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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    River Edge, NJ : World Scientific
    Call number: 8/M 17.90372
    Description / Table of Contents: "Earthquakes and Animals places in front of the reader the simple laboratory evidence of the behavior of animals, plants and objects when they are subjected to intense electromagnetic pulses - of the kind created by rocks under stress before an earthquake. In many cases they behave in ways that have been recorded for centuries - and are still reported today - as earthquake-related." "Written for both the general public and scientists, Earthquakes and Animals demonstrates, using many experiments, that the old earthquake legends are probably rare natural phenomena. It also adds tantalisingly to the science of earthquake forecasting and cautiously suggests a legitimate new field of study - Electromagnetic Seismology."--BOOK JACKET
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xix, 295 Seiten , Illustratione, Karten
    ISBN: 9812385916 (print) , 9789812385918 (print)
    Classification:
    Natural Disasters, Disaster Management
    Language: English
    Note: 1. Legends of unusual phenomena before earthquakeswisdom or superstition? -- 2. Precursors before recent earthquakes -- Kobe, Izmit, Taiwan and India -- 3. Earth sciences and electromagnetism -- 4. Unusual animal behavior : I -- what do they detect? -- electric field effects -- 5. Unusual animal behavior : II -- rock compression and increased animal activity -- 6. Unusual plant responses before earthquakes -- 7. Atmospheric precursors -- earthquake light, clouds, sun, moon, stars and rainbows -- 8. Precursor phenomena -- on land, sea and elsewhere -- 9. Mysteries before earthquakes : the behavior of electric appliances -- 10. Forecasting using animal monitoring -- 11. Monitoring seismo-electromagnetic signals (SEMS) -- a general survey -- 12. Summary..
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Washington, D.C : National Academy Press
    Associated volumes
    Call number: AWI A3-17-90661-2
    In: Issues in the integration of research and operational satellite systems for climate research, 2
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xvi, 82 S. , Ill.
    ISBN: 0309069947 (print; v. 2 : pbk.) , 9780309069946 (print; v. 2 : pbk.)
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Type of Medium: Non-book medium
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Amsterdam : Elsevier Science/Butterworth-Heinemann
    Call number: 0750674571 (e-book)
    Description / Table of Contents: 'The Diversity Scorecard' is designed to provide step-by-step instructions, worksheets and examples to help diversity executives and managers analyze and track the impact of their diversity initiatives to mobilize the organization for strategic culture change. Diversity is not a program; it is a systemic process of organizational change that requires measurement for organizational improvement and success. Measuring the progress and results of diversity initiatives is a key strategic requirement to demonstrate its contribution to organizational performance. Diversity executives, professionals and managers know they must begin to show how diversity is linked to the bottom-line in hard numbers or they will have difficulty maintaining funds, gaining support, and obtaining resources to generate progress. Many organizations collect some type of diversity-related data today, even if it focuses only on Affirmative Action statistics. "The Diversity Scorecard" focuses on tools and techniques to make sure diversity professionals are collecting and measuring the right type of data that will help ensure the organization"s success both now and in the future. This book helps the reader spend some time thinking about what they currently measure and adding new measures to a database to track progress towards their diversity vision. The basic premises of this book are that it is important to develop measures that focus on the past, present, and future; and that measures need to consider the needs of the organization"s diverse workforce, its work climate, diverse customers, the community, and shareholders. Part I of "The Diversity Scorecard" identifies the need for diversity measurement highlighting a business case for diversity and providing an introduction to diversity measurement. Part II of the book outlines the diversity return on investment (DROI) process taking you through step-by-step processes and techniques. Part III teaches you how to use measures in six key categories - Diversity Leadership Commitment, Workforce Profile Representation, Workplace Climate, Learning & Growth, Diverse Customer / Community Partnerships, and Financial Impact - to build a diversity scorecard that is aligned and linked with the business strategy of the organization. Finally, in Part IV, Dr. Hubbard discusses implementation issues involving strategic change procedures and techniques to avoid the pitfalls inherent in a diversity-based cultural transition process.
    Type of Medium: 12
    Pages: xviii, 348 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest, 2015. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest affiliated libraries.
    ISBN: 1-4175-0785-3 , 978-1-4175-0785-6 , 0-7506-7457-1 , 978-0-7506-7457-7
    Series Statement: Improving human performance series
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Part I: The Need for Diversity Management Chapter 1 - The Business Case for Diversity Chapter 2 - Introduction to Diversity Measurement Part II: The Diversity Return-on-Investment (DROI) Process Chapter 3 - Introduction to the Diversity ROI Process Chapter 4 - Planning and Collecting Data Chapter 5 - Evaluating Diversity's Contribution Chapter 6 - Track and Assess Progress Part III: Building a Diversity Scorecard Chapter 7 - Basic Diversity Scorecard Components Chapter 8 - Diversity Leadership Commitment Perspective Chapter 9 - Workforce Profile Perspective Chapter 10 - Workplace Culture/Climate Perspective Chapter 11 - Learning and Growth Perspective Chapter 12 - Diverse Customer/Community Partnership Perspective Chapter 13 - Financial Impact Perspective Chapter 14 - Building Your Diversity Scorecard Part IV: Implementation Issues Chapter 15 - Achieving Strategic Alignment from Top to Bottom Chapter 16 - Implementing the Diversity Scorecard Process Appendix A - Hubbard Diversity Measurement and Productivity (DM&P) Institute: Creating Applied Sciences for Measuring Diversity Performance and Results Index About the Author
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  • 5
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    facet.materialart.12
    Washington, D.C. : George Washington University
    Description / Table of Contents: This handbook is for any educator teaching a topic that includes data analysis or computation in order to support learning. It is not just for educators teaching courses in engineering or science, but also data journalism, business and quantitative economics, data-based decision sciences and policy, quantitative health sciences, and digital humanities. It aims to provide an entry point, and a broad overview of Jupyter in education. Whether you are already using Jupyter to teach, you have found learning materials built on Jupyter that piqued your curiosity, or have never heard of Jupyter, the material in this open book can empower you to use this technology in your teaching. Project Jupyter is a broad collaboration that develops open-source tools for interactive and exploratory computing. The tools include: over 100 computer languages (with a focus on Python), the Jupyter Notebook, JupyterHub, and an ecosystem of extensions contributed by a large community. The Jupyter Notebook has exploded in popularity since late 2014, fueled by its adoption as the favorite environment for doing data science. It has also grown as a platform to use in the classroom, to develop teaching materials, to share lessons and tutorials, and to create computational stories. Notebooks are documents containing text narratives with images and math, combined with executable code (many languages are supported) and the output of that code. This marriage of content and code makes for a powerful new form of data-based communication. Educators everywhere are adopting Jupyter for teaching. Educators newly adopting Jupyter can be overwhelmed by having to navigate the ecosystem of tools and content. They could study many examples, or consume a myriad of blog posts and videos of talks to distill the patterns of good practices and technical solutions to serve their students best. Several early adopters, having much experience to share, decided to begin collecting this know-how, and share open documentation about using Jupyter for teaching and learning. The result is this open book: a living document that captures the experiences of community members using Jupyter in education. The Jupyter Community Workshop in Washington, DC (November 2018) began that process, with a book sprint aimed at producing the first version of this handbook. The collaboratively written book consolidates explanations and examples covering key topics, including: what is Jupyter, how to try Jupyter, sharing notebooks with students, locally installing Jupyter, cloud offerings, finding example notebooks, writing lessons in Jupyter, making collections for a course, exporting to other formats with nbconvert, writing textbooks with Jupyter, using Binder and JupyterHub, making assignments and auto-grading, making online courses, teaching with Jupyter in the classroom, active learning and flipped learning pedagogies with Jupyter, and guiding learners to create their own content in Jupyter. This open handbook will grow to encompass all you need to know about Jupyter in teaching and learning.
    Type of Medium: 12
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Language: English
    Note: 1 Introduction Acknowledgments 2 Why we use Jupyter notebooks 2.1 Why do we use Jupyter? 2.2 But first, what is Jupyter Notebook? 2.3 Course benefits & anecdotes 2.4 Student benefits 2.5 Instructor benefits 2.6 Conclusions 3 Notebooks in teaching and learning 3.1 Oh the places your notebooks will go! 3.2 Before You Begin… 4 A catalogue of pedagogical patterns 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Shift-Enter for the win 4.3 Fill in the blanks 4.4 Target Practice 4.5 Twiddle, tweak, and frob 4.6 Notebook as an app 4.7 Win-day-one 4.8 Top-down sequence 4.9 Two bites at every apple 4.10 Coding as translation 4.11 Symbolic math over pencil + paper 4.12 Replace analysis with numerical methods 4.13 The API is the lesson 4.14 Proof by example, disproof by counterexample 4.15 The world is your dataset 4.16 Now you try (with different data or process) 4.17 Connect to external audiences 4.18 There can be only one 4.19 Hello, world! 4.20 Test driven development 4.21 Code reviews 4.22 Bug hunt 4.23 Adversarial programming 5 Jupyter Notebook ecosystem 5.1 Language support: kernels 5.2 Using Jupyter notebooks 5.3 Authoring Jupyter notebooks 5.4 Tips and tricks 5.5 Gotchas 6 Getting your class going with Jupyter 6.1 Local installation on students’ or lab computers 6.2 Jupyter on remote servers 6.3 Distribution and collection of materials 6.4 Assessing student learning with Jupyter notebooks 6.5 How do you create Jupyter notebooks for reuse and sharing? 6.6 Jupyter: a 21st Century genre of Open Educational Resources and practices 7 Usage case studies 7.1 Jupyter notebooks in support of scaling for large enrollments 7.2 The “CFD Python” story: guiding learners at their own pace 7.3 Analyzing music with music21 7.4 Interactivity in computer science (high school and middle school) 7.5 Interactive geophysics with Jupyter 7.6 Investigating hurricanes 8 About the authors 8.1 Project lead 8.2 Authors at the sprint 9 Glossary References
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  • 6
    In: Marine Chemistry, 3664
    Description / Table of Contents: Profiles of particulate and dissolved 234Th (t1/2=24.1 days) in seawater and particulate 234Th collected in drifting traps were analyzed in the Barents Sea at five stations during the ALV3 cruise (from June 28 to July 12, 1999) along a transect from 78°15′N–34°09′E to 73°49′N–31°43′E. 234Th/238U disequilibrium was observed at all locations. 234Th data measured in suspended and trapped particles were used to calibrate the catchment efficiency of the sediment traps. Model-derived 234Th fluxes were similar to 234Th fluxes measured in sediment traps based on a steady-state 234Th model. This suggests that the sediment traps were not subject to large trapping efficiency problems (collection efficiency ranges from 70% to 100% for four traps). The export flux of particulate organic carbon (POC) can be calculated from the model-derived export flux of 234Th and the POC/234Th ratio. POC/234Th ratios measured in suspended and trapped particles were very different (52.0±9.9 and 5.3±2.2 μmol dpm−1, respectively). The agreement between calculated and measured POC fluxes when the POC/234Th ratio of trapped particles was used confirms that the POC/234Th ratio in trap particles is representative of sinking particles. Large discrepancies were observed between calculated and measured POC fluxes when the POC/234Th ratio of suspended particles was used. In the Barents Sea, vertical POC fluxes are higher than POC fluxes estimated in the central Arctic Ocean and the Beaufort Sea and lower than those calculated in the Northeast Water Polynya and the Chukchi Sea. We suggest that the latter fluxes may have been strongly overestimated, because they were based on high POC/234Th ratios measured on suspended particles. It seems that POC fluxes cannot be reliably derived from thorium budgets without measuring the POC/234Th ratio of sediment trap material or of large filtered particles.
    Type of Medium: 13
    ISSN: 0304-4203 , 1872-7581
    Language: English
    Note: Outline Abstract Keywords 1. Introduction 2. Methods 2.1. Sample collection 2.2. 234Th analyses 2.3. Particulate organic carbon analyses 3. Results 3.1. Hydrography 3.2. Nutrients 3.3. 234Th activities and POC concentrations 3.4. Trapped material 4. Discussion 4.1. Origins of 234Th/238U disequilibrium 4.2. Determining 234Th fluxes 4.3. Calibration of sediment trap with 234Th 4.4. Vertical flux of particulate organic carbon and the POC/234Thp ratio 5. Conclusion Acknowledgements References
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  • 7
    Journal available for loan
    Journal available for loan
    Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck ; 1.1884 - 48.1931; N.F. 1.1932/33 - 10.1943/44(1945),3; 11.1948/49(1949) -
    Call number: ZS 22.95039
    Type of Medium: Journal available for loan
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1614-0974 , 0015-2218 , 0015-2218
    Language: German , English
    Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.12
    Offenbach : GABAL
    Call number: 9783862000654 (e-book)
    Type of Medium: 12
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (293 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 978-3-89749-434-3 , 9783862000654
    Language: German
    Note: Inhalt Zu diesem Buch Begriffsklärungen 1. Kompetenzfelder 2. Information und Kommunikation 3. Techniken, Methoden, Werkzeuge etc A Umfassende Kommunikationsmodelle 1. Das Modell von Paul Watzlawick 1.1 Die systemtheoretische Grundlage 1.2 Die fünf Kommunikationsregeln Literatur 2. Die Transaktionsanalyse 2.1 Analyse der Persönlichkeitsstruktur 2.2 Analyse von Transaktionen 2.3 Die vier menschlichen Grundeinstellungen 2.4 Die Spielanalyse Literatur 3. Das Modell von Friedemann Schulz von Thun 3.1 Die vier Seiten einer Nachricht 3.2 Die vier Ohren des Empfängers Literatur 4. Das Modell von Thomas Gordon 4.1 Die Führungskraft als Problemlöser 4.2 Senden von Ich-Botschaften 4.3 Das Lösen von Führungsproblemen Literatur 5. Systemische Gesprächsführung 5.1 Ziel der systemischen Gesprächsführung 5.2 Regeln systemischer Gesprächsführung 5.3 Typische Schritte im Prozess einer systemischen Beratung Literatur 6. Neuro-Linguistisches Programmieren (NLP) 6.1 Zum Hintergrund des Namens 6.2 Zweck und Anwendungsbereiche des NLP 6.3 Schlüsselbegriffe und Kerntechniken 6.4 Regeln zur Kommunikationsverbesserung Literatur 7. Themenzentrierte Interaktion (TZI) 7.1 Die drei Faktoren der TZI 7.2 Die drei Axiome der TZI 7.3 Die Postulate der TZI 7.4 Die Hilfsregeln der TZI Literatur B Teilaspekte der Kommunikation 1. Fragetechniken 1.1 Funktionen von Fragen 1.2 Frageformen 1.3 Regeln für ein richtiges Frageverhalten Literatur 2. Zuhörtechniken 2.1 Zuhören als persönliche Arbeitstechnik 2.2 Passives Zuhören 2.3 Aktives Zuhören 2.4 Kommunikationsfördernde Zuhörtechniken 2.5 Analytisches Zuhören Literatur 3. Feedback 3.1 Sinn und Zweck des Feedbacks 3.2 Die Ausgangssituation 3.3 Feedback richtig geben Literatur 4. Körpersprache 4.1 Hintergrund und Wirkungsweise der Körpersprache 4.2 Interpretation der Körpersprache 4.3 Körpersprache im Gespräch und bei Verhandlungen Literatur 5 Gesprächsführung 5.1 Grund und Ziel von Gesprächen 5.2 Organisatorische Vorbereitungen 5.3 Gesprächsdurchführung Literatur C Besondere Kommunikationszwecke 1. Rhetorik 1.1 Tipps zur Sprache 1.2 Tipps zur inhaltlichen Gestaltung Literatur 2. Präsentation und Mediennutzung 2.1 Die Vorbereitung 2.2 Die Durchführung 2.3 Die Medien Literatur 3. Lehrmethoden 3.1 Dozentenorientierte Methoden 3.2 Teilnehmerorientierte Methoden Literatur 4. Die Moderationsmethode 4.1 Der Moderator 4.2 Visualisierung 4.3 Frage- und Antworttechniken 4.4 Die Moderation Literatur 5. Diskussions- und Konferenztechniken 5.1 Vorbereitung der Diskussion bzw. Konferenz 5.2 Gestaltung der Diskussion bzw. Konferenz 5.3 Diskussions- und Konferenzmethoden Literatur 6. Die Fünfsatztechnik 6.1 Grundstruktur des Fünfsatzes 6.2 Fünfsatzformen Literatur 7. Verhandlungstechniken 7.1 Grundaspekt Nr. 1: Menschen und Probleme trennen 7.2 Grundaspekt Nr. 2: Auf Interessen statt auf Positionen konzentrieren 7.3 Grundaspekt Nr. 3: Entscheidungsmöglichkeiten mit Vorteilen für beide Seiten entwickeln 7.4 Grundaspekt Nr. 4: Neutrale Kriterien zur Ergebnisbewertung entwickeln 7.5 Mit Widerstand umgehen Literatur 8. Argumentationstechniken 8.1 Signalwörter für Prämissen und Konklusionen 8.2 Regeln für gekonntes Argumentieren 8.3 Typische Argumentationsmuster Literatur 9. Open Space 9.1 Die Prinzipien des Open Space 9.2 Empfehlungen für Open Space Literatur 10. Mediation 10.1 Grundlagen 10.2 Die acht Phasen des Mediationsprozesses 10.3 Das Harvard-Konzept als Mediationsvariante Literatur 11. Wirkungsvoll schreiben 11.1 Die Vorbereitungen 11.2 Methoden zum Strukturieren eines Textes 11.3 Auf die Feinheiten achten Literatur 12. Empfängerorientiert korrespondieren 12.1 Regel Nr. 1: Schreiben Sie in kurzen Sätzen 12.2 Regel Nr. 2: Setzen Sie Tätigkeitswörter (Verben) ein 12.3 Regel Nr. 3: Meiden Sie „Hauptwortzusammen-setzungen" 12.4 Regel Nr. 4: Gehen Sie im ersten Satz positiv auf den Adressaten ein 12.5 Regel Nr. 5: Setzen Sie den Sie-Stil ein 12.6 Regel Nr. 6: Gliedern und ordnen Sie Zahlen und Daten übersichtlich 12.7 Regel Nr. 7: Steigern Sie die Anschaulichkeit Ihrer Aussagen 12.8 Regel Nr. 8: Formulieren Sie mit Aktiv-Konstruktionen 12.9 Regel Nr. 9: Drücken Sie sich knapp und präzise aus 12.10 Regel Nr. 10: Aktivieren Sie im Schlusssatz den Empfänger Literatur 13. Das Verkaufsgespräch 13.1 Phase Nr. 1: Kontakt schaffen 13.2 Phase Nr. 2: Bedarf ermitteln 13.3 Phase Nr. 3: Produkt präsentieren 13.4 Phase Nr. 4: Argumentieren 13.5 Phase Nr. 5: Gelungen abschließen Literatur 14. Das Mitarbeitergespräch 14.1 Das richtige Kommunikationsverhalten im Mitarbeitergespräch 14.2 Kooperation statt Konfrontation: Das richtige Verhalten im Kritikgespräch Literatur 15. Das Bewerbergespräch 15.1 Phasen eines Bewerbergespräches 15.2 Interviewformen 15.3 Fragen im Bewerbergespräch Literatur Stichwortverzeichnis
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  • 9
    Unknown
    Tokyo : TERRAPUB
    Keywords: seismotectonics ; convergent plate boundary ; seismic velocity ; conductivity ; crustal activity ; active faults ; seismotectonics in the subduction zone Japan ; seismotectonics around the active convergent zones ; models of subduction zones ; earthquake ; Turkey ; Taiwan ; in-situ measurements ; scismotectonics ; earthquake hazard mitigation
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthetic Discussions --- Geophysical Studies of the Northern Cascadia Subduction Zone off Western Canada and Their Implications for Great Earthquake Seismotectonics: A Review / Ron M. Clowes and Roy D. Hyndman / pp. 1-23 --- Understanding the Seismotectonics of the Cascadia Subduction Zone: Overview and Recent Seismic Work / Thomas L. Pratt, Craig S. Weaver, Thomas M. Brocher, Thomas Parsons, Michael A. Fisher, Kenneth C. Creager, Robert S. Crosson, Roy D. Hyndman, George Spence, Anne M. Tréhu, Kate C. Miller and Uri S. TEN Brink / pp. 25-36 --- Long-Term Probabilistic Forecast in Japan and Time-Predictable Behavior of Earthquake Recurrence / Kunihiko Shimazaki / pp. 37-43 --- Recipe for Estimating Strong Ground Motions from Active Fault Earthquakes / Kojiro Irikura / pp. 45-55 --- Seismic Velocity --- New Features of Island Arc Crust Inferred from Seismic Refraction/Wide-Angle Reflection Expeditions in Japan / Takaya Iwasaki, Toshikatsu Yoshii, Naoshi Hirata and Hiroshi Sato / pp. 57-70 --- Seeking the Cause of Large Crustal Earthquakes in Japan: Influence of Arc Magma and Fluids / Dapeng Zhao / pp. 71-91 --- Conductivity --- Stress, Stress Release and Geoelectromagnetism / Fiona Simpson / pp. 93-106 --- Network-MT Survey in Japan to Determine Nation-Wide Deep Electrical Conductivity Structure / Makoto Uyeshima, Masahiro Ichiki, Ikuko Fujii, Hisashi Utada, Yasunori Nishida, Hideyuki Satoh, Masaaki Mishina, Tadashi Nishitani, Satoru Yamaguchi, Ichiro Shiozaki, Hideki Murakami and Naoto Oshiman / pp. 107-121 --- Understanding of Seismic Activity Using Conductivity Data in the Central Part of Northeastern Japan / Yukio Fujinawa, Noriaki Kawakami, Jun Inoue, Theodore H. Asch, Shinji Takasugi and Yoshimori Honkura / pp. 123-140 --- Crustal Activity --- Monitoring of Crustal Deformation in Japan Using L-band SAR Interferometry / Makoto Murakami, Satoshi Fujiwara, Takuya Nishimura, Mikio Tobita, Hiroyuki Nakagawa, Shinzaburo Ozawa and Masaki Murakami / pp. 141-146 --- Detection of a Coupling State in the Tokai Plate-Subducting Region Based on Microearthquake Seismicity and on Crustal Deformation / Shozo Matsumura / pp. 147-155 --- Coseismic Slip Distribution of the 1944 Tonankai and 1946 Nankai Earthquakes / Yuichiro Tanioka / pp. 157-165 --- The Southern California Integrated GPS Network (SCIGN) / Kenneth W, Hudnut, Yehuda Bock, John E. Galetzka, Frank H. Webb and William H. Young / pp. 167-189 --- Crustal Movement in Southwest Japan, Deduced from Continuous GPS Measurements, and Its Seismotectonic Implications / Kaoru Miyashita, Jianxin Li and Takashi Kawachi / pp. 191-200 --- Active Faults --- Deep Geometry and Evolution of Active Faults in Northern Honshu, Japan / Hiroshi Sato, Naoshi Hirata And Takaya Iwasaki / pp. 201-207 --- Rupturing History of Active Faults during the Last 1000 Years in the Central Japan / Eikichi Tsukuda / pp. 209-218 --- Active Faulting, Lower Crustal Delamination and Ongoing Hidaka Arc-Arc Collision, Hokkaido, Japan / Tanio Ito / pp. 219-224 --- Seismotectonics in the Subduction Zone: Japan --- Inhomogeneous Structure of the Crust and Its Relationship to Earthquake Occurrence / Norihito Umino and Akira Hasegawa / pp. 225-235 --- Configuration of the Philippine Sea Slab and Seismic Activity in the Tokai Region, Central Japan / Satoshi Harada and Akio Yoshida / pp. 237-246 --- On-Line Operating Network of the High Gain Seismometers and Tsunami Sensors, Deployed at the Sea-Floor of the Sagami Trough Subduction Zone, Central Japan / Takao Eguchi, Yukio Fujinawa, Eisuke Fujita, Sin-Iti Iwasaki, Isao Watabe, Hiroaki Negishi and Hiroyuki Fujiwara / pp. 247-260 --- Seismotectonics around the Active Convergent Zones --- Seismotectonics of the Frontal Himalaya through the Electrical Conductivity Imaging / B. R. Arora / pp. 261-272 --- Models of Subduction Zones --- A Simple Review on the Simulation of Earthquake Cycle at Subduction Zones / Kazuro Hirahara / pp. 273-282 --- Systematic Variations in Non-Local Seismicity Patterns in Southern California / K. F. Tiampo, J. B. Rundle, S. McGinnis, W. Klein and S. J. Gross / pp. 283-292 --- Earthquake in Turkey --- Deep Resistivity Structure around the Fault Associated with the 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake, Turkey / N. Oshiman, R. Yoshimura, T. Kasaya, Y. Honkura, M. Matsushima, S. Baris, C. Celik, M. K. Tuncer and A. M. Isikara / pp. 293-303 --- S Wave Splitting Observation inside of the North Anatolian Fault, Turkey / Keiichi Tadokoro, Masataka Ando, Serif Baris, Kin'ya Nishigami, Mamoru Nakamura, S. Balamir Ücer, Akihiko Ito, Yoshimori Honkura and A. Mete Isikara / pp. 305-310 --- Earthquake in Taiwan --- Drilling the Chelungpu Fault, Taiwan: Cores and Heat-Flow from a Thrust-Fault with Very Large Displacements in a Recent Earthquake / Masataka Ando, James Mori, Hidemi Tanaka and Kuo-Fong Ma / pp. 311-317 --- The Ms7.6 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake of September 20, 1999 / J.-H. Wang, R.-D. Hwang, B.-S. Huang, K.-C. Chen, W.-G. Huang, and T.-M. Chang / pp. 319-324 --- Some Observations about the Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake of September 21, 1999 / Yi-Ben Tsai / pp. 325-366 --- In-situ Measurements to Understand Seismotectonics in the Subduction Zone --- Borehole Observatories into Subduction Seismogenic Zones / Kiyoshi Suyehiro / pp. 367-374 --- Continental Scientific Drilling for Studying Plate Subduction Earthquakes / Ryuji Ikeda / pp. 375-382 --- Scismotectonics Applied to Earthquake Hazard Mitigation --- Stress Drop Distribution of Micro-Earthquakes at Ootaki, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, Obtained from Waveform Data by Borehole Stations / Shigeki Horiuchi and Yoshihisa Iio / pp. 383-391 --- Site Amplification of' K-NET Sites in the Kanto Region, Central Japan / Shigeo Kinoshita and Yousuke Ogue / pp. 393-405 --- Caltech-USGS Element of TriNet: Remote Stations, Communications, and Data Acquisition / E. Hauksson, P. Maechling, R. Busby and H. Kanamori / pp. 407-423 --- Microzoning Studies for Seismic Risk Mitigation / Kazuoh Seo, Diana Polonska, Katsumi Kurita and Kentaro Motoki / pp. 425-450 --- Earthquake Clusters in the Kanto and Tokai Subduction Zones: Implications for Modes of Plate Consumption / Shin-ichi Noguchi / pp. 451-467 --- Seismic Scattering from Small-Scale Heterogeneities: Numerical Simulations and Observation / Kiyoshi Yomogida / pp. 469-480 --- Tectonic Characteristics of Seismogenic Stress Field in East Asia / Jiren Xu, Zhixin Zhao and Kazuo Oike / pp. 481-497
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 500 Seiten)
    ISBN: 4887041292
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Unknown
    Beijing : O'Reilly
    Keywords: Mason ; Perl ; HTML
    Pages: Online-Ressource (297 Seiten)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 0596002254
    Language: English
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  • 11
    Keywords: earthquake ; lithospheric structures ; seismic motion ; volcanic sources
    Description / Table of Contents: Geophysicists use seismic signals to image structures in the Earth's interior, to understand the mechanics of earthquake and volcanic sources, and to estimate their associated hazards. Keiiti Aki developed pioneering quantitative methods for extracting useful information from various portions of observed seismograms and applied these methods to many problems in the above fields. This volume honors Aki's contributions with review papers and results from recent applications by his former students and scientific associates pertaining to topics spawned by his work. Discussed subjects include analytical and numerical techniques for calculating dynamic rupture and radiated seismic waves, stochastic models used in engineering seismology, earthquake and volcanic source processes, seismic tomography, properties of lithospheric structures, analysis of scattered waves, and more. The volume will be useful to students and professional geophysicists alike.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (376 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764370114
    Language: English
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  • 12
    Unknown
    München : Open Source Press
    Keywords: Linux ; Betriebssysteme ; Intrusion Detection System ; IDS ; Snort
    Description / Table of Contents: VORWORT Dieses Buch möchte Ihnen helfen, ein eigenes Intrusion Detection System (IDS) auf der Basis von Snort aufzubauen. Wir werden auf ca. 250 Seiten nicht sämtliche Aspekte und Möglichkeiten der Einbruchserkennung er örtern können – aber das soll das Buch auch nicht leisten. Vielmehr möchten wir Ihnen eine kompakte, von Fachleuten entworfene und geprüfte Anleitung geben, wie Sie mit möglichst wenig Aufwand möglichst schnell zu einem grundsätzlich ausreichenden IDS kommen. Dieses Buch wendet sich, bildlich gesprochen, an den gestressten Administrator, der partout genug Arbeit auf dem Schreibtisch und keine Zeit hat, sich in Hunderte Seiten dicke Grundlagenwerke einzuarbeiten, daraus das für ihn Wichtige abzuleiten und anschließend mühsam nach dem Trial-and-Error-Verfahren ein eigenes SnortIDS aufzubauen. Wir präsentieren Ihnen eine fertige Lösung, die Sie in kürzester Zeit nachbauen und später weiter verfeinern und anpassen können. Dennoch widmen wir uns selbstverständlich auch den Grundlagen der Intrusion Detection – sozusagen am lebenden Beispiel, am gerade gemeinsam aufgebauten IDSNetzwerk. Eine solche Schritt-für-Schritt-Bauanleitung bringt natürlich Kompromisse und Probleme mit sich: Was in einer SoftwareVersion reibungslos funktionierte, kann sich in einer anderen Version wieder anders verhalten. Parameter und Pfade werden umbenannt, Pakete und Bibliotheken kommen zu einer Distribution hinzu oder werden ersetzt – und nicht zuletzt unterscheiden sich auch SUSE und Debian oft genug grundlegend voneinander. Wir haben die hier geschilderten Bauanleitungen basierend auf Debian Woody und SUSE Version 9.1 entworfen. Es steht Ihnen frei, abweichend davon eine andere (ältere oder neuere) Version oder vielleicht eine ganz andere Distribution einzusetzen, doch müssen Sie damit rechnen, dass dann einiges von unserer Lösung abweichen, anders heißen oder funktionieren kann. Insoweit bitten wir um Verständnis, dass wir weder alle alten Versionen beachten, noch alle zukünftigen änderungen in unserer Kristallkugel vorhersehen können. Am zugrunde liegenden Prinzip dürfte sich jedoch nicht allzu viel ändern, so dass es für Administratoren mit etwas Erfahrung ein Leichtes sein sollte, die hier geschilderten Wege an andere Gegebenheiten anzupassen. Ob Sie SUSE oder Debian einsetzen, spielt prinzipiell keine Rolle – wir gehen jeweils auf beide Varianten ein, sofern Unterschiede bestehen. Bezüglich SUSE Linux möchten wir Ihnen aber empfehlen, mindestens Version 9.1 zu nutzen, da erst diese ein aktuelles Snort 2.1 enthält; SUSE 9.0 würde bereits das eigene Kompilieren von Snort erfordern. Das können Sie tun, das können Sie sich aber auch ersparen...
    Pages: Online-Ressource (258 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783937514031
    Language: German
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  • 13
    Keywords: earthquake
    Description / Table of Contents: Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing models of the earthquake of the earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. Such models provide powerful new tools for the study of earthquake precursory phenomena and the earthquake cycle. Through workshops, collaborations and publications the APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulations (ACES) aims to develop realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process, thus providing a "virtual laboratory" to probe earthquake behavior. Part I of the book covers microscopic simulations, scaling physics and earthquake generation and cycles. This part also focuses on plate processes and earthquake generation from a macroscopic standpoint.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764371425
    Language: English
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  • 14
    Keywords: earthquake
    Description / Table of Contents: Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing models of the earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. Such models provide powerful new tools for the study of earthquake precursory phenomena and the earthquake cycle. Through workshops, collaborations and publications, the APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulations (ACES) aims to develop realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process, thus providing a "virtual laboratory" to probe earthquake behavior. Part II of the book embraces dynamic rupture and wave propagation, computational environment and algorithms, data assimilation and understanding, and applications of models to earthquakes. This part also contains articles on the computational approaches and challenges of constructing earthquake models.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764371432
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; estimation ; identification ; monitoring
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume presents summaries of recent research results on the related subjects of source processes and explosion yield estimation, which are important elements of any treaty verification system. The term Source Processes, in the context of nuclear test monitoring, refers to a wide range of research topics. In a narrow definition, it describes the complex physical phenomena that are directly associated with a nuclear explosion, and the catastrophic deformation and transformation of the material surrounding the explosion. In a broader sense, it includes a host of topics related to the inference of explosion phenomena from seismic and other signals. A further widening of the definition includes the study and characterization of source processes of events other than nuclear, such as earthquakes and, in particular, mining explosions. This latter research is especially important relative to the question of identifying and discriminating nuclear explosions from other seismic events. Explosion Yield Estimation deals with the corresponding inverse problem of inferring explosion source characteristics through analyses of the various types of seismic signals produced by the explosion. This is a complex technical task which has been the focus of some of the most contentious treaty monitoring debates. The current compilation of eight articles on Source Processes and six articles on Explosion Yield Estimation gives a good representation of state-of-the-art research currently being conducted in the broad area of seismic source characterization in the context of nuclear test monitoring.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (261 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764365523
    Language: English
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    München : Addison-Wesley
    Keywords: XML ; Extensible Markup Language ; Web-Publishing ; XHTML ; XPath ; XSL ; DTD
    Description / Table of Contents: XML - leicht verständlich und praxisnah. XML verändert das Web wie nichts zuvor. Das Buch erklärt Ihnen sowohl die Idee von XML als auch deren Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Neben der vollständigen Spezifikation enthält es vor allem auch praktische Tipps für den Einsatz von XML im WWW. Jeder Web-Publisher, der die Beschränkungen von HTML ablegen möchte, findet hier eine unentbehrliche Grundlage und Referenz. Erläuterungen und Tipps zu wichtigen Aspekten wie XSL, RDF und Linking runden die Darstellung ab.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (512 Seiten)
    Edition: 2., erw. Aufl.
    ISBN: 9783827316367
    Language: German
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  • 17
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: geochemics ; geodesy ; geophysics ; seismicity ; volcanic activity
    Description / Table of Contents: The topics included in this issue deal with many aspects of volcanic and seismic activity, two of the natural hazards of geological origin that have the greatest impact and pose the predominant risk to society. This book comprises eighteen papers, most of which were presented at an international seminar organized and held at the Complutense University of Madrid in October 2001. The papers address geodetic, geophysical and geochemical effects caused by seismic and volcanic activity; monitoring of volcanic and seismic processes using space and terrestrial techniques; complementarity of these techniques; theoretical modelling of volcanic and seismic processes; inverse problem; interpretation of observations; hazards; seismicity patterns and application.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 372 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764370442
    Language: English
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  • 18
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center, and onsite inspections, to verify compliance. The problem of identifying small-magnitude banned nuclear tests and discriminating between such tests and the background of earthquakes and mining-related seismic events, is a challenging research problem. Because they emphasize CTBT verification research, the 12 papers in this special volume primarily addresses regional data recorded by a variety of arrays, broadband stations, and temporarily deployed stations. Nuclear explosions, earthquakes, mining-related explosions, mine collapses, single-charge and ripple-fired chemical explosions from Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North America are all studied. While the primary emphasis is on short-period, body-wave discriminants and associated source and path corrections, research that focuses on long-period data recorded at regional and teleseismic distances is also presented Hence, these papers demonstrate how event identification research in support of CTBT monitoring has expanded in recent years to include a wide variety of event types, data types, geographic regions and statistical techniques.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 284 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764366759
    Language: English
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: fluid mechanics ; rock mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The supply and protection of groundwater, the production of hydrocarbon reservoirs, land subsidence in coastal areas, exploitation of geothermal energy, the long-term disposal of critical wastes ... What do these issues have in common besides their high socio-economic impact? They are all closely related to fluid flow in porous and/or fractured rock. As the conditions of fluid flow in many cases depend on the mechanical behavior of rocks, coupling between the liquid phase and the rock matrix can generally not be neglected. For the past five years or so, studies of rock physics and rock mechanics linked to coupling phenomena have received increased attention. In recognition of this, a Euroconference on thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling in fractured rock was held at Bad Honnef, Germany, in November 2000. Most of the twenty papers collected in this volume were presented at this meeting. The contributions lead to deeper insight in processes where such coupling is relevant.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (358 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764302535
    Language: English
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  • 20
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; monitoring ; seismic event location
    Description / Table of Contents: In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. This volume contains research papers focusing on seismic ecent location in the CTBT context. The on-site inspection protocol of the treaty specifies a search area not to exceed 1000 square km. Much of the current research effort is therefore directed towards refining the accuracy of event location by including allowances for three-dimensional structure within the Earth. The aim is that the true location of each event will lie within the specified source zone regarding postulated location. The papers in this volume cover many aspects of seismic event location, including the development of algorithms suitable for use with three-dimensional models, allowances for regional structure, use of calibration events and source-specific station corrections. They provide a broad overview of the current international effort to improve seismic event location accuracy, and the editors hope that it will stimulate increased interest and further advances in this important field.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IV, 419 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764365349
    Language: English
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    Göttingen : Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Band führt den Grund- und Aufbaukurs der Mathematischen Grundlagen für Biologie und Geowissenschaft zusammen und stellt zahlreiche neue Übungsaufgaben vor. Die vorliegende Bearbeitung der Vorlesung und der Übungsaufgaben soll die Studierenden anregen, über mathematische Probleme nachzudenken, und sie in die Lage versetzen, bei Bedarf weitergehende Fachbuchliteratur studieren zu können.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (174 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783930457649
    Language: German
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  • 22
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    Amsterdam ; Boston : Elsevier
    Keywords: DDC 160/.9 ; LC BC15 ; Logic - History
    Description / Table of Contents: The present volume of the Handbook of the History of Logic is designed to establish 19th century Britain as a substantial force in logic, developing new ideas, some of which would be overtaken by, and other that would anticipate, the century's later capitulation to the mathematization of logic. British Logic in the Nineteenth Century is indispensable reading and a definitive research resource for anyone with an interest in the history of logic. Contents: 1. "Bentham's Logic" by Charissa Varma and Gordon McOuat 2. "Coleridge's Logic" by Timothy Milnes 3. "Whately's Logic" by James Van Evra 4. "Hamilton's Logic" by Ralph Jessop 5. "Whewell's Logic" by Laura Snyder 6. "Mill's Logic" by Fred Wilson 7. "DeMorgan's Logic" by Michael Hobards & Joan Richards 8. "Boole's Logic" by Dale Jacquette 9. "French Logique and British Logic: On the Origins of Augustus deMorgan early Logical Enquiries 1805-1835" by Maria Panteki 10. "Lewis Carroll's Logic" by Amirouche Moktefi 11. "Venn's Logic" by James Van Evra 12. "Jevons' Logic" by Bert Mosselmans and Ard Van Moer 13. "MacColl's Logic" by Shahid Rahman 14. "The Idealists" by David Sullivan
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 735 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed
    ISBN: 9780444516107
    Language: English
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    Amsterdam ; Boston : Elsevier Academic Press
    Keywords: DDC 511/.8 ; LC QA401 ; Mathematical models
    Description / Table of Contents: Science and engineering students depend heavily on concepts of mathematical modeling. In an age where almost everything is done on a computer, author Clive Dym believes that students need to understand and "own" the underlying mathematics that computers are doing on their behalf. His goal for Principles of Mathematical Modeling, Second Edition, is to engage the student reader in developing a foundational understanding of the subject that will serve them well into their careers. The first half of the book begins with a clearly defined set of modeling principles, and then introduces a set of foundational tools including dimensional analysis, scaling techniques, and approximation and validation techniques. The second half demonstrates the latest applications for these tools to a broad variety of subjects, including exponential growth and decay in fields ranging from biology to economics, traffic flow, free and forced vibration of mechanical and other systems, and optimization problems in biology, structures, and social decision making. Prospective students should have already completed courses in elementary algebra, trigonometry, and first-year calculus and have some familiarity with differential equations and basic physics. * Serves as an introductory text on the development and application of mathematical models * Focuses on techniques of particular interest to engineers, scientists, and others who model continuous systems * Offers more than 360 problems, providing ample opportunities for practice * Covers a wide range of interdisciplinary topics--from engineering to economics to the sciences * Uses straightforward language and explanations that make modeling easy to understand and apply New to this Edition: * A more systematic approach to mathematical modeling, outlining ten specific principles * Expanded and reorganized chapters that flow in an increasing level of complexity * Several new problems and updated applications * Expanded figure captions that provide more information * Improved accessibility and flexibility for teaching
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 303 pages)
    Edition: 2nd ed
    ISBN: 9780122265518
    Language: English
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    San Diego : Academic Press
    Keywords: DDC 512/.74 ; LC QA244 ; Curves, Elliptic ; Fermat's last theorem ; Forms, Modular
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xi, 381 pages)
    ISBN: 9780123392510
    Language: English
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    San Diego, CA : Academic Press
    Keywords: DDC 570/.1/5118 ; LC QH323.5 ; Biology - Mathematical models ; Differentiable dynamical systems
    Pages: Online-Ressource (187 pages)
    ISBN: 9780122491030
    Language: English
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    Amsterdam ; Boston : Elsevier Academic Press
    Keywords: DDC 510 ; LC QA39.3 ; Mathematics
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxiv, 1045 pages)
    ISBN: 9780124211803
    Language: English
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    Amsterdam ; Boston : Elsevier, Academic Press
    Keywords: DDC 368/.01/023 ; LC HG8781 ; Actuaries - Vocational guidance
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 268 pages)
    ISBN: 9780126801460
    Language: English
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  • 28
    Keywords: DDC 519.535 ; LC QA278 ; Mathematical models ; Models, Theoretical ; Multivariate Analysis ; Multivariate analysis
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxviii, 721 pages)
    ISBN: 9780126913606
    Language: English
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    Amsterdam ; Boston : Academic Press
    Keywords: DDC 519.5 ; LC QA276 ; Statistics
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 v. (various pagings))
    ISBN: 9780127515410
    Language: English
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  • 30
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    Amsterdam ; Boston : Elsevier
    Keywords: DDC 160/.9 ; LC BC15 ; Logic - History
    Description / Table of Contents: Greek, Indian and Arabic Logic marks the initial appearance of the multi-volume Handbook of the History of Logic. Additional volumes will be published when ready, rather than in strict chronological order. Soon to appear are The Rise of Modern Logic: From Leibniz to Frege. Also in preparation are Logic From Russell to Godel, The Emergence of Classical Logic, Logic and the Modalities in the Twentieth Century, and The Many-Valued and Non-Monotonic Turn in Logic. Further volumes will follow, including Mediaeval and Renaissance Logic and Logic: A History of its Central. In designing the Handbook of the History of Logic, the Editors have taken the view that the history of logic holds more than an antiquarian interest, and that a knowledge of logic's rich and sophisticated development is, in various respects, relevant to the research programmes of the present day. Ancient logic is no exception. The present volume attests to the distant origins of some of modern logic's most important features, such as can be found in the claim by the authors of the chapter on Aristotle's early logic that, from its infancy, the theory of the syllogism is an example of an intuitionistic, non-monotonic, relevantly paraconsistent logic. Similarly, in addition to its comparative earliness, what is striking about the best of the Megarian and Stoic traditions is their sophistication and originality. Logic is an indispensably important pivot of the Western intellectual tradition. But, as the chapters on Indian and Arabic logic make clear, logic's parentage extends more widely than any direct line from the Greek city states. It is hardly surprising, therefore, that for centuries logic has been an unfetteredly international enterprise, whose research programmes reach to every corner of the learned world. Like its companion volumes, Greek, Indian and Arabic Logic is the result of a design that gives to its distinguished authors as much space as would be needed to produce highly authoritative chapters, rich in detail and interpretative reach. The aim of the Editors is to have placed before the relevant intellectual communities a research tool of indispensable value. Together with the other volumes, Greek, Indian and Arabic Logic, will be essential reading for everyone with a curiosity about logic's long development, especially researchers, graduate and senior undergraduate students in logic in all its forms, argumentation theory, AI and computer science, cognitive psychology and neuroscience, linguistics, forensics, philosophy and the history of philosophy, and the history of ideas. Contents: Preface (D.M. Gabbay, J. Woods). List of Contributors. Logic before Aristotle: Development or Birth? (J. Moravcsik). Aristotle's Early Logic (J. Woods, A. Irvine). Aristotle's Underlying Logic (G. Boger). Aristotle's Modal Syllogisms (F. Johnson). Indian Logic (J. Ganeri). The Megarians and the Stoics (R. R. O'Toole, R. E. Jennings). Arabic Logic (T. Street). The Translation of Arabic Works on Logic into Latin in the Middle Ages and Renaissance (C. Burnett). Index.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 618 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed
    ISBN: 9780444504661
    Language: English
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    Amsterdam ; Boston : North-Holland
    Keywords: DDC 515/.35 ; LC QA379 ; Boundary value problems ; Differential equations ; Eigenvalues ; Nonselfadjoint operators
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 500 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed
    ISBN: 9780444514479
    Language: English
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    Amsterdam ; Boston : Elsevier
    Keywords: DDC 515/.353 ; LC QA377 ; Evolution equations, Nonlinear ; Pseudodifferential operators
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xix, 340 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed
    ISBN: 9780444515698
    Language: English
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    Amsterdam ; New York : North Holland
    Keywords: DDC 515.39 ; LC QA614.8 ; Differentiable dynamical systems
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 1222 ppages)
    Edition: 1st ed
    ISBN: 9780444520555
    Language: English
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    Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier
    Keywords: DDC 516.3/6 ; LC QA641 ; Geometry, Differential
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 1054 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed
    ISBN: 9780444822406
    Language: English
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    Amsterdam ; Boston : North Holland/Elsevier
    Keywords: DDC 515/.9 ; LC QA360 ; Geometric function theory
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 536 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed
    ISBN: 9780444828453
    Language: English
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    Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier
    Keywords: DDC 511/.6 ; LC QA166.7.E75 2001eb ; Sphere packings
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiii, 549 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed
    ISBN: 9780444503299
    Language: English
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    Amsterdam ; Boston : North Holland/Elsevier
    Keywords: DDC 511/.3 ; LC QA10 ; Game theory ; Relation algebras
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii, 691 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed
    ISBN: 9780444509321
    Language: English
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    Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier
    Keywords: DDC 511.3 ; LC QA9.59 ; Computable functions
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 346 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed
    ISBN: 9780444500724
    Language: English
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    Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier
    Keywords: DDC 514 ; LC QA161 ; Topology
    Pages: Online-Ressource (x, 1133 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed
    ISBN: 9780444824325
    Language: English
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    Amsterdam ; Boston : Elsevier/North-Holland
    Keywords: DDC 514/.322/03 ; LC QA611 ; Topology - Encyclopedias
    Pages: Online-Ressource (x, 526 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed
    ISBN: 9780444503558
    Language: English
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    Amsterdam ; Boston : Elsevier
    Keywords: DDC 515/.35 ; LC QA871 ; Matrices ; Perturbation (Mathematics)
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 429 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed
    ISBN: 9780444513151
    Language: English
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    Amsterdam ; Boston : Elsevier
    Keywords: DDC 511/.5 ; LC QA166 ; Perfect graphs
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvi, 314 pages)
    ISBN: 9780444515308
    Language: English
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    Amsterdam ; Boston : North Holland
    Keywords: DDC 160 ; LC BC71 ; Logic
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 508 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed
    ISBN: 9780444513854
    Language: English
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    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
    Description / Table of Contents: Volcanic eruptions are the clear and dramatic expression of dynamic processes going on in planet Earth. The author, one of the most profound specialists in the field of volcanology, explains in a concise and easy to understand manner the basics and most recent findings in the field of volcanology. Based on plate tectonics and illustrated with more than 300 color figures, the book offers insights into the generation of magmas and the occurrence and origin of volcanoes. The analysis and description of volcanic structures is followed by process-oriented chapters discussing the role of magmatic gases, as well as explosive mechanisms and sedimentation of volcanic material. The final chapters deal with the forecast of eruptions and their influence on climate. Students and scientists from a broad range of fields will find this book an interesting and attractive source of information.From the reviews:"The science of volcanology has made tremendous progress over the past 40 years, primarily because of technological advances and because each tragic eruption has led researchers to recognize the processes behind such serious hazards. Yet scientists are still learning a great deal because of photographs that either capture those processes in action or show us the critical factors left behind in the rock record.Volcanism by Hans-Ulrich Schmincke has photos of the best quality I have ever seen in a text on the subject. I found myself wishing that I had had the photo of Nicaragua's Masaya volcano, which was the subject of my dissertation, but it was Schmincke who was able to include it in his book. In addition, the schematic figures in their wide range of styles are clear, colorful, and simplified to emphasize the most important factors while including all significant features. The book's paper is of such high quality that at times I felt I had turned two pages rather than one.I have really enjoyed reading and rereading Schmincke's book. It fills a great gap in texts available for teaching any basic course in volcanology. No other book I know of has the depth and breadth of Volcanism. I was disappointed that the text did not arrive on my desk until last August, when it was too late for me to choose it for my course in volcanology. I am also disappointed about another fact--the book's binding is already becoming tattered because of my intense use of it! Schmincke is a volcanologist who, in 1967, first published papers on sedimentary rocks of volcanic origin, the direction traveled by lava flows millions of years ago, and the structures preserved in explosive ignimbrites, or pumice-flow deposits, that reveal important details of their formation. Since then, his studies in Germany's Laacher See, the Canary Islands, the Troodos Ophiolite of Cyprus, and many other regions have forged great fundamental advances. Such contributions have been recognized with his receipt of several international awards and clearly give him a strong base for writing the book.However, as a scientist who has focused on the challenges of monitoring the very diverse activities of volcanoes, I think that the text's overriding emphasis on the rock record has its cost. The group of scientists who are struggling with their goals to reduce or mitigate the hazards of the eruptions of tomorrow need to learn more about the options of technology, instrumentation, and methodology that are currently available. More than 500 million people live near the more than 1500 known active volcanoes and are constantly facing serious threats of eruptions. An extremely energetic earthquake caused the horrific tsunamis of 2004. However, the tsunamis of 1792, 1815, and 1883, which were caused by the eruptions of Japan's Unzen volcano and Indonesia's Tambora and Krakatau volcanoes, each took a similar toll. ( Stanley N. Williams, PHYSICS TODAY, April 2005)
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 324 Seiten)
    ISBN: 3540436502
    Language: English
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    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
    Description / Table of Contents: The book reviews the geological, mineralogical, geochemical and petrological characteristics of indium-bearing ore deposits. Furthermore it develops a general metallogenic concept for indium in identifying the essential enrichment processes and their economic significance. It represents the first comprehensive study on the metallogeny of indium and covers economic aspects including production and use. Careful geological and mineralogical descriptions are given for representative examples of different deposit types with most significant characteristics being summarized at the end of each chapter.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 257 Seiten)
    ISBN: 3540431357
    Language: English
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  • 46
    Description / Table of Contents: Geological prior information represents a new and emerging field within the geosciences. Prior information is the term used to describe previously existing knowledge that can be brought to bear on a new problem. This volume describes a range of methods that can be used to find solutions to practical and theoretical problems using geological prior information, and the nature of geological information that can be so employed. As such, this volume defines how geology can be influential far beyond the confines of its own definition.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 229 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862391718
    Language: English
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  • 47
    Unknown
    Washington, D. C. : The World Bank
    Keywords: disaster risk
    Description / Table of Contents: Disaster impacts are increasing in severity. Annual direct losses for weather-related events have increased from $3.9 million in the 1950s to $63 million in the 1990s. Moreover, a number of ongoing trends have the potential to cause even more severe and broader disaster impacts than ever before. These include increased environmental degradation, the impacts of climate change, population growth in cities, and globalization. In developing countries, disasters can cause major setbacks to economic and social development, inflict massive casualties, and cause the diversion of funds from development to emergency relief and recovery. By applying innovative approaches to disaster risk reduction and by empowering people through effective disaster reduction strategies, communities and government will be more resilient when disaster strikes and better able to protect their lives, homes, livelihoods and assets.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 299 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821354971
    Language: English
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  • 48
    Keywords: stratosphere ; atmosphere ; climatology
    Description / Table of Contents: SPARC has from its outset been concerned with “Stratospheric Indicators of Climate Change,” “Stratospheric Processes,” and “Troposphere/Stratosphere Modelling.” The SPARC project GRIPS (GCM Reality Intercomparison Project) has focused on comparing troposphere/stratosphere general circulation models with one another, both in terms of their technical formulations and in their results. Of course, another aspect of GRIPS is to examine how well model results compare to observations. Direct model/data comparisons are not so straightforward, however. For instance, the stratosphere displays a great deal of interannual variability, so that model-data comparisons necessarily include statistics of both means and variances over comparable time periods. Additionally, stratospheric data are obtained from complicated inversions of radiances derived from satellite measurements, from direct but sparse balloon or rocket measurements, from time continuous but geographically sparse ground-based remote sensing instruments, and finally from analysis of stratospheric measurements either by statistical techniques or from data assimilation methods. The climatologies derived by these different methods do not agree in all respects. Finally, the entire concept of stratospheric trends means that stratospheric climatology is itself time varying. The SPARC Reference Climatology Group was established to update and evaluate existing middle atmosphere climatologies for use in GRIPS, and in other SPARC activities. Rather than create a single new “super climatology,” it was decided that a valuable contribution would be to (1) compile existing climatologies and make them easily available to the research community, and (2) carefully compare and evaluate the existing climatologies. The SPARC Data Center was established (in part) as a response to item (1), and this Report is a response to item (2). Here we present detailed intercomparisons of climatological wind and temperature data sets that are currently used in the research community, which are derived from a variety of meteorological analyses and satellite data sets. Special attention is focused on tropical winds and temperatures, where large differences exist among separate analyses. We also include comparisons between the global climatologies and historical rocketsonde temperature and wind measurements, and also with more recent lidar temperature data. These comparisons highlight differences and uncertainties in contemporary middle atmosphere data sets, and allow biases in particular analyses to be isolated. In addition, a brief atlas of zonal mean wind and temperature statistics is provided to highlight data availability and as a quick-look reference. This Report is intended as a companion to the climatological data sets held in archive at the SPARC Data Center (http://www.sparc.sunysb.edu).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (III, 96 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 49
    Keywords: stratosphere ; troposhere ; water vapour
    Description / Table of Contents: This scientific assessment has been carried out by the WCRP project on Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate (SPARC). The objective of the report is to critically review measurements of water vapour in the stratosphere and upper troposphere, in order to consolidate our knowledge and understanding of the distribution of water vapour and its variability on time scales ranging from the seasonal to the long-term inter-annual. Considering the fundamental role of water vapour in climate, and the scarcity of information concerning its distribution, variability and long-term evolution, the need for such an assessment was recognised by the SPARC Scientific Steering Group. The lack of knowledge on water vapour also leads to a large uncertainty in the prediction of climate change. One of the objectives of the assessment was therefore to support the Third IPCC Assessment Report on Climate Change due to be published in 2001. Great effort has been made to prepare the best data sets possible, to retrieve historical data sets, and to make them all available to the assessment team. This report contains an extensive description of the measurements and their associated uncertainties, an assessment of data quality based on comparison studies of the various data sets, and a description of the understanding of the distribution and variability of water vapour in the stratosphere and upper troposphere which ensues from the data. Finally, recommendations are made to ensure that the difficulties met during this work are overcome in order that the remaining uncertainties in our knowledge and understanding can be resolved. The preceding summary also appears in SPARC Newsletter number 16 (January 2001). The outline of the assessment was determined during an international workshop held at NCAR, Boulder, Colorado, USA, 26-28 August 1998. The drafts of the chapters were prepared in the following year and a number of new data sets were produced. The first draft report was examined by an international panel of reviewers both by mail peer review and at a meeting in Paris, France in January 2000. During the review meeting the responses to the mail review comments were proposed by the authors and discussed by the participants. This rigorous review greatly improved the report, the contribution of the reviewers being significant. A second draft report was reviewed by mail review in August 2000. The success in producing the Report is the result of the intensive work and enthusiastic cooperation of a large number of scientists world-wide who have worked towards improving the quality of the measurements and our understanding of the observations. The work of the contributors and reviewers was generously supported by many organisations and agencies including WMO, WCRP, SPARC, DG Research of the European Commission, NASA, NOAA, NCAR, CNRS, CNES, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Imperial College and other national research programmes and institutions. We take this opportunity to express our gratitude to all the scientists (authors, contributors and reviewers) who helped in the preparation of this assessment and to the SPARC scientific steering group who have been supportive since its inception. Our special gratitude is due to the lead authors of the chapters. Particular thanks must be given to: Petra Udelhofen at the SPARC Data Center for setting up the data archive, Sam Oltmans who organised the workshop at NCAR, Boulder, Colorado; Computational Physics Inc., for hosting the workshop in Washington D.C.; François Dulac from the CNES for hosting the review meeting in Paris, and Céline Phillips for her co-editorship. We also thank Marie-Christine Gaucher at the SPARC office for her help in the organisation of the review meeting in Paris and in the final editing of the report and Catherine Michaut at the SPARC office for her help in editing the second peerreview draft and the final draft of the report.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 312 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 50
    Description / Table of Contents: Sedimentary facies in the subsurface are usually interpreted from a epositional/stratigraphical perspective: the depositional layering is generally considered to remain undisturbed, except in a few settings. But, there is growing evidence that subsurface sediment mobilization (SSM) is more widespread than previously thought, as new observations arise from the ever-increasing resolution of subsurface data. Many examples are from hydrocarbon provinces but studies elsewhere, for example in preparation for the underground storage of hazardous waste, have yielded unexpected examples. Although until now the different aspects of SSM, including soft sediment deformations, sand injections, shale diapirs, mud volcanoes, etc, have been separated, the new discoveries emphasize their inter-connection, regardless of scale, depth, location, grain size or trigger mechanism. This volume integrates the different aspects of sediment mobilization in the subsurface and their structural consequences, allowing a more generaland a more coherent view of the subject.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (522 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862391416
    Language: English
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  • 51
    Description / Table of Contents: Pterosaurs were a peculiar group of Mesozoic vertebrates, which acquired the ability to fly in an original way, using a membrane attached to a single finger of the hand. Ever since the first description of a pterosaur skeleton in 1784, these remarkable animals have elicited much discussion and controversy among palaeontologists, and many basic questions about their origin, evolution and biology remain disputed. In the last few years, interest in pterosaurs has been revived by numerous discoveries of new and sometimes remarkably preserved specimens, which have enlarged and changed our picture of this group. The volume begins with descriptions of several new pterosaurs from the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous of Europe, North and South America, and Africa. Following this, alternative hypotheses of pterosaur phytogeny and evolution are put forward. Several papers discuss the functional anatomy of pterosaurs and its implications for aerial locomotion. The study of pterosaur footprints provides important new evidence concerning their terrestrial locomotion, and this approach is used in several contributions. A developing aspect of pterosaur research is bone histology, as shown by the final papers in this collection.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (347 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862391432
    Language: English
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  • 52
    Unknown
    London : The Geological Society
    Description / Table of Contents: The 32 research papers in this volume examine the mode and nature of igneous, metamorphic, tectonic, sedimentological and biological processes associated with the evolution of ophiolites in Earth's history. Divided into six sections, the book presents a wealth of new data and syntheses from ophiotites around the world. Introductory chapters review the distribution of ophiolites in space and time and present a synoptic discussion on their importance in Earth history. Papers in the second section present diverse data from Tethyan ophiolites and provide refined geodynamic models for their evolution. The following two sections present case studies documenting magmatic, metamorphic and tectonic processes in ophiolite genesis and hydrothermal and biogenic alteration of fossil oceanic crust. Mechanisms of ophiolite emplacement are explored in Section V with a focus on the Semail massif (Oman). The last section examines the regional occurrence and geodynamic significance of ophiolite belts on different continents. The book reflects the contemporary work of the international community in a most up-to-date treatment of process-oriented questions on the evolution of ophiolites.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 716 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862391459
    Language: English
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  • 53
    Description / Table of Contents: The weathering of historical buildings and, indeed, of monuments and sculptures of natural stone is a problem that has been encountered for hundreds of years. However, a dramatic increase in deterioration in the structure of our built heritage has been observed during the past century. To understand the complex interaction that the stone in a building suffers with its near environment (the building) and the macro environment (the local climate and atmospheric conditions) requires an interdisciplinary approach and the application of many different theoretical, experimental and empirical resources provided by the geosciences, chemistry, material sciences, biology and construction engineers. The protection of our architectural heritage has both cultural and historical importance, as well as substantial economic and ecological value. Large sums of money are being spent world-wide on measures for the preservation of monuments and historical buildings. Optimization of damage analysis procedures and damage process controls, as well as the development of monitoring and early warning systems for damage prevention, is needed. The past several decades has seen an unprecedented level of research activity in this area, the results of which are often difficult to access. This volume is intended to provide an integrated approach to the study of the deterioration of geomaterials, making the research available to a wide international audience. Natural Stone, Weathering Phenomena, Conservation Strategies and Case Studies comprises thirty chapters divided into six sections: weathering of natural building stones; weathering processes; fabric dependence of physical properties; biodeterioration; quality assessment and conservation of stones; and environmental conditions. Review articles are combined with reports on recent progress in the various research fields, authored by a comprehensive team of international contributors. The volume will be of interest to all those involved in the protection of our built heritage, particularly geoscientists, material scientists, construction engineers, architects and stone conservators.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 448 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862391238
    Language: English
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  • 54
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume focuses on Late Mesoproterozoic to early Cambrian events related to Gondwana assembly and break up. The nineteen papers provide a comprehensive review including advanced knowledge and new data from all critical areas of East Gondwana. The recent knowledge of the evolution of East Gondwana, which was regarded as an integral part of the Mesoproterozoic supercontinent Rodinia, is the major theme of the volume, which is reinforced by highlighting this radical and new understanding of the evolution of this region. This volume is of use as both a text and reference book for Earth Science postgraduates, and should appeal worldwide to professional geologists with an interest in Rodinia, Gondwana and that important transition from the Proterozoic to the Phanerozoic Earth.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 472 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862391254
    Language: English
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  • 55
    Description / Table of Contents: This book examines the process and patterns of glacier-influenced sedimentation on high-latitude continental margins and the geophysical and geological signatures of the resulting sediments and landforms. It contains a range of papers concerning modern and glacially-influenced sedimentation in high-latitude areas from both hemispheres, many of which discuss the relationship between glacier dynamics and the sediments and landforms preserved in the glacimarine environment This volume will be of interest to those in academia and industry working in the broad fields of glacimarine environments, the development of high-latitude margins and marine geology and geophysics
    Pages: Online-Ressource (378 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862391203
    Language: English
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  • 56
    Description / Table of Contents: Palaeozoic Amalgamation of Central Europe summarizes recent research designed to clarify the timing, geometry and processes by which discrete terranes of Central Europe became amalgamated during the Palaeozoic Era. The area studied extends from the southern North Sea to Central Poland along the Trans-European Suture Zone, covering much of Germany, Denmark, Belgium, the Czech Republic and Poland. The 16 papers within the volume are divided into five sections: biostratigraphic/provenance evidence; isotopic constraints; petrological and geochemical evidence; structural evolution; seismic traverses and deep crustal structure. The first section contains papers summarizing continent-specific micropalaeontological and sediment provenance information backing current debates about microcontinent derivation and timing of their accretions to the proto-European continent, Baltica. The section on isotopic constraints discusses the use of isotopic dating to constrain the timing of accretions of rock units exposed in the northern Bohemian Massif, while the following section has more detailed studies of metamorphosed ophiolitic complexes adjoining palaeosutures in the same area. The two papers on the structural evolution of the area contrast a detailed review of the structural evolution of the Sudetes, with a broader, more regionally based hypothesis for the structural evolution of all Central Europe. The final section discusses models based on extensive seismic traverses in contrasting parts of the area - Belgium, the southern North Sea and Poland. This wide-ranging study thus encapsulates the most up-to-date ideas on the Palaeozoic amalgamation of Central Europe from the leading international researchers in the field. The volume will be of interest to those earth scientists in industry and academia with a broad-based interest in the construction of the European continent, primarily biostratigraphers, geophysicists, structural geologists and geochemists.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (353 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862391181
    Language: English
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  • 57
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is a collection of keynote reviews and detailed case-studies covering the principal areas of active research and state-of-the-art industrial practice in the field of mine water management. It addresses both issues of water quantity (such as the impact of Iongwall mining on the piezometry and hydraulic properties of overlying aquifers) and water quality (spanning an array of sites from deep coal mines to open-pit base metal mines), as well as a wealth of hybrid, integrated studies in which hydrogeological and geochemical aspects are considered (and managed) together. The papers presented in this book are intended for practicing geologists and engineers involved in the management of active and abandoned mine sites all over the world. It is also of interest to academic geoscientists and students with interests in low-temperature aqueous geochemistry and the hydrogeology of complex, quasi-karstic groundwater flow systems.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (396 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862391130
    Language: English
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  • 58
    Description / Table of Contents: Northwest Europe has undergone repeated episodes of exhumation (the exposure of formerly buried rocks) due to such factors as post-orogenic unroofing, rift-shoulder uplift, hotspot activity, compressive tectonics, eustatic sea-level change, glaciation and isostatic readjustment. The main observational legacy of this exhumation around the North Atlantic is preserved in the comparatively young (Mesozoic and Cenozoic) geological record of this region. Despite a rapid increase in the understanding of the exhumation of this area, there are still many unknowns: the relative intensity of the various phases and their geographical variation; mechanisms of uplift; primary causes of exhumation. Tied to these problems is the larger-scale question of whether the circum-North Atlantic is unique or whether its behaviour is typical for passive margins. There have been several attempts in recent years to bring together researchers to address these questions, but these have often focused on one particular geographical area or one particular exhumation phase. Before an integrated story can emerge, disciplines that have traditionally remained apart need to come together: geomorphology and offshore seismic interpretation; Palaeogene and Neogene studies; Scandinavian and British-Irish research schools. This volume represents a first step in this direction by providing an inter-disciplinary set of studies over a wide latitudinal range of the NW European margin. The studies presented here are based on a variety of techniques that have been employed to address the main concerns of North Atlantic exhumation history, including timing, mechanisms and the sedimentary response of the continental margin. The 25 papers presented in this volume have
    Pages: Online-Ressource (494 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862391122
    Language: English
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  • 59
    Description / Table of Contents: The study of biodiversity through geological time provides important information for the understanding of diversity patterns at the present day. Hitherto, much effort has been paid to studying the mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic but the research emphasis has now changed to focus on what occurred between these spectacular catastrophic events. After the Cambrian ‘explosion’ of marine organisms with readily preservable skeletons, there have been two intervals when life radiated dramatically — the Ordovician Period, and the mid-Mesozoic-Cenozoic eras. These intervals saw a fundamental reorganization of biodiversity on a hierarchy of biogeographical scales. The size of these diversity increases and their probable causes are topics of intense debate, and there is an intriguing link between the dispersal of continents, changing climates and the proliferation of life. The papers in this volume are written by palaeontologists, biogeographers and geologists addressing the highly topical field of palaeobiodiversity in the context of the Earth’s changing geography. Palaeobiogeography and Biodiversity Change: the Ordovician and Mesozoic-Cenozoic Radiations illustrates many aspects of the two great episodes of biotic radiation and shows how long periods of time and plate tectonic movements have a fundamental influence on the generation and maintenance of major extant biodiversity patterns. The volume will be of interest to professional palaeontologists, biologists and geologists, as well as to students in earth and biological sciences.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 206 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862391068
    Language: English
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  • 60
    Description / Table of Contents: The age of the Earth has long been a subject of great interest to scientists from many disciplines, particularly geologists, biologists, physicists and astronomers. This volume, The Age of the Earth: from 4004 BC to AD 2002, brings together contributors from these different subjects, along with historians, to produce a comprehensive review of how the Earth’s age has been perceived since ancient times. Touching on the works of eminent scholars from the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, it describes how concepts of the Earth’s history changed as geology slowly separated itself from religious orthodoxy to emerge as a rigorous and self-contained science. Fossils soon became established as useful markers of relative age, while deductions made from geomorphological processes enabled the discussion of time in terms of years. By the end of the nineteenth century biologists and geologists were fiercely debating the issue with physicists who were unwilling to give them the time needed for evolution or uniformitarianism. With the discovery of radioactivity, attempts to calculate the Earth’s age entered a new era, although these early pioneers in radiometric dating encountered many difficulties, both technical and intellectual, before the enormity of geological time was fully recognized. This effort affected both the theory and practice of geology. Geochronology was largely responsible for it maturing into a professional scientific discipline, as increasingly refined techniques measured not only the age of the rocks, but the rate of processes which now elucidate many aspects of the Earth’s evolution. Even today the Earth’s chronology remains a contentious topic - particularly for those dating the oldest rocks - and it is implicated in debates surrounding our hominid ancestors, the origins and development of life, and the age of the universe. The Age of the Earth: from 4004 bc to AD 2002 will be of particular interest to geologists, geochemists, and historians of science, as well as astronomers, archaeologists, biologists and the general reader with an interest in science.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 288 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390932
    Language: English
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  • 61
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The recent surge in energy prices has drawn attention to the availability and security of energy resources, and the prospects for both supply and prices. This book contains a detailed analysis of the trends in global energy production and supply, with the focus on primary energy. It considers the main factors driving energy production and distribution, including: the cost of developing resources and bringing them to market; energy pricing; and the impact of government policies. The study's central finding is that reserves of oil, gas, coal and uranium are more than adequate to meet projected demand growth at least until 2020. However, massive investment in energy production and transportation infrastructure will be needed to exploit these reserves. Beyond 2020, new technologies such as hydrogen-based fuel cells, clean coal burning and carbon sequestration hold out the prospect of abundant and clean energy supplies in a world largely free of climate-destabilising carbon emissions.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (421 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9264196587
    Language: English
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  • 62
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: World energy demand will rise by two thirds between now and 2030, and the world economy will falter if these energy supplies are not available. How much investment will be required to satisfy this need and can it be financed is looked into, in an attempt to quantify global energy investment needs, fuel-by-fuel and region-by-region. The global financial system has the capacity to fund the required investment, but are the conditions right? For some sectors and regions, the prospects are good. For others, the outlook is bleak. The total figure which emerges for the required global investment over 30 years is large - $16 trillion, but there are no claims that this will be validated in 30 years time. Policymakers perhaps will have failed if the energy economy has not been reshaped to make it more sustainable. Issues looked at by the World Energy Investment Outlook 2003 are global energy investment needs to 2030, financing global energy investment, as well as specifically oil, natural gas, coal, electricity and advanced technologies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (511 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9264019065
    Language: English
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  • 63
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Pages: Online-Ressource (457 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9264185135
    Language: English
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  • 64
    Description / Table of Contents: As an outcome of the European Science Foundation scientific programme, GEODE, on geodynamics and ore deposit evolution, this book examines the underlying geodynamic processes that lead to the formation of ore deposits in order to discover what controls the timing and location of major ore deposits in an evolving orogen. A collection of 19 research papers examines various aspects of ore genesis in the context of the geodynamic processes occurring within an evolving orogen. Although the majority of papers relate to Europe, their findings have a global significance for metallogenesis. The book will be of interest to all those involved in research or mineral exploration concerned with metallogenesis. In addition, ore deposits provide new evidence about magmatism associated with transient, rapid changes in plate motions and subduction processes in unusual tectonic settings, and are therefore of interest to those involved in both the magmatic and tectonic processes of orogenesis.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 358 Seiten)
    ISBN: 186239122X
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  • 65
    Description / Table of Contents: Sustainable development of groundwater resources is a key environmental and social issue for the future. To manage groundwater resources efficiently it is necessary to include protection of springs, river flows and water levels dependent on groundwater discharges, while concurrently maintaining abstractions for water supply and economic benefit. Obtaining this balance between human and environmental needs, and protecting valuable groundwater resources from over-exploitation and pollution, presents a challenge to hydrogeologists that is reflected in the approaches and case studies contained in this volume. This volume should be of interest to researchers, regulators and practitioners in hydrogeology as well as postgraduate students following courses in hydrogeology, water resources engineering and environmental management.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390975
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  • 66
    Description / Table of Contents: There is an increasing trend in the Earth sciences towards the integration of many subdisciplines. The sedimendatry basin, is a fundamental focal point of many studies, which as a consequence often neglects the complimentary drainage basin or catchment. Sedimentary basins provide a record of Earth history, reflecting the geographical, lithological, oceanographic and ecological development through the rock record. Drainage basins in comparison record ephemeral landscape evolution, where topography is eroded and provides the flux of sediment to the basin. The basin fill reflects the sediment flux from the hinterland and provides evidence of the dynamic geomorphic processes. In context the drainage system and sedimentary basin can be regarded as a 'production line' with sedimentary record giving valuable insight into long-term landscape evolution and geomorphological processes illuminating the evolution of sedimentary basins. This volume assesses the current position of understanding sediment supply to basins with the integration of the many sub-disciplines in the Earth sciences. It documents a mix of hinterland and sedimentary basin studies with a gradation from orogenic belts to the deep marine. The authors represent a wide spectrum of Earth scientist, with leaders in the science providing review papers and new-directive papers in their field of specialization.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 284 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390959
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  • 67
    Description / Table of Contents: Ireland is virtually encircled by sedimentary basins which developed in response to periods of rifting and thermal subsidence. These offshore basins have been the focus of intermittent phases of exploration since drilling of the first well in 1970 and, to date, 136 wells have been drilled. Most of the drilling so far has concentrated on structural traps, but recent exploration has begun to focus on a variety of stratigraphic traps, with greater emphasis on results obtained from studies of the Atlantic margin basins. The Petroleum Exploration of Ireland's Offshore Basins contains a set of 27 papers on a wide range of topics relating to recent exploration of the Irish offshore sedimentary basins. These papers address aspects of the structural and stratigraphic evolution, thermal history, petroleum systems, reservoir geology and sea-bed processes in the Irish offshore area. Although the main focus is on petroleum systems and those issues bearing on exploration risk, the exploration effort has yielded fundamental new insight into the wider development of starved passive continental margins. The volume will be of interest to oil industry explorationists and researchers focusing on NW European sedimentary basins and the evolution of the Irish Atlantic margin.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (473 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390878
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  • 68
    Description / Table of Contents: As a result of its relative buoyancy, continental crust is rarely subducted, meaning that successive episodes of continental deformation impart a complex geological character that is not found in younger oceanic lithosphere. This character is largely the result of two related processes: (1) reactivation, involving rejuvenation of discrete structures; and (2) reworking, involving the repeated metamorphism, deformation and magmatism of a previously tectonized crustal or lithospheric volume. Characterizing the style, distribution and timing of reactivation and reworking in different continental settings should therefore provide a crucial data set with which to evaluate the spatial patterns, temporal evolution and dynamic controls of tectonic rejuvenation of the continents and continental lithosphere. This volume presents a combination of review and research papers, which highlight some of the issues and problems associated with the characterization and modelling of continental reactivation and reworking.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (408 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390800
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  • 69
    Unknown
    London : The Geological Society
    Description / Table of Contents: The climate of the early Earth was probably very warm and has, in general, reduced since the Archean. However, it now seems that the world is about 0.6°C warmer than it was 100 years ago and estimates of the rate of global warming over the next century range from 0.16°C to 0.35°C per decade. Concurrently, global sea-level is predicted to rise from 2.4 to 10 cm per decade. These rates of change are much faster than those normally associated with the geological record, causing geologists and palaeontologists to reassess their data and their forecasts on rates of future change. With the current interest in global climatic change and, more specifically, with global warming, it is clear that palaeontologists have valuable information to provide on the impacts of past climatic change. This volume contains papers from an international array of such geologists and palaeontologists, showing how studies of micro- and macrofossils, plant and vertebrate fossils from a range of geological ages have contributed to our understanding of how climate affects both local and more widespread areas. The contributions are arranged in geological order, ranging from the Permo-Carboniferous to the post-glacial recovery of the last 18,000 years, with an emphasis on climate change during the last two million years, particularly in NW Europe. Climates: Past and Present will be of interest to palaeontologists, geologists and palaeoclimatologists who specialize in climatic reconstructions and any professionals enagaged in research into the geological aspects of climate change.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (218 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390754
    Language: English
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  • 70
    Description / Table of Contents: Zeolites were looked upon as a geological curiosity until the latter part of the 20th century, but they are now known to be widespread throughout the world in sedimentary and igneous deposits and in soils. This volume describes their formation and occurrence in these environments. It also describes the latest information on their crystal structures and chemistry and presents entirely new information on zeolite stability and on cation exchange. Four chapters also describe applications of natural zeolites ranging from building material to high-tech refrigeration devices.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 654 Seiten)
    ISBN: 093995057X
    Language: English
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  • 71
    Description / Table of Contents: Over the years, volumes in this series have taken a variety of forms. Many have focused on mature fields of investigation to draw together a comprehensive body of work and provide a definitive, up to date reference. A few, however, have sought to provide enough coverage of an emerging or re-emerging field to allow the reader to identify important and exciting gaps in current knowledge and opportunities for new research. This volume falls into the later category. Our primary goal in convening the short course and assembling this text it is to invigorate future research. Early “Reviews in Mineralogy” dealt with specific groups of minerals, one (or two) volumes at a time. In contrast, this volume deals explicitly with the topic of crystal size in many different systems. Until recently, the special and complicated nature of the very smallest particles rendered them nearly impossible to study by conventional methods. Even today, the challenges associated with evaluating the size-dependence of a mineral’s bulk and surface structures, properties, and reactivity are significant. However, ongoing improvements in sophisticated characterization, theory, and data analysis make particles previously described (often inaccurately) as “amorphous” (or even more mysteriously as “x-ray amorphous”) amenable to quantitative evaluation. Thermochemical, crystal chemical, and computational chemical approaches must be combined to understand particles with diameters of 1 to 100 nanometers. Determination of …
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 349 Seiten)
    ISBN: 0939950561
    Language: English
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    Pages: Online-Ressource (1-890 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780444504708
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    Pages: Online-Ressource (3-741)
    ISBN: 9780444507280
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    Pages: Online-Ressource (1-918 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780444816313
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    Description / Table of Contents: Since the dawn of life on earth, organisms have played roles in mineral formation in processes broadly known as biomineralization. This biologically-mediated organization of aqueous ions into amorphous and crystalline materials results in materials that are as simple as adventitious precipitates or as complex as exquisitely fabricated structures that meet specialized functionalities. The purpose of this volume of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry is to provide students and professionals in the earth sciences with a review that focuses upon the various processes by which organisms direct the formation of minerals. Our framework of examining biominerals from the viewpoints of major mineralization strategies distinguishes this volume from most previous reviews. The review begins by introducing the reader to over-arching principles that are needed to investigate biomineralization phenomena and shows the current state of knowledge regarding the major approaches to mineralization that organisms have developed over the course of Earth history. By exploring the complexities that underlie the "synthesis" of biogenic materials, and therefore the basis for how compositions and structures of biominerals are mediated (or not), we believe this volume will be instrumental in propelling studies of biomineralization to a new level of research questions that are grounded in an understanding of the underlying biological phenomena.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 381 Seiten)
    ISBN: 0939950669
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  • 76
    Description / Table of Contents: Exactly 100 years before the publication of this volume, the first paper which calculated the half-life for the newly discovered radioactive substance U-X (now called 234Th), was published. Now, in this volume, the editors Bernard Bourdon, Gideon Henderson, Craig Lundstrom and Simon Turner have integrated a group of contributors who update our knowledge of U-series geochemistry, offer an opportunity for non-specialists to understand its basic principles, and give us a view of the future of this active field of research. In this volume, for the first time, all the methods for determining the uranium and thorium decay chain nuclides in Earth materials are discussed. It was prepared in advance of a two-day short course (April 3-4, 2003) on U-series geochemistry, jointly sponsored by GS and MSA and presented in Paris, France prior to the joint EGS/AGU/EUG meeting in Nice. The discovery of the 238U decay chain, of course, started with the seminal work of Marie Curie in identifying and separating 226Ra. Through the work of the Curies and others, all the members of the 238U decay chain were identified. An important milestone for geochronometrists was the discovery of 230Th (called Ionium) by Bertram Boltwood, the Yale scientist who also made the first age determinations on minerals using the U-Pb dating method (Boltwood in 1906 established the antiquity of rocks and even identified a mineral from Sri Lanka-then Ceylon as having an age of 2.1 billion years!) The application of the 238U decay chain to the dating of deep sea sediments was by Piggott and Urry in 1942 using the "Ionium" method of dating. Actually they measured 222Ra (itself through 222Rn) assuming secular equilibrium had been established between 230Th and 226Ra. Although 230Th was measured in deep sea sediments by Picciotto and Gilvain in 1954 using photographic emulsions, it was not until alpha spectrometry was developed in the late 1950's that 20Th was routinely measured in marine deposits. Alpha spectrometry and gamma spectrometry became the work horses for the study of the uranium and thorium decay chains in a variety of Earth materials. These ranged from 222Rn and its daughters in the atmosphere, to the uranium decay chain nuclides in the oceanic water column, and volcanic rocks and many other systems in which either chronometry or element partitioning, were explored. Much of what we learned about the 238U, 235U and 232Th decay chain nuclides as chronometers and process indicators we owe to these seminal studies based on the measurement of radioactivity. The discovery that mass spectrometry would soon usurp many of the tasks performed by radioactive counting was in itself serendipitous. It came about because a fundamental issue in cosmochemistry was at stake. Although variation in 235U/238U had been reported for meteorites the results were easily discredited as due to analytical difficulties. One set of results, however, was published by a credible laboratory long involved in quality measurements of high mass isotopes such as the lead isotopes. The purported discovery of 235U/238U variations in meteorites, if true, would have consequences in defining the early history of the formation of the elements and the development of inhomogeneity of uranium isotopes in the accumulation of the protoplanetary materials of the Solar System. Clearly the result was too important to escape the scrutiny of falsification implicit in the way we do science. The Lunatic Asylum at Caltech under the leadership of Jerry Wasserburg took on that task. Jerry Wasserburg and Jim Chen clearly established the constancy and Earth-likeness of 235U/238U in the samplable universe. In the hands of another member of the Lunatic Asylum, Larry Edwards, the methodology was transformed into a tool for the study of the 238U decay chain in marine systems. Thus the mass spectrometric techniques developed provided an approach to measuring the U and Th isotopes in geological materials as well as cosmic materials with the same refinement and accommodation for small sample size. Soon after this discovery the harnessing of the technique to the measurement of all the U isotopes and all the Th isotopes with great precision immediately opened up the entire field of uranium and thorium decay chain studies. This area of study was formerly the poaching ground for radioactive measurements alone but now became part of the wonderful world of mass spectrometric measurements. (The same transformation took place for radiocarbon from the various radioactive counting schemes to accelerator mass spectrometry.) No Earth material was protected from this assault. The refinement of dating corals, analyzing volcanic rocks for partitioning and chronometer studies and extensions far and wide into ground waters and ocean bottom dwelling organisms has been the consequence of this innovation. Although Ra isotopes, 210Pb and 210Po remain an active pursuit of those doing radioactive measurements, many of these nuclides have also become subject to the mass spectrometric approach. In this volume, for the first time, all the methods for determining the uranium and thorium decay chain nuclides in Earth materials are discussed. The range of problems solvable with this approach is remarkable-a fitting, tribute to the Curies and the early workers who discovered them for us to use.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 656 Seiten)
    ISBN: 0939950642
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    Description / Table of Contents: This volume highlights some of the frontiers in the study of plastic deformation of minerals and rocks. The research into the plastic properties of minerals and rocks had a major peak in late 1960s to early 1970s, largely stimulated by research in the laboratory of D. T. Griggs and his students and associates. It is the same time when the theory of plate tectonics was established and provided a first quantitative theoretical framework for understanding geological processes. The theory of plate tectonics stimulated the study of deformation properties of Earth materials, both in the brittle and the ductile regimes. Many of the foundations of plastic deformation of minerals and rocks were established during this period. Also, new experimental techniques were developed, including deformation apparatus for high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, electron micros-copy study of defects in minerals, and the X-ray technique of deformation fabric analysis. The field benefited greatly from materials science concepts of deformation that were introduced, including the models of point defects and their interaction with dislocations. A summary of progress is given by the volume Flow and Fracture of Rocks: The Griggs Volume, published in 1972 by the American Geophysical Union. Since then, the scope of Earth sciences has greatly expanded. Geodynamics became concerned with the Earth's deep interior where seismologists discovered heterogeneities and anisotropy at all scales that were previously thought to be typical of the crust and the upper mantle. Investigations of the solar system documented new mineral phases and rocks far beyond the Earth. Both domains have received a lot of attention from mineralogists (e.g., summarized in MSA's Reviews in Mineralogy, Volume 36, Planetary Materials and Volume 37, Ultra-High Pressure Mineralogy). Most attention was directed towards crystal chemistry and phase relations, yet an understanding of the deformation behavior is essential for interpreting the dynamic geological processes from geological and geophysical observations. This was largely the reason for a rebirth of the study of rock plasticity, leading to new approaches that include experiments at extreme conditions and modeling of deformation behavior based on physical principles. A wide spectrum of communities emerged that need to use information about mineral plasticity, including mineralogy, petrology, structural geology, seismology, geodynamics and engineering. This was the motivation to organize a workshop, in December 2002 in Emeryville, California, to bridge the very diverse disciplines and facilitate communication. This volume written for this workshop should help one to become familiar with a notoriously difficult subject, and the various contributions represent some of the important progress that has been achieved. The spectrum is broad. High-resolution tomographic images of Earth's interior obtained from seismology need to be interpreted on the bases of materials properties to understand their geodynamic significance. Key issues include the influence of deformation on seismic signatures, such as attenuation and anisotropy, and a new generation of experimental and theoretical studies on rock plasticity has contributed to a better understanding. Extensive space exploration has revealed a variety of tectonic styles on planets and their satellites, underlining the uniqueness of the Earth. To understand why plate tectonics is unique to Earth, one needs to understand the physical mechanisms of localization of deformation at various scales and under different physical conditions. Also here important theoretical and experimental studies have been conducted. In both fields, studies on anisotropy and shear localization, large-strain deformation experiments and quantitative modeling are critical, and these have become available only recently. Complicated interplay among chemical reactions (including partial melting) is a key to understand the evolution of Earth. This book contains two chapters on the developments of new techniques of experimental studies: one is large-strain shear deformation (Chapter 1 by Mackwell and Paterson) and another is deformation experiments under ultrahigh pressures (Chapter 2 by Durham et al.). Both technical developments are the results of years of efforts that are opening up new avenues of research along which rich new results are expected to be obtained. Details of physical and chemical processes of deformation in the crust and the upper mantle are much better understood through the combination of well controlled laboratory experiments with observations on "real" rocks deformed in Earth. Chapter 3 by Tullis and Chapter 4 by Hirth address the issues of deformation of crustal rocks and the upper mantle, respectively. In Chapter 5 Kohlstedt reviews the interplay of partial melting and deformation, an important subject in understanding the chemical evolution of Earth. Cordier presents in Chapter 6 an overview of the new results of ultrahigh pressure deformation of deep mantle minerals and discusses microscopic mechanisms controlling the variation of deformation mechanisms with minerals in the deep mantle. Green and Marone review in Chapter 7 the stability of deformation under deep mantle conditions with special reference to phase transformations and their relationship to the origin of intermediate depth and deep-focus earthquakes. In Chapter 8 Schulson provides a detailed description of fracture mechanisms of ice, including the critical brittle-ductile transition that is relevant not only for glaciology, planetology and engineering, but for structural geology as well. In Chapter 9 Cooper provides a review of experimental and theoretical studies on seismic wave attenuation, which is a critical element in interpreting distribution of seismic wave velocities and attenuation. Chapter 10 by Wenk reviews the relationship between crystal preferred orientation and macroscopic anisotropy, illustrating it with case studies. In Chapter 11 Dawson presents recent progress in poly-crystal plasticity to model the development of anisotropic fabrics both at the microscopic and macroscopic scale. Such studies form the basis for geodynamic interpretation of seismic anisotropy. Finally, in Chapter 12 Montagner and Guillot present a thorough review of seismic anisotropy of the upper mantle covering the vast regions of geodynamic interests, using a global surface wave data set. In Chapter 13 Bercovici and Karato summarize the theoretical aspects of shear localization. All chapters contain extensive reference lists to guide readers to the more specialized literature. Obviously this book does not cover all the areas related to plastic deformation of minerals and rocks. Important topics that are not fully covered in this book include mechanisms of semi-brittle deformation and the interplay between microstructure evolution and deformation at different levels, such as dislocation substructures and grain-size evolution ("self-organization"). However, we hope that this volume provides a good introduction for graduate students in Earth science or materials science as well as the researchers in these areas to enter this multidisciplinary field.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 420 Seiten)
    ISBN: 0939950634
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    Amsterdam ; Boston : Elsevier Academic Press
    Keywords: DDC 510 ; LC QA39.3 ; Mathematics
    Description / Table of Contents: A down-to-earth introduction to the growing field of modern mathematical biology. Also includes appendices which provide background material that goes beyond advanced calculus and linear algebra
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii-viii, 2001 pages)
    ISBN: 9780122491030
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    Pages: Online-Ressource (893-1910 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780444504715
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    Unknown
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    ISBN: 9780444823151
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    ISBN: 9780444513625
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    Pages: Online-Ressource (1213-1686)
    ISBN: 9780444510808
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    Pages: Online-Ressource (1-519 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780444500632
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    Description / Table of Contents: This volume contains 23 papers from a range of international contributors, describing recent research into the tectonics and magmatism of Turkey and its surroundings. This region is sited at the collision zone between Eurasia and Afro-Arabia and, as such, provides an extraordinarily complete and well-exposed record of the staged tectonic evolution of this sector of the Alpine-Himalayan orogen. The geological history of this area involves separation of continental fragments from the margin of Gondwana, their migration across the Tethyan oceans, the subsequent closure of these oceans and, finally, the development of the neotectonic regime, which continues to evolve to the present day. Such a comprehensive record is relevant to the understanding of collisional zones worldwide. The volume is divided into five sections: Tethyan evolution, Neotethyan ophiolites, post-Tethyan basin evolution, neotectonics and igneous activity. The first two sections deal with Tethyan oceans, whose growth and subsequent closure dominated the geodynamic framework in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The subsequent sections deal with more recent geological developments from the Balkan Peninsula in the west to the Transcaucasus in the east that followed consumption of the Tethyan oceans. There is a broad mix of papers throughout the volume: wide-ranging review papers on ocean development and extensional tectonics are followed by detailed descriptions of petrology and geochemistry and geographically focused studies on basin evolution, specific aspects of extensional and strike-slip tectonics and discussions of the relationship of magmatic activity to the tectonic development of the area.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (512 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390649
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Historische Geologie ; Sediment ; Event-Stratigraphie ; Lithostratigraphie ; Seismische Stratigraphie ; Geologie ; Sedimentation ; Regression (Geomorphologie) ; Meeresspiegelschwankung ; Tektonik ; Senkung (Tektonik) ; Strukturgeologie ; Stratigraphie ; Sedimentationsbecken ; Sedimentationszyklus ; Sedimentologie ; Becken (Geologie)
    Description / Table of Contents: Concepts and Models --- The falling stage systems tract: recognition and importance in sequence stratigraphic analysis / A. Guy Plint and Dag Nummedal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 1-17, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.01 --- Aspects of the stratal architecture of forced regressive deposits / Henry W. Posamentier and William R. Morris / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 19-46, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.02 --- Palaeozoic-Mesozoic --- Carbonate megabreccias in a sequence stratigraphic context; evidence from the Cambrian of North Greenland / Jon R. Ineson and Finn Surlyk / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 47-68, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.03 --- Shingled, sharp-based shoreface sandstones: depositional response to stepwise forced regression in a shallow basin, Upper Triassic Gassum Formation, Denmark / Lars Hamberg and Lars Henrik Nielsen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 69-89, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.04 --- The significance of the Etive Formation in the development of the Brent system: distinction of normal and forced regressions / Tina R. Olsen and Ron J. Steel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 91-112, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.05 --- Forced regressions: recognition, architecture and genesis in the Campanian of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming / Roy Fitzsimmons and Steve Johnson / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 113-139, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.06 --- Style contrast between forced regressive and lowstand/transgressive wedges in the Campanian of south-central Wyoming (Hatfield Member of the Haystack Mountains Formation) / Donatella Mellere and Ronald Steel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 141-162, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.07 --- Forward stratigraphic modelling of forced regressions: evidence for the genesis of attached and detached lowstand systems / R. B. Ainsworth, H. Bosscher and M. J. Newall / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 163-176, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.08 --- Cenozoic --- Tectonically enhanced forced regressions: examples from growth folds in extensional and compressional settings, the Miocene of the Suez rift and the Eocene of the Pyrenees / Robert L. Gawthorpe, Matt Hall, Ian Sharp and Tom Dreyer / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 177-191, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.09 --- Recognition and distinction of normal and forced regression in cyclothemic strata: a Plio-Pleistocene case study from eastern North Island, New Zealand / Douglas W. Haywick / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 193-215, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.10 --- Response of Plio-Pleistocene mixed bioclastic-lithoclastic temperate-water carbonate systems to forced regressions: the Calcarenite di Gravina Formation, Puglia, SE Italy / Marcello Tropeano and Luisa Sabato / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 217-243, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.11 --- Quaternary forced regression deposits in the Adriatic basin and the record of composite sea-level cycles / Fabio Trincardi and Annamaria Correggiari / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 245-269, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.12 --- Depositional response to Quaternary fourth-order sea-level fluctuations on the Latium margin (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) / Francesco L. Chiocci / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 271-289, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.13 --- Sequence stratigraphy and architecture of the Late Pleistocene Lagniappe delta complex, northeast Gulf of Mexico / V. Kolla, P. Biondi, B. Long and R. Fillon / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 291-327, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.14 --- Seismic stratigraphy of the Gulf of Cádiz continental shelf: a model for Late Quaternary very high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and response to sea-level fall / F. J. Hernández-Molina, L. Somoza and F. Lobo / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 329-362, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.15 --- Along-strike variability of forced regressive deposits: late Quaternary, northern Peloponnesos, Greece / Lesley S. McMurray and Robert L. Gawthorpe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 172, 363-377, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.172.01.16
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 383 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 1862390630
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  • 86
    Keywords: Pakistan ; Geologie ; Geomorphologie ; Tektonik ; Orogenese ; Himalaja ; Historische Geologie ; Platte ; Geologie ; Kontinentale Erdkruste ; Metamorphose ; Geochronologie ; Nanga Parbat ; Topografie ; Epirogenese ; Tiefenstruktur ; Gravimetrie ; Nanga-Parbat-Gebiet ; Lithosphäre ; Erdmantel ; Plattentektonik ; Tiefentektonik ; Tektonosphäre ; Plate Tectonics ; Himalaya Mountains ; Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) ; Himalaya Mountains Region
    Description / Table of Contents: Tectonics of the Nanga Parbat syntaxis and the western Himalaya: an introduction / Peter J. Treloar, Michael P. Searle, M. Asif Khan and M. Qasim Jan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 1-6, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.01 --- The gravity field of the Karakoram Mountain Range and surrounding areas / A. Caporali / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 7-23, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.02 --- Mafic sheets from Indian plate gneisses in the Nanga Parbat syntaxis: their significance in dating crustal growth and metamorphic and deformation events / P. J. Treloar, M. T. George and A. G. Whittington / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 25-50, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.03 --- Structural evolution of the western margin of the Nanga Parbat massif, Pakistan Himalaya: insights from the Raikhot-Liachar area / R. W. H. Butler / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 51-75, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.04 --- Tectonics of the SW margin of the Nanga Parbat-Haramosh massif / M. A. Edwards, W. S. F. Kidd, M. A. Khan and D. A. Schneider / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 77-100, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.05 --- The evolution of the Main Mantle Thrust in the Western Syntaxis, Northern Pakistan / T. W. Argles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 101-122, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.06 --- Geological structure of the southern part of the Nanga Parbat massif, Pakistan Himalaya, and its tectonic implications / R. W. H. Butler, J. Wheeler, P. J. Treloar and C. Jones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 123-136, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.07 --- Geochronological constraints on the evolution of the Nanga Parbat syntaxis, Pakistan Himalaya / P. J. Treloar, D. C. Rex, P. G. Guise, J. Wheeler, A. J. Hurford and A. Carter / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 137-162, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.08 --- Unroofing of the Nanga Parbat Himalaya / J. F. Shroder and M. P. Bishop / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 163-179, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.09 --- Remote sensing and geomorphometric assessment of topographic complexity and erosion dynamics in the Nanga Parbat massif / M. P. Bishop and J. F. Shroder / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 181-200, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.10 --- Tracing the origins of the western Himalaya: an isotopic comparison of the Nanga Parbat massif and Zanskar Himalaya / A. Whittington, N. B. W. Harris, M. W. Ayres and G. Foster / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 201-218, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.11 --- From buckling to asymmetric folding of the continental lithosphere: numerical modelling and application to the Himalayan syntaxes / J.-P. Burg and Y. Podladchikov / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 219-236, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.12 --- Mantle exhumation along the Tirich Mir Fault Zone, NW Pakistan: pre-mid-Cretaceous accretion of the Karakoram terrane to the Asian margin / A. Zanchi, S. Poli, P. Fumagalli and M. Gaetani / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 237-252, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.13 --- New field, structural and geochronological data from the Shyok and Nubra valleys, northern Ladakh: linking Kohistan to Tibet / R. F. Weinberg, W. J. Dunlap and M. Whitehouse / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 253-275, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.14 --- Geological evolution of the Hindu Kush, NW Frontier Pakistan: active margin to continent-continent collision zone / P. R. Hildebrand, M. P. Searle, Shakirullah, Zafarali Khan and H. J. Van Heijst / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 277-293, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.15 --- Pre-collisional anastomosing shear zones in the Kohistan arc, NW Pakistan / L. Arbaret, J.-P. Burg, G. Zeilinger, N. Chaudhry, S. Hussain and H. Dawood / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 295-311, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.16 --- Timing of magmatic and metamorphic events in the Jijal complex of the Kohistan arc deduced from Sm-Nd dating of mafic granulites / H. Yamamoto and E. Nakamura / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 313-319, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.17 --- Isotopic constraints on the evolution of metamorphic conditions in the Jijal-Patan complex and the Kamila Belt of the Kohistan arc, Pakistan Himalaya / R. Anczkiewicz and D. Vance / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 321-331, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.18 --- Formation of mélanges in the Indus Suture Zone, Ladakh Himalaya by successive subduction-related, collisional and post-collisional processes during Late Mesozoic-Late Tertiary time / A. H. F. Robertson / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 333-374, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.19 --- The Main Mantle Thrust in Pakistan: its character and extent / J. A. DiPietro, A. Hussain, I. Ahmad and M. A. Khan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 375-393, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.20 --- Crustal shortening estimates across the north Indian continental margin, Ladakh, NW India / R. I. Corfield and M. P. Searle / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 395-410, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.21 --- Glaucophane and barroisite eclogites from the Upper Kaghan nappe: implications for the metamorphic history of the NW Himalaya / B. Lombardo, F. Rolfo and R. Compagnoni / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 411-430, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.22 --- Metamorphic evolution, 40Ar-39Ar chronology and tectonic model for the Neelum valley, Azad Kashmir, NE Pakistan / D. Fontan, M. Schouppe, C. J. Hunziker, G. Martinotti and J. Verkaeren / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 431-453, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.23 --- Exotic conglomerates of the Neogene Siwalik succession and their implications for the tectonic and topographic evolution of the Western Himalaya / I. A. Abbasi and P. F. Friend / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 455-466, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.24 --- Stratigraphic and tectonic evolution of the northwestern Indian plate and Kabul Block / M. S. Badshah, E. Gnos, M. Q. Jan and M. I. Afridi / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 170, 467-476, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.170.01.25
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 476 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 1862390614
    Language: English
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  • 87
    Keywords: geomorphology ; landform modelling ; fluvial landform structure
    Description / Table of Contents: Part 1. Landform Modelling, General Considerations --- The Paradox of Equivalence of the Davisian End-Peneplain and Penckian Primary Peneplain / Hiroo Ohmori / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 3-32 --- Geomorphology: Boundaries between Media / Robert W. Blair, Jr. / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 33-42 --- Evolution of the Ocean Floor Morphostructure: Actualistic Model / Alexander V. Ilyin / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 43-59 --- Scale-Specific Landforms and Aspects of the Land Surface / Ian S. Evans / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 61-94 --- Part 2. Material Transport in Landform Modelling --- Simple Model for the Complex Dynamics of Dunes / Hiraku Nishimori and Hirohisa Tanaka / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 87-100 --- Green's Function of Mass Transport and the Landform Equation / Masashige Hirano / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 101-114 --- Towards Quantitative Modelling of Landform Evolution through Frequency and Magnitude of Processes: A Model Conception / Jochen Schmidt and Nicholas James Preston / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 115-129 --- Part 3. Fluvial Landform Structure: Mathematical and Physical Laws --- Planar Organization of River Networks: A Hidden Gamma Law Structure / Christophe Cudennec, Youssef Fouad and Irianto Sumarjo-Gatot / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 133-145 --- Tiling Properties of Drainage Basins and Their Physical Bases / Eiji Tokunaga / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 147-166 --- Mathematical Modeling of Landforms: Optimality and Steady-State Solutions / Scott D. Peckham / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 167-182 --- Part 4. DEMs, GIS and Modelling in Geomorphology --- A Simple GIS Model for Mapping Landslide Susceptibility / Richard J. Pike, Russell W. Graymer and Steven Sobieszczyk / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 185-197 --- Eigenvector Analysis of Digital Elevation Models in a GIS: Geomorphometry and Quality Control / Peter L. Guth / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 199-220 --- Multiresolution Spline Models and Their Applications in Geomorphology / Jan Rasmus Sulebak and Øyvind Hjelle / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 221-237
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 254 Seiten)
    ISBN: 4887041322
    Language: English
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  • 88
    Keywords: ActionScript 1.0 ; ActionScript 2.0 ; Flash MX 2004
    Pages: Online-Ressource (668 Seiten)
    Edition: 1. Aufl.
    ISBN: 3898422216
    Language: German
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  • 89
    Keywords: LINUX
    Pages: Online-Ressource (825 Seiten)
    Edition: 3. Aufl.
    ISBN: 3897211335
    Language: German
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  • 90
    Unknown
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: geodesy ; geophysics ; seismology ; seismotectonics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Azores-Tunisia region is formed by the western part of the plate boundary between Eurasia and Africa. This plate boundary presents a complex nature due to its proximity to the pole of rotation of the African plate. This condition produces crustal extensions and normal faulting at the Azores archipelago, transcurrent motion with strike slip faulting at the center part of the Azores-Gibraltar fault and at the eastern end, from the Gulf of Cadiz to Tunisia, plate convergence with reverse faulting. In this last part, the collision of Iberia with northern Morocco produces complex phenomena with intermediate depth and deep earthquakes and an extensional regime at the Alboran sea. Recently, new evidence has been gathered in this region based on observations from geology, geodesy, mainly through GPS measurements, seismology, especially with the installation of broad-band stations, and other fields of geophysics, such as paleomagnetism and gravimetry.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764370435
    Language: English
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  • 91
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; crustal structure ; monitoring ; wave propagation
    Description / Table of Contents: On September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center (IDC), and on-site inspections to verify compliance. Successful monitoring of a CTBT requires that we detect and identify all nuclear explosions. Since many events of concern will be too small to be detected teleseismically, this capability requires the use of regional-distance seismograms. The complexity of regional seismograms presents many technical challenges for a monitoring program. This issue focuses on problems associated with regional wave propagation through complex media. It includes papers that investigate regional variations of elastic and anelastic properties of Eurasia, the blockage of regional phases by sedimentary basins, methods for modeling regional wave propagation and for calibrating seismic wave paths in order to extract amplitude variations and source parameters. These papers illustrate the research and development necessary for acquiring an understanding of regional wave propagation which in turn provides the foundation for operational tools used to monitor a CTBT.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 211 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764365509
    Language: English
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  • 92
    Keywords: Samba 2.2 ; Samba 3.0
    Pages: Online-Ressource (570 Seiten)
    Edition: 2. Aufl.
    ISBN: 3897213591
    Language: German
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  • 93
    Keywords: data analysis ; earthquake ; modelling ; numerical simulation
    Description / Table of Contents: In the last decade of the 20th century, there has been great progress in the physics of earthquake generation; that is, the introduction of laboratory-based fault constitutive laws as a basic equation governing earthquake rupture, quantitative description of tectonic loading driven by plate motion, and a microscopic approach to study fault zone processes. The fault constitutive law plays the role of an interface between microscopic processes in fault zones and macroscopic processes of a fault system, and the plate motion connects diverse crustal activities with mantle dynamics. An ambitious challenge for us is to develop realistic computer simulation models for the complete earthquake process on the basis of microphysics in fault zones and macro-dynamics in the crust-mantle system. Recent advances in high performance computer technology and numerical simulation methodology are bringing this vision within reach. The book consists of two parts and presents a cross-section of cutting-edge research in the field of computational earthquake physics. Part I includes works on microphysics of rupture and fault constitutive laws, and dynamic rupture, wave propagation and strong ground motion. Part II covers earthquake cycles, crustal deformation, plate dynamics, and seismicity change and its physical interpretation. Topics covered in Part I range from the microscopic simulation and laboratory studies of rock fracture and the underlying mechanism for nucleation and catastrophic failure to the development of theoretical models of frictional behaviors of faults; as well as the simulation studies of dynamic rupture processes and seismic wave propagation in a 3-D heterogeneous medium, to the case studies of strong ground motions from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and seismic hazard estimation for Cascadian subduction zone earthquakes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764369156
    Language: English
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  • 94
    Unknown
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: seismic waves ; geophysics ; seismology
    Description / Table of Contents: This special issue contains contributions presented at the international workshop Seismic Waves in Laterally Inhomogeneous Media V, which was held at the Castle of Zahrádky, Czech Republic, June 5 - 9, 2000. The workshop, which was attended by about 60 seismologists from 16 countries, was devoted mainly to the current state of theoretical and computational means of study of seismic wave propagation in complex structures. The special issue begins with papers dealing with the study and the application of the ray methods. Problems such as coupling of quasi-shear waves or smoothing of models for effective ray computations are dealt with. Applications of the ray methods in seismic exploration are presented. Further, directional wavefield decomposition, phase space, path integral and parabolic equation methods are discussed. Attention is also devoted to attenuation and scattering problems, and to seismic inversion problems.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 503 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764366773
    Language: English
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  • 95
    Unknown
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: induced seismicity
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 617 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764366537
    Language: English
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  • 96
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD
    Description / Table of Contents: The September 11th terrorist attacks, the Chernobyl nuclear accident, Hurricane Andrew and the Kobe earthquake are all recent examples of large-scale disasters that have taken a massive toll in human lives, wealth and property. They have disrupted vital systems such as transport and energy supplies and spilled over into neighbouring as well as distant regions. They have also generated widespread anxiety, and in some cases created deep-seated public mistrust of governments' ability to protect their citizens. This book is based on a report prepared between May and July 2003 by a multi-disciplinary team of experts from inside and outside of the OECD. It examines the economic and social impacts of past large-scale disasters, and draws a number of key lessons for the future. Its focus is on better prevention of disasters, and on restoring trust and securing recovery in their aftermath.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (98 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264020207
    Language: English
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  • 97
    Description / Table of Contents: Im Rahmen der 74. Jahrestagung der Paläontologischen Gesellschaft, die 2004 zum vierten Mal in Göttingen stattfand, wurden sechs Exkursionen in die nähere Umgebung Göttingens durchgeführt sowie Workshops zu Geo-Histologie, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und Ostrakoden angeboten. Der vorliegende Exkursionsführer und Workshop-Begleiter ist mit zahlreichen Abbildungen und Farbseiten ausgestattet. Er bietet zur regionalen Geowissenschaft Niedersachsens und zu den genannten Workshop-Themen aktuelle und fundierte Informationen.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783930457618
    Language: German
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  • 98
    Keywords: DDC 515/.0212 ; LC QA55 ; Mathematics - Tables
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xlvii, 1163 pages)
    Edition: 6th ed
    ISBN: 9780122947575
    Language: English
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  • 99
    Unknown
    San Diego : Academic Press
    Keywords: DDC 511.3 ; LC QA218 ; Automatic theorem proving ; Equations - Numerical solutions - Data processing
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xix, 551 pages)
    ISBN: 9780127347608
    Language: English
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  • 100
    Unknown
    San Diego : Academic Press
    Keywords: DDC 515/.42 ; LC QA312 ; Geometric measure theory
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 226 pages)
    Edition: 3rd ed
    ISBN: 9780125068512
    Language: English
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