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  • Articles  (230)
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  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (230)
  • Rats  (121)
  • Female  (106)
  • Cloning, Molecular  (27)
  • 1980-1984  (230)
  • 1984  (230)
  • Biology  (230)
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  • 1980-1984  (230)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1984-12-21
    Description: Smell identification ability was measured in 1955 persons ranging in age from 5 to 99 years. On the average, women outperformed men at all ages, and nonsmokers outperformed smokers. Peak performance occurred in the third through fifth decades and declined markedly after the seventh. More than half of those 65 to 80 years old evidenced major olfactory impairment. After 80 years, more than three-quarters evidenced major impairment. Given these findings, it is not surprising that many elderly persons complain that food lacks flavor and that the elderly account for a disproportionate number of accidental gas poisoning cases each year.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doty, R L -- Shaman, P -- Applebaum, S L -- Giberson, R -- Siksorski, L -- Rosenberg, L -- NS 16265/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 21;226(4681):1441-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6505700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sensory Thresholds ; Sex Factors ; Smell/*physiology ; Smoking
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1984-12-21
    Description: In the neocortices and amygdalae of young and aged macaques, cholinergic axons were identified by means of a monoclonal antibody to bovine choline acetyltransferase. Many fine, linear, immunoreactive profiles were seen in these animals. In the older animals, some cholinergic axons showed multifocal enlargements along their course. In some instances, neurites with choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity were associated with deposits of amyloid (visualized with thioflavin T fluorescence). The appearance of these amyloid-associated abnormal cholinergic processes was similar to that of neurites in senile plaques, as shown by conventional silver impregnation techniques. Cholinergic systems thus give rise to some of the neurites within senile plaques.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kitt, C A -- Price, D L -- Struble, R G -- Cork, L C -- Wainer, B H -- Becher, M W -- Mobley, W C -- NS 07179/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 10580/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 15721/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 21;226(4681):1443-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6505701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Amygdala/enzymology/*pathology ; Amyloid/analysis ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Axons/enzymology ; Cerebral Cortex/enzymology/*pathology ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Nerve Endings/enzymology ; Parasympathetic Nervous System/enzymology/*pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1984-12-21
    Description: Fetal raphe cells transplanted into the hypothalamus reversed facilitation of feminine sexual behavior in rats with brain lesions induced by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. Immunocytochemical and chemical analyses of serotonin indicate that reinnervation of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus by the transplants is associated with behavioral recovery. The findings suggest that transplanted fetal tissue can exert functional regulation over an innate, complex, hormone-dependent behavior in adult rats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luine, V N -- Renner, K J -- Frankfurt, M -- Azmitia, E C -- HD06368/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD12011/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 21;226(4681):1436-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6209800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Castration ; Catecholamines/analysis ; Denervation ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; Fetus ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/analysis ; Hypothalamus/*physiology/surgery ; Raphe Nuclei/*physiology/transplantation ; Rats ; Serotonin/*metabolism ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1984-12-21
    Description: High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of intact cancer cells revealed differences between cells with the capacity to metastasize and those that produce locally invasive tumors. The NMR resonances that characterize the metastatic cells were associated with an increased ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid and an increased amount of plasma membrane-bound cholesterol ester. High-resolution NMR spectroscopy could therefore be used to assess the metastatic potential of primary tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mountford, C E -- Wright, L C -- Holmes, K T -- Mackinnon, W B -- Gregory, P -- Fox, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 21;226(4681):1415-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6505699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/analysis ; Cholesterol Esters/analysis ; *Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Membrane Lipids/analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*etiology ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*analysis/pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Triglycerides/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1984-12-21
    Description: D2 dopamine and S2 serotonin receptors were imaged and measured in healthy human subjects by positron emission tomography after intravenous injection of 11C-labeled 3-N-methylspiperone. Levels of receptor in the caudate nucleus, putamen, and frontal cerebral cortex declined over the age span studied (19 to 73 years). The decline in D2 receptor in males was different from that in females.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wong, D F -- Wagner, H N Jr -- Dannals, R F -- Links, J M -- Frost, J J -- Ravert, H T -- Wilson, A A -- Rosenbaum, A E -- Gjedde, A -- Douglass, K H -- MH00053/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS15080/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 21;226(4681):1393-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6334363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Brain/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Receptors, Dopamine/*metabolism ; Receptors, Serotonin/*metabolism ; Sex Factors ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1984-12-14
    Description: Insulin is essential for the accumulation of rat casein messenger RNA (mRNA) in the presence of glucocorticoid and prolactin. The accumulation of certain mRNA's in other tissues has also been linked to insulin action. The present study shows that the accumulation effect on the 25,000 molecular weight rat casein mRNA does not reflect stabilization of the transcript by insulin. Rather, insulin is essential for its synthesis in the presence of glucocorticoid and prolactin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chomczynski, P -- Qasba, P -- Topper, Y J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 14;226(4680):1326-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6390680" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caseins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Culture Techniques ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Half-Life ; Hydrocortisone/physiology ; Insulin/*physiology ; Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Prolactin/physiology ; RNA, Messenger/physiology ; Rats ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1984-12-14
    Description: The possibility that hypersecretion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) contributes to the hyperactivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis observed in patients with major depression was investigated by measuring the concentration of this peptide in cerebrospinal fluid of normal healthy volunteers and in drug-free patients with DSM-III diagnoses of major depression, schizophrenia, or dementia. When compared to the controls and the other diagnostic groups, the patients with major depression showed significantly increased cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of CRF-like immunoreactivity; in 11 of the 23 depressed patients this immunoreactivity was greater than the highest value in the normal controls. These findings are concordant with the hypothesis that CRF hypersecretion is, at least in part, responsible for the hyperactivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis characteristic of major depression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nemeroff, C B -- Widerlov, E -- Bissette, G -- Walleus, H -- Karlsson, I -- Eklund, K -- Kilts, C D -- Loosen, P T -- Vale, W -- MH-36157/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-39415/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 14;226(4680):1342-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6334362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Dementia/cerebrospinal fluid ; Depressive Disorder/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radioimmunoassay ; Schizophrenia/cerebrospinal fluid
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1984-12-14
    Description: A cytoplasmic RNA moiety is necessary for posttranslational uptake of nuclear-encoded mammalian proteins destined for the mitochondrial matrix. Post-translational addition of ribonuclease to a reticulocyte lysate-programmed cell-free translation mixture inhibited subsequent import of six different mitochondrial matrix enzyme precursors into rat liver mitochondria. The required RNA is highly protected, as indicated by the high concentrations of ribonuclease necessary to produce this inhibition. The dependence of the inhibitory effect on temperature, duration of exposure to ribonuclease, and availability of divalent cations is characteristic of the nuclease susceptibility of ribonucleoproteins. The ribonuclease-sensitive component was found in a 400-kilodalton fraction which contains the mitochondrial protein precursors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Firgaira, F A -- Hendrick, J P -- Kalousek, F -- Kraus, J P -- Rosenberg, L E -- AM 09527/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 14;226(4680):1319-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6209799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell-Free System ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Mitochondria, Liver/*metabolism ; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase/metabolism ; Protein Precursors/*metabolism ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; RNA/*metabolism ; Rats ; Ribonucleases/metabolism
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1984-12-14
    Description: More than 90 percent of enucleated one-cell mouse embryos receiving pronuclei from other one-cell embryos successfully develop to the blastocyst stage in vitro. In this investigation, nuclei from successive preimplantation cleavage stages were introduced into enucleated one-cell embryos and the embryos were tested for development in vitro. Although two-cell nuclei supported development to the morula or blastocyst stage, four-cell, eight-cell, and inner cell mass cell nuclei did not. The inability of cell nuclei from these stages to support development reflects rapid loss of totipotency of the transferred nucleus and is not the result of simultaneous transfer of membrane or cytoplasm.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGrath, J -- Solter, D -- CA-10815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-25875/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD-12487/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 14;226(4680):1317-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6542249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastomeres/*physiology ; Cell Nucleus/*physiology ; Cytoplasm/physiology ; Embryo, Mammalian/*physiology ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Zygote/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1984-12-14
    Description: Portions of the brain stem seem normally to inhibit pain. In man and laboratory animals these brain areas and pathways from them to spinal sensory circuits can be activated by focal stimulation. Endogenous opioids appear to be implicated although separate nonopioid mechanisms are also evident. Stress seems to be a natural stimulus triggering pain suppression. Properties of electric footshock have been shown to determine the opioid or nonopioid basis of stress-induced analgesia. Two different opioid systems can be activated by different footshock paradigms. This dissection of stress analgesia has begun to integrate divergent findings concerning pain inhibition and also to account for some of the variance that has obscured the reliable measurement of the effects of stress on tumor growth and immune function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Terman, G W -- Shavit, Y -- Lewis, J W -- Cannon, J T -- Liebeskind, J C -- MH 15795/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-07628/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 14;226(4680):1270-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6505691" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Adrenalectomy ; Anesthesia ; Animals ; Brain Stem/physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Electroshock ; Endorphins/physiology ; Histamine/physiology ; Humans ; Hypophysectomy ; Immunosuppression ; Naltrexone/pharmacology ; Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Nociceptors/physiology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Pentobarbital/pharmacology ; Rats ; Stress, Physiological/*physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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