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  • *Ecosystem  (170)
  • 2010-2014  (170)
  • 1980-1984
  • 2010  (170)
  • 1
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    Greenhouse gas mitigation can reduce sea-ice loss and increase polar bear persistence (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-18
    Description: On the basis of projected losses of their essential sea-ice habitats, a United States Geological Survey research team concluded in 2007 that two-thirds of the world's polar bears (Ursus maritimus) could disappear by mid-century if business-as-usual greenhouse gas emissions continue. That projection, however, did not consider the possible benefits of greenhouse gas mitigation. A key question is whether temperature increases lead to proportional losses of sea-ice habitat, or whether sea-ice cover crosses a tipping point and irreversibly collapses when temperature reaches a critical threshold. Such a tipping point would mean future greenhouse gas mitigation would confer no conservation benefits to polar bears. Here we show, using a general circulation model, that substantially more sea-ice habitat would be retained if greenhouse gas rise is mitigated. We also show, with Bayesian network model outcomes, that increased habitat retention under greenhouse gas mitigation means that polar bears could persist throughout the century in greater numbers and more areas than in the business-as-usual case. Our general circulation model outcomes did not reveal thresholds leading to irreversible loss of ice; instead, a linear relationship between global mean surface air temperature and sea-ice habitat substantiated the hypothesis that sea-ice thermodynamics can overcome albedo feedbacks proposed to cause sea-ice tipping points. Our outcomes indicate that rapid summer ice losses in models and observations represent increased volatility of a thinning sea-ice cover, rather than tipping-point behaviour. Mitigation-driven Bayesian network outcomes show that previously predicted declines in polar bear distribution and numbers are not unavoidable. Because polar bears are sentinels of the Arctic marine ecosystem and trends in their sea-ice habitats foreshadow future global changes, mitigating greenhouse gas emissions to improve polar bear status would have conservation benefits throughout and beyond the Arctic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amstrup, Steven C -- Deweaver, Eric T -- Douglas, David C -- Marcot, Bruce G -- Durner, George M -- Bitz, Cecilia M -- Bailey, David A -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 16;468(7326):955-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09653.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA. samstrup@pbears.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21164484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms ; Arctic Regions ; Bayes Theorem ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Endangered Species/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Environmental Monitoring ; Gases/analysis ; Global Warming/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; Greenhouse Effect/*prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; *Ice Cover ; Models, Theoretical ; Population Density ; Predatory Behavior ; Seasons ; Seawater/analysis/chemistry ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics ; Time Factors ; Ursidae/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Plant biology: Growth industry (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abbott, Alison -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 16;468(7326):886-8. doi: 10.1038/468886a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21164459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/organization & administration ; Agriculture/methods/trends ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Genetic Engineering ; Germany ; Herbicides ; Insects/drug effects/physiology ; Pheromones/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology/toxicity ; Plants/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Predatory Behavior/drug effects ; *Research/economics ; Seeds/genetics/metabolism ; Stimulation, Chemical ; Tobacco/drug effects/genetics/metabolism ; Utah
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Climate change: The prospects for polar bears (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Derocher, Andrew E -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 16;468(7326):905-6. doi: 10.1038/468905a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21164475" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; *Ecosystem ; Endangered Species/*statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Global Warming/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; Greenhouse Effect/*prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; *Ice Cover ; Models, Theoretical ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons ; Temperature ; Ursidae/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    River chief resigns (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pincock, Stephen -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 9;468(7325):744. doi: 10.1038/468744a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21150966" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/methods ; Animals ; Australia ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; *Ecosystem ; Endangered Species ; Environmental Policy ; *Leadership ; *Rivers/chemistry ; *Water Supply/analysis/economics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Ease public concern over oil pipeline (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gates, John B -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 9;468(7325):765. doi: 10.1038/468765a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21150980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Canada ; Chemical Hazard Release ; Disclosure ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects ; *Mining ; Petroleum/*adverse effects ; *Public Opinion ; *Research Personnel ; Risk Assessment ; United States ; Water Supply
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Cataloguing soil carbon stocks (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gianelle, Damiano -- Oechel, Walter -- Miglietta, Franco -- Rodeghiero, Mirco -- Sottocornola, Matteo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1476-7. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6010.1476-c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/*analysis ; *Climatic Processes ; *Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; International Cooperation ; Soil/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Marine ecology. Chinese initiative aims to comprehend and combat a slimy foe (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1464-5. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6010.1464.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; Fishes ; Life Cycle Stages ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; Scyphozoa/classification/growth & development/*physiology ; *Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Experimental niche evolution alters the strength of the diversity-productivity relationship (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-07
    Description: The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) has become a cornerstone of community and ecosystem ecology and an essential criterion for making decisions in conservation biology and policy planning. It has recently been proposed that evolutionary history should influence the BEF relationship because it determines species traits and, thus, species' ability to exploit resources. Here we test this hypothesis by combining experimental evolution with a BEF experiment. We isolated 20 bacterial strains from a marine environment and evolved each to be generalists or specialists. We then tested the effect of evolutionary history on the strength of the BEF relationship with assemblages of 1 to 20 species constructed from the specialists, generalists and ancestors. Assemblages of generalists were more productive on average because of their superior ability to exploit the environmental heterogeneity. The slope of the BEF relationship was, however, stronger for the specialist assemblages because of enhanced niche complementarity. These results show how the BEF relationship depends critically on the legacy of past evolutionary events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gravel, Dominique -- Bell, Thomas -- Barbera, Claire -- Bouvier, Thierry -- Pommier, Thomas -- Venail, Patrick -- Mouquet, Nicolas -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jan 6;469(7328):89-92. doi: 10.1038/nature09592.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universite du Quebec a Rimouski, Departement de Biologie, Chimie et Geographie, 300 Allee des Ursulines, Quebec G5L 3A1, Canada. dominique_gravel@uqar.qc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21131946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aquatic Organisms/classification/isolation & purification/physiology ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Typing ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Spain ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Fishing for data in the Ross Sea (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blight, Louise K -- Ainley, David G -- Ackley, Stephen F -- Ballard, Grant -- Ballerini, Tosca -- Brownell, Robert L Jr -- Cheng, C-H Christina -- Chiantore, Mariachiara -- Costa, Daniel -- Coulter, Malcolm C -- Dayton, Paul -- Devries, Arthur L -- Dunbar, Robert -- Earle, Sylvia -- Eastman, Joseph T -- Emslie, Steven D -- Evans, Clive W -- Garrott, Robert A -- Kim, Stacy -- Kooyman, Gerald -- Lescroel, Amelie -- Lizotte, Michael -- Massaro, Melanie -- Olmastroni, Silvia -- Ponganis, Paul J -- Russell, Joellen -- Siniff, Donald B -- Smith, Walker O Jr -- Stewart, Brent S -- Stirling, Ian -- Willis, Jay -- Wilson, Peter -- Woehler, Eric J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1316. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6009.1316.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21127229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Bass ; Certification ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries/*standards
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Assisted colonization: facilitate migration first (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruhl, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1317-9. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6009.1317-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21127230" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Endangered Species
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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