ALBERT

Note: Erscheint alle 2 Jahre , Text in deutscher und englischer Sprache

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift , In russischer und englischer Sprache

Note: Contents: Preface. - Introduction. - Gymnosperm. - Pinaceae. - Taxodiaceae. - Cupressaceae. - Podocarpaceae. - Ephedraceae. - Angiosperm. - Juglandaceae. - Myricaceae. - Bibliography. - Plates. - Gymnosperm. - Pinaceae: Plates 1-23. - Taxodiaceae: Plates 24-26. - Cupressaceae: Plates 27-39. - Podocarpaceae: Plates 40-46. - Ephedraceae: Plates 47-52. - Angiosperm. - Juglandaceae: Plates 53-64. - Myricaceae: Plates 64-68. - Pollen Sample List. - Index.

Note: Contents: Conference Programme. - Session 1: Contamination / Chairman: D. Hunkeler. - Compound-specific isotope methods in contaminant hydrogeology: State-of-the-art and challenges / D. Hunkeler, Y. Abe. - Stable isotope study of a volatile hydrocarbons contaminated landfill site, Bortfol, Switzerland / Thierry R. Oppikofer, Torsten W. Vennemann, Jorge E. Spangenberg, Markus Bill. - Application of compound-specific stable carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis to characterize organic contamination of groundwater / Jeroen Verhack, Jan Bronders, Ilse Van Keer, Rudy Swennen, Jan Schwarzbauer, Tom N.P. Bosma. - Evidences for in situ natural attenuation of Monochlorobenzene in an anaerobic contaminated aquifer / Ivonne Nijenhuis, Sylvia Uhlig, Arno Kaschl, Marcell Nikolausz, Matthias Kastner, Hans-Hermann Richnow. - Stable isotopes as expert witness in traffic accidents: assessing the likelihood between forensic samples of motor oils / Jorge E. Spangenberg, Georges Pierrini, Christophe Champod, Franco Taroni. - Isotopic investigation of dissolved and sedimentary sulfur compounds for assessing in-situ biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a sulfate rich urban aquifer / Kay Knoeller, Michael Schubert. - Tracing the impact of river bank filtration on the transport of xenobiotica in urban groundwater by stable isotopes / Karsten Osenbrück, Rolf Trettin, Kay Knoller, Gerhard Strauch, Hans-Reinhard Glaser, Monika Möder. - Effects of covering spoil piles on its water budget determined by environmental isotopes / Stephan M. Weise, Jutta Parnieske-Pasterkamp, Rene Vogt, Franziska Rudolph. - Session 2: Geochemistry & Water / Chairman: J. Hoefs. - Isotope fingerprints in the earth sciences: a critical discussion / Jochen Hoefs. - Stable isotope ratio measurements using the Finnigan NEPTUNE multi collector ICPMS using high mass resolution / Johannes Schwieters, Claudia Bouman. - The mineral isotope composition of two Precambrian carbotiatitc complexes from the Karelian - Kola region / Marion Tichomirowa, Gerhard Grosche, Boris Belyatski, Elena Savva, Jörg Keller, Jens Gotze, Wolfgang Todi. - Development of methods for recovery of water from fluid inclusions for stable isotope analysis / Yuri Dublyansky. - Determination of δD and δ18O in brackish and saline natural waters. Part I: The question of distillation of water samples prior to isotopic analysis / Adam Porowski, Peter Kowski. - Isotopic evidences for a new type of groundwater in the Kinnerct basin, Israel / C. Siebert, S. Geyer, P. Möller. - Geochemical and isotopic investigations of a fractured rock aquifer including embedded lakes / Elke Bozau, Gerhard Strauch. - High spatial resolution sulfur isotope analysis of sulfide minerals from the Kupferschiefer deposits of Lubin area, SW Poland / H. Roy Krouse, Jan Parafiniuk, Jaroslaw Nowak, Stan Halas. - Stable isotope composition of daily and monthly precipitation in Zagreb / Jadranka Barešic, Nada Horvatincic, Ines Krajcar Bronic, Bogomil Obelic. - Geochemical investigations of the dissolved gases in the Boom Clay pore water / Sándor Kele, Hugo Moors, Maarten Van Geet, Mieke De Craen, Staf Valkiers, Mihai Variant. - The water isotopes use for determination of water origin in karstic areas: case study / Victor Feurdean, Lucia Feurdean, Ion Stefanescu, Carmen Varlam, Mihai Gligan. - Concentration and separation of uranium and thorium from sediment in north Algerian Sahara using organophosphorus extractant and ions exchange resin / A. W. Badreddine, H. Brahimi, F. Boucheneb. - Session 3: Ecology / Chairman: L. Waasenaar. - Global application of stable hydrogen isotopes to wildlife forensics / Leonard l. Wassenaar, Keith A. Hobson, Gabriel J. Bowen. - Nitrogen isotope ratios as indicator of organic production / Hilmar Forstel, Angelika Basu, Markus Boner. - Effects of clear cutting and soil preparation on natural 15N abundance and N concentration in the needle and soil of two boreal conifer tree species / S. P. Sah, H. llvesniemi. - Carbon isotopes distribution along pine needles (Pinus nigra) / Lidia Barszczowska, Mariusz-Orion Jedrysek. - Potential of natural fouling communities for assimilation offish farm derived particulate nitrogen: a case study in Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea) / Sonja Lojen, Timor Katz, Anat Tsemel, Ehud Spanier, Dror L. Angel. - CO2 concentration and δ13C through time in sets of monthly air samples from downtown Parma and from the Parma and Taro river valleys, Italy / Antonio Longinelli. - Carbon isotope discrimination affected by atmospheric pollutants / Ralf Wagner. - Turnover of soil organic carbon - The microbial perspective / Christiane Kramer & Gerd Gleixner. - C and O isotope working standards from C3 and C4 photosynthates / Jorge E. Spangenberg. - Use of 15N tracer technique to understand chronic responses of Daphnia magna after shortterm expose to the pyrethroid insecticide fenvalerate / Sebastian Reynaldi, Matthias Liess, Klaus Jung. - Anthropogenic lakes - negligible sources for climate relevant gases? / Horst-Michael Nitzsche, Frank W. Junge. - Effects of environmental factors on δ13C of lichens / Stela Maria Cuna, Gabriela Balas, Elza Hauer. - Online measurement of N2-fluxes from soil cores by using the zeolite KÖSTROLITH SX6® coupled to a GC-ConFlow-IRMS / O. Spott, B. Apelt, R. Russow, C. F. Stange. - Deuterium content in plants with short lifetime: preliminary results / Victor Feurdean, Lucia Feurdean, Silviu Apahidean, Maria Apahidean, Augusta Lujerdean, Mihai Gligan. - Session 4: Sedimentology / Chairman: M. E. Böttcher. - Authigenic sulfur phases as recorders for black shale-triggered anaerobic oxidation of methane: Results from ODP Leg 207 / M.E. Böttcher, H.-J. Brumsack, A. Hetzel, A. Schipper. - Microbially-derived methane in coalbed gases: compound-specific carbon-isotopic study of coalbed gases from the Illinois Basin, USA / D. Strapoc, A. Schimmelmann, M. Mastalerz. - Early diagenesis of sulphur in recent estuarine sediments (Authie Bay, N France) / Sonja Lojen, Nevenka Mikac, Cedric Gabelle, Michel Wartel. - Sulfur and oxygen isotopes of Lower Miocene nonmarine evaporites in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin / S. Halas, T.M. Peryt, I. Pluta. - Ordovician and Silurian carbon isotope trend: a state of art report based on the East Baltic data / Tonu Martma, Dimitri Kaljo. - Variations of δ13 CTOC values of clastic sediments from Thuringia related to biogeochemical carbon cycle / Karin Bräuer, Knut Hahne, Birgit Mingram, Ulrich Wand. - Basin-Scale changes in Upper Cretaceous paleosols: paleoenvironmentai implication for the Maastricht deposits, South Carpathians / Ana-Voica Bojar, Dan Grigorescu, Franz Ottner, Zoltan Csiki. - Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen isotope fractionation during experimental formation of pirssonite / M. E. Böttcher, S.M. Bernasconi, K. Simon. - Carbon isotope fractionation of methane and CO2 during coalbed gas desorption from coal, Illinois Basin, USA / D. Strapoc, A. Schimmelmann, M Mastahrz. - Carbon istopic preliminary studies on paleoenvironmentai variations recorded in the Lower Carboniferous deposits from the Bardzkie Mountains (Sudetes, SW Poland) / Monika Majewska-Bill, Mariusz Orion Jedrysek. - Session 5: Paleoclimatology / Chairman: G. H. Schleser. - Stable isotopes as proxies for the reconstruction of past climates / G.H. Schleser. - A stable isotope record of an ice core from Akadumii Nauk ice cap, Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic / Diedrich Fritzsche, Rainer Schütt, Hanno Meyer, Heinrich Miller, Frank Wilhelms, Lev M. Savatyugin. - Stable isotope investigations on tree-ring cellulose of Late Glacial pine chronology of Reichwakie (Lusatia). Effects caused by destruction of fossil woods / M. Haupt, R. Wagner, T. Boettger. - Effect of river regulation on the isotopic characteristics of river water and molluscs / István Fórizs. - Stable isotope study on the carbonate phases of the Basahare toess-paleosol profile (Hungary) / Bernadett Bajnó

Note: Table of Contents: SESSION 1: DIELECTRIC PROPTERTIES OF AQUEOUS MATERIALS. - 1 Polymer Chains Linked by Water Molecules. A Dielectric Spectrometry Study. - 2 Accurate Determination of Debye Relaxation Data of Polar Liquids by a Multistep Retro-modelling Technique. - 3 Admittance Derivative Spectrometry of Conducting Liquids. - 4 Accurate Dielectric Properties of Liquid Water from -15 to +40 °C as Determined by Retromodelling of a Dual Resonant Applicator. - 5 Dielectric Study of Temperature-Dependent Behavior of Bound Water in Grain. - SESSION 2: DIELECTRIC PROPTERTIES OF BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES AND TISSUES. - 1 Computation of Electromagnetic Fields within a Stratified Structure of Human Head. - 2 Water Effects in Hydrogels Studied by Dielectric Techniques. - 3 Dielectric Relaxation Study on Water Structure Restricted in Rice Kernel. - 4 Dielectric Properties of Water Solutions with Small Content of Sugar and Glucose in the Millimeter Wave Band and the Determination of Glucose in Blood. - 5 Research of the Complex Spectrum Interaction with Surface of Biological Tissue. - 6 Dielectric Properties of Human Semen at Microwave Frequencies. - SESSION 3: APPLICATIONS OF MODEL SYSTEMS, MIXING RULES, CALIBRATION, AND RECONSTRUCTION ALGORITHM. - 1 The Relation between Fractal Dimension and Microwave Parameters. - 2 A Unified Moisture Algorithm for Improved RF Dielectric Grain Moisture Measurements. - 3 Development of TDR-Sensors for Moist Materials Using HFSS. - 4 Modelling of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation along Transmission Lines in Inhomogeneous Media. - 5 The Theoretical Model of the Microwave Complex Permittivity of Grain. - 6 Enhanced Integral Equation Modelling for Moisture Sensors. - 7 Spatial Time Domain Reflectometry with Rod Probes. - SESSION 4: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPGAGATION IN LOSSY DIELECTRICS RELATED TO SENSORS. - 1 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Polarizable Wet Media. - 2 Radiofrequency Measurement of a Lossy Dielectric Liquid Content in Water. - 3 Measurement of Moisture Content in a Highly Electrical Lossy Material using Time Domain Reflectometry. - 4 Some Topics of Measurement of Complex Permittivity for Lossy Dielectric Materials with Wide-Range of tanδ. - 5 Material Parameter Measurement of Soils and Liquids with a Waveguide Setup. - SESSION 5: MEASUREMENT METHODS. - 1 High Moisture Content Measurement Using Microwave Free-Space Technique. - 2 Comparison of Free Space Reflection and Transmission Time-Domain Measurements for the Determination of the Moisture Content of Bulk Materials. - 3 Hydrous Profile Modeling in Porous Materials from Reflection Coefficient Measurements at 2.45 GHz. - 4 Combined Frequency and Time Domain Moisture Sensing by an Ultra Wideband IQ-M-Sequence Approach. - 5 A Compact Network Analyzer for Resonant Microwave Sensors. - SESSION 6: ELECTROMAGNETIC SENSORS IN TIME- and FREQUENCY DOMAIN FOR MOISTURE CONTENT DETERMINATION IN SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS. - 1 Universal Microwave Moisture Sensor. - 2 Dual Frequency Moisture Sensor Based on Circular Microstrip Antenna. - 3 Characterization and Comparative Evaluation of Novel Planar Electromagnetic Sensors. - 4 Trough Guide Ring Resonator for Precision Microwave Moisture and Density Measurements. - 5 Simple Soil Moisture Probe for Low-Cost Measurement Applications. - SESSION 7: APPLICATIONS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING, PHARMACEUTIAL INDUSTRY, OIL INDUSTRY AND QUALITY INSPECTIONS. - 1 Non-Contact Moisture Sensor for Fresh Concrete. - 2 Application of Microwave Impulse Method for Measuring Moisture Profiles in Building Materials. - 3 Microwave Scanning Technology for Dielectric Material Testing. - 4 Measurement of Continuous Drying out of Subterranean Concrete Walls. - 5 TDR Technique for Measuring the Moisture Content in Brick. - 6 Measuring Moisture Profiles in FGD Gypsum Using the TDR Method. - 7 Advanced Monitoring of Wetness in Pharmaceutical Powder Processes Using In-Situ Dielectric Probe Measurements. - 8 Non-Destructive Microstrip Resonator Technique for the Measurement of Moisture / Permittivity in Crude Oil. - 9 A Novel Application of Planar Electromagnetic Sensing Technique - Quality Inspection of Saxophone Reeds. - SESSION 8: APPLICATION OF METHODS AND SENSORS TO FOODSTUFFS AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS. - 1 New Sensor for High Moist Leaves in Green Tea Production. - 2 Intangible but not Intractable: The Prediction of Food 'Quality' Variables Using Dielectric Spectroscopy. - 3 Microwave Sensing for Food Structure Evaluation. - 4 Effective Microwave Dielectric Properties of Food Materials Consisting of Large Particulates. - 5 RF Impedance Method for Nondestructive Moisture Content Determination in In-Shell Peanuts. - 6 Automatic Control of Moisture in Agricultural Products by Methods of Microwave Aquametry. - 7 High resolution, Non-destructive and In-process Time Domain Aquametry for FMCG and other products using Microstrip sensors. - 8 Frequency and Temperature Dependence of the Permittivity of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. - 9 A Theoretical Relationship Between the Fractal Dimension and Moisture Content in Grains. - SESSION 9: MOISTURE CONTENT DETERMINATION IN SOIL, SNOW AND WASTE DISPOSALS. - 1 Development of a Sensor for In-situ Determination of Snow, Moisture and Density. - 2 Water Content Measurements in Soil Column Tests with a New Electromagnetic Moisture Sensor. - 3 Alternative Surface Covering of Landfill Using the TAUPE Sealing Control System. - 4 Measurement Method for Detection of Moisture Profiles in a Saline Environment. - SESSION 10: MULTI-PARAMETER MEASUREMENTS FOR DETERMINATION OF PROPERTIES SUCH AS CONDUCTIVITY, MOISTURE, DENSITY, ETC. - 1 Density-independent Moisture Measurements in Polymer Powders Using Millimeter Wave Quasi-optical Resonator. - 2 Granular and Powdered Material Permittivity-density Relationships. - 3 Moisture and Ion Measurement Using Microstripline. - 4 Comparing Near-Field and Far-Field Dielectric Properties Measurements for Accuracy of Bulk Density and Moisture Content Determination in Grain. - POSTER SESSION. - P1 States of Water after the Ionising Radiation on Different Substituted Starches. - P2 Calibration Transfer for the Unified Grain Moisture Algorithm. - P3 Dielectric Properties of Bulk Materials and Restrictions to the Application of Two-Parameter Microwave Aquametry. - P4 Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves by Short Thin Wire and Application to the Modeling of Composites. - P5 Temperature Corrections for a VHF Unified Grain Moisture Algorithm. - P6 Large-scale Sensing of Snow Pack Properties. - P7 Comparing Time Domain Reflectometry and Electrical Resistivity Tomography Measurements for Estimating Soil Water Distribution. - P8 Detecting and Monitoring Frozen Ground and Unfrozen Water Content Using Electric and Electromagnetic Techniques. - P9 Improved Process Control of the Water Content in Biological Filtration Plants. - P10 Experience with Detectors for Infrared Moisture Measuring. - P11 TAUPE Sealing Monitoring System (SMS) for Landfills. - Soil Moisture Group Karlsruhe - Current Work and Future Prospects of a New Research Group. - Applications and Developments of Measurement Methods - an Overview. - Author Index. - Exhibition.

Note: CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 BASIC INFORMATION 2.1 SUMMARY TABLE (NET BALANCE, ELA, ELA0, AAR, AAR0) 2.2 CUMULATIVE SPECIFIC NET BALANCE GRAPHS 3 DETAILED INFORMATION 3.1 GLACIAR BAHIA DEL DIABLO (ANTARCTICA) 3.1.1 Topography and observational network 3.1.2 Net balance maps 2001/02 and 2002/03 3.1.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.1.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.2 MARTIAL ESTE (ARGENTINA) 3.2.1 Topography and observational network 3.2.2 Net balance maps 2001/02 and 2002/03 3.2.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.2.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.3 VERNAGTFERNER (AUSTRIA) 3.3.1 Topography and observational network 3.3.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.3.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.3.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.4 ZONGO (BOLIVIA) 3.4.1 Topography and observational network 3.4.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.4.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.4.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.5 WHITE (CANADA) 3.5.1 Topography and observational network 3.5.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.5.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.5.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.6 URUMQIHE S. NO. 1 (CHINA) 3.6.1 Topography and observational network 3.6.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.6.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.6.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.7 FONTANA BIANCA (ITALY) 3.7.1 Topography and observational network 3.7.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.7.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.7.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.8 TSENTRALNIY TUYUKSUYSKIY (KAZAKHSTAN) 3.8.1 Topography and observational network 3.8.2 Net balance map (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.8.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.8.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.9 NIGARDSBREEN (NORWAY) 3.9.1 Topography and observational network 3.9.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.9.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.9.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.10 WALDEMARBREEN (NORWAY) 3.10.1 Topography and observational network 3.10.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.10.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.10.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.11 DJANKUAT (RUSSIA) 3.11.1 Topography and observational network 3.11.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.11.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.11.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.12 MALIY AKTRU (RUSSIA) 3.12.1 Topography and observational network 3.12.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.12.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.12.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 3.13 STORGLACIÄREN (SWEDEN) 3.13.1 Topography and observational network 3.13.2 Net balance maps (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.13.3 Net balance versus altitude (2001/02 and 2002/03) 3.13.4 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) versus specific net balance for the whole observation period 4 FINAL REMARKS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS AND NATIONAL CORRESPONDENTS 5.1 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS 5.2 NATIONAL CORRESPONDENTS OF WGMS

Note: Contents Foreword, by Professor Dr. Martin Bopp Preface Acknowledgements 1. EXPERIMENTS ON SPORES AND GEMMAE Spore Germination in Liverwort - Jungermanniales, Marchantiales, Anthocerotales, Sphaerocarpales; Types of Spore Germination in Mosses - Sphagnales, Andreaeales, Tetraphidales, Bryales Factors Affecting Spore Germination - Light, Temperature, Sugars, Minerals, Growth Regulators, Hydrogen-ion concentration (pH), OtheT Factors Mechanism of Spore Germination Experiments on Gemmae - light, Temperature, Humidity and other Physical Factors, Growth Regulators, Nitrogenous Substances, Hydrogen-ion concentration (pH), Other Chemical Factors References 2. PROTONEMAL DIFFERENTIATION AND BUD FORMATION IN MOSSES Protonemal Differentiation Bud Formation Factors Affecting Bud Formation - Light, Temperature, Auxins, Cytokinins, Gibberellins, Adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate, Adenine and Amino Acids, Minerals and Chelates Vitamins, Abscisic Acid, Sugars, pH, Influence of Other Organisms References. 3. REGENERATION Potentialities of Various Organs for Regeneration - Regeneration from Leaves, Regeneration from Setae Morphology of Régénérants Factors Affecting Regeneration - Light. Radiation, pH, Season, Humidity. Wounding, Temperature, Size of the Fragment Reserve Food Material. Location in the Plant, Age, Correlative Inhibition. Polarity and Apical Dominance Changes Occurring in Regenerating Cells References 4. REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY Factors Affecting Gametangial Induction - Light Duration, Light Level, Light Quality. Temperature, Temperature-Photoperiod Interaction. Humidity. Hydration. Carbohydrates. Nitrogenous Substances, Growth Regulators, Chelating Agents, pH and Other Factors References 5. ALTERNATIVE PATHWAYS IN LIFE CYCLE Apogamy - Occurrence of Apogamy in Diplophase and Haplophase, Spore Production in Apogamous Sporophytes, Differentiation of Apogamous Sporophytes from Callus, Factors Controlling Differentiation of Apogamous Sporophytes: Exogenous Factors, Endogenous Factors, Differentiation of Sporophyte and Gametophyte, Role of Calyptra in Sporogon Development Apospory Callus Formation and its Differentiation - Formation of Callus. Differentiation in Callus Controls in Differentiation Alternation of Generations References 6. PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS Spore Germination - Liverworts, Mosses Growth - Liverworts, Mosses Vegetative Propagation - Liverworts, Mosses Metabolism - Liverworts. Mosses; Senescence Bud Induction in Mosses Tropic Responses - Liverworts, Mosses References. 7. ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES Spore Protonema Stem Leaf Gametangia - Antheridium Gametogenesis - Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis Sporogenesis - Spore Sac or Tapetum. Fluctuation in Plastid Number, Structural Changes in Plastids, Cytoplasm, and Other Organelles. Meiosis. Spore Wall Formation Sporophyte-Ganietophyte Junction Seta Histoenzymological Studies - Localization of Enzymes in the Haustorial Foot References 8. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF BRYOPHYTES Antibiotics Growth Substances - Specified Growth Substances, Non-specified Growth Substances Lipids - Alkanes, Fatty Acids, Cuticular Components Terpenoids - Monoterpenoids, Sesquiterpenoids, Ditetpenoids, Triterpenoids and Sterols Flavonoids - Flavones, Isoflavones, Flavonols, Dihydrofiavonoids and Biflavonyls, Aurones and Chalcones, Acylated Flavonoids, Anthocyanins and Proanthocyanidins, Sphagnorubins Lignins; Other Constitutents - Carotenoids, Carbohydrates, Organic Acids, Dihydrostilbenes, Enzymes, Amino Acids and Quinones, Inorganic Compounds, Miscellaneous, Antitumour Activities, Allergenic Activities References 9. BRYOPHYTES AS INDICATORS OF POLLUTION Heavy Metals - Lead, Cadmium, Zinc, Mercury, Arsenates, Chromium, Nickel. Vanadium Stability Pattern of Metal Ions Metal Tolerance - Copper Mosses, Peat Mosses Gaseous Pollutants - Sulphur dioxide. Fluorides, Ozone Radionuclides (Radio Isotopes) - Cesium. Strontium, Uranium; Radiations References. 10. PROTOPLAST CULTURE Isolation of Protoplasts - Mechanical Method, Enzymatic Method, Source Material for Protoplasts, Factors Affecting Protoplast Isolation: Culture of Protoplasts—Liquid Culture Agar Plating of Protoplasts: Regeneration of Protoplasts - Factors Affecting Regeneration Protoplast Fusion and Somatic Hybrids Induction and Isolation of Mutants References. 11. CONDUCTION IN BRYOPHYTES External Conduction - Gametophyte. Sporophyte, Significance of External Conduction Internal Conduction - Cells Involved in Conduction, Anatomy of the Horizontal Axis, Midribs and Leaf Traces. Conducting Strand in Seta and Capsule, Development and Structure of Mature Conducting Tissues. The Interphase, Internal Conduction of Water, Conduction of Organic Compounds; Evolutionary Trends in the Conducting Strands References. 12. WATER RELATIONS Absorption and Conduction of Water - Endohydric.' Ectohydric, Myxohydric Water Holding Capacity and Growth Rate Desiccation and Rehydration Mechanism of Damage Growth-Forms References SUBJECT INDEX PLANT INDEX AUTHOR INDEX

Note: CONTENTS: Preface / Claude R. Duguay and Alain Pietroniro. - Introduction / Claude R. Duguay and Alain Pietroniro. - Remote Sensing of Snow Cover / Dieter Scherer, Dorothy K. Hall, Volker Hochschild, Max König, Jan-Gunnar Winther, Claude R. Duguay, Frédérique Pivot, Christian Mätzler, Frank Rau, Klaus Seidel, Rune Solberg, and Anne E. Walker. - Remote Sensing of Glaciers and Ice Sheets / Jan-Gunnar Winther, Robert Bindschadler, Max König, and Dieter Scherer. - Ice Characteristics and Processes, and Remote Sensing of Frozen Rivers and Lakes / Martin O. Jeffries, Kim Morris, and Nickolai Kozlenko. - Satellite Remote Sensing of Permafrost and Seasonally Frozen Ground / Claude R. Duguay, Tingjun Zhang, David W. Leverington, and Vladimir E. Romanovsky. - Remote Sensing of Surface Water and Soil Moisture / Alain Pietroniro, Jessika Töyrä, Robert Leconte, and Geoff Kite. - Evaporation/Evapotranspiration Estimates With Remote Sensing / Raoul Granger and Normand Bussières. - Appendix: Acronyms. - Subject Index.

Note: Contents: Preface. - Acknowledgements. - List of Abbreviations. - 1 The evolution of knowledge about the Arctic and its climate. - 1.1 Historical exploration. - 1.2 The beginning of systematic observations. - 1.3 The modern era. - 2 Physical characteristics and basic climatic features. - 2.1 The Arctic ocean. - 2.2 The Arctic lands. - 2.3 Basic climatic elements. - 3 The basic atmospheric heat budget. - 3.1 The Arctic and the global heat budget. - 3.2 The basic Arctic heat budget. - 3.3 Further analysis of Fwall. - 4 The atmospheric circulation. - 4.1 Historical perspective. - 4.2 The stratospheric circulation. - 4.3 The Arctic tropopause. - 4.4 The mid-tropospheric circulation. - 4.5 Surface and near-surface circulation. - 4.6 Polar Lows. - 5 The surface energy budget. - 5.1 The energy balance equations. - 5.2 The downward solar radiation flux. - 5.3 Surface albedo. - 5.4 Longwave radiation fluxes. - 5.5 Distribution of net radiation. - 5.6 Cloud radiative forcing. - 5.7 Radiation fluxes from surface observations: examples from SHEBA. - 5.8 Partitioning of net radiation. - 5.9 Skin temperature, SAT and vertical structure. - 5.10 Radiation-climate feedbacks. - 6 Precipitation, net precipitation and river discharge. - 6.1 Precipitation. - 6.2 Evapo-transpiration and net precipitation. - 6.3 Mean annual cycles for the major terrestrial drainages. - 6.4 River discharge and runoff. - 7 Arctic ocean-sea ice-climate interactions. - 7.1 Sea ice formation, growth and melt. - 7.2 Mean circulation, ice zones and concentration. - 7.3 Sea ice motion. - 7.4 Examples of large-scale ocean-sea ice-climate interactions. - 7.5 The Fram Strait outflow and the thermohaline circulation. - 8 Climate regimes of the Arctic. - 8.1 The Greenland Ice Sheet. - 8.2 Polar desert. - 8.3 Maritime Arctic. - 8.4 Central Arctic Ocean. - 8.5 Mountains and uplands. - 8.6 Urban modifications of local climate. - 9 Modeling the Arctic climate system. - 9.1 General model types. - 9.2 Single-column models. - 9.3 Land surface models. - 9.4 Sea ice and ice-ocean models. - 9.5 Global climate models. - 9.6 Regional climate models. - 9.7 Numerical weather prediction models. - 9.8 Ecosystem models. - 9.9 Summary of model errors. - 10 Arctic paleoclimates. - 10.1 The distant past. - 10.2 Paleoclimate records for the Quaternary. - 10.3 Features of the Quaternary. - 10.4 Rapid climate shifts. - 10.5 Regional aspects of the LGM. - 10.6 Deglaciation. - 10.7 The Holocene. - 11 Recent climate variability, trends and the future. - 11.1 Setting the stage. - 11.2 Summary of observed variability and change. - 11.3 The NAO and AO. - 11.4 The NAO/AO framework: merits and shortcomings. - 11.5 Related multiyear climate variability. - 11.6 The future. - References. - List of selected websites. - Index.

Note: Contents Introduction 1. Isotope hydrology: a historical perspective / P.K. Aggarwal, K. Froehlich, R. Gonfiantini, J.R. Gat ISOTOPIC AND NUCLEAR METHODOLOGIES 2. Isotopic tracers for obtaining hydrologic parameters / H. Moser, W. Rauert 3. Hydrologic process studies using radionuclides produced by cosmic rays / D.Lal 4. Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes / L.L. Gourcy, M. Groening, P.K. Aggarwal 5. Tritium in the hydrologic cycle / R.L. Michel 6. Assessing sources and transformations of sulphate and nitrate in the hydrosphere using isotope techniques / B. Mayer 7. Rare gases / H.H. Loosli, R. Purtschert 8. U and Th series nuclides in natural waters / A. Kaufman 9. Optical isotope ratio measurements in hydrology / E.R.Th. Kerstel, H.A.J. Meijer HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS 10. Some classical concepts of isotope hydrology / J.R. Gat 11. Istotopes in lake studies: a historical perspective / K.Froehlich, R. Gonfiantini, K. Rozanski 12. A review of isotope applications in catchment hydrology / T. Vitvar, P.K. Aggarwal, J.J. McDonnell 13. Contribution of isotopic and nuclear tracers to study of groundwaters / W.M. Edmunds 14. Dating of young groundwater / LN. Plummer 15. Dating of old groundwater - history, potential, limits and future / M.A. Geyh 16. Geotermal systems / Y.K. Kharaka, R.H. Mariner 17. Saline waters / J. Horita HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS 18. Isotopes in atmospheric moisture / K. Rozanski 19. How much climatic information do water isotopes contain? / G. Hoffmann, M. Cuntz, J. Jouzel, M. Werner 20. Stable isotopes through the holocene as recorded in low-latitude, high-altitude ice cores / L.G. Thompson, M.E. Davis 21. Groundwater as an archive of climatic and environmental change / W.M. Edmunds 22. Isotopic palaeolimnology / F. Gasse Appendices A. List of seminal papers on isotope hydrology (the isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen) B. List of papers presented at the 1st IAEA Symposium on Isotope Hydrology (Tokyo, 1963) C. Excerpts from report of 1st IAEA Panel on the Application of Isotope Techniques in Hydrology

Note: Contents Preface Interactions between glaciers and permafrost: an introduction / C. HARRIS & J.B. MURTON Glaciers and Permafrost Glacier-permafrost interaction in Arctic and alpine mountain environments with examples from southern Norway and Svalbard / B. ETZELMÜLLER & J.O. HAGEN Investigating glacier-permafrost relationships in high-mountain areas: historical background, selected examples and research needs / W. HAEBERLI Glacier-permafrost interactions and glaciotectonic landform generation at the margin of the Leverett Glacier, West Greenland / R.I. WALLER & G.W. TUCKWELL The interaction of a surging glacier with a seasonally frozen foreland: Hagafellsjökull-Eystri, Iceland / M.R. BENNETT, D. HUDDART & R.I. WALLER Glacier-permafrost hydrological interconnectivity: Stagnation Glacier, Bylot Island, Canada / B.J. MOORMAN Glacier-rock glacier relationships as climatic indicators during the late Quaternary in the Cordillera Ampato, Western Cordillera of southern Peru / U. DORNBUSCH Proglacial and Ice Marginal Processes Cryological processes implied in Arctic proglacial stream sediment dynamics using principal components analysis and regression / T. D.L. IRVINE-FYNN, B.J. MOORMAN, D. B. SJOGREN, F.S.A. WALTER, I.C. WILLIS, A.J. HODSON, J.L.M. WILLIAMS & P.N. MUMFORD Melt rates at calving termini: a study at Glaciar Leon, Chilean Patagonia / E. HARESIGN & C.R. WARREN Actual paraglacial progradation of the coastal zone in the Kongsfjorden area, western Spitsbergen (Svalbard) / D. MERCIER & D. LAFFLY Permafrost and Frozen Ground Holocene permafrost aggradation in Svalbard / O. HUMLUM Experimental simulation of ice-wedge casting: processes, products and palaeoenvironmental significance / C. HARRIS & J.B. MURTON Late Holocene solifluction history reconstructed using tephrochronology / M.P. KIRKBRIDE & A.J. DUGMORE Index

Note: CONTENTS Contributors Acknowledgements 1. Introduction / Harvey J. Marchant & Fiona J. Scott Systematic Arrangement of Taxa 2. Diatoms / Fiona J. Scott & David P. Thomas 3. Dinoflagellates / Andrew McMinn & Fiona J. Scott 4. Silicoflagellates / Gustaaf M. Hallegraeff 5. Haptophytes: Order Prymnesiales / Harvey J. Marchant & Fiona J. Scott & Andrew T. Davidson 6. Haptophytes: Order Coccolithophorales / Claire S. Findlay, Jeremy R. Young & Fiona J. Scott 7. Chrysophytes / Harvey J. Marchant & Fiona J. Scott 8. Prasinophytes / Harvey J. Marchant 9. Chlorophytes / Fiona J. Scott 10. Cryptophytes / Fiona J. Scott & John van den Hojf 11. Euglenoids / Fiona J. Scott 12. Cyanophytes / Harvey J. Marchant 13. Choanoflagellates / Harvey J. Marchant 14. Ciliates / Wolfgang Petz 15. Protista Incertae Sedis / Fiona J. Scott & Harvey J. Marchant Glossary Bibliography Copyright Permission Index