ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: This handbooks series aims to integrate knowledge of communication structures and processes. It is global in orientation, dedicated to cultural and epistemological diversity as well as different scholarly approaches. The series features volumes on 'messages, codes and channels', 'mode of address: communication situations and context', 'methodology in communication science' and 'application areas'. The latter features volumes devoted to a large range of specialist areas of communication science. The series as a whole aims at meeting the needs of undergraduates, postgraduates, academics and researchers across the area of communication studies.

Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The Palaeozoic Era ends with the c. 47-million-year-long Permian Period. This was a major juncture in Earth history when the vast Pangean supercontinent continued its assembly and the global biota suffered the most extensive biotic decimation of the Phanerozoic, the end-Permian mass extinction. It was also the time of accumulation of vast mineral and energy deposits, notably of salt and petroleum. The temporal ordering of geological and biotic events during Permian time is, therefore, critical to the interpretation of some unique and pivotal events in Earth history. This temporal ordering is based mostly on the Permian timescale, which has been developed and refined for nearly two centuries. This book reviews the history of the development of the Permian chronostratigraphic scale. It also includes comprehensive analyses of Permian radioisotopic ages, magnetostratigraphy, isotope-based correlations, and timescale-relevant marine and non-marine biostratigraphy and biochronology.

Description / Table of Contents: Using full-colour palaeogeographical maps from the Cambrian to the present, this interdisciplinary volume explains how plate motions and surface volcanism are linked to processes in the Earth's mantle, and to climate change and the evolution of the Earth's biota. These new and very detailed maps provide a complete and integrated Phanerozoic story of palaeogeography. They illustrate the development of all the major mountain-building orogenies. Old lands, seas, ice caps, volcanic regions, reefs, and coal beds are highlighted on the maps, as well as faunal and floral provinces. Many other original diagrams show sections from the Earth's core, through the mantle, and up to the lithosphere, and how Large Igneous Provinces are generated, helping to understand how plates have appeared, moved, and vanished through time. Supplementary resources are available online, making this an invaluable reference for researchers, graduate students, professional geoscientists and anyone interested in the geological history of the Earth.

Description / Table of Contents: This work presents up-to-date research achievements from a region that displays unique interactions between climate, the environment and human evolution. Focusing on southeast Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Israel, it brings together over 80 contributions from leading researchers to review 2.5 million years of environmental change and human cultural evolution. Information from prehistoric sites and palaeoanthropological studies contributing to our understanding of 'out of Africa' migrations, Neanderthals, cultures of modern humans, and the origins of agriculture are assessed within the context of glacial-interglacial cycles, marine isotope cycles, plate tectonics, geochronology, geomorphology, palaeoecology and genetics. Complemented by overview summaries that draw together the findings of each chapter, the resulting coverage is wide-ranging and cohesive. The cross-disciplinary nature of the volume makes it an invaluable resource for academics and advanced students of Quaternary science and human prehistory, as well as being an important reference for archaeologists working in the region

Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Limnology, History and Comparative Legends -- 1: Pavin, the Birthplace of French Limnology (1770-2012), and Its Degassing Controversy (1986-2016) -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Analysis of Pavin Actors, History and Perception Through an Interdisciplinary and Intercomparative Approach -- 1.3 Pavin, a Typical Maar-Lake Above any Contamination Source -- 1.3.1 Pavin General Features -- 1.3.2 Pavin Compared to Other Lakes of the Cézallier Lake District -- 1.3.3 Pavin Compared to Other European Maar-Lakes -- 1.3.3.1 Eifel Lakes

Description / Table of Contents: 1.3.3.2 Italian Lakes -- 1.4 Pavin Scientific Exploration (1770-1985) -- 1.4.1 Chevalier's Expedition (1770) -- 1.4.2 Lecoq, the Great Auvergne Naturalist, Normalizes Pavin… with Fishes (1847-1871) -- 1.4.3 The First Golden Age of Science at Pavin: Berthoule, Delebecque, Martel, Bruyant (1880-1914) -- 1.4.3.1 Clermont Botanists and Zoologists Establish the Limnological Station at Besse -- 1.4.3.2 André Delebecque at Pavin (1892) -- 1.4.3.3 Edouard-Alfred Martel at Creux de Soucy (1892) -- 1.4.4 Pavin Meromixis Discovery by Olivier and Pelletier (1950-1960s)

Description / Table of Contents: 1.5 Pavin Acquires a Status of International Field Laboratory (1965-2000) -- 1.5.1 International Projects Select Pavin as a Pristine Lake (1965-1975) -- 1.5.2 Pavin, a Laboratory for Innovative Lake Research (1965-1986) -- 1.6 Maar Lakes Degassing Evidence in Cameroun and Italy -- 1.6.1 Nyos (21 August 1986) and Monoun (15 August 1984) Degassing Events and Their Effects on Populations -- 1.6.2 Ancient Degassing Events in Italian Maar-Lakes, Albano and Monticchio -- 1.6.2.1 The Albano Catastrophic Degassing and Spillover Event in Latium (398 BC)

Description / Table of Contents: 1.6.2.2 Monticchio Lakes (Southern Italy) and Their Pioneer Degassing Studies, 1777-1838 -- 1.7 Sensory Grid of Degassing in Maar-Lakes -- 1.8 Pavin Degassing Controversy (1986-2016) -- 1.9 Conclusions -- References -- 2: Pavin, A Rich but Fragmented History (200 AD-2016) -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Finding Pavin Puzzle Pieces -- 2.3 Pavin's History Highlights -- 2.3.1 Antiquity: A Pompeian Millstone Retrieved from Pavin Waters in 1909 -- 2.3.2 Early Antique and Medieval Worship Near Pavin, on the Vassivière Mountain

Description / Table of Contents: 2.3.3 Lacus pavens Terrifies the Whole Region Throughout the Sixteenth Century -- 2.3.3.1 The Terrible Explosion Witnessed at Vassivière by Besse People (28 August 1551 Pavin Event) -- 2.3.3.2 A Hazardous Abyss, Generating Storm, Thunder and Hail, Presented to Charles IX (1566) -- 2.3.3.3 Pavin Painted on the First Realistic Landscape Picture in France (1571-1579) -- 2.3.3.4 Pavin Marvelous Response to a Thrown Stone in Belleforest's Cosmographia Universalis (1575) -- 2.3.3.5 Lacus pavens, the Terrifying Lake, Is the Original Pavin Name (Banc 1605)

Description / Table of Contents: 2.3.4 The Admirable and Terrifying Pavens Gets Famous During the Seventeenth Century

Description / Table of Contents: Front Cover -- ADDRESSES/INSTITUTIONS -- A Concise Geologic Time Scale -- A Concise Geologic Time Scale -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- 1 - Introduction -- Geologic time scale and this book -- International divisions of geologic time and their global boundaries (GSSPs) -- Biologic, chemical, sea-level, geomagnetic, and other events or zones -- Assigned numerical ages -- Time Scale Creator database and chart-making package -- Geologic Time Scale 2020 -- Selected publications and websites -- 2 - PLANETARY TIME SCALE -- Introduction -- The Moon -- Mars -- Mercury -- Venus

Description / Table of Contents: Other solar system bodies -- Selected publications and websites -- 3 - Precambrian -- Status of international subdivisions -- Summary of Precambrian trends and events, and a potential revised time scale -- Hadean -- Archean -- Proterozoic -- Acknowledgments -- Selected publications and websites -- 4 - Cryogenian and Ediacaran -- Basal definitions and status of international subdivisions -- Cryogenian -- Selected main stratigraphic scales and events -- (1) Stable-isotope stratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, and selected events -- (2) Biostratigraphy and major trends -- Numerical age model

Description / Table of Contents: GTS2012 age model and potential future enhancements -- Revised ages compared to GTS2012 -- Acknowledgments -- Selected publications and websites -- 5 - CAMBRIAN -- Basal definition and status of international subdivisions -- Terreneuvian series -- Series 2 -- Series 3 -- Furongian series -- Selected main stratigraphic scales and events -- (1) Biostratigraphy and major trends -- (2) Stable-isotope stratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, and selected events -- Numerical age model -- GTS2012 age model and potential future enhancements -- Revised ages compared to GTS2012

Description / Table of Contents: Estimated uncertainties on assigned ages on stage boundaries -- Acknowledgments -- Selected publications and websites -- 6 - ORDOVICIAN -- Basal definition and international subdivisions -- Selected main stratigraphic scales and events -- (1) Biostratigraphy and major trends -- (2) Stable-isotope stratigraphy and selected events -- Numerical age model -- GTS2012 age model and potential future enhancements -- Estimated uncertainties on assigned ages on stage boundaries -- Acknowledgments -- Selected publications and websites -- 7 - SILURIAN -- Basal definition and international subdivisions

Description / Table of Contents: Selected main stratigraphic scales and events -- (1) Biostratigraphy (marine -- terrestrial) -- (2) Stable-isotope stratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, and selected events -- Numerical age model -- GTS2012 age model and potential future enhancements -- Estimated uncertainties on assigned ages on stage boundaries -- Acknowledgments -- Selected publications and websites -- 8 - DEVONIAN -- Basal definition and international subdivisions -- Selected main stratigraphic scales and events -- Biostratigraphy (marine -- terrestrial) -- Magnetostratigraphy -- Stable-isotope stratigraphy and selected events

Description / Table of Contents: Numerical age model

Description / Table of Contents: Section I: The Data 1. Who Receives a Geoscience Degree? 2. We are the 20%: Updated Statistics on Female Faculty in Earth Sciences in the U.S Section II: A Framework to Address the Issue 3. A Sociological Framework to Address Gender Parity. Section III: Successful Strategies to Address the Issue 4. Best Practices to Achieve Gender Parity: Lessons Learned from NSF s ADVANCE and Similar Programs. III. A: Institutional Strategies 5. Strategic Institutional Change to Support Advancement of Women Scientists in the Academy: Initial Lessons from a Study of ADVANCE IT Projects 6. Institutional Transformation: The Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory Experience 7. Dual Career, Flexible Faculty 8. Lactation in the Academy: Accommodating

Description / Table of Contents: Content: Intro & Welcome. - Introduction. - Campus Map. - Location & Dinner. - Excursions. - Natural and cultural heritage of Potsdam by bike / Bernhard Diekmann. - Quaternary geology and geomorphology by bus / Olaf Juschus. - Scientific programme. - Schedule - Overview. - Programme - Tuesday. - Programme - Thursday. - Programme - Friday. - Poster Session 1. - Sediment cores from innter Upernavik Isfjord: preliminary results / Amalie E. Cordua et al. - A younger dryas glacier readvance/retreat on Greenland's north coast, and notes on the ice sheet's response to YD cooling/warming / Svend Funder et al. - The Fast Full Stokes solver - an accurate, efficient and flexible tool for palaeo-ice sheet simulations / Josefin Ahlkrona et al. - Model of the late glacial Svalbard Ice Sheet using a coupled approximation of the full Stokes method / Evan James Gowan et al. - Numerically modelling the growth and collapse of the Barents Sea ice sheet / Henry Patton et al. - Late Weichselian and deglacial ice sheet configurations and dynamics inferred from submarine landforms and sediment cores in north-eastern Svalbard / Anne Elina Flink et al. - Ice stream dynamics and its implications on the sedimentary processes on the continental shelf edge and slope north of Nordaustlandes, Svalbard / Oscar Jacob Fransner. - Geomorphological reconstruction of the dynamics of a SW Greenland tidewater glacier through the Holocene / James Lea. - Modeling the response of two neighbouring Svalbard ice streams to similar climate forcing / James Lea et al. - Tentative age model of marine glacial landforms and related glaciations on the East Siberian and Chukchi margins / Frank Niessen et al. - Glacimarine sediment facies and morphology of the Disko Bugt trough Mouth fan, West Greenland / Colm O'Cofaigh et al. - A new quaternary sediment sequence from the eastern Mendeleev Ridge: preliminary stratigraphic subdivision based on IRD and microfossil records / Ekaterina Taldenkova et al. - A number of several warmer spells noted on eastern Svalbard during Younger Dryas - a bidecadal resolution of paleoceanographic record of Atlantic Water variability / Magdalena Lacka et al. - Quantitative micropalaeontological and sedimentary facies analysis of surface samples from the Lomonosov Ridge / Mike Marcell Zwick et al. - Specificities of sea surface evolution across the last two interglacial cycles in the southwestern Nordic Seas - a comparison / Anastasia Zhuravleva et al. - Early Holocene Atlantic Water advection and ice coverage in the Arctic Gateway / Robert F. Spielhagen et al. - Mid to late Holocene palaeoceanographic evolution of the East Greenland Current based on foraminiferal assemblage data / Kerstin Perner et al. - Past environmental variability in the eastern Fram Strait from the early deglaciation to the early Holocene reconstructed from benthic microfossils and IRD records / Yaroslav Ovsepyan. - Present and past flow regime on contourite drifts west of Spitsbergen: preliminary results from Eurofleet 2 PREPARED cruise (June 2014) / Renata G. Lucchi. - Late Quaternary central Arctic Ocean sea-ice variability: First results from biomarker studies of RV Polarstern Cruise PS87 sediment cores / Anne Kremer et al. - Mid to Late Holocene evolution of sea ice distribution and primary production on the East Greenland Shelf and the NW Fram Strait / Henriette Kolling et al. - The western Laptev Sea: High-resolution sea ice distribution and river run-off variability from post-glacial to present / Tanja Hörner et al. - Holocene modulations in the Earth's largest ice and freshwater pathway - the East Greenland Current / Christian Valdemar Dylmer et al. - Late Quaternary sediment supply variability at the Mendeleev Ridge (Arctic Ocean): Insights from grain-size distribution and ice-rafted debris composition / Evgenia Bazhenova et al. - First insights into pre-glacial Pleistocene environments in the Arctic Ocean / Leonid Polyak et al. - Poster Session 2. - Analysis of radiocarbon dates collected from the Holocene raised beach sequences on Svalbard and Franz Josef Land / Michail Anisimov et al. -Reconstruction of postglacial environmental changes at the eastern Laptev Sea continental margin / Nataliya Chistyakova et al. -Late Holocene environmental ice core record from Akademii Nauk ice cap (Severnaya Zemlya) / Diedrich Fritzsche et al. -K Fjord-head delta progradation and permafrost aggradation interpreted from a 60 m frozen sediment core, Adventdalen, Svalbard / Graham Lewis Gilbert et al. -Geochronologic challenges related to spatial and temporal discontinuities of sediments in permafrost environments: the case of Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky, Siberian Arctic / Margret Christine Fuchs et al. -Late Pleistocene and Holocene ice-rich permafrost in the Colville River valley, northern Alaska / Guido Grosse et al. -Biomarker records from the eastern continental margin off Kamchatka Peninsula and Eastern Siberia on deglacial variations in sea surface temperature, air temperature, provenance and terrestrial residence times of terrigenous organic matter in Beringia / Vera Meyer et al. -Validity of the MIS 2 glacial border in the NW Canadian Arctic based on comparing the on- and off-shore clay mineral composition / Georg Schwamborn et al. -Summer and winter proxy data from Ice Complex features in East Siberia dating back to 200 kyr / Sebastian Wetterich et al. -Thermokarst lake history and stable tundra vegetation since the 18th century in a Low Arctic setting, Yukon Territory, Canada / Juliane Wolter et al. -International Permafrost Association / Karina Schollaen et al. -Paleogeographical investigations along the Yukon Coast / Hugues Lantuit et al. - Abstracts & Adresses. - Abstracts. - The fast full stokes solver - an accurate, efficient and flexible tool for palaeo-ice sheet simulations / J. Ahlkrona et al. - Lagoons, beaches and sea-level change on NW Svalbard / H. Alexanderson et al. - Analysis of radiocarbon dates collected from the Holocene raised beach sequences on Svalbard and Franz Josef Land / M. Anisimov et al. - Late Quaternary glaciation of arctic and subarctic Urals / V. Astakhov. - Spatial shifts in North Eurasian ice sheet extent since the Middle Pleistocene / H. A. Bauch et al. - Late Quaternary sediment supply variability at the Mendeleev Ridge (Arctic Ocean): Insights from grain-size distribution and ice-rafted debris composition / E. Bazhenova et al. - Environmental variability in northeastern Siberia inferred from lake sediment records / B. K. Biskaborn et al. - The influence of subglacial hydrology on glacial dynamics during deglaciation of the central Barents Sea / L. R. Bjarnadottir et al. - Reconstruction of postglacial environmental changes at the eastern Laptev Sea continental margin / N. Chistyakova et al. - Sediment cores from inner Upernaviklsfjord: preliminary results / A. E. Cordua et al. - Arctic productivity and orbital climate cycles / T. M. Cronin et al. - Variability of the northward flux of North Atlantic waters though Fram Strait during the Holocene / A. de Vernal et al. - Applications of cavity ring-down spectroscopy to paleoclimate, including high-precision analysis of the triple oxygen isotopes in water and water vapor / K. J. Dennis et al. - Holocene modulations in the earth's largest ice and freshwater pathway - the East Greenland Current / C. Dylmer et al. - Late Weichselian and deglacial ice sheet configurations and dynamics inferred from submarine landforms and sediment cores in north-eastern Svalbard / A. E. Flink et al. - Ice stream dynamics and its implications on the sedimentary processes on the continental shelf edge and slope north of Nordaustlandes, Svalbard / O. Fransner et al. - Ice wedge polygon development on different temporal and spatial scales in the northern Yukon, Canada / M. Fritz et al. - Late Holocene environmental ice core record from Akademii Nauk ice cap (Severnaya Zemlya) / D. Fritzsche et al. - Geochronologic challenges related to spatial and temporal discontinuities of sediments in permafrost environments: the case of Bol'shoy Lyakhosky, Siberian Arctic / M. C. Fuchs et al. - A younger dryas glacier readvance/retreat on Greenland's north coast, and notes on the ice sheet's response to YD cooling/warming / S. Funder et al. - Fjord-head delta progradation and permafrost aggradation interpreted from a 60 m frozen sediment core, Adventdalen, Svalbard / G. L. Gilbert et al. - Model of the late glacial Svalbard Ice Sheet using a coupled approximation of the full Stokes method / E. J. Gowan et al. - Late Pleistocene and Holocene ice-rich permafrost in the Colville River valley, northern Alaska / G. Grosse et al. - The Batagay mega thaw slump, Yana Uplands, Yakutia, Russia: permafrost thaw dynamics on decadal time scale / F. Günther et al. - The western Laptev Sea: High-resolution sea ice distribution and river run-off variability from post-glacial to present / T. Hörner et al. - Deglaciation of the last Scandinavian-Barents ice sheet and variations in the Atlantic water inflow into the Barents Sea / E. Ivanova et al. - Onland deglaciation and provenance changes in SW Barents Sea sediments over the Late Glacial-Holocene / E. Kaparulina et al. - Climate controlled variability of an Arctic sea ice fabric / J. Knies et al. - Mid to Late Holocene evolution of sea ice distribution and primary production on the East Greenland Shelf and the NW Fram Strait / H. Kolling et al. - Late Quaternary central Arctic Ocean sea-ice variability: first results from biomarker studies of RV Polarstern Cruise PS87 sediment cores / A. Kremer et al. - Pleistocene-Holocene terrestrial palaeoenvironmental changes at the New Siberian Islands and adjacent areas (Arctic Siberia) / T. V. Kuznetsova et al. - A number of several warmer spells noted on eastern Svalbard during Younger Dryas - a bidecadal resolution of paleoceanographic record of Atlantic Water variability / M. Lacka et al. - Paleogeographical investigations along the Yukon Coast / H. Lantuit et al. - Modelling the response of two neighbouring Svalbard ice streams to similar climate forcing / J. M. Lea et al. - Geomorphological reconstruction of the dynamics of a SW Greenland tidewater glacier through the Holocene / J. M. Lea. - Past landscape and permafrost dynamics in Arctic Alaska based on sedimentary records / J. Lenz et al. - Present and past flow regime on contourite drifts west of Spitzbergen: preliminary results from Eurofleet 2 PREPARED cruise (June 2014) / R. G. Lucchi et al. - Evidence of the deep marine record of the MWP-1a on the NW-Barents Sea continental margin: Support from palaeomagnetic data / R. G. Lucchi. - Ice stream dynamics during deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet / M. Margold et al. - Biomarker records from the eastern continental margin off Kamchatka Peninsula and Eastern Siberia on deglacial variations in sea surface temperature, aire temperature, provenance and terrestrial residence times of terrigenous organic matter in Beringia / V. D. Meyer et al. - Permafrost history and environmental change at the margin of Beringia and the Laurentide Ice Sheet, Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, western Arctic Canada / J. Murton. - Postglacial environments of Nettilling Lake basin (Baffin Island, Canada) inferred by the geochemical and biological proxies / B. Narancic et al. - Tentative age model of marine glacial landforms and related glaciations on the East Siberian and Chukchi margins / F. Niessen et al. - Deglaciation of the Svalbard-Barents Sea ice sheet in the northern Barents Sea, East of Svalbard / R. Noormets et al. - The appearance of pollen on the archipelago Franz-Josef Land of the Arctic Ocean / E. Nosevich et al. - Glacimarine sediment facies and morphology of the Disko Bugt trough Mouth Fan, West Greenland / C. O'Cofaigh et al. - Ice-wedge record of Arctic winter temperatures over the past two millennia - long-term and recent warming in the Siberian Laptev Sea region / T. Opel et al. - Past environmental variability in the eastern Fram Strait from the early deglaciation to the early Holocene reconstructed from benthic microfossils and IRD records / Ya. Ovsepyan et al. - Numerically modelling the growth and collapse of the Barents Sea ice sheet / H. Patton et al. - Mid to late Holocene palaeoceanographic evolution of the East Greenland current based on foraminiferal assemblage data / K. Perner et al. - First insights into pre-glacial Pleistocene environments in the Arctic Ocean / L. Polyak et al. - Future priorities for Arctic Research / V. Rachold. - Early thinning and recession of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet in southernmost Norway - new chronological constraints from cosmogenic 10Be-dates / A. Romundset et al. - The International Permafrost Association: current initiatives for cryospheric research / K. Schollaen et al. - Validity of the MIS 2 glacial border in the NW Canadian Arctic based on comparing the on- and offshore clay mineral composition / G. Schwamborn et al. - Variability of late Holocene ocean and atmosphere circulation in the Labrador Sea and North Atlantic region - or why that which does not fit, fits extra well! / M.-S. Seidenkrantz et al. - Early Holocene atlantic water advection and ice coverage in the Arctic Gateway / R. F. Spielhagen et al.

Description / Table of Contents: The geomorphological and sedimentary record of the Holocene evolution of Jakobshavn Ibrae in Disko Bay, West Greenland / K. Streuff et al. - Catastrophic events shaping Arctic coasts - impact of tsunamis and ice-berg roll waves on coastal evolution in Greenland / M. C. Strzelecki et al. - A new Quaternary sediment sequence from the eastern Mendeleev Ridge: preliminary stratigraphic subdivision based on IRD and microfossil records / E. Taldenkova et al. - Timing and frequency of glacigenic debris flows on the Bear Island Fan - implications for the growth and decay of the Barents ice sheet / E. Pope et al. - The last northern hemispheric deglaciation: missing ice, data / model challenges, and opportunities / T. Tarasov. - Development of northern Nordic Seas deep convection during the Holocene - implications from surface and bottom water foraminiferal [Delta]13C records / M. M. Telesinski et al. - Summer and winter proxy data from ice complex features in East Siberia dating back to 200 kyr / S. Wetterich et al. - Thermokarst lake history and stable tundra vegetation since the 18th century in a low Arctic setting, Yukon territory, Canada / J. Wolter et al. - Specificites of sea surface evolution across the last two interglacial cycles in the southwestern Nordic Seas - a comparison / A. Zhuravleva et al. - Quantitative micropalaeontological and sedimentary facies analysis of surface samples from the Lomonosov Ridge / M. Zwick et al. - Index of authors. - List of participants.

Description / Table of Contents: PAST Gateways (Past Spatial and Temporal Gateways) is an IASC-endorsed network, with the scientific goal to understand and reconstruct Arctic environmental changes during the period preceding instrumental records and across decadal to millennial timescales. The focus of the six-year programme is on the nature and significance of Arctic spatial and temporal gateways, with an emphasis on the transistions between major Late Cenozoic climate events such as interglacial to full glacial and full glacial to deglacial states, as well as more recent Holocene fluctuations.

Description / Table of Contents: This Special Publication will be an important tool for geoscientists, aimed at increasing the awareness of their societal role and responsibility in conducting education, research and practice activities.What are the responsibilities of a geoscientist ? And what motivations are needed to push geoscientists to practice the Earth sciences in an ethical way?The major environmental challenges affecting human communities require not only a strictly scientific and technical preparation by the geoscientists, but also a reflection on their broader obligations towards society. It is important that geoscientists consider geoethics as an indispensable framework on which to base their training and activity. The principles of geoethics can guide them to pursue the common good by weighing the benefits and costs of each choice, and identifying eco-friendly and society-friendly solutions that guarantee the respect of the right balance between human life and the dynamics of the Earth.Communication and dissemination of geosciences should become core activities in building a knowledge-based society, which is able better to protect itself and the Earth ecosystems in order to guarantee a life in harmony with our planet for future generations.

Description / Table of Contents: Humankind has pervasively influenced the Earth's atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and cryosphere, arguably to the point of fashioning a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene. To constrain the Anthropocene as a potential formal unit within the Geological Time Scale, a spectrum of indicators of anthropogenically-induced environmental change is considered, and shown as stratigraphical signals that may be used to characterize an Anthropocene unit, and to recognize its base. This volume describes a range of evidence that may help to define this potential new time unit and details key signatures that could be used in its definition. These signatures include lithostratigraphical (novel deposits, minerals and mineral magnetism), biostratigraphical (macro- and micro-palaeontological successions and human-induced trace fossils) and chemostratigraphical (organic, inorganic and radiogenic signatures in deposits, speleothems and ice and volcanic eruptions). We include, finally, the suggestion that humans have created a further sphere, the technosphere, that drives global change.

Description / Table of Contents: Decoding the complete history of Earth and our solar system requires the placing of the scattered pages of Earth history in a precise chronological order, and the 40Ar/39Ar dating technique is one of the most trusteddating techniques to do that. The 40Ar/39Ar method has been in use for more than 40 years, and has constantlyevolved since then. The steady improvement of the technique is largely due to a better understandingof the K/Ar system, an appreciation of the subtleties of geological material and a continuous refinement ofthe analytical tools used for isotope extraction and counting. The 40Ar/39Ar method is also one of the mostversatile techniques with countless applications in archaeology, tectonics, structural geology, orogenic processesand provenance studies, ore and petroleum genesis, volcanology, weathering processes and climate,and planetary geology. This volume is the first of its kind and covers methodological developments, modelling,data handling, and direct applications of the 40Ar/39Ar technique.

Description / Table of Contents: The projects in the Future Megacities programme gain valuable experiences in developing energy efficient standards and urban structures with adequate conditions to treat resources with care and avoid unnecessary emissions. To achieve the ambitious objectives, it is essential to convince and enable people to take an active part in sustainable development. This requires qualification and education efforts at different levels, with different target groups and for different topics. This volume presents several proven and evaluated capacity building measures. Proper workmanship, individual responsibility and the ability for personal professional progress are presented in the categories Training Practice and Enabling Local Communities. The authors share their experience and inspire people to set up own comparable projects.

Description / Table of Contents: The volume highlights developments in our understanding of the palaeogeographical, palaeobiological, palaeoclimatic and cryospheric evolution of Antarctica. It focuses on the sedimentary record from the Devonian to the Quaternary Period. It features tectonic evolution and stratigraphy, as well as processes taking place adjacent to, beneath and beyond the ice-sheet margin, including the continental shelf.The contributions in this volume include several invited review papers, as well as original research papers arising from the International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences in Edinburgh, in July 2011. These papers demonstrate a remarkable diversity of Earth science interests in the Antarctic. Following international trends, there is particular emphasis on the Cenozoic Era, reflecting the increasing emphasis on the documentation and understanding of the past record of ice-sheet fluctuations. Furthermore, Antarctic Earth history is providing us with important information about potential future trends, as the impact of global warming is increasingly felt on the continent and its ocean.

Description / Table of Contents: Die Festschrift zum zehnjährigen Bestehen der Abteilung Forschung und Entwicklung (F&E) der Niedersächsischen Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen in 2012 resümiert entlang ausgewählter Meilensteine die Arbeit im vergangenen Jahrzehnt. Dabei begibt sie sich auf die Spuren des Wandels im Leitbild wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken. Gemeinsam mit Partnern aus der Wissenschaft wurden zahlreiche, wegweisende Projekte auf dem Gebiet der digitalen Forschung vorangebracht. Dieser Pionierarbeit in der deutschen Bibliothekslandschaft wird in 19 Aufsätzen von über 30 Autorinnen und Autoren nachgegangen.

Description / Table of Contents: Description Contents Resources Courses About the Authors The world's mid-ocean ridges form a single, connected global ridge system that is part of every ocean, and is the longest mountain range in the world. Geologically active, mid-ocean ridges are key sites of tectonic movement, intimately involved in seafloor spreading. This coursebook presents a multidisciplinary approach to the science of mid-ocean ridges essential for a complete understanding of global tectonics and geodynamics. Designed for graduate and advanced undergraduate students, it will also provide a valuable reference for professionals in relevant fields. Background chapters provide a historical introduction and an overview of research techniques, with succeeding chapters covering the structure of the lithosphere and crust, and volcanic, tectonic and hydrothermal processes.

Description / Table of Contents: "In this well-illustrated book, Hildebrand expands upon his model for the development of the North American Cordillera detailed in Special paper 457. Starting with an overview of Cordilleran geology he goes on to provide an in depth look at how the Rubian ribbon continent was assembled. He integrates the complex geology of the Cordillera into an actualistic model involving arc magmatism, arc-continent collision, slab failure magmatism, and transcurrent motion in both Rubia and the western North American margin. While much of the focus is on the assembly of the Rubian ribbon continent, Hildebrand explores its interactions with North America during the Sevier and Laramide events and concludes that North America was the lower plate in both"...Provided by publisher

Description / Table of Contents: Rund 70 Milliarden Euro werden in Deutschland jährlich für Forschung und Entwicklung ausgegeben. Dennoch gelingt es nicht immer, die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse in erfolgreiche Innovationen umzusetzen.Das Praxishandbuch Technologietransfer stellt neun innovative Methoden und Ansätze vor, die neue Impulse für den Erkenntnis- und Technologietransfer aus der wissenschaftlichen Forschung in die industrielle Anwendung geben. Ein Expertenteam aus verschiedenen Institutionen stellt die Methoden anschaulich vor, gibt Tipps für ihre praktische Anwendung und zeigt Wege zu ihrer Implementierung.Das Buch richtet sich an Mitarbeiter in Technologietransferstellen, Verantwortliche in wissenschaftlichen Instituten, bei Projektträgern und Förderinstitutionen, an Wissenschaftler, die selbst aktiv Transfer betreiben, und an Gatekeeper und Schnittstellenverantwortliche in Unternehmen.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume studies the driving dynamic for thick-skin tectonics. It evaluates the role of various factors that control the development of thick-skin architecture. The studied driving dynamics include individual plate movement rates, overall convergence rates, orogen movement sense with respect to mantle flow and pro-wedge versus retro-wedge location. Numerous internal factors that influence the architecture of thick-skinned dominated orogens have been considered. These include the role of the rheology of the deforming layers, the presence or absence of potential detachment horizons, basement buttresses, crustal thickness variations, inherited strength contrasts and the impact of pre-existing anisotropy in thick-skin orogenic deformation. External factors discussed include the role of both syn-tectonic erosion and deposition in deformation. The study areas begin with worldwide examples and close with a detailed coverage of the Northern Andes natural laboratory, which is characterized by particularly robust data coverage.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume presents results of a variety of case studies documenting the Late Palaeozoic climate changes and cyclicity of deposition. The collected papers cover many aspects related to palaeoenvironmental analysis with sedimentological, stratigraphic, palaeobiological, geochemical, and palaeomagnetic studies of the fossil record around the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age and soon after. They span a stratigraphic interval from Carboniferous to Permian-Triassic transition around the world.This book comprising results for a range of disciplines, is a valuable source for not only researchers who are actively working on specific aspects of the Late Palaeozoic and looking for an up-to-date reference on this inhospitable time in the Earth's history. It is also of interest to climate modellers and the wider scientific community with an interest in the latest research on the decline of the Palaeozoic World.

Description / Table of Contents: While the trend towards the growth of megacities creates huge challenges, it also offers the opportunity for reshaping mobility patterns in cities, promoting energy efficiency and principles of low carbon development. In this volume, an overview is provided of solutions comprising concepts for sustainable transportation through intelligent management, innovative instruments for integrated transport planning, modelling systems, adaptation strategies in the transport sector and concepts for enhancing public transit. Developed for five cities of the programme by transdisciplinary and international research teams in close collaboration with local stakeholders, they are presented on the background of big challenges ranging from data collection issues, modelling and planning in a fast growing environment to resistance of citizens against big infrastructure projects.

Description / Table of Contents: An essential guide for succeeding in today's competitive environment, this book provides beginning scientists and experienced researchers with practical advice on writing about their work and getting published. This new, updated edition discusses the latest print and Internet resources. Preparing, submitting and publishing scientific papers is now largely electronic, and the book has been revised to reflect this. New material includes more information on including supplementary material online, using reference management software, and preparing tables and figures; expanded sections on structuring a discussion section and the strengths and limitations of the research; and additional material on international aspects of scientific writing. The book guides readers through the processes involved in writing and publishing for scientific journals, from choosing a suitable journal to presenting results and citing references. It covers ethical issues in scientific publishing; explains rights and permissions; and discusses writing grant proposals, giving presentations and writing for general audiences.

Description / Table of Contents: State-of-the-art analysis of geological structures has become increasingly quantitative but traditionally, graphical methods are used in teaching. This innovative lab book provides a unified methodology for problem-solving in structural geology using linear algebra and computation. Assuming only limited mathematical training, the book begins with classic orientation problems and progresses to more fundamental topics of stress, strain and error propagation. It introduces linear algebra methods as the foundation for understanding vectors and tensors, and demonstrates the application of geometry and kinematics in geoscience without requiring students to take a supplementary mathematics course. All algorithms are illustrated with a suite of online MATLAB functions, allowing users to modify the code to solve their own structural problems. Containing 20 worked examples and over 60 exercises, this is the ideal lab book for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students. It will also provide professional structural geologists with a valuable reference and refresher for calculations.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Problem solving in structural geology; 2. Coordinate systems, scalars and vectors; 3. Transformations of coordinate axes and vectors; 4. Matrix operations and indicial notation; 5. Tensors; 6. Stress; 7. Introduction to deformation; 8. Infinitesimal strain; 9. Finite strain; 10. Progressive strain histories and kinematics; 11. Velocity description of deformation; 12. Error analysis

Description / Table of Contents: The Indian shield represents a vast repository of the Palaeoproterozoic geological record. Built over the four large amalgamated Archaean nuclei (Dharwar, Bastar, Singhbhum and Aravalli-Bundelkhand) the major and minor Palaeoproterozoic sedimentary basins and supracrustal sequences in India are comparable in scale, and perhaps also in development, to those of North America, Africa, Australia and Brazil. The deformation of these supracrustal sequences, attendant metamorphism and emplacement of plutonic bodies hold important clues to their connection with major orogenies. Research in these areas has led to investigations into global correlation, which in turn has had a direct bearing on refining models of Palaeoproterozoic supercontinent assembly and break-up. This book covers various aspects of regional geology as well as broader issues of the Indian Palaeoproterozoic geology and its global context. It is an outcome of the UNESCO-IGCP 509 Palaeoproterozoic Supercontinents and Global Evolution research project.

Description / Table of Contents: Provides detailed advice about how to land a good scientist job, win funding, and shape the public debate. This title argues that marketing is a critical component of the modern scientific endeavour, not only advancing personal careers but also society's knowledge. It approaches marketing as a science in itself.It's a tough time to be a scientist: universities are shutting science departments, funding organisations are facing flat budgets, and many newspapers have dropped their science sections altogether. But according to Marc Kuchner, this anti-science climate doesn't have to equal a career death knell - it just means scientists have to be savvier about promoting their work and themselves. In "Marketing for Scientists", he provides clear, detailed advice about how to land a good job, win funding, and shape the public debate. As an astrophysicist at NASA, Kuchner knows that "marketing" can seem like a superficial distraction, whether your daily work is searching for new planets or seeking a cure for cancer. In fact, he argues, it's a critical component of the modern scientific endeavour, not only advancing personal careers but also society's knowledge. Kuchner approaches marketing as a science in itself. He translates theories about human interaction and sense of self into methods for building relationships - one of the most critical skills in any profession.And he explains how to brand yourself effectively - how to get articles published, give compelling presentations, use social media like Facebook and Twitter, and impress potential employers and funders.

Description / Table of Contents: Geologists have long grappled with understanding the mechanical origins of rock deformation. Stress regimes control the nucleation, growth and reactivation of faults and fractures; induce seismic activity; affect the transport of magma; and modulate structural permeability, thereby influencing the redistribution of hydrothermal and hydrocarbon fluids. Experimentalists endeavour to recreate deformation structures observed in nature under controlled stress conditions. Earth scientists studying earthquakes will attempt to monitor or deduce stress changes in the Earth as it actively deforms. All are building upon the pioneering research and concepts of Ernest Masson Anderson, dating back to the start of the twentieth century. This volume celebrates Anderson's legacy, with 14 original research papers that examine faulting and seismic hazard; structural inheritance; the role of local and regional stress fields; low angle faults and the role of pore fluids; supplemented by reviews of Andersonian approaches and a reprint of his classic paper of 1905.

Description / Table of Contents: In this timely volume, geoscientists from both industry and academia present a contemporary view of salt at a global scale. The studies examine the influence of salt on synkinematic sedimentation, its role in basin evolution and tectonics, and ultimately in hydrocarbon prospectivity. Recent improvements in seismic reflection, acquisition and processing techniques have led to significant advances in the understanding of salt and sediment interactions, both along the flanks of vertical or overturned salt margins, and in subsalt plays such as offshore Brazil. The book is broadly separated into five major themes covering a variety of geographical and process-linked topics. These are: halokinetic sequence stratigraphy, salt in passive margin settings, Central European salt basins, deformation within and adjacent to salt, and salt in contractional settings and salt glaciers.

Description / Table of Contents: Human activities are significantly modifying the natural global carbon (C) cycles, and concomitantly influence climate, ecosystems, and state and function of the Earth system. Ever increasing amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) are added to the atmosphere by fossil fuel combustion but the biosphere is a potential C sink. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of C cycling in the biosphere is crucial for identifying and managing biospheric C sinks. Ecosystems with large C stocks which must be protected and sustainably managed are wetlands, peatlands, tropical rainforests, tropical savannas, grasslands, degraded/desertified lands, agricultural lands, and urban lands. However, land-based sinks require long-term management and a protection strategy because C stocks grow with a progressive improvement in ecosystem health.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Foreword 1. Spatial Science and Its Traditions 2. Literature Reviews 3. Research Questions 4. Data and Methods in Spatial Science 5. Graduate Degree Proposals 6. Grants and Grant Writing 7. Disseminating Research 8. Reflections on Proposal Writing in Spatial Science 9. Model Proposals 10. Thesis I: Human Systems 11. Thesis II: Human Systems-Mixed Methods 12. Dissertation I: Human-Environment Interactions 13. Dissertation II: Geo-Techniques 14. Dissertation III: Physical Systems 15. Extramural Grant I: Collaborative Research and Outreach 16. Extramural Grant II: Instrumentation 17. Extramural III: Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant 18. Intramural Grants Index

Description / Table of Contents: Lithoprobe was Canada's major national research project in the earth sciences for more than 20 years, finishing in 2005. It combined multidisciplinary earth science studies of the Canadian landmass and surrounding offshore margins to determine how the northern North American continent formed over geological time from 4000 million years ago to the present. Lithoprobe was a collaborative research project that cumulatively involved nearly 1000 scientists working in every sector of earth sciences in Canada. It greatly advanced scientific knowledge about the structure and evolution of our landmass and provided a regional geotectonic context within which petroleum, base-metal and diamond mining companies could better plan their exploration programs. Although Lithoprobe results have been published in hundreds of scientific articles during the life of the project, and in a series of special issues of the Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Special Paper 49 is the only book to be published on Lithoprobe scientific results. The volume comprises seven chapters covering the wide range of geotectonic regions studied through the ten Lithoprobe transects (study areas), plus a summary chapter. Each chapter incorporates a geological overview and discusses a range of physical parameters as appropriate to the area (e.g., crustal thickness and its variation; crustal structure, composition, seismic velocity and reflectivity; nature of orogen margins; age and style of rifting; nature and age of accreted terranes; nature and age of continental magmatic arcs; location and nature of paleo-suture zones; age and style of accretion; variation of P-T conditions through time; and the age and style of post-collisional processes). The chapters also include discussions of important aspects of orogenic and post-orogenic evolution. As such, Special Paper 49 pulls together and provides an in-depth overview of most of the major scientific results deriving from the Lithoprobe project, and an analysis of their major implications. The chapters are lengthy, with very extensive reference lists, and include a large number of illustrations, many of which, of necessity, are in colour. It is a book that will be the main source of information about the Canadian landmass for many years to come.

Description / Table of Contents: Content: Part I The Main Players. Rifted Margins: Building Blocks of Later Collision. - Intra-oceanic Subduction Zones. - The Subductability of Continental Lithosphere:The Before and After Story. - The Seismic Structure of Island Arc Crust. - Vertical Stratification of Composition, Density, and InferredMagmatic Processes in Exposed Arc Crustal Sections. - The Generation and Preservation of Mineral Deposits in Arc Continent Collision Environments. - Part II Specific Examples of Arc-Continent Collision: The Nature of the Banda Arc Continent Collisionin the Timor Region. - The Arc Continent Collision in Taiwan. - Early Eocene Arc Continent Collision in Kamchatka, Russia:Structural Evolution and Geodynamic Model. - The Asia Kohistan India Collision: Review and Discussion. - Processes of Arc Continent Collision in the Uralides. - The Record of Ordovician Arc Arc and Arc Continent Collisions in the Canadian Appalachians During the Closure of Iapetus. - Arc Continent Collision in the Ordovician of Western Ireland: Stratigraphic, Structural and Metamorphic Evolution. - Multiple Arc Development in the Paleoproterozoic Wopmay Orogen, Northwest Canada. - Part III Models of Arc-Continent Collision Processes: The Origin of Obducted Large-Slab Ophiolite Complexes. - Physical Modeling of Arc Continent Collision: A Reviewof 2D, 3D, Purely Mechanical and Thermo Mechanical Experimental Models. - Part IV Putting it All Together: Arc Continent Collision: The Making of an Orogen

Description / Table of Contents: This collection of papers presents recent advances in the study of deformation mechanisms and rheology and their applications to tectonics. Many of the contributions exploit new petrofabric techniques, particularly electron backscatter diffraction, to help understand evolution of rock microstructure and mechanical properties. Papers in the first section (lattice preferred orientations and anisotropy) show a growing emphasis on the determination of elastic properties from petrofabrics, from which acoustic properties can be computed for comparison with in-situ seismic measurements. Such research will underpin geodynamic interpretation of large-scale active tectonics. Contributions in the second section (microstructures, mechanisms and rheology) study the relations between microstructural evolution during deformation and mechanical properties. Many of the papers explore how different mechanisms compete and interact to control the evolution of grain size and petrofabrics. Contributors make use of combinations of laboratory experiments, field studies and computational methods, and several relate microstructural and mechanical evolution to large-scale tectonic processes observed in nature.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: I. Grenzerreichnung – Grenzüberschreitung ; Planetare Grenzen, globale Entwicklung ; Vier Grad? Ein Blick hinter die 2-°C-Leitplanke ; Globale Biodiversitätsverluste – es geht um Werte ; Globale Motorisierung – Pyrrhus-Sieg des Automobils ; Gradwanderungen – Klimawandel und Migration ; Das Anthropozän. Umweltpolitische Herausforderungen des neuen Zeitalters ; II. Globale umweltpolitische Aktionsfelder ; Globale Umweltregime im Test: Ozon-, Klima-, Biodiversitäts-, Stoff- und Abfallpolitik ; Internationale Waldpolitik – Prinzip Freiwilligkeit ; Internationale Wasserpolitik – quo vadis? ; Auf dem Weg zu einer globalen Chemikalienpolitik? ; III. Globale ökologische Wende ; „Erdsystem-Governance“. Plädoyer für ein neues Paradigma der globalen Umweltpolitik ; Universelle Ziele für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Klimaschutz als Weltbürgerbewegung ; Gewerkschaften als Akteure der Großen Transformation ; Das umweltpolitische Potenzial von Individuen ; Klima-Showdown in Paris ; Globale Ressourcenwende – eine neue Fortschrittsidee ; Global nachhaltige Bodennutzung – ein Plädoyer ; Entmüllung der Ozeane – die Plastikfischer ; Das Endlager-Dilemma. Über den Umgang mit Atommüll ; TTIP – ein Angriff auf Umweltschutz, Demokratie und Rechtsstaat ; Weltaktionsprogramm „Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung“ ; IV. Vordenker und Vorreiter ; Vandana Shiva – eine Kämpferin für Umweltgerechtigkeit ; Jacqueline McGlade – die umweltpolitische Netzwerkerin ; Naomi Klein – die internationale politische Aktivistin ; Im memoriam Günter Grass: Ein großer grüner Poet ; V. Umweltinstitutionen ; Donella Meadows Institute ; Instituut voor Milieuvraagstukken ; Worldwatch Institute ; VI. Deutsche Umweltinstitutionen ; Globale Umweltpolitik und das Bundesamt für Naturschutz ; Globale Umweltpolitik und das Umweltbundesamt ; Globale Umweltarbeit der Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: High-resolution Paleoclimatology - R. Bradley What is high-resolution paleoclimatology? What are its major achievements? What opportunities and challenges does it now face? What should dendroclimatology's role be in this? Chapter 2: Dendroclimatology in high-resolution Paleoclimatology - M. K. Hughes, H. F. Diaz and Th. W. Swetnam An overview of the development of dendroclimatology and an introduction to the questions posed in this book. Scientific bases of dendroclimatology Chapter 3: How well understood are the processes that create tree-ring records? - G. Vaganov Starting at the most basic level of the environmental control of tree-ring formation, do we have the necessary biological and ecophysiological understanding of this to support inferences about climate variability from tree rings? What are the weak points of this understanding and how might they be strengthened? Chapter 4: The state of the art of quantitative methods in dendroclimatology - E. Cook How sound are the quantitative techniques commonly used in dendroclimatology, in chronology building, identification and reconstruction of climate variables and the checking of these reconstructions? Are they appropriate to the material being analyzed and to the climatological problems being addressed? How might they be improved? Chapter 5: Detecting low-frequency change using tree rings - K. Briffa What limits the ability of tree-ring records to faithfully record climate variability at low frequencies (multi-centennial to millennial)? How might those limitations be overcome, if at all? What are the advantages and limitations of older and more novel approaches? What are the implications of these limitations? Reconstruction of climate patterns and values relative to today's climate Chapter 6: Dendroclimatology at regional and continental scales - R. Villalba What have been the major contributions of dendroclimatology to climatology so far? In what regions and for which climate problems is exciting progress now being made? What next? Chapter 7: Dendroclimatology at hemispheric and global scales - M. K. Hughes and M. Mann What are the achievements of dendroclimatology as applied at hemispheric and global scales climate patterns, circulation indices and large-scale means? What are the limitations of this approach? How might they be overcome? How might dendroclimatology contribute to the study of central pressing problems such as "How big is climate sensitivity? How has the last century, and especially recent decades, compared with earlier centuries? How faithful a representation of variability in recent centuries does the 20th century instrumental record give? Particular attention will be given to: a) identifying the most robust findings; and b) the most serious limitations. Chapter 8: Dendroclimatology, dendrohydrology and water resources management - C. Woodhouse and D. Meko How may dendroclimatology contribute to the study of water resources? How may it be used to inform modern public and decision-maker expectations of climate variability? Chapter 9: Dendroclimatology and the ecosystem impacts of climate - Th. W. SwetnamHow has dendroclimatology contributed to disturbance ecology? What is the significance of the recent changes in tree-growth-climate relationships observed in some regions, not only for dendroclimatology, but also for the understanding of the impacts of climate variability and change on ecosystems? Chapter 10: Dendroclimatology and the understanding of the interactions between climate variability and ancient human societies - D. Stahle and J. DeanHow has dendroclimatology contributed to understanding of the relationships between climate variability and societies in ancient times? Chapter 11: Tree rings and climate- sharpening the focus - M. K. Hughes, H. F. Diaz and Th. W. Swetnam What has been learned, using tree rings, about natural climate variability and its environmental and social impacts? What are the most significant strengths and weaknesses of dendroclimatology and the needs of, and opportunities for, future work.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume presents an overview of the current state of dendroclimatology, its contributions over the last 30 years, and its future potential. The material included is useful not only to those who generate tree-ring records of past climate-dendroclimatologists, but also to users of their results - climatologists, hydrologists, ecologists and archeologists.

Description / Table of Contents: Fold-and-thrust belts occur worldwide, have formed in all eras of geological time, and are widely recognized as the most common mode in which the crust accommodates shortening. Much current research on the structure of fold-and-thrust belts is focused on structural studies of regions or individual structures and on the geometry and evolution of these regions employing kinematic, mechanical and experimental modelling. In keeping with the main trends of current research, this title is devoted to the kinematic evolution and structural styles of a number of fold-and-thrust belts formed from Palaeozoic to Recent times. The papers included in this book cover a broad range of different topics, from modelling approaches to predict internal deformation of single structures, 3D reconstructions to decipher the structural evolution of groups of structures, palaeomagnetic studies of portions of fold-and-thrust belts, geometrical and kinematical aspects of Coulomb thrust wedges and structural analyses of fold-and-thrust belts to unravel their sequence of deformations.

Description / Table of Contents: This thesis summarizes the results of the WSM project's second phase (1996 - 2008). In particular it presents the major achievements that have been accomplished with the WSM 2008 database release that has been compiled under the guidance of the author. Furthermore, the thesis briefly presents three of the author's numerical models that aim at quantification the temporal changes of the crustal stress field.