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  • Books  (328)
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  • Online Books  (328)
  • Paris : IEA Publications  (154)
  • Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser  (110)
  • Amsterdam ; Boston : Elsevier  (64)
  • Berlin : ZIB
  • Wabern : Federal Office of Topography, Swiss Geological Survey
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  • Books  (328)
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  • 1
    Unknown
    Fractals and Dynamic Systems in Geoscience (2016)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: dynamic systems ; fractals
    Description / Table of Contents: Chaotic dynamic systems and non-linear processes, together with the resulting fractals and multifractals, are fundamental for analyzing data and understanding processes in the Earth and Environmental Sciences. Many processes and phenomena, poorly recognized only a few years ago, now can be studied and understood with the help of conceptual models from the fields of fractals and dynamics systems. This represents a bold step towards understanding how planet Earth works. The twenty-one papers presented in this volume reflect the state of fundamental and applied research on fractals and dynamic systems in Geoscience, from magma dynamics to geomorphology, from seismology to space science. The volume is of interest to scientists using fractals, multifractals, non-linear dynamics and chaos theory for analyzing complex datasets, as those arising from geological and geophysical processes. Postgraduate students and students in various fields of geoscience as well as physics and applied mathematics will also find the book to be a valuable resource for a clear view of the leading-edge research on fractals and dynamic systems in Geoscience.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 302 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034809351
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/172/7/
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Multihazard Simulation and Cyberinfrastructure (2016)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: multihazard simulations ; Tsunami
    Description / Table of Contents: This issue contains 16 papers, presenting work on tsunami hazards, earthquakes, and related computational infrastructure. The integration of multihazard simulations and remotely sensed observations is providing enormous benefits to earthquake and tsunami research. Earthquakes cause damage, but also generate tsunamis, which create additional damage. Remotely sensed observations coupled with geologic field measurements and simulations contribute to our understanding of earthquake processes, which is necessary for mitigating loss of life and property from these damaging events. This book focuses on assimilation of remotely sensed observations to advance multihazards simulation. This capability provides a powerful virtual laboratory to probe earthquake behavior and the earthquake cycle. Hence, it offers a new opportunity to gain understanding of the earthquake nucleation process, precursory phenomena, and space-time seismicity patterns needed for breakthrough advances in earthquake forecasting and hazard quantification.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 250 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034809443
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/172/8/
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Tsunami Science: Ten years after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami : Volume II (2016)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: Tsunami ; Indian Ocean
    Description / Table of Contents: Ten years ago, on December 26, 2004, one of the world’s most destructive natural disasters occurred. A magnitude Mw 9.1 earthquake (third strongest ever instrumentally recorded) generated a global tsunami that killed about 230,000 people along the coasts of 14 countries in the Indian Ocean and propagated as far as the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. Since then, various countries from around the globe contributed major funding to tsunami research and mitigation, enabling the installation of hundreds of new high-precision instruments, the development of new technology and the establishment of more modern communication systems. As a result, incredible progress has been achieved in tsunami research and operation during the ten years after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The papers presented in this second of two special volumes of Pure and Applied Geophysics reflect the state of tsunami science during this time, including two papers devoted to global observations. Five papers provide new findings specifically in the Indian Ocean. Eight papers cover Pacific Ocean studies, focusing mainly on the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami. Remaining papers in the volume describe studies in the Atlantic and Mediterranean and general tsunami source studies. The volume is of interest to scientists and practitioners involved in all aspects of tsunamis from earthquake source processes to transoceanic wave propagation and coastal impacts. Postgraduate students in geophysics, oceanography and coastal engineering – as well as students in the broader geosciences, civil and environmental engineering – will also find the book to be a valuable resource, as it combines recent case studies with advances in tsunami science and natural hazards mitigation.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 406 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034809597
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/172/12/
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Current Challenges in Statistical Seismology (2016)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: seismology ; statistics
    Description / Table of Contents: This special issue emerged following the 2013 8th International Statistical Seismology (StatSei8) workshop in Beijing. The articles within have been collected to report on exciting new research in statistical seismology methods and applications; it contains a collection of the newest methods, techniques and results related to statistical analysis of earthquake occurrence and earthquake probability forecasting. The articles within ultimately help to define future research directions in the field. Especially, the rapid development of observation technologies has brought geophysical research into the big-data era. This includes not only non-seismicity geophysical data, such as GPS observation on surface displacement, InSAR observation of the co-seismic deformation, ionospheric observations, etc., but also extended seismological data including slow earthquakes, tremor, and VLF earthquakes. The subject of statistical seismology bridges the gap between physical and statistical models. Many significant achievements have been accomplished during the last several decades, including formulation of conditional intensity models for quantifying seismicity rates, earthquake probability forecasts, and theories related to rigorous testing of forecast models.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 322 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783319289663
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/173/1/
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Earthquake Early Warning System : Applications to the Ibero-Maghrebian Region (2016)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake ; early warning ; EEWS
    Description / Table of Contents: The present topical volume presents a collection of contributions from a workshop that took place in Madrid in February 2014. Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS) are a rather recent development in seismology that allows issue warnings to a site with a short lead-time about the impending arrival of the largest strong ground motion from an earthquake, after the first wave arrivals have been detected nearer to the source by adequate sensors. The Ibero-Mahgrebian region, containing Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, is subject to the occurrence of large earthquakes that may be followed by large tsunamis, as was the case of the Lisbon earthquake of 1755.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 148 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034809412
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/172/9/
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Current Topics on Deformation Monitoring and Modelling, Geodynamics and Natural Hazards (2016)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: modelling ; modeling ; geodynamics ; natural hazards
    Description / Table of Contents: Geodynamic and natural hazards processes produce among other effects deformation and gravity changes which can be measured, using space and ground-based techniques. It is widely recognized that obtaining high temporal rate and high spatial resolution data over wide areas could enhance our mapping capability of such hazardous processes. However, it is also necessary to develop new mathematical (analytical and/or numerical) models and methods for a correct interpretation and, eventually forecast. This book is dedicated to the description of theoretical models, inversion techniques and their application to observational geodetic and geophysical data sets in active geodynamic areas and affected by natural hazards. This book compiles part of the papers presented at the 15th Annual conference of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences held in Madrid, Spain during September 2-6, 2013. This conference had the special topic of “Mathematics of the Planet Earth” emphasizing the recent importance of modelling in our understanding of Geoscience problems. In this regard, the session XIII “Deformation modelling, Geodynamics and Natural Hazards” served to discuss modelling and observational works of structural and deformation processes (e.g., geodesy, seismology) relevant to the study of Geodynamics and Natural Hazards.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 306 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034809566
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/172/11/
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Mathematics and Geosciences: Global and Local Perspectives, Volume II (2016)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: geosciences ; mathematics
    Description / Table of Contents: This is the second volume of the topical issue “Mathematics and Geosciences: Global and Local Perspectives” which embraces 21 papers on different topics relating to Mathematics and Geosciences. They address different topics under both global and local perspectives, such as a method for calculating probabilities for large events in systems such as earthquakes, typhoons, etc.; the use of the Laplace–Fourier-domain full waveform inversion technique to deep-sea seismic data; discrete element modeling; step-edge detection filters, study of a transition zone of the Narmada-Son lineament; integral formulae for recovering the sub-crustal stress from terrestrial gravimetric data; numerical simulations of earthquake fault systems and their use to estimate gravity changes; application of Gaussian clustering to joint interpretation of seismic and magnetotelluric data; on the reliability and fidelity of archaeomagnetic and volcanic records to recover the past evolution of the Earth’s magnetic field; the study, for the first time, of variations in absolute surface geostrophic currents (SGC) using satellite data only; discussion of the inconsistency of IAU2000 non-rigid earth nutation model; the study of nonlinear anisotropic diffusive filtering applied to the ocean´s MDT; the numerical solution of a nonhydrostatic ocean model; Hydrological-Hydraulic models; Steiner rearrangement of a function to study the effectiveness of chemical reactors for the treatment of wastewaters; GNSS software; the study of the fractal dimensions for the identification of bedrock lithology; the study of the Uruk archaeological site (southern Iraq) by integrated geophysical methods; mathematical model for patchy landscapes; study of pore space soil structure; and the results of comparison between transverse electric-type fields and between transverse magnetic and transverse electromagnetic fields. As the previous one, volume II addresses the interest of scientists of many of the branches in Earth Sciences as well as postgraduate students, covering both approaches, applied and theoretical ones, to solve many different problems in Geosciences with the help of mathematical models and methods.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 330 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783319327044
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/173/3/
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Properties and Processes of Crustal Fault Zones : Volume II (2015)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: fault zone ; earthquake processes
    Description / Table of Contents: Recent theoretical developments, acquisitions of large seismic and other data sets, detailed geological studies and novel laboratory experiments offer new opportunities for advancing the understanding of fault zone and earthquake processes. The present and a previous volume provide broad state-of-the-art perspectives on earthquakes and crustal fault zones. Subjects discussed in this volume include imaging of fault zones and the crust, microstructural analyses of fault zone rocks, long paleoseismic record, inferences on stress, stress drops and fault geometries, properties of dynamic ruptures, generation and healing of rock damage, temporal changes of attenuation, postseismic deformation and scaling of earthquake source properties. The volume will be useful to students and professional researchers from Earth Sciences, Material Sciences, Physics and other disciplines, who are interested in properties and processes of earthquakes and faults.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 379 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034809238
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/172/5/
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Mathematics and Geosciences: Global and Local Perspectives, Volume I (2015)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: geosciences ; mathematics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mathematical models and methods are required for diverse studies in Geosciences and simultaneously, new problems are posing new needs where Mathematics is needed. At the initiative of American and Canadian research mathematical institutes and societies, year 2013 was declared a thematic year in Mathematics and the Planet Earth, under the patronage of UNESCO. To mark the MPE2013, and highlight the two-way street between Mathematics and Earth Sciences, the workshop “Mathematics and Geosciences: Global and Local Perspectives” was hold in Madrid at ICMAT from 4-8 November, 2013. This is the first volume of the Topical Issue on “Mathematics and Geosciences: Global and Local Perspectives” and contains 13 papers, most of which were presented at the congress. They address different topics under both global and local perspectives such as the percolation theory to observe micro seismicity in fracking, fractional differential analysis to model complex dynamics, climate change, earthquake statistics, earth rotation, geomagnetic field, fire models, Mars exploration, numerical methods in meteorology and environmental conservation, probabilistic models in study of soils and fluid mechanics. This volume addresses the interest of scientists of many of the branches in Earth Sciences as well as postgraduate students, covering both approaches, applied and theoretical ones, to solve different problems in Geosciences with the help of mathematical models and methods.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 198 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034809290
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/172/1/
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Earthquake Source Physics on Various Scales (2015)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: seismology ; earthquake
    Description / Table of Contents: Earthquake rupture is a process of remarkable complexity. Over the past few decades, scientists have become aware of its high variability on all scales as well as its wide dynamic range. At the same time, a thorough understanding of the seismic source process is a key element of reliable earthquake ground motion prediction. The present book contains a comprehensive collection of contributions originating from the 2012 ECGS Workshop Earthquake Source Physics on Various Scales, held in Luxembourg. The seventeen articles in this volume cover theoretical and observational aspects of the earthquake source process, ranging from tiny, laboratory-generated M -6 events to the source complexity and radiated energy of the world’s greatest earthquakes. Among other aspects, the papers provide new insights into the relationship of earthquake recurrence time with fault frictional parameters, how the results of lab-based friction experiments relate to observational source studies, and how geometrical source complexity can be quantified. In particular, several papers are devoted to the question whether small and large earthquakes scale self-similarly or if they show differences in their dynamic source characteristics, which is one of the most hotly debated aspects of modern seismology. The volume provides an integrated view of the current state-of-the-art knowledge on the earthquake source process on all scales and will be useful to students and professional researchers who are interested in these phenomena.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 330 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034808675
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/171/10/
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Satellite Technologies in Geoinformation Science (2015)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: airbone and satellite technologies ; geoinformation methods ; object-based image analysis ; remote sensing or observational platforms ; spatial interpolation and modelling ; statistical and geostatistical inference
    Description / Table of Contents: This topical volume covers a wide range of multidisciplinary topics, the common theme of which is processing of remotely-acquired spatial data using geo information methods. Satellite or airborne technologies and geo information itself provide powerful tools for solving numerous scientific problems in the geosciences, as they utilize geophysical principles and offer geophysicists new data and methods. Accordingly, this topical volume focuses on six key topics, presenting research applications of satellite or airborne technologies in geodynamics, geomorphology, meteorology and climatology, hydrology and limnology, oceanography and cartography. These applications make use of numerous remote sensing or observational platforms, including: Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS), Rapid Eye, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), Landsat-7, Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR), Doppler Orbitography and Radio positioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS), as well as several altimetric and gravimetric satellite missions. The remotely-sensed data are processed using various geo information techniques, e.g. spatial interpolation and modeling, object-based image analysis, statistical and geo statistical inference and visualization. The volume addresses the interests of scientists and practitioners whose work is related to processing remote sensing data using geoinformation methods. Postgraduate students of geography, geodesy, cartography and geophysics – as well as students of the broader geosciences – will also find the book to be a valuable resource, as it brings together numerous satellite and airborne technologies with geospatial processing methods, presents case studies and examines most applications in the context of basic geophysical principles.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (309 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034808491
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/171/6/
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Tsunami Science: Ten years after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami : Volume I (2015)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: Tsunami ; Indian Ocean
    Description / Table of Contents: This is the first volume of a collection of essays focusing on progress in tsunami science since the great tsunami of 26 December. A magnitude Mw 9.1 earthquake (third strongest ever instrumentally recorded) generated a global tsunami that killed about 230,000 people along the coasts of 14 countries in the Indian Ocean and propagated as far as the North Pacific and North Atlantic. Since then, various countries from around the globe contributed major funding to tsunami research and mitigation, enabling the installation of hundreds of new high-precision instruments, the development of new technology and the establishment of more modern communication systems. As a result, incredible progress has been achieved in tsunami research and operation during the ten years after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The papers presented in this first of two special volumes of Pure and Applied Geophysics reflect the state of tsunami science during this time. Eight papers are related to case studies highlighting regional hazards around the globe, while five papers record progress in tsunami warning systems. Benchmark studies that describe the accuracy of numerical models for tsunami impact, as well as a variety of inundation and generation studies, are presented by 7 additional papers.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 390 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034809115
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/172/3/
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Properties and Processes of Crustal Fault Zones : Volume I (2015)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: fault zone ; earthquake processes
    Description / Table of Contents: Recent theoretical developments, acquisitions of large seismic and other data sets, detailed geological studies, and novel laboratory experiments offer new opportunities for advancing the understanding of fault zone and earthquake processes. The present and a follow up volume provide broad state-of-the-art perspectives on earthquakes and crustal fault zones. Subjects discussed in this volume include fluids and faulting, characterization of fault zone materials, seismic ground motion, geodetic deformation, seismicity and hazard, imaging fault zone structures, experiments on fault evolution, and damage-based rheologies for shear deformation. The volume will be useful to students and professional researchers from Earth Sciences, Material Sciences, Physics and other disciplines, who are interested in properties and processes of earthquakes and faults.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 312 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034808767
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/171/11/
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  • 14
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    Tsunamis in the Pacific Ocean: 2011-2012 (2015)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: Tsunami ; Pacific Ocean
    Description / Table of Contents: The 2011 Tohoku earthquake generated a catastrophic tsunami that killed nearly 20,000 people along the coast of Japan and caused the nuclear disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. The tsunami propagated throughout the Pacific Ocean and also affected many other countries, including Russia, the USA, New Zealand, French Polynesia and Chile, demonstrating once again the terrible threat that tsunami waves pose for Pacific countries and the need for basin-wide international scientific collaboration. Following a brief introduction, this volume presents 21 scientific papers, including 12 on aspects of the 2011 Tohoku event. A first group of papers provides detailed field survey results from the coasts of Japan and Russia and examines the wave dynamics on the basis of these surveys, the source mechanism of the earthquake, and the far-field impacts of the Tohoku tsunami. The second group reports on the 2012 tsunamis in El Salvador, the Philippines, off the east coast of Honshu and the landmark Haida Gwaii event off the west coast of British Columbia, Canada, while the papers in a third set discuss a number of remaining challenging questions in tsunami science and warning. The volume will be of interest to scientists and practitioners involved in all aspects of tsunamis from earthquake source processes to transoceanic wave propagation and coastal impacts. Postgraduate students in geophysics, oceanography and coastal engineering – as well as those in the broader geosciences, civil and environmental engineering – will also find the book a valuable resource, as it combines recent case studies with the latest advances in tsunami science and natural hazards mitigation.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 366 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034808644
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/171/12/
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Historical and Recent Catastrophic Tsunamis in the World, Volume II : Tsunamis from 1755 to 2010 (2014)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: Tsunami DART observations ; Tsunami early warning ; Tsunami risk management ; probabilistic tsunami hazard study
    Description / Table of Contents: The 2010 tsunamis generated in Haiti, Chile, and Indonesia caused various damage on the coasts. In the past, the 1755 Lisbon, 1964 Alaska, and 2003 Algeria earthquakes also generated damaging tsunamis. This volume contains an introduction and 18 papers, mostly presented at the 25th International Tsunami Symposium held 1-4 July 2011. They report the above tsunamis and discuss tsunami DART observations, warning systems, risk management in the Pacific, modelling of earthquake and landslide tsunamis, and probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 311 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034807029
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/170/9/
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  • 16
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    CO2 Emissions From Fuel Combustion Highlights 2014 (2014)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: In the lead-up to the UN climate negotiations in Lima, the latest information on the level and growth of CO2 emissions, their source and geographic distribution will be essential to lay the foundation for a global agreement. To provide input to and support for the UN process, the IEA is making available for free download the "Highlights" version of CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion now on sale at the IEA Bookshop. This annual publication contains, for more than 140 countries and regions: • estimates of CO2 emissions from 1971 to 2012 • selected indicators such as CO2/GDP, CO2/capita and CO2/TPES • a decomposition of CO2 emissions into driving factors • CO2 emissions from international marine and aviation bunkers, key sources, and other relevant information. The twentieth session of the Conference of the Parties to the Climate Change Convention (COP 20), in conjunction with the tenth meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP 10), will be meeting in Lima, Peru from 1-12 December 2014. This volume of "Highlights", drawn from the full-scale study, was specially designed for delegations and observers of the meeting in Lima.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/co2-emissions-from-fuel-combustion-highlights-2014.html
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    6th CCS Regulatory Network Meeting Workshop Report 2014 (2014)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: A two day meeting covering a survey of progress in developing and implementing legal and regulatory frameworks in the jurisdictions represented and the exploration of a range of issues which have emerged in the development of legal and regulatory frameworks.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/6th-ccs-regulatory-network-meeting-workshop-report-2014.html
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  • 18
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    Technology Roadmap : A Guide to Development and Implementation (2014)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: New low-carbon technologies show clear potential for transforming the global energy system, but a key challenge remains: what steps do governments and industry need to take to ensure their development and deployment? Roadmapping, used for decades in technology-intensive industries, is a useful tool to help address complicated issues strategically at the national, regional and global levels. To help turn political statements and analytical work into concrete action, the International Energy Agency (IEA) is developing a series of global roadmaps devoted to low-carbon energy technologies. ‌Drawing upon the extensive IEA experience, this guide is aimed at providing countries and companies with the context, information and tools needed to design, manage and implement an effective energy technology roadmap process relevant to their own local circumstances and objectives. This edition of the Energy Technology Roadmaps: a guide to development and implementation includes more detailed guidance on how to identify key stakeholders, develop a technology baseline and development of indicators to help track progress against roadmap milestones. The IEA hopes that this guide and the examples and references it offers, together with the new IEA How2Guides, which provide technology-specific guidance, will help national and local policy makers and industry to develop strategies that accelerate the deployment of low-carbon energy technologies worldwide.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/technology-roadmap--a-guide-to-development-and-implementation-.html
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  • 19
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    More Data, Less Energy : Making Network Standby More Efficient in Billions of Connected Devices (2014)
    Paris : IEA Publications
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: The electricity demand of our increasingly digital economies is growing at an alarming rate. While data centre energy demand has received much attention, of greater cause for concern is the growing energy demand of billions of networked devices. This publication probes their hidden energy costs. Being connected 24/7 means these devices draw energy all the time even when in standby. Studies show that for some devices up to 80% of the energy consumption is used just to maintain a network connection. In 2013 such devices consumed more than 600 terawatt hours of electricity. Implementing best available technologies could reduce energy demand of network-enabled devices by up to 65%. Exploring policy and technology solutions, the book charts a path forward and identifies which stakeholders are well-placed take the lead in particular areas. An underlying message is that there is a need for co-operation across all parts of the information and communication technology value chain.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/more-data-less-energy.html
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    Recent Advances in Nuclear Explosion Monitoring, Volume II (2014)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
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    Keywords: Fukushima power plant accident ; acoustic and infrasonic analysis ; analysis of radionuclear releases ; nuclear test ban monitoring ; seismic monitoring and atmospheric backtracking
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume is a follow-up of PAGEOPH Topical Volume 167 (2010) and again reports on the latest advances in science and technology that have been achieved to monitor compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). This progress in the development and testing of new sensor technologies and analysis methodologies in all relevant scientific disciplines improves the detection, location and characterization of CTBT-relevant events. In particular the latter poses a challenge for smaller events, where natural or manmade but CTBT-irrelevant sources can generate false positive events. Being able to effectively identify these events while maintaining a minimum risk of missing a nuclear explosion is the overall challenge. The 29 papers in this volume can be structured into 16 waveform studies, eight contributions in the field of radionuclide monitoring and related atmospheric backtracking, and five papers related to on-site inspection or overhead detection of relevant events, with many of these originally presented at a special session on “Research and Development in Nuclear Explosion Monitoring” at the most recent annual General Assemblies of the European Geosciences Union (EGU). The volume addresses the interests of scientists and practitioners whose work is related to the CTBT relevant applications and technologies in the fields of seismology, hydro-acoustics, infra-sound, meteorology and nuclear physics.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 442 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034808187
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/171/3/
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  • 21
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    Partner Country Series : The Asian Quest for LNG in a Globalising Market (2014)
    Paris : IEA Publications
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: Global gas markets may be at the threshold of a new age. An unprecedented gap between regional gas prices has triggered fundamental changes for future global gas market dynamics. This price gap comes at a time when the industry is expanding liquefied natural gas (LNG) export capacity by one-third, with most of this capacity targeting the Asian market. Not only is the demand for gas growing quickly in Asia, but high prices make this region the preferred destination for LNG sellers. It would be a mistake, however, to expect such a situation to continue unchanged. Growth will depend on whether countries can afford more expensive gas, its competitiveness against other fuels, and the price level that could trigger an increase in unconventional gas production. The high prices in Asia have been a result of the close link to oil prices in global LNG markets. This model might see some cracks as a greater quantity of new supplies offer a Henry Hub price with destination flexibility. A regional hub pricing signal in Asia is lacking, but market reforms do show first signs of progress in that direction. That new LNG is being sold on different terms does not mean the end of oil indexation over the medium term, and a mix of oil, Henry Hub and Asian hub indexation could be expected to govern contracts over the longer term. In sum, new LNG supplies that are redrawing the global gas map, combined with the Asian demand growth and market reforms, challenge Asia to attract LNG in this globalising market.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/partner-country-series---the-asian-quest-for-lng-in-a-globalising-market.html
    Language: English
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    Technology Roadmap : Energy Storage (2014)
    Paris : IEA Publications
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: Energy storage technologies are valuable components in most energy systems and could be an important tool in achieving a low-carbon future. These technologies allow for the decoupling of energy supply and demand, in essence providing
 a valuable resource to system operators. There are many cases where energy storage deployment is competitive or near-competitive in today’s energy system. However, regulatory and market conditions are frequently ill-equipped to compensate storage for the suite of services that it can provide. Furthermore, some technologies are still too expensive relative to other competing technologies (e.g. flexible generation and new transmission lines in electricity systems). One of the key goals of this new roadmap is to understand and communicate the value of energy storage to energy system stakeholders. This will include concepts that address the current status of deployment and predicted evolution in the context of current and future energy system needs by using a “systems perspective” rather than looking at storage technologies in isolation.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/technology-roadmap-energy-storage-.html
    Language: English
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    Technology Roadmap : Solar Photovoltaic Energy - 2014 edition (2014)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Solar energy is widely available throughout the world and can contribute to reduced dependence on energy imports. As it entails no fuel price risk or constraints, it also improves security of supply. Solar power enhances energy diversity and hedges against price volatility of fossil fuels, thus stabilising costs of electricity generation in the long term. Solar PV entails no greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during operation and does not emit other pollutants (such as oxides of sulphur and nitrogen); additionally, it consumes no or little water. As local air pollution and extensive use of fresh water for cooling of thermal power plants are becoming serious concerns in hot or dry regions, these benefits of solar PV become increasingly important.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/technology-roadmap-solar-photovoltaic-energy---2014-edition.html
    Language: English
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    Africa Energy Outlook (2014)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Sub-Saharan Africa’s energy sector can be improved to unlock a better life for its citizens. This report describes one of the most poorly understood parts of the global energy system, offers an authoritative study of its future prospects, broken down by fuel, sector and sub-region and shows how investment in the sub-Saharan energy sector can stimulate rapid economic and social development across the region. The report: Explores how quickly modern energy might be brought to the huge population currently deprived of it. Highlights key actions in the energy sector that can unleash more rapid economic and social development in sub-Saharan Africa. Examines how existing and emerging oil and gas producers can maximise the value of their resources for economic development. Evaluates the role of renewables in the region’s energy future, and how important mini- and off-grid solutions can be in providing access to electricity. Identifies the benefits that greater regional integration of the energy sector can bring, as well as mapping the future role of sub-Saharan Africa in the global energy system.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/africa-energy-outlook.html
    Language: English
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    Heating Without Global Warming (2014)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Global energy use for heat accounts for more than 50% of final energy consumption and has important implications on energy security and energy-related CO2 emissions. Nonetheless, efforts to replace fossil-generated heat with renewable energy sources, are only slowly gaining momentum as renewable heat does not receive the attention it deserves in light of its vast potential at costs that are competitive with those of fossil fuel-derived heat in an increasing number of circumstances. This paper highlights some of the dynamics of renewable energy use for heat in different markets, the status of different technologies and policy measures to efficiently promote renewable heat, and provides an outlook for the potential role of renewable heat in the medium- and long-term.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/name-50517-en.html
    Language: English
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    World Energy Investment Outlook (2014)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Questions about the reliability, affordability and sustainability of our energy future often boil down to questions about investment. But are investors ready to commit capital in a fast-changing energy world? This complimentary special report in the World Energy Outlook series takes up this question in a full and comprehensive update of the energy investment picture to 2035 – a first full update since the 2003 World Energy Investment Outlook. With benchmark data on past investment trends and updated projections for investment at regional and global level, the report provides insights into: the structure of ownership and models for financing investment in different parts of the energy sector; the continued importance of oil investment in the Middle East to meet demand, and the consequences of delay in such investment; the dynamics and costs of LNG investment and how this can shape the future of global gas supply; where investment in the power sector might fall short of what is required, with important findings on the reliability of electricity supply in Europe and in India; the outlook for investment in low-carbon technologies, including renewables, and energy efficiency, and the barriers to their realisation; and how global investment and financing requirements change if governments take stronger action to address climate change.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/world-energy-investment-outlook---special-report---.html
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    Technology Roadmap : How2Guide for Wind Energy Roadmap (2014)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Whether in OECD, emerging or developing country economies, governments are increasingly looking to diversify their energy mix beyond simply fossil fuels. While wind energy is developing towards a mainstream, competitive and reliable technology, a range of barriers can delay progress, such as financing, grid integration, social acceptance and aspects of planning processes.National and regional technology roadmaps can play a key role in supporting wind energy development and implementation, helping countries to identify priorities and pathways tailored to local resources and markets. Recognising this, the IEA has started the How2Guides – a new series co-ordinated by the International Low-Carbon Energy Technology Platform to address the need for more focused guidance in the development of national roadmaps, or strategies, for specific low-carbon technologies. This builds on the success of the IEA global technology roadmap series and responds to a growing number of requests for IEA guidance to adapt the findings of the IEA global technology roadmaps to national circumstances.A successful roadmap contains a clear statement of the desired outcome, followed by a specific pathway for reaching it. The How2Guide for Wind Energy builds on the IEA well established methodology for roadmap development and shares wind specific recommendations on how to address the four phases to developing and implementing a wind energy roadmap: Planning; Visioning; Development; and Implementation. The manual also offers menus of recommendations on policy and technical options for deployment of utility-scale wind energy installations. A matrix of barriers-versus-realistic solutions options is cross-listed with considerations such as planning, development, electricity market and system, infrastructure, and finance and economics. Drawing on several case studies from around the globe, as well as on the IEA Technology Roadmap for Wind Energy, the How2Guide for Wind Energy it is intended as a practical tool for policy and decision makers interested in developing – or updating – a wind power roadmap.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/technology-roadmap--how2-guide-for-wind-energy-roadmap.html
    Language: English
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    Tracking Clean Energy Progress 2014 (2014)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Tracking Clean Energy Progress 2014 examines progress in the development and deployment of key clean energy technologies. This Energy Technology Perspectives 2014 (ETP 2014) excerpt tracks each technology and sector against interim 2025 targets in the IEA 2014 Energy Technology Perspectives 2°C scenario, which lays out pathways to a sustainable energy system in 2050. Deployment of solar photovoltaics (PV), onshore wind and electric vehicles (EVs) is still increasing rapidly, but their growth rates are slowing. Growth of coal-fired power generation exceeds that of all non-fossil fuels combined. Nuclear power generation is stagnating. Development of carbon capture and storage (CCS) remains too slow. These trends reflect inadequate political and financial commitment to long-term sustainability of the global energy system. Tracking Clean Energy Progress 2014 provides, together with ETP 2014, specific recommendations to governments on how to scale up deployment of these key technologies toward a secure, clean and competitive energy future.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/tracking-clean-energy-progress-2014.html
    Language: English
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    Key World Energy Statistics 2014 (2014)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: The IEA produced its first handy, pocket-sized summary of key energy data in 1997 and every year since then it has been more and more successful. Key World Energy Statistics contains timely, clearly-presented data on supply, transformation and consumption of all major energy sources. The interested businessman, journalist or student will have at his or her fingertips the annual Australian production of coal, the electricity consumption in Japan, the price of diesel oil in Spain and thousands of other useful energy facts.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/key-world-energy-statistics-2014.html
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    Energy Supply Security : The Emergency Response of IEA Countries - 2014 Edition (2014)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Ensuring energy security is a core responsibility of the International Energy Agency and a priority for its member countries. Energy Supply Security: The emergency response of IEA countries (2014) provides an overview of the most recent oil and natural gas emergency policy reviews of the 29 IEA member countries, as well as those of key partners such as Chile, China, India and ASEAN. The publication assesses each country’s emergency arrangements for security of supply of oil and gas, their stockholding structure, demand restraint measures and fuel switching capacity, and also provides a summary of energy security best practice amongst the IEA membership and beyond. This publication also includes an overview of the electricity security assessment framework recently developed by the IEA for the purposes of strengthening countries’ electricity security. The following parts can be downloaded separately but are excerpts from the Energy Supply Security 2014 publication. They are not intended as a stand-alone publication.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (606 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/energy-supply-security-the-emergency-response-of-iea-countries-2014.html
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    Partner Country Series : Emissions Reduction through Upgrade of Coal-Fired Power Plants (2014)
    Paris : IEA Publications
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: Coal is the principal fuel for the generation of electrical power globally. It is the leading source of power generation in OECD countries and the dominant fuel source behind economic growth in non-OECD countries. However, while providing over 40% of the world’s electricity, it is responsible for more than 70% of the CO2 arising from electricity generation. The IEA carried out a project to examine the potential to improve the performance of existing coal-fired plants. Two power units in China were selected to showcase measures that would improve their net efficiency. The results built on the efficiency gains made under China’s national energy efficiency improvement programme and demonstrated the enormous potential to improve performance, with each percentage point increase capable of reducing CO2 emissions by many millions of tonnes over a unit’s operational lifetime. Experiences learned in China can be applied to improving coal-fired power plant efficiency worldwide.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/partner-country-series---emissions-reduction-through-upgrade-of-coal-fired-power-plants.html
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    Linking Heat and Electricity Systems (2014)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Co-generation technologies and efficient DHC networks offer significant environmental and energy security benefits, and can serve as flexible tools to bridge electrical and thermal energy systems. Yet despite these advantages, and successful implementation in some countries, to date, global deployment has been limited. This publication examines some of the reasons behind the slow progress, including local energy market conditions failing to ensure energy prices that reflect generation costs, lack of long-term visibility of energy policy and poor strategic planning for heating and cooling infrastructure. The report uses three case studies where co-generation has been successfully deployed in industrial applications, and three case studies of efficient DHC systems to inform this analysis. These real-life examples demonstrate that long-term stability of energy efficiency rewarding policy strategy is one of the most important levers to unlock cost-effective deployment potential of these technologies. They also show that technical challenges posed by innovative and highly integrated DHC systems can be solved through cooperative effort, experience sharing and support to demonstrate pioneer networks. Based on this analysis, the report provides policy recommendations intended to help policymakers better understand the drivers of deployment of co-generation and DHC systems, and overcome policy and market barriers to increased cost-effective penetration of these efficient energy options.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/linking-heat-and-electricity-systems.html
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    Historical and Recent Catastrophic Tsunamis in the World, Volume I : The 2011 Tohoku Tsunami (2013)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: Tohoku Earthquake ; Tsunami effects on coastal infrastructure and buildings ; data analysis, real time assessment and modelling ; historical comparison ; tsunami impacts and effects in Japan
    Description / Table of Contents: The 2011 Tohoku earthquake generated a tsunami that caused severe damage including 20,000 casualties in Japan. The tsunami also affected other Pacific coasts, including the Kuril Islands, the USA, French Polynesia, the Galapagos Islands, Australia, and New Zealand. This volume contains an introduction and 21papers, mostly presented at the 25th International Tsunami Symposium held 1-4 July 2011, only four months after the tsunami. They report seismological aspects of the event related to the tsunami warning, the tsunami impacts and effects in Japan and around the Pacific, analyses of instrumental tsunami data and modelling.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 405 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034806992
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/170/6/
    Language: English
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    Key World Energy Statistics 2013 (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: The IEA produced its first handy, pocket-sized summary of key energy data in 1997 and every year since then it has been more and more successful. Key World Energy Statistics contains timely, clearly-presented data on supply, transformation and consumption of all major energy sources. The interested businessman, journalist or student will have at his or her fingertips the annual Canadian production of coal, the electricity consumption in Thailand, the price of diesel oil in Spain and thousands of other useful energy facts.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/name,31287,en.html
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    Secure and Efficient Electricity Supply : During the Transition to Low Carbon Power Systems (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Electricity shortages can paralyse our modern economies. All governments fear rolling black-outs and their economic consequences, especially in economies increasingly based on digital technologies. Over the last two decades, the development of markets for power has produced cost reduction, technological innovation, increased cross border trade and assured a steady supply of electricity. Now, IEA countries face the challenge of maintaining security of electricity supply during the transition to low-carbon economies. Low-carbon policies are pushing electricity markets into novel territories at a time when most of the generation and network capacity will have to be replaced. Most notably, wind and solar generation, now an integral part of electricity markets, can present new operating and investment challenges for generation, networks and the regional integration of electricity markets. In addition, the resilience of power systems facing more frequent natural disasters is also of increasing concern. IEA Ministers mandated the Secretariat to work on the Electricity Security Action Plan (ESAP), expanding to electricity the energy security mission of the IEA. This paper outlines the key conclusions and policy recommendations to “keep the lights on” while reducing CO2 emissions and increasing the efficiency.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/name,44430,en.html
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    Technology Roadmap: Wind Energy - 2013 Edition (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: The IEA Wind Power Technology Roadmap 2013 Edition recognises the very significant progress made since the first edition was published in 2009. The technology continues to improve rapidly, and costs of generation from land-based wind installations continue to fall. Wind power is now being deployed in countries with good resources without any dedicated financial incentives. The 2013 Edition targets an increased share (15% to 18%) of global electricity to be provided by wind power in 2050, compared to 12% in the original roadmap of 2009. However, increasing levels of low-cost wind still require predictable, supportive regulatory environments and appropriate market designs. The challenges of integrating higher levels of variable wind power into the grid need to be addressed. For offshore wind, much remains to be done to develop appropriate large-scale systems and to reduce costs. The 2013 Wind Power Roadmap also provides updated analysis on the barriers that exist for the technology and suggests ways to address them, including legal and regulatory recommendations.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (63 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/name,43771,en.html
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    Global Land Transport Infrastructure Requirements : Estimating road and railway infrastructure capacity and costs to 2050 (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Over the next four decades, global passenger and freight travel is expected to double over 2010 levels. In order to accommodate this growth, it is expected that the world will need to add nearly 25 million paved road lane-kilometres and 335 000 rail track kilometres. In addition, it is expected that between 45 000 square kilometres and 77 000 square kilometres of new parking spaces will be added to accommodate vehicle stock growth. These land transport infrastructure additions, when combined with operations, maintenance and repairs, are expected to cost as much as USD 45 trillion by 2050. This publication reports on the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) analysis of infrastructure requirements to support projected road and rail travel through 2050, using the IEA Mobility Model. It considers land transport infrastructure additions to support travel growth to 2050. It also considers potential savings if countries pursue “avoid and shift” policies: in this scenario, cumulative global land transport infrastructure spending could decrease as much as USD 20 trillion by 2050 over baseline projections.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/name,34742,en.html
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    Managing Interactions Between Carbon Pricing and Existing Energy Policies : Guidance for Policymakers (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Carbon pricing can be a key policy tool to help countries move their energy sectors onto a cleaner development path. One important issue to consider when introducing carbon pricing is how it will integrate with other energy policies that also reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including policies to support low-carbon technologies (such as renewable energy) and energy efficiency programmes. Poor policy integration can undermine energy security and affordability, and affect the performance of renewable energy policies and energy markets. Climate objectives can also be undermined, through low and uncertain carbon prices and the risk of stop-start policy. Understanding how to manage policy interactions can improve the climate and energy policy package, reducing the trade-offs and advancing the synergies between energy and climate objectives. This will benefit the country in terms of a more effective and lower-cost low-carbon development path, as well as supporting a more energy-secure future.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/insights/insightpublications/name,43825,en.html
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    Focus on Energy Security : Costs, Benefits and Financing of Holding Emergency Oil Stocks (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Oil is traded in a market where uncertainty, price volatility, and sudden supply disruptions are common characteristics. Natural disasters, political disagreements and wars can seriously disrupt oil supply and demand with consequent detrimental impacts on economic activity. One particularly powerful policy tool that IEA member countries have to respond to such disruptions is the release of emergency oil stocks. In its 40 year history, the IEA released stocks on three occasions to reduce the supply disruptions and the associated economic damage. This paper provides a general guide to the existing emergency stockholding system for those countries who are considering the introduction of new stockholding systems or changes to their existing emergency stocks. It draws together analysis of the costs and benefits of emergency stocks, in addition to exploring options for financing the establishment of stocks.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/insights/insightpublications/name,43688,en.html
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    Russian Electricity Reform 2013 Update : Laying an Efficient and Competitive Foundation for Innovation and Modernisation (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Russia is in the process of one of the most ambitious electricity reform programs ever undertaken. The reform is crucial for Russia, with the potential to modernize and transform the sector into a key driver of longer-term economic growth and prosperity. In 2005, the IEA published a study documenting the proposed reform and highlighting some potential implementation issues. Achievements to date have been impressive by international standards, however the outcome remains uncertain. Electricity reform is entering another critical phase in Russia. The 2013 Update examines the key remaining challenges affecting the development of competitive wholesale and retail electricity markets in Russia including: market structure, market design, pricing, investment and related regulation. The report draws extensively on the experience of IEA member countries and on views expressed during consultations with key Russian stakeholders.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/insights/insightpublications/name,37170,en.html
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    World Energy Outlook Special Report 2013 : Southeast Asia Energy Outlook (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: The ten members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) – along with China and India – are shifting the centre of gravity of the global energy system towards Asia. Energy demand in Southeast Asia has expanded by two-and- a-half times since 1990, its rate of growth among the fastest in the world. Economic and demographic trends point to further growth, lifting the region’s energy use per capita from just half of the global average today. But how will Southeast Asia’s fuel mix evolve? And what will the region’s supply and demand balance mean for oil, gas and coal trade? The International Energy Agency, in co-operation with the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, has studied these issues in consultation with ASEAN member governments and leading commentators, industry representatives and international experts. This special report, in the World Energy Outlook series, presents the findings.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/world-energy-outlook-special-report-2013-southeast-asia-energy-outlook.html
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    Partner Country Series : Developing a Natural Gas Trading Hub in Asia (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: The trading of natural gas in the Asia-Pacific region is dominated by long-term contracts in which the price of gas is indexed to that of oil. As the price of gas between Asia and other parts of the world has widened in recent years, observers have raised serious doubts about the sustainability of this pricing model. In this report, the IEA shows what it would take to create a functional, regional natural-gas trading hub in which prices reflect the local supply and demand fundamentals. The report aims to provide stakeholders with insights on the changes that are required in the Asia-Pacific natural gas sector -- both downstream and upstream -- to allow a competitive natural gas price to emerge. Building on OECD Europe and OECD America experiences, this report sets out to assess perspectives for these changes in the Asia-Pacific natural gas markets. It identifies obstacles and opportunities for a competitive natural gas price in the Asian economies to emerge.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/partner-country-series---developing-a-natural-gas-trading-hub-in-asia.html
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    Medium-Term Gas Market Report 2013 : Market Trends and Projections to 2018 (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Global growth in natural gas use slowed measurably in 2012, although it still exceeded that of oil and total energy use. Among the headwinds facing gas are continuing weak demand in Europe, resilience of coal in North America as well as persistent bottlenecks and disruptions in the LNG value chain that in 2012 caused an exceptional global decline of LNG supply. At the same time, Asian demand for gas remains red-hot, and gas is beginning to gain traction as a transport fuel. The IEA new Medium-Term Gas Market Report provides a detailed analysis of demand, upstream investment and trade developments through 2018 that will shape the gas industry and the role of gas in the global energy system. Its special sections investigate the economic viability of gas-fired power generation in Europe, the prospects for an LNG trading hub in Asia as well as the potentially transformational role of natural gas in transport. Amid a continuous regional divergence between North American abundance, European weakness and Asian thirst for LNG, the 2013 Medium Term Gas Market Report will investigate the key questions that the gas industry faces. These include the prospect of the United States becoming a major gas exporter, the challenges of securing enough gas to meet China’s growth, and the ability of Russian gas – spurred both by weak EU demand and resurgent domestic production – to find its manifest destiny in Asia.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (186 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/medium-term-gas-market-report-2013---.html
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    Medium-Term Renewable Energy Market Report 2013 : Market trends and projections to 2018 (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Renewable electricity generation increased strongly worldwide in 2012, and deployment is occurring in a greater number of markets. However, the story of renewable energy development is becoming more complex. Short-term indicators in some regions of the globe have pointed to increased challenges. Despite remaining high, global new investment in renewable energy fell in 2012. Policy uncertainties, economic challenges, incentive reductions and competition from other energy sources clouded the investment outlook for some markets. Some countries and regions have faced difficulties in integrating variable renewables in their power grids. The renewable manufacturing industry, particularly solar and wind, entered a deeper period of restructuring and consolidation. Nevertheless, despite economic, policy and industry turbulence, the underlying fundamentals for renewable deployment remain robust. Even with challenges in some countries, more positive developments elsewhere continue to drive global growth. Competitive opportunities for renewables are emerging across traditional and new markets. While OECD countries remain a driver of renewable power development, non-OECD countries are increasingly accounting for overall growth. The roles of biofuels for transport and renewable heat are also increasing, though at somewhat slower rates than renewable electricity. The Medium-Term Renewable Energy Market Report 2013 assesses market trends for the renewable electricity, biofuels for transport and renewable heat sectors, identifying drivers and challenges to deployment, and making projections through 2018. The analysis features in-depth renewable electricity market analysis and forecasts for a slate of countries in the OECD and non-OECD. The report also presents an outlook for renewable electricity technologies, global biofuels supply, final energy use of renewables for heat and prospects for renewable investment.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (217 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/medium-term-renewable-energy-market-report-2013.html
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    Energy Investments and Technology Transfer Across Emerging Economies : The Case of Brazil and China (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: Growing innovation capacity among emerging markets and increasing investment flows between them are creating new, reciprocal opportunities through the deployment of technological innovations and knowledge transfer. The case of Brazil and China is particularly relevant in this context. Between 2005 and 2012, the Brazilian energy sector absorbed USD 18.3 billion worth of investments from China. Sino-Brazilian trade and political relations have intensified over the past decade. This report focuses on three main questions: What are the drivers behind Chinese investment in the Brazilian energy sector? What potential exists for inter-firm technology transfer between the Chinese and Brazilian companies involved? Do government-sponsored activities and academic exchanges complement inter-firm technology transfer? The analysis highlights the potential of energy technology co-operation between Brazil and China, the deployment of innovations in third countries and, more generally, the intensification of global co-operation in energy-related research and development.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 Seiten)
    URL: https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/partner-country-serieenergy-investments-and-technology-transfer-across-emerging-economies---the-case-of-brazil-and-china.html
    Language: English
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    Technology Roadmap : Low-Carbon Technology for the Indian Cement Industry (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: The Indian cement industry is one of the most efficient in the world. Its efforts to reduce its carbon footprint by adopting the best available technologies and environmental practices are reflected in the achievement of reducing total CO2 emissions to an industrial average of 0.719 tCO2/t cement in 2010 from a substantially higher level of 1.12 tCO2/t cement in 1996. However, because the manufacturing process relies on the burning of limestone, it still produced 137 MtCO2 in 2010 – approximately 7% of India’s total man-made CO2 emissions. Yet opportunity for improvement exists, particularly in relation to five key levers that can contribute to emissions reductions: alternative fuel and raw materials; energy efficiency; clinker substitution; waste heat recovery and newer technologies. This roadmap sets out one pathway by which the Indian cement industry can reach its targets to improve energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions by 2050, thereby laying the foundation for low-carbon growth in the years beyond. The Technology Roadmap: Low-Carbon Technology for the Indian Cement Industry builds on the global IEA technology roadmap for the cement sector developed by the IEA and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development’s Cement Sustainability Initiative. It outlines a possible transition path for the Indian cement industry to reduce its direct CO2 emissions intensity to 0.35 tCO2/t cement and support the global goal of halving CO2 emissions by 2050
    Pages: Online-Ressource (56 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/low-carbon-for-the-indian-cement-industry.html
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    Earthquake Hazard Evaluation (2013)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake generation process ; earthquake source physics ; earthquake statistics for forecasting ; hazard caused large earthquakes and tsunamis ; numerical simulation studies ; propagation of seismic waves and tsunamis
    Description / Table of Contents: This book presents a series of numerical simulation studies of the earthquake generation process and the evaluation of the hazards caused by large earthquakes and tsunamis, drawn from three distinct topical areas. First, recent research results on earthquake source physics are introduced, which can be used as input for hazard evaluation studies. Then, propagation of seismic waves and tsunamis is discussed, connecting what happens at the source with the resulting damage. Finally, earthquake statistics for forecasting are discussed, a practical application of our knowledge for the mitigation of earthquake and tsunami disasters. This book is suitable for graduate students who are interested in the earthquake generation process and its application in the future. It also will serve researchers who want or need to know how to evaluate the damage due to earthquakes and tsunamis.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 246 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034805872
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/170/1/
    Language: English
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    The School of Pharmacy, University of London : Medicines, Science and Society, 1842-2012 (2013)
    Amsterdam ; Boston : Elsevier
    Details
    Keywords: DDC 510 s ; DDC 531 ; LC QA3 ; LC QA808.2eb
    Description / Table of Contents: The School of Pharmacy, University of London: Medicines, Science and Society, 1842-2012 represents the rich history of the University of London School of Pharmacy through numerous color photographs, important advances in the pharmacy profession, cultural milestones, biographies and more. Written in an engaging and authoritative style, this book depicts the chronological history of the school from its establishment in 1842 to the present day with a nod toward its aspirations for the future. By highlighting key periods in the school’s history and showing their connection to the wider world, this book truly commemorates the heritage of the School of Pharmacy and its cutting-edge role in pharmacy innovation, research and education.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xi, 214 pages)
    ISBN: 9780124076655
    URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780124076655
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    Technology Roadmap : Energy and GHG Reductions in the Chemical Industry via Catalytic Processes (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: The chemical industry is a large energy user; but chemical products and technologies also are used in a wide array of energy saving and/or renewable energy applications so the industry has also an energy saving role. The chemical and petrochemical sector is by far the largest industrial energy user, accounting for roughly 10% of total worldwide final energy demand and 7% of global GHG emissions. The International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) has partnered with the IEA and DECHEMA (Society for Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology) to describe the path toward further improvements in energy efficiency and GHG reductions in the chemical sector. The roadmap looks at measures needed from the chemical industry, policymakers, investors and academia to press on with catalysis technology and unleash its potential around the globe. The report uncovers findings and best practice opportunities that illustrate how continuous improvements and breakthrough technology options can cut energy use and bring down greenhouse gas (GHG) emission rates. Around 90% of chemical processes involve the use of catalysts – such as added substances that increase the rate of reaction without being consumed by it – and related processes to enhance production efficiency and reduce energy use, thereby curtailing GHG emission levels. This work shows an energy savings potential approaching 13 exajoules (EJ) by 2050 – equivalent to the current annual primary energy use of Germany.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (56 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/technology-roadmap-chemical-industry-via-catalytic-processes.html
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    Global Tracking Framework (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: The Global Tracking Framework, a multi-agency effort led by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the World Bank, calculates the starting point against which the SE4ALL initiative can benchmark progress towards its three objectives of achieving universal access to modern energy services, doubling the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency and doubling the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix (all by 2030). The Global Tracking Framework estimates that, as of 2010, 17% of the global population did not have access to electricity while 41% still relied on wood or other biomass to cook and heat their homes. Renewable energy accounted for 18% of the global energy mix in 2010, while global energy efficiency had improved by 1.3% per year on average since 1990. Global action is required, but the nature of the challenge differs across countries and, for each of the SE4ALL goals, the report identifies 20 “high-impact” countries that are crucial to making major progress. The report also finds that achievement of the SE4ALL goals requires energy investments to increase by at least USD 600 billion per year until 2030, compared with the level currently expected. But the costs are not spread evenly, with universal access to modern cooking needing an additional USD 4.4 billion per year and electricity access needing USD 45 billion per year, while renewables need an additional USD 174 billion per year and energy efficiency USD 394 billion per year. This investment must be accompanied by a comprehensive package of policy measures, including fiscal, financial and economic incentives, phasing out fossil-fuel subsidies, and pricing of carbon.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (289 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/global-tracking-framework.html
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    Technology Roadmap : Carbon Capture and Storage 2013 (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: As long as fossil fuels and carbon-intensive industries play dominant roles in our economies, carbon capture and storage (CCS) will remain a critical greenhouse gas reduction solution. This CCS roadmap aims at assisting governments and industry in integrating CCS in their emissions reduction strategies and in creating the conditions for scaled-up deployment of all three components of the CCS chain: CO2 capture, transport and storage. To get us onto the right pathway, this roadmap highlights seven key actions needed in the next seven years to create a solid foundation for deployment of CCS starting by 2020. IEA analysis shows that CCS is an integral part of any lowest-cost mitigation scenario where long-term global average temperature increases are limited to significantly less than 4 °C, particularly for 2 °C scenarios (2DS). In the 2DS, CCS is widely deployed in both power generation and industrial applications. The total CO2 capture and storage rate must grow from the tens of megatonnes of CO2 captured in 2013 to thousands of megatonnes of CO2 in 2050 in order to address the emissions reduction challenge. A total cumulative mass of approximately 120 GtCO2 would need to be captured and stored between 2015 and 2050, across all regions of the globe.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/technology-roadmap-carbon-capture-and-storage-2013.html
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    Medium-Term Oil Market Report 2013 : Market Trends and Projections to 2018 (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: The global oil market will undergo sweeping changes over the next five years. The 2013 Medium-Term Oil Market Report evaluates the impact of these changes on the global oil system by 2018 based on all that we know today – current expectations of economic growth, existing or announced policies and regulations, commercially proven technologies, field decline rates, investment programmes (upstream, midstream and downstream), etc. The five-year forecast period corresponds to the length of the typical investment cycle and as such is critical to policymakers and market participants. This Report shows, in detailed but concise terms, why the ongoing North American hydrocarbon revolution is a “game changer”. The region’s expected contribution to supply growth, however impressive, is only part of the story: Crude quality, infrastructure requirements, current regulations, and the potential for replication elsewhere are bound to spark a chain reaction that will leave few links in the global oil supply chain unaffected. While North America is expected to lead medium-term supply growth, the East-of- Suez region is in the lead on the demand side. Non-OECD oil demand, led by Asia and the Middle East, looks set to overtake the OECD for the first time as early as 2Q13 and will widen its lead afterwards. Non-OECD economies are already home to over half global refining capacity. With that share only expected to grow by 2018, the non-OECD region will be firmly entrenched as the world’s largest crude importer. These and other changes are carefully laid out in this Report, which also examines recent and future changes in global oil storage, shifts in OPEC production capacity and crude and product trade, and the consequences of the ongoing refinery construction boom in emerging markets and developing economies. It is required reading for anyone engaged in policy or investment decision-making in the energy sphere, and those more broadly interested in the oil market and the global economy.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/medium-term-oil-market-report-2013.html
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    Production Costs of Alternative Transportation Fuels (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: This study examines the production costs of a range of transport fuels and energy carriers under varying crude oil price assumptions and technology market maturation levels. An engineering “bottom-up” approach is used to estimate the effect of the input cost of oil and of various technological assumptions on the finished price of these fuels. In total, the production costs of 20 fuels are examined for crude oil prices between USD 60 and USD 150 per barrel. Some fuel pathways can be competitive with oil as their production, transport and storage technology matures, and as oil price increases. Rising oil prices will offer new opportunities to switch to alternative fuels for transport, to diversify the energy mix of the transport sector, and to reduce the exposure of the whole system to price volatility and potential distuption of supply. In a time of uncertainty about the leading vehicle technology to decarbonize the transport sector, looking at the fuel cost brings key information to be considered to keep mobility affordable yet sustainable.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/production-costs-of-alternative-transportation-fuels-influence-of-crude-oil-price-and-technology-maturity-.html
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    Policy Pathways : A Tale of Renewed Cities (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Transport currently accounts for half of global oil consumption and nearly 20% of world energy use, of which approximately 40% is used in urban transport alone. The IEA expects urban transport energy consumption to double by 2050, despite ongoing vehicle technology and fuel-economy improvements. While increased mobility brings many benefits, the staggering rate of this increase creates new challenges. Urgent energy-efficiency policy attention will be needed to mitigate associated negative noise, air pollution, congestion, climate and economic impacts, all of which can cost countries billions of dollars per year. This report highlights lessons learned and examples of good practice from countries with experience implementing a wide range of measures to improve energy efficiency in urban transport systems. Part of the IEA Policy Pathway series, A Tale of Renewed Cities sets out key steps in planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation to achieve improved energy efficiency in urban transport systems. The Policy Pathway series aims to help policy makers implement the IEA 25 Energy Efficiency Policy Recommendations.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (98 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/policy-pathways---energy-efficiency-in-urban-transport-systems.html
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    Global EV Outlook (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: The Global EV Outlook represents the collective efforts of two years of primary data gathering and analysis from the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI) and IEA. Key takeaways and insights include landscape analysis of electric vehicle (EV) stock/sales and charging station deployment. Existing policy initiatives are delineated and future opportunities highlighted in an “Opportunity Matrix: Pathways to 2020”. Together EVI countries accounted for more than 90% of world EV stock at the end of 2012. Strong government support in EVI countries on both the supply and demand sides are contributing to rising market penetration. 12 out of 15 EVI countries offer financial support for vehicle purchases, and most employ a mix of financial and non-financial incentives (such as access to restricted highway lanes) to help drive adoption. The Global EV Outlook is a unique and data-rich overview of the state of electric vehicles today, and offers an understanding of the electric vehicle landscape to 2020.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/global-ev-outlook.html
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    Nordic Energy Technology Perspectives (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: The five Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden have announced ambitious goals towards decarbonising their energy systems by 2050. Based on the scenarios and analysis of Energy Technology Perspectives 2012, the International Energy Agency (IEA) and leading Nordic research institutions jointly assess how the Nordic region can achieve a carbon-neutral energy system by 2050. To achieve ambitious 2050 goal, Nordic Energy Technology Perspectives, the first regional edition of the series, details how countries can decarbonise power sector and electrify transport. The report lists best ways to reduce emissions and offers important lessons for other countries by expanding on the Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 global scenarios for energy policies that would limit average global temperature increase to 2°C. Without doubt, the Nordic countries are front-runners in taking decisive action toward clear, long-term energy targets. In examining their approach, the Nordic Energy Technology Perspectives aims to provide objective analysis that will increase the Nordic region’s chances of success. A secondary – but ultimately more important – aim is to prompt other countries and regions to follow their lead.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (211 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/nordic-energy-technology-perspectives----.html
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    Energy Policy Highlights 2013 (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Energy Policy Highlights showcases recent developments in energy policies among all 28 IEA member countries. Each contribution underscores the changing nature of both global and domestic energy challenges, as well as the commonality of energy concerns among member countries. The policies highlighted in this publication identify an urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as a clear policy objective. Electricity, enhancing energy efficiency and increasing the share of renewables in the energy mix in a cost effective manner are likewise areas of common focus. On the end-user side, increasing public awareness of domestic energy policies through improved transparency and engagement is an important facet of policy support among IEA member countries. The successful implementation of policies and other initiatives benefitted from efforts to inform the public.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (114 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/name,43515,en.html
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    Energy Technology Initiatives 2013 : Implementation through Multilateral Co-operation (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Ensuring energy security and addressing climate change cost-effectively are key global challenges. Tackling these issues will require efforts from stakeholders worldwide. To find solutions, the public and private sectors must work together, sharing burdens and resources, while at the same time multiplying results and outcomes. Through its broad range of multilateral technology initiatives (Implementing Agreements), the IEA enables member and non-member countries, businesses, industries, international organisations and non-governmental organisations to share research on breakthrough technologies, to fill existing research gaps, to build pilot plants and to carry out deployment or demonstration programmes across the energy sector. This publication highlights the most significant recent achievements of the IEA Implementing Agreements. At the core of the IEA energy technology network, these initiatives are a fundamental building block for facilitating the entry of new and improved energy technologies into the marketplace.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (114 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/name,43513,en.html
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    CO2 Emissions From Fuel Combustion Highlights 2013 (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: In the lead-up to the UN climate negotiations in Warsaw, the latest information on the level and growth of CO2 emissions, their source and geographic distribution will be essential to lay the foundation for a global agreement. To provide input to and support for the UN process, the IEA is making available for free download the "Highlights" version of CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion now for sale on IEA Bookshop. This annual publication contains, for more than 140 countries and regions: • estimates of CO2 emissions from 1971 to 2011 • selected indicators such as CO2/GDP, CO2/capita, CO2/TPES and CO2/kWh • a decomposition of CO2 emissions into driving factors • CO2emissions from international marine and aviation bunkers, key sources, and other relevant information. The nineteenth session of the Conference of the Parties to the Climate Change Convention (COP-19), in conjunction with the ninth meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP 9), will be meeting in Warsaw, Poland from 11 to 22 November 2013. This volume of "Highlights", drawn from the full-scale study, was specially designed for delegations and observers of the meeting in Warsaw.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (143 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/name,43840,en.html
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    International Energy Agency 2012 Annual Report (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: The IEA Executive Director’s Annual Report 2012 is the first of a regular annual series reporting on the IEA’s operational and organisational achievements, as well as challenges and events over the year. It is presented to the IEA Governing Board and released publicly to ensure transparency and also to take stock of the organisation’s activities from a strategic perspective. 2012 was a transitional year for the IEA, given fundamental changes in the global energy economy as well as internal management and budget issues. At the same time demand for IEA products set new records, and the public and political impact of IEA work through effective communication was measured as high.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/name,36515,en.html
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    Electricity Networks: Infrastructure and Operations : Too complex for a resource? (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Electricity security remains a priority of energy policy and continuous electrification will further enhance the importance in the years to come. Market liberalisation has brought substantial benefits to societies, including competition, innovation, more client-oriented services and the reduced needs for public expenditure. Further, the path of decarbonisation is a must but experiences with many new technologies and policies show their many implications on power systems. Electricity networks form the backbone of reliable and affordable power systems and also significantly support the inception of renewable generation. The importance of distribution and transmission networks has to be well understood by policy makers and regulators to maintain the sensitive balance within the policy triangle of reliability, affordability and sustainability as power systems rapidly change. Failures in choosing the right institutions and regulatory frameworks to operate and build networks will put the sensitive balance within the policy triangle at risk. “Too complex for a resource?” identifies the key challenges the electricity distribution and transmission networks face today and in the future. It further provides for best practice examples on institutional design choices and regulatory frameworks for sound network service provision but also highlights the importance of additional responses required. More market-based and dynamic frameworks for various system services, the growing need for active service participation of renewable generators and highly independent and transparent central operators seem to be at the heart of these responses. “Too complex for a resource?” finds that the answer to the challenges ahead is not always more infrastructure and that networks and the services they provide have to be regarded as equal part of the total power system. Thus, accurate and dynamic cost allocation can significantly support to transform public good-type network services into resources with market values.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (114 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/insights/insightpublications/name,43756,en.html
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    Production Costs of Alternative Transportation Fuels : Influence of Crude Oil Price and Technology Maturity (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: This study examines the production costs of a range of transport fuels and energy carriers under varying crude oil price assumptions and technology market maturation levels. An engineering “bottom-up” approach is used to estimate the effect of the input cost of oil and of various technological assumptions on the finished price of these fuels. In total, the production costs of 20 fuels are examined for crude oil prices between USD 60 and USD 150 per barrel. Some fuel pathways can be competitive with oil as their production, transport and storage technology matures, and as oil price increases. Rising oil prices will offer new opportunities to switch to alternative fuels for transport, to diversify the energy mix of the transport sector, and to reduce the exposure of the whole system to price volatility and potential distuption of supply. In a time of uncertainty about the leading vehicle technology to decarbonize the transport sector, looking at the fuel cost brings key information to be considered to keep mobility affordable yet sustainable.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/name,43708,en.html
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    Technology Roadmap : Energy Efficient Building Envelopes (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: The building envelope – also known as the building shell, fabric or enclosure – is the boundary between the conditioned interior of a building and the outdoors. The energy performance of building envelope components, including external walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, windows and doors, is critical in determining how much energy is required for heating and cooling. The building envelope’s impact on energy consumption should not be underestimated: globally, space heating and cooling account for over one-third of all energy consumed in buildings, rising to as much as 50% in cold climates and over 60% in the residential sub-sector in cold climate countries. Overall, buildings are responsible for more than one-third of global energy consumption. While whole-building approaches are ideal, every day building envelope components are upgraded or replaced using technologies that are less efficient than the best options available. These advanced options, which are the primary focus of this roadmap, are needed not only to support whole-building approaches but also to improve the energy efficiency of individual components.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/technology-roadmap-energy-efficient-building-envelopes.html
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    World Energy Outlook Special Report 2013 : Redrawing the Energy Climate Map (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Governments have decided collectively that the world needs to limit the average global temperature increase to no more than 2°C and international negotiations are engaged to that end. Yet any resulting agreement will not emerge before 2015 and new legal obligations will not begin before 2020. Meanwhile, despite many countries taking new actions, the world is drifting further and further from the track it needs to follow. The energy sector is the single largest source of climate-changing greenhouse-gas emissions and limiting these is an essential focus of action. The World Energy Outlook has published detailed analysis of the energy contribution to climate change for many years. But, amid major international economic preoccupations, there are worrying signs that the issue of climate change has slipped down the policy agenda. This Special Report seeks to bring it right back on top by showing that the dilemma can be tackled at no net economic cost.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/weo-special-report-2013-redrawing-the-energy-climate-map.html
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    Methods to Assess Geological CO2 Storage Capacity : Status and Best Practice (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: To understand the emission reduction potential of carbon capture and storage (CCS), decision makers need to understand the amount of CO2 that can be safely stored in the subsurface and the geographical distribution of storage resources. Estimates of storage resources need to be made using reliable and consistent methods. Previous estimates of CO2 storage potential for a range of countries and regions have been based on a variety of methodologies resulting in a correspondingly wide range of estimates. Consequently, there has been uncertainty about which of the methodologies were most appropriate in given settings, and whether the estimates produced by these methods were useful to policy makers trying to determine the appropriate role of CCS. In 2011, the IEA convened two workshops which brought together experts for six national surveys organisations to review CO2 storage assessment methodologies and make recommendations on how to harmonise CO2 storage estimates worldwide. This report presents the findings of these workshops and an internationally shared guideline for quantifying CO2 storage resources.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/methods-to-assess-geological-co2-storage-capacity-status-and-best-practice.html
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    Energy Efficiency Market Report 2013 (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Energy efficiency has been referred to as a "hidden fuel", one that extends energy supplies, increases energy security, lowers carbon emissions and generally supports sustainable economic growth. Yet it is hiding in plain sight: in 2011, investments in the energy efficiency market globally were at a similar scale to those in renewable energy or fossil-fuel power generation. The Energy Efficiency Market Report provides a practical basis for understanding energy efficiency market activities, a review of the methodological and practical challenges associated with measuring the market and its components, and statistical analysis of energy efficiency and its impact on energy demand. It also highlights a specific technology sector in which there is significant energy efficiency market activity, in this instance appliances and ICT. The report presents a selection of country case studies that illustrate current energy efficiency markets in specific sectors, and how they may evolve in the medium term. The energy efficiency market is diffuse, varied and involves all energy-consuming sectors of the economy. A comprehensive overview of market activity is complicated by the challenges associated with quantifying the components of the market and the paucity of comparable reported data. This report underscores how vital high-quality and timely energy efficiency data is to understanding this market. This first Energy Efficiency Market Report sits alongside IEA market reports for oil, gas, coal and renewable energy, highlighting its place as a major energy resource. It summarises in one place the trends and prospects for investment and energy cost savings in the medium term, up to 2020.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (278 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/energy-efficiency-market-report-2013.html
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    Global Action to Advance Carbon Capture and Storage (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Representing one-fifth of total global CO2 emissions currently, industrial sectors such as cement, iron and steel, chemicals and refining are expected to emit even more CO2 over the coming decades. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is currently the only large-scale mitigation option available to cut the emissions intensity of production by over 50% in these sectors. CCS is already proven in some industrial sectors, such as natural gas processing. Yet, the commercial-scale demonstration stage in key sectors such as iron and steel, cement or some processes in the refining sector has not been reached. To achieve decarbonisation goals, policy makers must pay more attention to industrial applications of CCS, while not undermining the global competitiveness of these sectors.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/global-action-to-advance-carbon-capture-and-storage.html
    Language: English
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    Policy Pathways : Modernising Building Energy Codes (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Buildings are the largest consumers of energy worldwide and will continue to be a source of increasing energy demand in the future. Globally, the sector’s final energy consumption doubled between 1971 and 2010 to reach 2 794 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe), driven primarily by population increase and economic growth. Under current policies, the global energy demand of buildings is projected by the IEA experts to grow by an additional 838 Mtoe by 2035 compared to 2010. The challenges of the projected increase of energy consumption due to the built environment vary by country. In IEA member countries, much of the future buildings stock is already in place, and so the main challenge is to renovate existing buildings stock. In non-IEA countries, more than half of the buildings stock needed by 2050 has yet to be built. The IEA and the UNDP partnered to analyse current practices in the design and implementation of building energy codes. The aim is to consolidate existing efforts and to encourage more attention to the role of the built environment in a low-carbon and climate-resilient world. This joint IEA-UNDP Policy Pathway aims to share lessons learned between IEA member countries and non-IEA countries. The objective is to spread best practices, limit pressures on global energy supply, improve energy security, and contribute to environmental sustainability. Part of the IEA Policy Pathway series, Modernising building energy codes to secure our global energy future sets out key steps in planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. The Policy Pathway series aims to help policy makers implement the IEA 25 Energy Efficiency Policy Recommendations endorsed by IEA Ministers (2011).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (74 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/policy-pathways-modernising-building-energy-codes.html
    Language: English
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    Tracking Clean Energy Progress 2013 (2013)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Tracking Clean Energy Progress 2013 (TCEP 2013) examines progress in the development and deployment of key clean energy technologies. Each technology and sector is tracked against interim 2020 targets in the IEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 2°C scenario, which lays out pathways to a sustainable energy system in 2050. Stark message emerge: progress has not been fast enough; large market failures are preventing clean energy solutions from being taken up; considerable energy efficiency remains untapped; policies need to better address the energy system as a whole; and energy-related research, development and demonstration need to accelerate. Alongside these grim conclusions there is positive news. In 2012, hybrid-electric vehicle sales passed the 1 million mark. Solar photovoltaic systems were being installed at a record pace. The costs of most clean energy technologies fell more rapidly than anticipated. TCEP 2013 provides targeted recommendations to policy makers on how to scale up deployment of these key technologies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/tracking-clean-energy-progress-2013.html
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    Deformation and Gravity Change, Volume III : Indicators of Isostasy, Tectonics, Volcanism, and Climate Change (2012)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
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    Keywords: analysis of GPS measurements ; elliptical model for deformation ; ground and space geodesy ; ice-mass change ; time-variable gravity fields
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is the third of a series highlighting this topic of major importance for recent developments in geodynamics. Temporal variation of deformation and gravity fields recorded by geodetic measuring techniques (either from ground surface or space) and reflecting isostatic, tectonic or volcanic processes in the earth's interior as well as hydrologic, oceanographic or climatic processes, have made a basic tool for research and monitoring. Part of the papers collected in this topical volume were presented at the 3rd Workshop on “Deformation and Gravity Change: Indicators of Isostasy, Tectonics, Volcanism and Climate Change” which took place at the Casa de los Volcanes on Lanzarote, Spain, during February 23-26, 2009. The book addresses researchers and graduate students in the Earth sciences, who are interested in surface and crustal processes, as well as geotechnical engineers.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (209 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034804608
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/169/8/
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    Brittle Deformation of Solid and Granular Materials with Applications to Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faults (2012)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
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    Keywords: brittle damage ; dynamics of earth materials ; earthquake fault zones ; granular mechanics ; nonlinear deformation
    Description / Table of Contents: Earthquake fault zones exhibit hierarchical damage and granular structures with evolving geometrical and material properties. Understanding how repeated brittle deformation form the structures and how the structures affect subsequent earthquakes is a rich problem involving coupling of various processes that operate over broad space and time scales. The diverse state-of-the-art papers collected here show how insight can come from many fields including statistical physics, structural geology and rock mechanics at large scales; elasticity, friction and nonlinear continuum mechanics at intermediate scales; and fracture mechanics, granular mechanics and surface physics at small scales. This volume will be useful to students and professional researchers from Earth Sciences, Material Sciences, Engineering, Physics and other disciplines, who are interested in the properties of natural fault zones and the processes that occur between and during earthquakes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 302 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034802536
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/168/12/
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    Partner Country Series - Gas Pricing : China’s Challenges and IEA Experience (2012)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: China will play a positive role in the global development of gas, the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) Executive Director, Maria Van der Hoeven has said in Beijing on 11 September, 2012 when launching a new IEA report: Gas Pricing and Regulation, China’s challenges and IEA experiences. In line with its aim to meet growing energy demand while shifting away from coal, China has set an ambitious goal of doubling its use of natural gas from 2011 levels by 2015. Prospects are good for significant new supplies – both domestic and imported, conventional and unconventional – to come online in the medium-term, but notable challenges remain, particularly concerning gas pricing and the institutional and regulatory landscape. While China’s circumstances are, in many respects unique, some current issues are similar to those a number of IEA countries have faced. This report highlights some key challenges China faces in its transition to greater reliance on natural gas, then explores in detail relevant experiences from IEA countries, particularly in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the United States as well as the European Union (EU). Preliminary suggestions about how lessons learned in other countries could be applied to China’s situation are offered as well. The aim of this report is to provide stakeholders in China with a useful reference as they consider decisions about the evolution of the gas sector in their country. The report is funded by the UK Strategic Programme Fund programme , and the EU delegation in Beijing and the World Bank have provided in-kind contributions. The project is supported by the Chinese government and co-implemented by China 5E.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/partner-country-series---gas-pricing---chinas-challenges-and-iea-experience.html
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    Policy Pathways : Joint Public-Private Approaches for Energy-Efficiency Finance (2012)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: This Policy Pathway outlines, through the experiences and lessons learned from country examples, the critical elements to put in place a public-private partnership to finance energy efficiency. It focuses on three mechanisms - dedicated credit lines, risk guarantees, and energy performance service contracts and presents the planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating phases of implemention. Accelerating and scaling up private investment in energy efficiency is crucial to exploit the potential of energy efficiency. However many barriers remain to private investment such as access to capital, uncertainty of future energy prices, transaction costs, perceived higher risk, and lack of knowledge. As part of the IEA 25 Energy Efficiency Policy Recommendations, the IEA recommends that governments support private investment in energy efficiency. A joint public-private approach can use public finance and regulatory policy to support the scaling up of private investment in energy efficiency. The IEA is grateful for the support of the EBRD Shareholder Special Fund for this work.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (78 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/policy-pathways-joint-public-private-approaches-for-energy-efficiency-finance.html
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    Technology Roadmap : High-Efficiency, Low-Emissions Coal-Fired Power Generation (2012)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Coal is the largest source of power globally and, given its wide availability and relatively low cost, it is likely to remain so for the foreseeable future. The High-Efficiency, Low-Emissions Coal-Fired Power Generation Roadmap describes the steps necessary to adopt and further develop technologies to improve the efficiency of the global fleet of coal. To generate the same amount of electricity, a more efficient coal-fired unit will burn less fuel, emit less carbon, release less local air pollutants, consume less water and have a smaller footprint. High-efficiency, low emissions (HELE) technologies in operation already reach a thermal efficiency of 45%, and technologies in development promise even higher values. This compares with a global average efficiency for today’s fleet of coal-fired plants of 33%, where three-quarters of operating units use less efficient technologies and more than half is over 25 years old. A successful outcome to ongoing RD&D could see units with efficiencies approaching 50% or even higher demonstrated within the next decade. Generation from older, less efficient technology must gradually be phased out. Technologies exist to make coal-fired power generation much more effective and cleaner burning. Of course, while increased efficiency has a major role to play in reducing emissions, particularly over the next 10 years, carbon capture and storage (CCS) will be essential in the longer term to make the deep cuts in carbon emissions required for a low-carbon future. Combined with CCS, HELE technologies can cut CO2 emissions from coal-fired power generation plants by as much as 90%, to less than 100 grams per kilowatt-hour. HELE technologies will be an influential factor in the deployment of CCS. For the same power output, a higher efficiency coal plant will require less CO2 to be captured; this means a smaller, less costly capture plant; lower operating costs; and less CO2 to be transported and stored.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/technology-roadmap-high-efficiency-low-emissions-coal-fired-power-generation.html
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    Tracking Progress in Carbon Capture and Storage (2012)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: At the second Clean Energy Ministerial in Abu Dhabi, April 2011 (CEM 2), the Carbon Capture, Use and Storage Action Group (CCUS AG) presented seven substantive recommendations to Energy Ministers on concrete, near-term actions to accelerate global carbon capture and storage (CCS) deployment. Twelve CCUS AG governments agreed to advance progress against the 2011 recommendations by the third Clean Energy Ministerial (London, 25-26 April 2012) (CEM 3). Following CEM 2, the CCUS AG requested the IEA and the Global CCS Institute to report on progress made against the 2011 recommendations at CEM 3. Tracking Progress in Carbon Capture and Storage: International Energy Agency/Global CCS Institute report to the third Clean Energy Ministerial responds to that request. The report considers a number of key questions. Taken as a whole, what advancements have committed CCUS AG governments made against the 2011 recommendations since CEM 2? How can Energy Ministers continue to drive progress to enable CCS to fully contribute to climate change mitigation? While urgent further action is required in all areas, are there particular areas that are currently receiving less policy attention than others, where efforts could be redoubled? The report concludes that, despite developments in some areas, significant further work is required. CCS financing and industrial applications continue to represent a particularly serious challenge.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (19 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/tracking-progress-in-carbon-capture-and-storage.html
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    Medium-Term Gas Market Report 2012 (2012)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: With ample recoverable resources, natural gas seems destined for a bright future. It nevertheless faces many challenges to increase its share in the primary energy mix, including insufficient upstream development, inadequate pricing structure, competition from other fuels, and geopolitical issues. The new IEA Medium-Term Gas Market Report reviews how gas markets managed the challenges of 2011, from the consequences of the Fukushima incident to the unrest in the Middle East and North Africa to a further deteriorating economy. It gives detailed gas supply, demand and trade forecasts up to 2017, by region as well as for key countries, while investigating many of today’s crucial questions: - Will regional gas markets diverge further or will the shale gas revolution spread worldwide? - Will North America become a significant LNG exporter? - Can China meet its goal of doubling gas consumption in four years? - Will natural gas replace nuclear energy in key OECD member countries? - Can gas finally overtake coal in the US power sector? - Can a spot price emerge in Asia? Amid a fragile economy and widely diverging regional gas prices, the report provides an in-depth look at future changes in trade patterns as markets absorb a second wave of LNG supply. The Medium-Term Gas Market Report tests the upper limit of gas demand in the United States, analyses European gas consumption's struggle to recover, and assesses the potential of new suppliers.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/medium-term-gas-market-report-2012.html
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    Technology Roadmap : Bioenergy for Heat and Power (2012)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: The Technology Roadmap Bioenergy for Heat and Power highlights the importance of bioenergy in providing heat in the buildings sector and in industry, and shows what contribution it could make to meeting steadlily growing world electricity demand. The critical role of sustainability as well as the importance of international trade in meeting the projected demand for bioenergy, are highlighted in the roadmap, as well as the need for large-scale biomass plants in providing The roadmap identifies key actions by different stakeholders in the bioenergy sector, and sets out milestones for technology development in order to achieve a doubling of global bioenergy supply by 2050. It addresses the need for further R&D efforts, highlights measures to ensure sustainability of biomass production, and underlines the need for international collaboration to enhance the production and use of sustainable, modern bioenergy in different world regions.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/name-27281-en.html
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    Policy Pathways : Energy Management Programmes for Industry - Gaining through saving (2012)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: The IEA Policy Pathway publications provide details on how to implement specific recommendations drawn from the IEA 25 Energy Efficiency Policy Recommendations. This Policy Pathway, jointly produced by the International Energy Agency and the Institute for Industrial Productivity, develops the critical steps for policy makers implementing energy management programmes for industry. Optimising energy use in industry is essential to improve industrial competitiveness and achieve wider societal goals such as energy security, economic recovery and development, climate change mitigation and environmental protection.While there is significant potential to decrease energy consumption in this sector, opportunities to improve energy efficiency are still under-exploited. Energy management programmes have shown to be instrumental in addressing many of the barriers that inhibit wide-scale uptake of energy management in industry. The Policy Pathway builds on lessons learned from country experiences and provides actionable guidance on how to plan and design, implement, evaluate and monitor energy management programmes for industry.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/policy-pathways-energy-management-programmes-for-industry.html
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    Technology Roadmap : Hydropower (2012)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Hydropower could double its contribution by 2050, reaching 2,000 GW of global capacity and over 7,000 TWh. This achievement, driven primarily by the quest of clean electricity, could prevent annual emissions of up to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 from fossil-fuel plants. The bulk of this growth would come from large plants in emerging economies and developing countries. Hydroelectricity’s many advantages include reliability, proven technology, large storage capacity, and very low operating and maintenance costs. Hydropower is highly flexible, a precious asset for electricity network operators, especially given rapid expansion of variable generation from other renewable energy technologies such as wind power and photovoltaics. Many hydropower plants also provide flood control, irrigation, navigation and freshwater supply. The technology roadmap for Hydropower details action needed from policy makers to allow hydroelectric production to double, and addresses necessary conditions, including resolving environmental issues and gaining public acceptance.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/name-32864-en.html
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    Technology Roadmap : Solar Heating and Cooling (2012)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: The solar heating and cooling (SHC) roadmap outlines a pathway for solar energy to supply almost one sixth (16.5 EJ) of the world’s total energy use for both heating and cooling by 2050. This would save some 800 megatonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per year; more than the total CO2 emissions in Germany in 2009. While solar heating and cooling today makes a modest contribution to world energy demand, the roadmap envisages that if concerted action is taken by governments and industry, solar energy could annually produce more than 16% of total final energy use for low temperature heat and nearly 17% for cooling. Given that global energy demand for heat represents almost half of the world’s final energy use – more than the combined global demand for electricity and transport – solar heat can make a significant contribution in both tackling climate change and strengthening energy security.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (50 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/name-28277-en.html
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    Data Assimilation and its Applications (2012)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
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    Keywords: Bayesian and non-Bayesian techniques ; application to meteorology, ocean and air quality ; genetic algorithm ; multidimensional variational methods ; novel estimation methods for environmental variables
    Description / Table of Contents: Data assimilation is a novel, versatile methodology for estimating atmospheric and oceanic variables. The estimation of a quantity of interest via data assimilation involves the combination of observational data with the underlying dynamical principles governing the system under observation. This volume contains many original findings in data assimilation and its applications related to atmospheric, oceanic and environmental systems. This covers various data assimilation techniques with in Bayesian and non-Bayesian framework ranging from Least-Square, nudging, three dimensional variational (3DVAR), four-dimensional variational (4DVAR), Local Ensemble Kalman filter, Genetic algorithm etc. This also covers the applications to extreme weather event, hurricane, Asian summer monsoon, structure of the barrier layer in the equatorial Pacific ocean and identification of emission sources. This volume will be useful as a reading material in graduate level courses dealing with data assimilation and its application to meteorology, ocean and air quality. The scientific community at large especially younger scientists will find this book a useful addition to their personal and institutional libraries.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 286 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034804417
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/169/3/
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    Tsunamis in the World Ocean: Past, Present and Future, Volume II (2012)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
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    Keywords: Tsunami ; Natural Hazards
    Description / Table of Contents: The tsunami from the 1960 Chilean earthquake affected the entire Pacific Ocean and motivated the international coordination of tsunami research and warning systems around the Pacific. However, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami affected the entire world, and reminded that tsunamis are not a local or regional problem but a global issue. This volume contains 15 papers, mostly presented at the 24th International Tsunami Symposium held on 14-16 July 2009 in Novosibirsk, Russia. They reflect the current state of tsunami science, including studies of recent tsunamis, tsunami statistics and warning, and modeling tsunami runup and inundation.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 233 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034802338
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/168/11/
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    World Energy Outlook Special Report 2012 : Iraq Energy Outlook (2012)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Iraq is already the world’s third largest oil exporter. It has the resources and intention to increase its oil production vastly. Contracts are already in place. Will Iraq’s ambitions be realised? And what would the implications be for Iraq’s economy and for world oil markets? The obstacles are formidable: political, logistical, legal, regulatory, financial, lack of security and sufficient skilled labour. One example: in 2011 grid electricity could meet only 55% of demand. The International Energy Agency has studied these issues with the support and close co-operation of the government of Iraq and many other leading officials, commentators, industry representatives and international experts. This special report, in the World Energy Outlook series, presents the findings.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (142 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/weo-special-report-2012---iraq-energy-outlook.html
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    EV City Casebook (2012)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Electric vehicles (EVs) hold the potential of transforming the way the world moves. EVs can increase energy security by diversifying the fuel mix and decreasing dependence on petroleum, while also reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. Just as important, EVs can unlock innovation and create new advanced industries that spur job growth and enhance economic prosperity. However, the mass deployment of EVs will require transportation systems capable of integrating and fostering this new technology. To accelerate this transition, cities and metropolitan regions around the world are creating EV-friendly ecosystems and building the foundation for widespread adoption. In recognition of the importance of urban areas in the introduction and scale-up of electric vehicles, the EV City Casebook presents informative case studies on city and regional EV deployment efforts around the world. These case studies are illustrative examples of how pioneering cities are preparing the ground for mass market EV deployment. They offer both qualitative and quantitative information on cities’ EV goals, progress, policies, incentives, and lessons learned to date. The purpose of the EV City Casebook is to share experiences on EV demonstration and deployment, identify challenges and opportunities, and highlight best practices for creating thriving EV ecosystems. These studies seek to enhance understanding of the most effective policy measures to foster the uptake of electric vehicles in urban areas. The cities represented here are actively engaging in a variety of initiatives that share the goal of accelerating EV adoption. This publication is the result of an effort to coordinate those initiatives and provide a global perspective on the electric vehicle movement. This international knowledge-sharing network consists of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI), a multi-government initiative of the Clean Energy Ministerial; Project Get Ready, a Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) initiative; and the International Energy Agency’s Implementing Agreement for Cooperation on Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technologies and Programmes (HEV IA); with the support of the C40 Cities in partnership with the Clinton Climate Initiative (CCI). In addition, these organizations are collaborating to launch the World EV Cities and Ecosystems web portal, for which the EV City Casebook will provide initial content. This firstof-its-kind website captures EV deployment progress in cities worldwide and will serve as a central hub for harmonizing efforts, leveraging existing resources and participants, and disseminating best EV deployment practices to global stakeholders. By working together and sharing knowledge, cities from diverse regions and countries will realize the benefits of electric mobility and achieve a sustainable energy future.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (75 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/ev-city-casebook.html
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    CCS Retrofit : Analysis of the Global Installed Power Plant Fleet (2012)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Electricity generation from coal is still growing rapidly and energy scenarios from the IEA expect a possible increase from today’s 1 600 GW of coal-fired power plants to over 2 600 GW until 2035. This trend will increase the lock-in of carbon intensive electricity sources, while IEA assessments show that two-thirds of total abatement from all sectors should come from the power sector alone to support a least-cost abatement strategy. Since coal-fired power plants have a fairly long lifetime, and in order to meet climate constraints, there is a need either to apply CCS retrofit to some of today’s installed coal-fired power plants once the technology becomes available. Another option would be to retire some plants before the end of their lifetime. This working paper discusses criteria relevant to differentiating between the technical, cost-effective and realistic potential for CCS retrofit. The paper then discusses today’s coal-fired power plant fleet from a statistical perspective, by looking at age, size and the expected performance of today’s plant across several countries. The working paper also highlights the growing demand for applying CCS retrofitting to the coal-fired power plant fleet of the future. In doing so this paper aims at emphasising the need for policy makers, innovators and power plant operators to quickly complete the development of the CCS technology and to identify key countries where retrofit applications will have the biggest extent and impact.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (46 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/ccs-retrofit-analysis-of-the-global-installed-power-plant-fleet.html
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    Medium-Term Renewable Energy Market Report 2012 (2012)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Renewable energy has emerged as a significant source in the global energy mix, accounting for around a fifth of worldwide electricity production. Much of this success has stemmed from economic incentives and significant policy effort by countries, particularly those in the OECD. Massive investment has taken place on a global scale, with costs for most technologies falling steadily. As a result, renewable energy technologies are becoming more economically attractive in an increasing range of countries and circumstances, with China, India and Brazil emerging as leaders in deployment. While renewable energy has been the fastest growing sector of the energy mix in percentage terms, its continued growth will depend upon the evolution of policy and market frameworks. Further technology development, grid and system integration issues and the availability of finance will also weigh as key variables. This new annual IEA publication, Medium-Term Renewable Energy Market Report 2012, provides a key benchmark, assessing the current state of play of renewable energy, identifying the main drivers and barriers to deployment and projecting renewable energy electricity capacity and generation through 2017. Starting with an in-depth analysis of key country-level markets, which represent 80% of renewable electricity generation today, the report examines the prospects for renewable energy finance and provides a global outlook for each renewable electricity technology. The report analyses enablers and barriers to renewable energy deployment in detail, examining larger electricity market issues that have implications for renewable development, including country-level demand projections, anticipated changes in conventional generating capacity and power system integration.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/medium-term-renewable-energy-market-report-2012.html
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    Technology Roadmap : Fuel Economy of Road Vehicles (2012)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: This roadmap explores the potential improvement of existing technologies to enhance the average fuel economy of motorised vehicles; the roadmap’s vision is to achieve a 30% to 50% reduction in fuel use per kilometre from new road vehicles including 2-wheelers, LDV s and HDV s) around the world in 2030, and from the stock of all vehicles on the road by 2050. This achievement would contribute to significant reductions in GHG emissions and oil use, compared to a baseline projection. Different motorised modes are treated separately, with a focus on LDV s, HDV s and powered two-wheelers. A section on in-use fuel economy also addresses technical and nontechnical parameters that could allow fuel economy to drastically improve over the next decades. Technology cost analysis and payback time show that significant progress can be made with low or negative cost for fuel-efficient vehicles over their lifetime use. Even though the latest data analysed by the IEA for fuel economy between 2005 and 2008 showed that a gap exists in achieving the roadmap’s vision, cutting the average fuel economy of road motorised vehicles by 30% to 50% by 2030 is achievable, and the policies and technologies that could help meet this challenge are already deployed in many places around the world. This report has been released in tandem with another report the Policy Pathways: Improving the Fuel Economy of Road Vehicles - A policy package, which describes the policies needed to deploy more fuel economic vehicles in more detail.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (50 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/technology-roadmap-fuel-economy-of-road-vehicles.html
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    Policy Pathways : Improving the Fuel Economy of Road Vehicles - A policy package (2012)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: The transportation sector accounts for approximately one-fifth of global final energy consumption and will account for nearly all future growth in oil use, particularly for road vehicles. The right policy mix can allow countries to improve the fuel economy of road vehicles, which in turn can enhance energy security and reduce CO2 emissions. Improving the Fuel Economy of Road Vehicles highlights lessons learned and examples of good practices from countries with experience in implementing fuel economy policies for vehicles. The report, part of the IEA’s Policy Pathway series, outlines key steps in planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. It complements the IEA Technology Roadmap: Fuel Economy for Road Vehicles, which outlines technical options, potentials, and costs towards improvement in the near, medium and long term. The Policy Pathway series aims to help policy makers implement the IEA 25 Energy Efficiency Policy Recommendations endorsed by IEA Ministers (2011).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (86 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/policy-pathways-improving-the-fuel-economy-of-road-vehicles---a-policy-package.html
    Language: English
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    Medium-Term Oil Market Report 2012 (2012)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Supply shortfalls – from the Libyan civil war in 2011 and international sanctions on Iran in 2012 to a swathe of unplanned non-OPEC output stoppages – have buffeted the oil market, sending prices near 2008 highs and rekindling debate on the role of speculation in fuelling volatility. There have also been success stories. Growth in North American light, tight oil and non-conventional supply has reached game-changing levels. Iraqi production has scaled new heights, the Libyan production recovery in 2012 defied expectations and Saudi output surged to 30-year highs. On the demand front, the economic recovery has lost momentum. Market share continues to shift from mature to newly industrialised economies, but amid persistent concerns about the health of the former; China, the leading engine of oil demand growth of the last 15 years, is giving signs of slowdown. Those developments have challenged earlier assumptions and significantly changed the oil market outlook for the next five years. The IEA Medium-Term Oil Market Report (MTOMR) – companion to the monthly OMR – draws their implications for the future. It provides detailed projections for oil supply at field level, crude quality trends, demand by product, refined product output and oil investments through 2017. It examines oil price formation, regulatory changes, OPEC dynamics and the future of spare capacity – while also reviewing the contribution of new supplies from deepwater, light tight oil, biofuel and natural gas liquids. It explores how market changes are reshaping the refining industry – and what that means for trade flows. At a time of heightened economic and geopolitical risk, MTOMR is essential reading for anyone interested in oil market dynamics and in understanding the oil market context in which these risks are playing out.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/medium-term-oil-market-report-2012.html
    Language: English
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    Securing Power during the Transition (2012)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Electricity security has been a priority of energy policy for decades due to the dependence of modern society on ongoing supply of electricity. Only a few years ago there was confidence that liberalised electricity markets in IEA member countries could deliver sufficient and timely generation investments needed to ensure security of supply. However, policies to decarbonise electricity systems have served to magnify investment risk and uncertainty. At the same time as renewable support schemes have proven effective in facilitating deployment of wind and solar photovoltaics, they also introduce new challenges to design a stable regulatory framework and well-functioning markets. “Securing Power during the Transition”, a report in the Electricity Security Action Plan series, assesses the threats and identifies options for competitive electricity markets embarking on the transition towards generating electricity from low-carbon sources . The analysis covers the impact of the global economic and financial situation, energy policy context and the implications for electricity market design. Its objective is to identify opportunities to improve regulatory and market designs to create a framework for timely and adequate investment, with a particular focus on conventional power plants.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 Seiten)
    URL: www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/securing-power-during-the-transition.html
    Language: English
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    Fog and Dew Observations and Modeling (2012)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
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    Keywords: chemical composition of dew ; fog microphysics ; fog simulations ; remote sensing ; temporal and spatial variation of fog
    Description / Table of Contents: This topical issue of the Journal of Pure and Applied Geophysics focuses on research related to dew and various types of fog occurring around the globe which was presented on July 25-30, 2010, at the 5th International Conference on Fog, Fog Collection, and Dew in Münster, Germany. The areas of knowledge in this field include surface in-situ and remote sensing observations of fog, dew, fog collection, applications of the various fog models (such as 1D, 2D, and 3D fog and forecasting models), microphysical parameterizations, and climatology. This volume gives a very good review of the existing knowledge and highlights the remaining difficulties in predicting and measuring fog at various scales of time and space. It also represents an important step in the direction of addressing new scientific challenges in fog and dew related research, teaching, and operational applications. Students as well as researchers, who are interested either in fog, in association with cloud physics, physical meteorology, aviation meteorology, climatology, weather forecasting and nowcasting, or in other adjacent disciplines like hydrometeorology, environment, and agriculture, will benefit from consulting and reading this topical issue. This publication was significantly supported by the Canadian National Search And Rescue (SAR) Secretariat by funding the Fog Remote Sensing and Modeling (FRAM) Project led by Dr. Ismail Gultepe since 2005.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 408 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034804561
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/169/5/
    Language: English
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    A Policy Strategy for Carbon Capture and Storage (2012)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Successful deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) is critically dependent on comprehensive policy support. While policy plays an important role in the deployment of many low-carbon technologies, it is especially crucial for CCS. This is because, in contrast to renewable energy or applications of energy efficiency, CCS generates no revenue, nor other market benefits, so long as there is no price on CO2 emissions. It is both costly to install and, once in place, has increased operating costs. Effective, well-designed policy support is essential in overcoming these barriers and the subsequent deployment of CCS technology. This guide for policy makers aims to assist those involved in designing national and international policies around CCS. It covers development of CCS from its early stages through to wide-scale deployment of the technology. The focus is both on incentives for conventional fossil-fuel CCS and for bioenergy with CCS (BECCS).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (56 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/a-policy-strategy-for-carbon-capture-and-storage.html
    Language: English
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    Electricity in a Climate-Constrained World : Data & Analyses (2012)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: After experiencing a historic drop in 2009, electricity generation reached a record high in 2010, confirming the close linkage between economic growth and electricity usage. Unfortunately, CO2 emissions from electricity have also resumed their growth: Electricity remains the single-largest source of CO2 emissions from energy, with 11.7 billion tonnes of CO2 released in 2010. The imperative to “decarbonise” electricity and improve end-use efficiency remains essential to the global fight against climate change. The IEA Electricity in a Climate-Constrained World provides an authoritative resource on progress to date in this area, including statistics related to CO2 and the electricity sector across ten regions of the world (supply, end-use and capacity additions). It also presents topical analyses on the challenge of rapidly curbing CO2 emissions from electricity. Looking at policy instruments, it focuses on emissions trading in China, using energy efficiency to manage electricity supply crises and combining policy instruments for effective CO2 reductions. On regulatory issues, it asks whether deregulation can deliver decarbonisation and assesses the role of state-owned enterprises in emerging economies. And from technology perspectives, it explores the rise of new end-uses, the role of electricity storage, biomass use in Brazil, and the potential of carbon capture and storage for ‘negative emissions’ electricity supply.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (118 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/electricity-in-a-climate-constrained-world---data--analyses.html
    Language: English
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    Tsunamis in the World Ocean: Past, Present and Future, Volume I (2011)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
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    Keywords: Tsunami ; Natural Hazards
    Description / Table of Contents: The Tsunami from the 1960 Chilean earthquake affected the entire Pacific Ocean and motivated the international coordination on tsunami research and warning systems around the Pacific. However, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami affected the entire world, and reminded that tsunamis are not a local or regional problem but a global issue. This volume contains 18 papers, mostly presented at the 24th International Tsunami Symposium held in 14-16 July 2009. They reflect the current state of tsunami science, including case studies of earthquake-generated tsunamis, tsunami forecasting and hazard assessments, and theoretical and computational modeling of tsunami generation, propagation and coastal behavior.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (290 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034801874
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/168/6/
    Language: English
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    Geodynamics of the Mexican Pacific Margin (2011)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
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    Description / Table of Contents: “Geodynamics of the Mexican Pacific Margin” presents the results of studies from various disciplines whose common goal is to better understand the complex geodynamic processes that exist along the Pacific margin of Mexico. The seventeen papers include contributions in the fields of seismology, marine geophysics, geomorphology, petrology, geodesy, and subductology presented by investigators from Mexico, France, Spain, and the USA. These contributions illustrate why the Mexican Pacific margin is fertile ground for investigating a wide and rare combination of current geodynamic processes such as subduction, continental rifting and associated seismicity, deformations and magmatism. The volume will be useful to a diverse group of investigators whose interests include the geodynamics of western Mexico in particular, and geodynamics in general.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034801966
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/168/8/
    Language: English
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    Summing up the parts (2011)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Meeting the enormous challenge of decarbonising world energy systems will require a rapid expansion of investment in clean technologies on a global scale. Mobilising these resources will be a daunting task, and it is important to undertake the transition at the lowest cost possible. This paper seeks to provide some guidance on climate change policy-making within real-world constraints, focusing on the justification of policies to supplement a carbon price, interactions between carbon pricing and supplementary policies, and management of these interactions to enable a least-cost policy response.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (70 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/summing-up-the-parts.html
    Language: English
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    Solar Energy Perspectives (2011)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: In 90 minutes, enough sunlight strikes the earth to provide the entire planet's energy needs for one year. While solar energy is abundant, it represents a tiny fraction of the world’s current energy mix. But this is changing rapidly and is being driven by global action to improve energy access and supply security, and to mitigate climate change. Around the world, countries and companies are investing in solar generation capacity on an unprecedented scale, and, as a consequence, costs continue to fall and technologies improve. This publication gives an authoritative view of these technologies and market trends, in both advanced and developing economies, while providing examples of the best and most advanced practices. It also provides a unique guide for policy makers, industry representatives and concerned stakeholders on how best to use, combine and successfully promote the major categories of solar energy: solar heating and cooling, photovoltaic and solar thermal electricity, as well as solar fuels. Finally, in analysing the likely evolution of electricity and energy-consuming sectors – buildings, industry and transport – it explores the leading role solar energy could play in the long-term future of our energy system.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/solar-energy-perspectives.html
    Language: English
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    Power Generation from Coal 2011 (2011)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: This report focuses mainly on developments to improve the performance of coal-based power generation technologies, which should be a priority – particularly if carbon capture and storage takes longer to become established than currently projected. A close look is taken of the major ongoing developments in process technology, plant equipment, instrumentation and control. Coal is an important source of energy for the world, particularly for power generation. To meet the growth in demand for energy over the past decade, the contribution from coal has exceeded that of any other energy source. Additionally, coal has contributed almost half of total growth in electricity over the past decade. As a result, CO2 emissions from coal-fired power generation have increased markedly and continue to rise. More than 70% of CO2 emissions that arise from power generation are attributed to coal. To play its role in a sustainable energy future, its environmental footprint must be reduced; using coal more efficiently is an important first step. Beyond efficiency improvement, carbon capture and storage (CCS) must be deployed to make deep cuts in CO2 emissions. This report focuses mainly on developments to improve the performance of coal-based power generation technologies, which should be a priority – particularly if carbon capture and storage takes longer to become established than currently projected. A close look is taken of the major ongoing developments in process technology, plant equipment, instrumentation and control. The need for energy and the economics of producing and supplying it to the end-user are central considerations in power plant construction and operation. Economic and regulatory conditions must be made consistent with the ambition to achieve higher efficiencies and lower emissions. In essence, clean coal technologies must be more widely deployed.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (56 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/power-generation-from-coal-2011.html
    Language: English
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    Technology Roadmap : Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (EV/PHEV) (2011)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Description / Table of Contents: Electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles (EVs and PHEVs), if coupled with low greenhouse gas (GHG) electricity generation, can help cut energy (particularly petroleum) use and CO2 significantly, especially in the 2030-2050 timeframe – but key actions must begin now to achieve interim targets and thus substantial market shares in the long-term. The vision of this roadmap is to achieve widespread adoption and use of EVs and PHEVs worldwide by 2050, and if possible well before. The primary role of this EV/PHEV Roadmap is to help establish a vision for technology deployment; set approximate, feasible targets; and identify steps required to get there. It also outlines the role for different stakeholders and how they can work together to reach common objectives, and the role for government policy to support the process. The analysis in the roadmap is based on IEA’s ETP 2DS scenario, updated in the IEA report Transport, Energy and CO2: Moving Toward Sustainability (Autumn 2009). This scenario targets a 50% reduction in CO2 worldwide by 2050 relative to 2005 levels. For transport, a 30% reduction is achieved via efficiency improvements, along with the introduction of new types of vehicles and fuels. For EVs and PHEVs, sales begin to grow rapidly after 2015 and reach a combined 7 million per year by 2020, and 100 million by 2050, over half of all cars sold around the world in that year.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/technology-roadmap-electric-and-plug-in-hybrid-electric-vehicles-evphev.html
    Language: English
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    Renewable Energy : Markets and Prospects by Regions (2011)
    Paris : IEA Publications
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    Keywords: renewable energy
    Description / Table of Contents: This information paper accompanies the IEA publication Deploying Renewables 2011: Best and Future Policy Practice (IEA, 2011a). It provides more detailed data and analysis on policies for Deploying Renewables and is intended to complement the main publication. It provides an in-depth account of the regional markets and policy trends in all six focus regions; 56 countries in total. Each region is discussed with regards to: recent market developments in the electricity, heat and transport sector policy developments IEA projections an analysis of the mid-term (2030) potential of renewable energy technologies in these regions, and an analysis of the strategic drivers underpinning the deployment of RE in each region
    Pages: Online-Ressource (122 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/renewable-energy-markets-and-prospects-by-regions.html
    Language: English
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