 species, representing more than 80% of the world's recognized beetle families. We defined basal relationships in the Polyphaga supergroup, which contains over 300,000 species, and established five families as the earliest branching lineages. By dating the phylogeny, we found that the success of beetles is explained neither by exceptional net diversification rates nor by a predominant role of herbivory and the Cretaceous rise of angiosperms. Instead, the pre-Cretaceous origin of more than 100 present-day lineages suggests that beetle species richness is due to high survival of lineages and sustained diversification in a variety of niches.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hunt, Toby -- Bergsten, Johannes -- Levkanicova, Zuzana -- Papadopoulou, Anna -- John, Oliver St -- Wild, Ruth -- Hammond, Peter M -- Ahrens, Dirk -- Balke, Michael -- Caterino, Michael S -- Gomez-Zurita, Jesus -- Ribera, Ignacio -- Barraclough, Timothy G -- Bocakova, Milada -- Bocak, Ladislav -- Vogler, Alfried P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1913-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Angiosperms ; Animals ; Beetles/anatomy & histology/*classification/*genetics/physiology ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Feeding Behavior ; Fossils ; Genes, Insect ; Gymnosperms ; *Phylogeny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The evolution of angiosperm seed proteins: A methionine-rich legumin subfamily present in lower angiosperm Clades (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 43 (1996), S. 399-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Asarum ; Dioscorea ; Angiosperms ; Evolution ; Legumins ; Seed proteins
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Analysis of legumin-encoding cDNAs fromDioscorea caucasica Lipsky (Dioscoreaceae) and fromAsarum europaeum L. (Aristolochiaceae) shows that there is an especially methionine-rich legumin subfamily present in the lower angiosperm clades including the Monocotyledoneae. It is characterized by a methionine content of 3–4 mol% which is roughly triple the methionine proportion of most other legumins. These “MetR” legumins, if present, still have to be detected in the higher angiosperms including the important seed crops. Evolutionary analysis suggests that the MetR legumins are the result of a gene duplication allowing the differentiation of legumin genes according to their sulfur content. The duplication event must have taken place before the split into mono- and dicotyledonous plants but probably after the separation of angiosperms and gymnosperms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02339013
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Angiosperm origin and early stages of seed plant evolution deduced from rRNA sequence comparisons (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 32 (1991), S. 253-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Chloroplast 4.5S rRNA ; Cytosolic and chloroplast 5S rRNAs ; 5.8S rRNA ; 18S rRNA ; Nucleotide sequences ; Phylogenetic trees ; Angiosperms ; Gymnosperms ; Monocotyledons ; Dicotyledons
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Complete or partial nucleotide sequences of five different rRNA species, coded by nuclear (18S, 5.8S, and 5S) or chloroplast genomes (5S, 4.5S) from a number of seed plants were determined. Based on the sequence data, the phylogenetic dendrograms were built by two methods, maximum parsimony and compatibility. The topologies of the trees for different rRNA species are not fully congruent, but they share some common features. It may be concluded that both gymnosperms and angiosperms are monophyletic groups. The data obtained suggest that the divergence of all the main groups of extant gymnosperms occurred after the branching off of the angiosperm lineage. As the time of divergence of at least some of these gymnosperm taxa is traceable back to the early Carboniferous, it may be concluded that the genealogical splitting of gymnosperm and angiosperm lineages occurred before this event, at least 360 million years ago, i.e., much earlier than the first angiosperm fossils were dated. Ancestral forms of angiosperms ought to be searched for among Progymnospermopsida. Genealogical relationships among gymnosperm taxa cannot be deduced unambiguously on the basis of rRNA data. The only inference may be that the taxon Gnetopsida is an artificial one, andGnetum andEphedra belong to quite different lineages of gymnosperms. As to the phylogenetic position of the two Angiospermae classes, extant monocotyledons seem to be a paraphyletic group located near the root of the angiosperm branch; it emerged at the earliest stages of angiosperm evolution. We may conclude that either monocotyledonous characters arose independently more than once in different groups of ancient Magnoliales or that monocotyledonous forms rather than dicotyledonous Magnoliales were the earliest angiosperms. Judging by the rRNA trees, Magnoliales are the most ancient group among dicotyledons. The most ancient lineage among monocotyledons leads to modern Liliaceae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02342748
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nucleotide distribution in gymnosperm nuclear sequences suggests a model for GC-content change in land-plant nuclear genomes (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 39 (1994), S. 34-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): CpG suppression ; GC content ; Angiosperms ; Isochores ; GC bias ; Mutational pressure ; Error-prone repair ; Transcriptionally coupled repair
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Nuclear protein coding sequences from gymnosperms are currently scarce. We have determined 4 kb of nuclear protein coding sequences from gymnosperms and have collected and analyzed 〉60 kb of nuclear sequences from gymnosperms and nonspermatophytes in order to better understand processes influencing genome evolution in plants. We show that conifers possess both biased and nonbiased genes with respect to GC content, as found in monocots, suggesting that the common ancestor of conifers and monocots may have possessed both biased and nonbiased genes. The lack of biased genes in dicots is suggested to be a derived character for this lineage. We present a simple but speculative model of land-plant genome evolution which considers changes in GC bias and CpG frequency, respectively, as independent processes and which can account for several puzzling aspects of observed nucleotide frequencies in plant genes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178247
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    DNA probes for the Y-chromosome ofSilene latifolia, a dioecious angiosperm (1992)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 5 (1992), S. 86-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Schlagwort(e): Sex chromosome markers ; Y-chromosome ; Angiosperms ; Silene latifolia ; Melandrium album
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary In order to obtain markers for the Y chromosome ofSilene latifolia, we pooled equal weights of leaf tissue from 18 female siblings into one sample and repeated the process with 18 male siblings. Pooling was intended to provide a common genetic background for each sample, leaving the absence or presence of the Y chromosome as the primary difference between the two samples. DNA was extracted from each sample and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with arbitrary 10 bp primers. Four of 60 primers used gave an amplification with the male DNA not found among those from the female DNA. Each of these was subsequently shown to provide a reliable marker for the Y chromosome.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714562
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation of the male germ unit: organization and function in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1998), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): Key wordsNicotiana tabacum ; Male germ unit ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Sperm isolation ; Angiosperms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Sperm cells are released from pollen tubes of tobacco as linked cells, associated with the vegetative nucleus in an assemblage known as the male germ unit (MGU). Using light microscopy, the MGU assemblage appears to be ensheathed by cytoplasmic material of the pollen tube, which may stabilize their association. Following their release, the shape of the sperm cells and vegetative nucleus changes from an ellipsoidal to a more spheroidal morphology. When most of the cytoplasmic material is dispersed, a boundary remains around the two sperm cells. Using scanning electron microscopy, the cytoplasmic material surrounding the MGU appears filamentous, sometimes twisted and rope-like. Based on these observations, the function of the MGU of tobacco is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050547
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fingerprinting plant genomes with oligonucleotide probes specific for simple repetitive DNA sequences (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 83 (1992), S. 691-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): DNA fingerprinting ; Repetitive DNA ; Genotype identification ; Angiosperms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Oligonucleotides hybridizing to simple repetitive DNA patterns are highly informative as probes for DNA fingerprinting in all investigated animal species, including man. Here we demonstrate the applicability of this technique in higher plants. The oligonucleotide probes (GTG)5 and (GATA)4 were used to investigate the differences in DNA fingerprint patterns of the following angiosperm species: Triticum aestivum, Secale cereale, Hordeum vulgare, Beta vulgaris, Petunia hybrida, Brassica oleracea, and Nicotiana tabacum. Two species, Hordeum vulgare as a monocot and Beta vulgaris as a dicot, were analyzed in more detail. Their genomes differ considerably in both amount and organization of the simple repetitive sequences (GATA)n, (GACA)n, (GTG)n, and (CT)n due to the evolutionary distance of these two species. Furthermore, several lines and cultivars of Beta vulgaris and Hordeum vulgare can clearly be distinguished on the basis of their highly polymorphic patterns of these repetitive sequences.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226686
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