ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles  (279)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (279)
  • Chemical Engineering  (279)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (279)
  • 1980-1984  (279)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1983  (279)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (279)
Collection
  • Articles  (279)
Source
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (279)
Keywords
Publisher
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (279)
Years
  • 1980-1984  (279)
  • 1940-1944
Year
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residence time distribution of polymer melts in the linearly tapered coat-hanger die (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 17-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This article analyzes the average residence time distribution of polymer melt across the die width in a common linearly tapered coat-hanger die, which excells the T die but is a little inferior to the curvilinearly tapered coat-hanger die in residence time uniformity according to the approximated calculation of ten used. From another point of view, a linearly tapered coat-hanger die may be designed so that a desired ratio of the residence time through the die far end to that along the die center line may be imposed as one of the design constraints.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230105
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Filling thin cavities of variable gap thickness: A numerical and experimental investigation (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 20-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A theoretical and experimental investigation is presented for filling thin cavities of variable gap thickness. The modeling is based upon a finite-element/finite-difference formulation for an inelastic power-law fluid and includes the effects of viscous heating and conduction upon the flow dynamics. Extensive results are presented for polypropylene and polystyrene melts injected into two variable-gap-thickness cavities, of which one has an insert. Good agreement is found between the predictions and measurements concerning the shape of the advancing melt front, the location of weld lines, and the temporal pressure trace at various positions in the cavity.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230106
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model of compression mold filling (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 69-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A model is proposed for the flow, reaction, and heat transfer during compression molding of thin, flat parts. The isothermal Newtonian version of the model is implemented using the finite element method, and is capable of handling arbitrary planar geometries. Automated mesh expansion and boundary condition modification allow the simulation to run without operator interaction. The model accurately predicts mold filling pattern for non-Newtonian and non-isothermal flows.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230204
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical modeling of melting of polymers in barrier-screw extruders (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 86-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Some of today's modern screws contain melt-separating secondary (barrier) flights in the transition zone. With increasing utilization of barrier screws, the availability of proper and accurate design methods for the melting zone remains of paramount importance. A modified version of a mathematical model developed by the authors previously is applied to two most common types of barrier screws, viz. - The Mailefer screw (varying pitch and constant depth); - The Barr screw (constant pitch and varying depth). The present analysis provides valuable insight into the operating principles of these screws. A comparative study is presented demonstrating the possible advantages and disadvantages of the Maillefer and Barr screws in relation to conventional compression screws.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230207
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230301
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterizing photoresists by thermal analysis (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 125-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Photoresists and solder masks are used extensively for manufacturing printed circuit boards to define and protect the circuits, respectively. These systems exhibit exothermic polymerization and crosslinking reactions upon exposure to UV light or to elevated temperatures. Differential scanning calorimetry (i.e., the heat of reaction) was, therefore, employed to characterize batch-to-batch variations and to characterize the photoreaction in these photosensitive materials. This technique allows unambiguous evaluation of the photoreaction independent of other parameters such as developer reactivity, temperature, and other variables that commonly interfere with functional tests.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230304
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shear stress at polymer/metal interface during melting in extrusion (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 100-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Prediction of the screw horsepower requirement involves, among many others, the calculation of the shear stress (τs) between the solid polymer and the barrel surface during melting. Prediction of the solid bed down-channel velocity also requires the calculation of τs. However, the pseudoplastic nature and strong temperature dependence of melt viscosity make the mathematics of calculating τs extremely difficult.As a first step of developing a reasonable mathematical model for calculating τs, experimental measurements of τs were made over a wide range of metal temperature and sliding speed for five commercial polymers using molded, block samples. Although dependences of τs on metal temperature and sliding speed were found to have similar functionality to those of the dependences of melt viscosity on melt temperature and shear rate, this study showed that τs could not be expressed as a sole function of the melt rheological properties. Our subsequent study, to be reported in a follow up paper, will show that τs must be expressed as a function of the thermodynamic properties and melt density of the polymer as well as the melt rheological properties and the melting conditions.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230209
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notch sensitivity and fractography of polyolefins (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The notch sensitivity of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polybutylene (PB) was evaluated using uniaxial tensile deformation and fractographic analysis. Each polyolefin was tested at relatively low and high molecular weights (MW). Only the lower MW HDPE was found to be clearly notch-sensitive. The lower MW PP exhibited some tendency toward notch sensitivity. The lower and higher MW PB, the higher MW HDPE, and the higher MW PP displayed notch strengthening. Whereas PB showed similar notched tensile performance regardless of molecular weight, both HDPE and PP showed higher susceptibility to notch sensitivity at lower molecular weights (and concomitant higher crystallinity). Tendencies toward notch sensitivity or notch stengthening were evidenced in the failure modes of these materials.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230303
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of structural development in the high speed spinning of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 95-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In recent years the spinning speeds of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fiber have increased to the point that significant structural development is being observed in the spun yarn. At even higher speeds significant crystallization has been obtained. Data characterizing these yarns will be presented and discussed showing the development of crystals and that the onset of this phenomena is related to the stress at the “freeze point.” The “freeze point” rises from around Tg at low speeds to the order of 200°C at high speeds. The spinline itself has been characterized by velocity and orientation profiles which show the crystallization process is extremely rapid, occurring over a few centimenters of the spinline.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230208
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rate of crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) by differential scanning calorimetry (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 113-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The value of tmax in differential scanning calorimetry is correlated with the crystallization kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The Avrami exponent, n, obtained varies as a result of a change in slope of the curve at the point tn, a secondary crystallization transition. The plot of tn vs. tmax shows a linear relationship. The rate of crystallization depends upon both molecular weight and crystallization temperature. Under a nucleation controlling step, the plot of log tmax vs. \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ t_{\max } vs.\frac{1}{{T^2 \Delta T}} $\end{document}gives a linear relationship. Theoretical concepts of the treatment are discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230302
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aspects of dispersion and flow in thermoplastic-elastomer blends (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polypropylene, polystyrene, EP (ethylene/propylene) rubber, and bromobutyl rubber were blended under standardized conditions and the sizes of minor phase domains determined by Quantimet analysis. Dispersion effectiveness was found to depend on the melt viscosities of components under mixing conditions and on their “compatibilty” as inferred here from surface-tension data. Dispersion was optimized when components wet readily at contact surfaces and when melt viscosities were similar. Shear heating during dispersion appeared to offer an empirical index of component compatibilty. Apparent melt viscosities of the blends further reflected the component compatibility factor.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230305
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the puncture of a bisphenol-a polycarbonate disc (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 155-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The finite element technique is applied to analytically predict the response of a disc made of BPA-polycarbonate during a displacement-controlled puncture test with a hemispherical indenter. The analysis includes effects of contact load, large displacements and rotations, and large strains and material yielding. Two general topics are addressed with this analysis. First, it is shown that the load-displacement behavior of impacted, BPA-polycarbonate plates can be accurately predicted over a wide range of engineering interest (strains up to 30 percent) using a bilinear representation of the stress-strain curve and flow theory of plasticity. For this purpose, the von Mises criterion is applied to define yielding in a generalized biaxial stress state, and strain rate effects are incorporated through the use of a yield stress consistent with the initial strain rate during the test. Second, in order to broaden the understanding of results associated with this widely used test, a number of mechanical and material effects are discussed, including large displacements, friction at the clamped support and indenter head, and clamping pressure at the support. Lack of agreement between the present analysis and experimental results with regard to ultimate load at puncture suggests that strain hardening and strain rate hardening of the material during the high-strain portion of the test (30 percent-60 percent) must be more accurately modeled for improved predictive capability.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230309
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230501
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A low-energy solvent separation method (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 230-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper presents a new low-energy method to separate solvents from polymers. The method is based upon the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), a phenomenon exhibited by all nonpolar polymer-solvent systems. Three key issues concerning this new separation method are discussed for the specific system of high cis polybutadiene in a commercial grade n-hexane. The first issue, energy cost, is greatly reduced from present commercial separation processes by avoiding the liquid-vapor phase transition for more than half of the solvent. The predicted energy cost for the new method (not including inefficiencies) is about 15 percent of the present energy cost (including inefficiencies). The second issue, recycling of the dilute phase with terminator, is shown not to be a serious problem, and a solution is suggested based upon available methods. The third issue discussed, and perhaps the most difficult, is the physical separation of the two phases. This is solved by inducing spinodal decomposition, which leads to rapid gravity separation. Several alternative separation scenarios based upon this idea are presented at the end of the article.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230413
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytical melting model for extrusion: Stress of fully compacted solid polymers (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Our laboratory recently published several analytical equations that can be used to predict the melting rate of fully compacted solid polymers sliding on a heated metal surface, modeling the melting mechanism inside an extruder. These equations were obtained by seeking asymptotic solutions to the differential equations describing the melting mechanism, temperature, and shear-dependent viscosity of polymer melts. Following the same asymptotic approach, we successfully developed accompanying analytical equations for predicting the stress required to slide fully compacted solid polymers on a heated metal surface. The accuracy of these analytical stress equations was found to be reasonable, although not fully satisfactory, by comparing their predictions to the experimentally measured values. The accuracy of the stress calculation is directly related to the accuracy of the viscosity values at high shear rates. The consideration of the temperature and shear dependencies of melt viscosity is most important for accurate prediction of the stress, just as it is for the melting rate. The stress not only depends on the melt rheological properties of the polymer but also on the thermodynamic properties.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230405
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of strain rate and temperature upon tensile properties of acetal copolymers (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 216-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The strength and elongation to break of an acetal copolymer were measured at four elongation rates, from 0.2 to 20 in./min, at temperatures from 239 K to 339 K. Both strength and elongation results could be reduced to master curves by means of time-temperature superposition. The temperature dependence of the shift factors was given by an equation of the WLF form, with parameters close to those found for most amorphous polymers, at a reference temperature equal to the γ-transition temperature of the polymer. Extrapolation to much higher testing rates and to much slower creep rates was satisfactory. Similar but less extensive tests were run on two other samples with different molecular weights. The yield stress was independent of molecular weight, but elongation increased with increasing molecular weight at all conditions.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230410
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The specification of orientation and its development in polymer processing (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 247-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A critical review of the specification of orientation and its development in polymer-processing operations is presented. Orientation may in general be specified by orientation distribution functions, but is most conveniently expressed in terms of orientation factors which are second moments of the distribution. The Hermans orientation factor represents polymer-chain orientation for systems with fiber symmetry (uniaxial orientation) and the Hermans-Stein orientation factors express uniaxial orientation for each of the crystallographic axes of crystalline polymers. Biaxial orientation is, however, developed in tubular film extrusion, blowmolding and, indeed, all processing operations other than fiber formation. Orientation factors developed previously by the authors express biaxial orientation in terms of the angles between the machine and transverse directions and the polymer chain axis or crystallographic axes. In flowing polymer melts, the Rheo-Optical Law, which relates birefringence and stress, represents a relationship between polymer-chain orientation and stress. In vitrified polymeric glasses (e.g. polystyrene), the orientation factors are related linearly to the stress field at vitrification. This has been shown experimentally for melt spinning and tubular film extrusion. The results of studies of blowmolding and injection molding are consistent with this. The crystalline orientation factors have also been found to be determined by the stress field at solidification in melt spinning and tubular film extrusion.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230503
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Super strong polymers in planar directions (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 266-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A novel approach for producing multiaxially oriented polymers with ultrahigh mechanical properties in more than one direction is discussed. According to the approach, which is adaptable to conventional commercial processes, the polymer is processed in a contained geometry at a temperature near to but below the isotropic crystalline melting point under curvilinear flow conditions generated by the combined effects of a compressive force and a rotational force perpendicular to the compressive force. The process is demonstrated with thermoplastic and thermotropic polymers using simple torsional flow. The general features of the process and the properties of the multiaxially oriented polymers are discussed in view of the different flow conditions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230506
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal conductivity of plastic foams (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A simple equation enabling the prediction of the thermal conductivity of plastic foams, without the aid of adjustable parameters, is proposed. The equation is based on a recurrent method, previously developed, that showed reasonable agreement with experimental results. Ways of decreasing the thermal radiation contribution are shown. In particular, the influence of cell size, radiation transmission through solid membranes, and low-emissivity boundary surfaces are analyzed. Errors involved in steady techniques of measuring the thermal conductivity associated with radiation are discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230602
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The length of a transfer unit (LTU) for polymer devolatilization processes in screw extruders (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 323-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we introduce the concept of the length of a transfer unit (LTU) for polymer devolatilization and show that the LTU is an appropriate measure of the effectiveness of the process unit in which the devolatilization operation is conducted. The utility of the concept is demonstrated for the case when the process unit is a twin screw extruder for which values of the LTU were determined from experimentally measured values of devolatilization rates. Values of the LTU were found to depend solely on the fluid mechanics in the extruder as expected and were in good agreement with the predictions of a theoretical expression developed for the system that was studied. Finally, we discuss the implications of the LTU concept in relation to the engineering design and analysis of polymer devolatilization processes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230606
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly elastic-constant vicosity fluids (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 459-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The rheological properties of three types of fluids that exhibit large normal stresses are examined and compared. These fluids have a constant or nearly constant viscosity and can be used as model viscoelastic fluids, covering a range of viscosity from 0.1 to 124 Pa.s. One lubricant, Emkarox FC 31-45000, is shown to have the characteristics of a second-order fluid. Series difficulties encountered in measuring the rheological properties of the Separan - corn syrup solutions (Boger fluids) are reported. The Emkarox and solutions of polyacrylamide (Pusher 700) in mixtures of glycerine and water are proposed as better model fluids.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230808
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the addition of EPM copolymers on the properties of high density polyethylene/isotactic polypropylene blends: II. Morphology and mechanical properties of extruded samples (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 489-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of the addition of two ethylene-propylene random copolymers (EPM) with different composition on the mechanical properties, thermal behavior and overall morphology of high density polyethylene (HDPE)/isotactic polypropylene (iPP) blends, was investigated on extruded samples. The experimental data showed that the morphology of binary HDPE/iPP blends is drastically modified by these additives and that the ultimate mechanical properties of these mixtures are greatly improved. A reasonable explanation of these results can be ascribed to the fact that these copolymers can act as “compatibilizing agents” in the amorphous regions of the two semicrystalline homopolymers. The extent of such effects is dependent on the chemical structure and/or on the molecular mass of the added copolymer as well as on the HDPE/iPP blend compositions.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230903
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extrusion and melt spinning characteristics of thermally degraded polypropylene (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 516-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A basic study of the influence of thermal degradation of polypropylene on its extrudate swell and melt spinning characteristics is reported. The degradation reduces swell, changes the shape of the spinline diameter/velocity profile (i.e., the spinline apparent elongational viscosity function), and stabilizes the melt spinning process. The importance of molecular weight distribution narrowing during the degradation process is noted in these studies.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230907
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dual-mode solution and transport of water in poly(acrylonitrile) (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 548-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Solubility (sorption) and transport measurements with water in solvent-free poly (acrylonitrile)(PAN) (23) have been interpreted in terms of an extension of the “dual-sorption” model for transport of small molecules in glassy polymers. Satisfactory agreement has been obtained between theory and experimental data. An earlier analysis of similar data for water in PAN containing 0.26 percent (by weight) of a residual solvent (1) has been compared with the present results in order to investigate the effects of residual solvent on the dual-sorption and transport parameters for the water-PAN system.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231004
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elongation rheology of polyolefins and its relation to processability (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 572-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The rheology of a variety of polyolefin resins, and resin blends, has been examined under conditions of constant strain rate elongation. These include high, low, and linear low density polyethylene, as well as polypropylene, commercially modified polypropylene, and elastomer blends with polypropylene. Two distinctly different classes of behavior are apparent in the viscosity growth patterns during uniaxial extension. Some resins display unbounded stress growth even at low strain rates. Others quickly attain a time independent value of extensional viscosity even at increased strain rates. The former behavior is identified with favorable blow molding behavior, while the latter was characteristic of resins unsuitable for such processing. The class of elongation behavior depends not only on resin type, but may be influenced by molecular weight distribution or blend morphology.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231008
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231101
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A phenomenological master curve for viscosity - structure data for two phase polymer systems in simple shear flow (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 610-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A master curve hypothesis is established based on a mass balance and an assumption of continuous stress through interfaces for well dispersed two phase systems with “defined” zero shear viscosity. The master curve, which is in reasonable accordance with experimental data is represented in a double logarithmic plot of log (ηT/T,0) against log \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \left({\frac{{\eta _{T,0} M_C H\rho}}{{c^2 RT}}\dot \gamma _T} \right) $\end{document}. Mc is the molecular weight between entanglements, H = M̄w/M̄n, ρ is the density, c is the polymer concentration, all defined for the continuous phase. ηT and ηT,0 are the viscosity and zero shear viscosity of the blend, ηT is the apparent shear rate, R the gas constant, and T is absolute temperature.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231104
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introductory remarks (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 765-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231402
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting the mechanical properties of mica-filled polypropylenes (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 766-770 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Water-ground Phlogopite mica (Kemira Siilinjarvi phlogopite) has been evaluated as a reinforcing filler in polypropylene. The major factors which influence the composite strength and modulus include the size, aspect ratio, and uniformity of the mica flakes. Aqueous delamination permits the production of very small flakes (less than 44 microns diameter) with aspect ratios near 50. Such small flakes impart greater tensile and modulus values to polypropylene than larger flakes and the former can also be reprocessed many times without any deterioration of properties. Surface treatment is necessary for adequate dispersion and coupling, particularly with the finely divided mica fillers. Other properties such as the heat-distortion temperature, fracture toughness, and gas permeability are also influenced by the mean size and aspect ratio of the mica filler. Guidelines are presented to indicate the preferred characteristics of mica fillers for optimum performance.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231403
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of phenolic fiber-reinforced polymers (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 776-778 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fibers made of phenol formaldehyde are relatively new to the market place and are currently manufactured in Japan. They have certain characteristics which make them attractive as a reinforcement for rubber, thermoplastics, and thermosets. This paper will discuss the properties of molded polypropylene thermoplastics as a function of fiber weight percent and surface treatment. It is shown that the elevated temperature properties are improved without sacrifice of low-temperature brittleness.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231405
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase relationships of rigid rod polymer/flexible coil polymer/solvent ternary systems (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 789-791 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Phase diagrams of two types of rigid rod polymer/flexible coil polymer/methanesulfonic acid (MSA) ternary systems were determined by polarized optical microscopy at ambient conditions. The rigid rod polymer is a wholly aromatic high temperature resistant (no measurable Tg) poly (p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole) (PPBT). One of the flexible coil polymers is a wholly aromatic high temperature resistant poly (2,5′(6′) benzimidazole) (ABPBI), the other is a thermoplastic poly[2,2′ -(1-4-phenylene)-6,6′ -bis (3-phenyl-quinoxaline)] (PPQ) with Tg of 359°C. The solvent is methane-sulfonic acid (MSA). The experimentally determined critical concentration points, Ccr, are in excellent agreement with Flory's recent theory. Total phase segregation between the polymer pair in ternary solution was predicted and observed at C 〉 Ccr. Different decomposition mechanisms of phase separation were observed as a function of concentration.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231408
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Injection molding of thermotropic liquid crystal polymers (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 792-796 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermotropic liquid crystal polymers consist of rod-like molecules and are often called “self reinforcing thermoplastics.” Their rheological behaviors as well as orientation development during processing are often very similar to those of short fiber-filled composites. Without reinforcement, the polymer shows superior mechanical properties to conventional glass fiber-reinforced engineering resins. The orientation distribution in the crosssection as well as flow patterns in the molded thermotropic polymers are clearly visible to the naked eye due to color differences. This makes it particularly convenient to study the orientation distribution as well as the flow patterns of packing, back flow, jetting, flow instabilities, and weld line formation in injection molding. This paper discusses physical properties of a typical ther motropic polymer and their relationship to mold filling process in the injection molding.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231409
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hydrolytic stability of glass fiber reinforced poly(butylene terephthalate), poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polycarbonate (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 537-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The hydrolytic stability of glass fiber reinforced poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polycarbonate (PC) was studied. The activation energies in kcal/mole for hydrolysis are 26 for PBT and 23 for PET. Both PBT and PET contain 30 percent glass fiber reinforcement. The hydrolysis rates for a series of experimental PC's containing 10, 30 and 40 percent glass were obtained from GPC data. These increase with glass concentration but are lower than that of the unreinforced PC. Melt flow rate changes are a good measure of the hydrolytic degradation of PET. However, in the time scale of these experiments, the tensile properties of glass reinforced PBT and PC do not correlate well with M̄w changes, unlike unreinforced PBT and PC polymers. Consequently, to compare these three glass fiber reinforced polymers, estimates of failure time must be based on changes in tensile strength rather than melt flow rate.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231002
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure of rubber-modified plastic liners (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 560-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In order to analyze the failure phenomenon of plastic liners in freezers and refrigerators the mechanical properties of the freon blown polyurethane (PU) foam insulator material and the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic liner are determined. The properties considered essential for this problem are the elastic modulus, the tensile strength and the fracture toughness over the temperature range -40 to 20°C. By laminating a layer of the polyurethane foam to the ABS liner and depending on the test temperature brittle to semi-brittle fractures are promoted and the maximum load fracture toughness of the liner material is reduced. The reduction is more severe for notched bend than for single-edge notched tension specimens. Based on these mechanical properties plausible reasons for liner fractures are discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231006
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of time independent component of the complex modulus during cure of thermosetting systems (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 586-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A recent development suggests an approach to measure the equilibrium modulus through an impulse method. This paper is to report an attempt to apply such methods in measuring the changes of the equilibrium modulus of a thermosetting system during isothermal cures. Dynamic modulus changes were also measured and the results were correlated with that from the impulse method. At two different temperatures of cure, the equilibrium modulus values measured were very similar when the dynamic measurements showed tan δ = 1. At this point, it is not certain if the measured modulus is the real time independent portion of the elastic modulus, or contains the long relaxation time constant portion of the relaxation spectrum which appears to be pseudo-time independent at the time scale and the instrumental sensitivity of the present experimental set-up. This paper demonstrates the ease with which the impulse technique can be applied and suggests possible limitations or refinements.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231010
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melt flow of polymer blends (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 602-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The production of polymer blends increases at a rate of about 13 percent/y. Most of the commercial blends are multiphase systems of complex morphology, determined by the thermodynamic properties of the components and the rheology. Since the diffusion rates are relatively low, the blends are seldom at equilibrium. In most cases, the blend products have properties imposed by the morphology, created by a particular combination of the thermal and deformational history. There are three main reasons for studying the melt flow of blends: optimization of the processing conditions, search for the appropriate means to generate the desired morphology, and the interest in the basic study of the rheology of these complex systems.In this paper the results published during the last five years are reviewed. The data for polymer blends are compared with those obtained for simpler model systems: liquid mixtures, emulsions, and polymer blends. From the rheological point of view, the blends are divided into three groups: those where viscosity shows positive deviation from the log-additivity rule, PDB, those where the opposite effect is observed, NDB, and the remaining mixed-behavior systems, PNDB. To PDB belong the miscible blends and those with strong inter-domain interactions. To NDB belong those where the interactions are weak. To PNDB belong the blends in which there is a concentration-dependent transition of structure. The shear dependent properties of blends are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231103
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Engineering and molding properties of poly(vinyl chloride), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and polyester blends (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 627-631 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymer blends with varying amounts of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and polyester have been developed to produce parts with highly flexible, good impact strength, and flame retardant hinge properties. In the present work, the rheological and dynamic mechanical properties are balanced by changing the blend formulations. It is shown that blends morphology and rheology have greater impact on the dimensional stability and delamination at the surface of the molded hinge parts.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231107
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of miscible binary blend interaction parameters measured by different methods (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 676-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Miscible blends of the polyhydroxy ether of bisphenol-A, Phenoxy, with a series of aliphatic polyesters were studied using melting point depression analysis and sorption to obtain the Flory-Huggins polymer-polymer interaction parameter, B. The B values obtained from these measurements were found to agree well in sign, magnitude, and variation with ester repeat structure and to also agree well with B values measured calorimetrically for mixtures of low molecular weight compounds with structures which are analogous to those of the polymers. These comparisons suggest that the same mechanisms are responsible for the exothermic heats of mixing measured directly for the analog compounds and indirectly for the miscible polymer blends. For this general system, evidence is provided which suggests that hydrogen bond formation between the hydroxyl group on Phenoxy and the ester moiety is probably responsible for the exothermic interactions and polymer blend miscibility observed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231207
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new negative working resist for UV light lithography (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 1050-1053 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new negative working photo resist for UV lithography has been produced based on poly(methylisopropenylketone). Its significant characteristic is a minimal swelling upon development, with resulting high resolution capability.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231815
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(4-chlorostyrene), a new high contrast negative E-beam resist (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 1047-1049 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: PCS(poly-4-chlorostyrene) has previously been evaluated as a negative e-beam resist, but although the sensitivity was good [2 to 5μC/square centimeter (cm2)], the contrast (γ) was poor (1.1 to 1.5). Recent experiments have shown that contrast is not only a function of molecular weight distribution (MWD), but can also be affected by polymerization conditios. Among these are: branching, head to head linkages, and oxygen in backbone. PCS was prepared via thermal free radical solution polymerization, and then fractionated by differential solvation techniques. Reactions occurring during polymerization and crosslink formation on irradiation will be discussed. For molecular weights of 700 and 300K respectively (same MWD), the sensitivity was 2 and 5μC/cm2, while the contrast (γ) was 3.5 for both. This is the highest reported contrast for a polymeric negative resist. The resist can then be UV hardened after development, and will not flow at 200°C. The RIE etch rate is ∼1/2 that of PMMA in various plasmas.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231814
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The flow of a polymerizing liquid in a cylindrical pipe (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 804-809 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This work concerns the flow of a polymerizing liquid (a monomer) in a cylindrical pipe, which simulates the flow-through reactor. A general formulation of the hydrodynamics of the rheokinetic problem in the non-isothermal case of flow is given. The problem is solved with account taken of the existence of a radial distribution of velocity, residence time, and degree of conversion in the duct. The shape of the velocity profile undergoes change as the flow moves along the duct: it is originally parabolic (prior to reaction), then becomes strongly extended (at the intermediate stages of the reaction), and finally (upon completion of the reaction) assumes the parabolic shape again. It has been shown that in isothermal or nearly isothermal cases, it is possible to work out sufficiently simple scale-up laws capable of establishing the dependence of the total degree of conversion and pressure drop on the time of polymerization and the geometric size of the reactor.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231503
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blowing of oriented PET bottles: Predictions of free blown size and shape (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 826-829 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A model of the blowing process for polyethylene terephthalate stretch blowmolded bottles is presented. This model uses a rubber constitutive relation. The free blown diameter and the stretch balance are derived from stress equilibrium. Free blow experiments show good agreement with the predictions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231507
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress-relaxation crazing of polymers  -  an energy criterion (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 844-848 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: One of the most important signs of failure, easily observable in transparent and translucent polymers, is the appearance of visible crazes. The observation of first crazes is relatively simple in uniaxial long-term experiments (such as creep and stress-relaxation). An energy-related crazing criterion has allowed good predictions of the appearance of first visible crazes under uniaxial creep loading conditions. The results have shown that in spite of the different applied stresses and different corresponding crazing times, the specific dissipated energy at crazing was the same. The objective of the present work was to investigate if this criterion, based on the constancy of the specific dissipated energy, is valid also for uniaxial stress-relaxation. The good agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental results confirms this assumption.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231510
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231501
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The preparation of oriented morphologies of the thermotropic aromatic copolyester of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and 80 mole percent p-acetoxybenzoic acid (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 797-803 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Highly oriented morphologies of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and 80 mole percent p-acetoxybenzoic acid were prepared by shearing in an optical plate-plate rheometer and by melt fiber drawing in a temperature range at which the copolyester was either in the semicrystalline state or liquid crystalline phase. The optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the oriented films and drawn fibers depended significantly on the processing temperature.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231502
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling nonlinear viscoelastic responseThe paper is based on the M.Sc. thesis of the second author, done at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion, under the supervision of the first author. (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 849-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We present a model for calculating nonlinear viscoelastic response which we call the “phases model” (PHM). In terms of a mechanical model representation the PHM is a generalized Maxwell model with nonlinear elements where each Maxwell element is referred to as a phase. The viscous material properties are represented in the model in terms of flow curves of the individual phases. The collection of flow curves form the flow diagram. We show how to calibrate the flow diagram from a family of constant rate test curves by means of a simple straightforward procedure. We give an example of such a calibration for a certain rigid polyurethane. We applied our model to the calculation of nonlinear viscoelastic response to varius loading programs in uniaxial tension, and to the creep of a simply supported beam, and obtained good agreement with experimental data.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231511
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of mold design on the mechanical properties of high-pressure injection - molded polyethylene (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 877-882 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: High-pressure injection molding (nominal pressure 500 MPa) is known to substantially improve the mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene of a high molecular weight (HMWPE). This work shows that if the mold is equipped with an exit cavity, the tensile modulus and strength of HMWPE-bars molded is further improved at high pressure levels. The maximum values of the stiffness and strength (thin bars, 1 mm) obtained with the exit chamber is about 12 GPa and 260 MPa, respectively. The improvement due to the exit cavity is of the order of 30 percent for the tensile strength for thicknesses lower than 4mm, while the modulus increases about 1 to 1.5 GPa for bars with thicknesses between 1 and 6 mm. The orientation of the melt during the filling of the mold was also found to have an influence on the mechanical properties of the HMWPE bars.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231604
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predicting conversion using temperature as the measured variable in the reaction injection molding process. Part II: Implementation of the on-line corrective algorithm (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 895-901 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In the reaction injection molding process, we need to know the evolution of the conversion field with a high level of confidence in order to minimize the mold opening time. Thus, the mold can be opened as soon as there is conversion everywhere in the mold above the value needed for the part to become dimensionally stable. Since conversion can not be determined readily by experimental measurements, and since a thermocouple can provide reliable dynamic temperature data, it is best to predict the conversion field from the solution of a state estimation problem using temperature as the measured variable. Here, we develop an on-line corrective system which uses temperature to correct the model predictions. It is shown that by measuring at the center and at the mold wall, both of which are physically possible, the performance of the corrective algorithm is fairly good.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231607
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow instabilities of epoxide prepolymers (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Flow of molten epoxide prepolymer (Tg = 303 K, M̄n 889, M̄u/M̄n = 1.46) shows stress jumps. A hydrodynamic explanation is forwarded, and a check of the theoretical jump is carried out, with shear viscosites and shear moduli measured at 361 K. The increase in pressure produces a decrease in volume, which increases the rigidity of the polymer, which is then reduced by relaxation of the compressed chain segments.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230402
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fiber fracture in reinforced thermoplastic processing (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 743-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The length reduction of reinforcing fibers in short-fiber reinforced plastics during processing has been studied experimentally. It has been shown that fiber volume fraction, initial length, and initial state of dispersion have little effect on the final fiber length. In dilute suspension theory based on shearing flow conditions and fiber properties the flow stresses are found to be compatible with the experimental results and results which are found in the literature.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231309
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly (butyleneterephthalate)-ethylenevinylacetate polymer blends (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 750-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymerization of dimethylterephthalate (DMT) and 1,4-butanediol (4G) carried out in the presence of about 15 weight percent of ethylene-co-vinylacetate copolymers (EVA), gave blends with average dimensions of the “soft domains” of a few microns. During polymerization, reaction between EVA and poly(butyleneterepthalate) (PBTP) takes place leading to the formation of macromolecules of PBTP-g-EVA and crosslinked EVA in addition to unreacted EVA and linear PBTP. These different chemical structures can be fractionated by selective solubility and quantitatively measured. Their relative amounts depend particularly on the percentage of vinylacetate (VA) in the initial EVA and on the time of reaction. During polymerization there is a retarding effect on the increasing of the molecular weight of linear PBTP which can be ascribed to the lower volatility of the acetate by-products, derived from the reaction with EVA, which act as monofunctional impurities.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231310
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of fast-cure resins for reaction injection molding (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 756-762 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The interest in reaction injection molding of urethane and non-urethane resins has generated a need for a greater understanding of the molding behavior of these reactive systems. The kinetics and rheology of a given resin must therefore be well characterized in order to understand and model the molding process. This often requires semi-empirical correlations rather than strict theoretical considerations. A method of fully characterizing such systems by combining adiabatic reactor and IR studies with viscometer data is therefore described. This results in time-temperature-conversion-viscosity correlations which can be directly utilized in molding studies. Such methods are applied to polyurethane and epoxy systems in the work presented here. It was found that very different activation energies are obtained for the same epoxy-amine system using different kinetic characterization techniques.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231311
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture toughness of a short-fiber reinforced thermoplastic (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 771-775 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thin plates of carbon short-fiber reinforcement polycarbonate were injection molded. The mold was designed to produce a uniform melt flow across the cavity and an extended knock-out pin was incorporated to form a circular hole at the center of the molded plate. The elastic constants of the plaques were determined using sections cut from the plate at different angles to the direction of flow. Analysis of the data showed that the plates could be treated macroscopically as being orthotropic. Microscopic observations revealed that the fiber orientation was primarily in the flow direction and was tangential in the vicinity surrounding the hole. The fracture toughness, as measured by the stress intensity (K), was determined using the compliance method. Experimental calibration curves were constructed at 0° and 90° to the axis of flow by loading specimens containing saw cuts of varying length. The resultant curves were non-dimensionalized by incorporation of the elastic moduli, thickness, and width. The fracture toughness values were determined using a razor notch as a starter crack. The crack growth during testing was found to be stable, which could allow several determinations to be made on each plate. The effects of crack length, flow in the cavity, and fiber orientation around the hole were investigated. The fracture toughness was found to decrease with increasing crack length, but was not found to reach a limiting value within the practical range of testing. The effect of flow was also found to be significant. Specimens oriented 90° to the axis of flow showed higher toughness values. This was attributed to the fibers being oriented perpendicular to the axis of the crack. The samples tested with razor notches cut at the edge of the molded holes had still higher apparent toughness values. Similarly, this effect was explained by the higher fiber orientation shown with photomicrographs of specimens cut near the edge of the hole.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231404
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rheology and spin coating of polyimide solutions (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 830-834 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The rheological properties of five types of concentrated polyamic acid and polyimide solutions are characterized by non-Newtonian shear viscosity η(\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm \dot \gamma} $\end{document}) and primary normal stress coefficient Ψ1(\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm \dot \gamma} $\end{document}) measurements over a wide range of shear rates. Onset of non-Newtonian flow of the polyamic acid solutions was observed in the shear rate range 30 to 400s-1 and of the fully imidized polyimide solution at below 3 × 10-2s-1. Significant viscoelastic properties exemplified by normal stresses were observed in all the solutions. The solution rheology results are discussed in the context of spin coating for the deposition of thin films. The relative magnitude of effects of non-Newtonian flow on the dynamics of spin coating is assessed with a Deborah number characteristic of the flow.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231508
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Submicron patterns in substituted polystyrene resists by focused-ion-beam lithography (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 941-946 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Submicron lines in negative working, substituted polystyrene resists by focused-ion-beam lithography were demonstrated. These features were transferred into an underlying molybdenum layer by plasma etching using the resist as an etch mask, with the minimum continuous line having a width of 0.20 μm.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231705
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of poly(allyl methacrylate)-co-(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) as negative electron-beam resist (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 963-967 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(allyl methacrylate)-co-(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) has been evaluated as a high-sensitivity, high-resolution, high temperature-resistant negative electron resist. The effects of molecular weight and polydispersity of the copolymer on its lithographic performance as an E-beam resist were studied. The sensitivity of the copolymer is nearly constant in the weight-average-molecular-weight range of 50,000 to 75,000, and it gradually decreases with a decrease in molecular weight. As expected for a negative resist, the resist contrast increases as the polydispersity is decreased. The sensitivity curve shape of the polymer was independent of the prebake temperature, which varied from 70 to 110°C, and of the various developers used. The exposed coating requires vacuum curing for image optimization. Resolution of 0.5 μm line/space pairs was obtained from a 0.6 μm thick resist by exposing the resist to 10 keV electrons with either a raster-scan-type or vector-scan-type electron-beam exposure machine. After postbaking at 170°C, the resist had good resistance to both chemical etching and dry etching. The plasma-etch resistance was about twice that of PMMA.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231709
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of varying the composition of copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and 3-chlorostyrene (GMC) on electron lithographic performance (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 975-979 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The polymerization kinetics, molecular parameters, and electron lithographic response of a series of copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and 3-chlorostyrene (CLS) have been determined. The polymerization rate, molecular weight, and polydispersity decrease with increasing mole fraction of 3-chlorostyrene (XCLS). Similarly, the sensitivity of this system decreases as the percentage of CLS in the copolymer increases. The value of Dg0.5 for the copolymer containing 14.3 mole percent CLS is 0.45 μC/cm2 increasing to 3.2 μC/cm2 for the 54 percent CLS copolymer of equivalent molecular weight. On the contrary the wet air and O2 plasma etch rates decrease as XCLS increases. For example, the etch rate using wet air for PGMA is ∼ 30 percent greater than GMC (XCLS = 0.54). The post exposure polymerization rate decreases as the CLS content increases. The extent of the post cure reaction is dose dependent being a maximum at Dg0.6 = 0.64 μC/cm2 for the copolymer containing 14.3 mole percent CLS.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231711
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron beam lithography of copolymeric resists containing styrenes and allyl acrylates (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 980-984 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of electron beam sensitive negative resists based on styrene allyl methacrylate copolymers and substitutional modifications thereof were prepared and their resist characteristics were investigated. Depending on the molecular parameters, such as monomeric ratios, molecular weights and molecular weight distributions, the sensitivity to electron beam irradiation of the copolymer resist can vary from 10-7 μC/cm2 to 10-6 μC/cm2. A styrene allyl methacrylate copolymer having a 57/43 mol-percent and a molecular weight of 3.3 × 105 shows a sensitivity of 1.4 μC/cm2 (Dg0.5) and a resolution of 1.10 μm line/space at 6000A remaining thickness.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231712
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma developable photoresist containing electronic excitation energy quenching system (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 993-999 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A dry developable negative working resist composition comprised of poly(methyl isopropenyl ketone) (PMIPK) and 4-methyl-2,6-di(4′-azido-benzylidene) cyclohexanone-1 was examined. The main photochemical product formed in the resist pattern was found to be a secondary amine which crosslinks PMIPK. Post-annealing forms a hydrogen-bonded product which shows a powerful electronic excitation energy quenching effect. The quencher is more powerful than the aromatic compound arising from the azide by post-annealing only. The residual resist thickness of the negative pattern is about 80 percent of the initial thickness of the coating in spite of all the azide compound remaining in the resist coating. The obtained dry developed resist pattern has a high dry etch resistance. Etchings of Si and SiO2 were performed by plasma and reactive ion etching, respectively.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231804
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymer composition as a function of molecular weight for poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate) initiated by ethylaluminum sesquichloride (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: There is an increasing body of evidence showing that, for a variety of copolymers, there are significant changes in the copolymer composition over the molecular weight distribution of the polymer. In this work, we have polymerized the copolymer poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate) using ethylaluminum sesquichloride as the initiator. The copolymers produced were fractionated using a semiprep gel permeation chromatograph. The composition of the fractions was determined using infrared spectroscopy. Results show that the percent methyl methacrylate of the copolymers was higher at both the low- and high-molecular-weight regions of the polymers.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230102
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization of polyethylene (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 27-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Differential scanning calorimetry is employed to study the crystallization kinetics of two commercial injection-molding high-density polyethylene resins. Also, polarized light microscopy has been used to elucidate the morphological structures formed at various crystallization conditions. Corrections and operating procedures are recommended in order to correct for temperature lag in scanning, transient response during isothermal crystallization and for thermal gradients within the polymer sample. As a result of these studies, a modified Avrami equation has been proposed in order to obtain a more extensive and reliable characterization of isothermal crystallization kinetics. Moreover, a procedure is recommended and employed to predict nonisothermal crystallization behavior on the basis of isothermal crystallization kinetics.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230107
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equilibrium solubility and permeability of sulfur dioxide in epoxy resin of aliphatic diglycidyl ether (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 6-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Equilibrium sorption isotherms were obtained for the sulfur dioxide-epoxy resin of aliphatic diglycidyl ether system over a temperature range of 1° to 45°C. The sorption isotherms indicated the presence of Langmuir sorption due to specific interaction. This is uncommon for rubbery polymers, though similar behavior was also observed previously. Zimm-Lundberg's clustering analysis indicated a slight tendency for clustering of the penetrant molecules at low temperatures and higher activities. The number of Langmuir sites for sorption was found to be independent of temperature. The mobilities of the molecules sorbed in Henry's law mode and the Langmuir mode were found to be approximately equal. Predictions of the permeability values for this system are presented and compared with other data from the literature. The temperature dependence of different sorption parameters is presented and discussed in detail.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230103
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tensile yield in poly(4-methyl pentene-1)Presented, in part, at the American Physical Society Meeting in Dallas, Texas, March 1982. (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 13-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Uniaxial tension tests to the yield point were performed on a crystalline polymer, poly(4-methyl pentene-1) (PMP) as a function of temperature from 21° to 200°C at a strain rate of 2 min-1. After testing, the specimens showed considerable stress whitening as a result of microvoid formation. Yield energy was found to be a linear function of temperature extrapolating to zero at the melting point (240°C). Thus, the behavior of this crystalline polymer is similar to that of glassy polymers, but with the melting temperature, rather than the glass transition temperature, as the reference point. The ratio of thermal to mechanical energy input to produce yielding is an order of magnitude smaller for PMP than it is for glassy polymers. The ratio of yield stress to Young's modulus is about 0.02, which is typical for polymers. Yield stress is a linear function of log strain rate, which implies that yielding can be described as a segmental flow rate process in which the applied stress biases the activation energy. The activation volume is on the order of 20 monomer unit volumes and increases as the temperature increases. The activation energy is 19 kcal/mol.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230104
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230201
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of strain recovery during solid-phase forming of thermoplastics (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 61-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An approach to predict the strain recovery behavior of polycarbonate (PC) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions in a solid-phase forming environment is presented in this paper. The constants A and n of a power law relationship of the form ∊(t) or δ(t) = Atn, fitted to isothermal creep and stress relaxation data, were determined over a wide range of temperatures for both materials. An expression for isothermal recovery was derived and compared to experimental data. Master curves and the resultant shift factors, obtained by superposing the stress relaxation and creep data (both in tension and compression) were used with the time-temperature super position principle to numerically evaluate uniaxial strain recovery under a specific temperature history. The average temperature history obtained by numerically solving for the temperature distribution in a disc, at an initially high temperature and in contact with a cold metal surface, was used for the non-isothermal case. The theoretical results were compared with recovery data obtained from non-isothermal backward extrusion tests with a temperature history similar to the one described above. Reasonably good agreement was obtained.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230203
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane structural foam (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 144-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The mechanical response of integral-skin rigid polyurethane foam, with an average density of 300 to 700 kg/m3, to constant rate and creep loading was determined. Sandwich specimens were modeled by layers of a core material and two skins, whose secant moduli had been determined experimentally by separate tests and approximated by linear functions of the density. The effective rigidities of the sandwich in tension and flexure were calculated and compared favorably to experimental measurements. The sandwich structure improved the flexural rigidity of homogeneous foam by a factor of more than 2.20. Tensile creep tests of sandwich specimens at relatively low stress levels (up to about 38 percent of their strength) showed that the creep was nonlinear, but a single creep curve could represent creep of specimens of various densities, provided the relative load on them was the same. A limited number of flexural creep tests led to similar conclusions, but the creep rate was smaller than in tension. Results from torsion tests of core material, compressive tests of sandwich specimens, and tension and compression tests of nonskin rigid foam are included in this article.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230308
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correction (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 176-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230311
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermokinetic modeling of an epoxy resin I. Chemoviscosity (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 186-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It is shown that the Williams-Landel-Ferry equation can be taken to describe the temperature dependence of viscosity of an amine-cured epoxy resin. Furthermore, for this resin system, the two parameters of the W-L-F equation can be expressed simply as functions of hardener concentration. Since the hardener concentration decreases with advancement, and since the reaction rate equation for advancement is readily determined and known, the viscosity can be calculated over any temperature (cure) cycle.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230404
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residual stress craze and crack formation in poly(methyl methacrylate)Presented in part at the Fifth International Conference on Deformation, Yield, and Fracture of Polymers, Cambridge, U.K., 1982. (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 211-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Samples of poly(methyl methacrylate) with a central circular hole are compressed, and crazes form on or after unloading, provided that the strain attains or exceeds a threshold value ∊t. Crazes induced in air are transformed rapidly to cracks, but environmental crazes are more stable. These residual stress crazes form at the diameter of the hole on a plane perpendicular to the applied stress direction. In contrast, during loading, crazes form on the vertical plane containing the hole axis. Unloading crazes are relatively insensitive to changes in strain rate, whereas loading erazes have a pronounced rate dependence. Environmental residual stress crazing exhibits an apparent rate sensitivity at constant time, but the critical applied strain ∊t is essentially constant, irrespective of rate, if the sample is in contact with the environment for a sufficiently long time to ensure that the minimum ∊t is obtained. Residual stress crazes appear to initiate at the equator of the hole, and the maximum tensile residual strain, indicated by a strain gauge, occurs in this position.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230409
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Head-to-head polymers 27: Thermal degradation of head-to-head polyisobutylene (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 226-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Head-to-head polyisobutylene degrades at a maximum rate at 320°C, a temperature about 65°C lower than head-to-tail polyisobutylene. Under our conditions, head-to-tail (the regular polyisobutylene) degrades (as do many other disubstituted vinyl monomers) to a high yield of the monomer isobutylene. Surprisingly, head-to-head polyisobutylene also degraded, primarily to isobutylene. Liquid, low-molecular compounds, probably dimers, were also obtained from head-to-tail and head-to-head polyisobutylene. A mechanism of this degradation is proposed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230412
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical aging in polystyrene: Comparison of the changes in creep behavior with the enthalpy relaxation (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 318-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Physical aging in polystyrene was studied by annealing samples isothermally (at 22°, 57°, and 93°C) for various lengths of time and measuring the changes in the enthalpy and the flexural creep property. The enthalpy decrease reached a constant value after about 10 hours of aging at 93°C, indicating an apparent attainment of equilibrium, whereas the creep behavior continued to change with prolonged aging even after 10 hours. At room temperature it took about a year of aging to induce a measurable change in enthalpy, while the creep behavior showed changes clearly only after hours of aging. These and other items of evidence indicate that the effect of aging on the creep behavior cannot be interpreted solely in terms of the free volume concept. Thus the hope of being able to predict the mechanical properties of aged polymers from the measurement of specific volume or enthalpy alone is not likely to be realized.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230605
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toughened nylon resins (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 380-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The impact failure of blends of nylon 6,6 and low density polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PEgMA) is discussed in terms of fracture morphology, composition, and particle adhesion and dispersion. Basic criteria for effective impact modification of these materials are developed. A numerical model for estimating the extent of shear banding resulting from shear stress field overlap between neighboring impact modifier particles is presented.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230703
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230801
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemiluminescence studies of the degradation and stabilization of polymersPresented to the 28th IUPAC Maeromolecular Symposium, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, July 1982. (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 412-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In order to predict the safe service life of a polymer from its rate of oxidation, a detailed understanding of degradation and stabilization reactions in the induction period is required. The mechanism by which an oxidizing polymer emits weak visible light (chemiluminescence) is reviewed and the use of the technique to study the early stages of the oxidation of nylon 66 and polypropylene is considered. Steady-state chemiluminescence experiments are described to measure the activation energy of initiation of nylon 66 oxidation and to study the mechanism of the dark reaction of a hindered amine light stabilizer (and its nitroxyl radical) with polypropylene hydroperoxide. Non-stationary experiments, in which the steady state is perturbed by UV irradiation and gas switching, demonstrate the reactions of long lived alkyl radicals in the induction period. The observation of stress-induced chemiluminescence from nylon 66 shows the effect of even a low fiber load is to greatly increase the rate of oxidation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230708
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure dependence of newtonian viscosity (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 446-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Recently, a new method of generalization of the zero shear viscosity of liquids has been proposed. The method utilizes a modified Doolittle formula and the temperature-dependent volume, as expressed by the corresponding states theory of liquids. Furthermore, the glass-transition temperature has been employed as the scaling parameter. The proposed treatment allowed prediction of the correlation between: (i) viscosity, η, and temperature, T, (ii) η and the molecular weight of polymer, (iii) η and concentration, and (iv) the combined effect of these variables. At present, the method is extended to the pressure, P, effect. Furthermore, by substituting the free volume fraction in the Doolittle formula by the theoretical “hole fraction,” a master-relation is proposed that provides means for predicting η = h(T, P) dependence.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230806
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An observation on the han-villamizar critical pressure concept in thermoplastic foams (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 354-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This note draws together the Han-Villamizar experimental observations on the critical pressure at which gas bubbles became visible in flowing thermoplastic melts and a simple method of predicting the equilibrium pressure based on gas solubility. It is shown that the observed pressure is 40 to 75 percent of the calculated pressure.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230610
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic mechanical studies of thermal aging in poly(vinyl chloride) (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 390-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of thermal aging on the dynamic mechanical properties of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) are examined in the glass transition (Tg) and β transition (Tβ) regions. PVC, when quenched through Tg and then annealed at 40°C, exhibits a sub-Tg peak in the loss modulus function. The position of the peak moves to higher temperatures with increasing annealing time. The effect is analogous to sub-Tg endothermic peaks previously observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A sub-Tβ peak in the tan δ or the loss modulus functions can be produced by quenching through Tβ. The effect of heating rate on the sub-Tβ peak is explored.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230704
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the solvent-evaporation effect on spin coating of thin filmsPresented at the meeting of the American Chemical Society, Division of Organic Coatings and Plastics Chemistry, Las Vegas, March 1982. (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 399-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A simple empirical relationship exists between the thickness and the solvent-evaporation rate of spin-coated thin films. The thickness of a film formed from an organic solvent solution can be approximated by the relationship\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ D = K_0 \mu ^{0.36} \omega ^{ - 0.50} (E\lambda /C_p)^{0.60} $\end{document}, where μ is the viscosity of the coating solution, ω is the rotation speed, E is the solvent-evaporation rate, λ is the latent heat of evaporation, Cp is the heat capacity of the solvent, and K0 is a constant for volatile organic solvents. A similar relationship for aqueous polymer solutions is\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ D = K_0 \mu ^{0.36} \omega ^{ - 0.50} (1.0 - RH)^{0.60} $\end{document}, where RH is the relative humidity of air around the spin coater and Ka is a constant for aqueous solutions. These relationships are helpful in understanding the mechanism of thin-film formation in spin coating.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230706
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Process control of injection molding (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 431-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper discusses the most important input parameters affecting the conventional injection-molding process and describes a closed-loop control system for determining the interaction between ten process inputs and three output parameters. The input parameters are: back pressure, holding pressure, injection time, open mold time, shot size, clamping pressure, injection pressure, screw speed, and boost cut-off. The output parameters studied are: part weight, maximum cavity pressure, and maximum mold deflection.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230804
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Head to head polymers. XXV:Part XXIV: M. Malanga and O. Vogl, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., in press. Properties of head to head polyisobutylene (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 597-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Head-to-head polyisobutylene, prepared by the Grignard coupling reaction of 2,2,3,3-tetramethyl-1,4-dibromobutane had molecular weight of 3,000 to 10,000 and was characterized by wide angle x-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and thermal behavior. Head-to-head polyisobutylene is crystalline, with a crystalline melting point of 187°C and a glass transition temperature of 87°C (measured by DSC at a scan rate of 20°/min.); these values compare to a glass transition temperature of head-to-tail polyisobutylene of similar molecular weight of -61°C and a crystalline melting point of 5°C, which can only be observed when the sample was stretched. The maximum rate of degradation of head-to-head polyisobutylene (20°/min. programmed temperature increase) is at 315°C, 70°C lower than that of head-to-tail polyisobutylene.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231012
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melt rheology of polymer blends the morphology feedback (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 618-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Particular rheology compositions (PRC) so far observed for blends of polyolefins are confirmed with composition dependence of melt elasticity and viscosity functions for polypropylene/rubbers and blends of other commercial polymers. Particular morphology at PRC was indirectly ascertained from the composition dependence of specific volume, vT-compositions for which the maximum vT observed are those of minimum viscoelasticity. Direct evidence from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that the disperse morphology undergoes distinct change at PRC: from uniform into bimodal, with coarser core. Rubber rich mixtures display stratified texture confirming that the melt elasticity ratio (Van Oene's) criterion for disperse/stratified morphology transition is valid in case of polypropylene/rubber blends. For a set of polymers of given melt elasticity ratios and at a composition ratio, static and rotational distributive mixers generate polyblends differing significantly in the melt rheology - morphology interaction.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231106
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compounding extruders for improved polyblends (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 642-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An expanding application for compounding extruders is the production of materials with new and outstanding properties by blending two or more polymer components. Mixing is essential to control domain size and insure nongradient properties whether the components are miscible, multiphase with discreet domains, or multiphase with stratified structure. This paper will comment on important mechanisms for dispersion in single-screw and twin-screw compounding extruders. A theoretical model for mixing via kneading blocks in twin-screw corotating extruders is experimentally verified. The pigment distribution was found experimentally to agree generally with theory. The commercially interesting polyblend systems and compounder geometries are more complicated than the theoretical model. Practical compounder design considerations for miscible, rubber-toughened and two-phase stratified systems are presented.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231110
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231201
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NMR characterization of intermolecular interactions for polymers, IV. Intermolecular interactions of low molecular weight analogues for compatible blends of polystyrene and poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 650-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The intermolecular interaction, IMI, leading to the compatibility of polystyrene, PS, and poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide), PPO, has been identified by analyzing the IMI of the model compounds of low molecular weight; cumene, styrene oligomer, 2,6-dimethyl phenol, and its trimer. The IMI has been detected and identified applying Rummens' method for the analysis of the solvent-induced changes in NMR chemical shifts. The results indicate that the driving force in the formation of the compatible blend of PS and PPO is the π-hydrogen bond between the electrodeficient methyl groups in PPO and π-orbitals in PS. There were no indications that n-hydrogen bonds are formed between ring hydrogens of PS and the oxygen in PPO.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231203
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescence study of polymer chain interpenetration and of the rate of phase separation in incompatible polymer blends (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 689-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The application of fluorescence techniques has been demonstrated for the study of four polymer problems: (a) If two different polymers are labeled with donor and acceptor fluorophores, respectively, which exhibit nonradiative energy transfer, the emission spectrum of their blends will depend on whether the two polymeric species are miscible or segregated into separate phases. Thus, the emission spectrum may be used as a measure of polymer compatibility. (b) Since rapid freeze-drying preserves the extent of chain interpenetration which existed in solution, the energy transfer between labeled polymers may be used to study the extent of such interpenetration on solution concentration. (c) Phase separation when heating blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(benzyl methacrylate) may be followed by the change in the emission spectrum of the latter. (d) The interdiffusion of separated poly(ethyl methacrylate) molecules labeled with donor and acceptor fluorophores may be monitored by the increase in the nonradiative energy transfer.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231209
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The stability of blends of incompatible thermoplastics (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 614-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Conventional thermodynamic reasoning would predict that it would be very difficult to melt blend incompatible polymers and that if such blends were made they would be highly unstable and would phase separate upon heating. A method has been developed to melt blend incompatible polymers (such as poly(methylmethacrylate) and polyethylene) to form two continuous interpenetrating phases and that upon prolonged heating the stability of the structure is increased rather than decreased.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231105
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical properties of injection molded blends of poly(ethylene-terephthalate) and poly(amide-6,6) (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 637-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Data have been obtained regarding the tensile and impact behavior of pure poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polyamide 6,6 (PA) and blends of PA in PET in concentrations of 5, 10, 25, 30 and 35 percent by weight of PA. The measurements were carried out at -40, 23 and 70°C. Dispersion and sample preparation were carried out in a reciprocating screw injection-molding machine. All blends exhibited brittle behavior and low strength, when compared to pure components. Although some enhancement of mechanical properties might be realized by orientation, it is suggested that the observed behavior might be attributed to the low quality of dispersion achievable in injection molding process. This conclusion is supported by microscopic evidence.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231109
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the application of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to the elucidation of specific interactions in miscible polyester-poly(vinyl chloride) blends (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 658-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: FT-IR spectroscopic studies have been performed in an attempt to elucidate the nature of the specific interactions occurring in miscible poly(∊-caprolactone) (PCL)-poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) blends. Studies of low molecular weight analogues, polymer/solvent mixtures and blends of PCL and α-deuterated PVC are presented. The results strongly suggest that a hydrogen bonding type of interaction between the carbonyl bond of PCL and the α-hydrogen of PVC exists in compatible PCL-PVC blends.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231204
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competitive equilibria in miscible polymer blends and low molecular weight analogues: A fourier transform infrared study (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 663-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The relative magnitudes of specific interactions are compared by setting up competitive equilibria in mixed solvent systems. The positions of the equilibria are determined spectroscopically by resolving the overlapping absorptions of the two solvation states. This technique is applied to the study of interactions between polyesters (or model compounds) and a variety of solvents which mimic possible interacting centers in halogenated polymers. Using the same technique of resolving overlapping bands, it is also demonstrated that in a miscible blend of polycaprolactone and Phenox (a polyhydroxyether of bisphenol A) only a relatively small proportion of the carbonyl groups of polycaprolactone are involved in specific interactions with the Phenoxy.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231205
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fourier transform infrared studies of poly(vinyl chloride) blends with ethylene Co- and terpolymers (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 682-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The miscibility of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with various ethylene copolymers and terpolymers were investigated using FT-IR spectroscopy. All blends reported were 50/50 by weight. In blends of PVC with ethylene/dimethyl acrylamide copolymer (E/DMA), frequency shifts were observed in the amide carbonyl (proton acceptor) and the α-hydrogen of PVC (proton donor) characteristic bands. In blends of PVC with ethylene/ethyl acrylate/carbon monoxide terpolymer (E/EA/CO), both the ester carbonyl and the ketone carbonyl characteristic frequencies showed mutual shifts and appeared as if they merged together. Small frequency shifts were also observed in the α-hydrogen of PVC characteristic bands. In blends of PVC with ethylene/vinyl acetate/carbon monoxide terpolymer (E/VA/CO), the ester carbonyl frequency showed a shift while that of the ketone carbonyl was essentially unchanged. On the other hand, in PVC blends with ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (E/VA), the ester CO frequency did not show any shift, which is consistent with their observed immiscibility. Thus, it is clear that incorporating a ketone —C=O in ethylene/ester copolymers to form the corresponding terpolymers enhances their miscibility with PVC as earlier proposed on the basis of dynamic mechanical studies. Similar results were shown for blends of PVC with ethylene/2 ethyl hexyl acrylate/carbon monoxide terpolymer (E/2EHA/CO). Frequency shifts imply specific interactions which suggest polymer-polyer miscibility on a molecular scale.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231208
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review on processing ultra high tenacity fibers from flexible polymer (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 697-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The various efforts up to date on the processing of ultra high tenacity fibers from flexible polymer have been summarized in this report. Some significant parameters correlating well with ultra high tenacity have been found through consideration of experimental results of polyethylene, despite the wide diversity in the processing techniques, degrees of drawing, thermal conditions, and molecular weight characteristics. It has been concluded from those parameters that ultra high tenacity fibers can be only attained by processing techniques satisfying the following structural principles simultaneously: 1.ultra drawing with draw ratio above 20 for increasing the number of tie molecules and the degree of molecular orientation.2.reduction of the small angle x-ray scattering intensity, correlating to an increase in the number of tie molecules.3.increase in molecular chain length for reducing the intermolecular chain slip at polymer chain ends.4.increase the slope of the Griffith plot, a manifestation of reducing defeets and flaws in microfibrils.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231302
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post-curing of dental restorative resin (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 704-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The post-curing of a bisphenol A-glycidyl-methacrylate based copolymer system at 37°C and 100 percent relative humidity was monitored using Fourier Transform IR (FT-IR). The dependence of degree of post-curing on the monomer and initiator components was investigated. The further polymerization achieved by elevating the temperature was measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results clearly demonstrated that this free radical curing process was severely quenched by vitrification. Furthermore, a rapid loss in the reactivity to further curing was observed for the material in the quenched state, and this loss in reactivity was attributed to the decay of free radicals.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231303
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel technique for measuring the impact properties of a tough polyethylene (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 708-712 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A novel technique is described which enables reliable fracture toughness measurements to be made in impact test on relatively small specimens of a tough polyethylene. Composite specimens have been made in which a tough polyethylene is sandwiched between two layers of a more brittle polyethylene. The overall fracture toughness is interpreted on the basis of simple additivity of the strain energy release rate associated with each of the component layers. Brittle plane strain failures were obtained for specimens in which the relative thickness of the layers was varied over a substantial range and the fracture toughness of each layer determined by suitable extrapolation. The fracture toughness of the brittle layer obtained in this way agreed well with direct measurements on that material.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231304
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heating and bonding mechanisms in ultrasonic welding of thermoplastics (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 726-733 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An experimental study of the heating and bonding mechanisms in ultrasonic welding is described. Polystyrene specimens were joined under a variety of welding conditions while the temperatures at the interface and within the interior of these specimens were measured. The power input, amplitude of vibrations, and amount of deformation during welding were measured concurrently. In general, the rate of heating at the interface is greatest at the beginning of the weld cycle, but slows markedly after the interface temperature reaches approximately 250°C. The interface temperature peaks well before the weld is completed. Temperatures within the body increase most rapidly at temperatures near the glass transition temperature. Welded specimens were broken on a special testing apparatus under combined torsional and compressional loads to determine the weld strength. The results show that weld strength is dependent on the amount of energy input and the degree to which material flows out of the interface region. Possible mechanisms for heating and bonding during ultrasonic welding are discussed in light of the observed behavior.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231307
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion of ethyl acetate vapor in strained low density polyethylene (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 734-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: At a fixed vapor pressure p of the penetrant and constant temperature of the experiment, the sorption S = c/p or concentration c of the ethylacetate vapor in the uniaxially strained low density polyethylene (LDPE) increases most rapidly at low strains. If, however, on the basis of strain relaxation one separates the total strain ∊ into an elastic ∊e, and a plastic ∊pl, deformation, one obtains an almost linear increase of the concentration c or sorption S of the sorbate with elastic strain ∊e. The separation of ∊ = ∊e + ∊pl depends very much on the time th the sample is kept elongated and the vapor pressure p of the sorbate. The elastic component decreases and the complementary plastic fraction increases with th and p. An almost stationary state is reached after th of about 1/2 h. The calculation of the diffusion coefficient Ds1 from the first sorption immediately after the stretching is affected by this slow adjustment in the interval 0 ≤ th ≤ ½h and shows a pseudo maximum at a strain of ∊∼ = 10 percent. The first desorption experiment and all the later sorptions and desorptions yield the same DD = DS 〈 DS1 that is the correctly calculated diffusion coefficient D. The coefficient D decreases with the strain ∊ or ∊e in contrast with the expected increase of Da of the amorphous component. Such an increase of Da is expected as a consequence of the fractional free volume (FFV) increase caused by the elongation. According to the FFV concept, a decrease of the measured apparent diffusion coefficient D = ψDa requires that with increasing ∊, the tortuosity factor ψ decreases faster than the increase in Da.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231308
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(methyl α-trifluoromethylacrylate) as a positive electron beam resist (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 1000-1003 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A mechanistic hypothesis is presented which explains the radiation chemistry of poly(methyl α-haloacrylate)s. In order to test the hypothesis poly(methyl α-trifluoromethylacrylate) PMTFMA was synthesized together with copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA), and the α-trifluoromethyl analog. The mechanistic hypothesis predicts that PMTFMA should have a higher G scission than PMMA and that it should have no crosslinking propensity. This prediction was verified by experiment. Imaging of PMTFMA as a positive e-beam resist is also presented. The new material is a more sensitive resist than PMMA.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231805
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrafast deep UV lithography using excimer lasers (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 1019-1021 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Various excimer laser wavelengths have been used, both in mid- and deep-UV regions - 308 nanometers (nm) from XeCl, 249 nm from KrF and 222 nm from KrCl-to delineate images in a number of resists. The quality of the images obtained with the laser exposures, the absence of speckle, and the insignificant loss of resist reciprocity make excimer laser lithography an attractive technique. The ultrafast exposures possible with this method significantly lessen the sensitivity requirements on deep UV resists, making the choice of the resist more flexible.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231808
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the influence of process factors on plasma developed X-ray resist properties (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 1029-1038 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: UV spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and liquid chromatography (LC) have been used to analyze process factors that influence the properties of PDXR-2 plasma developed X-ray resist comprised of 92.5 wt percent poly(2,3-dichloro-1-propyl acrylate) and 7.5 wt percent bis-acryloxybutyltetramethyldisiloxane (BABTDS). The GPC-LC method is particularly useful in optimizing fixing conditions, determining monomer concentration in the film, and studying molecular processes caused by absorbed X-rays and thermal effects during fixing. Evidence for a synergistic sensitivity enhancement resulting from fixing and exposure is presented. Optimally processed O2 reactive-ion etch developed patterns exhibit a microgranular texture in both exposed and unexposed regions of 〈500 Å size. Unexposed region texture consists of SiO2 resulting from the BABTDS monomer. It is completely removed by reactive ion etching with CHF3 for short times at low power. The exposed area texture is not removed and affords an edge roughness per line edge of 〈500 Å. Resolution appears mask limited while granular size is dependent on exposure time. A 20 sec exposure optimizes resolution, pattern uniformity, and granularity. 0.5 μm line and space resolution can be obtained with the X-ray machine and masks currently in use.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231811
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A breakthrough to the plasma deposited dry-developable e-beam resist (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 1043-1046 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper presents the preliminary results of efforts to improve dry processed electron beam resist materials using plasma polymerization coating technology. Three approaches investigated were chemical susceptibility modification, the use of multilayer resist structures, and the effect of grafting reactions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231813
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organosilicon polymers for lithographic applications (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 1054-1058 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Linear polymers of silicone gums (polysiloxanes) have many attributes that make them attractive for lithographic applications, such as oxidative and thermal stability, good adhesion properties, solubility in common solvents, and resistance to etching in an oxygen plasma. When polysiloxanes are used as the top imaging layer (∼2000Å) in a two-layer resist system, the developed negative siloxane images act as a high resolution etch mask for the oxygen plasma etching of the bottom planarizing polymer layer. Commercially available polysiloxanes have been evaluated for their deep UV sensitivity at 2537Å, and have been found to have very high resolution capabilities (∼0.5μ) and high contrast (γ = 4). The negative images do not swell in the developer, and the line width is therefore independent of development time. The combination of high resolution, sensitivity, and ease of processing make this a simple multilayer system for deep UV and e-beam applications.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231816
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...