ALBERT

Note: In kyrill. Schr. , Zsfassung in engl. Sprache

Note: Rostock, Univ., Diss., 2004 , Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Einleitung. - 1.1 Einführung. - 1.2 Die Ziele der Arbeit. - 2 Das Semi-Lagrange-Verfahren. - 2.1 Die Eigenschaften des Semi-Lagrange-Verfahrens. - 2.2 Die Grundgleichungen. - 2.3 Die Interpolation, lokal geodätische Koordinaten und der Massefixer. - 2.4 Die Anfangsverteilungen. - 3 Das mechanistische Zirkulationsmodell (KMCM). - 3.1 Die Grundlagen des Modells. - 3.2 Die KMCM-Experimente. - 3.3 Ergebnisse zu den Zirkulationsexperimenten. - 4 Ergebnisse. - 4.1 Die Mischung auf Isentropen im Vergleich zu 3D-Rechnungen. - 4.2 Der Transport für idealisierte und realistische Anfangsverteilungen. - 4.3 Einzelne Mischungsereignisse. - 4.4 Die Tracertransportgleichung auf Isentropen. - 4.4.1 Die Unterschiede im zonal gemittelten N2O für die verschieden Experimente. - 4.4.2 Die Qualität der Bilanzrechnungen. - 4.4.3 Die obere Troposphäre und untere Stratosphäre in äquatorialen Breiten. - 4.4.4 Die mittlere und obere äquatoriale Stratosphäre. - 4.4.5 Die Subtropen der Stratosphäre. - 4.5 Mischungsgebiete und Transportbarrieren. - 4.5.1 Der Gradient der potentiellen Wirbelstärke. - 4.5.2 Der effektive Diffusionskoeffizient. - 5 Zusammenfassung. - Abkürzungen und Symbole. - Literaturverzeichnis. - Abbildungsverzeichnis. - Tabellenverzeichnis.

Note: [englischer, deutscher und französischer Text]

Note: Inhalt = Content 1. Vorwort = Introduction 2. Ausgewählte Forschungsthemen = Selected research topics Wer sind die POMORen? = Who are the POMORs? / Kirsten Tuschling, Heidemarie Kassens, Vladimir Troyan, Jörn Thiede, Gerold Wefer Die deutsch-französische Polarforschungsplattform auf Spitzbergen = The French – German polar research platform on Spitsbergen / Roland Neuber, AWI, Franck Delbart, IPEV Auswirkungen der Elbeflutwelle August 2002 auf Muscheln und Fische im Wattenmeer = Health effects of the Elbe flood August 2002 on blue mussel and flounder in the German Wadden Sea / Sonja Einsporn, Katja Broeg, Angela Köhler Sylter Algenfarm: Makroalgen als Nährstoff-Filter für Fischfarmen und neues Nahrungsmittel in Deutschland = Sylt Algal Farm: Marine macroalgae as nutrient filters for fish farms and as a new food resource for Germany / Klaus Lüning, Shaojun Pang, Carsten Pape, Petra Kadel Überleben unter hochantarktischen Bedingungen, Untersuchungen an Pectiniden = Making a living in high-Antarctic waters, a study in pectinids / Daniela Storch, Olaf Heilmayer, Thomas Brey, Christian Bock, Hans-O. Pörtner, Wolf Arntz Die „süßen“ kalten Quellen der Antarktis = Antarctica‘s cold freshwater sources / Hartmut H. Hellmer Eigenschaften von Eisteilchen und ihre Auswirkung auf die Wolkenstruktur = Attributes of ice particles and their effects on the cloud structure / Ulrike Wacker, Thorsten Reinhardt Wärme für das Nordpolarmeer = Warming the Arctic Ocean / Ursula Schauer, Eberhard Fahrbach, Gerd Rohardt Stratosphärischer Ozonabbau: Das Auf und Ab in der Arktis = Stratospheric ozone destruction: the ups and downs in the Arctic / Markus Rex, Peter von der Gathen Permafrost-Küsten der Arktis – Gefrorenes Land versinkt im Meer = Permafrost coasts of the Arctic – frozen land drowns in the Sea / Volker Rachold, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten Umweltrekonstruktionen mit Bioindikatoren in den polaren Landgebieten = Fossil remains indicate paleoenvironments in the terrestrial Arctic / Andrei Andreev, Frank Kienast, Thomas Kumke Feuer und Eis am Pol = Fire and ice at the North Pole / Wilfried Jokat Die Polarflugzeuge als wissenschaftliche Messplattform = Polar aircraft as platforms for scientific measurements / Uwe Nixdorf Variabilität des Flusseintrags in die Arktis – Natürliche Klimaschwankungen? = Variability of freshwater discharge in the Arctic – natural climate change? / Rüdiger Stein Von Tiefseekorallen über Schlammvulkane in die arktische Tiefsee – ‚Victor 6000‘ an Bord der ‚Polarstern‘ = Via deep-water corals and mud volcanoes into the Arctic deep sea – ’Victor 6000’ onboard the RV ’Polarstern’ / Michael Klages, Thomas Soltwedel Nahrungsnetze – Das Helgoland Foodweb Projekt = The Helgoland Foodweb Project / Karen Wiltshire, Maarten Boersma, Gunnar Gerdts, Reibhard Saborowski, Antje Wichels Faunenveränderung bei Helgoland = Changes in the faunal composition at Helgoland / Heinz-Dieter Franke, Lars Gutow Der antarktische Krill, ein Schlüsselorganismus im Südozean = The Antarctic krill, a key organism in the Southern Ocean / Bettina Meyer Ein Engel mit außergewöhnlicher Lipidbiochemie = An angel with exceptional lipid biochemistry / Marco Böer, Martin Graeve, Gerhard Kattner 3. Forschung = Research 3.1 Klimasystem = 3.1 Climate system 3.2 Pelagische Ökosysteme = 3.2 Pelagic ecosystems 3.3 Benthische Ökosysteme = 3.3 Benthic ecosystems 3.4 Geosysteme = 3.4 Geosystem 3.5 Projektgruppen = 3.5 Project groups 4. Logistik und Expeditionen = Logistics and operational activities 5. Nationale und internationale Zusammenarbeit = National and international cooperation 6. Informationszentrum = Information centre 7. Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit = Public relation department 8. Personelle Situation und Haushaltsentwicklung = Personal structure and budget trends 9. Veröffentlichungen, Patente = Publications, patents Anhang = Annex I. Wissenschaftliche Veranstaltungen = I. Scientific events II. Abgeschlossene Examensarbeiten = II. Completed theses and dissertations , In deutscher und englischer Sprache

Note: Contents (I) Motivation and Methods (A) The Antarctic Ice Sheet and its Role in the Global System (A.1) Main Geographic and Glaciologic Provinces of Antarctica (A.2) Climatic Change, Sea-Level Rise,and Changes in the Cryosphere (A.3) Modeling Versus Measuring B) Satellite Remote Sensing (B.1) An Overview of Ice Sheet Observations by Satellite (B.2) Satellite Radar Altimetry (B.2.1) Satellite Missions with Radar Altimeter Observations (B.2.1.1) SEASAT (B.2.1.2) GEOSAT (B.2.1.3) ERS-1 and ERS-2 (B.2.1.4) Other Missions with Altimeters, and Related Missions (B.2.2) Mission Types: Exact Repeat Missions and Geodetic Missions (B.2.3) Radar Measurement Principles (B.3) Analysis of Satellite Radar Altimeter Data over Ice Sheets and Glaciers (B.3.1) Problems and Methods of Mapping Ice Surface Elevation (B.3.2) Derivation of Ice Surface Roughness and Morphology (C) Data Analysis Methods Applied in the Antarctic Atlas (C.0) Introduction (C.1) Corrections of Radar Altimeter Data (C.1.1) Corrections Applied to Satellite Radar Altimeter Data for Ice Surface Mapping (C.1.2) The Bad-Track Problem (C.1.3) The Need for Interpolation of Geophysical Line Survey Data (C.2) Map Projection and Atlas Mapping (C.2.1) The UTM Projection (C.2.2) The Atlas Mapping Problem (C.2.3) The Solution: The Antarctic Atlas Mapping Scheme (C.2.4) Map Sheet Calculation with TRANSVIEW (C.3) Geostatistical Estimation (C.3.1) Concept of the Regionalized Variable and Principles of Variography (C.3.2) Kriging (C.3.3) Variography for Satellite Radar Altimeter Data over Antarctic Ice Surfaces (C.3.4) Application: Search Algorithm and Kriging Parameters for Antarctic Atlas DTMs. Mapping Parameters (C.3.4.1) Search Routine for Geophysical Line Survey Data and Software (C.3.4.2) Grid Spacing (C.3.4.3) Mapping Parameters: Contouring and Coloring Scheme (C.3.5) Error Analysis (C.3.6) Influence of the Radar Altimeter Sensor Compared to Influence of the Variogramin Kriging for GEOSAT and ERS-1 Data (C.4) The Role of the Geodetic Reference Surface (C.4.1) Ellipsoid and Geoid Concepts (C.4.2) Mapping of Ice Surfaces with Reference to Geoid Models (II) The Atlas (D) Atlas Maps (D.0) Map Organization and Description Principles (D.1) Latitude Row 63-68°S: Maps from GEOSAT and ERS-1 Radar Altimeter Data Map m45e37-53n63-68 Casey Bay Map m57e49-65n63-68 Napier Mountains Map m69e61-77n63-68 Mawson Coast East Map m81e73-89n63-68 Leopold and Astrid Coast Map m93e85-101n63-68 Queen Mary Coast Map m105e97-113n63-68 Knox Coast Map m117e109-125n63-68 Sabrina Coast Map m129e121-137n63-68 Clarie Coast Map m141e133-149n63-68 Adélie Coast Map m153e145-161n63-68 Ninnis Glacier Tongue Map m297e289-305n63-68 Antarctic Peninsula (Graham Land) (D.2) Latitude Row 67-72.1°S: Maps from GEOSAT and ERS-1 Radar Altimeter Data Map m15we23W-7Wn67-721 Ekström Ice Shelf Map m3we11w-5n67-721 Fimbul Ice Shelf Map m9e1-17n67-721 Princess Astrid Coast Map m21e13-29n67-721 Erskine Iceport Map m33e25-41n67-721 Riiser-Larsen Peninsula Map m45e37-53n67-721 Prince Olav Coast Map m57e49-65n67-721 Kemp Coast Map m69e61-77n67-721 Lambert Glacier Map m81e73-89n67-721 Ingrid Christensen Coast Map m93e85-101n67-721 Wilkes Land (e85-101n67-721) Map m105e97-113n67-721 Wilkes Land (e97-113n67-721) Map m117e109-125n67-721 Wilkes Land (e109-125n67-721) Map m129e121-137n67-721 Wilkes Land (e121-137n67-721) Map m141e133-149n67-721 Wilkes Land (e133-149n67-721) Map m153e145-161n67-721 Cook Ice Shelf Map m165e157-173n67-721 Pennell Coast Map m292e284-300n67-721 Antarctic Peninsula (Palmer Land) (D.3) Latitude Row 71-77°S: Maps from ERS-1 Radar Altimeter Data Map m333e315-351n71-77 Riiser-Larsen Ice Shelf Map m357e339-15n71-77 New Schwabenland Map m21e3-39n71-77 Sør Rondane Mountains Map m45e27-63n71-77 Belgica Mountains Map m69e51-87n71-77 Upper Lambert Glacier Map m93e75-111n71-77 American Highland Map m117e99-135n71-77 Dome Charlie Map m141e123-159n71-77 Southern Wilkes Land (e123-159) Map m165e147-183n71-77 Victoria Land Map m213e195-231n71-77 Ruppert Coast Map m237e219-255n71-77 Bakutis Coast Map m261e243-279n71-77 Walgreen Coast Map m285e267-303n71-77 Ellsworth Land Map m309e291-327n71-77 Black Coast (D.4) Latitude Row 75-80°S: Maps from ERS-1 Radar Altimeter Data Map m333e315-351n75-80 Coats Land Map m357e339-15n75-80 Western Queen Maud Land (North) Map m21e3-39n75-80 Central Queen Maud Land (North) Map m45e27-63n75-80 Valkyrie Dome Map m69e51-87n75-80 South of Lambert Glacier Map m93e75-111n75-80 East Antarctica (Sovetskaya) Map m117e99-135n75-80 East Antarctica (Vostok) Map m141e123-159n75-80 East Antarctica (Mt. Longhurst) Map m165e147-183n75-80 Scott Coast Map m189e171-207n75-80 Roosevelt Island Map m213e195-231n75-80 Saunders Coast Map m237e219-255n75-80 Northern Marie Byrd Land Map m261e243-279n75-80 Northern Hollick-Kenyon Plateau Map m285e267-303n75-80 Zumberge Coast Map m309e291-327n75-80 Ronne Ice Shelf (D.5) Latitude Row 78-81.5°S: Maps from ERS-1 Radar Altimeter Data Map m333e315-351n78-815 Filchner Ice Shelf Map m357e339-15n78-815 Western Queen Maud Land (South) Map m21e3-39n78-815 Central Queen Maud Land (South) Map m45e27-63n78-815 Eastern Queen Maud Land (South) Map m69e51-87n78-815 Dome Argus Map m93e75-111n78-815 East Antarctica (e75-111n78-815) Map m117e99-135n78-815 EastAntarctica (e99-135n78-815) Map m141e123-159n78-815 Byrd Glacier Map m165e147-183n78-815 Hillary Coast Map m189e171-207n78-815 Ross Ice Shelf Map m213e195-231n78-815 Shirase Coast Map m237e219-255n78-815 Southern Marie Byrd Land Map m261e243-279n78-815 Southern Hollick-Kenyon Plateau Map m285e267-303n78-815 Ellsworth Mountains Map m309e291-327n78-815 Berkner Island (III) Applications (E) Monitoring Changes in Antarctic Ice SurfaceTopography: The Example of the Lambert Glacier/Amery Ice Shelf System (E.1) The Problem of Monitoring Changes (E.2) Time Series of Digital Terrain Models and Maps (E.3) Altimeter Data: Acquisition and Corrections (E.4) Visual Comparison - Quantitative Comparison (E.5) Calculation of Elevation Changes (E.6) Discussion of Results on Elevation Changes (E.6.1) Results of the Monitoring Study (E.6.2) Comparison with Other Maps of Lambert Glacier/Amery Ice Shelf (E.7) On the Potential Existence of Surge Glaciers in the Lambert Glacier/Amery Ice Shelf System (E.7.1) Introduction to the Surge Phenomenon and Relationship to Results of the Monitoring Study (E.7.2) Discussion of the Surge Hypothesis in the Glaciologic Literature (F) Detailed Studies of Selected Antarctic Outlet Glaciers and Ice Shelves (F.0) Introduction (F.1) Detail Map 1: Slessor Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.2) Detail Map 2: Stancomb-Wills Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.3) Detail Map 3: Jutulstraumen Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.4) Detail Map 4: Shirase Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.5) Detail Map 5: Lambert Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.6) Detail Map 6: West Ice Shelf (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.7) Detail Map 7: Denman Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.8) Detail Map 8: Vanderford Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.9) Detail Map 9: Totten Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.10) Detail Maps 10: Mertz Glacier,11: Ninnis Glacier, and 12: Mertz and Ninnis Glaciers (GEOSAT Data 1985-86) (F.11) Detail Map 13: Rennick Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.12) Detail Map 14: David Glacier/Drygalski Ice Tongue (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.13) Detail Map15: Thwaites Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (F.14) Detail Map 16: PineIsland Glacier (ERS-1 Data 1995) (G) Combination of SAR and Radar Altimeter Data: Lambert Glacier/Amery Ice Shelf (IV) References and Appendix (H) References (I) Appendix (I.1)Glaciological Glossary (I.2) Index of Place Names (I.3) Antarctic Expeditions (I.3.1) Early Seagoing Expeditions (I.3.2) Expeditions to the Antarctic Continent (I.3.3) Antarctic Expeditions after the International Geophysical Year

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 2004

Note: Enthaltener Beitrag: Russian-German cooperation System Laptev Sea : the expedition Lena-Anabar 2003 / edited by Lutz Schirrmeister, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Lars Kutzbach, Dirk Wagner and Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov , Enthaltener Beitrag: The Russian-German TRANSDRIFT IX Expedition of RV "Ivan Kireyev" 2003 / edited by Carolyn Wegner, Jens Hölemann and Vladimir Churun , Contents for "Russian-German cooperation System Laptev Sea : the expedition Lena-Anabar 2003" 1 Introduction 2 Expedition itinerary and general logistics 3 Ecological studies on permafrost soils and landscapes of the central Lena Delta6 3.1 Aims and study area 3.2 Energy and water budget of permafrost soils – long time soil survey station on Samoylov Island 3.3 Micrometeorological measurements of energy, water, and carbon exchange between Arctic tundra and the atmosphere 3.3.1 Introduction 3.3.2 Experimental set-up 3.3.3 The observation period 2003 3.3.3.1 Wind characteristics 3.3.3.2 Meteorological conditions 3.3.3.3 Turbulent fluxes 3.4 Microbial process studies on methane fluxes from permafrost environments 3.4.1 Introduction 3.4.2 Methane emission and microbial methane production 3.4.2.1 Methods and field experiments 3.4.2.2 Preliminary results 3.4.3 Process studies on methane oxidation 3.4.3.1 Introduction and objectives 3.4.3.2 Methods and field experiments 3.4.3.3 Preliminary results 3.4.4 Further investigations 3.5 Studies on recent cryogenesis 3.6 Seasonal progression of active-layer thickness dependent on microrelief 3.6.1 Introduction 3.6.2 Methods 3.6.3 First results 3.7 Air photography and surface classification of Samoylov Island 3.8 Hydrobiological investigations in the Lena Delta in summer 2003 3.8.1 Objectives 3.8.2 Research tasks 3.8.3 Material and methods 3.8.4 Preliminary results 3.9 Appendices Appendix 3-1 Collected variables determined by direct measurements within the micrometeorological campaign Samoylov, 2003 Appendix 3-2 Variables derived from calculations within the micrometeorological campaign Samoylov, 2003 Appendix 3-3 Constants required in calculations Appendix 3-4 List of samples for methane emission and microbial methane production studies Appendix 3-5 List of soil samples for methane oxidation studies 3.10 References 4 Periglacial studies around Cape Mamontov Klyk 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Geological and geographical background 4.3 Geomorphologic route along the Urasalakh River 4.3.1 Structure of Quaternary deposits along the Urasalakh River valley 4.3.2 Geomorphologic structure of the valley 4.3.3 Studies of lakes 4.4 Multi-sensor optical remote sensing of periglacial tundra landscapes 4.4.1 Research aim 4.4.2 Satellite data 4.4.3 General geomorphology in the Lena-Anabar interfluve 4.4.4 Geomorphology in the investigation area near Cape Mamontov Klyk 4.4.5 Field data 4.4.6 Tachymetric survey of periglacial surface features 4.4.7 Characterisation in situ surface properties with a soil probe at a typical elevated Edoma plain 4.5 Methane-related studies on recent tundra soils 4.5.1 Introduction and objectives 4.5.2 Methods 4.5.3 First results 4.6 The coastal section of Cape Mamontov Klyk 4.6.1 General profile 4.6.2 Cryolithological studies of permafrost deposits 4.6.2.1 The first composite profile 4.6.2.2 The second composite profile 4.6.2.3 Additional sampled subprofiles 4.6.3 Ice wedges of Cape Mamontov Klyk 4.6.3.1 Introduction 4.6.3.2 The ice wedges in the lower sands (Unit A) and in the sand-peat-complex (Unit B) 4.6.3.3 Ice wedges of the Late Pleistocene Ice Complex (Unit C) and of Holocene deposits (Unit D) 4.6.3.4 Ground ice of unknown origin 4.6.3.5 Ice wedge section west of the Nuchcha Dzhiele River mouth 4.6.3.6 General interpretation of the sampled profile 4.6.4 Geomicrobiological studies 4.6.4.1Introduction and objectives 4.6.4.2 Methods 4.6.4.3 First results: Methane content of permafrost samples 4.6.5 Paleontological studies 4.7 Studies of coastal dynamics and sub sea permafrost 4.7.1 Preliminary results of sub-sea permafrost drilling in the near-shore zone (spring 2003) 4.7.1.1 Introduction and background 4.7.1.2 Methods and preliminary results 4.7.1.3 Further investigations 4.7.2 Measurements of the coast relief in the area of Cape Mamontov Klyk and ice and sediment sampling 4.7.2.1 Introduction 4.7.2.2 Methods 4.7.2.3 Preliminary results 4.7.2.4 Further investigations 4.7.3 Shore face profiles in the area of Cape Mamontov Klyk: echo sounding, seawater and sea bottom deposits sampling 4.7.3.1 Introduction 4.7.3.2 Methods 4.7.3.3 Preliminary results 4.7.3.4 Further investigations 4.8 References 4.9 Appendices Appendix 4-1. Surface parameters for the studied geolocated sites around Cape Mamontov Klyk Appendix 4-2. Active layer data of the geo-located sites Appendix 4-3. List of soil samples (active layer); collected in the coastal lowland Appendix 4-4. List of permafrost sediment and paleosol samples for microbiological, molecular biological and biochemical analyses Appendix 4-5. List of sediment samples Appendix 4-6. List of ice and water samples Appendix 4-7. Collection of bone samples , Content for "The Russian-German TRANSDRIFT IX Expedition of RV "Ivan Kireyev" 2003" 1. Process Studies on Permafrost Dynamics in the Laptev Sea – An Introduction 2. The TRANSDRIFT IX Expedition: Process studies on submarine permafrost dynamics in the Laptev Sea 3. Motivation: Deployment of two seafloor observatories 4. Recent stability factors of submarine permafrost 4.1 Working program 4.2 Preliminary results 5. Hydrochemical structure of the water column 5.1 Working program 6. Diversity of nitrifying bacteria in submarine permafrost 6.1 Working program 6.2 Preliminary Results 7. Appendix: Station list of the TRANSDRIFT IX (IK03) expedition 8. References

Note: Contents: Context. - Global climate change. - The Arctic region. - People of the Arctic. - Executive summary. - Arctic climate change and its impacts. - Key findings. - Arctic climate trends. - Impacts on natural systems. - Impacts on society. - Sub-regional impacts. - Supporting evidence for the key findings. - 1. Arctic climate change. - 2. Global implications. - 3. Vegetation changes. - 4. Animal species shifts. - 5. Coastal impacts. - 6. Marine transportation. - 7. Thawing ground. - 8. Indigenous communities. - 9. Ultraviolet radiation. - 10. Multiple stresses. - Selected sub-regional overview. - Improving future assessments. - Concluding thoughts. - Appendices. - Emissions scenarios. - Table of contents of ACIA Full Science Report. - Authors and affiliations. - Illustration and photography credits.

Note: Urbana, Ill., USA, Univ., Diss., 2003

Note: Zugl.:Hamburg, Univ., FB Biologie, Diss., 2003

Note: Zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 2004

Note: Contents: 1 The Arctic Ocean: Boundary Conditions and Background Information. - 1.1 Physiography and Bathymetry of the Arctic Ocean. - 1.2 The Arctic Ocean: Modern Status and Recent Climate Change. - 1.3 The Tectonic Evolution of the Arctic Ocean: Overview and Perspectives. - 1.4 Geochemical Proxies Used for Organic Carbon Source Identification in Arctic Ocean Sediments. - 2 Modern Terrigenous Organic Carbon Input to the Arctic Ocean. - 2.1General Introduction. - 2.2 River Input. - 2.3 Organic Carbon Input to the Artic Seas Through Coastal Erosion. - 2.4 The Role of Arctic Sea Ice in Transporting and Cycling Terrestrial Organic Matter. - 2.5 Aeolian Input. - 2.6 Summary and Concluding Remarks. - 3 Primary and Secondary Production in the Arctic Seas. - 3.1 Introduction. - 3.2 Major Algal Groups and Their Distribution. - 3.3 Limitation and Control of Primary Production 3.4 Primary Production and Growth Rate. - 3.5 Seasonality. - 3.6 Distribution of Primary Production. - 3.7 Mesozooplankton . - 3.8 Primary Production - Impact of Climate Change. - 3.9 Summary and Concluding Remarks . - 4 The Role of Dissolved Organic Matter for the Organic Carbon Cycle in the Arctic Ocean. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Riverine DOM on Arctic Shelves and Beyond. - 4.3 Distribution, Chemical Composition, and Fluxes of Marine DOM in the Central Arctic Ocean. - 4.4 Summary and Concluding Remarks. - 5 Particulate Organic Carbon Flux to the Arctic Ocean Sea Floor. - 5.1 Introduction 5.2 What do we Know About Vertical Carbon Flux from the Arctic Ocean?. - 5.3 Case Studies. - 5.4 Regional Variability in POC Export Flux in the Arctic Ocean Determined Using 234Th as a Tracer. - 5.5 Particulate Organic Carbon Flux to the Sea floor of the Arctic Ocean: Quantity, Seasonality and Processes. - 5.6 Summary and Concluding Remarks. - 6 The Benthos of Arctic Seas and its Role for the Organic Carbon Cycle at the Seafloor. - 6.1 Introduction. - 6.2 Origin and Evolution of Arctic Habitats and Species. - 6.3 Food Supply of the Arctic Benthos: Sources and Pathways. - 6.4 Benthic Communities of the Arctic Seas. - 6.5 Organic Carbon Utilization by the Arctic Benthos. - 6.6 Summary and Concluding Remarks. - 7 Organic Carbon in Arctic Ocean Sediments: Sources, Variability, Burial, and Paleoenvironmental Significance. - 7.1 Organic Carbon in Arctic Ocean Sediments: A General Introduction. - 7.2 The Beaufort Sea: Distribution, Sources, Fluxes, and Burial Rates of Organic Carbon. - 7.3 The Continental Margin of the North Bering - Chukchi Sea: Distribution, Sources, Fluxes, and Burial Rates of Organic Carbon. - 7.4 The East Siberian Sea: Distribution, Sources, and Burial of Organic Carbon. - 7.5 The Laptev Sea: Distribution, Sources, Variability and Burial of Organic Carbon. - 7.6 The Kara Sea: Distribution, Sources, Variability and Burial of Organic Carbon. - 7.7 The Barents Sea: Distribution, Sources, Variability and Burial of Organic Carbon. - 7.8 Northern Fram Strait und Yermak Plateau: Distribution, Variability and Burial of Organic Carbon and Paleoenvironmental Implications. - 7.9 The Central Arctic Ocean: Distribution, Sources, Variability and Burial of Organic Carbon. - 8 Organic Carbon Budget: Arctic Ocean vs. Global Ocean. - 8.1 Introduction. - 8.2 Global Organic Carbon Fluxes: Sources and Sinks. - 8.3 Arctic Ocean Organic Carbon Fluxes: Sources and Sinks. - 8.4 Summary and Concluding Remarks. - 9 References.

Note: Contents: Processes in Freezing, Frozen and Thawing Ground: 1. Thermal-physical processes in freezing and thawing ground; 2. Water transfer and ice formation in soils; 3. Physical-chemical and mechanical processes in freezing and thawing ground; 4. Structure and texture of freezing and thawing soils; 5. Cryogenic geological processes and phenomena; Part II. Composition, Cryogenic Structure and Properties of Frozen Rocks: 6. Formation of sedimentary materials in the permafrost regions (cryolithogenesis); 7. Composition and structure of frozen earth materials; 8. Properties of frozen soils; 9. Characteristics of the basic genetic types of frozen ground; Part III. Formation and Development of the Frozen Strata and Layers of Seasonal Freezing and Thawing: 10. Thermodynamic and climatic conditions for formation of the frozen layers; 11. Seasonal freezing and thawing of ground; 12. Development of the temperature regime and the thickness of the permafrost; 13. Taliks and groundwater in the permafrost zone; Part IV. Regional Features and Evolution of Permafrost: 14. Permafrost evolution in the Earth's history; 15. Zonal and regional features of present-day geocryological conditions in the territories of the former USSR; 16. Principles and methods for regional geocryological investigations; Part V. Economic Development of the Permafrost Regions: 17. The effect of different types of development on the natural geocryological environment; 18. Ensuring the stability of engineering structures in the permafrost regions; 19. Engineering geology in support of design, construction and operation of structures in the permafrost regions.

Note: CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 1.1 Boundaries of the Arctic 1.2 Main Geographical Factors Shaping the Climate 2. Atmospheric Circulation 2.1 Development of Views on Atmospheric Circulation in the Arctic 2.2 Large-scale Atmospheric Circulation 2.3 Synoptic-scale Circulation 2.4 Winds 2.5 Local Circulation and Mesoscale Disturbances 3. Radiation Conditions 3.1 Sunshine Duration 3.2 Global Solar Radiation 3.3 Short-wave Net Radiation 3.4 Long-wave Net Radiation 3.5 Net Radiation and Other Elements of the Heat Balance 4. Air Temperature 4.1 Mean Monthly, Seasonal, and Annual Air Temperature 4.2 Mean and Absolute Extreme Air Temperatures 4.3 Temperature Inversions 5. Cloudiness 5.1 The Annual Cycle 5.2 Spatial Patterns 5.3 Fog 6. Air Humidity 6.1 Water Vapour Pressure 6.2 Relative Humidity 7. Atmospheric Precipitation and Snow Cover 7.1 Atmospheric Precipitation 7.2 Number of Days with Precipitation 7.3 Snow Cover 8. Air Pollution 9. Climatic Regions 9.1 The Atlantic Region 9.2 The Siberian Region 9.3 The Pacific Region 9.4 The Canadian Region 9.5 The Baffin Bay Region 9.6 The Greenland Region 9.7 The Interior Arctic Region 10. Climatic Change and Variability in the Holocene 10.1 Period 10-11 ka-l ka BP 10.2 Period 1 ka-O.l ka BP 10.3 Period 0.1 ka-Present 11. Scenarios of the Arctic Climate in the 21st Century 11.1 Model Simulations of the Present-day Arctic Climate 11.2 Scenarios of the Arctic Climate in the 21st Century References Copyright Acknowledgements Index

Note: Contents List of contributors Preface 1 Introduction 1.1 Polar lows and other mesoscale lows in the polar regions 1.2 A brief historical review 1.3 Definition 1.4 Nomenclature 1.5 Classification 1.6 Cloud signatures 2 Climatology 2.1 The Arctic 2.2 The Antarctic 3 Observational studies 3.1 The Arctic 3.2 The Antarctic 4 Theoretical investigations 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Baroclinic instability 4.3 Barotropic instability 4.4 Potential vorticity thinking 4.5 The role of thermal instability in polar low formation and maintenance 4.6 Further theoretical considerations 4.7 Summary and concluding remarks 5 Numerical Simulation 5.1 The Arctic 5.2 The Antarctic 6 Forecasting of polar lows 6.1 Aspects common to both polar regions 6.2 Aspects of forecasting specific to the Arctic 6.3 Aspects of forecasting specific to the Antarctic 6.4 Future work required to improve forecasts 7 Conclusions and future research needs 7.1 The spatial distribution of polar lows and other high latitude mesoscale vortices 7.2 Possible climatic effects of polar lows 7.3 Observational and modelling studies 7.4 Formation and development mechanisms 7.5 Forecasting of polar lows 7.6 Final thoughts References Index

Note: Contents Preface Part 1 Mathematical tools M 1 Algebra of vectors M 1.1 Basic concepts and definitions M 1.2 Reference frames M 1.3 Vector multiplication M 1.4 Reciprocal coordinate systems M 1.5 Vector representations M 1.6 Products of vectors in general coordinate systems M 1.7 Problems M 2 Vector functions M 2.1 Basic definitions and operations M 2.2 Special dyadics M 2.3 Principal-axis transformation of symmetric tensors M 2.4 Invariants of a dyadic M 2.5 Tensor algebra M 2.6 Problems M 3 Differential relations M 3.1 Differentiation of extensive functions M 3.2 The Hamilton operator in generalized coordinate systems M 3.3 The spatial derivative of the basis vectors M 3.4 Differential invariants in generalized coordinate systems M 3.5 Additional applications M 3.6 Problems M 4 Coordinate transformations M 4.1 Transformation relations of time-independent coordinate systems M 4.2 Transformation relations of time-dependent coordinate systems M 4.3 Problems M 5 The method of covariant differentiation M 5.1 Spatial differentiation of vectors and dyadics M 5.2 Time differentiation of vectors and dyadics M 5.3 The local dyadic of vP M 5.4 Problems M 6 Integral operations M 6.1 Curves, surfaces, and volumes in the general qi system M 6.2 Line integrals, surface integrals, and volume integrals M 6.3 Integral theorems M 6.4 Fluid lines, surfaces, and volumes M 6.5 Time differentiation of fluid integrals M 6.6 The general form of the budget equation M 6.7 Gauss' theorem and the Dirac delta function M 6.8 Solution of Poisson's differential equation M 6.9 Appendix: Remarks on Euclidian and Riemannian spaces M 6.10 Problems M 7 Introduction to the concepts of nonlinear dynamics M 7.1 One-dimensional flow M 7.2 Two-dimensional flow Part 2 Dynamics of the atmosphere 1 The laws of atmospheric motion 1.1 The equation of absolute motion 1.2 The energy budget in the absolute reference system 1.3 The geographical coordinate system 1.4 The equation of relative motion 1.5 The energy budget of the general relative system 1.6 The decomposition of the equation of motion 1.7 Problems 2 Scale analysis 2.1 An outline of the method 2.2 Practical formulation of the dimensionless flow numbers 2.3 Scale analysis of large-scale frictionless motion 2.4 The geostrophic wind and the Euier wind 2.5 The equation of motion on a tangential plane 2.6 Problems 3 The material and the local description of flow 3.1 The description of Lagrange 3.2 Lagrange's version of the continuity equation 3.3 An example of the use of Lagrangian coordinates 3.4 The local description of Euler 3.5 Transformation from the Eulerian to the Lagrangian system 3.6 Problems 4 Atmospheric flow fields 4.1 The velocity dyadic 4.2 The deformation of the continuum 4.3 Individual changes with time of geometric fluid configurations 4.4 Problems 5 The Navier-Stokes stress tensor 5.1 The general stress tensor 5.2 Equilibrium conditions in the stress field 5.3 Symmetry of the stress tensor 5.4 The frictional stress tensor and the deformation dyadic 5.5 Problems 6 The Helmholtz theorem 6.1 The three-dimensional Helmholtz theorem 6.2 The two-dimensional Helmholtz theorem 6.3 Problems 7 Kinematics of two-dimensional flow 7.1 Atmospheric flow fields 7.2 Two-dimensional streamlines and normals 7.3 Streamlines in a drifting coordinate system 7.4 Problems 8 Natural coordinates 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Differential definitions of the coordinate lines 8.3 Metric relationships 8.4 Blaton's equation 8.5 Individual and local time derivatives of the velocity 8.6 Differential invariants 8.7 The equation of motion for frictionless horizontal flow 8.8 The gradient wind relation 8.9 Problems 9 Boundary surfaces and boundary conditions 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Differential operations at discontinuity surfaces 9.3 Particle invariance at boundary surfaces, displacement velocities 9.4 The kinematic boundary-surface condition 9.5 The dynamic boundary-surface condition 9.6 The zeroth-order discontinuity surface 9.7 An example of a first-order discontinuity surface 9.8 Problems 10 Circulation and vorticity theorems 10.1 ErteFs form of the continuity equation 10.2 The baroclinic Weber transformation 10.3 The baroclinic Ertel-Rossby invariant 10.4 Circulation and vorticity theorems for frictionless baroclinic flow 10.5 Circulation and vorticity theorems for frictionless barotropic flow 10.6 Problems 11 Turbulent systems 11.1 Simple averages and fluctuations 11.2 Weighted averages and fluctuations 11.3 Averaging the individual time derivative and the budget operator 11.4 Integral means 11.5 Budget equations of the turbulent system 11.6 The energy budget of the turbulent system 11.7 Diagnostic and prognostic equations of turbulent systems 11.8 Production of entropy in the microturbulent system 11.9 Problems 12 An excursion into spectral turbulence theory 12.1 Fourier Representation of the continuity equation and the equation of motion 12.2 The budget equation for the amplitude of the kinetic energy 12.3 Isotropie conditions, the transition to the continuous wavenumber space 12.4 The Heisenberg spectrum 12.5 Relations for the Heisenberg exchange coefficient 12.6 A prognostic equation for the exchange coefficient 12.7 Concluding remarks on closure procedures 12.8 Problems 13 The atmospheric boundary layer 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Prandtl-layer theory 13.3 The Monin-Obukhov similarity theory of the neutral Prandtl layer 13.4 The Monin-Obukhov similarity theory of the diabatic Prandtl layer 13.5 Application of the Prandtl-layer theory in numerical prognostic models 13.6 The fluxes, the dissipation of energy, and the exchange coefficients 13.7 The interface condition at the earth's surface 13.8 The Ekman layer - the classical approach 13.9 The composite Ekman layer 13.10 Ekman pumping 13.11 Appendix A: Dimensional analysis 13.12 Appendix B: The mixing length 13.13 Problems 14 Wave motion in the atmosphere 14.1 The representation of waves 14.2 The group velocity 14.3 Perturbation theory 14.4 Pure sound waves 14.5 Sound waves and gravity waves 14.6 Lamb waves 14.7 Lee waves 14.8 Propagation of energy 14.9 External gravity waves 14.10 Internal gravity waves 14.11 Nonlinear waves in the atmosphere 14.12 Problems 15 The barotropic model 15.1 The basic assumptions of the barotropic model 15.2 The tinfiltered barotropic prediction model 15.3 The filtered barotropic model 15.4 Barotropic instability 15.5 The mechanism of barotropic development 15.6 Appendix 15.7 Problems 16 Rossby waves 16.1 One-and two-dimensional Rossby waves 16.2 Three-dimensional Rossby waves 16.3 Normal-mode considerations 16.4 Energy transport by Rossby waves 16.5 The influence of friction on the stationary Rossby wave 16.6 Barotropic equatorial waves 16.7 The principle of geostrophic adjustment 16.8 Appendix 16.9 Problems 17 Inertial and dynamic stability 17.1 Inertial motion in a horizontally homogeneous pressure field 17.2 Inertial motion in a homogeneous geostrophic wind field 17.3 Inertial motion in a geostrophic shear wind field 17.4 Derivation of the stability criteria in the geostrophic wind field 17.5 Sectorial stability and instability 17.6 Sectorial stability for normal atmospheric conditions 17.7 Sectorial stability and instability with permanent adaptation 17.8 Problems 18 The equation of motion in general coordinate systems 18.1 Introduction 18.2 The covariant equation of motion in general coordinate systems 18.3 The contravariant equation of motion in general 18.4 The equation of motion in orthogonal coordinate systems 18.5 Lagrange's equation of motion 18.6 Hamilton's equation of motion 18.7 Appendix 18.8 Problems 19 The geographical coordinate systems 19.1 The equation of motion 19.2 Application of Lagrange's equation of motion 19.3 The first metric simplification 19.4 The coordinate simplification 19.5 The continuity equation 19.6 Problems 20 The stereographic coordinate system 20.1 The stereographic projection 20.2 Metric forms in stereographic coordinates 20.

Note: Contents Volume 5 RADAR MST and ST Radars and Wind Profilers / R.F. Woodman Precipitation Radar / S.E. Yuter Synthetic Aperture Radar (Land Surface Applications) / R.K. Vincent RADIATION (SOLAR) / Q. Fu RADIATIVE TRANSFER Absorption and Thermal Emission / R. Goody, H. Hu Cloud-Radiative Processes / Q. Fu Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium / F.W. Taylor, M. Lopez-Puertas Scattering / M. Mishchenko, L. Travis, A. Lacis RADIOACTIVITY Cosmogenic Radionuclides / D. Lal RADIOSONDES / W.F. Dabberdt, R. Shellhorn, H. Cole, A. Paukkunen, J. Horhammer, V. Antikainen RAINBOWS (See OPTICS, ATMOSPHERIC: Optical Phenomena) REFLECTANCE AND ALBEDO, SURFACE / J.A. Coakley ROSSBY WAVES / P.B. Rhines SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING Aerosol Measurements / Y.J. Kaufman, D. Tanre Cloud Properties / P. Yang, B.A. Baum GPS Meteorology / S.B. Healy Precipitation / Guosheng Liu Surface Wind / W.T. Liu Temperature Soundings / A. Dudhia TOMS Ozone / R.S. Stolarski, R.D. McPeters Water Vapor / J.E. Harries Wind, Middle Atmosphere / P.B. Hays, W.R. Skinner SATELLITES Orbits / S.Q. Kidder Research (Atmospheric Science) / M.D. King, D.D. Herring SEA ICE / W.F. Weeks SEVERE STORMS / C.A. Doswell III SNOW (SURFACE) / M. Sturm SOLAR TERRESTRIAL INTERACTIONS / J.D. Haigh SOLAR WINDS / S.T. Suess, B.T. Tsurutani SOLITARY WAVES / J.P. Boyd SOOT / P. Chylek, S.G. Jennings, R. Pinnick SPECTRAL MODELS / F. Baer STANDARD ATMOSPHERE / W.W. Vaughan STATIC STABILITY / J.A. Young STATIONARY WAVES (OROGRAPHIC AND THERMALLY FORCED) / S. Nigam, E. De Weaver STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE Global Aspects / J.R. Holton Local Processes / J.F. Lamarque, P. Hess STRATOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND COMPOSITION Overview / J.A. Pyle Halogen Sources, Anthropogenic / A. McCulloch, P.M. Midgley Halogen Sources, Natural / J.H. Butler Halogens / D. Toohey HOx / T.F. Hanisco Hydrogen Budget / J.E. Harries Hydroxyl Radical / D.E. Heard Reactive Nitrogen (NOx and NOy) / Y. Kondo STRATOSPHERIC OZONE RECOVERY / D.J. Hofmann STRATOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR / J.E. Harries SURFACE LAYER MEASUREMENTS OF TURBULENCE / N.O. Jensen SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY Forecasting / D. Mansfield Weather Maps / R. Reynolds

Note: Zugl.: Potsdam, Univ., Diss., 2001

Note: Contents Foreword / Jim Rose Preface / Alan R. Gillespie, Stephen C. Porter and Brian F. Atwater The southern Laurentide Ice Sheet / David M. Mickelson and Patrick M. Colgan The Cordilleran Ice Sheet / Derek B. Booth, Kathy Goetz Troost, John J. Clague and Richard B. Waitt Controls, history, outbursts, and impact of large late-Quaternary proglacial lakes in North America / James T. Teller Pleistocene glaciations of the Rocky Mountains / Kenneth L. Pierce Quaternary alpine glaciation in Alaska, the Pacific Northwest, Sierra Nevada, and Hawaii / Darrell S. Kaufman, Stephen C. Porter and Alan R. Gillespie Coupling ice-sheet and climate models for simulation of former ice sheets / Shawn J. Marshall, David Pollard, Steven Hostetler and Peter U. Clark Permafrost process research in the United States since 1960 / Bernard Hallet, Jaakko Putkonen, Ronald S. Sletten and Noel Potter Jr. Quaternary sea-level history of the United States / Daniel R. Muhs, John F. Wehmiller, Kathleen R. Simmons, and Linda L. York Western lakes / Larry Benson Isotopic records from ground-water and cave speleothem calcite in North America / Jay Quade Rivers and riverine landscapes / David R. Montgomery and Ellen E. Wohl Landscape evolution models / Frank J. Pazzaglia Eolian sediments / Alan J. Busacca, James E. Beget, Helaine W. Markewich, Daniel R. Muhs, Nicholas Lancaster and Mark R. Sweeney Soils and the Quaternary climate system / Milan J. Pavich and Oliver A. Chadwick Earthquake recurrence inferred from paleoseismology / Brian F. Atwater, Martitia P. Tuttle, Eugene S. Schweig, Charles M. Rubin, David K. Yamaguchi and Eileen Hemphill-Haley Quaternary volcanism in the United States / William E. Scott Late-Quaternary vegetation history of the eastern United States / Eric C. Grimm and George L. Jacobson Jr. Quaternary vegetation and climate change in the western United States: Developments, perspectives, and prospects / Robert S. Thompson, Sarah L. Shafer, Laura E. Strickland, Peter K. Van de Water and Katherine H. Anderson Results and paleoclimate implications of 35 years of paleoecological research in Alaska / Patricia M. Anderson, Mary E. Edwards and Linda B. Brubaker Quaternary history from the U.S. tropics / Sara Hotchkiss Climatically forced vegetation dynamics in eastern North America during the late Quaternary Period / Thompson Webb III, Bryan Shuman and John W. Williams Holocene fire activity as a record of past environmental change / Cathy Whitlock and Patrick J. Bartlein Interannual to decadal climate and streamflow variability estimated from tree rings / David W. Stahle, Falko K. Fye and Matthew D. Therrell Quaternary Coleoptera of the United States and Canada / Allan C. Ashworth Vertebrate paleontology / S. David Webb, Russell W. Graham, Anthony D. Barnosky, Christopher J. Bell, Richard Franz, Elizabeth A. Hadly, Ernest L. Lundelius Jr., H. Gregory McDonald, Robert A. Martin, Holmes A. Semken Jr. and David W. Steadman Peopling of North America / David J. Meltzer Modeling paleoclimates / Patrick J. Bartlein and Steven W. Hostetle

Note: Teilw. zugl.:Potsdam, Univ., Inst.Geowiss., Diss., 2001

Note: Inhalt Vorwort III 1 Der Gegenstand der Geomorphologie: Die irdische Reliefsphäre und ihr Bildungsgang 1.1. Die Vorrangstellung der festländischen (subaerischen) Reliefsphäre. Die Hauptphasen ihrer Entwicklung 1.2 Die Reliefsphäre im Schalenbau der Erde 1.3 Die Stellung der Geomorphologie im System der Naturwissenschaften 1.4 Endogene Rohform und exogene Realform 1.5 Die Reliefsphäre als Haupt-Energie-Umsatzfläche der Erde 1.6 Die stabilen Elemente des Formungsmechanismus 1.6.1 Bodenwärme, Wasser und Eis im Boden 1.6.2 Lösung 1.6.3 Mechanische Verwitterung 1.6.4 Chemischer Zersatz und Umsatz 1.6.5 Pflanzenkleid, tierische Biosphäre 1.6.6 Bodenbildung 1.7 Die vier Begleitsphären der Reliefsphäre: Terrestrische Hydro- und Kryosphäre, Biosphäre, Pedosphäre und Dekompositionssphäre 1.8 Die mobilen Elemente des Formungsmechanismus 1.8.1 Breitendenudation und Hangabtragung 1.8.2 Flächenbildende Denudation 1.8.3 Linienerosion und Talbildung. Reifeform des Reliefs. Die Rolle von Klimaumbrüchen 1.8.4 Transportvorgänge 1.8.5 Durchgangsaufschüttung und Kleinkatastrophen 1.8.6 Defenitive oder Daueraufschüttung (Sedimentation) 1.9 Die klimabedingten Abwandlungen des heutigen Formungsmechanismus bilden die Klima-morphologischen Zonen der Gegenwart 2 Klimatische Geomorphologie 2.1 Sinn Klima-geomorphologischer Zonen 2.1.1 Geographische Inhaltsgrenzen 2.1.2 Der kleine Hügel bei Woronesch 2.1.3 Die Abgrenzung von Prozeßbereichen 2.1.4 Die Schwierigkeit genetischer Abgrenzung 2.1.5 Die Ungleichwertigkeit Klima-morphologischer Zonen 2.2 Die subpolare Zone exzessiver Talbildung (lebendes Periglazialgebiet) 2.2.1 Die Frostschuttzone Südost-Spitzbergens (Ergebnisse der Stauferland-Expedition) Problemstellung. Wahl des Arbeitsgebietes 2.2.2 Der präglaziale Formenschatz 2.2.3 Das würmzeitliche Inlandeis von Svalbard und seinem Umkreis 2.2.4 Günstige Versuchsanordnung der Natur für die Erfassung der im Holozän erzeugten Reliefzüge 2.2.5 Die holozänen Kryoturbationsvorgänge auf den Altflächen und Vorländern 2.2.6 Pedo- und Dekompositionsphäre im Dauerfrostbereich 2.2.7 Frostschuttzone und Moostundra 2.2.8 Die Bildung der Frostmusterböden 2.2.9 Traditionale Weiterbildung von Altflächen; keine Neubildung von Altflächen durch ,Kryoplanation' 2.2.10 Derfossile Auftauboden der postglazialen Wärmezeit 2.2.11 Die Eisrinde 2.2.12 Eiskeile, Eiskeilnetze und Pingos 2.2.13 Die Denudationsvorgänge am einteiligen Konvex-Konkavhang: Solifluktion und Abspülung, Runsenspülung, Hangzerschneidung, Zufuhrsolifluktion 2.2.14 Die holozäne Abtragungsleistung auf Konvex-Konkavhängen 2.2.15 Der dreiteilige Hang: Denudationsvorgänge und Abtragungsleistung 2.2.16 Die Lateralerosion der Flüsse 2.2.17 Der Eisrindeneffekt als Motor der Tiefenerosion 2.2.18 Das Maß der im Holozän erreichten Tiefenerosion, bestimmt durch exakte Reliefanalyse 2.2.19 Die Rolle der fossilen exzessiven Talbildung in den Mittelbreiten 2.2.20 Ausblick auf die rezente Tundrenzone 2.2.21 Die Taiga-Talbildungszone 2.2.22 Die Hauptprägestöcke holozäner Reliefgestaltung 2.3 Die randtropische Zone exzessiver Flächenbildung 2.3.1 Die Rolle der tropischen Reliefbildung für die Gesamterde 2.3.2 Die Bildung von Rumpfflächen (planation surfaces, erosional plains) durch den Mechanismus der doppelten Einebnung 2.3.2.1 Die Verwitterungs-Basisfläche. Grundhöcker und Grundblöcke. Dekompositionssphäre 2.3.2.2 Die Pedosphäre im feuchttropischen Tiefland 2.3.2.3 Die Spüloberfläche 2.3.3 Das Gesamtbild lebender Rumpfflächen 2.3.3.1 Inselberge, Inselgebirge, Flächenpässe, Spülsockel, Randsenken 2.3.3.2 Die Regel der divergierenden Abtragung ' 2.3.3.3 Dreiecksbuchten (Flächenspitzen) und intramontane Ebenen (Flächeninseln) 2.3.4 Rumpfstufen und Schichtstufen. Rumpftreppen 2.3.5 Alter und Alterung von Rumpfflächen. Spültäler 2.3.6 Das tropische Rückenrelief 2.3.7 Das tropische Gebirgsrelief 2.3.8 Wandlungen des tropischen Gebirgsreliefs nach Klimawechsel 2.3.9 Erhaltung und traditionale Weiterbildung von Rumpfflächen. Genetische, Aktive und Dynamische Geomorphologie 2.3.10 Transformierung von Rumpfflächen 2.3.11 Fossile Rumpfflächen als Zeugen fossilen feuchttropischen Klimas 2.4 Die innertropische Zone partieller Flächenbildung 2.4.1 Reliefvergleich zwischen wechselfeuchten und immerfeuchten Tropen 2.4.2 Bodenbildung und Regenwald in den immerfeuchten Tropen 2.4.3 Flußarbeit, Subrosion und partielle Flächenbildung mit Bodenkarst und Bodenzertalung in den immerfeuchten Tropen 2.4.4 Tiefgreifende Karstlösung in den immerfeuchten Tropen 2.5 Warme Trockenzone der Flächenerhaltung und traditionalen Weiterbildung (vorweg durch Sandschwemmebenen) 2.5.1 Der Saharisch-Arabische Trockenraum 2.5.1.1 Das Flächenrelief der Sahara zwischen Anti-Atlas und Hoggar-Gebirge. Mergelsand-Fazies. Sandschwemmebene im ganzen 2.5.1.2 Einzelbild der Sandschwemmebene und anderer rezenter Oberflächentypen als weitere Zeugen traditionaler Weiterbildung 2.5.1.3 Die Reliefgenerationen des Hoggar-Gebirges 2.5.1.4 Die Höhenstufen des Hochlandes von Tibesti 2.5.2 Der inneraustralische Trockenraum 2.5.2.1 Rumpfflächen, Bodenbildung 2.5.2.2 Inselberge, Hangverwitterung 2.5.2.3 Flußarbeit und Talentwicklung 2.5.2.4 Intramontane Becken 2.5.2.5 Gesamtrelief 2.6 Winterharte Trockenzone der Flächenüberprägung (Transformation) vorweg durch Pedimente und Glacis 3 Klima-genetische Geomorphologie 3.1 Die Erforschung der Reliefgenerationen als eine Kernfrage der Geomorphologie 3.2 Rolle der älteren Reliefgenerationen in den einzelnen Klima-morphologischen Zonen 3.3 Ektropische Zone retardierter Talbildung 3.3.1 Reliefgenerationen im außeralpinen Mitteleuropa 3.3.1.1 Erzgebirge, Leipziger Bucht, Harz 3.3.1.2 Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, Wetterau, Vogelsberg, Rhön 3.3.1.3 Oberrheinebene, Schwarzwald, Neckarschwaben, Schwabenalb 3.3.1.4 W-E-Profil durch Franken (Spessart bis Frankenwald) 3.3.1.5 Reliefgenerationen der Frankenalb 3.3.1.6 Ostsudeten und Mühlviertel 3.3.1.7 Form und Alter der Dellen, gezeigt am Neukirchener Feld 3.3.1.8 Dellen und Klingen: allgemein klimabedingte und lokale Rückschneidungs-Erosion 3.3.2 Reliefgenerationen der Alpen 3.3.2.1 Grundfragen der Eiszeitwirkung in den Alpen und in Skandinavien 3.3.2.2 Der Klima- und Vereisungsgang der Würm-Kaltzeit. Die Stellung des Hochglazials 3.3.2.3 Die Reliefgenerationen der Hohen Tauern und der nördlichen Kalkalpen 3.3.2.4 Die Reliefgenerationen am Alpen-Ostrand 3.4 Subtropische Zone gemischter Reliefbildung 3.4.1 Allgemeinzüge des etesischen Bereichs 3.4.2 Die Reliefgenerationen in der Zone gemischter Reliefbildung 3.4.3 Rumpftreppe und Poljen in Mittel-Dalmatien 3.4.4 Mediterrane Flußtätigkeit seit der Frühantike (Aufbau und Verschüttung Olympias) Nachwort und Folgerungen Literatur Orts- und Sachregister

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., FB Phys/Elektrotech., Diss., 2003

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., FB 2 Biol./Chemie, Diss., 2003

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Vorwort. - 1. Zielsetzung und Ablauf der Heidelberg-Ellesmere Island-Expedition 1978 / D. Barsch und L. King. - 2. Das Borup-Fjord-Gebiet in N-Ellesmere Island, N. W. T., Kanada: Entdeckung und Begehung des Gebietes, vorhandene Karten und offizielle Namen / L. King. - 3. Geodätische und photogrammetrische Arbeiten an der Oobloyah Bay, N-Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Kanada, im Rahmen der "Heidelberg-Ellesmere-Island-Expedition 1978" / G. Hell. - 4. Geologie, Tektonik und strukturelle Verzeichnung der geomorphologischen Großformen im Expeditionsgebiet Oobloyah Bay - Neil Peninsula, N-Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Kanada / H. R. Völk. - 5. Witterungsverlauf im Oobloyah-Tal, N-Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Kanada, vom 24. Juni bis zum 4. August 1978, ein statistischer Wertevergleich / W. A. Flügel. - 6. Das Sommerklima von N-Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Kanada - eine Beurteilung von Stationswerten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Sommers 1978 / L. King. - 7. Zur Geomorphologie des Expeditionsgebietes Oobloyah Bay, N-Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Kanada / D. Barsch. - 8. Studien zur gegenwärtigen Geomorphodynamik im Bereich der Oobloyah Bay, N-Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Kanada / D. Barsch. - 9. Terassen, Flußarbeit und das Modell der exzessiven Talbildungszone im Expeditionsgebiet Oobloyah Bay, N-Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Kanada / D. Barsch. - 10. Die Gletscher im Einzugsgebiet des Borup-Fjord, N-Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Kanada / L. King. - 11. Gletschergeschichtliche Arbeiten im Gebiet zwischen Oobloyah Bay und Esayoo Bay, N-Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Kanada / L. King. - 12. Glaziologische Beobachtungen an der Stirn des Weber-Gletschers, Borup-Fjord-Gebiet, N-Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Kanada / D. Barsch, L. King und R. Mäusbacher. - 13. Jungquartäre Delta- und Flußentwicklung im glazialisostatischen Hebungsraum der Oobloyah Bay auf N-Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Kanada / H. R. Völk. - 14. Hydrologische Studien zum Wasserhaushalt hocharktischer Einzugsgebiete im Bereich des Oobloyah-Tals, N-Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Kanada / W. A. Flügel. - 15. Hydrochemische Untersuchungen von Niederschlägen, Bodenwasser, Seen und Flüssen im Oobloyah-Tal, N-Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Kanada / W. A. Flügel. - 16. Geomorphologische Kartierung im Oobloyah-Tal, N-Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Kanada / R. Mäusbacher. - 17. Gesteinstemperaturen und Insolationsverwitterung im hocharktischen Bereich, Oobloyah Bay, N-Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Kanada / H. Eichler. - 18. Kleinformen der hocharktischen Verwitterung im Bereich der Oobloyah Bay, N-Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Kanada - Formengenese und Prozesse / H. Eichler. - 19. Oberflächennahe Bodentemperaturmessungen in Oobloyah Bay, N-Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Kanada / R. Mäusbacher. - 20. Recent iron ore deposition and heavy metal accumulation in Access Lake, Oobloyah Valley, northern Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Canada / D. Barsch und G. Müller. - 21. Die Meereisentwicklung im Inneren des östlichen kanadischen Arktisarchipels und ihre Bedeutung für die Arbeiten der Heidelberg-Ellesmere Island-Expedition an der Oobloyah Bay, N-Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Kanada / L. King. - 22. Gefäßpflanzen von Oobloyah Bay, N-Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Kanada; eine kommentierte Pflanzenliste und phänologische Beobachtungen / R. Mäusbacher. - 23. The mosses of peat mounds, Oobloyah Bay, northern Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Canada / L. King. - 24. Beobachtungen zu organischen Kleinformen im Oobloyah Tal, N-Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Kanada / W. A. Flügel und R. Mäusbacher. - 25. Faunal notes of the Heidelberg Ellesmere Island Expedition 1978, Oobloyah Bay, northern Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Canada / D. Barsch und L. King. - Anlage 1: Orthophotokarte 〈1 : 25 000〉 Oobloyah Bay. - Anlage 2: Geomorphologische Karte 〈1 : 25 000〉 Oobloyah Bay. - Anlage 3: Radiocarbondaten. - Anlage 4: Planung, Einkauf und Lagerung der Nahrungsmittel. , Beiträge teilweise in deutsch, teilweise in englisch

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Contents: Contributing Authors. - SECTION 1. HISTORY OF RESEARCH OF POLAR SOIL. - The History of Research of Polar Soil: Introduction / S. V. Goryachkin. - Chapter 1. Soil Research in Arctic Alaska, Greenland, and Antarctica / J.C.F. Tedrow. - Chapter 2. The History of Research of Eurasian Cryosols / S.V. Goryachkin, N.A. Karavaeva, and O.V. Makeev. - Chapter 3. Northern Soil Research in Canada / C. Tarnocai. - SECTION 2. THE GEOGRAPHY OF CRYOSOLS. - The Geography of Cryosols: Introduction / C.A. Scott Smith and S.V. Goryachkin. - Chapter 1. Similarities and Differences in Arctic and Antarctic Soil Zones / S. V. Goryachkin, H.P. Blume, L. Beyer, I. Campbell, G. Claridge, J. G. Bockheim, N.A. Karavaeva, V. Targulian, and C. Tarnocai. - Chapter 2. Cryosols in Alaska / C.-L. Ping, M. H. Clark, and D. K. Swanson. - Chapter 3. Cryosols of Arctic Canada / C. Tarnocai. - Chapter 4. Cryosols of the Boreal, Subarctic, and Western Cordillera Regions of Canada / C. A. S. Smith and H. Veldhuis. - Chapter 5. Cryosols in the Russian Arctic Archipelagos / S. V. Goryachkin and N. A. Karavaeva. - Chapter 6. Soils and Soil Cover of Northeastern Eurasia / Ye. M. Naumov. - Chapter 7. Cryosols of the Russian European North / S. V. Goryachkin and I. V. Ignatenko. - Chapter 8. Cryosols of Western Siberia / N. Karavaeva. - Chapter 9. Cryosols of the Mountains of Southern Siberia and Far Eastern Russia / R. G. Gracheva. - Chapter 10. Geography and Ecology of Cryogenic Soils of Mongolia / S. V. Maximovich. - Chapter 11. The Periglacial Environment and Distribution of Cryosols in China / C.-L. Ping, G. Qiu, and L.Zhao. - Chapter 12. Cryosols of the Arid Antarctic / I. B. Campbell and G. G. C. Claridge. - Chapter 13. The Soil Cover of Central Siberia / I. A. Sokolov, T. V. Ananko, and D. Ye. Konyushkov. - SECTION 3. PROPERTIES AND PROCESSES OF CRYOSOLS. - Properties and Processes of Cryosols: Introduction / B. Van Vliet-Lanoë. - Chapter 1. Physico-Chemical Processes in Cryogenic Soils / V. Ostroumov. - Chapter 2. Micromorphology of Cryosols / B. Van Vliet-Lanoë, C. A. Fox, and S. V. Gubin. - Chapter 3. The Thermal Regime of Cryosols / C. R. Burn. - Chapter 4. Cryosols in the Extremely Arid Transantarctic Mountains Region of Antarctica / I. B. Campbell and G. G. C. Claridge. - Chapter 5. Mineralogy and Weathering of Antarctic Cryosols / H.-P. Blume, J. Chen, E. Kalk, and D. Kuhn. - Chapter 6. Weathering Processes in Arid Cryosols / G. G. C. Claridge and I. B. Campbell. - SECTION 4. ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF CRYOSOLS. - Ecological Processes of Cryosols: Introduction / L. Beyer. - Chapter 1. Organic Matter and Bioactivity in Cryosols of Arctic Alaska / G. J. Michaelson, X.Y. Dai, and C.-L Ping. - Chapter 2. The Biological Cycle in Terrestrial Polar Ecosystems and its Influence on Soil Formation / D. G. Zamolodchikov and D. G. Fedorov-Davydov. - Chapter 3. Soil Organic Matter Storage in Cold Soils of CoastalEastern Antarctica (Casey Station, Wilkes Land) / L. Beyer, K. Pingpank, M. Bölter, and R. D. Seppelt. - Chapter 4. Composition and Transformation of Soil Organic Matter in Cryosols and Gelic Histosols in Coastal Eastern Antarctica (Casey Station, Wilkes Land) / L. Beyer, D. M. White, K. Pingpank, and M. Bolter. - Chapter 5. Microorganisms and Microbial Processes in Antarctic Soils / M. Bolter and E. Kandeler. - Chapter 6. The Biology of Arid Cryosols / G. G. C. Claridge and I. B. Campbell. - Chapter 7. Biodiversity, primary productivity, and the seasonal dynamic of soil processes in Taimyr soil-permafrost complexes / V. D. Vassiljevskaja, B. Pospelova, and V. Telesnina. - SECTION 5. CLASSIFICATION OF CRYOSOLS. - Classification of Cryosols: Introduction / G. Broil and D. Ye. Konyushkov. - Chapter 1. Classification of Cryosols in Canada / C. Tarnocai. - Chapter 2. Classification of Cryosols in Russia / G. Mazhitova. - Chapter 3. The Gelisol Order in Soil Taxonomy / R. J. Ahrens, J. G. Bockheim, and C-L. Ping. - Chapter 4. Classification of Permafrost-Affected Soils in the WRB / C. Tarnocai, G. Broil, and H.-P. Blume. - SECTION 6. MANAGEMENT AND USE OF CRYOSOLS. - Management and Use of Cryosols: Introduction / I. B.Campbell. - Chapter 1. Agricultural Use of Tundra Soils in the Vorkuta Area, Northeast European Russia / I. A. Archegova, N. Kotelina, and G. Mazhitova. - Chapter 2. Disposal of Mine Tailings in Continuous Permafrost Areas:Environmental Aspects and Future Control Strategies / B. Elberling. - Chapter 3. Environmental Impacts and Recovery from Human Activities on Cryosols of the Transantarctic Mountains / I. B. Campbell and G. G. C. Claridge. - Chapter 4. Soil Properties and Relationships in Cryosols of theRegion of the Transantarctic Mountains in Antarctica / I. B. Campbell and G. G. C. Claridge

Note: Contents: Preface. - Preface to the First Edition. - 1. Frozen Ground. - 1.1 Frozen Ground Support Systems. - 1.2 Seasonally and Perennially Frozen Ground. - 1.3 Terrain Features in Permafrost Areas. - 1.4 Engineering Considerations. - Problems. - 2. Physical and Thermal Properties. - 2.1 Composition and Structure of Frozen Ground. - 2.2 Soil Classification. - 2.3 Water-Ice Phase Relationships. - 2.4 Soil Frost Action. - 2.5 Thermal Properties. - Problems. - 3. Heat Flow in Soils. - 3.1 Heat Transfer at the Ground Surface. - 3.2 Seasonal Ground Freezing (or Thawing). - 3.3 Frost Protection and Thermal Insulation. - 3.4 Temperature Below Cooled (or Heated) Areas. - 3.5 Thermal Analysis: Frozen Ground Support Systems. - Problems. - 4. Thaw Behavior of Frozen Ground. - 4.1 Thaw Settlement. - 4.2 Consolidation of Thawing Soils. - 4.3 Thaw Consolidation in Some Layered Systems. - Problems. - 5. Mechanical Properties of Frozen Soils. - 5.1 Stress-Strain-Time and Strength Behavior. - 5.2 Factors Influencing Creep and Strength. - 5.3 Analytical Representation of Creep and Strength Data. - 5.4 Frozen Soil Behavior in Uniaxial Tension. - 5.5 Deformability of Frozen Soils. - 5.6 Compressibility of Frozen Soils. - 5.7 Frozen Ground sensitivity to Climate Change. - 5.8 Frozen Soil Creep and Strength: Generalization of Test Data. - Problems. - 6. Construction Ground Freezing. - 6.1 Design Considerations. - 6.2 Freezing Methods and System Installation. - 6.3 Structural Design of Frozen Earth Walls. - 6.4 Monitoring Requirements. - 6.5 Other Construction Considerations. - Problems. - 7. Foundations in Frozen Soils. - 7.1 General Considerations. - 7.2 Shallow Foundations. - 7.3 Pile Foundations. - 7.4 Frost Heave Forces on Foundations. - 7.5 Frost Protection of Foundations Using Ground Insulation. - Problems. - 8. Stability of Soil Masses in Cold Regions. - 8.1 Landslides in Permafrost: Classification. - 8.2 Slopes in Thawing Permafrost. - 8.3 Slopes in Frozen Soils. - 8.4 Monitoring Creep in Frozen Slopes. - 8.5 Slope Stabilization Methods. - Problems. - 9. Earthwork in Cold Regions. - 9.1 Site Considerations. - 9.2 Excavation and Transport. - 9.3 Field Placement. - 9.4 Water-Retaining Embankments on Permafrost. - 9.5 Embankment Performance. - 10. Field Investigations. - 10.1 Sampling Frozen Ground. - 10.2 Ground-Temperature Measurement. - 10.3 Field Testing of Frozen Soils. - 10.4 Geophysical Methods. - 11. Pavement Structures. - 11.1 Seasonal Frost Areas. - 11.2 Permafrost Areas. - 11.3 Highway Insulation. - 11.4 Load Restrictions. - 11.5 Special Problems. - Problems. - Appendix A. Notation. - Symbols. - Greek Symbols. - Subscripts. - Appendix B. SI Units. - SI Base Units. - SI Prefixes. - SI Derived Units. - Conversion Factors. - Appendix C. Laboratory and Field Tests on Frozen Soils. - C.1 Handling, Storage, and Machining of Specimens Prior to Testing. - C.2 Uniaxial Compression Test. - C.3 Uniaxial Tensile Test. - C.4 Salinity of Soil Pore Water. - C.5 Thermosiphon. - C.6 Pile Load Test in Permafrost. - C.7 Hydraulic Conductivity of Frozen Soils. - References. - Author Index. - Subject Index.

Note: Contents: List of contributors. - 1. Lakes, limnology and limnetic ecology: towards a new synthesis. - 2. The origin of lake basins. - 3. The hydrology of lakes. - 4. Chemical processes regulating the composition of lake waters. - 5. Physical properties of water relevant to limnology and limnetic ecology. - 6. The motion of lake waters. - 7. Regulatory impacts of humic substances in lakes. - 8. Sedimentation and lake sediment formation. - 9. Organisation and energetic partitioning of limnetic communities. - 10. Phytoplankton. - 11 Aquatic plants and lake ecosystems. - 12. Benthic invertebrates. - 13. Pelagic microbes - protozoa and the microbial food web. - 14. Zooplankton. - 15. Fish population ecology. - 16. Fish community ecology. - 17. Self-regulation of limnetic ecosystems. - 18. Palaeolimnology. - Index.

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 2003

Note: Zugl.: Kiel, Univ., Diss., 2003