ALBERT

Note: Contents: Preface. - Summary. - Introduction. - Basis of theory. - Basic equations. - Ice sheets with only accumulation or ablation. - Growing ice sheets which contain only an accumulation zone. - Shrinking ice sheets which contain only an ablation zone. - Comments. - Ice sheet with both accumulation and ablation zones. - Growing ice sheets. - Shrinking ice sheets. - Conclusions. - References.

Note: CONTENTS Preface Page Summary Introduction The problem Previous work Plan of the investigation Conclusions Visual resolution and scintillation Visual resolution and wind, temperature, and surface conditions Visual resolution and height and length of optical path Results Measurements Analysis and discussion Visual resolution and scintillation relationships Scintillation and micrometeorological parameters Index of refraction fluctuations Scintillation and the temperature profile Scintillation and average wind speed Combined effects of wind speed and temperature gradient Scintillation and surface roughness Scintillation power spectra Scintillation and path length References Appendix A: Equipment and procedures Appendix B: Micrometeorological and scintillation data

Note: CONTENTS Test area description Experimental techniques Explosive initiation system Grid lines on snow Grid lines on driving plates The streak camera Synchronization of camera and event Synchronization of flash bulb and event Timing-light generator High-speed framing camera

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Method of investigation Location Pit studies Temperature Hardness Density Stratigraphic measurements Thermal studies Stratigraphic features Grain size Grain shape Crusts Discussion of results Temperature Altitude gradient Latitude gradient Depth-density relationship Depth-load relationship Densification Stratigraphic analysis Facies relationship Climatological aspects 1960 meteorological observations Temperature Wind Barometric pressure Radiation Cloudiness Visibility Thermal studies Summary and conclusions References Appendix A Appendix B

Note: Contents: Preface. - 1. Introduction. - 2. History of Arctic exploration. - 3. The meteorology and climate of the Arctic. - 4. Landforms of the Arctic. - 5. The Arctic Seas. - 6. Arctic flora and fauna. - 7. Native peoples. - 8. Transportation. - 9. Political geography of the Arctic. - 10. Regional description of the Canadian Arctic. - 11. Alaska. - 12. The Soviet Arctic. - 13. Svalbard. - 14. Greenland. - 15. The history of Antarctic exploration. - 16. The Antarctic continent. - 17. Meteorology and climate of the Antarctic. - 18. The Antarctic Seas. - 19. The sub-Antarctic islands. - Index.

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Definitions Computation Results

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Previous work Experimental methods Experimental results Series A Series B Series C Series D Series E Discussion Conclusions References Appendix A

Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Предисловие Предисловие к английскому изданию Введение ШПИЦБЕРГЕН Схема структурной истории Шпицбергена / В. Б. Харланд ГРЕНЛАНДИЯ Обзор геологии северной и восточной Гренландии Докембрийские и нижнепалеозойские структурные элементы и осадконакопление в северной и восточной Гренландии / Л. Кох Каролиниды: орогенический пояс позднедокембрийского возраста в северо-восточной Гренландии / Дж. Халлер Нижний палеозой Гренландии / Дж. Коуи Значение каледонской орогении в Гренландии / Дж. Халлер Девонские отложения центральной части восточной Гренландии / Х. Бютлер Континентальные иаменноугольные и нижнепермские отложения центральной части восточной Гренландии / Х. Бютлер Пермь Гренландии / В. Майнц Триас восточной Гренландии / Р. Трюмпи Юрские отложения восточной Гренландии / Дж. Х. Калломон Меловые отложения восточной Гренландии / Д. Т. Донован Третичные отложения Гренландии / Э. Венк Стратиграфия позднего докембрия восточной Гренландии / Х. Р. Кац О хронологии докембрия западной Гренландии / А. Бертельсен КАНАДА Структурная истории Канадского арктического архипелага с докембрийского времени / Р. Topcтeйнccoн, Е. T. Тозер Общий обзор геологии докембрии арктической части Канады / Р. Г. Блакадар, Дж. А. Фрейзер Стратиграфия нижнего палеозоя Канадского арктического архипелага / Р. Торетейнссон Общий очерк стратиграфии мезозойских и третичных отложений Канадского арктического архипелага / Е. T. Тозер Соотношение дислокаций складчатого пояса островов Парри и корнуоллисских складчатых структур на востоке острова Батерст Канадского арктического архипелага / Э. Н. Мак-Нейр Геологическая интерпретация аэромагнитных профилей, проведенных через Канадский арктический архипелаг / А. Ф. Грегори, М. Е. Бауэр, Л. В. Морлей Тектоническое строение северной Канады / Л. Дж. Мартин Каледонские или акадийские граниты северной части территории Юкон / Х. Бадегард, Р. И. Фолинеби, Дж. Липсон Стратиграфия девона района среднего течения реки Макензи, Северо-Западные территории, Канада / Х. Г. Бacceт Стратиграфия девонских отложений района Нориан-Уэлс / Т. Cтopu АЛЯСКА Изучение тектоники Аляски / Г. Грик Корреляция палеозойских пород Аляски / Дж. Т. Дутромл Новые данные о распространении верхнетретичных континентальных отложений на Аляске и в северо-западной Канаде / В. С. Бениннгхоф, Г. В. Холмс, Д. М. Гопкинс АРКТИЧЕСКИЙ БАССЕЙН Истории геологических знаний о происхождении Арктинеского бассейна / А. Дж. Ирдли Срединно-океанический хребет и его продолжение через Арктический бассейн / Б. К. Хейзен, М. Юииг Продолжение горных цепей в Арктике в прошлом / Дж. T. Вилъсон Сейсмическое исследование дна Арктического океана / К. Ханкинс Гальки, поднятые при драгировании в центральной части Северного Ледовитого океана / В. Шварцахер, К. Ханкинс Батиметрия моря Бофорта / А. Дж. Kapcoла, Р. Л. Фишер, К. Дж. Шипек, Г. Шамвей Предварительные результаты исследований арктической дрейфующей станции Чарли / В. Дж. Кроми Геофизические исследования на дрейфующей станции МГГ Браво, Т-3, 1958-1959 гr. / Д. Плоуфф, Г. В. Келлер, Ф. Ц, Фришкнехт, Р. Р. Уол Морские геологические наблюдения в Баренцовом море / Х. Игнатиус Морская геология и батиметрия шельфа Чукотского моря в районе Оготорук-Крик, северо-западная Аляска / Д. В. Схолл, К. Л. Сайнсбери Геоморфология Арктического бассейна / Р. Дитц, Дж. Шамвей Предметный указатель Указатель географических названий , Translation of Content Preface Preface to the English edition Introduction SPITSBERGEN Scheme of the structural history of Spitsbergen / W. B. Harland GREENLAND Review of the geology of northern and eastern Greenland Precambrian and Lower Paleozoic structural elements and sedimentation in northern and eastern Greenland / L. Koch Carolinids: Late Precambrian orogenic belt in northeastern Greenland / J. Haller Lower Paleozoic of Greenland / J. Cowie The significance of the Caledonian orogeny in Greenland / J. Haller Devonian deposits of the central part of eastern Greenland / H. Bütler Continental Carboniferous and Lower Permian deposits of the central part of eastern Greenland / H. Bütler Perm Greenland / V. Mainz Triassic of eastern Greenland / R. Trumpy Jurassic deposits of eastern Greenland / J. H. Callomon Cretaceous deposits of eastern Greenland / D. T. Donovan Tertiary deposits of Greenland / E. Wenk Late Precambrian stratigraphy of eastern Greenland / H. R. Katz On the chronology of the Precambrian of western Greenland / A. Bertelsen CANADA Structural history of the Canadian Arctic archipelago since Precambrian time / R. Topsteinson, E. T. Tozer General overview of the Precambrian geology of the Canadian Arctic / R. G. Blakadar, J. A. Fraser Stratigraphy of the Lower Paleozoic of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago / R. Thoreteinsson General outline of the stratigraphy of Mesozoic and Tertiary deposits of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago / E. T. Tozer The relationship between the dislocations of the Parry Islands fold belt and the Cornwallis fold structures in the east of Bathurst Island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago / E. N. McNair Geological interpretation of aeromagnetic profiles drawn through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago / A. F. Gregory, M. E. Bauer, L. V. Morley Tectonic structure of northern Canada / L. J. Martin Caledonian or Acadian granites of the northern Yukon Territory / H. Badegard, R. I. Folineby, J. Lipson Devonian stratigraphy of the middle Mackenzie River region, Northwest Territories, Canada / H. G. Basset Stratigraphy of Devonian deposits of the Norian-Wells region / T. Stopu ALASKA Study of Alaska tectonics / G. Grik Correlation of Paleozoic Rocks of Alaska / J. T. Dutroml New data on the distribution of Upper Tertiary continental sediments in Alaska and northwestern Canada / V. S. Beninghof, G. W. Holmes, D. M. Hopkins ARCTIC POOL Stories of geological knowledge about the origin of the Arctic Basin / A. J. Eardley Mid-ocean ridge and its continuation through the Arctic basin / B. K. Hazen, M. Huig The continuation of mountain ranges in the Arctic in the past / J. T. Wilson Seismic exploration of the Arctic ocean floor / K. Hankins Pebbles raised during dredging in the central part of the Arctic Ocean / V. Schwarzacher, K. Hankins Bathymetry of the Beaufort Sea / A. J. Kapcola, R. L. Fisher, K. J. Shipek, G. Shumway Preliminary results of studies of the Arctic drifting station Charlie / W. J. Cromie Geophysical research at the drifting station MGG Bravo, T-3, 1958-1959. / D. Plouffe, G. W. Keller, F. Z, Frischknecht, R. R. Wahl Marine geological observations in the Barents Sea / H. Ignatius Marine geology and bathymetry of the Chukchi Sea shelf in the Ogotoruk Creek area, northwestern Alaska / D. W. Scholl, K. L. Sainsbury Geomorphology of the Arctic Basin / R. Dietz, J. Shumway Subject index Index of geographical names , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Contents: Preface. - Introduction. - I. THE EQUATIONS OF HYDROTHERMODYNAMICS OF THE BOUNDARY LAYERS; ANALYSIS OF THESE EQUATIONS. - § 1. Derivation of the Equations for the Averaged Quantities. - § 2. The Relation Between Fluctuations of the Meteorological Elements and the Averaged Characteristics. Currents of Various Substances Due to Turbulence. - § 3. Some Problems of Turbulence Dynamics. The Reynolds Number. The Richardson Number § 4. Classification of Motions. Estimation of the Thickness of the Planetary Boundary Layer. The Surface Sublayer. - II. THE BOUNDARY LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE IN STATIONARY CONDITIONS. - § 1. Some Information on the Distribution of the Meteorological Elements in the Boundary Layer. - § 2. External Factors Determining the Structure of the Boundary Layer of the Atmosphere. - § 3. A Boundary Layer Model with Height-Independent Turbulence Coefficient (One-Parameter Model). - § 4. The Structure of the Surface Sublayer. - § 5. Calculation of the Basic Characteristics of the Surface Sublayer. - § 6. Two-Parameter Model of the Boundary Layer of the Atmosphere. - § 7. Some Information on the Processes at the Active Surface and in the Upper Layers of the Ground Influencing the Boundary Layer. - III. DAILY VARIATION OF THE METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS. - § 1. The Simplest Model for the Daily Temperature Variation. Features of the Daily Temperature Variation Over Water. - § 2. Daily Temperature Variations for Turbulent Mixing Intensity Growing with Height. - § 3. An Account of the Time Variations of the Eddy Exchange in the Theory of the Daily Temperature Variations. - § 4. The Influence of the Radiative Heat Influx on the Daily Temperature Variation. - § 5. Nocturnal Lowering of the Temperature. Forecasting of Radiation Frosts. - § 6. Daily Humidity Variations. Radiation Fogs. - § 7. Daily Variations of Wind Velocity. - IV. VARIATIONS OF METEOROLOGICAL FIELDS DUE TO THE INHOMOGENEITY OF THE ACTIVE SURFACE. - § 1. Qualitative Analysis of the Transformation Process. - § 2. Variations of the Temperature and Humidity Fields Over an Inhomogeneous Underlying Surface. - § 3. Formation of Advection Fogs. - § 4. Variations of the Micrometeorological Regime in Irrigation, Irrigation Standards for Various Meteorological Conditions. - § 5. Influence of Small Reservoirs on the Structure of the Lower Layers of the Atmosphere. - § 6. Nonstationary Processes Over An Inhomogeneous Underlying Surface. - § 7. Local Winds. - V. PHENOMENA AND PROCESSES OF A SPECIAL NATURE RELATED TO THE METEOROLOGICAL REGIME OF THE BOUNDARY LAYER. - §1. Wind Drift of Ice Floes. - § 2. Applications of the Laws of the Boundary Layer of the Atmosphere to Problems of Construction and Power Engineering. - § 3. Freezing of the Upper Layer of the Ground. - § 4. Pollution of the Lower Layers of the Atmosphere by Smoke From Factory Chimneys. - § 5. Some Features of the Electrostatic Field in the Surface Layer of the Atmosphere. , Transl. from Russian

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Theory Apparatus and experimental procedure Results and discussion References Appendix A: Sample calculations of a and ke

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Experimental procedure Experimental results Conclusions and recommendations References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Description of the lake Cli rna te of the lake Methods of study Ice textures Crystal size Ice structures Crystal fabric studies Growth of an ice sheet References Appendix A: Weather data Appendix B: Sample data

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary ­Introduction Sample preparation Sample homogeneity Distribution of samples Analysis Conclusions and suggested standardization References

Note: Kartenbeilage unter dem Titel: Tektoničeskaja Karta : Central'nogo sektora Sovetskoj Arktiki 〈1: 5 000 000〉 , CONTENTS Foreward Tectonics of Siberian Platform and Its Borderland Bounding Structures of Siberian Platform / Yu. A. Kosygin, I. V. Luchitski History of Development of Structure of North-Western Part of Siberian Platform / Ya. I. Polkin Tectonic Structure of Western Part of Siberian Platform / N. V. Drenov To the Problem of Structure of Pre-Yenisei Marginal Part of Siberian Platform / A. S. Kirillov History of Tectonic Development of South-Western Part of Siberian Platform and Rybinsk Depression / M. A. Zharkov On Peculiarities of Tectonics of Rydinsk Depression / A. I. Anatoljeva Some Relations of Siberian Platform with Its Borderlands / D. I. Musatov Tectonics of Yenisei Ridge / G. I. Kirichenko Structural-Facial Zones of Riphean and Lower Cambrian of Yenisey Ridge and North-Western Part of Eastern Sayan / M. A. Semikhatov On Tectonics of Southern Part of Yenisei Ridge / Yu. Parfenov Tectonics of Bakhta and Ucham River Basin / N. S. Malich On Mechanism of Horst-Formation in Tungussk Syneclise / L. M. PIotnikov On Forms of Structural Connections of Siberian Platform and West-Siberian Plate / K. V. Bogolepov Structure of Basement of Eastern Margin of West-Siberian Plate in Connection with Its General Tectonic Zoning / V. N. SoboIevskaya Structure of Folded Basement of Minusa Intermontane Downwarp and South-Eastern Part of West-Siberian Plate by Geophysical Data / V. S. Surkov Some New Information on Structures of Cretaceous the Eastern Margin of West-Siberian Plate / Yu. F. Pogonya-Stefanovich Tectonics of Sayano-Altai Folded Region Main Principles of Tectonic Classification of Depressions and Downwarps of Orogenic Stage of Development of Eastern Part of Sayano-Altai Region / B. N. Krasilnikov, G. M. Volontey Some Peculiarities of Deep Fractures on the Example of Folded Regions on the South of Krasnoyarsk Territory / D. I. Musatov Principal Features of Tectonics and History of Geologic Development of Eastern Sayan / A. L. Dodin On Tectonic Zonation of Eastern Sayan / V. B. Lyatski Main Features of Tectonics of Eastern Part of Eastern Sayan / O. P. AIexeyeva, V. D. Titov Some Problems of Tectonics of North-Western Part of Eastern Sayan / K. V. Radugin Tectonics of Proterozoic Era of East-Sayan (Derbinsk) Anticlinorium / A. A. SaveIyev Tectonics of Pre-Cambrian Blocks of Eastern Sayan and Khamar-Daban and Their Absolute Age / V. Ya. Khiltova, L. P . Nikitina, I. P. Buzikov, N. A. Avdontsev Main Features of Tectonics of Near-Sayan Structural-Facial Zone / P. I. Shames Problems of Tectonic Development of South-Western Part of Eastern Sayan and Adjacent Regions of Minusa Depressions / E. A. Shneider, B. P. Zubkus Tectonics of Minusa Depressions and of Their Basement / A. A. Mossakovski Some Features of Structure and Development of Western Sayan / L. P. Zonenshain On «Butt-End» (T-form) Conjugation of Structures of Western Sayan, Western Tuva and Mountain Altai / A. M. Borovikov Some Features of Tectonic Development of Territory of Tuva during Late Cambrian and Lower Paleozoic / G. A. Kudryavtsev Main Types of Development of Large Structures of Tuva Intermontane Downwarp / G. M. Volontey Tectonics of Central Sector of Soviet Arctic Tectonic Map of the North of Siberia at the Scale of 1:2 500 000 / I. P. Atlasov The Map of Neotectonics of the North of Siberia at the Scale of 1:2 500 000 / M. T. Kiryushina Tectono-Magmatic Stages of Development of Taimyr-Severnaya Zemlya Folded Region and Connection of Commercial Minerals with them / V. A. Vakar, B. Kh. Egiazarov Pre-Cambrian Basement of Taimyr and Its Deformation during Formation of Folded Region / Yu. E. Pogrebitski Tectonics and Metallogeny On Principles of Tectonic Zoning on the Example of Southern Regions of Krasnoyarsk Territory (in Connection with Problems of Metallogeny) / V. V. Bogatski On Structural-Metallogenic Zoning of Eastern Siberia and the North-East of USSR / S. V. Levchenko Tectonic Control of Trappean Ore-Bearing Intrusions of North-Western Part of Siberian Platform / A. M. ViIenski, G. I. Kavardin Tectonics of Igarka-Norilsk Region and Ore-Controling Structures / G. D. MasIov Laws Governing Localization of Ore Deposits in Norilsk-Igarka Region / V. N. Egorov Internal Structure of Early Caledonian Downwarp of Northern Part of West Sayan and Peculiarities of Its Magmatism / Sh. D. Kurtseraite Index of Regional Tectonic Nomendature Summary , СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Предисловие Тектоника Сибирской платформы и структуры ее обрамления Структуры ограничения Сибирской платформы / Ю. А. Косыгин, И. В. Лучицкий История развития структуры северо-западной: части Сибирской платформы / Я. И. Полькин Тектоническое строение западной части Сибирской платформы / Н. В. Дренов К вопросу о структуре приенисейской окраины Сибирской платформы / А. С. Кириллов История тектонического развития юго-западной части Сибирской платформы и Рыбинской впадины / М. А. Жарков Об особенностях тектоники Рыбинской впадины / А. И. Анатольева Некоторые вопросы соотношения Сибирской платформы с ее обрамлением / Д. И. Мусатов Тектоника Енисейского кряжа / Г. И. Кириченко Структурно-фациальные зоны рифея и нижнего кембрия Енисейского кряжа и северо -западной части Восточного Саяна / М А. Семихатов О тектонике южной части Енисейского кряжа / Ю. И. Парфенов Тектоника бассейна рек Бахты и Учами / Н. С. Малич О механизме горстообразования в Тунгусской синеклизе / Л. М. Плотников О формах структурной связи Сибирской платформы и Западно-Сибирской плиты / К. В. Боголепов Строение фундамента восточной окраины Западно-Сибирской плиты в связи с ее общим тектоническим районированием / В. Н. Соболевская Строение складчатого фундамента Минусинского межгорного прогиба и юго-восточной части Западно-Сибирской плиты по геофизическим данным / В. С. Сурков Некоторые новые данные по структурам мела на восточной окраине Западно-Сибирской плиты / Ю. Ф. Погоня-Стефанович Тектоника Саяио-Алтайской складчатой области Основные принципы тектонической классификации впадин и прогибов орогенного этапа развития восточной части Саяно-Алтайской области / В. Н. Красильников, Г. М . Волонтэй Некоторые особенности глубинных разломов на примере складчатых областей юга Красноярского края / Д. И. Мусатов Основные черты тектоники и истории геологического развития Восточного Саяна / А. Л. Додин К тектоническому районированию Восточного Саяна / В. Б. Ляцкий Основные черты тектоники восточной части Восточного Саяна / О. П. Алексеева, Д. В. Титов Некоторые вопросы тектоники северо-западной части Восточного Саяна / R. В. Радугин Тектоника протерозоя Восточно-Саянского (Дербинского) антиклинория / А. А. Савельев Тектоника докембрийских глыб Восточного Саяна и Хамар-Дабана и их абсолютный возраст / В. Я. Хильтова, Л. П. Никитина, И. П. Бузиков, Н. А. Авдонцев Основные черты тектоники Присаянской структурно-фациальной зоны / И. П. Шамес Вопросы тектонического развития юго-западной части Восточного Саяна и прилегающих районов Минусинских впадин / Е. А. Шнейдер, Б. П. 3убкус Тектоника Минусинских впадин и их фундамента / А. А. Моссаковский Некоторые черты структуры развития Западного Саяна / Л. П. Зоненшайн О торцовом сопряжении структур Западного Саяна, Западной Тувы и Горного Алтая / А. М. Боровиков Некоторые черты тектонического развития территории Тувы в позднем докембрии и нижнем палеозое / Г. А. Кудрявцев Основные типы развития крупных структур Тувинского межгорного прогиба / Г. М. Волонтэй Тектоника центрального сектора Советской Арктики Тектоническая карта севера Сибири масштаба 1:2 500 000 / И. П. Атласов Карта новейшей тектоники севера Сибири масштаба 1:2 500 000 / М. Т. Кирюшина Тектоно-магматические этапы развития Таймыро-Североземельской складчатой области и связь с ними полезных ископаемых / В. А. Вакар, Б. Х. Егиазаров Докембрийский фундамент Таймыра и его деформации в период образования снладчатой области / Ю. Е. Погребицкий Тектоника н металлоrения О принципах тектонического районирования на примере южных районов Красноярского края (в связи с проблемами металлогении) / В. В. Богацкий О структурно-металлогеническом районировании Восточной Сибири и Северо-Востока СССР / С. В. Левченко Тектонический контроль трапповых рудоносных интрузий северо-западной части Сибирской платформы / А. М. Виленский, Г. И. Кавардин Тектоника Игарско-Норильского района и рудоконтролирующие структуры / Г. Д. Маслов Закономерности размещения рудных месторождений в Норильско-Игарском районе / В. Н. Егоров Внутренняя структура раннекаледонского прогиба северной части Западного Саяна и особенности его магматизма / Ш. Д. Курцерайте Указатель региональных тектонических терминов Краткое содержание сборника Резюме , In kyrillischer Schrift , In russischer Sprache mit englischer Zusammenfassung

Note: CONTENTS: THE COMPOSITION OF SEA-WATER. - SECTION I. CHEMISTRY. - 1. THE OCEANS AS A CHEMICAL SYSTEM / BY E. D. GOLDBERG. - 1. The composition of sea-water. - 2. Reactivities of the elements. - 3. Chemical reaction in the oceans and the compositions of the end-products. - 4. Space and time distributions of the elements. - 2. THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANISMS ON THE COMPOSITION OF SEAWATER / BY A. C. REDFIELD, B. H. KETCHUM AND F. A. RICHARDS. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The biochemical cycle. - 3. The biochemical circulation. - 3. ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVITY IN THE SEA / BY Y. MIYAKE. - 1. Artificial radioactivity in oceanic waters. - 2. Enrichment of radioactive substances in marine products. - 3. Artificial radioactivity as a tracer of water movements in the ocean. - 4. Disposal of radioactive waste in the ocean. - 4. RADIOISOTOPES AND LARGE-SCALE OCEANIC MIXING / W. BROECKER. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Useful isotopes. - 3. Steady-state distribution of 14C. - 4. Ocean-atmosphere CO2 exchange rates. - 5. Oceanic mixing models. - 6. Industrial CO2 effect. - 7. 226Ra distribution. - 8. 90Sr distribution. - 9. Non-steady-state conditions. - 10. Conclusion. - 5. CHEMICAL INSTRUMENTATION / BY D. E. CARRITT. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Chlorinity, salinity, density and related properties. - 3. Water tagging and tracer techniques. - 4. Measurement of dissolved gases. - 6. WATER SAMPLING AND THERMOMETERS / BY H. F. P. HERDMAN. - 1. Sampling. - 2. Thermometry. - SECTION II. FERTILITY OF THE OCEANS. - 7. PRODUCTIVITY, DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT / BY E. STEEMANN NIELSEN. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Definitions. - 3. Methods for measuring primary production. - 4. The relation between the rate of gross production and net production below a surface unit. - 5. Transparency of the water versus organic production. - 6. The significance of single individual measurements of primary production. - 7. The influence of weather conditions. - 8. ORGANIC REGULATION OF PHYTOPLANKTON FERTILITY / BY L. PROVASOLI. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Data from chemical analysis. - 3. Organic products of algae and bacteria. - 4. Nutritional requirements of marine algae. - 5. Crustacea and organic solutes. - 6. Data from biological analysis of sea-water. - 7. Prospects. - 8. Addendum. - 9. BIOASSAY OF TRACE SUBSTANCES / BY W. L. BELSER. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Vitamins. - 3. Amino acids. - 4. Purines and pyrimidines. - 5. Perspectives. - COMPARATIVE AND DESCRIPTIVE OCEANOGRAPHY. - SECTION III. CURRENTS. - 10. EQUATORIAL CURRENT SYSTEMS / BY J. A. KNAUSS. - 1. Methods of study of ocean currents. - 2. Gross circulation pattern. - 3. A two-layer ocean - the thermocline. - 4. Zonal fiow-geostrophic currents. - 5. Meridional flow-upwelling. - 6. Conclusions and speculations. - 11. EASTERN BOUNDARY CURRENTS / BY W. S. WOOSTER AND J. L. REID, JR. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Common features of eastern boundary currents. - 3. Coastal upwelling. -4. Poleward eastern boundary currents. - 5. Biological implications. - 12. THE SOUTHERN OCEAN / BY G. E. R. DEACON. - 1. Topography. - 2. Oceanographic data. - 3. Wind zones. - 4. The water-masses. - 5. Climatology and zoogeography. - 6. Nutrient salts. - 7. Future needs. - 13. DEEP-CURRENT MEASUREMENTS USING NEUTRALLY BUOYANT FLOATS / BY G. H. VOLKMANN. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The pinger. - 3. Measurements. - 14. DROGUES AND NEUTRAL-BUOYANT FLOATS / BY J. A. KNAUSS. - 15. ESTUARIES / BY W. M. CAMERON AND D. W. PRITCHARD. - 1. Definition of estuaries. - 2. General considerations. - 3. Estuarine circulation patterns. - 4. Some variations on the estuarine sequence. - 5. Flushing in estuaries. - 6. Dynamics of estuaries. - 7. Kinematic description of the distribution of properties in an estuary. - 16. APPLICATIONS OF THE GYROPENDULUM / BY W. S. VON ARX. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The gyropendulum. - 3. The problem of time variations. - SECTION IV. BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY. - 17. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATIONS IN.PRODUCTIVITY / BY J. H. RYTHER. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Incident radiation. - 3. Transparency. - 4. Nutrients. - 5. Latitudinal variations in the stability of surface water. - 6. Productivity of the major oceanic regions. - 7. Hydrodynamic features which influence productivity. - 8. Plankton production in coastal and inshore waters. - 9. Production of benthic plant communities. - 18. BIOLOGICAL SPECIES, WATER-MASSES AND CRRRENTS / BY M. W. JOHNSON AND E. BRINTON. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Water-masses and biological species. - 3. Water currents and biological species. - 19. COMMUNITIES OF ORGANISMS / BY E. W. FAGER. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Definition of community. - 3. Identification of communities. - 4. Community structure. - 5. Community function. - 6. Community theory. - 20. THEORY OF FOOD-CHAIN RELATIONS IN THE OCEAN / BY G. A. RILEY. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Mathematical models of plankton populations. - 3. Complex versus simple models. - 4. Prognosis for mathematical models. - 5. Higher elements of the food chain. - 21. FISHERY DYNAMICS - THEIR ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION / BY M. B. SCHAEFER AND R. J. H. BEVERTON. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The Beverton-Holt approach. - 3. The Schaefer approach. - 4. Concluding remarks. - SECTION V. OCEANOGRAPHICAL MISCELLANEA. - 22. SEASONAL CHANGES IN SEA-LEVEL / BY JUNE G. PATTULLO. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The observed seasonal variations. - 3. Factors influencing variations in sea-level. - 4. Summary. - 5. Conclusions. - 23. BATHYSCAPHS AND OTHER DEEP SUBMERSIBLES FOR OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH / BY R. S. DIETZ. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Diving chambers. - 3. Bathyscaphs. - 4. Diving saucer. - 5. Buoyant-hulled deep ships or bathynauts. - 6. Deep-research vessel (D.R.V.). - 7. Remote underwater manipulator (RUM). - 8. Concluding remarks. - 24. DEEP-SEA ANCHORING AND MOORING / BY JOHN D. ISAACS. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Historical background. - 3. Problems of taut-mooring. - 4. Remarks on components of moorings. - 5. Mooring cables. - 6. The anchors. - 7. Fittings. - 8. Performance. - AUTHOR INDEX. - SUBJECT INDEX.

Note: CONTENTS: SECTION I. GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION. - 1. ELEMENTARY THEORY OF SEISMIC REFRACTION AND REFLECTION MEASUREMENTS / BY J. I. EWING. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Reflected waves. - 3. Refracted waves. - 4. Computation of layer velocities and thicknesses. - 5. Shear waves and complex refracted waves. - 6. Some complications and deviations from simple theory. - 2. REFRACTION AND REFLECTION TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURE / BY G.G. SHOR, JR. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Shooting techniques. - 3. Receiving techniques. - 4. Plan of operations. - 5. Miscellaneous variations. - 6. Reflection methods. - 3. SINGLE-SHIP SEISMIC REFRACTION SHOOTING / BY M. N. HILL. - 1. Introduction. - 2 . Instrumentation. - 3. Operation. - 4 . CONTINUOUS REFLECTION PROFILING / BY J. B. HERSEY. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Design. - 3. Operations at sea. - 4. Results. - 5. Interpretations. - 6. Geophysical measurements. - 7. Concluding remarks. - 5. THE UNCONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTS / BY J. I. EWING AND J. E. NAFE. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Evidence for gradients and low-velocity sediments. - 3. Variable angle reflections. - 4. Normal-incidence reflections. - 5. Summary. - 6. THE CRUSTAL ROCKS / BY R. W. RAITT. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Layer 2. - 3. Layer 3. - 4. Average oceanic crust. - 7. THE MANTLE ROCKS / BY J. I. EWING. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Compressional-wave measurements. - 3. Shear-wave measurements. - 4. Summary. - 8. EXPLORATION OF SUB-OCEANIC STRUCTURE BY THE USE OF SEISMIC SURFACE WAVES / BY J. OLIVER AND J. DORMAN. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The general nature of seismic surface waves. - 3. Evidence from mantle surface waves. - 4. Evidence from crustal surface waves. - 5. Evidence from short-period surface waves. - 9. GRAVITY AT SEA / BY J. LAMAR WORZEL AND J. C. HARRISON. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Methods and theory. - 3. Gravity observations and geological interpretations. - 10. THE MAGNETIC FIELD OVER THE OCEANS / BY E. C. BULLARD AND R. G. MASON. - 1. Historical. - 2. Measurement of the magnetic field at sea. - 3. General features of the field. - 4. Reduction of magnetic observations. - 5. The magnetic properties of submarine rocks. - 6. The magnetic surveys of the north-east Pacific. - 7. The continental shelves. - 8. Seamounts and mid-ocean ridges. - 9. The deep trenches. - 11 . THE FLOW OF HEAT THROUGH THE FLOOR OF THE OCEAN / BY E. C. BULLARD. - 1. Method. - 2. The temperature probe. - 3. The thermal properties of sediments. - 4. The results of heat-flow measurements. - 5. Future work. - SECTION II . TOPOGRAPHY AND STRUCTURE. - 12. TOPOGRAPHY OF THE DEEP-SEA FLOOR / BY BRUCE C. HEEZEN AND H. W. MENARD. - 1 . Introduction. - 2 . Outline of submarine topography. - 3. Summary of submarine topographic forms. - 13. CONTINENTAL SHELF AND SLOPE (CONTINENTAL MARGIN) / BY A. GUILCHER. - 1. Definitions. - 2. Topography of the continental shelf. - 3. Topography of the continental slope. - 4. Structure and origins of the continental margins. - 5. Conclusion. - 14. ABYSSAL PLAINS / BY BRUCE C. HEEZEN AND A. S. LAUGHTON. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Regional description. - 3. Trench abyssal plains. - 4. Archipelagic plains. - 5. Abyssal gaps, interplain channels, mid-ocean canyons and deep-sea channels. - 6. Sediments on the abyssal plains. - 7. Geophysical characteristics. - 8. Theories of the origin of the abyssal plains. - 15. OCEANIC ISLANDS, SEAMOUNTS, GUYOTS AND ATOLLS / BY H. W. MENARD AND H. S. LADD. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Oceanic islands. - 3. Seamounts. - 4. Guyots. - 5. Atolls. - 6. Submerged atolls. - 7. Oceanic volcanoes in geological time. - 8. Importance of islands and seamounts. - 16. THE MID-OCEANIC RIDGE / BY BRUCE C. HEEZEN AND MAURICE EWING. - 1. Introduction. - 2. North Atlantic. - 3. South Atlantic. - 4. Indian Ocean. - 5. Indian and South Pacific Oceans. - 6. Iceland and the Norwegian Sea. - 7. Arctic Basin. - 8. Crustal structure. - 9. Origin. - 17. TRENCHES / BY R. L. FISHER AND H. H. HESS. - 1. Previous work. - 2. Topography of trenches. - 3. Structure of trenches. - 18. MICROTOPOGRAPHY / BY A. S. LAUGHTON. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Classification of microtopographic features. - 19. UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAPHY / BY H. E. EDGERTON. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Camera details. - 3. Cables and winches for cameras. - 20. SUBMARINE CANYONS / BY F. P. SHEPARD. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Classification of submarine valleys. - 3. Canyon descriptions. - 4. East coast U.S. (New England type) canyons. - 5. Trough-shaped valleys. - 6. Delta foreset-slope gullies. - 7. Shallow straight-walled valleys of submarine escarpments. - 8. Origin of submarine canyons. - 9. Subaerial erosion. - 10. Pleistocene canyon cutting by turbidity currents. - SECTION III. SEDIMENTATION. - 21. BEACH AND NEARSHORE PROCESSES. - PART I. MECHANICS OF MARINE SEDIMENTATION / BY R. A. BAGNOLD. - 1. Definition, origin and relevant physical properties. - 2. Transport during fall through the sea. - 3. Transport of sediment over the sea bed. - 4. Transport rate and fluid "power". - 5. Auto-suspension of sediment: turbidity currents , etc. - 6. Wave drift. - 7. Threshold of bed disturbance by fluid action. - PART II. LITTORAL PROCESSES / BY D. L. INMAN AND R. A. BAGNOLD. - 8. Introduction. - 9. Littoral profile: two-dimensional case. - 10. Migration of sand grains by wave action. - 11. Littoral processes: three-dimensional case. - 12. Discussion. - 22. SHALLOW-WATER CARBONATE SEDIMENTS / BY R. N. GINSBURG, R. MICHAEL LLOYD, K. W. STOCKMAN AND J. S. MCCALLUM. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Types of skeletal particles. - 3. Skeletal particles in sediments. - 4. Distribution of skeletal particles. - 5. Discussion of the distribution of skeletal particles. - 6. Non-skeletal particles. - 7. Distribution of non-skeletal particles. - 23. BASIN SEDIMENTATION AND DIAGENESIS / BY I. R. KAPLAN AND S. C. RITTENBERG. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Physical aspects of sedimentation. - 3. Diagenesis in sediments. - 4. Isotopic studies related to biological processes in sediments. - 5. Special problems. - 24. ESTUARIES, DELTAS, SHELF, SLOPE / BY A. GUILCHER. - 1. Estuaries, tidal marshes and flats, and deltas. - 2. Continental shelf. - 3. Continental slope. - 25. PELAGIC SEDIMENTS / BY G. ARRHENIUS. - 1. Concept of pelagic sedimentation. - 2. Composition. - 3. Productivity control of pelagic sedimentation. - 4. Physical stratification. - 5. Topographic and tectonic control of sedimentation. - 26. CLAY-MINERAL DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN / BY J. J. GRIFFIN AND E. D. GOLDBERG. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The clay minerals. - 3. Surface distribution of clay minerals. - 4. Vertical distribution. - 5. Summary. - 27. TURBIDITY CURRENTS / BY BRUCE C. HEEZEN. - 1. Early views. - 2. Full-scale experiment. - 3. Alternative explanations. - 4. Physiographic evidence. - 5. Sediments. - 6. Requirements of turbidity currents. - 7. Tectonic significance of turbidity currents. - 8. Biological significance of turbidity currents. - 9. Other processes of deep-sea erosion and transportation. - 10. Conclusion. - 28. ORGANIC TRANSPORTATION OF MARINE SEDIMENTS / BY K. O. EMERY. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Kelp. - 3. Driftwood . - 4. Sea mammals. - 5. Fishes. - 6. Birds. - 7. Invertebrates. - 8. Comparison with inorganic transporting agents. - 9. Criteria for recognition of rafting agent. - 29. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MARINE SEDIMENTS / BY J. E. NAFE AND C. L. DRAKE. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Relationships among observables. - 3. Methods of measurement. - 4. Summary of results. - 5. Conclusions. - 30. AGE DETERMINATION IN SEDIMENTS BY NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY / BY F. F. KOCZY. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Theoretical considerations. - 3. Geochemical considerations. - 4. Practical methods of age determination. - 5. Rate of sedimentation. - 31. CROSS-CORRELATION OF DEEP-SEA SEDIMENT CORES AND DETERMINATION OF RELATIVE RATES OF SEDIMENTATION BY MICRO-PALEONTOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES / BY D. B. ERICSON. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Methods of correlation. - 3. Time-equivalence of the faunal zones. - 4. Some example

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Experimental facilities Experimental in-place measurements Density and homogeneity of processed snow Ram hardness Temperature measurements Mechanical properties Unconfined compressive strength Stress-strain relationships in unconfined compress ion Creep in unconfined compression Tensile strength Discussion of results References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Method Design and operation of the impactor Collection efficiency Computation from theoretical values of Langmuir and Blodgett Empirical values Observations and results Fog on the ice cap Sea fog near Thule Discussion Conclusions References

Note: CONTENTS: Preface. - Summary. - Chapter I. Introduction. - Operations and logistics. - Chapter II. Methods of investigation. - Region of investigation. - Pit studies. - Elevation measurements. - Chapter Ill. Stratigraphy and accumulation. - Introduction. - Diagenesis without melt. - Diagenesis with melt. - Diagenetic facies defined on glaciers. - Grain size. - Description of three stratigraphic features. - Principles of stratigraphic interpretation. - Selection of a reference datum in the annual stratigraphic sequence. - Stratigraphic correlation. - Distribution of annual accumulation. - Independent checks on the stratigraphic interpretations. - Chapter IV. Temperature distribution. - Seasonal temperature variation on the snow surface. - Seasonal temperature variation below the snow surface. - Distribution of mean annual temperature on the ice sheet. - Chapter V. Diagenetic facies- a classification of glaciers. - Temperature. - Hardness. - Density. - Glacier facies - a classification of glaciers. - Chapter VI. Densification of snow and firn. - Load-volume relationship. - Depth-density relationship. - Chapter VII. Climatological implications. - Introduction. - Katabatic winds and accumulation. - Annual heat exchange. - The balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet. - References. - Appendix A: Stratigraphy, meteorology and glaciology. - Appendix B: Mean annual temperature. - Appendix C: The data sheets.

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Comments on the shear hypothesis Appearance of the debris layers The possibility of cold ice scraping up debris The shear across a debris layer The geometry of the debris layers Freezing model Theory Discussion Conclusion References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Standard methods of data presentation- A class interval method of data presentation Interpretation of the numerical data Interpretation of thin sections Conclusions References Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Theoretical background Test method and equipment Test operations Effectiveness of the air well Estimation of fan capacity Natural cooling in winter Change of trench foundation temperature Trench wall warm-up Conclusions and recommendations

Note: CONTENTS Preface General Problems On the Basis Systems and Types of Tectonic Structures of Meso-Cenozoic Continent of Asia / Yu. A. Kosygin, I. V. Lutchitski Scheme of Classification and General Regularities of Distribution of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Tectonic Depressions of Platforms and Folded Zones of Northern and Eastern Asia / A. S. Khomentovski West Siberia and Kazakhstan Tectonics of Eastern Versant of the Urals Within the Area of Mesozoic and Paleogene Deposits / N. I. ArkhangeI'ski New Geophysical Data on Tectonics of Middle Ob' Area / N. I. PavIenkova Mesozoic Structures of the Region of Southern Paleozoic Boundaries of West Siberian Lowland / A. L. Matveyevskaya The Kazakhstan Depressions / E. D. ShIygin Materials on Morphology and History of Development of Recent Structures of Eastern Kazakhstan and Some Theoretic Problems / F. S. Moiseyenko Recent Tectonics of Western Parf of Altai-Sayan Region / F. S. Moiseyenko Some Problems of Tectonic Structure of Eelee Depression / A. B. Lee To the Problem of Structure of Mesozoic Structural Stage of Tuva / G. M. VoIontei On Relation of Mesozoic and Paleozoic Structures of Northern Part of Minusa. Intermontane Downwarp and Adjacent Part of West Siberian Plate / A. G. Kats, B. N. Krasil'nikov Tectonics of South-Western Part of West Siberian Lowland According to Geophysical Data / V. S. Surkov To the Problem of Tectonic Structure of the Region of Conjugation of West Siberian Plate and Siberian Platform / K. V. BogoIepov, A. P. Shevtsov New Data on the North-Western Hypogene Extension of Yenisei Mountain Ridge Under Mesozoic Cover of West Siberian Plate / I. M. Tabatski, A. Ya. Chupakhin The Arctic region The Tectonic Map of Meso-Cenozoic Downwarps of Norther Part of Siberian Platform of Scale 1:250 000 and the Method of Its Construction / I. P. AtIasov Main Features of Recent Tectonics and of Development of Endogenous Relief of Polar Part of Mesozoic Downwarp of Middle Siberia / S. A. StreIkov Eastern Siberia and Transbaikalian Region Basis Features of Tectonics of Mesozoic and Cenozofc Deposits of Yakutia / K B. Mokshantsev, V. V. YeIovskikh Tectonic Structure and Principal Stages of Formation of Verkhoyansk Downwarp / A. V. Leiptsig, V. V. Panov Tectonics of Western Part of Vilui Depression / G. S. Fradkin Recent Tectonics of Vilui Depression and its Relation to Ancient Structures / V. V. ZabaIuyev Tectonics of South Yakutian Downwarp / V. V. Mokrinski To the Problem of History of Formation of Meso-Cenozoic Depressions of Aldan Shield / A. G. Kats On Meso-Cenozoic Structure of Near-Baikal Region / N. A. FIorensov Geologic Structure of Meso-Cenozoic Depressions of Central Part of Vitim High Plateau / P. V. Osokin, V. V. BaIkhanov On Cenozoic History of Some Parts of Vitim High Plateau and Ikat Mountain Rarige (Upper Course of Vitim River) / A. N. BuIgatov To the Problem of Meso-Cenozoic Structures of Buryatia / Ts. O. Ochirov On Tectonics of Buryat ASSR Area / G. A. Kibanov Geologic-Tectonic Outline of Central Transbaikalian Region / V. V. Starchenko Formations and Tectonics of Mesozoic Downwarps of Mongolo-Okhotsk Belt / M. S. Nagibina The Far East Basis Problems of Tectonics of Central Part of the Far East (South of Khabarovsk Territory and Amur Region) / L. I. Krasny Tectonics of Meso-Cenozoic Superposed Downwarp of Djugdjur Foothills / V. M. MoraIev Meso-Cenozoic Depressions of Southern Part of the Far East / Yu. B. Ustinovski Some Specific Features of Tectonics of Tertiary Sedimentary Beds of Southern Part of Sikhote-Alin' / Yu. Ya. Gromov China Geologic Structure of Mesozoic Depressions of China / M. I. Varentsov, Van Tszin-bo, G. E. Ryabukhin, A. I. Levchenko Appendix: To the Problem of Existeme of the «Kellog-Teul'ches arch» / Yu. F. Pogonya-Stefanovich On the Article of Yu. F. Pogonya-Stefanovich / K. V. BogoIepov Resolution of the Scientific Council on Tectonics of Siberia and the Far East Programm of Investigation of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Depressions of Siberia and the Far East Index of Local Tectonic Nomenclature , СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Предисловие Общие вопросы Об основных системах и типах тектонических структур мезозойско-кайнозойского континента Азии / Ю. А. Косыгин, И. В. Лучицкий Схема классификации и общие закономерности размещения тектонических мезозойских и кайнозойских впадин платформ и складчатых зон Северной и Восточной Азии / А. С. Хоментовский Западная Сибирь и Казахстан Тектоника восточного склона Урала в пределах распространения мезозойских и палеогеновых отложений / Н. И. Архангельский Новые геофизические данные о тектонике среднего Приобья / Н. И. Павленкова Мезокайнозойские структуры области южного палеозойского обрамления Западно-Сибирской низменности / А. Л. Матвеевская Впадины Казахстана / Е. Д. Шлыгин Материалы по морфологии и истории развития новейших структур Восточного Казахстана и некоторые вопросы теории / Ф. С. Моисеенко Новейшая тектоника западной части Алтае-Саянской области / Ф. С. Моисеенко Некоторые вопросы тектонического строения илийской впадины / А. Б. Ли К вопросу о строении мезозойского структурного яруса Тувы / Г. М. Волонтэй О соотношении мезозойских и палеозойских структур в северной части Минусинского межгорного прогиба и прилежащей части Западно-Сибирской плиты / Я. Г. Кац, Б. Н. Красильников Тектоника юго-восточной части Западно-Сибирской низменности по геофизическим данным / В. С. Сурков К вопросу о тектоническом строении области сопряжения Западно-Сибирской плиты и Сибирской платформы / К. В. Боголепов, А. П. Шевцов Новые данные о северо-западном глубинном продолжении Енисейского кряжа под мезозойским чехлом Западно-Сибирской плиты / И. М. Табацкий, А. Я. Чупахин Арктика Тектоническая карта мезокайнозойских прогибов севера Сибирской платформы в масштабе 1:2 500 000 и метод ее составления / И. П. Атласов Главнейшие черты новейшей тектоники и развития эндогенного рельефа заполярной части мезозойских прогибов средней Сибири / С. А. Стрелков Восточная Сибирь и Забайкалье Основные черты тектоники мезозойских и кайнозойских отложений Якутии / К. Б. Мокшанцев, В. В. Еловских Тектоническое строение и основные этапы формирования Приверхоянского прогиба / А. В. Лейпциг, В. В. Панов Тектоника западной части Вилюйской впадины / Г. С. Фрадкин Новейшая тектоника Вилюйской синеклизы и связь ее с древними структурами / В. В. Забалуев Тектоника Южно-Якутского краевого прогиба / В. В. Мокринский К вопросу об истории формирования мезокайнозойских впадин Алданского щита / А. Г. Кац О мезозойско-кайнозойской структуре Прибайкалья / Н. А. Флоренсов Геологическое строение мезокайнозойских впадин центральной части Витимского плоскогорья / П. В. Осокин, В. В. Балханов О кайнозойской истории Витимского плоскогорья и Икатского хребта (бассейн верховья р. Витим) / А. Н. Булгатов К вопросу о мезокайнозойских структурах Бурятии / Ц. О. Очиров К тектонике территории БАССР / Г. А. Кибанов Геолого-тектонический очерк Центрального Забайкалья / В. В. Старченко Формации и тектоника мезозойских прогибов Монголо-Охотского пояса / М. С. Нагибина Дальний Восток Основные вопросы тектоники центральной части Дальнего Востока (юг Хабаровского края и Амурская область) / Л. И. Красный Тектоника Предджугджурского мезокайнозойского наложенного прогиба / В. М. Моралев Мезозойско-кайнозойские впадины южной части Дальнего Востока / Ю. Б. Устиновский Некоторые особенности тектоники третичных осадочных толщ южной части Сихотэ-Адиня / Ю. Я. Громов Китай О геологическом строении мезокайнозойских впадин Китая / М. И. Варенцов, Ван Цзин-бо, Г. Е. Рябухин, А. И. Левченко Приложение К вопросу о существовании «Келлоr-Теульчесского вала» / Ю Ф. Погоня-Стефанович О заметке Ю. Ф. Погони-Стефановича / К. В. Боголепов Решение научного совета по тектонике Сибири и Дальнего Востока Программа исследования мезозойских и кайнозойских впадин Сибири и Дальнего Востока Указатель региональных тектонических терминов , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Notation Stress analysis Analysis of densification process Non-Newtonian densification Equation for hyperbolic sine densification law Determination of parameters Discussion Glaciological engineering aspects References Appendix A: Example of calculation Appendix B: Snow density profiles

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Glossary Part 1 : Surface pattern, structure of the active layer, and type and distribution of ground ice in the permafrost Pattern type 1: Circular and linear depressions in unsorted outwash Circular depressions, area 1 Structure of the active layer Ground ice and its relation to surface morphology Linear depressions, area 5 Structure of the active layer Ground ice and its relation to surface morphology Pattern t ype 2 and 3: Polygonal troughs in unsorted outwash and sorted circles or centers of fines Area 3 Structure of the active layer Ground ice and its relation to surface morphology Area 4 Structure of the active layer Ground ice and its relat ion to surface morphology Pattern type 4: Mounds and depressions of low relief in unsorted outwash Area 4a Structure of the active layer Ground ice and its relatiop. to surface morphology Part 2: Ground ice studies Area 1 Lens ice History Appearance of the ice Fabric analysis Wedge ice History Appearance of the ice Fabric analysis Relict ice History Appearance of the ice Fabric analysis Contact between ice wedge and relict ice Ice sockets Area 5 Wedge ice Fabric analysis Relict ice Fabric analysis Area 3 Ice mass History Appearance of the ice Fabric analysis Ice wedge Fabric analysis Contact between ice mass and wedge Appearance of the ice Fabric analysis Summary and conclusions Pattern type 1: Linear and circular depressions in. unsorted outwash Pattern type 2: Polygonal troughs formed in unsorted outwash Pattern type 3: Sorted circles or centers of fines Pattern type 4: Mounds and depressions of low relief in fine-grained unsorted outwash Engineering applications References Appendix A: Associated studies Appendix B : Recommendations for further field and laboratory work Appendix C: Recommendations for field and laboratory techniques

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Petrographic characteristics Intercrystalline features Intracrystalline features References

Note: CONTENTS: PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY. - SECTION I. FUNDAMENTALS. - 1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SEA-WATER / BY N. P. FOFONOFF. - 1. The equilibrium thermodynamic state. - 2. Equation of state for sea-water. - 3. Entropy. - 4. Chemical potential difference. - 5. The non-equilibrium state. - 6. Other physical properties of sea-water. - 2. THE EQUATIONS OF MOTION OF SEA-WATER / BY CARL ECKART. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Thermodynamics. - 3. Hydrodynamics. - 4. The irreversible processes. - 5. Transformation of the equation. - 6. The zeroth approximation. - 7. The first approximation. - 8. Definitions related to convective motion. - 9. The field equations. - SECTION II. INTERCHANGE OF PROPERTIES BETWEEN SEA AND AIR. - 3. SMALL-SCALE INTERACTIONS / BY E. L. DEACON AND E. K. WEBB. - 1. General considerations of transfer. - 2. Momentum transfer and the wind-profile. - 3. Drag coefficients of the sea surface. - 4. Transfer of heat and water vapour. - 4. LARGE-SCALE INTERACTIONS / BY JOANNE S. MALKUS. - 1. Introduction. - 2. How the whole system works. - 3. Determination of air-sea fluxes. - 4. Climatology of energy exchange and the global heat and water budgets. - 5. Heat and water exchange and its role in tropical circulations. - 6. Large-scale momentum relations. - 7. Exchange mechanisms and fluctuations. - 8. Exchange fluctuations in mid-latitudes and long-period interaction anomalies. - 9. Concluding remarks. - 5. INSOLUBLES / BY R. W. REX AND E. D. GOLDBERG. - 1. Meteorology of transport. - 2. Eolian materials in marine sediments. - 6. SOLUBLES / BY A. H. WOODCOCK. - 7. GASES / BY R. REVELLE AND H. E. SUESS. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Oxygen and nitrogen. - 3. Rare gases. - 4. Carbon dioxide. - SECTION III. DYNAMICS OF OCEAN CURRENTS / BY N. P. FOFONOFF. - 1. Conservation equations for momentum and mass. - 2. Separation into steady and time-dependent motion. - 3. Magnitude of forces. - 4. Steady-state circulation. - 5. Steady inertial circulation. - 6. Convective circulation. - 7. Time-dependent motion. - SECTION IV. TRANSMISSION OF ENERGY WITHIN THE SEA. - 8. LIGHT / BY J. E. TYLER AND R. W. PREISENDORFER. - 1. Physical constructs. - 2. Instrumentation for the measurement of the underwater light field and the determination of the optical properties of the sea. - 3. Radiance distribution. - 4. Attenuation coefficient. - 5. Volume scattering functions and total scattering coefficient. - 6. Irradiance. - 7. Diffuse attenuation function and reflectance function. - 8. Scalar irradiance (spherical irradiance). - 9. Absorption coefficient. - 10. Path function. - 11. Data. - 12. Applications. - 13. List of symbols. - 9. UNDERWATER VISIBILITY / BY S. Q. DUNTLEY. - 1. Image transmission. - 2. Inherent contrast. - 3. Sighting range. - 10. LIGHT AND ANIMAL LIFE / BY G. L. CLARKE AND E. J. DENTON. - 11. OTHER ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION / BY L. N. LIEBERMANN. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Electromagnetic properties of sea-water. - 3. Propagation through sea-water. - 4. The effect of the sea-surface on electromagnetic propagation. - 5. Natural electromagnetic radiation or "noise" in the sea. - 12. SOUND IN THE SEA / BY P. VIGOUREUX and J. B. HERSEY. - 1. The nature of sound. - 2. Propagation of sound in water. - 3. Noise. - 4. Instruments and applications of sound to oceanography. - 13. SOUND SCATTERING BY MARINE ORGANISMS / BY J. B. HERSEY AND R. H. BACKUS. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Occurrence and description of scattering layers. - 3. Identification of sound scatterers. - 4. Sound-scattering theory. - 5. Sound-scattering observations. - 6. What is "the deep scattering layer"?. - 7. Ideas and miscellaneous observations. - 14. SOUND PRODUCTION BY MARINE ANIMALS / BY W. E. SCHEVILL, R. H. BACKUS, AND J. B. HERSEY. - 1. Introduction. - 2. History. - 3. Instrumentation. - 4. Identification of source. - 5. Purposeful and adventitious sounds. - 6. Sound-producing mechanisms. - 7. Spectra of sounds. - 8. Functions of sound. - 9. Hearing as related to sound production. - 10. Eliciting and suppressing marine animal sounds. - 11. Exploitation of marine animal sounds by the oceanographer. - SECTION V. WAVES. - 15. ANALYSIS AND STATISTICS / BY D. E. CARTWRIGHT. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Fundamental equations of wave motion. - 3. Statistical formulation. - 4. Properties of a wave system in terms of its directional energy spectrum. - 5. Estimating the directional energy spectrum. - 6. Waves recorded by a single detector. - 7. Spectral measurement. - 8. Second-order approximations to energy spectra. - 16. LONG-TERM VARIATIONS IN SEA-LEVEL / BY J. R. ROSSITER. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The determination of mean sea-level. - 3. Causes of variations in sea-level. - 4. The analysis of observations. - 5. Some geophysical implications of long-term variations in sea-level. - 6. Conclusion. - 17. SURGES / BY P. GROEN AND G. W. GROVES. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Description. - 3. Dynamics and forecasting. - 18. LONG OCEAN WAVES / BY W. H. MUNK. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The instruments. - 3. The spectrum. - 4. Surf beat. - 5. Shelf waves. - 6. Tsunamis. - 19. WIND WAVES / BY N. F. BARBER AND M. J. TUCKER. - 1. Kinematics of waves. - 2. The description of a complicated wave pattern: the wave spectrum. - 3. Theories of wave generation by wind. - 4. Wave prediction. - 5. Waves from distant storms. - 6. Waves approaching the shore. - 7. The surf zone. - 8. Ships and waves. - 9. Methods of observation and analysis-methods taking no account of direction of travel. - 10. Methods of observation and analysis - the directional power spectrum. - 20. MICROSEISMS / BY J. DARBYSHIRE. - 1. Relation between sea waves and microseisms. - 2. The nature of microseisms. - 3. Refraction of microseisms. - 4. Storm tracking and estimation of the direction of approach of microseisms. - 5. Estimation of direction from the nature of microseisms. - 6. Instruments. - 7. Other work. - 21. RIPPLES / BY C. S. COX. - 1. Spectrum and mean square slope. - 2. Effect of slicks. - 3. Shape of a rippled water surface. - 4. Growth of ripples. - 22. INTERNAL WAVES : Part I / BY E. C. LAFOND. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Measurements. - 3. Observed relations. - 22. INTERNAL WAVES : Part II / BY C. S. COX. - 4. Differential equations. - 5. Spectrum. - 6. Internal waves and turbulence. - 23. TIDES / BY W. HANSEN. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The hydrodynamic equations and their application to tidal problems. - 3. Tidal observation. - 4. Tidal charts. - 5. Classical theory. - 6. Numerical methods for ascef!.aining the tides and tidal currents. Boundary-value problems. - 7. The application of difference methods to initial-boundary problems. - 8. Numerical solutions of initial-boundary-value problems of tides in one and two dimensions. - 9. Internal tides. - SECTION VI. TURBULENCE / BY K. F. BOWDEN. - 1. General properties of turbulence. - 2. Turbulence in the sea. - 3. Turbulent fluctuations and turbulent transports. - 4. Vertical turbulence. - 5. Horizontal turbulence. - SECTION VII. THE PHYSICS OF SEA-ICE / BY E. R. POUNDER. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Mechanical properties. - 3. Thermal properties. - 4. Electrical properties. - 5. Growth and disintegration of an ice cover. - 6. Theory of sea-ice structure and properties. - AUTHOR INDEX. - SUBJECT INDEX.

Note: Contents: From the editor. - The fifth Antarctic Expedition (1959-1961). - Organization and tasks of the expedition. - Routes of expedition ships. - The Ob. - The Kooperatsia. - The Pravda Coast. - Unloading the ships. - Operations of expedition parties. - Aerometeorological observations. - Field temporary stations. - Glaciological researches. - Researches on the geomagnetism, aeronomy and on seismology. - Sea and coastal ice observations. - Biological and medical work. - Operations of the aviation group. - Connection with Antarctic expeditions of other countries. - Tractor-sledge traverses of inland areas of Eastern Antarctica. - Mirny - Komsomolskaya - Mirny. - Mirny - 67°44' S, 93°46' E - 71°59' S, 87°00' E - Komsomolskaya - Vostok. - Operation of the inland Antarctic stations. - Vostok. - Komsomolskaya. - The Queen Maud Land. - The Ob at the Lazarev Glacier. - Field scientific work. - Geological and geographical researches. - Glaciological researches. - Lazarev station. - Brief summary of results of researches conducted by the fifth Antarctic Expedition. - The sixth Soviet Antarctic Expedition. - Organization and tasks of the expedition. - Route of the expedition ship. - Novolazarevskaya station. - International cooperation in the study of Antarctica. - Antarctic treaty. - Fourth Meeting of SCAR. - Abstract. - References. - Appendixes. - 1. Main data of the Soviet Antarctic stations. - 2. Calendar of the expedition ships operations. - 3. Personnel of the Soviet Antarctic Expeditions of 1955-1962. - 4. Period of operations of the Soviet Antarctic Expeditions of 1955-1961. - 5. List of members of the fifth and the sixth Antarctic expeditions. - 6. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on Decoration of the most distinguished Antarctic Explorers. - 7. Text of the Antarctic treaty. , In kyrill. Schr. , Mit engl. Zsfassung

Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ = Soderžanie = Contents: Предисловие = Predislovie = Foreword. - Геофизина = Geofizika = Geophysics. - Ионосферные наблюдения = Ionosfernye nabljudenija = Ionospheric observations. - Таблица. Ионосферные данные = Tablica. Ionosfernye dannye = Table. Ionospheric data. - Магнитные наблюдения = Magnitnye nabljudenija = Magnetic observations. - Таблица 1. Ежечасные значения магнитных элементов D, Н, Z = Tablica 1. Ežečasnye značenija magnitnych ėlementov D, H, Z = Table 1. Hourly values of the magnetic elements D, H, Z. - Таблица 2. Ежечасные значения амплитуд горизонтальной составляющей rγH = Tablica 2. Ežečasnye značenija amplitud gorizontal'noj sostavljajuščej rγH = Table 2. Hourly values of amplitudes of the horizontal component rγH. - Таблица 3. Наблюденные значения магнитных элементов D, Н, Z = Tablica 3. Nabljudennye značenija magnitnych ėlementov D, H, Z = Table 3. Observed values of the magnetic elements D, H, Z. , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Solution Applications Conclusions References Appendix A Computer program Graphs of nev functions, derivatives, and integrals Tables of nev functions, derivatives, and integrals

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Air temperature Wind direction and speed Precipitation and accumulation Climatological map for the Greenland Ice Sheet Appendix A: Temperature data Appendix B: Precipitation data

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Part 1. Data analysis Introduction Estimating snow temperature distributions from meteorological information Radiative heat transfer Short-wave radiation Long-wave radiation Net radiation exchange Convective heat transfer Liljequist method Monin-Obukhov method Conductive heat transfer Heat transfer in soil Heat transfer in snow Direct relationships Measurement of snow properties Cold content of snow Vertical temperature gradient in snow and its effects Snow hardness Summary of the analysis Thermal radiative heat transfer Convective heat transfer Heat transfer processes in soil and snow Part II. Tabulated data for Keweenaw Field Station Description of data Location and periods of measurement Instrumentation Data processing Explanation of tables Thermal radiation data, Keweenaw Field Station References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Experimentation Method of growing salt ice Strength test procedures Bulk properties of salt ice Phase relations Density and air content Strength results Strength of fresh-water ice Strength of NaCl ice as a function of brine volume Strength of NaCl· 2H2O ice as a function of the relative volume of solid salt Effect of thermal history on salt-ice strength Phase hysteresis Geometric hysteresis Effect of short-term cooling on the strength of fresh-water and NaCl·2H2O ice Effect of the volume of inclosed air on the strength of salt ice Conclusions NaCl ice Sea ice References Appendix A: Volume of brine and NaCl· 2H2O in NaCl ice as a function of salinity and temperature Appendix B: Ring test results Normal test sequences Appendix C: Ring test results Hysteresis test sequences Appendix .b: Ring test results Thermal history test sequences

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction to the problem Laboratory data Preliminary experiments Vertical sorting and volume changes produced by cyclic freeze -thaw Volume increase by sorting in straight graded samples without freezing and thawing Field data Vertical sorting of the active layer Correlation between laboratory and field data Conclusion and recommendations References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Theory Effective sliding velocity Estimate of stresses Surface profilecalculations Effect of the weight of ice on the bedrock base Sample calculations References

Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ = Soderžanie = Contents: Предисловие = Predislovie = Foreword. - Метеорология = Meteorologija = Meteorology. - Метеорологические наблюдения = Meteorologičeskie nabljudenija = Meteorological observations. - Таблицы = Tablicy = Tables. - Актинометрия = Aktinometrija = Actinometry. - Актинометрические наблюдения = Aktinometričeskie nabljudenija = Actinometric observations. - Некоторые результаты наблюдений = Nekotorye rezul'taty nabljudenij = Some results of observations. - Таблицы = Tablicy = Tables. - , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ = Soderžanie = Table of Contents. - Предисловие = Predislovie = Foreword. - Аэрология = Aėrologija = Aerology. - Методика и результаты аэрологических наблюдений = Metodika i rezul'taty aėrologičeskich nabljudenij = Method and results of upper-air observations. - Таблица 1. Географические координаты станций = Tablica 1. Geografičeskie koordinaty stancij = Table 1. Geographical coordinates of stations. - Таблица 2. Среднее месячное давление = Tablica 2. Srednee Mesjačnoe davlenie = Table 2. Average monthly pressure. - Таблица 3. Средняя месячная высота и температура изобарических поверхностей = Tablica 3. Srednjaja mesjačnaja vysota i temperatura izobaričeskich poverchnostej = Table 3. Average monthly height and temperature of isobaric surfaces. - Таблица 4. Средняя месячная плотность воздуха = Tablica 4. Srednjaja mesjačnaja plotnost' vozducha = Table 4. Average monthly air density. - Таблица 5. Средняя месячная температура = Tablica 5. Srednjaja mesjačnaja temperatura = Table 5. Average monthly temperature. - Таблица 6. Максимальная температура = Tablica 6. Maksimal'naja temperatura = Table 6. Maximum temperature. - Таблица 7. Минимальная температура = Tablica 7. Minimal'naja temperatura = Table 7. The minimum temperature. - Таблица 8. Средняя высота изотермических поверхностей = Tablica 8. Srednjaja vysota izotermičeskich poverchnostej = Table 8. The average height of isothermal surfaces. - Таблица 9. Повторяемость высоты нижней границы инверсий и изотермий и числа дней с инверсиями и изотермиями = Tablica 9. Povtorjaemost' vysoty nižnej granicy inversij i izotermij i čisla s inversijami i izotermijami = Table 9. Repeatability of the height of the lower boundary of inversions and isotherms and the number of days with inversions and isotherms Таблица 10. Средняя мощность инверсий и изотермий = Tablica 10. Srednjaja moščnost' inversij i izotermij = Table 10. The average power of inversions and isotherms. - Таблица 11. Средняя интенсивность инверсий и изотермий = Tablica 11. Srednaja intensivnost' inversij i izotermij = Table 11. The average intensity of inversions and isotherms. - Таблица 12. Средняя высота и температура нижней границы тропопаузы = Tablica 12. Srednjaja vysota i temperatura nižnej granicy tropopauzy = Table 12. The average height and temperature of the lower border of the tropopause. - Таблица 13. Повторяемость высоты нижней границы тропопаузы = Tablica 13. Povtorjaemost' vysoty nižnej granicy tropopauzy = Table 13. Repeatability of the height of the lower tropopause border. - Таблица 14. Повторяемость температуры нижней границы тропопаузы = Tablica 14. Povtorjaemost' temperatury nižnej granicy tropopauzy =Table 14. Repeatability of temperature of the lower tropopause border. - Таблица 15. Средняя месячнан относительная влажность = Tablica 15. Srednjaja mesjačnan otnositel'naja vlažnost' = Table 15. Average monthly relative humidity. - Таблица 16. Средняя месячная удельная влажность = Tablica 16. Srednjaja mesjačnaja udel'naja vlažnost' = Table 16. Average monthly specific humidity. - Таблица 17. Средняя высота нижней границы облаков = Tablica 17. Srednaja vysota nižnej granicy oblakov = Table 17. The average height of the lower boundary of the clouds. - Таблица 18. Средняя месячная скорость ветра = Tablica 18. Srednjaja mesjačnaja skorost' vetra = Table 18. Average monthly wind speed. - Таблица 19. Максимальная скорость ветра = Tablica 19. Maksimal'naja skorost' vetra = Table 19. Maximum wind speed. - Таблица 20. Повторяемость направления ветра = Tablica 20. Povtorjaemost' napravlenija vetra = Table 20. Wind direction repeatability. - Таблица 21. Результаты температурно-ветрового зондирования атмосферы = Tablica 21. Rezul'taty temperaturno-vetrovogo zondirovanija atmosfery = Table 21. Results of temperature-wind sounding of the atmosphere. - , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Field investigations Application of profile data Densification theory Engineering applications References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Methods of testing Sampling Preparation of samples Preparation of structure pictures Results Influence of time and place Porosity Number of grains/cm2 Mean grain cross section Relative length of grain boundaries (KM ratio) Mean number of adjacent grains per grain Number of new boundaries/cm 2 Mean length of new grain-to-grain boundaries Some interrelations of the structure data Structure of a 1-yr old Peter snow Suggestions for an exact study of the age-hardening process of snow References Appendix: Structure pictures

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Mathematical development Method of solution Discussion of results Base temperature Minimum temperature Effect of rate of growth Effect of geothermal influx Comparison with observed results References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Open-loop system Method of analysis Time dependence of pond size Temperature of water in the pond Effect of inlet water temperature Effect of convection duct Power consumption for circulation of cooling water Condlusions Closed-loop system Method of analysis Time dependence of pond size Flow conditions of glycol solutions inside coil Discussion and conclusions References Appendix: Examples of calculations

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Materials Apparatus and procedure Results Discussion References Appendix: Compression of an assembly of cylinders

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Experimental Materials Apparatus Experimental results Ice/metal interface Ice/quartz interface Discussion References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Experimental Materials Apparatus Experimental results Deformation under constant hydrostatic pressure Deformation as a function of hydrostatic pressure Deformation as a function of temperature at constant pressure Discussion References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction The Sorge depth-density curve Generalization for time-variable rate of accumulation Path of a particle on the surface y=B(h,t) Effect of temperature Computational procedure Densification under high loads References

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Soil material Soil Preparation of the soil material Containers Temperature and humidity of the air Moisture content and dry density of the soil Experimental procedures and results General procedures Definition of the characteristics of cracking of soil Cracking moisture content Size of cells made by cracking of the soil Length of cracks Number of sides of cells Development of cracks Additional experiments Interfacial fracture markings Method of auxilliary tests on physical properties of the soil Elastic constants of the soil Shrinkage of soil due to desiccation Tests of the adhesion between the soil and the bottom material Results of auxiliary tests Elastic constants of the soil Free shrinkage process of the soil due to desiccation Adhesion between the soil and glass or wood Mechanism of crack formation due to the desiccation of soil Geometric interpretation Mechanical interpretation Conclusions References Appendix: Table of experiments

Note: Teilweise in kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Contents: From the editor. - Organization of the Fourth Antarctic Expedition and its tasks. - Routes of expedition ships. - d/s Ob. - m/s Mikhail Kalinin. - Observatory Mirny. - Unloading the ships. - Operation of expedition parties. - Connections with Antarctic Expeditions of other countries. - Antarctic inland tractor-sledge traverses. - South Pole traverse. - Geophyiscal traverse along the Mirny-Komsomolskaya route. - Work of the Antarctic stations. - Vostok. - Komsomolskaya. - Lazarev. - Brief summary of results of scientific researches conducted by the Soviet Antarctic Expeditions (1955-1960). - The Fifth Antarctic Expedition. - International cooperation in the study of Antarctica. - Abstract. - References. - Appendixes. - 1. Main data of the Soviet Antarctic stations. - 2. Calendar of the expedition ships operations. - 3. Personnel of the Soviet Antarctic Expeditions of 1955-1960. - 4. Period of work of Antarctic Expeditions in 1955-1960. - 5. List of members of the Fourth Antarctic Expedition. - 6. List of clothing for the members of Antarctic Expeditions. - 7. Food supply of the Antarctic Expeditions. , In kyrill. Schr. , Mit engl. Zsfassung