Publication Date:
2010-12-15
Description:
Powdery mildews are phytopathogens whose growth and reproduction are entirely dependent on living plant cells. The molecular basis of this life-style, obligate biotrophy, remains unknown. We present the genome analysis of barley powdery mildew, Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Blumeria), as well as a comparison with the analysis of two powdery mildews pathogenic on dicotyledonous plants. These genomes display massive retrotransposon proliferation, genome-size expansion, and gene losses. The missing genes encode enzymes of primary and secondary metabolism, carbohydrate-active enzymes, and transporters, probably reflecting their redundancy in an exclusively biotrophic life-style. Among the 248 candidate effectors of pathogenesis identified in the Blumeria genome, very few (less than 10) define a core set conserved in all three mildews, suggesting that most effectors represent species-specific adaptations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spanu, Pietro D -- Abbott, James C -- Amselem, Joelle -- Burgis, Timothy A -- Soanes, Darren M -- Stuber, Kurt -- Ver Loren van Themaat, Emiel -- Brown, James K M -- Butcher, Sarah A -- Gurr, Sarah J -- Lebrun, Marc-Henri -- Ridout, Christopher J -- Schulze-Lefert, Paul -- Talbot, Nicholas J -- Ahmadinejad, Nahal -- Ametz, Christian -- Barton, Geraint R -- Benjdia, Mariam -- Bidzinski, Przemyslaw -- Bindschedler, Laurence V -- Both, Maike -- Brewer, Marin T -- Cadle-Davidson, Lance -- Cadle-Davidson, Molly M -- Collemare, Jerome -- Cramer, Rainer -- Frenkel, Omer -- Godfrey, Dale -- Harriman, James -- Hoede, Claire -- King, Brian C -- Klages, Sven -- Kleemann, Jochen -- Knoll, Daniela -- Koti, Prasanna S -- Kreplak, Jonathan -- Lopez-Ruiz, Francisco J -- Lu, Xunli -- Maekawa, Takaki -- Mahanil, Siraprapa -- Micali, Cristina -- Milgroom, Michael G -- Montana, Giovanni -- Noir, Sandra -- O'Connell, Richard J -- Oberhaensli, Simone -- Parlange, Francis -- Pedersen, Carsten -- Quesneville, Hadi -- Reinhardt, Richard -- Rott, Matthias -- Sacristan, Soledad -- Schmidt, Sarah M -- Schon, Moritz -- Skamnioti, Pari -- Sommer, Hans -- Stephens, Amber -- Takahara, Hiroyuki -- Thordal-Christensen, Hans -- Vigouroux, Marielle -- Wessling, Ralf -- Wicker, Thomas -- Panstruga, Ralph -- BB/E0009831/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E002803/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/H001948/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1543-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1194573.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK. p.spanu@imperial.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Adaptation, Physiological
;
Ascomycota/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism/pathogenicity
;
Carbohydrate Metabolism
;
Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism
;
Enzymes/genetics/metabolism
;
Evolution, Molecular
;
Fungal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
;
*Gene Deletion
;
*Genes, Fungal
;
*Genome, Fungal
;
Hordeum/*microbiology
;
Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
;
Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics
;
Molecular Sequence Annotation
;
Plant Diseases/*microbiology
;
Retroelements
;
Sequence Analysis, DNA
;
Species Specificity
Print ISSN:
0036-8075
Electronic ISSN:
1095-9203
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Computer Science
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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