ALBERT

Beschreibung: Geo-Engineering, früher Stoff für Science Fiction, hat den wissenschaftlichenMainstream erreicht—und die internationale Politik. Doch dasKlimaschutzpotential der Technologien scheint entweder stark begrenztoder mit kaum kalkulierbaren Risiken und Nebenwirkungen verbunden.

Beschreibung: Haben wir die Zeiten des Imperialismus nicht längst hinter uns gelassen? Wenn man erwägt, in welchem Maße sich der Globale Norden nach wie vor an den ökologischen und sozialen Ressourcen des Globalen Südens bedient, rücken die Begriffe »Globaler Kapitalismus« und »Imperialismus« wieder näher zusammen. Unsere Muster von Produktion und Konsum erfordern einen überproportionalen Zugriff auf Ressourcen, Arbeitskraft und biologische Senken der restlichen Welt. Mit anderen Worten: Die Ausbeutung von Mensch und Natur hält nach wie vor an – und nimmt weiter an Fahrt auf.Ulrich Brand und Markus Wissen legen in ihrem Buch eine umfassende Krisenbeschreibung vor, die zeigt, wie inadäquat die aktuellen, oft marktförmigen und technischen Strategien der Problemlösung im Kapitalismus sind. Das Buch erinnert eindringlich daran, wie notwendig eine umfassende »sozial-ökologische Transformation« hin zu einer solidarischen Lebensweise ist und wie man sie auf den Weg bringen kann.

Beschreibung: Danksagung 7Kapitel 1An den Grenzen einer Lebensweise 9Kapitel 2Multiple Krise und sozial-ökologische Transformation 21Kapitel 3Der Begriff der imperialen Lebensweise 43Kapitel 4Die historische Entstehung der imperialen Lebensweise 69Kapitel 5Die globale Verallgemeinerung und Vertiefung der imperialen Lebensweise 95Kapitel 6Imperiale Automobilität 125Kapitel 7Falsche Alternativen. Von der grünen Ökonomie zum grünen Kapitalismus? 147Kapitel 8Konturen einer solidarischen Lebensweise 165Anmerkungen 187Literaturverzeichnis 202Abkürzungsverzeichnis 222Über die Autoren 224

Beschreibung: Air pollution has large impacts on the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH), affecting not just the health of people and ecosystems, but also climate, the cryosphere, monsoon patterns, water availability, agriculture, and incomes (established but incomplete). Although the available data are not comprehensive, they clearly show that the HKH receives significant amounts of air pollution from within and outside of the region, including the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), a region where many rural areas are severely polluted. In addition, the HKH receives transboundary pollution from other parts of Asia. This chapter surveys the evidence on regional air pollution and considers options for reducing it, while underlining the need for regional collaboration in mitigation efforts. As described in Chap. 1, the HKH region is fragile and rapidly changing; while the outcome of the interplay of complex drivers is difficult to predict, it will have major consequences. That holds true for air pollution as well.

Beschreibung: GRASP (Governance of Resources for Arctic Sustainable Policy and Practice) is an inter- and transdisciplinary research project jointly developed in 2014 by the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) and the Jade University of Applied Sciences

Beschreibung: Trade is the lifeblood of the global economy, but few would consider it a social good. Instead, our views on trade have polarized between two extremes: ‘free trade’ ideologues who regard trade as an end in itself, and ‘protectionists’ who view it as a destructive force to be contained. But there is another way to trade – one with the interests of people, not profit, at its heart. In this visionary work Christian Felber, founder of the Economy for the Common Good movement, offers a dazzling new paradigm for the global trading order. Confronting the ‘free trade religion’ which has reigned since Adam Smith, Felber champions an alternative approach in which trade serves the wider interests of society, incorporating the key issues of our time: human rights, climate change, and the growing divide richer and poorer countries. He proposes the groundbreaking idea of an ‘Ethical Trade Zone’, founded on a principled approach to tariffs and trade policies, and built with international cooperation on trade, taxation and labour.

Beschreibung: The Fennec climate programme aims to improve understanding of the Saharan climate system through a synergy of observations and modelling. We present a description of the Fennec airborne observations during 2011 and 2012 over the remote Sahara (Mauritania and Mali) and the advances in the understanding of mineral dust and boundary layer processes they have provided. Aircraft instrumentation aboard the UK FAAM BAe146 and French SAFIRE (Service des Avions Français Instrumentés pour la Recherche en Environnement) Falcon 20 is described, with specific focus on instrumentation specially developed for and relevant to Saharan meteorology and dust. Flight locations, aims and associated meteorology are described. Examples and applications of aircraft measurements from the Fennec flights are presented, highlighting new scientific results delivered using a synergy of different instruments and aircraft. These include (1) the first airborne measurement of dust particles sizes of up to 300 microns and associated dust fluxes in the Saharan atmospheric boundary layer (SABL), (2) dust uplift from the breakdown of the nocturnal low-level jet before becoming visible in SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible Infra-Red Imager) satellite imagery, (3) vertical profiles of the unique vertical structure of turbulent fluxes in the SABL, (4) in situ observations of processes in SABL clouds showing dust acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN) at −15 °C, (5) dual-aircraft observations of the SABL dynamics, thermodynamics and composition in the Saharan heat low region (SHL), (6) airborne observations of a dust storm associated with a cold pool (haboob) issued from deep convection over the Atlas Mountains, (7) the first airborne chemical composition measurements of dust in the SHL region with differing composition, sources (determined using Lagrangian backward trajectory calculations) and absorption properties between 2011 and 2012, (8) coincident ozone and dust surface area measurements suggest coarser particles provide a route for ozone depletion, (9) discrepancies between airborne coarse-mode size distributions and AERONET (AERosol Robotic NETwork) sunphotometer retrievals under light dust loadings. These results provide insights into boundary layer and dust processes in the SHL region – a region of substantial global climatic importance.

Beschreibung: Focusing on critical aspects of infrastructure, such as energy, this brief argues that Africa, and African cities in particular, need infrastructure that advances both basic needs and industrialization, and avoids a lock-in of unsustainable, high-carbon technologies. G20 countries can promote and support quality of life in Africa by: (1) aligning and cementing the G20 Agenda for Africa with African initiatives, SDGs and the Paris Agreement, (2) mitigating economic risks of climate change through supporting low carbon development pathways in Africa, (3) creating and enabling a level playing field for low carbon technologies, which includes integrated strategies for de-risking renewable energy investments, and (4) supporting smart and sustainable urban planning.

Beschreibung: This paper describes and quantifies three different energy policy pathways for Spain’s energy transition: government-centred, represented by the socialist party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español, PSOE); market-centred, represented by the conservative party (Partido Popular, PP); and grassroots, represented by Unidas Podemos.

Beschreibung: Die gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz von Energieinfrastrukturen und klimapolitischen Maßnahmen stellt einen wesentlichen Erfolgsfaktor für die Transformation des Energiesystems dar. Das folgende Kapitel beschreibt konzeptionelle Grundlagen bezüglich der Definition und Dimensionierung des Akzeptanzbegriffs sowie deren psychologische Grundlagen und beleuchtet relevante Einflussfaktoren auf die Akzeptanz von Energieinfrastrukturen wie Erneuerbaren Energien und dem Ausbau des Stromnetzes. Es werden Praxisbeispiele aus unterschiedlichen Anwendungsfeldern berichtet und konkrete Möglichkeiten diskutiert, auf lokaler Ebene akzeptable Lösungen zu erreichen, wobei die besondere Rolle einer konstruktiven Partizipationskultur für die Akzeptanz und die gesellschaftliche Transformation aufgezeigt wird.

Beschreibung: This chapter is a joint effort by natural and legal scientists to make the case for the dramatic consequences black carbon (BC) emissions mainly from outside the Arctic region have on the Arctic ecosystem, and how BC has recently become the specific focus of a regime complex. The authors provide scientific knowledge about the sources, pathways, and climate impacts of BC emissions, and stress the special relevance of possible near-immediate climate benefits from BC emission reduction in the Arctic. Further consideration is given to the crucial importance of the governance responses to these opportunities and challenges. Thus, the second part of the chapter critically discusses the status and prospects of current multilateral BC emission reduction efforts in the context of the Arctic Council, the International Maritime Organization, and the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution.

Beschreibung: The paper applies the concept of systemic risks to natural disasters, more precisely to the combination of natural and human-induced disasters. the paper highlights policy implications of these strategies and calls out for an integrated, inclusive and adaptive management approach for the systemic aspects of natural hazards.

Beschreibung: Der Text beruht auf unserem 2016 erschienenen Buch „Die Konsultative. Mehr Demokratie durch Bürgerbeteiligung“ (Berlin: Wagenbach Verlag). Dort wird das Konzept detailliert ausgeführt und belegt, weswegen wir hier auf Zitate und Bibliographie verzichten.

Beschreibung: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a fundamental component of all life on Earth. Due to the considerable increase in emissions, particularly industrial emissions, CO2has, however, become a waste product and greenhouse gas damaging to the climate and, consequently, a threat to both humanity and nature. For almost 50years, chemical research has been pursuing the idea of making the CO2 molecule useful as a raw material(Aresta and Dibenedetto 2010). Within the context of the oil crises of the 1970s, and contingent on the currentneed for climate protection, there has been a rise in global interest in the research and development oftechnologies which could make CO2 useful as a source of carbon. Several regions in Europe, but also in North America and Asia have started sponsorship programmes to support the development of such technologies (BMBF 2014, Climate-KIC 2014, U.S. Department of Energy [DOE] n.d.).The goal of these efforts is to integrate this climatedamaging gas in extremely diverse industrial productionprocesses as a raw material. The use of CO2 would not only allow for the production of useful raw materials and products, such technologies could alsoemulate a natural carbon cycle (Peters et al. 2011). At the same time, they have the potential to reduce the consumption of other fossil resources and, in so doing, they might not only contribute to the extension of the resource base, but also reduce missionswhilst providing protection for natural resources (von der Assen et al. 2013). Technological breakthroughs and advancements are currently observedin carbon capture technologies in the catalysis and transformation of CO2 (Aresta 2010, Mikkelsen et al. 2010, Peters et al. 2011, Styring et al. 2011, Wilcox 2012, Smit et al. 2014, Klankermayer and Leitner 2015), and the first innovative CO2-based productsare already coming onto the markets.

Beschreibung: Under its special initiative “One World, No Hunger” (SEWOH), the GermanFederal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) is prioritizingefforts to deliver food security and enhance the management of naturalresources. The protection and rehabilitation of agricultural land managed bysmallholder farmers are central to this dual agenda and form the objectives ofa GIZ programme implemented in five countries. Seeking to explore new formsof development cooperation, SEWOH mandated the Global Soil Forum (GSF)to accompany the work of the GIZ through transdisciplinary research. Theaccompanying research project focuses on the socio-economic and culturalfactors that constrain the uptake of sustainable land management (SLM) techniquesby smallholder farmers. The GSF’s approach stresses co-developmentand the pursuit of research themes with local partners, including researchers,policymakers, actors of development cooperation, civil society organisations,and farmers.

Beschreibung: Here we present the results of the demonstration tests that took place in Summer 2018 during the final months of the four-year Best Paths project. Details will be given on the assembly and finalizing of the demonstrator installation as well as the testing strategy defined for HVDC superconducting cables and adopted in the project. Some possibilities of installation within the electricity grids will also be discussed.

Beschreibung: Die Konferenz »Bits & Bäume« (2018 in Berlin) bot das bis dato größte Debattenforum für Digitalisierung und Nachhaltigkeit. Über 50 Autor*innen aus Tech-Szene, Nachhaltigkeitsbewegung und Entwicklungszusammenarbeit zeigen in diesem Buch zur Konferenz, wie die Digitalisierung den sozial-ökologischen Wandel voranbringen kann. Die Beiträge beleuchten die Auswirkungen unseres Digitalkonsums im Globalen Süden, den nachhaltigen Umgang mit Daten oder die Risiken und Potenziale eines digitalisierten Wirtschaftssystems. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei stets die drängende Frage: Welche Digitalisierung wollen wir? Die verschiedenen Antworten auf diese Frage machen deutlich: Eine zukunftsfähige Digitalisierung muss sich weniger an Interessen einzelner Wirtschaftsakteure, sondern am Gemeinwohl orientieren.

Beschreibung: Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) ist ein Grundbaustein allen Lebens auf der Erde. Mittlerweile ist CO2 jedochdurch den starken Anstieg vor allem industrieller Emissionen als klimaschädlicher Abfall und Treibhausgas zu einer Bedrohung für Menschheit und Natur geworden. Bereits seit fast 50 Jahren verfolgt die chemische Forschung die Idee, das Molekül CO2 als Rohstoff nutzbar zu machen (Aresta & Dibenedetto 2010). Im Kontext der Ölkrisen in den 1970er-Jahren und bedingt durch die Erfordernisse des aktuellen Klimaschutzes stieg weltweit das Interesse an der Erforschung und Entwicklung von Technologien, die CO2 als Kohlenstoffquelle nutzen könnten.Etliche Regionen in Europa, aber auch in Nordamerika und Asien haben Förderprogramme ins Leben gerufen, die solche Technologieentwicklungen unterstützen (BMBF 2013, Climate-KIC 2014, US DOE o. D.-b).Das Ziel dieser Bemühungen ist es, das klimaschädliche Gas als Rohstoff in ganz unterschiedliche industrielleProduktionsprozesse einzubinden. Hiermit könnten mithilfe von CO2 nicht nur nützliche Grundstoffe und Produkte hergestellt werden. Vielmehr imitieren diese Technologien auch einen natürlichen Kohlenstoffkreislauf (Peters et al. 2011). Gleichzeitighaben sie das Potenzial, den Verbrauch anderer fossiler Ressourcen zu verringern und somit möglicherweisenicht nur zur Erweiterung der Rohstoffbasis, sondern auch zur Schonung natürlicher Ressourcenund zur Emissionsverminderung beizutragen (von der Assen, Jung & Bardow 2013). Technologische Durchbrüche und Fortschritte sind derzeit sowohl in den Abscheidungstechnologien als auch in der Katalyse und Umwandlung von CO2 zu beobachten (Aresta 2010, Klankermayer & Leitner 2015, Mikkelsen, Jorgensen& Krebs 2010, Peters et al. 2011, Smit, Park & Gadikota 2014, Styring et al. 2011, Wilcox 2012). Erste neuartige CO2-basierte Produkte erreichen aktuelldie Märkte.

Beschreibung: Current efforts at the International Seabed Authority to develop regulations pertaining to the exploitation of deep seabed minerals would benefit from a moment of reflection on the future governance of these resources. As the Area and its resources have been declared a common heritage of mankind, this principle must be taken into account when designing the future governance of activities in the Area.

Beschreibung: In dem Discussion Paper werden die Bedingungen und Herausforderungen für den transformativen Forschungsansatz des IASS diskutiert.

Beschreibung: Die vier Kopernikus-Projekte zur Erforschung der Energiewende werden vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) gefördert und sind Ende 2016 angelaufen. Im Mittelpunkt des hier beschriebenen Kopernikus-Projekts ENavi steht die Roadsmap für eine systemisch verknüpfte Navigation in Richtung Energiewende. Dieser Statusbericht beschreibt die wesentlichen Ergebnisse. Vor allem die aus vielen Mosaiksteinen der 13 Arbeitspakete zusammengesetzten Collagen zu den drei Schwerpunktthemen liefern Einblicke in nachhaltige Strukturen und Anforderungen für Stromsystem, Wärmeversorgung und Mobilität.

Beschreibung: The second session on integrated ocean management was kicked-off by Sebastian Unger (IASS Potsdam). In his keynote presentation he highlighted the great political moment for moving towards integrated ocean governance, which could be even further advanced through (a) innovating instruments, (b) complementary strategies at national, regional and global scale, and (c) capacity-building and sustainable finance. In particular, he argued that the regional level could act as a broker for integration, as there are well-established institutions at regional level, where agreement can be reached more easily than at global level and which allows for a meaningful implementation of the ecosystem approach. In the discussion moderation by Management Board member Gert Verreet, discussants pointed out that in Europe, many of the institutions (e.g. at sea-basin level), instruments (e.g. Marine Spatial Planning) and commitment to integrated ocean management were already in place; however, a better implementation was necessary.

Beschreibung: In order to fulfill multiple sustainable development targets, most prominently human development, poverty eradication and climate change mitigation, African countries need infrastructure that cover basic needs while at the same time promote industrialization and value creation. G20 countries can support African countries by: (1) aligning and cementing the G20 Agenda for Africa with African initiatives, SDGs and the Paris Agreement, (2) mitigating economic risks of climate change through supporting low carbon development pathways in Africa, (3) incentivizing low carbon development by phasing out subsidies and eventually putting a price on carbon and (4) creating and enabling a level playing field for low carbon technologies, which includes integrated strategies for de-risking renewable energy investments.

Beschreibung: Sufficiency is one important strategy for sustainable development. At an individual level, we need a better understanding of the relationship between sufficiency attitude and CO2 footprint. In this paper, we analyze sufficiency as a psychological determinant of low-carbon lifestyles and introduce an empirical measurement scale for individual sufficiency attitudes. Sufficiency aims at a total reduction of resource consumption, which is urgently needed to achieve our climate and sustainable development goals. This paper explores individual attitude towards a sufficiency-oriented lifestyle as a driver of a low carbon footprint. Survey data of 310 participants was analyzed to test whether individual sufficiency attitude manifests in people’s carbon footprint. The results provide evidence for this relationship but its strength varies between behavioral domains ‐ that is, heating, electricity, food consumption, everyday mobility, air travel. Potential structural and individual barriers to reducing CO2 emissions are discussed as possible factors that could explain differences between the behavioral domains. We argue that intrapersonal factors matter for sustainable lifestyles but that policy-making and structural change should complement and facilitate voluntary endeavors to achieve low-carbon lifestyles.

Beschreibung: Various geoengineering technologies that would deliberately alter the climate system have been proposed as a way to alleviate risks of global warming. Technologies that would shield incoming sunlight to cool the planet, so called solar radiation management (SRM), are particularly controversial. Considering insights from social studies of simulation modeling and research on expectations in science and technology, I argue that climate modeling has a central role in producing visions of SRM. I draw upon an empirical analysis of scientific research on SRM to examine how a creative play with technological ideas becomes possible through climate modeling. This enables scientists to project and study environmental impacts of speculative SRM methods in virtual experiments and to develop and refine ideas for adjusting sunlight. Hence, while climate models are used to improve scientific understandings of climate system behavior and to anticipate possible environmental impacts of SRM, they also become inventive tools, allowing scientists to envision novel ways of climate control and optimization. Given the importance of simulation studies to knowledge production on SRM, I critically reflect on the challenges that arise when visions about an engineered climate future are first and foremost produced in climate simulations.

Beschreibung: Mit der Neuauflage der Deutschen Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie hat die Bundesregierung die Wissenschaft zur Bildung einer Plattform aufgefordert, die systematisch in die Steuerungs-, Dialog- und Umsetzungsprozesse der Agenda 2030 und somit die neue Nachhaltigkeitsarchitektur eingebunden ist. Träger der Plattform sind die internationalen wissenschaftlichen Netzwerke Sustainable Development Solutions Network Germany (SDSN Germany), das Deutsche Komitee für Nachhaltigkeitsforschung in Future Earth (DKN Future Earth) sowie das Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), das zusätzlich die Geschäftsstelle der Wissenschaftsplattform beherbergt. Die inhaltliche und operative Ausgestaltung der Arbeit der Plattform liegt in der Verantwortung des Lenkungskreises aus derzeit 26 Mitgliedern aus Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft und organisierter Zivilgesellschaft. Der Lenkungskreis formuliert das Arbeitsprogramm und initiiert Arbeitsprozesse sowie die Vernetzung mit weiteren Akteuren aus Wissenschaft, Politik, Wirtschaft und Zivilgesellschaft, um eine effektive wie auch repräsentative und international verankerte Plattform aufzubauen. Die Plattform wird auf Seiten der Bundesregierung von einem für alle Ressorts offenen Kreis begleitet, in dem zurzeit BMBF, BMUB, BMZ, BMEL sowie Bundeskanzleramt mitwirken. Die Wissenschaftsplattform Nachhaltigkeit 2030 wurde am 8. Mai 2017 mit der konstituierenden Sitzung ihres Lenkungskreises etabliert und im Rahmen des 13. BMBF-Forums für Nachhaltigkeit am 9. Mai 2017 der Öffentlichkeit vorgestellt.

Beschreibung: Tiếp cận điện năng là vô cùng cần thiết để thúc đẩy kinh tế và phát triển con người. Đây cũng là một động lực quan trọng cho phát triển kinh tế của mỗi quốc gia. Tiếp cận các dạng năng lượng hiện đại, đặc biệt là điện năng, thậm chí còn quan trọng hơn nữa đối với việc phát triển kinh tế-xã hội khu vực nông thôn (có trình độ phát triển cơ sở hạ tầng thấp hơn so với khu vực thành thị). “Điện khí hóa toàn diện” nhằm đạt được các mục tiêu phát triển kinh tế-xã hội (cũng như các mục tiêu phát triển bền vững (SDG)) của Việt Nam sẽ đòi hỏi mọi hộ dân, gia đình, cơ sở sản xuất nông nghiệp, doanh nghiệp địa phương và cộng đồng dân cư nông thôn đều được tiếp cận điện năng 24/7. Để đạt được mục tiêu này, Chính phủ Việt Nam đã tập trung chủ yếu vào việc tạo điều kiện tiếp cận điện năng cho người dân bằng cách mở rộng lưới điện quốc gia. Gần 98% hộ dân ở thành thị và nông thôn Việt Nam đều được điện khí hóa thông qua phương thức này. Tuy nhiên, việc tiếp cận điện năng của 2 % dân số còn lại, tập trung chủ yếu ở các khu vực có điều kiện địa hình không thuận lợi cho việc mở rộng lưới điện quốc gia vẫn còn là vấn đề kinh tế-kỹ thuật cần bàn luận. Để giải quyết vấn đề này, các cuộc thảo luận đã được tiến hành nhằm tìm hiểu xem liệu các giải pháp hệ thống năng lượng tái tạo độc lập có hiệu quả chi phí cao có thể hỗ trợ cho công cuộc điện khí hóa cho 2 % dân số còn lại hay không cũng như thúc đẩy phát triển kinh tế-xã hội hơn nữa cho nhóm người này.

Beschreibung: Wer eine CO2-Besteuerung fordert und gleichzeitig die Einkünfte zurück an die Bevölkerung geben will, statt sie zu investieren, schwächt die Wirkung des Instruments deutlich ab, argumentiert Johan Lilliestam vom Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) in Potsdam in seinem Standpunkt. Wirkungsvoller seien zum Beispiel Änderungen des Strommarktdesigns und Infrastrukturprogramme, um klimaneutralen Technologien den Aufbruch aus ihren Nischen zu ermöglichen.

Beschreibung: New energies form new energy landscapes (Apostol, Palmer, Pasqualetti, Smardon, & Sullivan, 2016; Gailing & Leibenath, 2013). Energy carriers converge within space and open up leeway and scope for design. Different spaces are affected: offshore and onshore, plains and mountains, waters, volcanic areas, coastal regions, deserts, etc. Different energy sources and types of technology are used and integrated through grids. Grids are increasingly governed as smart energy systems equipped with smart meters and apps etc., linked with smart mobility.

Beschreibung: With our attitudes and behavior, which aim at promoting sustainable behavior, we face a temporal dilemma – a temporal conflict between short-term and long-term interests. Accordingly, psychological time is an essential variable in understanding how people decide between options of short-term self-interest, which can be experienced at present, and long-term common interest, such as sustainable development with an outcome that lies far in the future. Present feelings are often so powerful that considerations of future events are neglected. Individuals differ in their emphasis on present and future dimensions. A stronger future orientation and a mindful present orientation are positive predictors of sustainable behavior; hedonistic and impulsive present orientations are negative predictors. We discuss the concept of the balanced time perspective as the propensity to consciously switch among the time orientations of past, present, and future. Fitting with their overall psychological profile, individuals with a balanced time perspective might display a range of sustainable attitudes and behaviors.

Beschreibung: Die deutsche Energiewende wird in dem Beitrag als umkämpfter Prozess interpretiert. Mittels einer politökonomischen Analyseperspektive werden die komplexen Artikulationsverhältnisse von ökonomischen Entwicklungen, zivilgesellschaftlichen Auseinandersetzungen und staatlichen Politiken analysiert. Das zentrale Argument des Beitrags ist, dass in den letzten Jahren die Dynamiken hin zu einem regenerativen Energieregime im Strombereich abgebremst wurden. Damit hat sich der Charakter der Energiewende von einem stark umkämpften, bestehende Macht- und Herrschaftsverhältnisse in Frage stellenden Prozess hin zu einem Prozess des geordneten, im Rahmen des auf Exportmärkte ausgerichteten deutschen Modells eines „Koordinierten Kapitalismus“ verbleibenden Übergangs verschoben. Im Verkehrsbereich hingegen ist die Dominanz fossiler Energieträger ungebrochen. Die Potentiale und Restriktionen des Wandels hin zu einem post-fossilen Mobilitätsregime sind zu berücksichtigen, um ein umfassenderes Bild der Energietransformation zu zeichnen.

Beschreibung: The article interprets the German “Energiewende” as a contested process. The complex articulation of economic developments, civil society disputes and state policies are analyzed from a political-economy perspective. The central argument is that in recent years the dynamics towards a renewable energy regime in the electricity sector have been slowed down. This is accompanied by a shift of the character of the “Energiewende” from a highly contested process of questioning existing power structures to a process of an orderly and gradual transition, remaining within the framework of the German model of “Coordinated Capitalism”, which is geared towards export markets. In the transport sector, however, the dominance of fossil fuels remains unchanged. In order to draw a comprehensive picture of the energy transformation, the potentials and restrictions of the transformation towards a post-fossil mobility regime are discussed.

Beschreibung: The files include results to out study investigating the possibility for renewable electricity autarky in Europe. For each administrative unit on the continental, national, regional, and municipal levels these files include: * Name, country, population, current electricity demand, land cover statistics, shared coast with exclusive economic zone * Potential in terms of area [km2], installable capacity [MW], annual electricity yield [TWh]

Beschreibung: This paper proposes “making refuge” as a conceptual placeholder and an analytical rubric, a guiding ethos and praxis, for the engaged Buddhist aspiration of responding to the social, political, economic, and planetary crises facing the world. Making refuge is conceived as the work of building the conditions of trust and safety necessary for living and dying well together as co-inhabitants of diverse communities and habitats. The paper will explain the rationale for making refuge by connecting the dharmic understanding of dukkha with feminist conceptualizations of the body and vulnerability. This will chart some theoretical and methodological pathways for engaged Buddhism to further its liberatory aspirations in reciprocity with emergent movements in radical critical theory, contemplative studies, and social and ecological activism. The paper will also examine the effects of white supremacy in U.S. Buddhism through the framework of making refuge. This will demonstrate how political healing and restorative justice might be cultivated through a dispositional ethics that pays appropriate attention to the vulnerabilities facing oppressed people.

Beschreibung: US-Präsident Donald Trump möchte mit seinem „America First EnergyPlan“ die Wirtschaft ankurbeln, Arbeitsplätze schaffen und unabhängig von Energieimportenwerden. Durch einen neuen Fokus auf die Förderung fossiler Energieträger vollziehtTrump eine Abkehr von der Klima- und Energiepolitik der Obama-Administration.Die Wende hin zu einer nachhaltigeren Energieversorgung kann der Präsident so nichtaufhalten. Doch seine Energieagenda stellt durchaus ein Risiko für Klimaschutz und Wirtschaftdar. Sie hat Auswirkungen auf Forschung, Entwicklung und Investitionen im Bereicherneuerbare Energietechnologien und bedeutet eine Distanzierung von der internationalenGemeinschaft im Klimaschutz. US-Staaten wie Kalifornien verbleiben als Hoffnungsträgerfür die amerikanische Energiewende. Doch ihre Ambitionen werden sich noch immenssteigern müssen, um internationale Klimaschutzziele zu verwirklichen.

Beschreibung: The BEST PATHS project is focused on the development and demonstration of grid equipment suitable for bulk power transmission across Europe. This work summarises the different cable conductor designs envisioned during the first 2.5 years of the superconducting demonstrator, taking benefit of the improved performance of MgB2 wires produced by Columbus Superconductors. The results of extensive validation tests carried out at CERN on two cables manufactured by Nexans are also presented.

Beschreibung: Mit den im September 2015 von den Vereinten Nationen verabschiedeten Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) der Agenda 2030 wurden erstmals soziale und ökologische Nachhaltigkeitsziele systematisch verknüpft. Bei den sozialen Nachhaltigkeitszielen wurden ebenfalls erstmals auch die Industrieländer zum Adressaten und nicht ausschließlich die sogenannten Entwicklungsländer. Inwieweit verändern sich jedoch soziale und vor allem sozialpolitische Modernisierungsziele im Kontext der Nachhaltigkeitsperspektive? Lässt sich überhaupt von Sozialer Nachhaltigkeit sprechen und wenn ja, was ist damit genau gemeint? Genügen die unter dem Begriff sozial-ökologische Forschung und Politik formulierten Fragestellungen den komplexen Anforderungen der SDG und eines Programms zur Sozialen Nachhaltigkeit? Da hier berechtigte Zweifel bestehen, beauftragte das IASS im Sommer 2016 das ISÖ mit einer Studie zu 〉Soziale Nachhaltigkeit. Konzept und Operationalisierung〈, die im Frühjahr 2017 unter dem Titel 〉Soziale Nachhaltigkeit. Auf dem Weg zur Internalisierungsgesellschaft〈 im oekom Verlag erschien. Das gemeinsam von IASS und ISÖ am 2. November 2017 in Potsdam veranstaltete Symposium lotete anlässlich der Studie und ihrer Buchveröffentlichung die wissenschaftlichen und politischen Perspektiven des Konzepts Soziale Nachhaltigkeit aus. Diese Veröffentlichung enthält die zur Vorbereitung des Symposiums erstellten Beiträge.

Beschreibung: Lumbini, in southern Nepal, is a UNESCO world heritage site of universal value as the birthplace of Buddha. Poor air quality in Lumbini and surrounding regions is a great concern for public health as well as for preservation, protection and promotion of Buddhist heritage and culture. We present here results from measurements of ambient concentrations of key air pollutants (PM, BC, CO, O3) in Lumbini, first of its kind for Lumbini, conducted during an intensive measurement period of 3 months (April–June 2013) in the pre-monsoon season. The measurements were carried out as a part of the international air pollution measurement campaign; SusKat-ABC (Sustainable Atmosphere for the Kathmandu Valley – Atmospheric Brown Clouds). The main objective of this work is to understand and document the level of air pollution, diurnal characteristics and influence of open burning on air quality in Lumbini. The hourly average concentrations during the entire measurement campaign ranged as follows: BC was 0.3–30.0 µg m−3, PM1 was 3.6–197.6 µg m−3, PM2. 5 was 6.1–272.2 µg m−3, PM10 was 10.5–604.0 µg m−3, O3 was 1.0–118.1 ppbv and CO was 125.0–1430.0 ppbv. These levels are comparable to other very heavily polluted sites in South Asia. Higher fraction of coarse-mode PM was found as compared to other nearby sites in the Indo-Gangetic Plain region. The ΔBC ∕ ΔCO ratio obtained in Lumbini indicated considerable contributions of emissions from both residential and transportation sectors. The 24 h average PM2. 5 and PM10 concentrations exceeded the WHO guideline very frequently (94 and 85 % of the sampled period, respectively), which implies significant health risks for the residents and visitors in the region. These air pollutants exhibited clear diurnal cycles with high values in the morning and evening. During the study period, the worst air pollution episodes were mainly due to agro-residue burning and regional forest fires combined with meteorological conditions conducive of pollution transport to Lumbini. Fossil fuel combustion also contributed significantly, accounting for more than half of the ambient BC concentration according to aerosol spectral light absorption coefficients obtained in Lumbini. WRF-STEM, a regional chemical transport model, was used to simulate the meteorology and the concentrations of pollutants to understand the pollutant transport pathways. The model estimated values were ∼ 1. 5 to 5 times lower than the observed concentrations for CO and PM10, respectively. Model-simulated regionally tagged CO tracers showed that the majority of CO came from the upwind region of Ganges Valley. Model performance needs significant improvement in simulating aerosols in the region. Given the high air pollution level, there is a clear and urgent need for setting up a network of long-term air quality monitoring stations in the greater Lumbini region.

Beschreibung: Surface ozone is a secondary air pollutant produced during the atmospheric photochemical degradation of emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Temperature directly influences ozone production through speeding up the rates of chemical reactions and increasing the emissions of VOCs, such as isoprene, from vegetation. In this study, we used an idealised box model with different chemical mechanisms (Master Chemical Mechanism, MCMv3.2; Common Representative Intermediates, CRIv2; Model for OZone and Related Chemical Tracers, MOZART-4; Regional Acid Deposition Model, RADM2; Carbon Bond Mechanism, CB05) to examine the non-linear relationship between ozone, NOx and temperature, and we compared this to previous observational studies. Under high-NOx conditions, an increase in ozone from 20 to 40 °C of up to 20 ppbv was due to faster reaction rates, while increased isoprene emissions added up to a further 11 ppbv of ozone. The largest inter-mechanism differences were obtained at high temperatures and high-NOx emissions. CB05 and RADM2 simulated more NOx-sensitive chemistry than MCMv3.2, CRIv2 and MOZART-4, which could lead to different mitigation strategies being proposed depending on the chemical mechanism. The increased oxidation rate of emitted VOC with temperature controlled the rate of Ox production; the net influence of peroxy nitrates increased net Ox production per molecule of emitted VOC oxidised. The rate of increase in ozone mixing ratios with temperature from our box model simulations was about half the rate of increase in ozone with temperature observed over central Europe or simulated by a regional chemistry transport model. Modifying the box model set-up to approximate stagnant meteorological conditions increased the rate of increase of ozone with temperature as the accumulation of oxidants enhanced ozone production through the increased production of peroxy radicals from the secondary degradation of emitted VOCs. The box model simulations approximating stagnant conditions and the maximal ozone production chemical regime reproduced the 2 ppbv increase in ozone per degree Celsius from the observational and regional model data over central Europe. The simulated ozone–temperature relationship was more sensitive to mixing than the choice of chemical mechanism. Our analysis suggests that reductions in NOx emissions would be required to offset the additional ozone production due to an increase in temperature in the future.

Beschreibung: This study analyses the employment impacts of different plans for expanding electricity generation in South Africa’s power sector; this was carried out in the context of the COBENEFITS1 project with the aim of assessing the co-benefits of a low-carbon energy transition in the country. Four scenarios for the future development of the electricity sector in South Africa were analysed: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Least Cost planning scenario (CSIR_LC); Department of Environmental Affairs Rapid Decarbonisation scenario (DEA_RD); Integrated Resource Plan 2016 (IRP 2016); and Integrated Resource Plan Policy Adjusted scenario 2018 (IRP 2018).

Beschreibung: Die industrielle Produktion durchläuft aktuell einen erheblichen Transformationsprozess, ermöglicht durch die rasante Entwicklung der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien. Welche Rolle spielt die Industrie 4.0. für eine sozial-ökologische Entwicklung?

Beschreibung: Soll die Energiewende gelingen, muss jeder Einzelne einen Beitrag leisten. Privathaushalte müssen nicht nur Energie sparen, sondern ihren Verbrauch künftig auch stärker an die schwankende Einspeisung aus Wind- und Solarenergie anpassen. Eine Arbeitsgruppe des Akademienprojekts „Energiesysteme der Zukunft“ (ESYS) hat untersucht, wie sich Verbraucher motivieren lassen, ihr Verhalten dauerhaft zu ändern und ihren Energiebedarf zu reduzieren. Die Stellungnahme „Verbraucherpolitik für die Energiewende“ fasst die Ergebnisse zusammen. Ein zentrales Element sind zielgruppengerechte, gut verständliche Informationen und Beratungsangebote. Auch sogenannte „Nudges“ (sanfte „Stupser“) können Privathaushalte anregen, Energie nachhaltiger zu nutzen. Sieht man etwa auf der Stromrechnung, dass die Nachbarn im Durchschnitt weniger verbrauchen als man selbst, kann das zu sparsamerem Verhalten motivieren. Da es für Deutschland bisher wenige Studien zum „Nudging“ gibt, sollte die Wirksamkeit dieser Methode jedoch weiter erforscht werden. Beteiligen sich Verbraucher am Lastmanagement, tragen sie dazu bei, die schwankende Stromversorgung aus Wind und Sonne auszugleichen. Ein geeignetes Mittel wären zum Beispiel Lieferverträge mit dynamischer Preisgestaltung: Ist viel Strom im Netz, sinken die Preise, bei einem Engpass steigen sie. Voraussetzung dafür wäre eine intelligente Steuerungstechnik sowie die Bereitschaft der Verbraucher, einige ihrer Geräte wie Stromzähler und Kühlsysteme von außen „fernsteuern“ zu lassen. Mit Apps könnten sie zudem nicht nur ihren Stromverbrauch, sondern auch ihren Wärmebedarf bequem selbst anpassen und dadurch Energie sparen.

Beschreibung: PAH concentrations were measured in total suspended particle (TSP) samples collected from six sites along two south-north transects across the central Himalayas from April 2013 to March 2014. The annual average TSP and PAH (especially 5- and 6-ring compounds) concentrations were found to decrease noticeably northwards along both transects. At rural and urban sites, the TSP and PAH concentrations showed clear seasonal variations, with the lower concentrations around the mid-monsoon season and the higher values in the winter season. Meanwhile, at the remote sites (e.g., Nyalam and Zhongba), these pollutants generally remained constant throughout the year but with relatively higher levels during the pre-monsoon season. Both IndP/(IndP + BghiP) and Fla/(Fla + Pyr) ratios suggested that atmospheric PAHs from urban and rural sites were mainly associated with emissions from biomass burning, coal burning and petroleum combustion. However, the contribution of biomass burning increased at remote sites. Similar compositions of PAHs were found at three remote sites located on both sides of the Himalayas (Jomsom, Zhongba, and Nyalam), suggesting that the northern side of the Himalayas may be affected by anthropogenic emissions from the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) via long-range atmospheric transport. This work provides a database of PAHs in central Himalayas for further assessing environmental risk of air pollution in the remote regions.

Beschreibung: This policy brief makes three recommendations for strengthening international cooperation in support of a global energy transition.

Beschreibung: Known as "the Third Pole" (TP), the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding mountains hold the largest aggregate of glaciers outside the pole regions. Recent monitoring and projection indicated an accelerated glacier decline and increasing glacier runoff. The long-range transport of South Asian atmospheric pollutants, including light absorbing impurities (LAIs) such as black carbon (BC) and mineral dust (MD), can absorb the solar radiation in the atmosphere and reduce albedo after being deposited onto the cryosphere, thereby promoting glacier and snow melt. A coordinated atmospheric pollution monitoring network has been launched covering the TP with emphasis on trans-Himalayan transects since 2013. TSP were collected for 24h at an interval of 3-6 days. BC/OC, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were measured. Results reveal a consistent decrease in almost all analyzed parameters from south to north across the Himalayas. Geochemical signatures of carbonaceous aerosols indicate dominant sources of biomass burning and vehicle exhaust, in line with results of PAHs. Integrated analysis of satellite images and air mass trajectories suggest that the trans-boundary air pollution occurred episodically and concentrated in pre-monsoon seasons via upper air circulation, through-valley wind, and local convection. Simulation results showed that carbonaceous aerosols produced positive/negative shortwave radiative forcing in the atmosphere/ground surface. Aerosols increased surface air temperatures by 0.1-0.5℃ over the TP and decreased temperatures in South Asia during the monsoon season. Surface snow/ice samples were collected from benchmark glaciers to estimate the impacts of LAIs on glacier melt with model assistance. BC (37%) and MD (32%) contribute to the summer melting of Laohugou Glacier in the northern TP. MD (38%) contributed more glacier melt than BC (11%) on Zhadang Glacier in the southern TP. In the southeastern TP, BC and MD contribute to 30% of the total glacier melt, up to 350 mm w.e. yr-1. The monitoring network and ongoing studies point to trans-boundary pollution as an increasing stressor for the TP environment, and highlighted the link between atmospheric pollution and cryospheric changes as well as other surface ecosystems over high mountain regions.

Beschreibung: The "Berlin Air quality and Ecosystem Research: Local and long-range Impact of anthropogenic and Natural hydrocarbons" (BAERLIN2014) campaign was conducted during the 3 summer months (June–August) of 2014. During this measurement campaign, both stationary and mobile measurements were undertaken to address complementary aims. This paper provides an overview of the stationary measurements and results that were focused on characterization of gaseous and particulate pollution, including source attribution, in the Berlin–Potsdam area, and quantification of the role of natural sources in determining levels of ozone and related gaseous pollutants. Results show that biogenic contributions to ozone and particulate matter are substantial. One indicator for ozone formation, the OH reactivity, showed a 31 % (0.82 ± 0.44 s−1) and 75 % (3.7 ± 0.90 s−1) contribution from biogenic non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) for urban background (2.6 ± 0.68 s−1) and urban park (4.9 ± 1.0 s−1) location, respectively, emphasizing the importance of such locations as sources of biogenic NMVOCs in urban areas. A comparison to NMVOC measurements made in Berlin approximately 20 years earlier generally show lower levels today for anthropogenic NMVOCs. A substantial contribution of secondary organic and inorganic aerosol to PM10 concentrations was quantified. In addition to secondary aerosols, source apportionment analysis of the organic carbon fraction identified the contribution of biogenic (plant-based) particulate matter, as well as primary contributions from vehicles, with a larger contribution from diesel compared to gasoline vehicles, as well as a relatively small contribution from wood burning, linked to measured levoglucosan.

Beschreibung: Humans have a long history of mobility on a spectrum from voluntary migration to forced displacement in response to social, political and environmental change. While many migration drivers exist, climate change is likely to amplify the environmental drivers of migration. At least 1.5°C of warming above pre-industrial levels between 2030 and 2052 are projected if global warming continues to increase at the current rate. The associated impacts are diverse and include temperature and precipitation extremes in most inhabited regions and increased probability of drought and flood. Migration can be an important and useful adaptive response to climate impacts when it increases household resilience and reduces socio-economic vulnerabilities, and yet can also have negative health consequences. The climate–migration–health nexus entails complex interactions including the following: first, climate-related risks to health faced by migrants at all stages of the migration journey. Second, the impacts of migration itself on health with possible specific health implications of climate-related migration. This article provides a brief overview of climate-related migration, identifies climate hotspots where substantial migration and displacement are anticipated and explores the health implications of climate-related migration.

Beschreibung: This volume explores the governance of the transforming Arctic from an international perspective. Leading and emerging scholars in Arctic research investigate the international causes and consequences of contemporary Arctic developments, and assess how both state and non-state actors respond to crucial problems for the global community. Long treated as a remote and isolated region, climate change and economic prospects have put the Arctic at the forefront of political agendas from the local to the global level, and this book tackles the variety of involved actors, institutional politics, relevant policy issues, as well as political imaginaries related to a globalizing Arctic. It covers new institutional forms of various stakeholder engagement on multiple levels, governance strategies to combat climate change that affect the Arctic region sooner and more strongly than other regions, the pros and cons of Arctic resource development for the region and beyond, and local and trans-boundary pollution concerns. Given the growing relevance of the Arctic to international environmental, energy and security politics, the volume helps to explain how the region is governed in times of global nexuses, multi-level politics and multi-stakeholderism.

Beschreibung: This paper discusses proposals for tabular standards in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In particular, we focus on Keynes’ proposal for an international tabular standard (ITS) as the gold standard unravelled in the 1930s. The paper explains the origins of Keynes’ ITS proposal which pegged the value of an international reserve to a broad index of primary commodities, weighted in terms of their value in world production. We argue that the ITS should be viewed as an important and enduring component of Keynes’ ideal long-run vision for anchoring the international monetary system, even post-Bretton Woods.

Beschreibung: Im internationalen Umfeld werden Ausschreibungen zunehmend als Förderinstrument für erneuerbare Energiengenutzt. In dieser Fallstudie analysieren wir die brasilianischen Erfahrungen mit Ausschreibungen fürWindenergie im Zeitraum von 2009 bis 2015 hinsichtlich der Entwicklung der Auktionspreise, der Realisierungsratenund der Marktkonzentration. Methodisch liegen der Fallstudie eigene Daten- und Literaturanalysensowie Experteninterviews zugrunde.Die inflationsbereinigten Auktionspreise sind bis Ende 2012 um fast 50 % zurückgegangen und anschließendwieder auf fast 90 % des Preises der ersten Runde angestiegen. Die Preisrückgänge sind auf die zunehmendeErfahrung der Akteure und den steigenden Wettbewerb bei Projektierern, Investoren und Turbinenherstellernzurückzuführen. Beim Preisanstieg haben sowohl regulatorische Änderungen, beispielsweise eine Modifikationder Netzanschlussbedingungen, als auch externe Faktoren, zum Beispiel der Wertverlust des BrasilianischenReal gegenüber dem US-Dollar, eine Rolle gespielt.Nur 14 % der Windprojekte aus den ersten acht Ausschreibungsrunden sind fristgerecht realisiert worden.Als Ursachen werden ein verspäteter Netzanschluss, Verzögerungen bei Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfungen,Lieferengpässe bei Windenergieanlagen, die Insolvenz des Windturbinenherstellers IMPSA, verspätete Finanzierungszusagendurch die Brasilianische Entwicklungsbank BNDES und schlechtes Projektmanagement genannt.Die Anzahl der Projektabbrüche ist jedoch bis dato gering, sodass eine finale Realisierungsrate zwischen89 % und 98 % wahrscheinlich ist.Die Anzahl der Eigentümer von Windenergieprojekten ist von 16 auf 49 Akteure gestiegen. Der Marktanteil dergrößten fünf Eigentümer ist von knapp 60 % auf 37 % zurückgegangen. Das Verhältnis von präqualifizierter zubezuschlagter Leistung lag stets über fünf und der Herfindahl-Index deutet auf einen unkonzentrierten Markthin. Daraus lässt sich ableiten, dass ausreichend Wettbewerb für eine freie Preisbildung im Markt besteht. Beiden Eigentümern handelt es sich im Wesentlichen um große, finanzstarke Projektierer, Energieversorger oderInvestmentgesellschaften.Schlussfolgerungen aus den beschriebenen Erfahrungen:1. Die Auktionspreise sind stark von Faktoren außerhalb des Förderinstruments Ausschreibungen abhängig.2. Die Auktionspreise können trotz starken Wettbewerbs steigen.3. Viele externe Faktoren können die fristgerechte Realisierung der Projekte verhindern.4. Die Realisierungsdauer der bezuschlagten Projekte kann durch das Ausschreibungsdesign beeinflusst werden.5. Das Ausmaß von Projektabbrüchen in Brasilien wurde bisher überschätzt.6. Es herrscht ausreichend Wettbewerb für eine freie Preisbildung am brasilianischen Windenergiemarkt.7. Der brasilianische Windenergiemarkt besteht weitgehend aus großen, finanzstarken Akteuren.

Beschreibung: In four short meditations, approaches to time and the future are explored through both a time and futures lens. A compressed poetic form of expression is used to distil the essence of the processes involved. The shapes emerge in the writing and once discernable they begin to guide the choice of words. Theory becomes a playful activity that draws on a deep and extensive pool of time theory. The first meditation expresses the difficulty for conventional social science to engage with the future. The second depicts temporal relations of modernity that encompass features shared by humanity across the ages. The third piece explores time encoded in nature, money and society. The last meditation engages with approaches to sustainability and indicates the significant differences that arise with the respective standpoints of the present future and future present. It closes the circle back to the first meditation on disciplinary challenges presented by the temporal and engagement with future presents.

Beschreibung: Partnering for a Sustainable Ocean: The Role of Regional Ocean Governance in ImplementingSDG14 highlights the major role that regional ocean governance can play in theimplementation of SDG14. It assesses the mandates of different regional frameworks, showcasesexisting regional efforts contributing to the specific targets underpinning SDG14, andidentifies key contributions that regional initiatives can make to the overarching challengesof the 2030 Agenda. AcknowledgementsKey messages1. Regional cooperations are is essential for ocean sustainabilityRegional approaches to ocean governance make it possible for States and stakeholders tocooperate at an ecosystem scale and work together across sectors and national boundaries.2. Most of the SDG14 targets can be addressed through regional initiativesRegional approaches and instruments can play a key role in meeting most of the SDG14 targets,with particular relevance in the areas of marine pollution, sustainable ocean management,fisheries, conservation, and economic benefits for Small Island Developing States and LeastDeveloped Countries.3. Regional ocean governance is a driver for the development of integrated approachesRegional approaches can help advance ocean governance by bringing all relevant actorstogether, taking the interdependencies among SDG14 targets into account, and providingco-benefits for the other SDGs.4. Regional ocean governance efforts require greater support to overcome gaps and institutionalweaknesses.Regional cooperation is key to the success of SDG14 and the 2030 Agenda, and should befurther strengthened, including through capacity building and the development of regionalpartnerships.

Beschreibung: This chapter explores aspects of the relationship between the financial system and resource industries, starting with general criteria for sound investment and an overview of the various materials and resources that need to be distinguished. To this end, the focus is first placed on fossil energy commodities that do not lend themselves to management in a circular economy, before the metals and mining sector and its regulation are presented. The global transformation of energy systems presents an opportunity to phase out a non-circular industry and replace it with one that is characterised less by commodities for consumption and more by commodities for the manufacture of energy conversion equipment and durable investment goods. Combining the energy and mineral resource industries, the impact of the decline of fossil energy industries is discussed, including the implications for international trade, economic activity, public finance and the financial sector. The chapter concludes with the general argument that the financial system is affected by changes in the resource industries and their shift to a circular economy, and that it can facilitate that shift if the political, legal and regulatory framework is right. Finally, a suite of criteria for investment in support of resource sector transformation and the circular economy is proposed.

Beschreibung: This report is intended to provide a review of the relevant governance frameworks currently in place for the management of high seas biodiversity in these regions. The report uses the issues under discussion in the ongoing negotiations for a new legally binding BBNJ agreement under the United Nations, as well as selected Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 targets, as a lens through which to assess progress towards conservation and sustainable use.

Beschreibung: In recent years, manifold ways to deal with the ecological crisis are subsumed under the header “transition/ transformation to sustainability” or even “Great” transformation. This chapter critically discusses the current debate from the perspective of a Polanyian understanding of a Great Transformation. The authors argue that the current debate suffers from a narrow analytical approach to transformation ignoring the dynamics of global capitalism and the power relations involved. Thus, a “new critical orthodoxy” of knowledge about transformation is emerging which runs the danger of contributing to ecologizing capitalism while ignoring the root causes of social-ecological crises. Based on Polanyi, but also on regulation theory, the authors distinguish between three types of transformation which focus either on an adaptation of the current institutional systems or on a new phase of green capitalism. Beside these two types, however, a post-capitalist Great Transformation requires more profound structural changes and exceeds the accumulation imperative as much as other structural constraints of capitalist development.

Beschreibung: Deutschland soll international mehr Verantwortung übernehmen – an dieser Forderung muss sich die deutsche Politik neu ausrichten. Die neue Agenda heißt: Außen-, Entwicklungs- und Sicherheitspolitik gemeinsam denken. Denn nur nachhaltige Entwicklung schafft die Grundlagen für Stabilität und Sicherheit über nationale Grenzen hinweg. Das zeigt sich seit der Flüchtlingskrise stärker denn je. Die Bekämpfung der Fluchtursachen macht deutlich, wie anspruchsvoll und notwendig die neue außenpolitische Verantwortung Deutschlands ist.Dieses Buch präsentiert Beiträge der wichtigsten Köpfe aus Politik, Wissenschaft und Praxis, liefert interessante Lesestücke zu brisanten Themen und gibt klare Handlungsempfehlungen an die Politik. Pflichtlektüre für alle, die über Deutschlands Grenzen hinaus denken.

Beschreibung: The world going low carbon is believed to put an end to petrostates, and to force incumbent oil producers to diversify their economies away from fossil fuels. This article challenges this assumption. Whether petrostates are in for the long game or end up with a ‘panic and pump’ strategy, it is argued, is a function of the lifting costs and the social costs of producing oil. What is more, the low‐carbon energy transition may well throw petrostates an additional lifeline, as fast decarbonizing OECD countries will shed some of their most energy‐intensive sectors, including refineries and petrochemicals, which opens up new export opportunities. Particularly for Middle Eastern petrostates it may therefore be very rational to further specialize in the high‐carbon segment. The policy challenge, therefore, will be twofold: managing a rapidly changing energy system in order to secure the transformation dividends it will bring, for human security and economic welfare; and balancing the (geo) political after pains of the incumbent fuels leaving the system.