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  • Other Sources  (393)
  • NASA Technical Reports  (393)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (226)
  • AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE  (167)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (393)
  • 1980  (393)
Collection
  • Other Sources  (393)
Source
  • NASA Technical Reports  (393)
Keywords
Years
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (393)
Year
  • 1
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    Studies of upper atmosphere motions by VHF backscatter (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 240-241
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  • 2
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    Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 236-237
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  • 3
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    Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME) (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 238-239
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  • 4
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    Application Explorer Mission 2 (AEM 2), Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 234-235
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  • 5
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    The Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV) and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) experiment on Nimbus 7 (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 231
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  • 6
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    Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement 2 (SAM 2) (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 229-230
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  • 7
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    The Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (SAMS) experiment on Nimbus 7 (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 232-233
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  • 8
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    Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) experiment (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 227-228
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  • 9
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    Spacelab payload definition: Cryogenic Limb-Scanning Interfermeter and Radiometer (CLIR) (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 221-223
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  • 10
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    Improved measurement and calibration for stratospheric trace species (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 148
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  • 11
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    Laboratory study of resonance fluorescence (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 130-131
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  • 12
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    Photoionization mass spectrometry (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 16
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  • 13
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    Use of multiblade sensors for on-line rotor tip-path plane estimation (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Techniques are investigated for on-line estimation of rotor states in the nonrotating frame from multiple, simultaneous measurements in the rotating frame. The multiblade coordinate transformation is first applied to transform both flapping and flapping rate measurements into the nonrotating frame. The 'observer' approach is then used to generate algorithms for estimating tip-path plane rate and attitude from transformed flapping and flapping rate measurements. A numerical evaluation using simulated measurements is conducted to evaluate the performance of the algorithms and recommendations are made.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: American Helicopter Society; vol. 25
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  • 14
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    Recent assessment of the performance and accuracy of a chemiluminescent rocket sonde for upper atmospheric ozone measurements (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The chemiluminescent rocket ozonesonde utilizing rhodamine-B as a detector and self-pumping for air sampling has been improved. The instrument employs standard meteorological sounding systems and is the only technique available for routine nighttime ozone measurements above balloon altitudes. The chemiluminescent detector, when properly calibrated, is shown to be specific to ozone, stable, and of sufficient sensitivity for accurate measurements of ozone from about 65-20 km. An error analysis indicates that the measured ozone profiles have an absolute accuracy of about + or - 12% and a precision of about + or - 6%. Approximately 20 flights have been conducted for geophysical investigations, while additional flights were conducted with other rocket and satellite ozone soundings for comparisons. In general, these comparisons showed good agreement.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 51; Oct. 198
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  • 15
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    Circular-scan streak tube with solid-state readout (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A circular-scan streak tube designed for use in a laser ranging system is described. Electrostatic focusing is used between the photocathode and a microchannel plate, and electrons from the microchannel plate are proximity focused onto an output phosphor screen. Electron beam deflection is achieved by driving two orthogonal sets of deflection plate assemblies in phase quadrature at a frequency of 200 MHz. The light intensity in the output beam trace is measured by using a circular Reticon array of 720 photodiodes, which is fiber-optically coupled to the output phosphor screen of the tube. Sample measurements of frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser-pulse waveforms are given. Also the output beamwidth has been measured at the 200-MHz deflection frequency. The results suggest a limiting resolution of 33 psec for the circular-scan streak tube used for these tests.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 19; Oct. 15
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  • 16
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    Oil film thickness measurement using airborne laser-induced water Raman backscatter (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The use of laser-induced water Raman backscatter for remote thin oil film detection and thickness measurement is reported here for the first time. A 337.1-nm nitrogen laser was used to excite the 3400-cm-1 OH stretch band of natural ocean water beneath the oil slick from an altitude of 150 m. The signal strength of the 381-nm water Raman backscatter was always observed to depress when the oil was encountered and then return to its original undepressed value after complete aircraft traversal of the floating slick. After removal of background and oil fluorescence contributions, the ratio of the depressed-to-undepressed airborne water Raman signal intensities, together with laboratory measured oil extinction coefficients, is used to calculate the oil film thickness.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 19; Oct. 1
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  • 17
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    Atmospheric laser Doppler velocimetry - An overview (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Research, development, and application of atmospheric laser Doppler velocimetry are overviewed. Consideration is given to operation principles of CO2 heterodyne systems. Global wind, pollution, V/STOL flow, and true airspeed measurements are outlined. Wind energy, dust devils, water spouts, tornadoes, and aircraft wake vortices are covered.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optical Engineering; 19; July-Aug
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  • 18
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    Development of a pulsed 9.5 micron lidar for regional scale O3 measurement (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A pulsed infrared lidar system designed for application to the remote sensing of atmospheric trace gases from an airborne platform is described. The system is also capable of measuring the infrared backscatter characteristics of the ocean surface, terrain, cloud, and aerosol targets. The lidar employed is based on dual wavelength pulse energy measurements in the 9-11 micrometer wavelength region.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optical Engineering; 19; July-Aug
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  • 19
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    Three-dimensional imaging of X-ray and gamma-ray objects in real time (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A simple device is described that is capable of providing real-time 3-D viewing of extended X-ray and gamma-ray objects. The visible-light images produced by the device are not merely stereoscopic, i.e., one perspective, but possess both horizontal and vertical parallax with a reasonably large field of view.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 19; Sept. 1
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  • 20
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    Grid polarizers for infrared Fourier spectrometers (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Infrared grid polarizers consisting of copper lines with a 3.6-micron grid constant on a 4-micron-thick Mylar polyester substrate have been prepared by the techniques of photolithography and sputter-etching. Their polarization properties have been measured and found to be suitable for use at infrared frequencies below 700/cm. The polarizers have been used to extend the useful frequency range of a Martin-Puplett polarizing interferometer designed for Fourier transform spectroscopy. The efficiency of the interferometer has been measured over a frequency range from 50 to 700/cm and compared to that of a conventional Michelson interferometer. The results are shown to be consistent with the measured properties of the polarizers. Methods are suggested for improving the efficiency of a Martin-Puplett interferometer which employs these polarizers.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Infrared Physics; 20; July 198
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  • 21
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    Absolute line strengths in nu4, /C-12/H4 - A dual-beam diode laser spectrometer with sweep integration (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A tunable diode laser spectrometer with several unique features has been developed for use in the middle IR. The all-reflective optical system has a dual-beam configuration before the dispersive mode selector to eliminate transit-angle errors at the calibration etalon. By maintaining separated beams through the mode selector, beam combiner losses are avoided. Averaging successive sweeps of the current-modulated laser permits stable reproducible spectral integrations, eliminating etalon thermal errors and producing high photometric sensitivity. Line strengths have been measured using this instrument for eleven transitions in nu4 of (C-12)H4. These include R0 and R1 and nine P-branch transitions in the 1202-1263-per cm range. Techniques for measuring strengths with a diode laser are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 19; Aug. 15
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  • 22
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    Sampling submicrometer particles suspended in near sonic and supersonic free jets (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Aerosols containing solid, spherical stearic acid particles with a mean diameter of 0.8 micron and a geometric standard deviation of 1.28 were sampled with small bore front-facing aspirating probes in near-sonic and supersonic unheated free jets. The results are compared to compute the sampling error associated with a high-speed jet sample.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Air Pollution Control Association; vol. 30
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  • 23
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    Measurement of the specific refractivities of CF4 and C2F6 (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: In order to relate the measured fringe shift of an interferometer to the density of a medium, the relation between density and refractive index, which is expressed by the specific refractivity, must be known. In the present paper, the specific refractivities of the wind tunnel test gases CF4 and C2F6 are determined in order to verify estimations based on the atomic refractivities of carbon and fluorine. A Twyman-Green two-beam interferometer with a 633-nm He-Ne laser light source was used to measure the specific refractivity as a function of fringe shift as the density of the gas was changed. Values of 0.122 and 0.131 cu cm/g were obtained for CF4 and C2F6 respectively at a temperature of 300 K, which are within 1% of the values computed from the atomic refractivities.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Chemical Physics; 73; July 15
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  • 24
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    The promise of multicyclic control (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The rough ride a helicopter endures is known to be self-generated. This roughness results in fatiguing blade loads and vibration which can be eliminated or greatly reduced by multicyclic control. Rotor performance may also be improved. Several types of rotors which have employed multicyclic control are reviewed and compared. Their differences are highlighted and their potential advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The flow field these rotors must operate in is discussed, and it is shown that simultaneous elimination of vibration and oscillatory blade loads is not an inherent solution to the roughness problem. The use of rotor blades and energy absorbers is proposed. Input-output relations are considered and a gain control for ROMULAN, a multicyclic controlling computer program, is introduced. Implications of the introduction of multicyclic systems into helicopters are also discussed.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Vertica; 4; 1, 19; 1980
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  • 25
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    Absorption coefficient instrument for turbid natural waters (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper presents an instrument that directly measures multispectral absorption coefficient of turbid natural water. Attention is given to the design, which is shown to incorporate methods for the compensation of variation in the internal light source intensity, correction of the spectrally dependent nature of the optical elements, and correction for variation in the background light level. In addition, when used in conjunction with a spectrally matched total attenuation instrument, the spectrally dependent scattering coefficient can also be derived. Finally, it is reported that systematic errors associated with multiple scattering have been estimated using Monte Carlo techniques.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 19; May 15
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  • 26
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    Measurements of cabin and ambient ozone on B747 airplanes (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: In response to recent concerns over possibly high ozone levels in the cabins of aircraft flying in the stratosphere, simultaneous measurements of the cabin and ambient ozone levels have been made as part of the NASA Global Atmospheric Sampling Program. Examples of the data taken on commercially operated Boeing 747-100 and 747SP airplanes are given for selected flights, together with summary statistics of over 5600 observations. Cabin ozone levels vary with the ambient level and, for unmodified aircraft, are higher on the 747SP than on the 747-100. Modifications to the ventilation system of the 747SP reduced cabin ozone levels by varying amounts up to a factor of 14.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 17; Apr. 198
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  • 27
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    HOE/lensless matched spatial filter wavelength-scaling correlator (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A scaling correlator optical pattern recognition system is described in which a lensless matched spatial filter (with the second Fourier transform lens and the matched spatial filter recorded on the same plate) is used with a first Fourier transform lens that is also an holographic optical element. The matched spatial filter is recorded at one wavelength and correlation is obtained at a second wavelength. Experimental demonstration and output correlation SNR data are reported, together with a comparison of the system's noise level using conventional optics and holographic elements.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optics Communications; 34; Sept
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  • 28
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    Illustration of airfoil shape effect on forward-swept wing divergence (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A static aeroelastic analysis is presented of the divergence of untapered wings with conventional and supercritical airfoil sections at sweep angles of zero and -15 deg. One bending and one torsion mode were employed for a uniform rectangular cantilevered beam with the elastic axis at midchord, and calculations were based on a two-dimensional differential equations formulation in the structural coordinate system and in simple strip theory. A minimum divergence speed in the transonic range is obtained which is associated with the rearward shift of the aerodynamic center, and a 17% difference in minimum divergence dynamic pressure is found between a supercritical and a conventional wing. It is noted that although the strip method employed allows the assessment of the sensitivity of airfoil shapes to divergence, three-dimensional transonic aerodynamic methods should be used to predict wing divergence characteristics.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 17; Oct. 198
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  • 29
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    Quantitative analysis of autoradiographic image intensification using Thiourea-S35 (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Photographic images enhanced by the method of Thiourea-S35 autoradiography are evaluated in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, detective quantum efficiency (DQE), and Wiener spectrum analysis using digitized images. It is determined that the original signal-to-noise ratio is not degraded by the intensification process which allows an increase in the practical working DQE as a function of density. These results apply at all spatial frequencies that were tested. The advantage given by autoradiography is the ability to produce usable images from emulsions originally exposed to the low densities corresponding to maximum DQE and movement of faint image densities above the level of the threshold for detection.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Astronomical Society of the Pacific; vol. 92
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  • 30
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    Aliasing and blurring in 2-D sampled imagery (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The quality of image reconstructions from discrete data suffers not only from the blurring of spatial detail caused by limitations in the spatial frequency response of electrooptical systems, but also from the aliasing generated if spatial detail has been undersampled. Previous studies have observed that reasonable spot intensity profiles and photosensor aperture shapes of equivalent size result in about equal blurring but that some profiles and shapes suppress aliasing better than others. This paper presents quantitative results of the magnitude of aliasing and blurring as a function of random radiance fields typical for natural scenes and of spatial responses and sampling intervals typical for TV cameras and optical-mechanical scanners. These results indicate that aliasing may often be a larger source of degradation than either blurring or electronic noise.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 19; July 1
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  • 31
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    Apparatus for trapping and thermal detection of atomic hydrogen in high magnetic fields at low temperatures (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: An apparatus is described in which hydrogen atoms were trapped at temperatures down to 1.1 K in the 11 T field of a large volume superconducting magnet. A high sensitivity thermal detector was used to study trapping and recombination of atoms on the detector surface. The apparatus permits the application of extremely high steady state magnetic fields to study the potential effects of electron spin polarization on the stabilization of hydrogen atoms.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 51; May 1980
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  • 32
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    Laser measurement of extinction coefficients of highly absorbing liquids (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A coaxial dual-channel laser system has been developed for the measurement of extinction coefficients of highly absorbing liquids. An empty wedge-shaped sample cell is first translated laterally through a He-Ne laser beam to measure the differential thickness using interference fringes in reflection. The wedge cell is carefully filled with the oil sample and translated through the coaxially positioned dye laser beam for the differential attenuation or extinction measurement. Optional use of the instrumentation as a single-channel extinction measurement system and also as a refractometer is detailed. The system and calibration techniques were applied to the measurement of two crude oils whose extinction values were required to complete the analysis of airborne laser data gathered over four controlled spills.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 19; Apr. 1
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  • 33
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    Nuclear Science Symposium, 26th and Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems, 11th, San Francisco, Calif., October 17-19, 1979, Proceedings (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper covers the studies presented on nuclear science and nuclear power systems symposiums. The studies deal with nuclear radiation detectors, nuclear circuits and systems, space and medical instrumentation, as well as with environmental and reactor instrumentation. Data preprocessing and acquisition are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the engineered safety features of nuclear systems.
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  • 34
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    Wall proximity corrections for hot-wire readings in turbulent flows (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: This note describes some details of recent (successful) attempts of wall proximity corrections for hot-wire measurements performed in a three-dimensional incompressible turbulent boundary layer. A simple and quite satisfactory method of estimating wall proximity effects on hot-wire readings is suggested.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: DISA Information; Feb. 198
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  • 35
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    Measurement of dielectric properties and determination of microwave emissivity of polluted waters (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The dielectric properties of polluted waters are measured with a reflection-type resonant cavity at 1.43 GHz. Very small water samples in quartz tubes of known volume are placed in the center of the maximum electric field. Measurement of the resonance-frequency variation and a change of the cavity's quality factor are used to determine the dielectric properties. The microwave emissivity of the polluted water is then calculated via the Fresnel equation and applied to data reductions of microwave radiometer measurements.
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  • 36
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    Limits to the NEP of an intracavity LiNbO3 upconverter (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Limits to low noise equivalent power (NEP) operation of a lithium niobate upconverter are investigated. Upconversion is achieved inside the optical cavity of an Ar-ion laser. Limits to NEP are imposed by limits to conversion efficiency and by noise present in the upconversion process. Conversion efficiency is limited by thermal effects in the lithium niobate. Thermally induced wedging, focusing, and aberrations are caused by the lithium niobate absorption at the 514.5-nm argon pump wavelength. The primary component of noise in the upconverter is due to upconversion of thermal radiation from the lithium niobate crystal. The lowest NEP, at a wavelength of 3.4 microns, achieved in this study was 8.9 x 10 to the -14th W/(Hz to the 1/2 power).
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  • 37
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    Helicopter theory (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A comprehensive presentation is made of the engineering analysis methods used in the design, development and evaluation of helicopters. After an introduction covering the fundamentals of helicopter rotors, configuration and operation, rotary wing history, and the analytical notation used in the text, the following topics are discussed: (1) vertical flight, including momentum, blade element and vortex theories, induced power, vertical drag and ground effect; (2) forward flight, including in addition to momentum and vortex theory for this mode such phenomena as rotor flapping and its higher harmonics, tip loss and root cutout, compressibility and pitch-flap coupling; (3) hover and forward flight performance assessment; (4) helicopter rotor design; (5) rotary wing aerodynamics; (6) rotary wing structural dynamics, including flutter, flap-lag dynamics ground resonance and vibration and loads; (7) helicopter aeroelasticity; (8) stability and control (flying qualities); (9) stall; and (10) noise.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
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    Small Transport Aircraft Technology (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The article surveys the results of the NASA-instituted Small Transport Aircraft Technology (STAT) research effort aimed at generating advanced technologies for application to new small, short haul transports having significantly better performance, efficiency, and environmental compatibility. Discussion covers fuselage designs and bonded aluminum-honeycomb wing construction which reduces the number of parts and fasteners, and gives a smoother outer contour. Topics discussed include: advanced aluminum alloys, composite primary structures, propellers, engine components, icing protection, avionics, flight controls, aerodynamics, and gust load alleviation.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 18; Feb. 198
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  • 39
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    Some dynamic and time-averaged flow measurements in a turbine rig (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Four types of sensors were used to make both dynamic and time-averaged flow measurements in a cold turbine rig to determine the magnitude of errors in time-averaged total-pressure measurement at a station 5 1/2 blade cords downstream from the rotor. The errors turned out to be negligible. The sensors and their intended use are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 40
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    Constrained optimum trajectories with specified range (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The characteristics of optimum fixed-range trajectories whose structure is constrained to climb, steady cruise, and descent segments are derived by application of optimal control theory. The performance function consists of the sum of fuel and time costs, referred to as direct operating costs (DOC). The state variable is range-to-go and the independent variable is energy. In this formulation a cruise segment always occurs at the optimum cruise energy for sufficiently large range. At short ranges (500 n. mi. and less) a cruise segment may also occur below the optimum cruise energy. The existence of such a cruise segment depends primarily on the fuel flow vs thrust characteristics and on thrust constraints. If thrust is a free control variable along with airspeed, it is shown that such cruise segments will not generally occur. If thrust is constrained to some maximum value in climb and to some minimum in descent, such cruise segments generally will occur. The performance difference between free thrust and constrained thrust trajectories has been determined in computer calculations for an example transport aircraft.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Journal of Guidance and Control; 3; Jan
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  • 41
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    Nonlinear optical processing with Fabry-Perot interferometers containing phase recording media (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: New techniques in nonlinear optical processing are explored, based on the operation of intensity level selection as performed by a Fabry-Perot interferometer containing a phase object. The image being processed is recorded on a medium between the mirrors as a spatially varying phase shift less than pi. The interferometer only transmits light through those portions of the object that corresponds to a single value of the phase and hence to a single intensity level in the input. More complicated operations such as thresholding and analog-to-digital conversion are performed by modulating the light source as the different levels are selected. Photoresist and lithium niobate have been used as phase objects, and experimental data for both are presented. Three kinds of Fabry-Perot interferometers have been used to demonstrate nonlinear processing using coherent and incoherent light. Color images have been produced with black and white inputs and white light illumination.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 42
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    Digital recording acquisition subsystem for radio interferometry applications implementation plan (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The digital recording acquisition subsystem (DRAS) is a wideband digital recording system that can accommodate data sample rates from 0.125 to 8 MHz in binary increments. The implementation of the DRAS for radio interferometry applications in support of the Crustal Dynamics Project is described. The functional and performance characteristics of the equipment and the key aspects of the implementation plan are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition Rept.; p 9-14
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  • 43
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    Laser beam manifold and particle photography system for use in fluid velocity measurements (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A laser beam manifold and particle photography system has been developed for use in fluid velocity measurements. The laser manifold is a device which transforms a single laser beam into several uniform parallel beams. By orienting two manifolds mutually perpendicular, an optical grid can be formed which acts as a reference for fluid velocity measurements. This optical grid is for all practical purposes totally nonperturbing to the flow. Tracer particles moving in the plane of the grid are then photographed to yield fluid velocities that can be measured relative to the optical grid. System construction and theory are presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 51; Nov. 198
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  • 44
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    Shipboard trials of the Quiet Short-Haul Research Aircraft /QSRA/ (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The feasibility of the application of advanced state-of-the-art high lift STOL aircraft in the aircraft carrier environment was evaluated using the NASA Quiet Short-Haul Research Aircraft (QSRA). The QSRA made repeated unarrested landings and free deck takeoffs from the USS Kitty Hawk while being flown by three pilots of significant different backgrounds. The exercise demonstrated that the USB propulsive lift technology presents no unusual problems in the aircraft carrier environment. Optimum parameters for landing the QSRA were determined from the shore-based program; these proved satisfactory during operations aboard ship. Correlation of shipboard experience with shore-based data indicates that both free deck takeoffs and unarrested landings could be conducted with zero to 35 knots of wind across the deck of an aircraft carrier the size of the USS Kitty Hawk.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
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  • 45
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    The XV-15 tilt rotor research aircraft (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The XV-15 tilt rotor has shown good handling qualities in all modes of flight; in the helicopter mode it allows precision hover and agility with low pilot workload. Vibration and noise levels are low; the conversion procedure is easy, with satisfactory acceleration or deceleration. The XV-15 handling demonstrated its potential for many civil and military applications.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
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  • 46
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    The Magsat precision vector magnetometer (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: This paper examines the Magsat precision vector magnetometer which is designed to measure projections of the ambient field in three orthogonal directions. The system contains a highly stable and linear triaxial fluxgate magnetometer with a dynamic range of + or - 2000 nT (1 nT = 10 to the -9 weber per sq m). The magnetometer electronics, analog-to-digital converter, and digitally controlled current sources are implemented with redundant designs to avoid a loss of data in case of failures. Measurements are carried out with an accuracy of + or - 1 part in 64,000 in magnitude and 5 arcsec in orientation (1 arcsec = 0.00028 deg).
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest; 1; July-Sep
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  • 47
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    The Magsat scalar magnetometer (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The Magsat scalar magnetometer is derived from optical pumping magnetometers flown on the orbiting geophysical observatories. The basic sensor, a cross-coupled arrangement of absorption cells, photodiodes, and amplifiers, oscillates at the Larmor frequency of atomic moments precessing about the ambient field direction. The Larmor frequency output is accumulated digitally and stored for transfer to the spacecraft telemetry stream. In orbit the instrument has met its principal objective of calibrating the vector magnetometer and providing scalar field data.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest; 1; July-Sep
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  • 48
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    Convolution of a Doppler line by a Gaussian instrument function (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A simple and direct method is obtained for assessing the distortion of a Doppler line by a Gaussian instrument function. It is suggested that a close approximation to the width of a Gaussian instrument function, or an almost Gaussian function, may be obtained by measuring a line with a Doppler absorption coefficient. The method is applicable to diode laser measurements, and may be used whenever a Gaussian instrument function is a reasonable approximation to real conditions
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy; 81; 1980
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  • 49
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    Application of an advanced trajectory optimization method to ramjet propelled missiles (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The mission performance characteristics of ramjet-propelled missiles are highly dependent upon the trajectory flown. Integration of the trajectory profile with the ramjet propulsion system performance characteristics to achieve optimal missile performance is very complex. Past trajectory optimization methods have been extremely problem dependent and require a high degree of familiarity to achieve success. A general computer code (CTOP) has been applied to ramjet-powered missiles to compute open-loop optimal trajectories. CTOP employs Chebyshev polynomial representations of the states and controls. This allows a transformation of the continuous optimal control problem to one of parameter optimization. With this method, the trajectory boundary conditions are always satisfied. State dynamics and path constraints are enforced via penalty functions. The presented results include solutions to minimum fuel-to-climb, minimum time-to-climb, and minimum time-to-target intercept problems.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Optimal Control Applications and Methods; 1; Oct
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  • 50
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    Supersonic cruise vehicle research/business jet (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A comparison study of a GE-21 variable propulsion system with a Multimode Integrated Propulsion System (MMIPS) was conducted while installed in small M = 2.7 supersonic cruise vehicles with military and business jet possibilities. The 1984 state of the art vehicles were sized to the same transatlantic range, takeoff distance, and sideline noise. The results indicate the MMIPS would result in a heavier vehicle with better subsonic cruise performance. The MMIPS arrangement with one fan engine and two satellite turbojet engines would not be appropriate for a small supersonic business jet because of design integration penalties and lack of redundancy.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Supersonic Cruise Res., 1979, Pt. 2; p 935-949
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  • 51
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    A family of supersonic airplanes: Technical and economic feasibility (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: To improve the prospects for success in the market place, the family approach is essential to the design of future supersonic airplanes. The evolution from a basic supersonic airplane to a family could follow historic patterns, with one exception: substantial changes in passenger carrying capacity will be difficult by the conventional fuselage "doughnut" approach so successfully used on the cylindrical fuselage of subsonic airplanes. The primary reasons for this difference include the requirement for highly integrated "area ruled" configurations, to give the desired high supersonic aerodynamic efficiency, and other physical limitations such as takeoff and landing rotation. A concept for a supersonic airplane family that could effectively solve the variable range and passenger capacity problem provides for modification of the fuselage cross section that makes it possible to build a family of three airplanes with four, five, and six abreast passenger seating. This is done by replacing or modifying portions of the fuselage. All airplanes share the same wing, engines, and major subsystems. Only small sections of the fuselage would be different, and aerodynamic efficiency need not be compromised.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Supersonic Cruise Res., 1979, Pt. 2; p 833-854
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  • 52
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    Overview of Boeing supersonic transport efforts, 1971 - 1979 (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Following cancellation of the United States Supersonic Transport program, the status of the technology was assessed carefully and emphasis was put on finding solutions for what were considered the major technical difficulties. In particular, work on the breakthroughs needed to advance the technology was emphasized. Currently, solutions to all major technical problems are identified. Depending on the subject, either the problem is no longer a concern or the steps needed to bring about a solution are mapped out clearly. Throughout the NASA SCR program, important strides were made in the identification of design advances which would greatly improve supersonic airplane fuel efficiency, noise, and other performance and cost affecting parameters. Furthermore, these efforts created an atmosphere in which it was possible for new ideas to flourish and positive inventions to take place such as the variable cycle engine and the blended fuselage. These technical gains show that, given availability of such technology, advanced supersonic transports could be developed that would be economically successful and environmentally acceptable.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Supersonic Cruise Res., 1979, Pt. 2; p 821-832
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  • 53
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    Structural concept trends for commercial supersonic cruise aircraft design (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Structural concept trends for future commercial supersonic transport aircraft are considered. Highlights, including the more important design conditions and requirements, of two studies are discussed. Knowledge of these design parameters, as determined through studies involving the application of flexible mathematical models, enabled inclusion of aeroelastic considerations in the structural-material concepts evaluation. The design trends and weight data of the previous contractual study of Mach 2.7 cruise aircraft were used as the basis for incorporating advanced materials and manufacturing approaches to the airframe for reduced weight and cost. Structural studies of design concepts employing advanced aluminum alloys, advanced composites, and advanced titanium alloy and manufacturing techniques are compared for a Mach 2.0 arrow-wing configuration concept. Appraisals of the impact of these new materials and manufacturing concepts to the airframe design are shown and compared. The research and development to validate the potential sources of weight and cost reduction identified as necessary to attain a viable advanced commercial supersonic transport are discussed.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Supersonic Cruise Res., 1979 pt. 2; p 563-587
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  • 54
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    Space Telescope astrometry from CCD images (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The astrometric application of the Wide Field Camera and the Planetary Camera is reviewed. It is shown that the digital image centering algorithms can yield a positional accuracy of 0.1 milli-arcsecond. Deconvolution of CCD's sensitivity, non-flatness of the filters, and crinkling of the CCD surface may limit the positional accuracy of 1 milli-arcsecond.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 55
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    Performance of fused silica as a filter in a wide field-of-view earth radiation budget radiometer (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The thermal response of the fused silica dome filter in an earth radiation budget WFOV shortwave channel conceptual design and the impact of that response on the channel measurement, is described. Attention is given to results from design definition and performance analysis studies. Consideration is given to problems associated with achieving the desired levels of confidence in a high accuracy filtered earth radiation budget WFOV radiometer. Finally, design approaches, ground calibration, and data reduction techniques that minimize measurement uncertainties are covered.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 19; June 1
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  • 56
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    Design challenges of the thematic mapper (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper discusses the Thematic Mapper (TM), a multispectral earth resources sensor that will be launched on the Landsat-D satellite. The TM will operate in a circular, near-polar orbit of 750-km altitude and will scan a swath of earth 185 km wide. One TM mirror is a moving scan mirror, active during the forward and reverse scans; the final design of this component incorporates a mirror which has the required linearity and is not influenced by structural vibration. Another TM component that presented a design difficulty was the optical metering structure which has to be thermally stable across the temperature range in the instrument's orbital environment and duty cycle.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing; GE-18; Apr. 198
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  • 57
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    Ultrasonic spectrum analysis using frequency-tracked gated RF pulses (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A new method of ultrasonic frequency analysis is introduced which employs frequency-tracked gated RF drive pulses rather than shock-excited broadband spikes to generate the ultrasonic waveform. The new technique, a variation of the sampled-continuous wave technique, eliminates problems associated with finite pulse widths of conventional methods. It is shown to yield correct ultrasonic wave velocity measurements of the sample irrespective of receiver gate width or position provided any portions of two successive echoes are gated simultaneously into the spectrum analyzer. The experimental observations are substantiated by a theoretical model based on the time-frequency domain formulation of ultrasonic frequency analysis.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Acoustical Society of America; vol. 67
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  • 58
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    Water depth measurement using an airborne pulsed neon laser system (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper presents the water depth measurement using an airborne pulsed neon laser system. The results of initial base-line field test results of NASA airborne oceanographic lidar in the bathymetry mode are given, with water-truth measurements of depth and beam attenuation coefficients by boat taken at the same time as overflights to aid in determining the system's operational performance. The nadir-angle tests and field-of-view data are presented; this laser bathymetry system is an improvement over prior models in that (1) the surface-to-bottom pulse waveform is digitally recorded on magnetic tape, and (2) wide-swath mapping data may be routinely acquired using a 30 deg full-angle conical scanner.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 19; Mar. 15
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  • 59
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    Composite aircraft structures (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: In late 1975, the Aircraft Energy Efficiency (ACEE) program was initiated by NASA in order to accelerate the development of selected technologies which showed promise for substantial improvements in the fuel efficiency of commercial transport aircraft. A description is presented of the status of the composite structure development programs which form one of the six sections of the ACEE program. Six aircraft components are currently being developed under NASA contract by three major transport manufacturers. The components include the upper aft rudder of the Douglas DC-10, the inboard ailerons of the Lockheed L-1011, the elevators of the Boeing 727, the vertical stabilizers for the Lockheed L-1011 and Douglas DC-10, and the horizontal stabilizers of the Boeing 737. It is found that the composite components show a high potential for achieving cost comparability with the metal parts they are designed to replace.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
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  • 60
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    Noise adding radiometer performance analysis (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The DSN noise adding radiometer (NAR) measurement accuracy is analyzed. The NAR capability is part of the precision power monitor function recently introduced in the DSN. The potential system noise temperature measurement accuracy is estimated to be about 1.5% with the 1 kelvin noise diode. Performance verification requires comparison noise temperature measurements with the manual Y factor method and routine monitoring of critical elements in the NAR system such as system linearity and noise diode calibration. A technique is presented to calibrate and reduce the effects of the receiving system nonlinearity. Unsatisfactory performance or degradation of these critical NAR elements would require appropriate system upgrading.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition Rept.; p 98-106
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  • 61
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    The table mountain 8-mm-wavelength interferometer (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The system components, performance, and calibration of two element radio interferometer operating at 8.33 mm wavelength are discussed. The interferometer employs a 5.5 m and a 3 m diameter antenna on an east-west baseline of 60 or 120 m, yielding fringe spacings at transit of 28 or 14 in. respectively. The broad intermediate frequency bandpass of 100 to 350 MHz and the system noise temperature of 500 K provide high sensitivity for the measurement of continuum sources. The interferometer has been used for high resolution studies of the planets and the Sun, and it is currently being adapted to study solar flare emissions at high spatial and time resolution.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition Rept.; p 1-8
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  • 62
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    Spacelab energetic ion mass spectrometer (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Basic design criteria are given for an ion mass spectrometer for use in studying magnetospheric ion populations. The proposed instrument is composed of an electrostatic analyzer followed by a magnetic spectrometer and simultaneously measures the energy per unit and mass per unit charge of the ion species. An electromagnet is used for momentum analysis to extend the operational energy range over a much wider domain than is possible with the permanent magnets used in previous flights. The energetic ion source regions, ion energization mechanisms, field line tracing, coordinated investigations, and orbit considerations are discussed and operations of the momentum analyzer and of the electrostatic energy analyzer are examined.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Space Plasma Phys. Active Expt.; p 91-106
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  • 63
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    Supersonic wings with significant leading-edge thrust at cruise (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Experimental/theoretical correlations are presented which show that significant levels of leading edge thrust are possible at supersonic speeds for certain planforms which match the theoretical thrust distribution potential with the supporting airfoil geometry. The analytical process employed spanwise distribution of both it and/or that component of full theoretical thrust which acts as vortex lift. Significantly improved aerodynamic performance in the moderate supersonic speed regime is indicated.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Supersonic Cruise Res. 1979, Pt. 1; p 229-246
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  • 64
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    The WISP/HF system for Spacelab (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The high frequency part of the waves in space plasmas system, WISP/HF, is a flexible shuttle Spacelab instrument for transmitting, receiving, and processing signals in the 0.3 to 30 MHz range. It permits a wide range of plasma wave experiments in the ionosphere including studies of the transmitting antenna, fundamentals of electromagnetic (EM) and electrostatic (ES) waves in magnetoplasmas, instabilities and nonlinearities, and remote sounding of ionospheric structure. Collaborative investigations involving other WISP equipment (e.g., antenna and propagation studies with the WISP/VLF system) or other Spacelab facilities (e.g., beam plasma interactions using charged particle guns) are envisaged. A few specific examples illustrate the relevance of WISP/HF to current scientific interest. The overall goal is to help build a comprehensive understanding of plasmaspheric wave physics through group studies.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Flight Center Space Plasma Phys. Active Expt.; p 173-184
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  • 65
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    A polarimeter for the high resolution ultraviolet spectrometer/polarimeter (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The design requirements of the polarimeter were established by the scientific optical objectives of the experiment to be launched aboard the Solar Max Mission which will study active solar regions. The polarization of the light is accomplished by a rotating magnesium fluoride quarter wave plate. The quarter wave plates are rotated in 22 1/2 degree steps about an axis coincidental with the light beam. As the light beam passes through the wave plate, the transformation that occurs can be expressed by mathematical equations. By having the wave plates calibrated, the data obtained from solar flares can be analyzed and meaningful information provided to the investigators. The polarimeter has two wave plates with different optical characteristics to provide both redundancy and versatility. A four mirror polarizer was added behind one wave plate to provide additional polarization. The mechanical design, testing, and operation of the polarimeter for the high resolution ultraviolet spectrometer/polarimeter are described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Proc. of the 14th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 303-310
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  • 66
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    Airplane wing leading edge variable camber flap (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The invention and design of an aerodynamic high lift device which provided a solution to an aircraft performance problem are described. The performance problem of converting a high speed cruise airfoil into a low speed aerodynamic shape that would provide landing and take-off characteristics superior to those available with contemporary high lift devices are addressed. The need for an improved wing leading edge device that would complement the high lift performance of a triple slotted trailing edge flap is examined. The mechanical and structural aspects of the variable camber flap are discussed and the aerodynamic performance aspects only as they relate to the invention and design of the device are presented.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Proc. of the 14th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 225-235
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    Effects on inlet technology on cruise speed selection (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The impact of cruise speed on technology level for certain aircraft components is examined. External-compression inlets were compared with mixed compression, self starting inlets at cruise Mach numbers of 2.0 and 2.3. Inlet engine combinations that provided the greatest aircraft range were identified. Results show that increased transonic to cruise corrected air flow ratio gives decreased range for missions dominated by supersonic cruise. It is also found important that inlets be designed to minimize spillage drag at subsonic cruise, because of the need for efficient performance for overland operations. The external compression inlet emerged as the probable first choice at Mach 2.0, while the self starting inlet was the probable first choice at Mach 2.3. Airframe propulsion system interference effects were significant, and further study is needed to assess the existing design methods and to develop improvements.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Supersonic Cruise Res., 1979, pt. 1; p 391-411
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    Wide angle Michelson Doppler imaging interferometer (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The optical system, stepping control, phase and modulation depth, array detector, and directions sensor are described for a specialized type of Michelson interferometer which works at sufficiently high resolution to measure the line widths and Doppler shifts of naturally occurring atmospheric emissions. With its imaging capability, the instrument can potentially supply this data independently for each element of the 100 x 100 detector array. The experiment seeks: (1) to obtain vertical profiles of atmospheric winds and temperatures as functions of latitude by observing near the limb; (2) to acquire exploratory wind and temperature data on smaller scale structures in airglow irregularities and in auroral forms; and (3) to collaborate with other Spacelab experiments, such as barium cloud releases, in providing wind and temperature data.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Flight Center Space Plasma Phys. Active Expt.; p 75-90
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    Magnetospheric multiprobes: Investigations and instrumentation (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The multiprobe scientific objectives are to: (1) determine the spatial structure of plasma phenomena such as the aurora, convection reversals, and ion troughs; (2) separate spatial and temporal variations in these phenomena; (3) determine field aligned current densities; (4) perform multiple point analysis of particle beams, wave fields, and plasma clouds that are injected into the ionosphere and magnetosphere by Spacelab active experiment facilities. Trade studies described include: instrument accommodations, power, attitude determination, electric field antennas, storage and ejection, thermal control, tracking communications, command and data management, payload and mission specialist support, functional objectives, and orbital analysis.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Space Plasma Phys. Active Expt.; p 185-214
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  • 70
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    P78-2 (SCATHA) satellite thermal balance test, a laboratory test (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Space simulation test programs can be carried out with a high probability of being troublefree with a competent staff, a well-maintained test facility and attention to interfaces; however, full-up thermal balance tests using the solar simulator, temperature control of infrared sources, the gimbal, a large number of thermocouples, and other requirements for a high fidelity thermal balance are still a challenge. The P78-2 (Scatha) satellite was successfully tested with one interruption and a four-day abbreviated retest to verify a modification. This was accomplished in spite of the new test crew, a facility beset with several operational problems, and marginal interface control. These problems were addressed with very good results. Subsequent tests have been highly successful.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center The 11th Space Simulation Conf.; P 298-304
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  • 71
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    NASA general aviation stall/spin flight testing (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: A comprehensive program incorporating spin tunnel, static and rotary balance wind tunnel, full scale wind tunnel, free flight radio control model, flight simulation, and full scale flight testing was undertaken. Work includes aerodynamic definition of various configurations at high angles of attack, testing of stall and spin prevention concepts, definition of spin and spin recovery characteristics, and development of test techniques and emergency spin recovery systems. Some of the more interesting results to date are presented for the first airplane in the program in the areas of tail design, wind leading edge design, mass distribution, center of gravity location, and small airframe changes, with associated pilot observations. Design philosophy of the spin recovery parachute system is discussed, in addition to test techniques.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Society of Experimental Test Pilots Tech. Rev., Vol. 15, No. 1; p 36-49
    Format: text
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  • 72
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    The Quiet Short-haul Research Aircraft (QSRA) (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The Quiet Short-Haul Research Aircraft (QSRA) is to be used as a flight facility for advanced flight experiments in terminal area operations. The overall objective of the QSRA program is to expand the technology base of the upper surface blowing propulsive lift concept in order to establish design criteria for the aircraft industry and to establish criteria for advanced STOL aircraft.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Society of Experimental Test Pilots Soc. of Exptl. Test Pilots Tech. Rev., Vol. 14, No. 4; p 77-93
    Format: text
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  • 73
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    GSFC specification electronic data processing magnetic recording tape (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The design requirements are given for magnetic oxide coated, electronic data processing tape, wound on reels. Magnetic recording tape types covered by this specification are intended for use on digital tape transports using the Non-Return-to-Zero-change-on-ones (NRZI) recording method for recording densities up to and including 800 characters per inch (cpi) and the Phase-Encoding (PE) recording method for a recording density of 1600 cpi.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-80599 , NAS 1.15:80599
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  • 74
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    Development of Integrated Programs for Aerospace-vechicle Design (IPAD). IPAD user requirements: Implementation (first-level IPAD) (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The requirements implementation strategy for first level development of the Integrated Programs for Aerospace Vehicle Design (IPAD) computing system is presented. The capabilities of first level IPAD are sufficient to demonstrated management of engineering data on two computers (CDC CYBER 170/720 and DEC VAX 11/780 computers) using the IPAD system in a distributed network environment.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-CR-162713 , NAS 1.26:162713 , D6-IPAD-70016-D-1
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  • 75
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    Apparatus and method for destructive removal of particles contained in flowing fluid (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An apparatus and method for destructively removing particles from a flowing gas containing the particles is described. In the specific embodiments disclosed the apparatus is adapted to remove carbon particles from diesel engine exhaust products. The exhaust products are directed to a predetermined location where they are rapidly vaporized and combine with oxygen in the exhaust products to form carbon dioxide. Vaporization in one embodiment is effected by a discharge grid located within an exhaust conduit, the grid being chosen so that alternate conductors defining the grid are spaced apart a distance approximately 125 times the mean diameter of the particles to be removed. A voltage differential of approximately 690 volts is applied across adjacent conductors.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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    Study of materials performance model for aircraft interiors (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A demonstration version of an aircraft interior materials computer data library was developed and contains information on selected materials applicable to aircraft seats and wall panels, including materials for the following: panel face sheets, bond plies, honeycomb, foam, decorative film systems, seat cushions, adhesives, cushion reinforcements, fire blocking layers, slipcovers, decorative fabrics and thermoplastic parts. The information obtained for each material pertains to the material's performance in a fire scenario, selected material properties and several measures of processability.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-CR-152378
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  • 77
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    Self-calibrating threshold detector (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A self calibrating threshold detector comprises a single demodulating channel which includes a mixer having one input receiving the incoming signal and another input receiving a local replica code. During a short time interval, an incorrect local code is applied to the mixer to incorrectly demodulate the incoming signal and to provide a reference level that calibrates the noise propagating through the channel. A sample and hold circuit is coupled to the channel for storing a sample of the reference level. During a relatively long time interval, the correct replica code provides an output level which ranges between the reference level and a maximum level that represents incoming signal presence and synchronism with the replica code. A summer substracts the stored sample reference from the output level to provide a resultant difference signal indicative of the acquisition of the expected signal.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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    An evaluation of NASA's program for improving aircraft fuel efficiency (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The report provides commentary and recommendations where appropriate on each of the major elements of the program. Key findings of the committee included a recommendation that closer ties be established between NASA and the FAA to expedite the use and acceptance of the new technology. The committee also cited the potential for fuel savings through an imporved air traffic control system and recommended that the management of NASA and the FAA discuss ways and means to work together to exploit more effectively the capabilities and responsibilities of each to develop air traffic control.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-CR-164015 , PB81-116790
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    Development of advanced techniques for rotorcraft state estimation and parameter identification (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An integrated methodology for rotorcraft system identification consists of rotorcraft mathematical modeling, three distinct data processing steps, and a technique for designing inputs to improve the identifiability of the data. These elements are as follows: (1) a Kalman filter smoother algorithm which estimates states and sensor errors from error corrupted data. Gust time histories and statistics may also be estimated; (2) a model structure estimation algorithm for isolating a model which adequately explains the data; (3) a maximum likelihood algorithm for estimating the parameters and estimates for the variance of these estimates; and (4) an input design algorithm, based on a maximum likelihood approach, which provides inputs to improve the accuracy of parameter estimates. Each step is discussed with examples to both flight and simulated data cases.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-CR-159297
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  • 80
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    Specifying and calibrating instrumentations for wideband electronic power measurements (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The wideband electric power measurement related topics of electronic wattmeter calibration and specification are discussed. Tested calibration techniques are described in detail. Analytical methods used to determine the bandwidth requirements of instrumentation for switching circuit waveforms are presented and illustrated with examples from electric vehicle type applications. Analog multiplier wattmeters, digital wattmeters and calculating digital oscilloscopes are compared. The instrumentation characteristics which are critical to accurate wideband power measurement are described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-81545 , DOE/NASA/1044-8
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  • 81
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    Low cost cryostat (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A cryostat for use in a low or a substantially gravity-free environment adapted to cool an experiment through the use of helium 2, or helium in its super fluid state is characterized by a number of interchangeable daughter dewars and helium supply or mother dewar. A low pressure venting system is provided for converting helium contained in the mother dewar to a superfluid state for use as a primary cryogen. Each daughter dewar is adapted to be removably mounted in mated relation on the mother dewar and is characterized by support for an experiment package, a source of helium to be employed as a secondary cryogen. A heat pipe is suspended from each daughter dewar and adapted to be extended into the mother dewar for facilitating cooling of the secondary cryogen. A transfer of heat from the package to the primary cryogen, via the secondary cryogen, is accommodated as a film flow of helium 2 progresses from the heat pipe to the experiment dewar.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 82
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    YF-12 cooperative airframe/propulsion control system program, volume 1 (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Several YF-12C airplane analog control systems were converted to a digital system. Included were the air data computer, autopilot, inlet control system, and autothrottle systems. This conversion was performed to allow assessment of digital technology applications to supersonic cruise aircraft. The digital system was composed of a digital computer and specialized interface unit. A large scale mathematical simulation of the airplane was used for integration testing and software checkout.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-CR-163099 , SP-5317 , H-1136
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  • 83
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    Design Studies for a Far Infrared Absolute Spectrometer for the Cosmic Background Explorer (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Unrelenting symmetry of design is required to assure the thermal balance of a cryogenically cooled, rapid scan interferometer spectrometer to be mounted in vacuum with the Cosmic Background Explorer liquid helium dewar. The instrument receives inputs from Winston cone optical flux collectors, one open to space and a second coupled to a black body reference source. A differential instrument, the spectrometer produces outputs corresponding to the Fourier transform of the spectral radiance difference between the two inputs. The two outputs are sensed by four detectors, two optimized for shorter wavelength response, and two optimized for longer wavelengths. The optical design, detector and signal channel, system sensitivity, mechanics, thermal control and cryogenics, electronics and power systems, command and control, calibration, system test requirements, and the instrument interface are discussed. Recommendations for continued work are indicated for the superconducting reflective horns, the motor bearing and drive, and design detail.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-160051 , BE-79-808
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  • 84
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    A modified T-value method for selection of strain gages for measuring loads on a low aspect ratio wing (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A technique which may be useful for selecting strain gages for use in load equations is described. The technique is an adaptation of the previously used T-value method and is applied to a multispar structure. The technique, called the modified T-value method, is used to reduce the number of strain gages used in a load equation from twelve to two. A parallel reduction is made by calculating relative equation accuracies from three applied load distributions. The equations developed from the modified T-value method proved to be accurate more consistently than the T-value method.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-TP-1748 , H-1108
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  • 85
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    A mathematical model of the CH-53 helicopter (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A mathematical model suitable for real time simulation of the CH-53 helicopter is presented. This model, which is based on modified nonlinear classical rotor theory and nonlinear fuselage aerodynamics, will be used to support terminal-area guidance and navigation studies on a fixed-base simulator. Validation is achieved by comparing the model response with that of a similar aircraft and by a qualitative comparison of the handling characteristics made by experienced pilots.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-TM-81238 , A-8345
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    The effect of thermal stresses on the integrity of three built-up aircraft structures (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A Mach 6 flight was simulated in order to examine heating effects on three frame/skin specimens. The specimens included: a titanium truss frame with a lockalloy skin; a stainless steel z-frame with a lockalloy skin; and a titanium z-frame with a lockalloy skin. Thermal stresses and temperature were measured on these specimens for the purpose of examining their efficiency, performance, and integrity. Measured thermal stresses were examined with respect to material yield strengths, buckling criteria, structural weight, and geometric locations. Principal thermal stresses were studied from the standpoint of uniaxial stress assumptions. Measured thermal stresses were compared to predicted values.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-TM-81352 , H-1138
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    Determination of optimum voltages of ion focusing devices using computer techniques (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Electric potentials for two dimensional cross sections of ion focusing devices used in a mass spectrometer are calculated via a series of computer programs designed to compute potentials between areas of fixed voltages. Ion trajectories within these devices may be determined by computer and a histogram obtained which plots ion density against ion position along a plate of the focusing device. For each lens system, a plate voltage may be changed, the electric potentials recalculated, and a new histogram calculated in order to determine if the new voltage configuration has increased the device's efficiency. This process may be repeated until the optimum voltage values have been found for maximum particle transmission in each focusing device.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-163730
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  • 88
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    Outer planet investigations using a CCD camera system (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Problems related to analog noise, data transfer from the camera buffer to the storage computer, and loss of sensitivity of a two dimensional charge coupled device imaging system are reported. To calibrate the CCD system, calibrated UBV pinhole scans of the Saturn disk were obtained with a photoelectric area scanning photometer. Atmospheric point spread functions were also obtained. The UBV observations and models of the Saturn atmosphere are analyzed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-163704
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  • 89
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    Bibliography on aerodynamics of airframe/engine integration of high-speed turbine-powered aircraft, volume 1 (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This bibliography was developed as a first step in the preparation of a monograph on the subject of the aerodynamics of airframe/engine integration of high speed turbine powered aircraft. It lists 1535 unclassified documents published mainly in the period from 1955 to 1980. Primary emphasis was devoted to aerodynamic problems and interferences encountered in the integration process; however, extensive coverage also was given to the characteristics and problems of the isolated propulsion system elements. A detailed topic breakdown structure is used. The primary contents of the individual documents are indicated by the combination of the document's title and its location within the framework of the bibliography.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-TM-81814 , L-13251-VOL-1
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  • 90
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    A computer program for cyclic plasticity and structural fatigue analysis (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A computerized tool for the analysis of time independent cyclic plasticity structural response, life to crack initiation prediction, and crack growth rate prediction for metallic materials is described. Three analytical items are combined: the finite element method with its associated numerical techniques for idealization of the structural component, cyclic plasticity models for idealization of the material behavior, and damage accumulation criteria for the fatigue failure.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-CR-163101 , H-1139
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  • 91
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    Electrical torques on the electrostatic gyro in the gyro relativity experiment (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A comprehensive discussion and calculation of electrical torques on an electrostatic gyro as they relate to the gyroscope experiment to test general relativity is presented. Drift rates were computed for some typical state of the art rotors, including higher harmonics in the rotor shape. The effect of orbital averaging of gravity gradient forces, roll averaging of torques, and the effect of spin averaging on the effective shape of the rotor were considered. The electrical torques are reduced sufficiently in a low g environment to permit a measurement of the relativistic drifts predicted by general relativity.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-78311
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  • 92
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    The XV-15 tilt rotor research aircraft (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The design characteristics of the XV-15 Tilt rotor research aircraft are presented. Particular attention is given to the following: control system; conversion system; and propulsion system. Flight test results are also reported.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-TM-81244 , AVRADCOM-TR-80-A-15 , A-8343
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  • 93
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    Distance corrections for single- and dual-color lasers by ray tracing (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The physical arc length difference between the red and blue beam of a dual-color laser generates an error term in determining Delta-n as well as n (the refractive index) and D (the line length). Numerical ray trace examples and theoretical approximations show that the resulting relative error Delta-D/D increases as D-squared. Error reduction by a factor of nearly 10 is possible by using the pressure, temperature, and humidity of both endpoints to calculate n. The present study results from a desire to improve the precision of monitoring the local and regional position of the Lunar Laser Ranging Observatory atop Haleakala, Maui, Hawaii; the monitoring of the earth's crustal deformation and strain is a primary concern of the study.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Nov. 10
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    Energy-selective SESD imaging utilizing a CMA (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A particularly simple conversion of a scanning Auger system for ESD ion energy distributions and scanning ESD has been developed. This approach combines the advantages of the small spot-size electron guns and mapping systems developed for SAM with the capability of ESD for the detection of hydrogen. Our intended use for the device is detection and mapping of surface concentrations of hydrogen on metals. The characteristics of SESD are illustrated with the preliminary results of an investigation into the ESD properties of hydrogenic adsorbates on Nb. It is shown that the ESDIED exhibit distinct differences indicative of the surface preparation, and that the ESD ion angular distributions have an effect on the observed contrast relationships in SESD.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology; 17; Nov
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    A mathematical model for Vertical Attitude Takeoff and Landing (VATOL) aircraft simulation. Volume 2: Model equations and base aircraft data (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Equations incorporated in a VATOL six degree of freedom off-line digital simulation program and data for the Vought SF-121 VATOL aircraft concept which served as the baseline for the development of this program are presented. The equations and data are intended to facilitate the development of a piloted VATOL simulation. The equation presentation format is to state the equations which define a particular model segment. Listings of constants required to quantify the model segment, input variables required to exercise the model segment, and output variables required by other model segments are included. In several instances a series of input or output variables are followed by a section number in parentheses which identifies the model segment of origination or termination of those variables.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-CR-166129-VOL-2
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  • 96
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    A mathematical model for Vertical Attitude Takeoff and Landing (VATOL) aircraft simulation. Volume 3: User's manual for VATOL simulation program (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Instructions for using Vertical Attitude Takeoff and Landing Aircraft Simulation (VATLAS), the digital simulation program for application to vertical attitude takeoff and landing (VATOL) aircraft developed for installation on the NASA Ames CDC 7600 computer system are described. The framework for VATLAS is the Off-Line Simulation (OLSIM) routine. The OLSIM routine provides a flexible framework and standardized modules which facilitate the development of off-line aircraft simulations. OLSIM runs under the control of VTOLTH, the main program, which calls the proper modules for executing user specified options. These options include trim, stability derivative calculation, time history generation, and various input-output options.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-CR-166129-VOL-3
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    Turboprop Cargo Aircraft Systems study, phase 1 (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The effects of advanced propellers (propfan) on aircraft direct operating costs, fuel consumption, and noiseprints were determined. A comparison of three aircraft selected from the results with competitive turbofan aircraft shows that advanced turboprop aircraft offer these potential benefits, relative to advanced turbofan aircraft: 21 percent fuel saving, 26 percent higher fuel efficiency, 15 percent lower DOCs, and 25 percent shorter field lengths. Fuel consumption for the turboprop is nearly 40 percent less than for current commercial turbofan aircraft. Aircraft with both types of propulsion satisfy current federal noise regulations. Advanced turboprop aircraft have smaller noiseprints at 90 EPNdB than advanced turbofan aircraft, but large noiseprints at 70 and 80 EPNdB levels, which are usually suggested as quietness goals. Accelerated development of advanced turboprops is strongly recommended to permit early attainment of the potential fuel saving. Several areas of work are identified which may produce quieter turboprop aircraft.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-CR-159355 , LG80ER0112
    Format: application/pdf
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    Use of constrained optimization in the conceptual design of a medium-range subsonic transport (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Constrained parameter optimization was used to perform the optimal conceptual design of a medium range transport configuration. The impact of choosing a given performance index was studied, and the required income for a 15 percent return on investment was proposed as a figure of merit. A number of design constants and constraint functions were systematically varied to document the sensitivities of the optimal design to a variety of economic and technological assumptions. A comparison was made for each of the parameter variations between the baseline configuration and the optimally redesigned configuration.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-TP-1762 , L-13946
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 99
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    Feasibility study of an F-106 aircraft for STOL flight research (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NSA-CR-163493 , D180-25418
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 100
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    Polar nephelometer for atmospheric particulate studies (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A unique polar nephelometer was designed and constructed for the measurement of atmospheric particulate characteristics. The nephelometer produces visible light from a self-contained laser to irradiate an air sample drawn into the instrument. The light scattered from the particulates and molecules in the sample is detected as a function of scattering angle for each of four different incident light polarizations. These measurements are used to determine the particulate scattering matrix which is a function of the size, shape, and index of refraction of the particles. The region of sensitivity for the measurements corresponds to the size range of particles that strongly affects visible radiative transfer in the atmosphere, which is the primary application for the derived information.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 19; Oct. 1
    Format: text
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