ALBERT

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Gene〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiaoxu Zhou, Jun Cui, Haonan Cui, Ning Jiang, Xinxin Hou, Shi Liu, Peng Gao, Yushi Luan, Jun Meng, Feishi Luan〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Melon (〈em〉Cucumis melo〈/em〉 L.), an economically beneficial crop widely cultivated around the world, is vulnerable to powdery mildew (PM). However, the studies on molecular mechanism of melon response to PM fungi is still limited. Long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as new regulators in plants response to biotic stresses. We predicted and identified the intricate regulatory roles of lncRNAs in melon response to PM fungi. A total of 539 lncRNAs were identified from PM-resistant (MR-1) and susceptible melon (Top Mark), in which 254 were significantly altered after PM fungi infection. Multiple target genes of lncRNAs were found to be involved in the hydrolysis of chitin, callose deposition and cell wall thickening, plant-pathogen interaction and plant hormone signal transduction pathway. Additionally, a total of 42 lncRNAs possess the various functions with microRNAs (miRNAs), including lncRNAs that are targeted by miRNAs and function as miRNA precursors or miRNA sponges. These findings provide a comprehensive view of potentially functional lncRNAs, corresponding target genes and related lncRNA-miRNA pairs, which will greatly increase our knowledge of the mechanism underlying susceptibility and resistance to PM in melon.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 24 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Gene〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ishmael Mohammadi, Amir Hossein Mahdavi, Farzaneh Rabiee, Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani, Kamran Ghaedi〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the expression of the genes involved in the reduction of inflammatory conditions induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). To fulfill this, the C2C12 murine myoblast cell line was used. The experimental treatments consisted of 50 and 100 µM of CLA with 10, 15 and 20 ng/mL of TNF-α. Our results indicated that the concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 µM of CLA at 24 and 48 h increased the cell survival rate (〈em〉p〈/em〉〈0.05), as compared with the control group (-). The effect of pre-treating CLA before the inflammation induced by TNF-α showed that the amount of cell death caused by TNF-α was inhibited in both 50 and 100 µM concentrations of CLA (〈em〉p〈/em〉〈0.05). Modulatory effects of CLA on 〈em〉PGC1-α〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Fndc5〈/em〉 transcript levels showed that the 〈em〉PGC1-α〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Fndc5〈/em〉 expression levels were significantly increased 48 h after treating with 50 and 100 µM of CLA (〈em〉p〈/em〉〈0.05). Overall, these findings indicate that using CLA could considerably improve the inflammatory condition induced by TNF-α.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 April 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Gene, Volume 734〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ying Lou, Minhui Fan, Renya Shuai, Cheng Yao〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Studies imply the FOXP3 gene polymorphisms are engaged in the occurrence of some cancers, but the relationship between FOXP3 rs2280883 polymorphism and the hazard of colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear. For this reason, a case-control investigation involving 365 CRC patients and 411 healthy individuals (matched by both age and gender) was taken to illustrate the underlying association. FOXP3 rs2280883 polymorphism genotyped via PCR-RELP. Data revealed this polymorphism was significantly linked to increased risk for CRC (CC versus TT, OR, 1.75; 95%CI, 1.06–2.88; 〈em〉P〈/em〉 = 0.030). Subgroup analyses uncovered FOXP3 rs2280883 polymorphism intensified the risk of CRC among smokers. As for the connection between rs2280883 and clinical data of CRC, this polymorphism corelated to lymph node metastasis (CC versus TT: OR, 2.75; 95%CI, 1.35–5.62; 〈em〉P〈/em〉 = 0.004) and the TNM stage. In conclusion, FOXP3 rs2280883 polymorphism is related to higher risk of CRC in a Chinese individuals. Larger-sized studies involving other races are needed.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 24 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Gene〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shuna Sun, Ziyin Liu, Xuan Li, Jianguo Jia, Guoping Zhang, Chunjie Yang, Qiu Jiang, Yunzeng Zou〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Nap1l1 gene encodes a tissue specific nucleosome assembly protein and is essential for tissue development. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a 〈em〉nap1l1〈/em〉 transgenic reporter in zebrafish model. We showed that a 5-kilobase (kb) genomic fragment immediately upstream of the 〈em〉nap1l1〈/em〉 gene transcription initiation site is capable of targeting the nucleic enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) expression initially to central nervous system and subsequently to lateral line neuromasts, cardiomyocytes, and paraxial vessels, where the endogenous 〈em〉nap1l1〈/em〉 normally expresses with only a few exception. In adulthood, zebrafish 〈em〉nap1l1〈/em〉 promoter-driving nEGFP is predominantly expressed in lateral line system, liver, and ovary, but not in heart. Therefore, this novel transgenic reporter line, 〈em〉Tg(nap1l1:nEGFP)〈sup〉zs102〈/sup〉〈/em〉, would be a valuable tool for studying the development and regeneration of lateral line system and also for investigating cardiac development.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 24 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Gene〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Warda Fatima, Sabeen Riaz, Muhammad Aiman Shahzad, Zara Naz, Saqib Mahmood, Shahida Hasnain〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Schizophrenia is a stressful, chronic and in many cases incorrigible psychological disorder. Till now no biomarker is available for diagnosis of this condition and diagnosis is done purely on psychiatric bases. A strong genetic association of human genome region 1q24.1 is implicated with onset of schizophrenia in many studies. Present study is first from Pakistan to report effect of this locus in transmission and liaison of schizophrenia in Pakistani population. For this analysis 300 samples were genotyped of four SNPs, rs1417584, rs1954175, rs821616 and rs113012343 that were selected on basis of minor allele frequency and effects on schizophrenia. Haplotype and transmission disequilibrium analysis was also performed on data. Association of SNPs revealed a significant relation between MAF of rs1417584 and schizophrenia in given samples (χ〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 5.57; 〈em〉p〈/em〉 0.02). Haplotype association led to formation of three significant blocks TCAG (OR 20.06), TTAG (OR 4.65) and CCTG (OR 26.17) for rs1417584, rs1954175, rs821616 and rs113012343 that were expected to cause schizophrenia in said combinations. rs1417584, rs1954175 and rs821616 were found to be in a linkage block based on D‘ value (〈em〉p〈/em〉 〈0.0001) with 22% co inheritance alongside disease onset. This block was represented by 325kb on chromosome 1. It is concluded from this study that this 325Kb region can be considered prognostic marker for schizophrenia development in Pakistani population.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 24 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Gene〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Batuhan Mert Kalkan, Ezgi Yagmur Kala, Melek Yuce, Medine Karadag Alpaslan, Fatih Kocabas〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Recent developments in gene editing technology have enabled scientists to modify DNA sequence by using engineered endonucleases. These gene editing tools are promising candidates for clinical applications, especially for treatment of inherited disorders like sickle cell disease (SCD). SCD is caused by a point mutation in human β-globin gene (HBB). Clinical strategies have demonstrated substantial success, however there is not any permanent cure for SCD available. CRISPR/Cas9 platform uses a single endonuclease and a single guide RNA (gRNA) to induce sequence-specific DNA double strand break (DSB). When this accompanies a repair template, it allows repairing the mutated gene. In this study, it was aimed to target HBB gene via CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool to introduce nucleotide alterations for efficient genome editing and correction of point mutations causing SCD in human cell line, by Homology Directed Repair (HDR). We have achieved to induce target specific nucleotide changes on HBB gene in the locus of mutation causing SCD. The effect of on-target activity of bone fide standard gRNA and newly developed longer gRNA were examined. It is observed that longer gRNA has higher affinity to target DNA while having the same performance for targeting and Cas9 induced DSBs. HDR mechanism was triggered by co-delivery of donor DNA repair templates in circular plasmid form. In conclusion, we have suggested methodological pipeline for efficient targeting with higher affinity to target DNA and generating desired modifications on HBB gene.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0378111920300676-ga1.jpg" width="291" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 24 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Gene〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ishaku L. Haruna, Ugonna J. Ekegbu, Farman Ullah, Hamed Amirpour-Najafabadi, Huitong Zhou, Jon G.H. Hickford〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Myostatin (MSTN) is a circulating factor that is secreted by muscle cells, and that acts upon those cells to inhibit the proliferation of muscle fibres during pre-natal muscle growth. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) coupled with Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, was used to reveal variation in the bovine MSTN gene (〈em〉MSTN〈/em〉) in 722 cattle from a variety of breeds farmed in New Zealand (NZ). These included Hereford, Angus, Charolais, Simmental, Red Poll, South Devon, Shorthorn, Murray Grey, cross-bred Holstein-Friesian x Jersey cattle, and other composite breeds of cattle. Sequence analysis of five regions of 〈em〉MSTN〈/em〉 that encompassed coding and non-coding regions of the gene, revealed a total of twelve single-nucleotide substitutions (7 in intron 1 and 5 in a region spanning the intron 2 - exon 3 boundary), and a single nucleotide deletion. Of these 12 substitutions, five are reported here for the first time, whereas seven have been previously described. The deletion c.748-78del, was located in the intron 2 - exon 3 boundary region, and has been reported previously. No nucleotide variation was identified in exons 1, 2 and 3. A total of 18 extended haplotypes were resolved spanning two variable regions (intron 1 and the intron 2 - exon 3 boundary), some of which were common across the breeds, while others were peculiar to particular breeds. The genetic variations identified provide insight into the conserved and polymorphic nature of the coding and non-coding sequences of bovine 〈em〉MSTN〈/em〉 respectively, and thus provides a baseline for further study into how variation in the gene might affect growth and carcass traits in NZ cattle.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 April 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Gene, Volume 734〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Han Zhang, Xinye Cui, An'na Cao, Xinglong Li, Lianhong Li〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Background〈/h6〉 〈p〉The interaction of integrin and extracellular matrix (ECM) has a profound implication on pathological conditions such as tumor growth and infiltration. Related reports have confirmed that integrin α3 (ITGA3) influences the development of bladder cancer, head and neck cancer, colorectal cancer and other cancers. However, the mechanism of ITGA3 in breast cancer is unknown.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Methods〈/h6〉 〈p〉The impact of ITGA3 on the biological features of breast cancer cells was explored using the Transwell and wound healing assays. In addition, its influence on stemness of breast cancer cells was examined with the sphere formation assay. The possible mechanism by which ITGA3 regulates breast cancer was explored using Western blot. The interaction between ITGA3 and VASP was determined by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining assays.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Results〈/h6〉 〈p〉Results show that downregulation of ITGA3 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration. Indeed, suppression of ITGA3 negatively regulates the stemness of breast cancer cells and EMT process. Our findings indicate that ITGA3 interacts with VASP and regulates its expression, and knockdown of ITGA3 inhibits the activity of the PI3K-AKT axis.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Conclusion〈/h6〉 〈p〉Our results show that ITGA3-VASP modulates breast cancer cell stemness, EMT and PI3K-AKT pathways. Therefore, ITGA3 might be a druggable target for clinical breast cancer management.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 27 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Gene〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Abdelhafidh Hajjej, F. Lisa Saldhana, Rana Dajani, Wassim Y. Almawi〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The origin of Arab-speaking population is classified according to their geographical location, ethnic background, and historical influx of nearby and distant populations. Data on HLA class I and class II loci in (Arabian Peninsula) Bahraini population are lacking. We analyzed HLA genetic profile of Bahrainis with neighboring communities, and with Levantines, North Africans, Sub-Saharans, Europeans, and Asians, using genetic distances, neighbor-joining dendrograms, correspondence and haplotype analysis. HLA class I and class II genotyping were done by high resolution PCR-SSP in 175 Bahraini subjects. In total, 19 HLA-A, 33 HLA-B, 15 HLA-C, 14 DRB1 and 7 DQB1 alleles were identified. The most common class I alleles were A*02:01:01 (18.3%), A*01:01:01(15.4%), B*35:01:02 (12.9%), C*12:01:01 (15.1%), and C*04:01:01 (14.9%), while DRB1*03:01:01 (18.0%), DQB1*02:01:01 (29.1%), and DQB1*05:01:01 (24.9%) were the most frequent class II alleles. Significant linkage disequilibrium was seen between all HLA loci pairs. DRB1*03:01:01-DQB1*02:01:01 (15.18%) was the most frequent two-locus haplotype. Significant negative Fnd values were observed, indicating balancing selection at studied loci. Bahrainis appear to be related to Western Mediterranean (North Africans, Iberians and French), but relatively distinct from Levantines (Palestinians, Lebanese, and Jordanians) and Sub-Saharans. This indicates limited genetic contribution of Levantine Arabs and Sub-Saharans to the Bahraini gene pool.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 27 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Gene〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Angeles E. Espino-Saldaña, Karina Durán-Ríos, Eduardo Olivares-Hernandez, Roberto Rodríguez-Ortiz, Fausto Arellano-Carbajal, Ataulfo Martínez-Torres〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉MCTPs (multiple C2 domain proteins with two transmembrane regions) have been proposed as novel endoplasmic reticulum calcium sensors; however, their function remains largely unknown. Here we report the structure of the four 〈em〉mctp〈/em〉 genes from zebrafish (〈em〉mctp1a, mctp1b, mctp2a〈/em〉 and 〈em〉mctp2b〈/em〉), their diversity, expression pattern during embryonic development and in adult tissue and the effect of knocking down the expression of Mctp2b by CRISPR/Cas9. The four 〈em〉mctp〈/em〉 genes are expressed from early development and exhibit differential expression patterns but are found mainly in the nervous and muscular systems. Mctp2b tagged with fluorescent proteins and expressed in HEK-293 cells and neurons of the fish spinal cord localized mostly in the endoplasmic reticulum but also in lysosomes and late and recycling endosomes. Knocking down 〈em〉mctp2b〈/em〉 expression impaired embryonic development, suggesting that the functional participation of this gene is relevant, at least during the early stages of development.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 April 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Gene, Volume 734〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Rami M. Elshazli, Eman A. Toraih, Abdelaziz Elgaml, Emad Kandil, Manal S. Fawzy〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Objective〈/h6〉 〈p〉Several earlier reports implicated 〈em〉TP53 (rs1042522)〈/em〉 and 〈em〉MDM2 (rs2279744)〈/em〉 variants in outcome of colorectal cancer (CRC), but with inconclusive findings. This current meta-analysis designed to uncover the role of these variants in CRC risk.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Methodology〈/h6〉 〈p〉Two independent investigators extracted 59 eligible case-control studies from different electronic databases involving Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed prior to June 2019. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and “95% confidence intervals (CIs)” were computed for different hereditary models. Stratification and heterogeneity analyses, and “Begg’s funnel plots” were conducted. 〈em〉In silico〈/em〉 data analyses of the functional and structural properties of the study variants were applied.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Results〈/h6〉 〈p〉In general, 47 and 16 case-control reports for 〈em〉TP53〈/em〉 (11,589 patients and 13,622 controls) and 〈em〉MDM2〈/em〉 (6841 CRC patients and 8792 healthy controls), respectively were enrolled in this meta-analysis. A significant association of 〈em〉TP53 (rs1042522)〈/em〉 variant with increased CRC risk in overall pooled subjects under recessive model [(CC vs. GC + GG, OR = 1.134, 95% CI = 1.006–1.278, 〈em〉P〈/em〉 = 0.039)] was observed. Moreover, an evidence of 〈em〉MDM2 (rs2279744)〈/em〉 association with increased CRC risk in overall pooled subjects under dominant and heterozygote models [(TG + GG vs. TT, OR = 1.120, 95% CI = 1.003–1.250, 〈em〉P〈/em〉 = 0.044) and (TG vs. TT, OR = 1.189, 95% CI = 1.076–1.313, 〈em〉P〈/em〉 = 0.001), respectively] was reported. Additionally, 〈em〉TP53 (rs1042522)〈/em〉 and 〈em〉MDM2 (rs2279744)〈/em〉 showed an association with CRC risk among Asians and Africans under a recessive model, and among Asians under different genetic models, respectively, by stratification analysis.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Conclusion〈/h6〉 〈p〉〈em〉TP53 (rs1042522)〈/em〉 and 〈em〉MDM2 (rs2279744)〈/em〉 variants might represent candidate risk factors for CRC susceptibility.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Fish & Shellfish Immunology, Volume 98〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ying-Yu Tang, Qiu-Ning Liu, Cheng Wang, Ting-Ting Yang, Bo-Ping Tang, Chun-Lin Zhou, Li-Shang Dai〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈em〉Procambarus clarkii〈/em〉 is one of the most important aquatic invertebrates in China and has high commercial value. However, aquaculture has suffered great economic loss due to outbreaks of infectious diseases in 〈em〉P〈/em〉. 〈em〉clarkii〈/em〉. To identify red swamp crayfish related proteins involved in the response to bacterial infection, we analysed immune-related proteins following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation by quantitative proteomics. The proteome of the hepatopancreas of 〈em〉P〈/em〉. 〈em〉clarkii〈/em〉 challenged with LPS and phosphate-buffered saline was analysed to evaluate the immune response. Based on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, 16 upregulated and 29 downregulated proteins were identified. A Gene Ontology analysis demonstrated 5 biological process, 11 cellular component, and 6 molecular function subcategories. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the identified proteins were mainly involved in metabolism, phagosome, and ribosome. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR revealed that eight immune-related genes were upregulated after LPS stimulation compared to the control. Taken together, the data enhance our understanding of the immune response of crayfish to LPS.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 25 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Gene〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Fermín Pérez-Guevara〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Bacteria and archaea accumulate cytoplasmic polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) granules under nutrient-limited conditions with excess carbon. The transcriptional regulatory (TR) proteins found on the surface of PHA granules act as repressors as well as activators for the expression of major surface proteins called phasins. Until now, detailed information on the evolutionary relationships between these transcription regulators has not been available. Here, we conducted homology searches and analyzed information available for the domains and protein families of the TR proteins through phylogenetic studies. A total of 282 TR proteins were identified and further classified into four distinct subfamilies based upon the presence of conserved motifs: PHB_acc, TetR-like, AbrB-like, and PadR-like. Depending upon the particular family, the DNA-binding domains were located at either the N- or C-terminus. Our results indicated that TR proteins containing the PHB_acc domain are highly conserved within the bacteria, while other TR proteins are present only within archaea (AbrB-like), gram positive bacteria (PadR-like), or the 〈em〉Pseudomonas〈/em〉 genera (TetR-like). The repression domains are charged, hydrophobic, and rich in leucine or glutamine. In phylogenetic analyses, many groups of TR proteins were clustered together according to identical domain architectures showing the independent origins of the TR proteins in the PHA reserve storage system. Further analyses revealed that the TR proteins have experienced multiple gene duplications across prokaryotes. Thus, this study investigated the evolutionary framework of TR proteins and has provided a comprehensive catalog of TR proteins for ongoing studies to characterize the functions of these proteins within diverse organisms.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0378111920300664-ga1.jpg" width="289" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Fish & Shellfish Immunology, Volume 98〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mahmoud A.O. Dawood, Safaa E. Abdo, Mahmoud S. Gewaily, Eman M. Moustafa, Moustafa S. SaadAllah, Marwa F. AbdEl-kader, Awatef H. Hamouda, Amira A. Omar, Rasha A. Alwakeel〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The protective role of β-glucan (BG) on liver function, histopathology, immune and antioxidant related gene expressions in Nile tilapia exposed to subacute deltamethrin (DLM) was investigated for 30 days. Fish (28.18 ± 1.34 g) of the 1st and 2nd groups fed the control diet, while the 3rd and 4th groups fed BG at 0.5 g/kg and the 2nd and 4th groups were exposed to DLM (15 μg/L) in rearing water. DLM-treated fish displayed a considerable increase in blood biochemical parameters (creatinine, urea and bilirubin) as well as hepatic enzymes (ALP, AST and ALT) (〈em〉P〈/em〉 〈 0.05). Blood total protein, globulin, albumin, WBCs, RBCs, Hb, phagocytic index, phagocytic and lysozyme activities were significantly decreased in fish subjected to DLM (〈em〉P〈/em〉 〈 0.05). Fish fed BG showed significantly the lowest cortisol and glucose levels, while fish exposed to DLM without feeding BG showed the highest cortisol and glucose levels (〈em〉P〈/em〉 〈 0.05) after 15 and 30 days. Additionally, DLM toxicity caused downregulation in antioxidant (〈em〉CAT〈/em〉 and 〈em〉GPx〈/em〉) and immune (〈em〉IL-1β〈/em〉 and 〈em〉IL-8〈/em〉) related gene expressions, while and 〈em〉IFN-γ〈/em〉, 〈em〉HSP70〈/em〉 and 〈em〉CASP3〈/em〉 were upregulated. The histopathological examination of Nile tilapia exposed to DLM revealed damage in gills, intestine, spleen and liver which confirmed the toxic effects. Conversely, BG presented protective effects and restored the above-mentioned parameters when fish exposed to DLM and fed BG. Thus, BG supplementation exhibited defensive effects against DLM toxicity in Nile tilapia through improving blood biochemical responses, immune, and antioxidant related gene expressions as well as histopathological effects.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Fish & Shellfish Immunology, Volume 98〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Junjie Nie, Zhixue Yu, Defu Yao, Fan Wang, Chunhua Zhu, Kaihui Sun, Jude Juventus Aweya, Yueling Zhang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The histone deacetylase, sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), plays an essential role in the regulation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and inflammation in mammals. However, the specific role of SIRT6 in invertebrate immunity has not been reported. Here, we characterized for the first time, a sirtuin 6 homolog in 〈em〉Litopenaeus vannamei〈/em〉 (〈em〉Lv〈/em〉SIRT6), with full-length cDNA of 2919 bp and 1536 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative protein of 511 amino acids, which contains a typical SIR2 domain. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that 〈em〉Lv〈/em〉SIRT6 shares a close evolutionary relationship with SIRT6 from invertebrates. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis of 〈em〉Lv〈/em〉SIRT6 transcripts revealed that they were ubiquitously expressed in shrimp and induced in hepatopancreas and hemocytes upon challenge with 〈em〉Vibrio parahaemolyticus〈/em〉, 〈em〉Streptococcus iniae〈/em〉, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), suggesting the involvement of 〈em〉Lv〈/em〉SIRT6 in shrimp immune response. Moreover, knockdown of 〈em〉Lv〈/em〉SIRT6 decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased total ROS level in hemocytes, especially upon 〈em〉V. parahaemolyticus〈/em〉 challenge. Depletion of 〈em〉Lv〈/em〉SIRT6 also increased hemocytes apoptosis in terms of decreased expression of pro-survival 〈em〉Lv〈/em〉Bcl-2, but increased expression of pro-apoptotic 〈em〉Lv〈/em〉Bax and 〈em〉Lv〈/em〉Cytochrome C, coupled with high 〈em〉Lv〈/em〉Caspase3/7 activity. Shrimp were rendered more susceptible to 〈em〉V. parahaemolyticus〈/em〉 infection upon 〈em〉Lv〈/em〉SIRT6 knockdown. Taken together, our present data suggest that 〈em〉Lv〈/em〉SIRT6 plays an important role in shrimp immune response by modulating hemocytes ROS production and apoptosis during pathogen challenge.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 23 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Gene〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yongxiang Luo, Zhaoyin Fu, Peisheng Wu, Dawu Zheng, Xiumei Zhang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Objectives〈/h6〉 〈p〉P27〈sup〉kip〈/sup〉 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that has gained importance as a biomarker in human malignant tumors. However, the potential role of P27〈sup〉kip〈/sup〉 in hepatocellular carcinoma remains unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore whether P27〈sup〉kip〈/sup〉 has prognostic and clinicopathological roles in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Methods/Materials:〈/h6〉 〈p〉An electronic search based on three databases, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, was performed to select a sufficient number of studies. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) were used as estimates to investigate the association among P27〈sup〉kip〈/sup〉 expression, prognosis and clinicopathological features.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Results〈/h6〉 〈p〉In total, we identified 18 studies with 1774 hepatocellular carcinoma patients. The result derived from four studies revealed a significant positive association between lower P27〈sup〉kip〈/sup〉 levels and shorter overall survival (HR=0.550, 95% CI: 0.464∼0.652, P〈0001) and disease-free survival (HR=0.420, 95% CI: 0.308∼0.571, P〈0.0001). Analyses of the clinicopathological features and P27〈sup〉kip〈/sup〉 expression also showed that a positive rate of P27〈sup〉kip〈/sup〉 was significantly lower in a larger sized tumor (OR=0.538, 95% CI: 0.315∼0.919, P=0.023). The results also revealed that lower P27〈sup〉kip〈/sup〉 levels were correlated with poorer differentiation (0.416, 95% CI: 0.178∼0.971, P=0.043). Additionally, the pooled OR of 0.389 also presented a significant correlation between P27〈sup〉kip〈/sup〉 underexpression and the metastasis of HCCs (95% CI: 0.155∼0.975, P=0.044).〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Conclusions〈/h6〉 〈p〉This analysis suggests a strong association among P27〈sup〉kip〈/sup〉 underexpression, poorer prognosis and aggressive progression of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients. P27〈sup〉kip〈/sup〉 may be a tumor suppressor for predicting the progression and survival outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinomas.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉