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  • Articles  (31)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (31)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (31)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 1995-1999  (31)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1996  (31)
  • 1981
  • Political Science  (31)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This note discusses a number of key issues developed by the Corporate Governance Project of the American Law Institute (ALI) and published in its report, The Principles of Corporate Governance: Analysis and Recommendations. This examination will focus on the socially and ethically important elements regarding the objective and conduct of the business corporation, and the twin fiduciary duties of care and fair dealing.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Boards of directors of large American corporations are marked by a surprising degree of overlap in their memberships. The median Fortune 500 firm interlocked (shared directors) with seven other large firms during the mid-1980s, although this prevalence dropped slightly by the mid-1990s. In contrast to Japan, interlocks among American firms are rarely linked to banking relationships or vertical (buyer-supplier) relationships; rather, they reflect the embeddedness of corporate governance in social structures (e.g., friendship or other ties). Recent empirical research has linked interlocks to almost every important aspect of corporate governance, from executive compensation to strategies for takeovers and defending against takeovers. These findings suggest that proposals for reforming boards of directors through changing incentive structures (e.g., paying directors in equity rather than cash) are likely to have little effect because they misconstrue the role of the board as a social institution.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This study examines the associations between the characteristics of initial public offering (IPO) firms and the voluntary use of outside directors. Five firm characteristics are examined: inside share ownership, variance of aftermarket returns, operating history, leverage, and firm size. Based on a sample of 110 New Zealand firms which made initial public offerings of equity securities over the period 1983 to 1987, the study finds that greater variance of after-market returns and a lower inside share ownership are associated with a greater proportion of outside directors. In addition, firms without operating histories are likely to use relatively more outside directors. However, leverage and firm size are not significantly related to the proportion of outside directors. Overall, the findings from the study are generally consistent with arguments that firms with greater agency problems are likely to use relatively more outside directors because these directors are perceived to be more effective in mitigating agency problems.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This paper seeks to identify the determinants of corporate ownership and control that emerge in regulatory environments which do not inhibit the issue of shares with differential voting rights and/or the establishment of pyramid holding companies (which serve exactly the same purpose). [Methodologically, the paper follows the seminal study of the US corporate structure by Demsetz & Lehn (1985).] Such settings tend to produce very concentrated control structures, which contrast sharply with those of the USA, the UK and Australia, where the distribution of shareholder votes in the large public corporations is relatively diffuse. Relatively lenient listing regulations have produced in South Africa a corporate landscape dominated by pyramid holding companies and multilayered diversified corporate groupings. These structures have effectively concentrated the control of most of the large public companies in the hands of a few entrepreneurial families (as well as the two large life insurance mutuals). This setting has enabled us to advance and test hypotheses about control and ownership which would be more difficult to test in a US, UK or Australian setting. Almost all the companies in our sample were found to be under the absolute control of a single identifiable shareholder coalition (usually one or two families) but the underlying percentage shareholding of the controlling group in each company was found to vary dramatically and systematically. We sought to explain that variation and to identify the role of the market as a constraint on the ability of controlling shareholders who wish to dilute their equity stake without surrendering control for the purpose of expanding their companies (without incurring additional debt) and/or diversifying their personal wealth. Demsetz & Lehn had already identified the factors that determine the demand by shareholders for equity dilution but not those constraining their ability to do so. This paper, therefore, attempts to shed light on the way in which principal/agent problems affecting shareholders and managers are resolved when one-share-one-vote is neither enforced nor encouraged by the regulatory environment.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Executive compensation has recently become the subject of extensive scrutiny by the popular press. However, compensation for corporate directors is one area which has only received little attention or research. The present study combined resource dependence and agency theories with previous research on executive salaries to develop an explanatory model of director compensation. Data were collected from US firms at two points in time to assess the stability of these predictors. Four variables were found to have a significant relationship with director compensation: firm size, firm profitability, equity ownership by directors, and resource richness of the board. However, the explanatory power of these variables appear to decline over time. Practical implications of these results are discussed.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This paper examines corporate governance in management buy-outs and buy-ins and in particular considers the problems faced by venture capitalists as active investors. Evidence is presented based on large scale surveys and case studies. The study suggests the importance of achieving a balance between the independence of venture capitalists as monitors of management and the need for cooperation in their relationships with managers in buy-outs and buy-ins. The study also questions the adequacy with which financiers as active investors have taken account of the differing attributes of each type of transaction, particularly in relation to access to information and the roles of management. The costs of closely monitoring smaller investments may often exceed the benefits, which helps explain why the greater control found in buy-ins is more likely to be indirect rather than greater board representation. The evidence suggests the need for a flexible approach to governance under which the forms adopted take account of the specific circumstances of a particular enterprise.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: As the 21st century approaches, there are many pressures prompting changes in corporate board behavior. The author characterizes the current responses as TQM (more of the same, only better) or reengineering (transformation). To respond adequately to the reality and complexities of a global economy, the author argues that approaches to both corporate governance and boards are in need of reengineering. Directions for board transformation are illustrated with a new framework based on the orientation and constitution of boards. Five new board configurations and the path of evolution are presented.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Good Practice for Directors: Standards For The Board Institute of Directors, London. Corporate Goernacne, Robert A. G. Monks and Nell Minow.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The collection of papers in this volume concerns boards of directors – as they are now and how they are likely to be transformed as the world, and organizations, move into the 21st century.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Industrial foundations are private, self-governing institutions that own business companies. This ownership category is quite common in Northern Europe although it appears to violate the basic principles of the (Anglo-American) neoclassical corporation: profit maximization and risk diversification. The paper examines the economic performance of foundation-owned companies using accounting data drawn from a sample of the 300 largest Danish companies 1982-1992. Surprisingly, it is found that foundation-owned companies perform slightly better than companies with private (personal) or public (dispersed) ownership. Foundation-owned companies appear to specialize in capital and research intensive activities with high profit-sales ratios which indicates that they are competitive in activities that require continuous long run investment. A parallel paper proposes a theoretical explanation.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Parkinson, J.E. (1993) Corporate Power and Responsibility – issues in the theory of law. The Director at Risk – accountability in the boardroom; Henry Bosch. American Anti-munagement Theories of Organization, Donaldson, Lex. Ownership and Control: Rethinking corporate Rethinking corporate governance for the twenty-first century, Blair Margaret M.
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This paper considers the transformations in boards of directors for the 21st century by focusing on the rich and complex set of roles and responsibilities ascribed to and assumed by board members. The differences and similarities in director selection, evaluation, and separation are also examined. The implications of these findings and future transformations in such roles and responsibilities for governing boards in both the corporate and nonprofit sectors are discussed.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The paper compares the contribution, power and influence of non-executive directors and part-time chairpersons within large UK PLC's, using interview data collected for a pilot study. Two questions are addressed:What contribution, if any, is made by non-executive directors and part-time chairmen?How, if at all, do part-time chairpersons exercise power and influence?The paper reveals that part-time chairmen and non-executive directors claim to contribute to a broad range of issues, ranging from the strategy of the firm, to the appointment, selection and dismissal of board members. Contribution is made by part-time chairmen and non-executive directors converting power sources into influence. A variety of influence methods are used by part-time chairmen and non-executive directors to contribute as board members. Part-time chairmen influence most by assertiveness, using the authority that comes with leading the board. Non-executive directors influence most through persuasion and coalition formation. Non-executive directors less on their positional authority to exert influence, and more on their personal knowledge, experience and expertise, as well as their ability to form relationships with individuals both inside and outside of the boardroom.
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This UK study investigates whether the stock market prefers companies to award the positions of chairman and chief executive officer to two different people instead of permitting a single individual, the ‘dual CEO', to combine them. The results suggest (a) that the market responds favourably to the separation of the two roles and unfavourably to their fusion and (b) that the accounting performance of companies which adopt a ‘dual CEO’ appears to decline subsequent to this change.
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Institutional investors are estimated to own between 65%-75% of shares of quoted companies in the U.K., and 47%-50% of U.S. equities, although for many large corporations in the U.S., institutional ownership far exceeds 50%.Institutional investors have the potential to exert significant influence on companies via their voting rights, and this has clear implications for corporate governance, especially in terms of the standards of corporate governance and issues concerned with enforcement. In the U.K. institutional shareholders are encouraged to exercise their voting rights. In the U.S. the Department of Labor has stated clearly that it considers that the exercise of the vote is a fiduciary duty of shareholders, and it has expressed the view that U.S. institutional shareholders should vote their stock both in the U.S. and overseas.In this paper the frameworks that influence institutional investors to exercise their proxies are examined for both the U.S. and the U.K. The characteristics of each are discussed and models developed for the U.S. and U.K. The implications for voting, and for corporate governance generally, are discussed. The internationalisation of institutional portfolios results in a cross-border interest in corporate governance which makes this a particularly interesting area to analyse.
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This article reports the results of a survey of 101 UK company boards designed to obtain information on the extent of their strategic involvement, the style of strategy making, the planning process and the methods used to monitor and control the implementation of strategy. There is much prescriptive work on the need for boards to be involved in the strategy making process, but little empirical evidence has been gathered about current practices. This article makes a contribution to this debate. With Pettigrew (1993) we aim to avoid placing this research within any one research tradition, but attempt to provide descriptive results which increase our understanding of the board's role in strategy based on initial findings from an on-going study.
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Corporate governance 4 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8683
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: So many reports relevant to corporate governance have been published around the world recently that we cannot note or précis all of them. For the benefit of readers who might like to follow up some of them for their own research, we have decided to list some of the more significant.
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