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  • Other Sources  (218)
  • Articles (OceanRep)  (206)
  • CITATION GEO-LEO  (12)
  • 1985-1989  (218)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1987  (218)
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  • 1985-1989  (218)
  • 1960-1964
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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Publication Date: 2023-01-18
    Description: Mit Hilfe geomagnetischer Messungen in Kesseltälern im Vulkanfeld der Westeifel konnten 15 bisher weitgehend unbekannte Maare nachgewiesen werden. Der Vergleich mit magnetischen Anomalien von acht jungen Maaren (mit Kraterseen) aus dem Vulkanfeld der Westeifel sowie mit der Anomalie des 1977 entstandenen Ukinrek-Ost- Maares (Alaska) ergab, daß hochwertige magnetische Störfelder auf zusedimentierte Schlackenkegel in den ehemaligen Kraterböden bzw. auf Randintrusionen im Schlot hinweisen. Danach sind fast die Hälfte der untersuchten Maare nicht rein phreatomagmatisch entstanden, sondern weisen während den Eruptionen oder am Ende der Eruptionstätigkeit „normal" entgasenden Magmenaufstieg auf.
    Description: Abstract: In the volcanic area of the Westeifel the results of geomagnetic surveys within local crater-shaped enlargements of valleys prove the existence of 15 maars which have been unknown so far. Taking into account the magnetic anomalies of eight young Westeifelian maars (with crater lakes) and the anomaly of Eastern Ukinrek Maar, which was formed in 1977, it can be inferred that strong magnetic anomalies are associated with sediment- covered scoria cones on the former crater bottom and/or with marginal intrusions within the diatremes. This leads to the conclusion that almost half of the investigated maars do not have a solely phreatomagmatic origin, but exhibit normally' degassing rising magma during the eruptions or during the final stages of eruption activity.
    Description: Inhalt 1. Einleitung 2. Geomagnetische Untersuchungen 2.1. Neu erfaßte Maare 2.1.1. Schönfelder Maar 2.1.2. Dehner Maar 2.1.3. Merscheider Maar 2.1.4. Aueler Maar 2.1.5. Rother Maar 2.1.6. Maar am Römerhof 2.1.7. Kirchweiler Maar 2.1.8. Brücker Maar 2.1.9. In der Boos. 2.1.10. Steinborner Maar 2.1.11. Wallenborner Maar 2.1.12. Oberstadtfelder Maar 2.1.13. Niederstadtfelder Maar 2.1.15. Wispelter Maar 2.2. Maare mit Kraterseen 2.2.1. Meerfelder Maar 2.2.2. Pulvermaar 2.2.3. Ulmener Maar 2.2.4. Dauner Maare 2.2.5. Holzmaar 2.2.6. Immerather Maar 2.3. Ukinrek-Ost-Maar (Alaska) 3. Synthese Schrifte
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:551.210901 ; Eifel ; Vulkanismus ; Maare ; Geophysik ; Geomagnetik
    Language: German
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-10-21
    Description: In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden zwei Rechenmodelle zur Bilanzierung von Schwermetallen in Böden erläutert: - Zur Bilanzierung der durch Pedogenese veränderten Gehalte in den Horizonten und im Solum homogener Bodenprofile - Zur Ermittlung der pedogenen sowie der anthropogenen Anreicherung im homogenen bzw. geschichteten Profil gegenüber dem geogenen Gehalt. Darüber hinaus wird eine Überlegung zur Regionalisierung der zu erwartenden geogenen und pedogenen Gehalte sowie der potentiellen Verträglichkeit der Böden gegenüber Schwermetallen angestellt.
    Description: Abstract: Two models to balance heavy metal contents in soils are described: - One model to balance the horizon and solum contents altered by pedogenesis, assuming a homogenous soil profile - One model to calculate the pedogenic and the anthropogenic accumulation in a homogenous or stratified soil profile compared with the average content of the parent material. Beyond this, it is possible to predict with the second model the regional, expected geogenic and pedogenic contents, and the soil adsorption potential to heavy metals.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:631.41
    Language: German
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-08-30
    Description: An zwei rheinland-pfälzischen Beispielen werden Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes der Luftbild- und Satellitenbildauswertung bei der ingenieurgeologischen Untersuchung von Rutschhängen dargestellt. Die Auswertung erfolgt in mehreren Schritten. Zuerst wird im Luftbild eine Analyse der Oberflächenformen durchgeführt und Photolineare werden kartiert; aus der Linearkarte ist danach eine Schollensynthese zu erarbeiten. Die Kartierung von Satellitenbildlinearen bildet den letzten Auswerteschritt. Begleitende Feldbegehungen („ground check”) sind unerläßlich. Es lassen sich neue Erkenntnisse über die Kinematik und die Ursachen der Rutschungen gewinnen.
    Description: Abstract: For engineering-geological investigations of two landslide areas in Rheinland- Pfalz (FRG), aerial photographs and aerospace images (Landsat2 and 5) have been analyzed. The analysis comprises four steps: Morphologic mapping, documentation of photolinears, block synthesis and mapping of Landsat lineations. The obligatory ground checks were made, too. New results of the kinematic patterns and of the genesis of the landslides have been gathered.
    Description: 1. Einleitung ... 136 2. Bildmaterial und Auswertetechnik ... 136 3. Informationsinhalte ... 138 3.1. Flächenhafte Bildelemente. ... 138 3.2. Lineare ... 138 3.3. Synthese von Schollen ... 139 4. Tertiär des Mainzer Beckens: Rutschungen am Wißberg nördlich Gau-Bickelheim ... 139 4.1. Geologische und morphologische Situation...139 4.2. Rutschungen ... 140 4.3. Formenanalyse ... 141 4.A. Linearanalyse ... 144 4.5. Schollensynthese ... 144 4.6. Satellitenbildlineare ... 144 4.7. Ursachen des Gleitbewegungen ... 144 5. Rheinisches Schiefergebirge: Rutschhang östlich Trarbach... 146 5.1. Problemstellung ... 146 5.2. Geologische und morphologische Situation... 146 53. Formenanalyse ... 148 5.4. Linearanalyse ... 149 5.5. Schollensynthese .... 150 5,6. Gleitmechanismus ... 151 5.7. Satellitenbildlineare und Ursachen der Gleitbewegungen ... 152 Schriften ... 154
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-09-16
    Description: Die Tetrapoden des saarpfälzischen Rotliegenden sind mit wenigen Ausnahmen auf folgende, aquatisch-amphibisch lebende Amphibien-Familien beschränkt: Branchiosauridae, Micromelerpetontidae, Actinodontidae, Archegosauridae, Discosauriscidae. Deren Fundhorizonte werden in stratigraphischer Reihenfolge vorgestellt und nach palökologischen Gesichtspunkten gegliedert in: — Lagerstätten großer Seen: Typ Odernheim, Typ Rehborn, Typ Heimkirchen, Typ Rockenhausen, Typ Lebach, Typ Humberg, Typ Jakobsweiler, - Lagerstätten kleinerer Seen: Typ Ruthweiler, Typ Sobernheim, - Lagerstätten des Delta-Topset-Bereiches: Typ St. Wendel. Für das Saar-Nahe-Gebiet läßt sich folgende biostratigraphische Abfolge (von oben nach unten) aufstellen: - Sclerocephalus latirostris-Archegosaurus decheni-Assoziation, - Leptorophus humbergensis-Apateon caducus- Assoziation, - Apateon pedestris-Sclerocephalus haeuseri-Assoziation, - Apateon pedestris-Sclerocephalus bavaricus-Assoziation. Mit Hilfe der Branchiosauridae ergibt sich für das mitteleuropäische Rotliegende folgende biostratigraphische Zonengliederung: - Zone der Apateon pusillus-Gruppe, - Zone der Apateon caducus-Gruppe, - Apateon pedestris-Zone. Eine Korrelation des Rotliegenden mit dem nordamerikanischen, tetrapodenführenden Permokarbon wird versucht.
    Description: Abstract: Thetetrapods ofthe Saar-Pfalz Rotliegend are, with few exceptions, limitedtothe following aquatic-amphibious amphibian families: Branchiosauridae, Micromelerpetontidae, Actinodontidae, Archegosauridae, Discosauriscidae. The fossiliferous horizons concerned are discussed in stratigraphic order and paleoecologically are classified into: - large lake Fossillagerstätten such as Odernheim, Rehborn, Heimkirchen, Rockenhausen, Lebach, Humberg, Jakobsweiler, - small lake Fossillagerstätten such as Ruthweiler, Sobernheim, - delta topset Fossillagerstätten such as St. Wendel. The following biostratigraphic sequence can be established for the Saar-Nahe region from youngest to oldest: - Sclerocephalus latirostris-Archegosaurus decheni association, - Leptorophus humbergensis-Apateon caducus association, - Apateon pedestris-Sclerocephalus haeuseri association, - Apateon pedestris-Sclerocephalus bavaricus association. Based on Branchiosauridae, the following biostratigraphic zonation for the middle European Rotliegend is obtained: - zone of Apateon pusillus group, - zone of Apateon caducus group, - Apateon pedestris zone. A tentative biostratigraphic correlation of the Rotliegend with the North American tetrapod- bearing Permocarboniferous is given.
    Description: 1. Einleitung 2. Systematische Übersicht über die Tetrapoden 3. Bemerkungen zur stratigraphischen Gliederung des saarpfälzischen Rotliegenden 4. Überblick über die Tetrapoden-Lokalitäten 4.1. Altenglan- und Quirnbach-Schichten 4.2. Tiefere Lauterecken-Odernheim-Schichten 4.3. Höhere Lauterecken-Odernheim-Schichten 4.4. Nahe-Gruppe 5. Palökologie der Tetrapoden-Lagerstätten 6. Biostratigraphie der Rotliegend-Tetrapoden Schriften
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:567
    Language: German
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-18
    Description: Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchungen war die Erfordernis, die Standsicherheitsverhältnisse des Naturdenkmals Teufelstisch im Hinblick auf die Gefährdung seiner Besucher zu überprüfen. Für diese Beurteilung war es notwendig, das geometrisch komplizierte Gebilde meßtechnisch exakt zu erfassen; dies wurde durch die Photogrammetrie mit der erforderlichen Genauigkeit erreicht. Außerdem wurden Untersuchungen zur geologisch-petrographischen Beschaffenheit, den geotechnischen Eigenschaften der Gesteine, der Abwitterungsrate und den statischen Verhältnissen durchgeführt. Als Ergebnis läßt sich feststellen, daß in den nächsten Jahrzehnte neine ausreichende Standsicherheit des Teufelstisches gegeben und aufgrund des Verwitterungsfortschrittes keine wesentliche Änderung dieser Situation zu erwarten ist.
    Description: Abstract: Starting point of the investigations was the requirement to study fhe stability of the natural monument "Teufelstisch" (near Hinterweidenthal, SW-Germany) concerning the endangering of its visitors. It was necessary to record the complicated geometric shape; this object was achieved with the required precision by means of photogrammetry. Furthermore investigations were carried through according the geological-petrographical structure, the geotechnical characteristics, the rate of weathering and the statics. As a result the stability of the "Teufelstisch" can be guaranteed for some decades. Looking to the rate of weathering no important change of the present situation can be expected.
    Description: 1. Einleitung 2. Untersuchungsobjekt und Standort 3. Geologischer Aufbau 4. Petrographie 5. Photogrammetrische Vermessung 6. Abmessungen des Teufelstisches 7.Gesteinseigenschaften 8. Überlegungen zur Verwitterungsrate 9. Standsicherheitsbeurteilung Schriften
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:554.3 ; Buntsandstein ; Pfalz ; Verwitterung ; Naturdenkmal ; Petrographie ; Standsicherheit
    Language: German
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-02-12
    Description: Zur Wiedervernässung von Hochmooren wird ein Staukörper aus gewachsenem Hochmoortorf gefordert. Mit repräsentativen Werten der gesättigten Wasserdurchlässigkeit wurden für statische Bedingungen Berechnungen der Sickerwasserverluste in Abhängigkeit unterschiedlicher Staukörpermächtigkeiten vorgenommen. Folgende Ergebnisse lassen sich aus diesen Modellen ableiten: 1. Staukörpermächtigkeiten 〉 0,5 m reduzieren die Sickerwasserverluste nur noch unwesentlich. 2. Erst Humositätsgrade H ≥ 7 nach v. POST bewirken ausreichenden Wasserstau. 3. Schrumpfrisse im ausgetrockneten Staukörper aus stark zersetztem Hochmoortorf können die Stauwirkung beeinträchtigen. Eine Staukörpermächtigkeit von 0.5 m sollte daher nicht unterschritten werden. Als Verdunstungsschutz werden mindestens 0,3 m Bunkerde bzw. Weißtorf über dem Staukörper gefordert. 4. Unter klimatisch ungünstigen Bedingungen ist ein Grundwasseranschluß des Staukörpers erforderlich.
    Description: Rewetting requires an impermeable layer of undisturbed raised-bog peat. For static conditions calculations of seepage dependent on the thickness of the impermeable layer have been carried out by means of representative data of saturated water permeability. The results of these model calculations are: 1. An increase of the impermeable ayer over 0,5 m insignificantly reduces the seepage. 2. Only a degree of decomposition H 2:7 according to v. POST causes a sufficient water rise. 3. An impermeable layer of highly decomposed raised-bog peat can be destroyed by crack formation after drying up. Therefore, the thickness of this layer should not be less than 0,5 m. A top spit or white peat layer of at least 0,3 m is required to prevent evaporation. 4. Under unfavourable climatic conditions contact of the impermeable layer with the ground water is necessary.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; Moor ; Torf ; peat ; peatland ; Wiedervernässung
    Language: German
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: Jeweils zwischen den IMTG-Kongressen finden Kommissionssitzungen mit fachlichen Schwerpunktthemen statt. Aufgabe der Kommission III ist es, regionale Probleme der Kultivierung und Nutzung der verschiedenen Moorböden durch Landwirtschaft, Forstwirtschaft und Gartenbau zu behandeln. Bereits 1974 hatte ein solches erfolgreiches Internationales Moorsymposium am gleichen Ort unter dem Leitthema "Probleme der Wasserregulierung auf Niedermoor" stattgefunden. Darüber hat W. BADEN in der Zeitschrift für Kulturtechnik und Flurbereinigung 16, 110-123, 1975, eine Nachlese veröffentlicht. [...]
    Description: conference
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:333.7313 ; ddc:631.4 ; Moor ; Torf ; Bodenkunde ; Landnutzung ; Landwirtschaft ; peat ; peatland ; soil ; land use ; agriculture
    Language: German
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  • 8
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    In:  SUB Göttingen | ZA 34278
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: Es wird über 5 Jahrzehnte Erfahrungen mit deutschem Sandmischkulturboden − einem anthropogenen Bodentyp − berichtet. Aus dem Ertragsverlauf werden die bodenbildenden Prozesse − Setzung, Homogenisierung, Humifizierung − deutlich. Der jeweilige Grad der Bodenentwicklung − von der rohen Mischung aus Torf und Sand zum ± humosen Sand − kann durch bodenchemische Untersuchungen z.B. Schweretrennung in CCl4‚C/N-Verhältnis‚ N-Fraktionierung, aktuelle/potentielle KAK dargestellt werden. Solche Untersuchungen können der objektiven Bewertung von Neukulturen und zur Steuerung ihrer Bodenentwicklung dienen.
    Description: It is reported on experiences with German sand-mix-culture soils within 50 years. The soil-forming processes − subsidence, homogenization, humification − are correlated with the development of the yields. The corresponding degrees of soil development − from a rough mixture of peat and sand to a ± humic sandy soil − can be shown by soil-chemical analyses like separation of particles with different densities in CCl4, C/N-ratio, N-fractionation, actual/potential CEC. Such investigations can be useful for the actual estimation of new cultures and the control of their development.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:631.4 ; Moor ; Torf ; Bodenkunde ; peatland ; peat ; soil
    Language: German
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: In den Sanduntergrund einschneidende Entwässerungsgräben behindern eine Wiedervernässung von teilabgetorften Hochmooren. In Modellversuchen wurden verschiedene Materialien (Schwarztorf, Bunkerde, Bentonit) auf ihre Eignung als Material zur Grabenabdichtung überprüft. Dabei wurden verschiedene Abdichtungsprozesse - Verdichtung des Abdichtmaterials, - SenkundäreAbdichtumgdes Sanduntergrundes durch infiltriertes Material (mechanische Filterwirkung) untersucht. In den Modellversuchen erwiesen sich die Varianten "Schwarztorf, verdichtet" und "Sand/Bentonit-Gemisch" als praktikable Verfahren zur Grabenabdichtung. Sekundäre Abdichtungsprozesse konnten bei einigen Materialien (Schwarztorf-Suspension; Bunkerde) beobachtet werden, sie erwiesen sich bei kurzfristiger Betrachtung (10 Jahre) jedoch als zu uneffektiv.
    Description: Ditches cut into the sandy subsoil impede a rewetting of cutover peatlands. Different materials (black peat, top spit, bentonite)were tested for their suitability of sealing these ditches. Different sealing processes were examined - compaction of the material, - secondary sealing of the sandy subsoil by clogging with infiltrated material. The treatments "black peat-compacted" and "sand/bentonite-mixture"showed the best sealing properties. Secondary sealing by mechanical filtering was also observed for some other materials ("black peat-suspension", "top spit"), however the process of mechanical filtering is too ineffective in the short-term view (~10 years).
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:333.72 ; Moor ; Torf ; Naturschutz ; Wiedervernässung ; peatland ; peat ; nature conservation
    Language: German
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  • 10
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    Universität Göttingen,Abteilung Bodenphysik
    In:  Universität Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2024-06-03
    Description: research
    Keywords: Landwirtschaft ; Sickerwasser ; Sickerwasser Nitrate ; Nitrate ; Landwirtschaft Deutschland ; Nitratbelastung ; Deutschland
    Language: German
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  • 11
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    Universität Göttingen,Abteilung Bodenphysik
    In:  Universität Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2024-06-03
    Description: research
    Keywords: Stoffhaushalt ; Organischer Stoff ; Forstlicher Standort ; Buchenwald ; Waldboden ; Kalkstein
    Language: German
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  • 12
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    Universität Göttingen,Abteilung Bodenphysik
    In:  Universität Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2024-06-03
    Description: research
    Keywords: Organischen Substanz ; Bio- logischen Parametern ; Ackerkrume
    Language: German
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  • 13
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    The USSR Academy of Science, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, Publishing House
    In:  In: Mollusca. Results and perspectives of Investigation. The USSR Academy of Science, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, Publishing House, Leningrad, pp. 243-244.
    Publication Date: 2017-01-13
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 14
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    The USSR Academy of Science, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, Publishing House
    In:  In: Mollusca. Results and perspectives of Investigation. The USSR Academy of Science, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, Publishing House, Leningrad, pp. 452-454.
    Publication Date: 2017-01-13
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 15
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    Academic Press
    In:  In: Cephalopod life cycles. Academic Press, London, pp. 307-327.
    Publication Date: 2017-02-14
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 16
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    In:  (Professorial dissertation), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 164 + Anhang pp
    Publication Date: 2017-03-03
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 17
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    In:  (Professorial dissertation), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 155 pp
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 18
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    Academic Press
    In:  In: Cephalopod Life cycles. Academic Press, London, pp. 201-219. ISBN 0121230023
    Publication Date: 2019-02-25
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2017-03-29
    Description: The squid Nototodarus gouldi (McCoy, 1888) was caught by bottom trawl in Port Phillip Bay, Australia in February 1985. The squid accumulates in its digestive gland high levels of trace metals, with up to 100 μg Cd g-1 dry tissue, 1 200 μg g-1 copper and 1 500 μg g-1 zinc and up to 24 Bq g-1 of the naturally occurring radionuclide polonium-210. The molecular binding of these elements in six squid was investigated using column chromatography. Two poorly resolved copper peaks were associated with proteins of average molecular weights of 11 500 and 18 000. The two squid containing the highest levels of cadmium in their digestive glands (44 and 88 μg g-1) had cadmium associated with a peak of molecular weight intermediate between the copper-binding peaks, but this peak was absent from squid containing lower levels of cadmium. Zinc was associated with ligands of less than 1 500 molecular weight. The 210Po eluted with proteins of greater than 70 000 molecular weight, and there was no evidence of binding to low molecular weight proteins. Different mechanisms appear to be involved in the binding and control of the four elements.
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  • 20
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    Royal Society of London
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 316 (1181). pp. 461-485.
    Publication Date: 2017-05-24
    Description: An overview is given of the natural systems of the North Sea: water-circulation, topography and geology of the sea floor, sediment transport, influx of trace constituents (nutrients, trace metals, organic compounds), biological systems and their interrelations. The effects of pollution and other human activities are discussed as well as the difficulties in assessing them where they are obscured by natural changes.
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  • 21
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    GSA, Geological Society of America
    In:  Geology, 15 (6). pp. 533-536.
    Publication Date: 2017-06-30
    Description: The early breakup of western Pangea has been investigated by mapping the pattern of fracture zones and distribution of seismic reflectors within the sedimentary cover of the Atlantic between the Cape Verde Islands and the equator. Two distinct sets of transverse oceanic lineaments are present, separated by the Guinea Fracture Zone near lat 10°N. Lineaments to the north are associated with the formation of the central Atlantic in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous; those in the south relate to the Cretaceous opening of the South Atlantic. The Guinea Fracture Zone is thus the conjugate of the Jurassic transform boundary under peninsular Florida, which linked the Atlantic with the Gulf of Mexico. The distribution of dated seismic reflectors suggests that deposition of deep-water sediments was confined to the region north of the Guinea transform until Aptian time, when the Sierra Leone Basin began to open. The latter started to widen at least 15 m.y. after the initiation of the Cape Basin off southwest Africa, an age difference that can be explained if a short-lived plate boundary developed in either Africa or South America during the Early Cretaceous. Neither the trends of the equatorial fracture zones nor the seismic stratigraphy supports the existence of a predrift gap between west Africa and Brazil.
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  • 22
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    Institut für Polarökologie Kiel
    In:  Mitteilungen zur Kieler Polarforschung, 2 . pp. 12-21.
    Publication Date: 2017-08-08
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2017-09-19
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 24
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    Dt. Wetterdienst, Zentralamt
    In:  Leitfäden für die Ausbildung im Deutschen Wetterdienst, 1 . Dt. Wetterdienst, Zentralamt, Offenbach am Main, Germany, 181 pp. 3. Aufl. ISBN 3-88148-236-9
    Publication Date: 2017-11-27
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  • 25
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    In:  (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 189 pp
    Publication Date: 2018-05-16
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 26
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    In:  (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 192 pp
    Publication Date: 2018-05-16
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 27
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    In:  (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 192 pp
    Publication Date: 2018-05-02
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    In:  (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 183 pp
    Publication Date: 2018-05-11
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    In:  (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 123 pp
    Publication Date: 2018-05-11
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    In:  (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 132 pp
    Publication Date: 2018-05-11
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    Department of Fisheries and Oceans
    In:  Canadian special publication of fisheries and aquatic sciences, 100 . Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Ottawa, 62 pp.
    Publication Date: 2017-01-18
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    Publication Date: 2020-06-04
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    SEPM
    In:  Palaios, 2 (6). pp. 594-599.
    Publication Date: 2018-03-01
    Description: Pebble-size and larger mobile rocks in aquatic environments may be colonized by a variety of sessile benthic organisms. These diverse encrusting, boring, and nestling communities have a long fossil record that can be used to test many paleoecological and evolutionary hypotheses. The frequent rolling or overturning of rocks during the residence time of their colonizing fauna represents a distinct physical disturbance that can be observed in the fossil record. This disturbance may vary in intensity; some substrata are overturned continually, while others are rarely nwved at all. Increased disturbance is generally correlated with increased taxonomic diversity, unless the substrate is overturned so frequently that few colonizers are retained. Intermediate levels of disturbance enhance the diversity of mobile rock faunas by limiting the dominance of late successional taxa. The diversity gradient produced in a variable disturbance regime is often a reflection of the ecological succession on the rocks. Diversity is also dependent upon available niche space. A dramatic increase in rock-boring during the Mesozoic produced a variety of lwles in mobile rocks, expanding the niche space available to encrusting and other coelobitic organisms. Thus the preserved faunas associated with Mesozoic and Cenozoic mobile rocks are, on the average, far more diverse than their Paleozoic counterparts. Organisms persisting on mobile rocks have developed three strategies in response to the physical disturbance: 1) some encrusters, notably late successional bryozoans, produce a mature colony shape that stabilizes the mobile substrate and thus reduces the potential for disturbance; 2) encrusters on mobile rocks in a sand or gravel matrix tend to develop morphologies that resist physical abrasion; and, 3) if suitable holes are present in the rock, encmsters may avoid the hazardous surface and live as cavity-dwellers (coelobites).
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  • 34
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    In:  (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 138 pp
    Publication Date: 2018-04-11
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  • 35
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    In:  (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 148 pp
    Publication Date: 2018-05-02
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  • 36
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    In:  [Talk] In: Annual Meeting of the Japan Association for Quaternary Research 1987, 1987, Kobe, Japan .
    Publication Date: 2016-12-01
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  • 37
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    In:  (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 137 pp
    Publication Date: 2018-05-14
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  • 38
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    In:  (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 200 pp
    Publication Date: 2018-05-14
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  • 39
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    Geological Society of London
    In:  Journal of the Geological Society, 144 (1). pp. 153-160.
    Publication Date: 2018-05-14
    Description: A large mud body, 500 km2 and up to 21 m thick, SE of Helgoland has been investigated using geochemical, mineralogical, and sedimentological methods. The analysis of 27 sediment cores fromt hisa rear evealed that, overlyingo lderf ine-graineds ediments, there is a ‘cake’o f muddy, polluted sediments, up to 3 m thick, which has accumulated over the last 100 years. It is assumed that human activities like dredging and dumping are responsible for this rapid rate of deposition. Generally it has been estimated that all of this mud has been supplied by rivers entering this part of the North Sea. But analyses of sediments from the Ems, Weser, and the Elbe rivers show that, under normal conditions, the river sediments do not enter the open sea but are trapped in the estuaries. It may, therefore be concluded that much of the underlying unpolluted sediments of the mud area were derived from elsewhere or were laid down during an earlier period. One possibility is that the lower sediments were deposited when the German Bight was a sheltered area, protected by a barrier of morainic sediments in the north between Helgoland and Schleswig Holstein. This barrier must have been breached more than 2000 years ago.
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2020-06-04
    Description: A technique for 14C measurement of small volume (0.5L) oceanic water samples by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is described. Samples were taken from a CTD/rosette system used for standard hydrographic work. After CO2 extraction and target preparation, the samples were measured at the Zürich tandem accelerator facility. On the basis of 14C data from samples collected on a station in the northern Weddell Sea, the precision of the measurements is estimated to ca ±8‰. The error in the present AMS results is dominated by the statistical error in 14C detection. From results of duplicate targets, it is concluded that a precision of ±5° can be reached. The 14C data are discussed in relation to the Weddell Sea hydrography.
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: Populations of the sepioid Idiosepius pygmaeus were located in mangrove and estuarine localities in the Townsville region of North Queensland Australia in 1986. This species was small, easy to observe and collect in the field and sexually dimorphic, with females being much larger than males. Statolith microstructures of I. pygmaeus proved to be a useful ageing tool which can be used to interpret life history phenomena in this species. Increments were calibrated by marking statoliths in situ with tetracycline and counting the rings laid down subsequent to marking. This validated the daily periodicity of the observed rings. Statolith discontinuities (checks) were occasionally seen within the microstructures of some specimens. These discontinuities appear to parallel similar structures found in fish otoliths. Based on statolith analysis, I. pygmaeus matured at an age of 11/2-2 months. Females were larger and grew faster than their male counterparts. Females of similar age were found to vary considerably in size. The estimates of growth rates and longevity for I. pygmaeus suggested multiple generations within one year.
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  • 42
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    The USSR Academy of Science, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, Publishing House
    In:  In: Mollusca. Results and perspectives of Investigation. The USSR Academy of Science, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, Publishing House, Leningrad, pp. 240-242.
    Publication Date: 2017-01-13
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    The USSR Academy of Science, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, Publishing House
    In:  In: Mollusca. Results and perspectives of Investigation. The USSR Academy of Science, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, Publishing House, Leningrad, pp. 332-333.
    Publication Date: 2017-01-13
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2017-01-20
    Description: Fossiliferous glacio-marine strata of the Cape Melville Formation (Lower Miocene) yielded recycled Cretaceous fossils — coccoliths and belemnites in addition to Tertiary biota. The belemnites here described belong to the family Dimitobelidae Whitehouse, 1924, and are represented by three taxa: Dimitobelus aff. macgregori (Glaessner, 1945), D. cf. superstes (Hector, 1886) and Peralobelus sp. These Cretaceous fossils were brought to King George Island by drifting icebergs during the Lower Miocene Melville Glaciation and redeposited together with other dropstones in outer shelf deposits of the Cape Melville Formation. The provenance of these recycled Cretaceous fossils is unknown: they could have been brought by drifting icebergs either from the area of Alexander Island where Cretaceous strata with analogous belemnites are known, or from another site (or sites) o f the Antarctic Peninsula sector. Relative abundance of recycled belemnites and Cretaceous calcareous nannoplankton suggests rather a source situated at a distance less than that between King George Island and Alexander Island (some 1200 km), either under ice-sheet or Within the shelf area of the Bransfield Strait.
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    Società Italiana di Malacologia
    In:  Congresso Societa Italiana di Malacologia, 23 . pp. 505-512.
    Publication Date: 2020-06-12
    Description: A project for the Census o f the Meditenanean Teutbofauna. A project to census the Mediterranean Cephalopods is proposed. The census units are square marine surfaces with all four sides 10’ of one degree long; on charts they appear as rectangles. The area of such units seems to meet both sampling and clear rendering of cephalopod distribution requirements. The purposes of the census are tne assessment of the geonemy of the Mediterranean Cephalopods and tne gathering of information on other aspects of their biology.
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  • 46
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    Taylor & Francis
    In:  New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 21 . pp. 315-326.
    Publication Date: 2020-06-22
    Description: Two species of arrow squid, Nototodarus (Oegopsida: Ommastrephidae), are caught in New Zealand waters. The close similarity in most morphometric characters has lead to confusion over the status of the two species. They are distinguished by the number of pairs of suckers on the first right arm; adult males are distinguished by the number of proximal tubercles and the morphology of the distal part of the hectocotylised arm; fresh or frozen specimens can be identified by gel elec‐trophoresis of the enzyme glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase. Nototodarus sloanii is found in southern waters and N. gouldi in more northerly waters around New Zealand as well as southern waters of Australia. Differences between the two species are described and notes presented on their biology, abundance, and exploitation.
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    Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
    In:  In: Pacific Rim Congress 87: Proceedings. Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Parkville, Australia, pp. 273-278. ISBN 0-949106-15-1
    Publication Date: 2017-02-16
    Description: In the last decade of precious metal exploratlon, several important gold discoveries have conclusively demonstrated that epithermal gold deposits formed in what were once active geothermal areas. A significant deposit in this category is the Lihir Island discovery in the Tabar-Feni volcanic island arc off the coast of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. Within that arc are the Feni Islands where exploration by Esso PNG Inc. and City Resources Ltd. has been carried out since early 1984. On Ambitle Island in the Feni Group, an epithermal gold prospect located within a young caldera has been tested by diamond drilling. The drillholes intersected a boiling zone at depth beneath acid altered cap rocks. The zone is 30-60 metres thick and comprises hydraulically fractured and mineralised lavas with gold grades of 1-7 g/t. The prospect is still an active geothermal area with current boiling in the zone tested. As on Lihir, the recent epithermal alteration and mineralisation overprints a relict prophyry System. On Ambitle and the adjacent Babase Island several other, cooler exciting gold prospects are currently being tested.
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    Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
    In:  Bulletin of Marine Science, 40 (2). pp. 382-387.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-15
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 14 (10). pp. 1061-1064.
    Publication Date: 2017-07-25
    Description: We present a method for objectively characterizing a swath of digitally sampled seafloor topography. Our method analyzes the distribution of surface slopes by compiling surface-normal vectors into a two-dimensional histogram using an equal-area projection. The direction of maximum variance (first principal axis) of the histogram is used to determine the azimuth of lineations in the topography, and the variance is used as a measure of seafloor roughness. We apply the method to short sections of Sea Beam swath data and find that the histogram parameters are effective in describing the behavior of the topography. In particular, similar patterns are observed for a sequence of histograms derived from data collected over the Mendocino and the Surveyor fracture zones in the northeast Pacific. Because the method does not require any data modification and is suitable for irregularly-shaped sample regions, it lends itself to real-time analysis.
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    Institut für Polarökologie Kiel
    In:  Mitteilungen zur Kieler Polarforschung (2). pp. 22-29.
    Publication Date: 2017-07-25
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    Institut für Polarökologie Kiel
    In:  Mitteilungen zur Kieler Polarforschung (2). pp. 40-44.
    Publication Date: 2017-07-25
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    Institut für Polarökologie Kiel
    In:  Mitteilungen zur Kieler Polarforschung (2). pp. 5-11.
    Publication Date: 2017-07-25
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    Institut für Polarökologie Kiel
    In:  Mitteilungen zur Kieler Polarforschung (2). pp. 45-51.
    Publication Date: 2017-07-25
    Description: Auf der Basis wirtschaftlicher und politischer Interessen haben ähnlich wie in der Antarktis auch in der Arktis die Forschungsaktivitäten in den letzten 10 Jahren sehr stark zugenommen. Im Vordergrund stehen die Prospektion und Ausbeutung von fossilen Brennstoffen, vor allem von Öl, aber auch der Ausbau der militärischen Sicherheit. Denn in der Arktis stehen sich die beiden großen Machtblöcke, USA und Sowjetunion, am nächsten gegenüber. Man hat wohl auch bald erkannt, daß die sogenannte angewandte Forschung in diesem nur unzureichend bekannten Terrain einer massiven Unterstützung durch die Grundlagenforschung bedurfte.
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    Institut für Polarökologie Kiel
    In:  Mitteilungen zur Kieler Polarforschung (2). pp. 30-39.
    Publication Date: 2017-07-25
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  • 55
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    Elsevier
    In:  Quaternary Science Reviews, 6 (3-4). pp. 231-243.
    Publication Date: 2016-04-08
    Description: Piston cores from fiords, shelf troughs, and the deep-sea off eastern Baffin Island, N.W.T., Canada, have been sampled for texture and detrital carbonate in the 〈2 mm fraction. The sediments consist primarily of silty clays usually containing 〈5% sand. Estimates are made for sediment accumulation (kg/m**2/ka) over the last ca. 10 ka. Three sets, of two cores each, lie on a fiord-shelf transect and thus define variations in sediment accumulation gradients. These continental margin data are compared with cruder estimates of Holocene sediment accumulation at three sites farther offshore in Baffin Bay, Davis Strait and the northern Labrador Sea. Minimum accumulation in a 2 ka interval was 200 kg/m2 with a maximum estimate of 8,800 kg/m2. Detrital carbonate accumulation varies between 0 and 1,300 kg/m**2. Median accumulation for a typical fiord-shelf-deep-sea transect over the last 10 ka have been 10,340, 3493 and 820 kg/m**2. At DSDP Leg, site 645 in central Baffin Bay, the sedimentation rate ranged between 40 and 130 m/Ma (ca. 400 and 1200 kg/m**2/2ka); that is, comparable with the Late Quaternary input into Baffin Bay.
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, 92 (C3). pp. 2953-2969.
    Publication Date: 2016-04-14
    Description: The renewal of the deep water of the East Atlantic and its large-scale internal circulation are studied on the basis of the distributions of potential temperature, silicate, ΣCO2, and 14C. An isopycnal multibox model including advection, mixing, and sources and sinks is set up and described. Tracer data are input for the model, and balance equations for the various properties for the boxes of the model serve as constraints for the determination of water fluxes, mixing coefficients, and source parameters. Extremal values for various model parameters that are consistent with the tracer data (satisfy the balance equations within the estimated tolerances) are calculated by linear programming techniques. 14C data are seen to be valuable in determining absolute flow rates. Model results confirm the importance of the Romanche Facture Zone for the renewal of east Atlantic deep water. Eastward flows through the Romanche Fracture Zone were found to be between 2.6 and 5.1 Sv. Flows through the Vema Fracture Zone amount to at most 20% of the Romanche Fracture Zone inflow. Contributions of Antarctic Bottom Water at the southern end of the East Atlantic (Walvis Ridge) and of Iceland Scotland Overflow Water at the northern end are very small (〈 5% of equatorial inflow). Diapycnal mixing coefficients are between 1 and 10 cm2/s, and values for the dissolution rates of silicate and carbon are in the expected range.
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 326 (6111). pp. 373-375.
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
    Description: Hurricanes and other strong storms can cause important decreases in sea surface temperature by means of vertical mixing within the upper ocean, and by air–sea heat exchange. Here we use satellite-derived infrared images of the western North Atlantic to study sea surface cooling caused by hurricane Gloria (1985). Significant regional variations in sea surface cooling are well correlated with hydrographic conditions. The greatest cooling (up to 5°C) occurred in slope waters north of the Gulf Stream where the seasonal thermocline is shallowest and most compressed; moderate cooling (up to 3 °C) occurred in the open Sargasso Sea where the thermocline is deeper and more diffused; little or no cooling occurred in shallow coastal waters (bottom depth less than 20 m) which were isothermal before the passage of hurricane Gloria. There is a pronounced right-side asymmetry of sea surface cooling with stronger (by a factor of 4) and more extensive (by a factor of 3) cooling found on the right side of the hurricane track. These qualitative results are consistent with the notion that vertical mixing within the upper ocean is the dominant sea surface cooling mechanism of hurricanes.
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    Springer
    In:  Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift, 40 (6). pp. 261-276.
    Publication Date: 2019-01-21
    Description: Approximately twice-monthly expendable bathythermograph (XBT) sections between Europe and Brazil, are used to characterize trends in the equatorial geostrophic surface currents orthogonal to the sections between September, 1980 and May, 1984. Using mean temperature-salinity relationships the upper layer temperature profiles are converted to density and used to compute 0/300 db dynamic height. Applying a second derivative method, at and near the equator, geostrophic surface currents are computed along each quasimeridional XBT section and time/space series of the equatorial currents are developed using spline interpolations in both time and space. Equatorial currents are mapped as time series of dynamic height and geostrophic current.
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  • 59
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    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography, 17 (1). pp. 158-163.
    Publication Date: 2020-08-04
    Description: The existence of energetic anticyclonic mid-depth vortices of Mediterranean Water (meddies) questions the validity of a conventional advective–diffusive balance in the eastern Atlantic subtropical gyre. A mesoscale experiment in the Azores–Madeira region reveals a link of these meddies to large-scale subsurface meanders. For the first time it is shown that meddies may have strong surface vorticity, indicative of a generation process involving the Azores Current—a deep reaching near-surface jet.
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2017-12-11
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2016-04-11
    Description: Stable isotope measurements on molluses from raised marine deposits, and on foraminifera in a piston core, define a series of light isotope events. A major event is14C dated at ca. 10.3 ka and is correlated with a marked isotopic excursion in HU77-021-156. This event is followed by a dramatic rise in diatom and, slightly later, in benthic foraminiferal abundances. Molluses record another light event around 8 ka. Major fluctuations in both δ18O and δ13C around 10.3 ka suggests that the Hudson Strait ice stream may have responded to the Younger Dryas climatic oscillation.
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  • 62
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 92 (C12). pp. 12993-13002.
    Publication Date: 2019-04-04
    Description: Reducing the large volume of TIROS-N series advanced very high resolution radiometer-derived data to a practical size for application to regional physcial oceanographic studies is a formidable task. Such data exist on a global basis for January 1979 to the present at approximately 4-km resolution (global area coverage data, ≈2 passes per day) and in selected areas at high resolution (local area coverage and high-resolution picture transmission data, at ≈1-km resolution) for the same period. An approach that has been successful for a number of studies off the east coast of the United States divided the processing into two procedures: preprocessing and data reduction. The preprocessing procedure can reduce the data volume per satellite pass by over 98% for full-resolution data or by ≈84% for the lower-resolution data while the number of passes remains unchanged. The output of the preprocessing procedure for the examples presented is a set of sea surface temperature (SST) fields of 512 × 1024 pixels covering a region of approximately 2000 × 4000 km. In the data reduction procedure the number of SST fields (beginning with one per satellite pass) is generally reduced to a number manageable from the analyst's perspective (of the order of one SST field per day). This is done in most of the applications presented by compositing the data into 1- or 2-day groups. The phenomena readily addressed by such procedures are the mean position of the Gulf Stream, the envelope of Gulf Stream meandering, cold core Gulf Stream ring trajectories, statistics on diurnal warming, and the region and period of 18°C water formation. The flexibility of this approach to regional oceanographic problems will certainly extend the list of applications quickly.
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  • 63
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    In:  (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Universität Bremen, Bremen, 171 pp . Berichte aus dem Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Universität Bremen, 2 .
    Publication Date: 2016-12-01
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-24
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    NRC
    In:  Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 67 (3). pp. 629-636.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-24
    Description: Seed yield and photosynthetic responses of soybean (Gtycine mnx L. Met. ,Ransom') were studied in growth chambers at day/night temperatures of 18/12,22/16, and 26/20'C and atmospheric CO, concentrations of 350, 6i5 and 1000 pL L-1. No seeds were produced at 18/12°C within any of the CO2 concentrations. Numbers of pods and seeds increased with increasing temperature and CO2 levels. Carbon dioxide enrichment increased seed yield of soybean grown at moderately cool temperatures. This increase was associated with an increase in net photosynthetic rate. Leaf photosynthesis in response to CO2 enrichment increased more at 22/16°C than at 26/20°C. Increases in, temperature and CO2 levels enhanced total growth of plants but hastened senescence of leaves. The extended photosynthetic capacity at cool temperatures did not result in allocating more dry matter to developing pods. CO2 enrichment at 26/20°C resulted in greater seed yield increases than CO2 enrichment at lower temperatures.
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    Institut für Meereskunde Berlin
    In:  Berliner geographische Studien, 25 . pp. 133-156.
    Publication Date: 2016-06-15
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  • 67
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    Alfa Publishers
    In:  In: Pre-Variscan and Variscan events in the alpine mediterranean belts : dregional contributions. , ed. by Flügel, H. W. and Sassi, F. P. Alfa Publishers, Bratislava, pp. 209-226.
    Publication Date: 2016-02-16
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    Geological Society
    In:  In: Marine petroleum source rocks. , ed. by Brooks, J. Geological Society London Special Publications, 26 . Geological Society, London, pp. 181-197.
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: he present-day upwelling circulation off Peru, the regional pattern of organic matter in surface sediments and the stable carbon isotope characteristics of Neogene and Quaternary carbonate lithologies suggest a unique feedback mechanism in continental margin deposition and subsequent alteration after burial. In such a scenario, the high bioproductivity, the position of a poleward flowing undercurrent and the rate of subsidence of margin basins appear to be the principal variables controlling this mechanism. Transfer of organic matter from the sea surface to the sea floor is particularly efficient in the upwelling ecosystem off Peru. Preservation and burial are enhanced by high bulk sedimentation rates along the upper continental slope (between 11°–15°S) at depths where the subsurface current velocities decrease below those normally associated with the poleward flow. Burial and preservation are diminished, however, where shallow water depths promote continuous reworking of the bottom sediments by onshore flows and alongshore water movement (between 6°–10°S). The resulting sedimentary facies are distinctly different from each other in that the former process yields an organic-rich (〉 5 wt % Corg) and the latter process yields a calcareous (〉 15 wt % CaCo3) mud facies. The bulk sediment accumulation and individual component fluxes are estimated for both portions of the margin situated between 6° and 15°S latitude and lying in 〈 500 m of water depth. Furthermore, the chemical environment of organic-matter decomposition in the rapidly accumulating carbonate-poor facies is dominated by microbial fermentation and methanogenesis, whereas, the muds containing lesser amounts of organic matter are dominated by microbial sulphate reduction. These differences in facies composition persist throughout the subsequent stages of compaction and diagenesis. Most prominent among these is the formation of ‘organic’ dolomites with distinctly different isotopic signatures and mineral assemblages. The original upwelling facies (i.e., organic-rich muds or calcareous muds), the extent of reworking by subsurface currents, and the subsidence history of the margin basins may be inferred from these sedimentary signatures.
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    Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources
    In:  In: Geology and Resource Potential of the Western North America and Adjacent Ocean Basins: Beaufort Sea to Baja California. Earth Science Series, 6 . Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources, Houston, Texas, pp. 157-189.
    Publication Date: 2015-08-03
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    Elsevier
    In:  Ocean Modelling, 74 . pp. 5-9.
    Publication Date: 2018-01-24
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    ICES | Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  Journal du Conseil / Conseil Permanent International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 43 . pp. 122-128.
    Publication Date: 2019-08-08
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    Inter Research
    In:  Marine Ecology Progress Series, 39 . pp. 153-167.
    Publication Date: 2018-05-04
    Description: A cyclonic cold-core eddy in the Northeast Atlantic of about 100 km in diameter at the sea surface was investigated in May 1985, approximately 3 wk after it had separated from the Polar Front. A strong thermocline, which was shallower but more pronounced than in the ambient water, separated a warm surface layer within the eddy from deeper cold water, while horizontal salinity gradients marked the boundary to the ambient water. The cold-core eddy could be distinguished from amblent Northeast Atlantic water in terms of its nutrient chemistry, phytoplankton species distribution and abundance, bacterial numbers and cell size. The surface layer of the eddy was distinct from deeper eddy water, and was characterized by high concentrations of chlorophyll a, total phytoplankton biomass, dinoflagellates and bacteria. At the eddy's margin diatoms were predominant. It is argued that the physical isolation of the eddy surface layer due to the formation of a shallow thermocline led to rapid utilisation of nutrients. This probably enabled the development of a dinoflagellate-dominated phytoplankton population and of organisms capable of heterotrophic regenerative processes.
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    Pergamon Press
    In:  Journal of Structural Geology, 9 (5-6). pp. 659-666.
    Publication Date: 2018-01-17
    Description: The orientation of shear bands relative to foliations defined by elongated mineral aggregates, is often used to determine the large-scale sense of displacement in ductile faults. Data from contact strain zones at the bases of large overthrust complexes in the Eastern Alps and the Betic Cordilleras demonstrate that there is not always a simple geometrical relation between shear band orientation and sense of vorticity in bulk non-coaxial flow. In addition to single shear band sets that show displacements synthetic with the large-scale displacement, there are single sets with antithetic displacements, and conjugate sets. The last two observations are at variance with published data and interpretations, and cast doubts on the general applicability of shear bands as indicators of large scale flow kinematics.
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-18
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-23
    Description: During Leg 111 of the Ocean Drilling Program, scientists on the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution studied crustal structure and hydrothermal processes in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Leg 111 spent 43 days on its primary objective, deepening and logging Hole 5048, a deep reference hole in 5.9-million-year-old crust 200 km south of the spreading axis of the Costa Rica Rift. Even before Leg 111 , Hole 5048 was the deepest hole drilled into the oceanic crust, penetrating 274.5 m of sediments and 1,075.5 m of pillow lavas and sheeted dikes to a total depth of 1,350 m below sea floor (mbsf). Leg 111 deepened the hole by 212.3 m to a total depth of 1,562.3 mbsf (1,287.8 m into basement), and completed a highly successful suite of geophysical logs and experiments, including sampling of borehole waters.
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    Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research
    In:  Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 17 (4). pp. 279-285.
    Publication Date: 2016-07-25
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    Wachholtz
    In:  Christiana Albertina, 24 (N.F.) . pp. 43-54.
    Publication Date: 2016-07-13
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Paleoceanography, 2 (6). pp. 543-559.
    Publication Date: 2016-09-05
    Description: A suit of sediment cores close to and south of the Strait of Gibraltar (12°-36°N, 500–2800 m water depth) were analyzed for stable isotopes in epibenthic foraminifers Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and Planulina ariminensis. During peak glacial times, the data exhibit higher δ13C values of up to 1.6‰ at intermediate depths near the Strait of Gibraltar (36°N). The values decrease to the south as evidenced by our data, but also to the north as revealed by data of intermediate depth cores north of 38°N (in Duplessy et al. [1987]). Thus, the distribution pattern of δ13C provides crucial evidence for an increased influence of nutrient depleted Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) on the glacial northeast Atlantic hydrography. During oxygen isotope Terminations I and II, the meridional carbon isotope gradient indicates a significantly decreased but still active MOW. As deduced from the δ18O fluctuations, the temperatures of the MOW in the Atlantic were lower during glacial times by as much as 5°C. During glacial times and during Termination I the maximum δ13C values of the MOW correlate with minimum values of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and vice versa. This inverse response to climatic change of the carbon isotope signals of both water masses indicates, that the supply of saline MOW to the north Atlantic may be less important for the formation of NADW than previously assumed.
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    International Union of Geological Sciences
    In:  Episodes: Journal of International Geoscience, 10 (2). pp. 87-93.
    Publication Date: 2016-10-07
    Description: The geological evolution of the western margin of South America has long been a challenge to geologists interested in convergent plate tectonics. Late in 1986, scientists on the ODP drillship JOIDES Resolution confirmed that the upper slope of the Peruvian margin consists of continental crust whereas the lower slope comprises an accretionary complex. An intricate history of horizontal and vertical movements can be detected, and the locations of ancient centers of upwelling appear to have varied, partly due to tectonic movements of the margin. In this review of Leg 112, the three scientific leaders on this cruise discuss their results.
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    California Malacozoological Society
    In:  The Veliger, 29 (3). pp. 313-321.
    Publication Date: 2020-05-05
    Description: Squid larvae from Hawaiian waters that belong to three species of Onychoteuthis indicate that the generally recognized single tropical-subtropical species in the genus, 0. banksii, represents a species complex. The Hawaiian species are easily separated by chromatophore patterns.
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    Elsevier
    In:  Environment International, 13 (1). pp. 37-45.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: Of about 20,000 modern fish species, only about 200 are found south of the Antarctic Convergence. The ichthyofauna is dominated by small species up to 40 cm long. The majority are bottom dwelling forms which belong mostly to the suborder Notothenioidei. Antarctic pelagic fishes are descendants from several faunal groups of different origins: bathypelagic and mesopelagic species, and species originating from demersal families which are secondarily adapted to temporary or permanent midwater life. More than 30 species of squid are so far known from the Southern Ocean. The majority are obviously meso-and bathy-pelagic dwellers. Several adaptations, including stenothermy, freezing resistance, aglomerular kidneys, and neutral buoyancy, enable Antarctic coastal fish to live successfully in the harsh environment. Growth rates of coastal fish are comparable to those found in Newfoundland cod. Most coastal fish do not spawn until they are 5 year old. Three reproductive strategies occur in coastal fish: autumn/early winter spawners with few, but yolky, eggs of 3–6 mm diameter; late winter/spring spawners with many, but smaller, eggs of 1.5–2 mm diameter; and species which guard their nests. Based on their food spectra, fish species can roughly be divided into three groups: fish and krill feeders, plankton feeders, and benthos feeders. Krill consumption by coastal fish around South Georgia and in West Antarctic waters was probably in the order of 5–6 × 106 tonnes before the onset of exploitation. Overall euphausiid consumption may have been about 20 × 106 tonnes. Fish, particularly mesopelagic fish, appear to be more important krill predators than squid. The role of squid as krill predators may have been overestimated in the past. Squid seem to be more important as a food resource for top level predators, particularly sperm whales and birds, than fish appear to be. All estimates of food consumption—krill as well as fish—are still subject to many uncertainties, and so it can be expected that increasing knowledge in the future may alter the given figures quite substantially. Exploitation of Antarctic finfish started at the end of the 1960s. The main fishing grounds are South Georgia and Kerguelen Islands. So far about 2.3 × 106 tonnes have been harvested from the Southern Ocean and the stocks particularly around South Georgia are heavily depleted. Conservation measures adopted by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources in 1984 and 1985 are probably not sufficient to support the recovery of the stocks.
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    Taylor & Francis
    In:  South African Journal of Marine Science, 5 (1). pp. 557-564.
    Publication Date: 2020-05-26
    Description: Change of colour, consistency and pH in contents of the caecum and the stomach of laboratory-maintained long-finned squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii were determined. There was relatively little variability in any of these parameters of the specimens investigated. Colour and consistency of food or emulsion were used as a basis of analysis of stomach-caecum contents of wild squid. Most squid fed late during the night and/or during the early morning, and the frequency of caecum colour categories did not change much between trawls. Wild squid preyed upon different organisms according to their size. Squid of 69–125 mm dorsal mantle length fed mainly on euphausiids (95% by frequency of occurrence, 87,5% by mass) and those of 126–240 mm mainly on fish (78 and 74,3% respectively) with Bregmaceros?macclellandii and hake as important components. Unidentified fish in the stomachs (i.e. those from which no otoliths were available) probably also belonged to these two species.
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    Sears Foundation of Marine Research
    In:  Journal of Marine Research, 45 . pp. 259-291.
    Publication Date: 2018-01-24
    Description: One hundred and thirteen satellite-tracked buoys have been used during their first 5 months after deployment in order to calculate Lagrangian statistics of the eddy field in the northern North Atlantic between Newfoundland and the Canary basin. r.m.s. velocities are isotropic and increase from southeast to northwest. Lagrangian integral time scales, derived both from correlation function and from dispersion, are slightly anisotropic and decrease from the subtropics toward the North Atlantic Current. Time scale is inversely proportional to the r.m.s. velocity of the eddies. Eddy length scale is approximately constant in the North Atlantic. Dispersion is in good agreement with Taylor's hypothesis, following a t2-law during the first day after release and a linear increase with time during days 10 to 60. Eddy diffusivity increases from 30N to 50N by a factor of about 4 and is linearly dependent on the r.m.s. velocity. The energy containing frequency band of the eddies shifts toward higher frequencies in the northern part of the Atlantic. Beyond the cut-off frequency of the eddies the spectral slope follows a -2 or -3 power law.
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    North-Holland
    In:  Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 29 . pp. 326-331.
    Publication Date: 2017-02-13
    Description: 10Be and 230Th profiles were measured at Site 580 at a depth of 20 m (230Th and 10Be) and 80 m (10Be), corresponding to 360 ka and 1.5 Ma, respectively, with a resolution of approx. 5000 a. The radiometric sediment accumulation rates of 6.2 cmka ( ± 25%) agree well with the average for the last 730 ka (via paleomagnetic stratigraphy). Age corrected concentrations of 10Be range from 2 to 7 × 109atomsg (average 3.5 ± 1). The variations of the 10Be concentrations can be explained by changes in the sediment supply during different climatic conditions. The maxima and the minima of 10Be follow the fluctuations of excess 230Th in the core section during the last 360 ka. Fluxes of both 10Be and 230Th exceed production and vary remarkably throughout time suggesting enhanced scavenging by bioproductivity. At the Brunhess-Matuyama boundary we observe a maximum of 10Be (6.0 ± 0.3.109atomsg, corresponding to 2.5 σ deviation from the average value). However, the observed large fluctuations of Be-10 throughout the core profile make it difficult to interprete this particular maximum.
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2016-11-14
    Description: The upper part of the Deccan Traps sequence (Bushe to Mahabaleshwar Formations) shows a statistically significant tendency for the most mafic lavas to be the most contaminated by crustal materials. This is the reverse of the relationship shown by suites evolving by contamination accompanied by fractional crystallisation (AFC). The observed correlations (e.g. between Mg-number and Sr isotope initial ratios) are partly an accidental consequence of the fact that the most mafic lavas are more abundant in the lower part of the sequence, while contaminant availability declines in the upper part. It is probable, however, that the correlations are augmented by increased contamination of hotter magma batches during ascent through dykes, a process during which fractional crystallisation is suppressed by magmatic turbulence. The absence of AFC relationships suggests that most of the contamination took place during the ascent stage rather than in a magma chamber. Other continental flood basalt provinces such as the Parana and Etendeka do show AFC relationships, and it is speculated that this may be a result of magma chamber contamination coupled with flow rates which prevent contamination during ascent.
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    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 7 . pp. 253-266.
    Publication Date: 2016-11-14
    Description: High Arctic meiofaunal distribution, standing stock, sediment chemistry and benthic respiratory activity (determined by sediment oxygen consumption using a shipboard technique) were studied in summer 1980 on the NE Svalbard shelf (northern Barents Sea) and along a transect into the Nansen Basin, over a depth range of 240–3920 m. Particulate sediment proteins, carbohydrates and adenylates were measured as additional measures of benthic biomass. To estimate the sedimentation potential of primary organic matter, sediment bound chloroplastic pigments (chlorophylls, pheopigments) were assayed. Pigment concentrations were found comparable to values in sediments from the boreal and temperate N-Atlantic. Meiofauna, which was abundant on the shelf, decreased in numbers and biomasses with increasing depth, as did sediment proteins, carbohydrates, adenylates and sediment oxygen consumption. Meiofaunal abundances and biomasses within the Nansen Basin were comparable with those observed in abyssal sediments of the North Atlantic. Nematodes clearly dominated in metazoan meiofauna. Protozoans were abundant in shelf sediments. Probably in response to the sedimentation of the plankton bloom, meiofauna abundance and biomass as well as sediment proteins, carbohydrates and adenylates were significantly correlated to the amount of sediment bound chloroplastic pigments, stressing the importance of food quantity to determine benthic stocks. Ninety-four percent of the variance in sediment oxygen consumption were caused by chloroplastic pigments. Benthic respiration, calculated per unit biomass, was 3–10 times lower than in the East Atlantic, suggesting low turnover rates in combination with a high standing stocks for the high Arctic benthos.
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    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography, 17 (10). pp. 1561-1570.
    Publication Date: 2020-08-04
    Description: Quasi-homogeneous layers in vertical profiles of temperature and salinity in the eastern North Atlantic near Madeira indicate the existence of a subtropical Mode Water in the Eastern Basin. Temperature sections show a maximum horizontal extent of at least 500 km. The frequency distribution analysis of homogeneous layers in a historical XBT dataset shows a Mode Water formation region near and to the north of Madeira. This Mode Water is found at increasing depths and displaced to the west and southwest during the course of the year after its formation by wintertime convection. It disappears almost completely, due to mixing, before the next winter. Volume estimates suggest that this Madeira Mode Water in the eastern Atlantic accounts for 15–20% of the total Central Water formation in the corresponding density range as obtained from tracer studies in the North Atlantic gyre.
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    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 134 pp . Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 170 (90). DOI 10.3289/IFM_BER_170 〈http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/IFM_BER_170〉.
    Publication Date: 2013-05-22
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 166 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 99 pp.
    Publication Date: 2013-01-21
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 173 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 123 pp.
    Publication Date: 2015-10-06
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  The Baltic Marine Biologists Publication, 9 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 56 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-08-08
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    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography, 17 (2). pp. 246-263.
    Publication Date: 2018-04-04
    Description: A primitive equation model of the equatorial Pacific Ocean was forced by realistic wind stress distributions over decades. Results were presented for a set of two experiments. In the first experiment the model was forced by an objectively analyzed wind field, while for the second experiment a subjectively analyzed wind field was used. The results indicate a strong sensitivity of the model to the choice of the wind fields. Especially, model results in the eastern Pacific show big differences between the two model runs. Taking the results of the second model run the performance of the model with respect to interannual variability is investigated. Sea level, temperature and zonal currents show pronounced interannual variations within the equatorial belt from 10°N to 10°S. Special attention is given to the simulation of the 1982/83 El Niño event. The model reproduces most of the basic features, which were observed during this El Niño event. In particular the deceleration of the equatorial undercurrent, the evolution of eastward surface currents and the zonal redistribution of heat associated with an eastward propagation of warm water are simulated by the model.
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    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Marine Ecology, 8 . pp. 1-20.
    Publication Date: 2017-10-05
    Description: Benthic metabolism and standing stocks were investigated in the deep Red Sea between 21o and 27oN, Activity was assessed by the determination of respiration rates with a shipboard method and by calculating oxygen consumption from the activity in the electron transport system. We attempted to compare results from different latitudes within the warm Red Sea and with data from cold Atlantic environments. Our investigations were part of an environmental risk assessment to evaluate future mining of metalliferous sediments from the Atlantis II Deep.
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    AAPG
    In:  American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 71 (4). pp. 419-451.
    Publication Date: 2016-06-21
    Description: The basic structural and stratigraphic framework of the Gulf of Mexico Basin was established during the Late Triassic and tbe Jurassic. During the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic, as the North American plate started to separate from the South American and African plates, the area of the future basin was part of an extensive landmass broken by tensional grabens that were filled by red beds and volcanics. Marine deposition was restricted to embayments of the Pacific Ocean in northwestern and central Mexico. These marine embayments persisted during the early Middle Jurassic, but seawater did not reach the future Gulf of Mexico Basin until the Callovian. Widespread salt deposits known today from two separate areas of the basin resulted from this initial flooding. During the Late Jurassic marine conditions progressively extended over increasingly larger parts of the Gulf of Mexico Basin. However, the basin was not connected to the Atlantic Ocean until late in the Jurassic. This paleogeographic reconstruction suggests that the Gulf of Mexico Basin formed as a result of the southward drift of the Yucatan continental block away from the remainder of the North American plate. The separation began in the Late Triassic, continued slowly and sporadically during the Early and Middle Jurassic, and quickened after the Middle Jurassic salt formed. As a result, the salt deposits were split into the two segments known today, and oceanic crust formed in the center of the basin. Early in the Late Jurassic, the Yucatan platform reached its present position and the Gulf of Mexico Basin was born.
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    Technische Universität Clausthal Arbeitsgruppe Meerestechnik und Marine Mineralrohstoffe
    In:  Beiträge zur Meerestechnik, 11 . pp. 75-89.
    Publication Date: 2016-05-31
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    Royal Society of London
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 316 (1181). pp. 461-485.
    Publication Date: 2020-06-11
    Description: An overview is given of the natural systems of the North Sea: water-circulation, topography and geology of the sea floor, sediment transport, influx of trace constituents (nutrients, trace metals, organic compounds), biological systems and their interrelations. The effects of pollution and other human activities are discussed as well as the difficulties in assessing them where they are obscured by natural changes.
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  • 97
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    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 212 (2). pp. 303-324.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Description: The diet of the king penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus at Marion Island was examined throughout the year by analysis of stomach samples. Fish accounted for 87% by wet mass, 75% by numbers and 69% by reconstituted mass. Their proportional importance by wet mass increased from 68% during winter to almost 100% in summer and probably reflects a real increase in their local availability. Squid comprised most of the remainder with crustaceans forming less than 1% of the diet by numbers. Prey items were generally small, the most abundant being three species of myctophid fish, Krefftichthys anderssoni, Protomyctophum tenisonì and Electrona carlsbergi, and a squid Kondakovia longimana. King penguins took both juvenile and adult Krefftichthys anderssoni and P. tenisoni, but only adult E. carlshergi. The juvenile and adult modal size classes of K. anderssoni and P. tenisoni increased from March through to February and the proportion of juvenile to adult fish increased in winter. The increase in the modal size class of the K. anderssoni/P. tenisoni complex during the year probably reflects growth of the fish, rather than movement of different populations in and out of the area exploited by king penguins. All squid consumed were probably juveniles. The modal size class of Kondakovia longimana increased from March to August, but in September to October smaller squid again formed a large proportion of the squid component of the diet. Numbers of measurable squid beaks recovered from November to February were low. This is the first time that mesopelagic myctophid fish have been shown to comprise a major component of the diet of a vertebrate predator in the Southern Ocean.
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    Geological Society
    In:  In: Marine petroleum source rocks. , ed. by Brooks, J. Geological Society Special Publication, 26 . Geological Society, London, pp. 401-420.
    Publication Date: 2016-11-15
    Description: Correlation of the δ13C spike with the well dated occurrences of strata rich in organic carbon detailed in Schlanger et al. (this volume), indicates that a global episode of intense organic carbon (orgC) burial took place during the latest Cenomanian-earliest Turonian ‘Oceanic Anoxic Event’ (OAE) (A. plenus through I. labiatus macrofossil zones and upper R. cushmani TRZ through W. archecretacea PRZ foraminiferal zones) over a period of no more than 1 million years (m.y.). The shape of the δ13C curve indicates that rates of orgC burial gradually increased in the early part of the late Cenomanian, increased more rapidly in the later Cenomanian, and levelled off at peak values in latest Cenomanian-early Turonian time during the maximum rate of orgC burial. The δ13C values decreased nearly to pre-late Cenomanian levels in the early to middle Turonian. The decrease in δ13C reflects decreasing rates of orgC burial following the Cenomanian-Turonian ‘oceanic anoxic event’ as well as the probable oxidation and return of significant amounts of orgC to the oceans following regression and re-oxygenation of much of the deeper water masses in contact with the seafloor.
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    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 96 (1). pp. 1-10.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: Cephalopod beaks from the stomach contents of “wandering albatross” (Diomedea exulans L.) chicks from Bird Island, South Georgia, were sampled between May and September in 1983 and 1984. Lower beaks were identified and measured, and allometric data were used to calculated mantle length and biomass of the species consumed. A total of 3421 lower beaks were examined, representing 35 species in the 1983 sample and 45 species in the 1984 sample. Eight of the twenty families contributed over 95% of the biomass. In 1984 there were less Onychoteuthidae and more Ommastrephidae than in 1983 and a decrease in the number of species known to occur south of the Antarctic Polar Front. There was a difference in the size-frequency distribution of the cephalopod diet in the two years; in 1984 there was a higher frequency of intermediate-sized specimens, reflecting the greater importance of ommastrephids, especially Illex sp. The energy content of cephalopods in 1984 may have been greater than in 1983. Serial sampling of cephalopod beaks during the austral winter did not reveal evidence of growth. By the age of 200 d, wandering albatross chicks have consumed a total of approximately 100 kg wet weight of cephalopods each.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    Unknown
    Museum of Victoria
    In:  Occasional Papers from the Museum of Victoria, 3 . pp. 15-20.
    Publication Date: 2020-06-18
    Description: A checklist is presented of 27 species of cephalopods collected at Lizard lsland, North Queensland, Australia. Information on habitals and localities of the species also is included. Basedon observations of live animals and systematic evaluation of specimens, the occurrence of Ocropus ornatus, ldiosepius pygmaeus, Sepiola birostrata and S. trirostrata in Australian waters is confirmed.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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