ALBERT

Note: Contents Preface Acknowledgements Introduction Chapter One: Causes of sea-level change 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Changes in the quantity of oceanic water 1.3 Deformation of the shape of the oceanic basin 1.4 Variations of water density and dynamic changes affecting the water masses Chapter Two: Evidence of former sea levels 2.1 Rocky shores 2.2 Sedimentary shores 2.3 Archaeological and historical sea-level indicators 2.4 Dating a sea-level indicator 2.5 How sea-level curves are constructed Chapter Three: The ice age Earth 3.1 How the last glaciation developed 3.2 The sea-level positions during the last Ice age 3.3 Low-sea-level land bridges and landscapes 3.4 Last glaciation climate and hydrology 3.5 Last glaciation biomass and CO2 exchanges Chapter Four: Deglacial sea-level changes 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Modelling results 4.3 Regional case studies 4.4 A gradually rising or a fluctuating sea level? 4.5 The Younger Dryas sea-level change 4.6 Impacts of past sea-level rise on coastal systems 4.7 Palaeomonsoons Chapter Five: Relative sea-level changes in the late Holocene 5.1 Delta and coral reef development 5.2 Continuance of isostatic emergence / submergence processes 5.3 Seismo-tectonic displacements 5.4 Relative sea-level changes produced by aseismic tectonics 5.5 Transgression-regression sequences and sea-level changes 6 Present-day sea-level trends 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Instrumental measurements . 6.3 Explanation of current estimations of global sea-level rise 6.4 Coastal areas at risk from sea-level rise Conclusions References Author Index Geographical Index Subject Index

Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Предисловие Проблемы зональной шкалы палеогена Сибири / Шацкий С.Б. Стратиграфия плиоцена юга Западно-Сибирской равнины / Зыкин В.С., Зажигин В.С., Присяжнюк В.А. Магнитобиостратиграфический разрез и палеомагнитная характеристика плиоценовых отложений юга Западно-Сибирской равнины / Гнибиденко З.Н. Олигоценовые флоры Западной Сибири (по материалам палео-карпологических исследований) / Никитин В. П. Роль палинологии в разработке стратиграфии палеогеновых и неогеновых отложений Западной Сибири / Мартынов В.А. Об оценке абсолютного возраста и детальной корреляции плиоцен-четвертичных отложений методом палеовековых вариаций / Донченко В. В., Гнибиденко З.Н. Палеогеновые и неогеновые отложения юго-запада Чулымо-Енисейской впадины / Колыхалов Ю.М., Нечаева Е. К., Бессоненко Э.А. Картируемые горизонты неогена на юге Западно-Сибирской плиты / Даргевич В.А. Палинокомплексы палеогена и неогена Обь-Иртышского междуречья Западно-Сибирской равнины и их стратиграфическое значение / Кондинская Л. И., Юдина Е. В. О возрасте фауны позвоночных из серо-зеленых глин Павлодарского Прииртышья / Тлеубердина П.А. Неогеновые и четвертичные комплексы остракод юга Западной Сибири / Казьмина Т.А. Палинокомплексы кайнозоя Сургутского Приобья / Боброва С.И., Кириенко И.В. Корреляция палино-компллексов палеогена юго-восточной части Западно-Сибирской равнины (Томская область, правобережье Оби) / Ильенок Л.Л., Кабанова В.М., Костеша О.Н. Биостратиграфия морского палеогена юго-востока Западной Сибири по данным изучения микрофауны / Подобина В.М. О границе эоцена - олигоцена по данным изучения фораминифер (на примере Западной Сибири) / Подобина В.М. Климатические особенности формирования среднеплиоценовых отложений Северного Казахстана / Бобоедова А.А., Терещенко Р.А. Сравнительная стратиграфия палеогеновых отложений юга Западной Сибири и Тургайского прогиба на основе палиноспектров / Вобоедова А.А., Паскарь З.С. Палеоген и неоген Западного Забайкалья / Иметхенов А.Б., Резанов И.Н., Савинова В.В., Черняева Г.И., Будаев Р.Ц. Новые данные по расчленению и строению кайнозойских отложений на побережье моря Лаптевых / Евтеева И.С., Логинова И.Э., Каган Л.Я. Новые данные по палиностратиграфии кайнозойских отложений Тастахского прогиба Приморской низменности (Якутия) / Бакулина Н.Т., Жарикова Л.П. Результаты спорово-пыльцевого анализа отложений верхнего кайнозоя среднего течения р. Алазеи (Якутия) / Львова Е.М. Новые данные о неогеновых отложениях в Северном Приохотье / Ананьева Э.Г., Смирнова Т.И. Палеогеография и радиоуглеродная хронология на рубеже плейстоцена и голоцена Предалтайской равнины / Левина Т.П., Орлова Л.А., Панычев В.А., Скабичевская Н.А. К проблеме выделения раннезырянских межстадиалов в Западной Сибири / Архипов С.А., Вотах М.Р. Новые данные по палеогеографии плейстоцена Западного Саяна / Фельдбарг Н.Е., Чернышова М.Б. История развития рельефа и формирования позднеплейстоценовых отложений на юго-восточной окраине Северо-Сибирской низменности / Сахарова Е.И., Бурьянова О.П. Геоморфологическое районирование северо-западных окраин Алтае-Саянской горной области / Вдовин В.В. Эрозионные циклы рек Западного Прибайкалья в позднем плейстоцене и голоцене / Сизиков А.М. Типы морфогенеза на пластовых равнинах Зауралья и восстановление палеоклиматов плейстоцена / Илларионов А.Г. Палеоклиматы позднего плейстоцена и голоцена севера Сибири / Данилов И.Д. К стратиграфическому значению разреза четвертичных отложений на р. Хатанга у пос. Новорыбное / Зольников И.Л., Шевко А.Я. Морфология валунов и галек в моренах Белогорской возвышенности (Нижнее Приобье) / Шелехова Т.Г. , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ основоположник Сибирской школы по изучению четвертичного периода (С.А. Архипов) / Сакс В.В. Астрономическая геохронология антропогена. Проблема сопоставления геохронологических шкал / Краснов И.И. Хроностратиграфическая шкала ледникового плейстоцена севера Зарадной Сибири / Архипов С.А Стратиграфия и термолюминесцентный возраст раннего плейстоцена севера Западной Сибири / Архипов С.А., Куликов О.А Палинология и ледниковая теория / Волкова В.С. Покровное оледенение шельфа Восточной Сибири в позднем плейстоцене / Гросвальд М.Г. Проблемы межрегиональной корреляции четвертичных отложений в свете новых данных по стратиграфии плейстоцена европейской части СССР / Шик С.М. Проблемы стратиграфии четвертичных отложений Прибалтийского пегиона и их межрегиональной корреляции / Гайгалас А.И. Флювиальный процесс на равнинах умеренного пояса в плейстоцене / Волков И.А. Особенности стратиграфического расчленения плейстоцена внутриконтинентальных горных областей / Ендрихинскии А.С. Почвообразование и лессонакопление в плейстоцене юого-восточной части Западной Сибири / Зыкина В.С., Ким Ю.В. Териофауна последнего межледниковья / Алексеева Л.И. Разрез с раннеплейстоценовой вят-кинской фауной и флорой на юге Западной Сибири / Архипов С.А., Круковер А.А., Шелкоnляс В.Н. Мелкие млекопитающие тобольского горизонта / Круковер А.А. Стратиграфия неоген-четвертичных отложений Чулымо-Енисейской впадины по палеомагнитным и биостратиграфическим данным / Колыхалов Ю. М., Нечаева Е.К., Величко Н.Н. Экскурс геомагнитного поля Каргаполово (Лашамр) ~ 40 тыс. лет назад по отложениям в районе средней Оби (разрез Чагин Яр) / Куликова Л. С. Межрегиональная литологическая корреляция морен / Сухорукова С.С., Судакова Н.Г., Немцова Г.М., Астапова С.Д, Фаустова М.Н. Поэднеплейстоценовая обстановка осадконакопления в центре Западной Сибири / Астахов В.И. Краткая литологическая характеристика кайнозойских отложений археологического памятника Диринг-Юрях ( tредняя Лена) / Камалетдинов В.А., Зигерт Х. Палеоклиматические реконструкции на территории СССР в главные термические максимумы голоцена (по палинологическим данным) / Климанов В.А. Изменения рас,ительного покрова и климата Колымской низменности в поэднечетвертичное время / Рыбакова Н.О. К истории растительности севера Сибирской платформы в плейстоцене и голоцене / Кулагина Н.В. Геоморфологические корреляции поэднеплейстоценовых и голоценовых террас центральной части Онежского залива / Матошко А.В., Ломакин И.Э. , Омельчук А.В., Паланский М. Г., Сорокин А.Л., Ванюхин Б.И. Микропалеонтологическая характеристика средне-верхнеплейстоценовых отложений п-ова Челюскин / Левчук Л.К., Седов В.Н., Шнейдер Г.В. Опыт комплексного биостратиграфического анализа (фораминиферового и спорово-пыльцевого) донных отложений Баренцева моря / Иванова Л.В., Лебедева Р.М. Стратиграфия позднеnлейстоценово-голоuеновых осадков Берингийского шельфа по комплексам диатомей / Полякова Е.И. , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Contents Preface Part I Introduction 1 Applications and uses of diatoms: prologue / EUGENE F. STOERMER AND JOHN P. SMOL Part II Diatoms as indicators of environmental change in flowing waters and lakes 2 Assessing environmental conditions in rivers and streams with diatoms / R. JAN STEVENSON AND YANGDONG PAN 3 Diatoms as indicators of hydrologic and climatic change in saline lakes / SHERILYN C. FRITZ, BRIAN F. CUMMING, FRANQOISE GASSE, AND KATHLEEN R. LAIRD 4 Diatoms as mediators of biogeochemical silica depletion in the Laurentian Great Lakes / CLAIRE L. SCHELSKE 5 Diatoms as indicators of surface water acidity / RICHARD W. BATTARBEE, DONALD F. CHARLES, SUSHIL S. DIXIT, AND INGEMAR RENBERG 6 Diatoms as indicators of lake eutrophication / ROLAND I. HALL AND JOHN P. SMOL 7 Continental diatoms as indicators of long-term environmental change / J. PLATT BRADBURY 8 Diatoms as indicators of water level change in freshwater lakes / JULIE A. WOLIN AND HAMISH C. DUTHIE Part III Diatoms as indicators in extreme environments 9 Diatoms as indicators of environmental change near arctic and alpine treeline / ANDRE F. LOTTER, REINHARD PIENITZ, AND ROLAND SCHMIDT 10 Freshwater diatoms as indicators of environmental change in the High Arctic / MARIANNE S. V. DOUGLAS AND JOHN P. SMOL 11 Diatoms as indicators of enviromental change in antarctic freshwaters / SARAH A. SPAULDING AND DIANE M. MCKNIGHT 12 Diatoms of aerial habitats / JEFFREY R. JOHANSEN Part IV Diatoms as indicators in marine and estuarine environments 13 Diatoms as indicators of coastal paleoenvironments and relative sea-level change / LUC DENYS AND HEIN DE WOLF 14 Diatoms and environmental change in brackish waters / PAULI SNOEIJS 15 Applied diatom studies in estuaries and shallow coastal environments / MICHAEL J. SULLIVAN 16 Estuarine paleoenyironmental reconstructions using diatoms / SHERRI R. COOPER 17 Diatoms and marine paleoceanography / CONSTANCE SANCETTA PartV Other applications 18 Diatoms and archeology / STEVEN JUGGINS AND NIGEL CAMERON 19 Diatoms in oil and gas exploration / WILLIAM N. KREBS 20 Forensic science and diatoms / ANTHONY J. PEABODY 21 Toxic and harmful marine diatoms / GRETA A. FRYXELL AND MARIA C. VILLAC 22 Diatoms as markers of atmospheric transport / MARGARET A. HARPER 23 Diatomite / DAVID M. HARWOOD Part VI Conclusions 24 Epilogue: a view to the future / EUGENE F. STOERMER AND JOHN P. SMOL Glossary, and acronyms Index

Note: Inhalt: I. Allgemeines zu den Familien mit Kanalraphen. - 1. Die taxonomisches Bewertung des Kanalraphensystems. - 2. Gemeinsame und unterschiedliche morphologische Merkmale bei den pennaten Gattungen mit Kanalraphen. - 3. Terminologie. - 3.1. Ergänzender Glossar einiger Termini. - II. Spezieller Teil. - Ordnung Pennales. - Die Familien 4-6 mit Kanalraphen (Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae). - 4. Familie Bacillariaceae Ehrenberg. - 1. Bacillaria Gmelin. - 2. Nitzschia Hassall. - 3. Hantzschia Grunow. - 4. Cymbellonitzschia Hustedt. - 5. Cylindrotheca Rabenhorst. - 6. Simonsenia Lange-Bertalot. - 5. Familie Epithemiaceae sensu Karsten. - 1. Denticula Kützing. - 2. Epithemia Brébisson. - 3. Rhopalodia O. Müller. - 6. Familie Surirellaceae Kützing. - 1. Cymatopleura W. Smith. - 2. Surirella Turpin. - 3. Stenopterobia Brébisson. - 4. Campylodiscus Ehrenberg. - Tafeln 1-182. - Ergänzungen und Korrekturen. - Namenverzeichnis.

Note: Zugl.: Kiel, Univ. Diss., 1987

Note: Teilweise in deutscher, englischer, französischer, russischer und spanischer Sprache

Note: Contents: List of contributors. - Preface. - 1 An Overview of Rates of Chemical Weathering / S. M. Colman and D. P. Dethier. - PART I KINETICS AND MECHANISMS OF WEATHERING REACTIONS. - 2 The Relations between Crystal Structure and Silicate Weathering Rates / R. A. Eggleton. - 3 The Dissolution Rate of Forsteritic Olivine from Hawaiian Beach Sand / D. E. Grandstaff. - 4 Stoichiometry of Alkali Feldspar Dissolution at Room Temperature and Various pH Values / G. R. Holdren, Jr. and P. M. Speyer. - 5 Rate Limitation and Dissolution of Highly Soluble Minerals / J. B. Laronne. - PART II RATES OF MINERAL ALTERATION IN SOIL ENVIRONMENTS. - 6 The Etching of Hornblende Grains in the Matrix of Alpine Tills and Periglacial Deposits / R .D. Hall and R. E. Martin. - 7 Rates of Hornblende Etching in Soils on Glacial Deposits, Baffin Island, Canada / W. W. Locke. - 8 Rates of Mineral Weathering in the Wind River Mountains, Western Wyoming / W. C. Mahaney and D. L. Halvorson. - 9 Evolution of Iron Crusts in Tropical Landscapes / D.B. Nahon. - 10 Processes and Rates of Weathering in Cold and Polar Desert Environments / F. C. Ugolini. - PART III WEATHERING OF VOLCANIC ASHES AND DEPOSITS. - 11 Weathering of Holocene Airfall Tephras in the Southern Canadian Rockies / R. H. King. - 12 Controls on the Rates of Weathering and Clay Mineral Genesis in Airfall Tephras: A Review and New Zealand Case Study / D. J. Lowe. - 13 Rates of Weathering of 14C-Dated Late Quaternary Volcaniclastic Deposits in the Western United States / V. E. Neall and I. K. Paintin. - 14 Chemical Weathering of the May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens Ash Fall and the Effect on the Iron Creek Watershed, Washington / A. F. White and L. V. Benson and A. Yee. - PART IV RATES OF FORMATION OF ROCK-WEATHERING FEATURES. - 15 Levels of Time Information in Weathering Measurements, with Examples from Weathering Rinds on Volcanic Clasts in the Western United States / S. M. Colman. - 16 Weathering Rates in Granitic Boulders Measured by P-Wave Speeds / R. Crook, Jr. and A. R. Gillespie. - 17 Growth of Weathering Rinds on Torlesse Sandstone, Southern Alps, New Zealand / I. E. Whitehouse and M. J. McSaveney and P. L. K. Knuepfer and T. J. H. Chinn. - PART V HYDROCHEMICAL STUDIES OF RATES OF WEATHERING. - 18 The Mathematical Basis for Determining Rates of Geochemical and Geomorphic Processes in Small Forested Watersheds by Mass Balance: Examples and Implications / M. A. Velbel. - 19 An Estimate of Plagioclase Weathering Rate in the Idaho Batholith Based upon Geochemical Transport Rates / J. L. Clayton. - 20 The Use of Catchment Studies for Assessing Chemical Weathering Rates in Two Contrasting Upland Areas in Northeast Scotland / J. Creasey and A. C. Edwards and J. M. Reid and D. A. MacLeod and M. S. Cresser. - 21 Weathering Rates and the Chemical Flux from Catchments in the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A. / D. P. Dethier. - 22 Rates of Weathering and Erosion Derived from Mass Balance in Small Drainage Basins / T. Paces. - 23 Processes and Rates of Saprolite Production and Erosion on a Foliated Granitic Rock of the Virginia Piedmont / M. J. Pavich. - Index.

Note: Table of Contents: Copyright; Additional copies. - Foreword and acknowledgements. - Chapter 1. Cosmochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements: Condensation and Evaporation Processes / by William V. Boynton. - Introduction. - Meteorites. - Astrophysical context for interpretation of cosmochemical data. - Solar nebula. - Solar abundances. - Cosmochemical properties of the REE. - REE condensation reactions. - Activity coefficients. - Partial pressures. - Solid / gas distribution coefficients. - Why are the REE volatilities so different?. - Calculated REE patterns. - Early condensates. - Removing REE in the gas. - Comparison with meteoritic data. - Ultra-refractory component. - Group II inclusions. - FUN inclusions. - REE condensation as a function of oxygen fugacity. - Rims on CAI. - What have we learned from the REE?. - High temperatures were achieved in the solar nebula. - A very efficient mechanism for gas/dust separation existed in the solar nebula. - The high nebular temperatures existed for a long time. - A very intense, very brief, heat source also existed. - The solar nebula was a chaotic environment. - Summary. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 2. Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry of Rare Earth Elements / by P. Jonathan Patchett. - Introduction. - Long-lived radioactive isotopes of Rare Earth Elements. - 138La-138Ce decay. - 147Sm-143Nd decay. - 176Lu-176Hf decay. - Cemical variations of La/Ce, Sm/Nd and Lu/Hf ratios. - Geochronological studies. - La-Ce and Lu-Hf chronology. - Sm-Nd chronology. - Defining bulk planetary isotopic evolution. - Isotopic study of planetary interiors. - The Moon. - The Earth. - Nd isotopes in studies of terrestrial crustal evolution. - Model Nd ages of continental crust. - Growth curves for the continental crust. - Origin of granitoids. - Nd isotopes and the sedimentary system. - Characterization of whole crustal terranes. - Crustal Lu-Hf isotopic studies. - Major unsolved problems. - Continental crustal growth curve. - Abundance of Archean continental crust. - Origin of mantle isotopic variations. - References. - Chapter 3. Partitioning of Rare Earth Elements between Major Silicate Minerals and Basaltic Melts / by Gordon A. McKay. - Introduction. - Usefulness of the REE for petrogenetic modelling. - Scope of this chapter. - Caveat. - How partition coefficients are measured. - Phenocryst/matrix studies of natural samples. - Experimental measurement of partition coefficients. - Basic experimental approach. - Equilibrium. - Percent level doping technique. - Beta-track mapping technique. - Other experimental approaches. - Henry's law: The applicability of percent-level doping results. - Factors governing mineral/melt partitioning. - Ionic size and charge of trace element. - Crystal field effects. - Cristallographic versus defect sites: The Henry's law question. - Phase compositions. - Oxidation state. - Thermodynamic relationships: Dependence of partitioning on temperature and composition. - Other predictive approaches. - Special applications. - Eu as an oxygen fugacity indicator. - Origin of the Eu anomaly in lunar mare basalts. - REE partition coefficient patterns for the major minerals. - Plagioclase. - Olivine. - Pyroxene. - Low-Ca pyroxene. - High-Ca pyroxene. - Garnet. - Future directions. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 4. An Approach to Trace Element Modeling Using a Simple Igneous System as an Example / by Gilbert N. Hanson. - Introduction. - Review of trace element equations. - Melting. - Fractional crystallization. - Melting versus fractional crystallization. - Essential structural constituents. - Example of petrogenetic approach. - Discussion and summary. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 5. Rare Earth Elements in Upper Mantle Rocks / by W. F. McDonough and Fredrick A. Frey. - Introduction. - Massive peridotites. - Massive peridotites: dominantly lherzolite Western Alps - Lanzo. - Western Alps -Baldissero, Balmuccia. - Eastern Liguria, Italy. - Western Liguria, Italy. - Eastern Pyrenees - France. - Ronda, Spain Effects of late stage alteration on REE. - What can be inferred about the melting process and the segregated melts?. - Massive peridotites: pyroxenite layers and veins and their wall rocks. - Amphibole-bearing pyroxenite veins. - Anhydrous pyroxenite layers. - How were the pyroxenite layers created? Evidence for multistage processes. - Implications for mantle enrichment processes (metasomatism). - Massive peridotites: dominantly harzburgite. - Oceanic peridotites. - Ultramafic xenoliths. - Group I spinel peridotites. - Garnet peridotites. - Pyroxenite and related xenoliths. - Models for REE abundance trends in peridotite xenoliths. - Megacrysts, minerals in xenoliths and damong inclusions. - Megacrysts. - Minerals in peridotites and pyroxenites. - Inclusions in diamonds. - Summary: comparison of peridotites from massifs and xenoliths and implications of REE data for Upper Mantle composition. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 6. Rare Earth Elements in Metamorphic Rocks / by Richard I. Grauch. - Introduction. - REE residence in metamorphic rocks. - REE mobility during metamorphism. - REE content of metamorphic rocks. - Suggestions for future work. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 7. Rare Earth Elements in Sedimentary Rocks: Influence of Provenance and Sedimentary Processes / by Scott M. McLennan. - Introduction. - Rare earth element properties and sedimentary rocks. - Cosmochemical considerations. - Geochemical considerations. - Aqueous geochemistry. - Normalizing and notation. - Sedimentary processes. - Weathering. - Diagenesis. - Sedimentary sorting. - REE and provenance studies. - Sedimentary rocks and crustal abundances. - Sedimentation and plate tectonics. - Archean sedimentary rocks and the Archean crust. - Archean greenstone belts. - REE in sedimentary rocks and crustal evolution. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 8. Aqueous Geochemistry of Rare Earth Elements / by Douglas G. Brookins. - Introduction. - The trivalent lanthanides (Ln III). - Types of complexes in solution. - Hydrolysis products. - Phosphate complexes. - Carbonate complexes. - Halide complexes. - Complexes with total dissolved sulfur. - Gadolinium-Terbium fractionation?. - Scandium and Yttrium. - Europium (II). - Cerium (IV). - Eh-pH diagrams. - Cerium. - Europium. - Other lanthanides. - Lanthanides in ocean waters. - Lanthanides and actinides. - Concluding remarks. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 9. Rare Earth Elements in Lunar Materials / by Larry A. Haskin. - Introduction. - The nature of planet moon. - The magma ocean hypothesis and its presumed products. - Lunar REE patterns. - Highland plutonic rocks. - Anorthosites. - Durâtes, troctolites, norites, and gabbros. - Lunar felsite (granite). - Highland volcanic rocks: KREEP. - Mare basalts. - Mare basalt sources as magma ocean products. - Assimilation of crusted material during basalt petrogenesis. - Glassy spherules. - Soils and breccias. - Caveat. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 10. Compositional and Phase Relations among Rare Earth Element Minerals / by Donald M. Burt. - Introduction. - Geochemical background. - Minerals. - Coupled substitutions. - Vector treatment. - Application to selected mineral groups. - Fluorides. - Carbonates. - Fluorocarbonates. - Monazite, xenotime, zircon, and related phases. - Apatites. - Florencite and related phases. - A-B oxides (niobates, tantalates, titanates, ferrites). - Fergusonitelbetafergusonite, ABO4. - Perovskite, ABO3. - Aeschyniteleuxenite, AB2O6. - Pyrochlore, A1-2B2O6(O,F,OH). - Allanite. - Titanite. - Garnet. - Gadolinite. - Chevkinite/perrierite. - Element distributions: acid-base relations. - Summary. - Acknowledgemen

Note: Inhalt: I. Allgemeiner Teil. - 1. Abgrenzung der Bacillariophyceae. - 2. Terminologie. - 2.1. Glossar derTermini. - 3. Baustoffe und Struktur der Zellwand. - 4. Morphologie der Zellwand. - 4.1. Formtypen und Symmetrieverhältnisse. - 4.2. Morphologische Bautypen der Zellwand. - 4.2.1. Lochplattenkonstruktionen. - 4.2.2. Rippengitterkonstruktionen. - 4.2.3. Ein- und zweischalige alveolierte Rippensysteme. - 4.3. Wanddurchbrüche ohne Siebmembranen. - 4.3.1. Stigmata und Stigmoide. - 4.3.2. Apikale Porenfelder und sonstige Gallertporen. - 4.3.3. Lippen- und Stützenfortsätze. - 4.4. Raphen. - 4.4.1. Medianraphen. - 4.4.2. Kanalraphen. - 4.5. Längskanäle. - 4.6. Oberflächenstrukturen. - 4.6.1. Dornen, Verbindungsdornen, Borsten. - 4.6.2. Sonstige Oberflächenstrukturen. - 4.7. Teratologische Erscheinungen. - 4.8. Die Bauelemente des Zellgürtels. - 4.9. Innenschalen. - 4.9.1. Häutungen. - 4.9.2. Dauersporen. - 5. Fortpflanzung. - 5.1. Asexuelle Fortpflanzung (Vermehrung) und Formwechsel. - 5.2. Sexuelle Fortpflanzung - Auxosporenbildung. - 6. Euplasmatische Strukturen . - 7. Morphogenese der Zellwand. - 8. Fortbewegung. - 9. Verbreitung und Ökologie 9.1. Verbreitung. - 9.2. Ökologie. - 9.2.1. pH-Werte. - 9.2.2. Elektrolytgehalt. - 9.2.3. Sauerstoffsättigung. - 9.2.4. Toleranz gegen organische Abwasserbelastung. - 10. Methoden. - 10.1. Konservieren der Proben. - 10.2. Präparation des Rohmaterials. - 10.2.1. Trennung von anderen Bestandteilen. - 10.2.2. Entkalken und Ablösen von Pflanzen und anderen Substraten. - 10.2.3. Auswaschen. - 10.2.4. Beseitigung organischer Bestandteile. - 10.2.5. Aufbereitung von fossilem Material. - 10.2.6. Sonstige Methoden. - 10.3. Herstellung von Schalenpräparaten. - 10.4. Untersuchung der Diatomeen. - II. Spezieller Teil. - 1. Systematisches Konzept dieser Diatomeen-Flora. - 2. Klassifikation der Bacillariophyceae. - 3. Familie Naviculaceae Kützing. - 1. Navicula Bory. - 2. Stauroneis Ehrenberg. - 3. Anomoeoneis Pfitzer. - 4. Frustulia Rabenhorst. - 5. Amphipleura Kützing. - 6. Neidium Pfitzer. - 7. Scoliopleura Grunow. - 8. Dipfoneis Ehrenberg. - 9. Pleurasigma W. Smith. - 10. Gyrosigma Hassall. - 11. Cymbella Agardh. - 12. Amphora Ehrenberg. - 13. Gomphonema Ehrenberg. - 14. Gomphoneis Cleve. - 15. Didymosphenia M. Schmidt. - 16. Rhoicosphenia Grunow. - 17. Caloneis Cleve. - 18. Pinnularia Ehrenberg. - 19. Mastogloia Thwaites. - 20. Diatomella Grunow. - 21. Oestrupia Heiden. - 22. Entomoneis Ehrenberg. - Tafeln 1-206. - Namenverzeichnis.

Note: Zugleich: Berlin, Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR, Dissertation A, 1987 , Inhaltsverzeichnis: 0. Vorbemerkungen. - 1. Einleitung. - 2. Theoretische Grundlagen der gesteinsmagnetischen Anisotropieuntersuchungen. - 2.1. Suszeptibilitätsanisotropien in Mineralen. - 2.1.1. Magnetische Kristallanisotropie. - 2.1.2. Magnetische Formanisotropie. - 2.2. Suszeptibilitätsanisotropien in Gesteinen. - 2.3. Symmetriebeziehungen. - 3. Untersuchungsmethodik. - 3.1. Probenentnahme. - 3.2. Probenaufbereitung. - 3.3. Meßwertaufnahme. - 3.4. Meßwertbearbeitung. - 3.5. Fehlerbetrachtung. - 4. Gesteinsmagnetische Anisotropieuntersuchungen an Sedimentiten der Thüringischen und Subherzynen Senke und Magmatiten aus dem Südteil der DDR. - 4.1. Vorbemerkungen. - 4.2. Gesteinsmagnetische Anisotropieuntersuchungen in Sedimentiten. - 4.2.1. Genetische Klassifizierung der gesteinsmagnetischen Anisotropien. - 4.2.2. Anwendung der Methode auf Karbonate der Allertal-Grabenzone (Subherzyne Senke). - 4.2.2.1. Geologische Stellung 4.2.2.2. Ergebnisse der Anisotropieuntersuchungen. - 4.2.3. Anwendung der Methode auf Karbonate aus Randstörungen der Thüringischen Senke. - 4.2.3.1. Geologische Stellung. - 4.2.3.2. Ergebnisse der Anisotropieuntersuchungen. - 4.2.4. Diskussion der Ergebnisse. - 4.2.5. Schlußfolgerungen. - 4.3. Gesteinsmagnetische Anisotropieuntersuchungen an Magmatiten aus dem Südteil der DDR. - 4.3.1. Genetische Klassifizierung gesteinsmagnetischer Anisotropien in Magmatiten. - 4.3.2. Anwendung der Methode auf die Gesteine des Kirchberger Granits. - 4.3.2.1. Geologische Stellung. - 4.3.2.2. Diskussion der gesteinsmagnetischen Untersuchungsergebnisse. - 4.3.3. Anwendung der Methode auf die Gesteine des Meißener Massivs. - 4.3.3.1. Geologische Stellung. - 4.3.3.2. Diskussion der gesteinsmagnetischen Untersuchungsergebnisse. - 4.3.4. Schlußfolgerungen. - 5. Die Anisotropie der Suszeptibilität in den Ketamorphiten der Schirmacher-Oase (Ostantarktika). - 5.1. Vorbemerkungen. - 5.2. Genetische Klassifizierung gesteinsmagnetischer Anisotropien in Metamorphiten. - 5.2.1. Modellvorstellungen zum Orientierungsverhalten ferromagnetischer Minerale bei Deformation. - 5.2.2. Anisotropie der Suszeptibilität und Regionalmetamorphose. - 5.2.3. Anisotropie der Suszeptibilität und Dynamometamorphose. - 5.3. Petromagnetische und petrographisch/petrochemische Eigenschaften der Tektonite (Kataklasite, Mylonite, Blastomylonite) aus einer Störungszone der Schirmacher Oase. - 5.3.1. Geologisch-geophysikalische Übersicht. - 5.3.2. Strukturelle und stoffliche Untersuchungsergebnisse. - 5.3.2.1. Tektonische und petrographisch/petrochemische Ergebnisse. - 5.3.2.2. Zur Anisotropie der gesteinsmagnetischen Eigenschaften 5.3.2.3. Zur kristallographischen Anisotropie (Textur) des Magnetitanteils. - 5.3.3. Diskussion der Ergebnisse und Schlußfolgerungen. - 5.3.3.1. Parameterbeziehung zwischen den petrophysikalischen und stofflichen Ergebnissen aus methodischer Sicht. - 5.3.3.2. Geowissenschaftliehe Komplexinterpretation zur Kinematik der Störungszone. - 6. Anwendung gesteinsmagnetischer Anisotropieuntersuchungen zur Bewertung paläomagnetischer Meßergebnisse. - 6.1. Anisotropie beim Erwerb einer thermoremanenten Magnetisierung (TRM). - 6.2. Anisotropie beim Erwerb einer Sedimentationsremanenz (DRM). - 6.3. Schlußfolgerungen. - 7. Zusammenfassende Ergebnisdarstellung und Schlußfolgerungen für weiterführende Arbeiten. - Literatur.

Note: CONTENTS: PREFACE. - INTRODUCTION. - 1 DESCRIBING INVERSE PROBLEMS. - 1.1 Formulating Inverse Problems. - 1.2 The Linear Inverse Problem. - 1.3 Examples of Formulating Inverse Problems. - 1.4 Solutions to Inverse Problems. - 2 SOME COMMENTS ON PROBABILITY THEORY. - 2.1 Noise and Random Variables. - 2.2 Correlated Data. - 2.3 Functions of Random Variables. - 2.4 Gaussian Distributions. - 2.5 Testing the Assumption of Gaussian Statistics. - 2.6 Confidence Intervals. - 3 SOLUTION OF THE LINEAR, GAUSSIAN INVERSE PROBLEM, VIEWPOINT 1: THE LENGTH METHOD. - 3.1 The Lengths of Estimates. - 3.2 Measures of Length. - 3.3 Least Squares for a Straight Line. - 3.4 The Least Squares Solution of the Linear Inverse Problem. - 3.5 Some Examples. - 3.6 The Existence of the Least Squares Solution. - 3.7 The Purely Underdetermined Problem. - 3.8 Mixed-Determined Problems. - 3.9 Weighted Measures of Length as a Type of A Priori Information. - 3.10 Other Types of A Priori Information. - 3.11 The Variance of the Model Parameter Estimates. - 3.12 Variance and Prediction Error of the Least Squares Solution. - 4 SOLUTION OF THE LINEAR, GAUSSIAN INVERSE PROBLEM, VIEWPOINT 2: GENERALIZED INVERSES. - 4.1 Solutions versus Operators. - 4.2 The Data Resolution Matrix. - 4.3 The Model Resolution Matrix. - 4.4 The Unit Covariance Matrix. - 4.5 Resolution and Covariance of Some Generalized Inverses. - 4.6 Measures of Goodness of Resolution and Covariance. - 4.7 Generalized Inverses with Good Resolution and Covariance. - 4.8 Sidelobes and the Backus-Gilbert Spread Function. - 4.9 The Backus-Gilbert Generalized Inverse for the Underdetermined Problem. - 4.10 Including the Covariance Size. - 4.11 The Trade-off of Resolution and Variance. - 5 SOLUTION OF THE LINEAR, GAUSSIAN INVERSE PROBLEM, VIEWPOINT 3: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD METHODS. - 5.1 The Mean of a Group of Measurements. - 5.2 Maximum Likelihood Solution of the Linear Inverse Problem. - 5.3 A Priori Distributions. - 5.4 Maximum Likelihood for an Exact Theory. - 5.5 Inexact Theories. - 5.6 The Simple Gaussian Case with a Linear Theory. - 5.7 The General Linear, Gaussian Case. - 5.8 Equivalence of the Three Viewpoints. - 5.9 The F Test of Error Improvement Significance. - 5.10 Derivation of the Formulas of Section 5.7. - 6 NONUNIQUENESS AND LOCALIZED AVERAGES. - 6.1 Null Vectors and Nonuniqueness. - 6.2 Null Vectors of a Simple Inverse Problem. - 6.3 Localized Averages of Model Parameters. - 6.4 Relationship to the Resolution Matrix. - 6.5 Averages versus Estimates. - 6.6 Nonunique Averaging Vectors and A Priori Information. - 7 APPLICATIONS OF VECTOR SPACES. - 7.1 Model and Data Spaces. - 7.2 Householder Transformations. - 7.3 Designing Householder Transformations. - 7.4 Transformations That Do Not Preserve Length. - 7.5 The Solution of the Mixed-Determined Problem. - 7.6 Singular-Value Decomposition and the Natural Generalized Inverse. - 7.7 Derivation of the Singular-Value Decomposition. - 7.8 Simplifying Linear Equality and Inequality Constraints. - 7.9 Inequality Constraints. - 8 LINEAR INVERSE PROBLEMS AND NON-GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTIONS. - 8.1 L1 Norms and Exponential Distributions. - 8.2 Maximum Likelihood Estimate of the Mean of an Exponential Distribution. - 8.3 The General Linear Problem. - 8.4 Solving L1 Norm Problems. - 8.5 The L [Infinity symbol] Norm. - 9 NONLINEAR INVERSE PROBLEMS. - 9.1 Parameterizations. - 9.2 Linearizing Parameterizations. - 9.3 The Nonlinear Inverse Problem with Gaussian Data. - 9.4 Special Cases. - 9.5 Convergence and Nonuniqueness of Nonlinear L2 Problems. - 9.6 Non-Gaussian Distributions. - 9.7 Maximum Entropy Methods. - 10 FACTOR ANALYSIS. - 10.1 The Factor Analysis Problem. - 10.2 Normalization and Physicality Constraints. - 10.3 Q-Mode and R-Mode Factor Analysis. - 10.4 Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis. - 11 CONTINUOUS INVERSE THEORY AND TOMOGRAPHY. - 11.1 The Backus-Gilbert Inverse Problem. - 11.2 Resolution and Variance Trade-off. - 11.3 Approximating Continuous Inverse Problems as Discrete Problems. - 11.4 Tomography and Continuous Inverse Theory. - 11.5 Tomography and the Radon Transform. - 11.6 The Fourier Slice Theorem. - 11.7 Backprojection. - 12 SAMPLE INVERSE PROBLEMS. - 12.1 An Image Enhancement Problem. - 12.2 Digital Filter Design. - 12.3 Adjustment of Crossover Errors. - 12.4 An Acoustic Tomography Problem. - 12.5 Temperature Distribution in an Igneous Intrusion. - 12.6 L1, L2, and L [infinity symbol] Fitting of a Straight Line. - 12.7 Finding the Mean of a Set of Unit Vectors. - 12.8 Gaussian Curve Fitting. - 12.9 Earthquake Location. - 12.10 Vibrational Problems. - 13 NUMERICAL ALGORITHMS. - 13.1 Solving Even-Determined Problems. - 13.2 Inverting a Square Matrix. - 13.3 Solving Underdetermined and Overdetermined Problems. - 13.4 L2 Problems with Inequality Constraints. - 13.5 Finding the Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of a Real Symmetric Matrix. - 13.6 The Singular-Value Decomposition of a Matrix. - 13.7 The Simplex Method and the Linear Programming Problem. - 14 APPLICATIONS OF INVERSE THEORY TO GEOPHYSICS. - 14.1 Earthquake Location and the Determination of the Velocity Structure of the Earth from Travel Time Data. - 14.2 Velocity Structure from Free Oscillations and Seismic Surface Waves. - 14.3 Seismic Attenuation. - 14.4 Signal Correlation. - 14.5 Tectonic Plate Motions. - 14.6 Gravity and Geomagnetism. - 14.7 Electromagnetic Induction and the Magnetotelluric Method. - 14.8 Ocean Circulation. - APPENDIX A: Implementing Constraints with Lagrange Multipliers. - APPENDIX B: L2 Inverse Theory with Complex Quantities. - REFERENCES. - INDEX

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Vorwort. - TEIL I: MOSAIK DER FORSCHUNG. - Beiträge aus Geographie, Geologie, Geophysik und Mineralogie Grußwort zum Beginn der Geowissenschaftlichen Ringvorlesung im SS 1986 / Gerhard Rau. - Raum und Zeit in der Erzgenese / G. Christian Amstutz. - Edelsteine und ihre Nachahmungen als Objekte mineralogischer Forschung / Herrmann Bank. - Forschungen in Polargebieten / Dietrich Barsch. - Geotechnische Felsbeschreibung für den Aushub von Baugruben / Wolfgang Dachroth. - Der Abbau der organischen Substanz im Boden / Helmut Dörr. - Die Bedeutung der Flechten (lichenes) für die geowissenschaftliche Ökosystemforschung / Horst Eichler. - Silikate in Forschung und Technik / Walter Eysel. - Ergänzung topographischer Karten mit Hilfe der "Metric Camera" / Fritz Fezer. - Permokarboner Vulkanismus im südlichen Odenwald / Heiner Flick. - Die granitische Tafoni-Verwitterung / Gerhard Frenzel. - Natur und Gesellschaft in Afrika - unter dem Aspekt agrarer Tragfähigkeit / Werner Fricke. - Zeiten jungvulkanischer Aktivität im rheinischen Schild / Ursula Fuhrmann. - Abdichtung von Sonderabfalldeponien: Aufgaben für den Tonmineralogen / Dietrich Heling. - Die Eichung der geologischen Zeitskala / Jürgen C. Hess. - Trends der Urbanen Modifikation des Klimas / Heinz Karrasch. - Gefügekundliche Studien: Das Prinzip und seine Anwendung / Martin Kirchmayer. - Grundgebirge und geochemische Isotopie / Bernd Kober. - Mikrofazies, Diagenese und Bildungsraum oberjuras­sischer Schwamm-Algen-"Riffe" der Schwäbischen Alb / Roman Koch und Volker Schweizer. - Zur Geschichte der Kalisalzforschung in Deutschland in den letzten 50 Jahren / Robert Kühn. - Die Retentivität isotopischer Chronometer, Minerale als Stoppuhren geologischer Prozesse / Hans J. Lippolt. - Palökologie, Paläoklima und Tektonik im Tertiär Spaniens / Karl Ludwig. - Heidelbergs Einfluß auf die Geowissenschaften in Nordamerika 1864 -1911 / Julianne P. Mahler und Hermann W. Pfefferkorn. - Zeitmarken im miozänen und pleistozänen Ozean / Augusto Mangini. - Die Qualifiaktionsstruktur des Arbeitsplatz­angebotes nach der Einwohnerzahl des Arbeitsorts / Peter Meusburger. - Entwicklungsprojekte in Südamerika -Allgemeine Forschungsprobleme und Beispiele / Werner Mikus. - Lagerstättenforschung und Laborexperiment / Günter Moh. - Chemische Dekontaminierung - Ein Konzept zur endgültigen Entsorgung Schwermetall-belasteter Schlämme und Böden / German Müller. - Fossilien und Palökologie / Hermann W. Pfefferkorn. - Aus der Arbeit der Geographieam Südasien-Institut / Ulrich Schweinfurth. - TEIL II: EHREN-PROMOTIONEN IM JUBILÄUMSJAHR 1986 Geowissenschaftliche Ehrenpromotionen an der Universität Heidelberg / Hans J. Lippolt. - Laudatio auf Arno Semmel / Dietrich Barsch. - Geomorphologische Aspekte der Landschaftsnutzung in Süd-Brasilien / Arno Semmel. - Laudatio auf Gerald Friedman / German Müller. - Zum Festvortrag von Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. G. Friedman: "Problems of Dolostone Hydrocarbon Reservoirs" / Roman Koch. - TEIL III: DIE SEIT 1970 VON DER FAKULTÄT FÜR GEOWISSENSCHAFTEN FÜR DIE NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICH-MATHEMATISCHE GESAMTFAKULTÄT ANGENOMMENEN INAUGURAL-DISSERTATIONEN. - TEIL IV: DIE FAKULTÄT IM JUBILÄUMSJAHR 1986. - Die Erde als Ganzes und im Einzelnen - Die Fakultät für Geowissenschaften - Teilräume forschend erfassen / Hans J. Lippolt. - Auszug aus dem Personal- und Informationsverzeichnis der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg 1986: Fakultät für Geowissenschaften. - Die Zusammensetzung des Fakultätsrates im SS 1986. - Studentenstatistik der Fakultäts-Fächer. - TEIL V: ZENTENAR-AKTIVITÄTEN DER FAKULTÄT UND IHRER MITGLIEDER. - Beiträge aus der Fakultät zum Jubiläum / Hans J. Lippolt. - Das Paul-Ramdohr-Gedächtnis-Symposium / Günter Moh. - Die Ausstellung "Windrose & Südpol" / Dietrich Barsch. - Tag der Offenen Tür der Fächer und Institute / Reinhart Kraatz. - Der Tertiärgarten am Geologischen Institut der Universität Heidelberg / Karlfried Fuchs. - Tag der ehemaligen Studenten der Fakultät / Dietrich Heling. - Das 2. Neckar-Umwelt-Symposium / German Müller. - Der Gesellschaftsabend der Fakultät in Schriesheim / Wolfgang Herden und Stefan Huber.

Note: Contents: Preface. - Chapter 1 A global view. - Chapter 2 Thermodynamics of gases. - Chapter 3 The second law and its implications. - Chapter 4 Heterogeneous systems. - Chapter 5 Transformations of moist air. - Chapter 6 Hydrostatic equilibrium. - Chapter 7 Hydrostatic stability. - Chapter 8 Atmospheric radiation. - Chapter 9 Aerosol and clouds. - Chapter 10 Atmospheric motion. - Chapter 11 Atmospheric equations of motion. - Chapter 12 Large-scale motion. - Chapter 13 The planetary boundary layer. - Chapter 14 Atmospheric waves. - Chapter 15 The general circulation. - Chapter 16 Hydrodynamic instability. - Chapter 17 The middle atmosphere.

Note: Contents: Preface. - List of Symbols. - 1 Groundwater flow. - 1.1 Darcy's law. - 1.1.1 The limits of Darcy's law. - 1.1.2 Driving forces for groundwater flow. - 1.2 Crustal permeability. - 1.2.1 Permeability versus porosity. - 1.2.2 Heterogeneity and anisotropy. - 1.2.3 Scale dependence. - 1.2.4 Depth dependence. - 1.2.5 Time dependence. - 1.2.6 Some limiting values. - 1.3 Conceptualizing groundwater systems. - 1.4 The continuum approach. - 1.5 The groundwater flow equation. - 1.5.1 Conservation of mass. - 1.5.2 The storage term. - 1.5.3 Various forms of the groundwater flow equation Problems. - 2 Solute transport. - 2.1 Governing equations. - 2.1.1 Molecular diffusion. - 2.1.2 Advection. - 2.1.3 Mechanical dispersion. - 2.1.4 Mass balance equation. - 2.1.5 Chemical reactions. - 2.1.6 Initial and boundary conditions. - 2.2 Numerical solution techniques. - 2.3 Density-driven flow. - 2.4 Multicomponent diffusion. - 2.5 Multicomponent reactive transport. - 2.5.1 Rate-based reactions. - 2.5.2 Surface reactions. - 2.5.3 Homogeneous reactions. - 2.5.4 Heterogeneous reactions. - 2.5.5 Solution algorithms Problems. - 3 Heat transport. - 3.1 Governing equations. - 3.1.1 Choice of dependent variables. - 3.1.2 Statements of mass and energy conservation. - 3.1.3 A form of Darcy's law for two-phase flow of compressible fluids. - 3.1.4 Conductive heat flux. - 3.1.5 One-dimensional forms of the governing equations. - 3.1.6 Extending the governing equations to three dimensions. - 3.1.7 Assumptions. - 3.1.8 Fluid properties. - 3.1.9 Numerical solution. - 3.2 Initial and boundary conditions. - 3.3 Temperature-based formulations. - 3.4 One-dimensional groundwater flow. - 3.4.1 Steady vertical flow. - 3.4.2 Flow in a confined aquifer or fault zone. - 3.5 Dimensionless numbers. - 3.5.1 Nusselt number. - 3.5.2 Peclet number. - 3.5.3 Rayleigh number. - 3.6 Buoyancy-driven flow. - 3.7 Heatpipes Problems. - 4Regional-scale flow and transport. - 4.1Sources and sinks of fluid. - 4.1.1 Geologic forcing. - 4.1.2 Anomalous fluid pressures. - 4.1.3 Hydraulic fracturing. - 4.1.4 The Gulf Coast. - 4.1.5 Accretionary prisms. - 4.2 Regional-scale solute transport. - 4.2.1 Groundwater age. - 4.2.2 Large-scale dispersion. - 4.2.3 Evolution of regional groundwater chemistry. - 4.3 Regional-scale heat transfer. - 4.3.1 The conductive regime in sedimentary basins. - 4.3.2 Thermal effects of groundwater flow in sedimentary basins. - 4.3.3 Some case studies of sedimentary basins. - 4.3.4 An example from volcanic terrane. - 4.3.5 The stress-heat flow paradox of the San Andreas fault Problems. - 5 Ore deposits. - 5.1Mississippi Valley-type deposits. - 5.1.1 Evidence for regional-scale brine migration. - 5.1.2 The salt problem. - 5.1.3 Controls on ore deposition. - 5.1.4 Driving forces for fluid flow. - 5.1.5 The Irish MVTs. - 5.2 Sediment-hosted uranium. - 5.2.1 Redox control of uranium solubility. - 5.2.2 Tabular uranium deposits. - 5.2.3 Unconformity-type uranium deposits. - 5.3 Supergene enrichment of porphyry copper. - 5.4 Colombian emeralds. - Problems. - 6 Hydrocarbons. - 6.1 Maturation. - 6.1.1 The oil window. - 6.1.2 Groundwater flow and the thermal regime. - 6.2 Migration. - 6.2.1 Capillary effects. - 6.2.2 Primary migration. - 6.2.3 Secondary migration. - 6.3 Entrapment. - 6.4 Governing equations for immiscible multiphase flow. - 6.5 Case studies. - 6.5.1 The Uinta basin. - 6.5.2 The Los Angeles basin. - Problems. - 7 Geothermal processes. - 7.1 Crustal heat flow. - 7.1.1 Measurement. - 7.1.2 Lateral and vertical variations. - 7.1.3 Perturbations due to groundwater flow. - 7.2 Magmatic-hydrothermal systems. - 7.2.1 Magmatic heat sources. - 7.2.2 Heat transfer from magma to groundwater. - 7.2.3 Fluid circulation near magma bodies. - 7.2.4 Permeabilities in near-magma environments. - 7.3 Fluid flow and heat transport near the critical point. - 7.3.1 One-dimensional pressure-enthalpy paths. - 7.3.2 Two-dimensional convection. - 7.4 Multiphase processes. - 7.4.1 Phase separation. - 7.4.2 Vapor-dominated zones. - 7.4.3 Pressure transmission. - 7.4.4 Boiling point-depth curves. - 7.5 Hotsprings. - 7.6 Geysers. - 7.7 Geothermal resources. - 7.8 Ore deposits. - 7.9 Subsea hydrothermal systems. - 7.9.1 Importance to the Earth's thermal budget. - 7.9.2 Influence on ocean chemistry. - 7.9.3 Quantitative description. - Problems. - 8 Earthquakes. - 8.1 Effective stress. - 8.2 Coulomb's law of failure. - 8.3 Induced seismicity. - 8.3.1 The Rocky Mountain arsenal. - 8.3.2 Rangely,Colorado. - 8.4 Fluid pressures at seismogenic depths. - 8.4.1 Hubbert and Rubey. - 8.4.2 Irwin and Barnes model for the San Andreas. - 8.4.3 Byerlee and Rice models for the San Andreas. - 8.5 Earthquake-induced hydrologic phenomena. - 8.5.1 Stream flow and springs. - 8.5.2 Well behavior. - 8.5.3 Geysering. - 8.6 Effect of earthquakes on crustal permeability. - 8.6.1 Analysis of the Loma Prietacase. - 8.6.2 State-of-stress and the orientation of conductive fractures. - Problems. - 9 Evaporites. - 9.1 Evaporite formation. - 9.1.1 The marine evaporite problem. - 9.1.2 Groundwater inflow. - 9.1.3 CaCl2 brines. - 9.1.4 Magnesium depletion. - 9.1.5 Continental evaporites. - 9.1.6 Groundwater outflow. - 9.2 Bedded evaporites. - 9.3 Saltdomes. - 9.3.1 Variable-density convection. - 9.3.2 Caprock formation. - Problems. - 10 Diagenesis and metamorphism. - 10.1 Reaction-Flow coupling. - 10.2 Diagenesis of siliciclastic sequences. - 10.2.1 Diagenesis in sedimentary basins. - 10.2.2 Silica cementation by thermal convection. - 10.3 Diagenesis of carbonate platforms. - 10.3.1 Dolomitization. - 10.3.2 Mixing-zone dissolution. - 10.4Local-scale diagenetic features. - 10.4.1 Mechanochemical coupling. - 10.4.2 Geochemical banding. - 10.5 Metamorphism. - 10.5.1 The evidence for voluminous fluid fluxes. - 10.5.2 The nature of permeability in metamorphic environments. - 10.5.3 Contact metamorphism at Skaergaard. - 10.5.4 Low-pressure metamorphic belts. - Problems. - References. - Index.

Note: Zugl.: Köln, Univ., Diss., 1986 , Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract, Kurzfassung. - 1. Untersuchungsraum. - 2. Lage der Profile. - 3. Methoden. - 4. Forschungsgeschichte. - 5. Die Schichtenfolge im Helikon-Gebirge. - 6, Die Domvrena-Schichten. - 7. Perdikovouno-Schichten. - 7.1 Profil am Anadematisma. - 7.2 Profil am Perdikovouno. - 7.3 Profil am Korombili. - 7.4 Stratigraphie der Perdikovouno-Schichten. - 7.5 Ablagerungsraum der Perdikovouno-Schichten. - 7.6 Isotopenverhältnisse. - 7.6.1 Profil am Anadematisma. - 7.6.2 Profil am Perdikovouno. - 7.6.3 Profil am Korombili. - 7.7 Diskussion. - 8. Diakopi-Schichten. - 8.1 Profil am Diakopi. - 8.2 Profil am Süßwasserkanal bei Domvrena. - 8.3 Profil am Steinbruch von Domvrena. - 8.4 Stratigraphie der Diakopi-Schichten. - 8.5 Ablagerungsraum der Diakopi-Schichten. - 8.6 Isotopenverhältnisse. - 8.6.1 Profil am Diakopi. - 8.6.2 Profil am Süßwasserkanal bei Domvrena. - 8.6.3 Profil am Steinbruch von Domvrena. - 8.7 Diskussion. - 9. Vounalakia-Schichten. - 9.1 Profil am Vounalakia. - 9.2 Profil an der Tomatenfabrik. - 9.3 Stratigraphie der Vounalakia-Schichten. - 9.4 Ablagerungsraum der Vounalakia-Schichten. - 9.5 Isotopenverhältnisse. - 9.6 Diskussion. - 10. Makariotissa-Schichten 10.1 Profil am Süßwasserkanal bei Domvrena. - 10.2 Profil bei Makariotissa. - 10.3 Radiolarien aus dem Profil von Makariotissa. - 10.4 Profil an der Sphinx. - 10.5 Stratigraphie der Makariotissa-Schichten. - 10.6 Ablagerungsraum der Makariotissa Schichten. - 10.7 Isotopenverhältnisse. - 10.7.1 Profil am Süßwasserkanal bei Domvrena. - 10.7.2 Profil bei Makariotissa. - 10.7.3 Kalksteine mit Kieselknollen. - 10.7.4 Profil an der Sphinx. - 10.8 Diskussion. - 11. Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse. - 11.1 Profilaufbau. - 11.2 Isotopenkurven. - 11.3 Isotopenverhältnisse. - 12. Fossilienliste. - 13. Isotopendaten. - 14. Literatur. - Danksagung. , Zsfassung in engl. Sprache

Note: Table of Contents: The Dahlem Konferenzen / S. Bernhard. - Introduction / H. Oeschger and C. C. Langway, Jr. - Aerosol transport from sources to ice sheets / G. E. Shaw. - Mechanisms of wet and dry deposition of atmospheric contaminants to snow surfaces / C. I. Davidson. - The transformation of snow to ice and the occlusion of gases / J. Schwander. - Environmental records in alpine glaciers / D. Wagenbach. - GROUP REPORT. - How do glaciers record environmental processes and preserve information? / J. W. C. White, P. Brimblecombe, C. Brühl, C. I. Davidson, R. J. Delmas, G. Gravenhorst, K. O. Münnich, S. A. Penkett, U. Schotterer, J. Schwander, G. E. Shaw, D. Wagenbach. - Dating by physical and chemical seasonal variations and reference horizons / C. U. Hammer. - Dating of ice by radioactive isotopes / B. R. Stauffer. - Dating by ice flow modeling: a useful tool or an exercise in applied mathematics? / N. Reeh. - Physical property reference horizons / H. Shoji and C. C. Langway, Jr. - GROUP REPORT. - How can an ice core chronology be established? / W. F. Budd, J. T. Andrews, R. C. Finkel, E. L. Fireman, W. Graf, C. U. Hammer, J. Jouzel, D. P. Raynaud, N. Reeh, H. Shoji, B. R. Stauffer, J. Weertman. - Temporal variations of trace gases in ice cores / M. A. K. Khalil and R. A. Rasmussen. - Trace metals and organic compounds in ice cores / D. A. Peel. - The ionic deposits in polar ice cores / H. B. Clausen and C. C. Langway, Jr. - The impact of observed changes in atmospheric composition on global atmospheric chemistry and climate / P. J. Crutzen and C. Brühl. - GROUP REPORT. - What anthropogenic impacts are recorded in glaciers? / G. I. Pearman, R. J. Charlson, T. Class, H. B. Clausen, P. J. Crutzen, T. Hughes, D. A. Peel, K. A. Rahn, J. Rudolph, U. Siegenthaler, D. S. Zardini. - Past environmental long-term records from the Arctic / W. Dansgaard and H. Oeschger. - Long-term changes in the concentrations of major chemical compounds (soluble and insoluble) along deep ice cores / R. J. Delmas and M. Legrand. - Long-term environmental records from Antarctic ice cores / C. Lorius, G. Raisbeck, J. Jouzel, and D. Raynoud. - Studies of polar ice: insights for atmospheric chemistry / M. B. McElroy. - GROUP REPORT. - Long-term ice core records and global environmental changes / A. D. Hecht, W. Dansgaard, J. A. Eddy, S. J. Johnsen, M. A. Lange, C. C. Langway, Jr., C. Lorius, M. B. McElroy, H. Oeschger, G. Raisbeck, P. Schlosser. - List of participants with fields of research. - Subject index. - Author index.

Note: Contents: Preface. - PART I FUNDAMENTALS. - 1 Ordinary Differential Equations. - 1.1 Ordinary Differential Equations (definitions; introductory examples). - 1.2 Initial-Value and Boundary-Value Problems (definitions; comparison of local and global analysis; examples of initialvalue problems). - 1.3 Theory of Homogeneous Linear Equations (linear dependence and independence; Wronskians; well-posed and ill-posed initial-value and boundary-value problems). - 1.4 Solutions of Homogeneous Linear Equations (how to solve constant-coefficient, equidimensional, and exact equations; reduction of order). - 1.5 Inhomogeneous Linear Equations (first-order equations; Variation of Parameters; Green's functions; delta function; reduction of order; method of undetermined coefficients). - 1.6 First-Order Nonlinear Differential Equations (methods for solving Bernoulli, Riccati, and exact equations; factoring; integrating factors; substitutions). - 1.7 Higher-Order Nonlinear Differential Equations (methods to reduce the order of autonomous, equidimensional, and scale-invariant equations). - 1.8 Eigenvalue Problems (examples of eigenvalue problems on finite and infinite domains). - 1.9 Differential Equations in the Complex Plane (comparison of real and complex differential equations). - Problems for Chapter 1. - 2 Difference Equations. - 2.1 The Calculus of Differences (definitions; parallels between derivatives and differences, integrals, and sums). - 2.2 Elementary Difference Equations (examples of simple linear and nonlinear difference equations; gamma function; general first-order linear homogeneous and inhomogeneous equations). - 2.3 Homogeneous Linear Difference Equations (constant-coefficient equations; linear dependence and independence; Wronskians; initial-value and boundary-value problems; reduction of order; Euler equations; generating functions; eigenvalue problems). - 2.4 Inhomogeneous Linear Difference Equations (Variation of parameters; reduction of order; method of undetermined coefficients). - 2.5 Nonlinear Difference Equations (elementary examples). - Problems for Chapter 2. - PART II LOCAL ANALYSIS. - 3 Approximate Solution of Linear Differential Equations. - 3.1 Classification of Singular Points of Homogeneous Linear Equations (ordinary, regulär singular, and irregulär singular points; survey of the possible kinds of behaviors of Solutions). - 3.2 Local Behavior Near Ordinary Points of Homogeneous Linear Equations (Taylor series Solution of first- and second-order equations; Airy equation). - 3.3 Local Series Expansions About Regulär Singular Points of Homogeneous Linear Equations (methods of Fuchs and Frobenius; modified Bessel equation). - 3.4 Local Behavior at Irregulär Singular Points of Homogeneous Linear Equations (failure of Taylor and Frobenius series; asymptotic relations; Controlling factor and leading behavior; method of dominant balance; asymptotic series expansion of Solutions at irregular singular points). - 3.5 Irregulär Singular Point at Infinity (theory of asymptotic power series; optimal asymptotic approximation; behavior of modified Bessel, parabolic cylinder, and Airy functions for large positive x). - 3.6 Local Analysis of Inhomogeneous Linear Equations (illustrative examples). - 3.7 Asymptotic Relations (asymptotic relations for oscillatory functions; Airy functions and Bessel functions; asymptotic relations in the complex plane; Stokes phenomenon; subdominance). - 3.8 Asymptotic Series (formal theory of asymptotic power series; Stieltjes series and integrals; optimal asymptotic approximations; error estimates; outline of a rigorous theory of the asymptotic behavior of Solutions to differential equations). - Problems for Chapter 3. - 4 Approximate Solution of Noniinear Differential Equations. - 4.1 Spontaneous Singularities (comparison of the behaviors of Solutions to linear and nonlinear equations). - 4.2 Approximate Solutions of First-Order Nonlinear Differential Equations (several examples analyzed in depth). - 4.3 Approximate Solutions to Higher-Order Nonlinear Differential Equations (Thomas-Fermi equation; first Painleve transcendent; other examples). - 4.4 Nonlinear Autonomous Systems (phase-space interpretation; Classification of critical points; one- and two-dimensional phase space). - 4.5 Higher-Order Nonlinear Autonomous Systems (brief, nontechnical survey of properties of higher-order Systems; periodic, almost periodic, and random behavior; Toda lattice, Lorenz model, and other Systems). - Problems for Chapter 4. - 5 Approximate Solution of Difference Equations. - 5.1 Introductory Comments (comparison of the behavior of differential and difference equations). - 5.2 Ordinary and Regular Singular Points of Linear Difference Equations (Classification of n = ∞ as an ordinary, a regular Singular, or an irregular singular point; Taylor and Frobenius series at ∞). - 5.3 Local Behavior Near an Irregulär Singular Point at Infinity: Determination of Controlling Factors (three general methods). - 5.4 Asymptotic Behavior of n! as n → ∞: The Stirling Series [asymptotic behavior of the gamma function Γ(x) as x → ∞ obtained from the difference equations Γ(x + 1) = xΓ(x)]. - 5.5 Local Behavior Near an Irregular Singular Point at Infinity: Full Asymptotic Series (Bessel functions of large order; Legendre polynomials of large degree). - 5.6 Local Behavior of Nonlinear Difference Equations / (Newton's method and other nonlinear difference equations; Statistical analysis of an unstable difference equation). - Problems for Chapter 5. - 6 Asymptotic Expansion of Integrals. - 6.1 Introduction (integral representations of Solutions to difference and differential equations). - 6.2 Elementary Examples (incomplete gamma function; exponential integral; other examples). - 6.3 Integration by Parts (many examples including some where the method fails). - 6.4 Laplace's Method and Watson's Lemma (modified Bessel, parabolic cylinder, and gamma functions; many other illustrative examples). - 6.5 Method of Stationary Phase (leading behavior of integrals with rapidly oscillating integrands). - 6.6 Method of Steepest Descents (steepest ascent and descent paths in the complex plane; saddle points; Stokes phenomenon). - 6.7 Asymptotic Evaluation of Sums (approximation of sums by integrals; Laplace's method for sums; Euler-Maclaurin sum formula). - Problems for Chapter 6. - PART III PERTURBATION METHODS. - 7 Perturbation Series. - 7.1 Perturbation Theory (elementary introduction; application to polynomial equations and initialvalue problems for differential equations). - 7.2 Regular and Singular Perturbation Theory (Classification of perturbation problems as regulär or Singular; introductory examples of boundary-layer, WKB, and multiple-scale problems). - 7.3 Perturbation Methods for Linear Eigenvalue Problems (Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory). - 7.4 Asymptotic Matching (matched asymptotic expansions; applications to differential equations, eigenvalue problems and integrals). - 7.5 Mathematical Structure of Perturbative Eigenvalue Problems (singularity structure of eigenvalues as functions of complex perturbing Parameter; level crossing). - Problems for Chapter 7. - 8 Summation of Series. - 8.1 Improvement of Convergence (Shanks transformation; Richardson extrapolation; Riemann zeta function). - 8.2 Summation of Divergent Series (Euler, Borel, and generalized Borel summation). - 8.3 Pade Summation (one- and two-point Pade summation; generalized Shanks transformation; many numerical examples). - 8.4 Continued Fractions and Pade Approximants (efficient methods for obtaining and evaluating Pade approximants). - 8.5 Convergence of Pade Approximants (asymptotic analysis of the rate of convergence of Pade approximants). - 8.6 Pade Sequences for Stieltjes Functions (monotonicity; convergence theory; moment problem; Carleman's condition). - Problems for Chapter 8. - PART IV GLOBAL ANALYSIS. - 9 Boundary Layer Theory. - 9.1 Introduction to Boundary-Layer Theo

Note: Table of Contents: Preface. - Chapter 1. lntroduction. - Chapter 2. Basic Equations. - 2.1. Hydrodynamic and Thermodynamic Equations. - 2.2. Equations of the Mean Flow. - 2.3. Equations of the Eddies. - 2.4. Energy Balance. - 2.5. Vorticity and Divergence. - 2.6. Linearization. - 2.7. Eliassen-Palm Flux. - 2.8. Ertel Potential Vorticity. - 2.9. Diffusive Separation of Atmospheric Constituents. - 2.10. Spherical Harmonics. - 2.11. Hermite Functions. - Chapter 3. External Energy Sources. - 3.1. Solar Irradiance. - 3.2. Solar Heat Input into Upper Atmosphere. - 3.3. Solar Heat Input into Lower and Middle Atmosphere. - 3.4. Lunar Gravitational Tidal Energy. - 3.5. Solar Wind Energy. - Chapter 4. Internal Energy Sources and Sinks. - 4.1. Eddy Viscosity. - 4.2. Eddy Heat Conduction. - 4.3. Latent Heat. - 4.4. Newtonian Cooling. - 4.5. Rayleigh Friction. - 4.6. Ion Drag. - 4.7. Feedback between Large-Scale Eddies and Mean Flow. - Chapter 5. Horizontal Modal Structure. - 5.1. Separation of Variables. - 5.2. Eigenvalues of Laplace's Equations. - 5.3. Gravity Waves. - 5.4. Rossby- Haurwitz Waves. - 5.5. Kelvin Waves and Yanai Waves. - 5.6. Low Frequency Waves with Positive Eigenvalues. - 5.7. Class Il Waves of Wavenumber m = 0. - 5.8. Diurnal Tides. - 5.9. Dynamo Action of Tidal Winds. - 5.10. Rossby Waves Migrating within Mean Zonal Flow. - 5.11. Influence of Zonal Mean Flow on Rossby-Haurwitz Waves. - 5.12. Salutions of Inhomogeneous Laplace Equations. - Chapter 6. Vertical Modal Structure. - 6.1. Characteristic Waves. - 6.2. Vertical Wavenumber. - 6.3. Particular Salutions. - 6.4. Boundary Conditions. - 6.5. Normal Modes. - 6.6. Height Structure of External Waves. - 6.7. Directly Driven Circulation Cells. - 6.8. Indirectly Driven Circulation Cells. - 6.9. Height Structure of Internal Waves. - 6.10. Impulsive Heat Input. - 6.11. Ray Tracing of Rossby Waves. - 6.12. Mode Conversion. - 6.13. Baroclinic Instability. - Chapter 7. Nonlinear Wave Propagation. - 7.1. Nonlinear Coupling between Rossby- Haurwitz Waves. - 7.2. Analytic Salutions for Weak Coupling of Rossby-Haurwitz Waves. - 7.3. Rossby- Haurwitz Wave Coupling in Realistic Mean Flow. - 7.4. Homogeneous and Isotropic Turbulence. - 7.5. Space-Time Analysis. - 7.6. Nonlinear Normal Mode Initialization. - 7.7. Lorenz Attractor. - 7.8. Logistic Difference Equation. - 7.9. Multiple Equilibria. - Chapter 8. Tidal Waves. - 8.1. Seasonal Tides within Lower and Middle Atmosphere (m = 0). - 8.2. Quasi-Stationary Seasonal Waves (m 〉 0). - 8.3. Climatic Mean Flow. - 8.4. Seasonal Tides within Upper Atmosphere. - 8.5. Migrating Solar Diurnal Tides within Lower and Middle Atmosphere. - 8.6. Migrating Solar Diurnal Tides within Upper Atmosphere. - 8.7. Nonmigrating Solar Diurnal Tides. - 8.8. Lunar Tides. - 8.9. Electromagnetic Effects of Tidal Waves. - 8.10. Energy and Momentum Deposition of Solar Diurnal Tides. - Chapter 9. Planetary Waves. - 9.1. Extratropical Transients. - 9.2. Southern Oscillation. - 9.3. Forty-Day Oscillations. - 9.4. Transients in the Tropical Middle Atmosphere. - 9.5. Fluctuations of Atmospheric Angular Momentum. - 9.6. Sudden Stratospheric Warnings. - 9.7. Thermospheric Response to Solar EUV Fluctuations. - 9.8. Thermospheric Storms. - 9.9. Solar Activity Effects within Middle and Lower Atmosphere. - Chapter 10. Epilogue. - References. - Subject Index.

Note: Contents: Foreword. - Preface. - PART I. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. - Global scale circulations: a review. - PART II. OBSERVATIONS. - The life cycles of persistent anaomalies and blocking over the North Pacific. - On atmospheric blocking types and blocking numbers. - Observational characteristics of atmospheric planetary waves with bimodal amplitude distributions. - A case study of eddy forcing during an Atlantic Blocking Episode. - PART III. THEORY. - The effect of local baroclinic instability on zonal inhomogenities of vorticity and temperature. - Forcing of planetary-scale blocking anticyclones by synoptic-scale eddies. - Deterministic and statistical properties of Northern Hemisphere, middle latitude circulation: minimal theoretical models. - Probability density distribution of large-scale atmospheric flow. - Stationary planetary waves, blocking, and interannual variability. - PART IV. NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS. - Instability theory and nonlinear evolution of blocks and mature anomalies. - Numerical prediction: some results from operational forecasting at ECMWF. - Envelope orography and maintenance of the quasi-stationary circulation in the ECMWF global models. - Numerical forecasts of tropospheric and stratospheric events during the winter of 1979: sensitivity to the model's horizontal resolution and vertical extent. - Mechanistic experiments to determine the origin of short-scale Southern Hemisphere Stationary Rossby Waves. - SST Anomalies and blocking. - Index

Note: Table of Contents: CHAPTER 1: THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISOTOPES: Environmental Isotopes in Hydrogeology. - Stable Isotopes: Standards and Measurement. - Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. - Radioisotopes. - Isotope Fractionation. - Isotope Fractionation (a), Enrichment (e), and Separation (D). - CHAPTER 2: TRACING THE HYDROLOGIGICAL CYCLE: Craig's Meteoric Relationship in Global Fresh Waters. - Partitioning of Isotopes Through the Hydrological Cycle. - Condensation, Precipitation, and the Meteoric Water Line. - A Closer Look at Rayleigh Distillation. - Effects of Extreme Evaporation. - CHAPTER 3: PRECIPITATION: The T - d18O Correlation in Precipitation. - Local Effects on T - d18O. - Ice Cores and Paleotemperature. - CHAPTER 4: GROUNDWATER: Recharge in Temperate Climates. - Recharge in Arid Regions. - Recharge from River-Connected Aquifers. - Hydrograph Separation in Catchment Studies. - Groundwater Mixing. - CHAPTER 5: TRACING THE CARBON CYCLE: Evolution of Carbon in Groundwaters. - Carbonate Geochemistry. - Carbon-13 in the Carbonate System. - Dissolved Organic Carbon. - Methane in Groundwaters. - Isotopic Composition of Carbonates. - CHAPTER 6: GROUNDWATER QUALITY: Sulphate, Sulphide and the Sulphur Cycle. - Nitrogen Cycles in Rural Watersheds. - The "Fuhrberger Feld" Study. - Source of Chloride Salinity. - Landfill Leachates. - Degredation of Chloro-organics and Hydrocarbon. - Sensitivity of Groundwater to Contamination. - Summary of Isotopes in Contaminant Hydrology. - CHAPTER 7: IDENTIYING AND DATING MODERN GROUNDWATERS: The "Age" of Groundwater. - Stable Isotopes. - Tritium in Precipitation. - Dating Groundwaters with Tritium. - Groundwater Dating with 3H -3He. - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). - Thermonuclear 36Cl. - Detecting Modern Groundwaters with 85Kr . - Submodern Groundwater. - CHAPTER 8: AGE DATING OLD GROUNDWATERS: Stable Isotopes and Paleogroundwaters. - Groundwater Dating with Radiocarbon. - Correction for Carbonate Dissolution. - Some Additional Complications to 14C Dating. - 14C Dating with Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC). - Case Studies for 14C dating with DOC and DIC. - Chlorine-36 and Very Old Groundwater. - The Uranium Decay Series. - CHAPTER 9: WATER-ROCK INTERACTION: Mechanisms of Isotope Exchange. - High Temperature Systems. - Low Temperature Water-Rock Interaction. - Strontium Isotopes in Water and Rock. - Isotope Exchange in Gas-Water Reactions. - High pH Groundwaters-The Effect of Cement Reactions. - CHAPTER 10: FIELD METHODS FOR SAMPLING: Groundwater. - Water in the Unsaturated Zone. - Precipitation. - Gases. - Geochemistry. - References. - Subject Index. - Each chapter has Problems sections.

Note: Contents: Contributors. - Foreword. - Preface. - PART 1. NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION. - Medium-range forecasting at the ECMWF / Lennart Bengtsson. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The physical and mathematical basis for medium-range forecasting. - 3. Numerical methods and modeling techniques. - 4. Observations, their use and importance. - 5. Operational application and results. - 6. Problems and prospects in numerical weather prediction. - 7. Concluding remarks. - References. - Extended range forecasting / K. Miyakoda and J. Sirutis. - 1. Introduction. - 2. An evolution of 10-day forecast performance. - 3. Examples of monthly forecasts. - 4. A projection of seasonal forecasts. - 5. Postscript. - References. - Predictability / J. Shukla. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Classical predictability studies. - 3. Predictability of space-time averages. - 4. Some outstanding problems. - 5. Concluding remarks. - References. - Data Assimilation / W. Bourke, R. Seaman, and K. Puri. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Evolution of assimilation and the FGGE. - 3. Components of four-dimensional assimilation systems. - 4. Characteristics of some current Assimilation schemes. - 5. Role of four-dimensional assimilation in research and operations. - 6. Conclusion. - References. - PART 2. MESOSCALE DYNAMICS. - Predictability of mesoscale atmospheric motions / Richard A. Anthes, Ying-Hwa Kuo, David P. Baumhefner, Ronald M. Errico, and Thomas W. Bettge. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Classic predictability experiments and their relationship to mesoscale predictability. - 3. Preliminary predictability study with a mesoscale model. - 4. Discussion and comparison with a predictability study using a global model. - 5. Summary and conclusions. - References. - Thermal and orographic mesoscale atmospheric systems - an essay / Roger A. Pielke. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Summary of major research accomplishments. - 3. Research areas. - 4. Eventual goals. - References. - Advances in the theory of atmospheric fronts / I. Orlanski, B. Ross, L. Polinsky, and R. Shaginaw. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Baroclinic waves and fronts. - 3. Mature front. - 4. What observed features can be explained by theory?. - 5. What other processes are important in Frontogenesis?. - References. - PART 3. TROPICAL DYNAMICS. - Numerical modeling of tropical cyclones / Yoshio Kurihara. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Numerical models of hurricanes. - 3. Numerical simulation of tropcial cyclones. - 4. Some challenging issues in the future. - Appendix. GFDL Hurricane Model. - References. - Numerical weather prediction in low latitudes / T. N. Krishnamurti. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Initialization: dynamic, normal mode, and physical. - 3. Parameterization of physical processes. - 4. Medium-range prediction of monsoon disturbances. - 5. On the prediction of the quasi-Stationary component. - 6. Scope of future research. - References. - PART 4. TURBULENCE AND CONVECTION. - Sub-grid-scale turbulence modeling / J. W. Deardorff. - 1. Introduction: the need for grid-scale Reynolds averaging. - 2. The effect of grid-volume Reynolds averaging. - 3. The sub-grid scale Eddy Coefficient. - 4. Recent developments. - 5. Future outlook. - References. - Ensemble average, turbulence closure / George L. Mellor. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The turbulence macroscale and turbulence closure. - 3.Averaging distance for measurements in the atmosphere and oceans and for numerical models. - 4. Numerical modeling applications and horizontal diffusion. - 5. Concluding remarks. - References. - The planetary boundary layer / H. A. Panofsky. - 1. General characteristics. - 2. The equations in the PBL. - 3. The surface layer. - 4. First- and second-order closures. - 5. Boundary-layer models. - 6. Boundary-layer parameterization. - References. - Modeling studies and convection / Yoshi Ogura. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Bénard-Rayleigh Convection. - 3. Complexity of convection in the atmosphere. - 4. Shallow moist convection. - 5. Deep moist convection. - 6. Feedback effects of cumulus clouds on larger-scale environments. - 7. Concluding remarks. - References. - Index.

Note: Contents: List of workshop attendees. - Introduction. - Working Group Reports. - Evaluation of probabilistic prediction systems / O. Talagrand, R. V. Vautard and B. Strauss. - Prediction of the uncertainty of numerical weather forecasts: problems and approaches / Martin Ehrendorfer. - Transient and asymptotic error growth in time dependent flows / B. F. Farrell and P. J. Ioannou. - Accountability and internal consistency in ensemble formation / Leonard A. Smith and Isla Gilmour. - The structure of the Lyapunov vector / P. J. Ioanniou and B. F. Farrell. - 4DVAR and predictability / Kyle Swanson, Robert Vautard and Tim Palmer. - The use of adjoint methods for adaptive observations / Ronald Gelaro, Rolf H. Langland, Gregory D. Rohaly and Thomas E. Rosmond. - Predictability studies with FASTEX data using the ECMWF IFS / A. J. Thorpe. - On the relative merits of using an ensemble versus a single high resolution control forecast / Zoltan Toth and Yuejian Zhu. - Performance of the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System / T. N. Palmer, R. Buizza and F. Lalaurette. - Stochastic simulation of model uncertainties in the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System / R. Buizza, M. Miller and T. N. Palmer. - 3D-Var Hessian singular vectors and their use in the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System / J. Barkmeijer, R. Buzzia and T. N. Palmer. - Joint medium range ensembles from the UKMO and ECMWF models / R. E. Evans, M. S. J. Harrison and R. J. Graham. - Validation of ensemble prediction system using empirical orthogonal functions / Franco Molteni and Roberto Buizza. - An EPS for the short and early medium range / H. Hersbach, R. Mureau and J. D. Opsteegh. - The relative effects of model and analysis differences on ECMWF and UKMO operational forecats / D. S. Richardson.

Note: Introduction 1 Definitions 2 Historical Development of the Term Rockglacier 3 Rockglaciers: Description and Morphometry 3.1 General Description 3.2 Form Types 3.3 Morphometric Parameters 3.3.1 Rockglacier Sizes 3.3.2 Tongue-Shaped Rockg1aciers 3.3.3 Lobate Rockg1aciers 3.3.4 Rockglacier Thickness 3.3.5 Surface Relief 3.3.6 Rockglacier Surface and Source Area 4 Rockglacier Taxonomy 5 Rockglacier Distribution 5.1 General Information 5.2 Local Rockglacier Distribution 5.2.1 The Alps 5.2.2 The Mountains of Northern Europe 5.2.3 The Pyrenees 5.2.4 North American Mountains 5.2.5 The Andes of Central and South America 5.2.6 The Mountains of Asia 5.2.7 The Southern Alps 5.2.8 Antarctic Mountains 5.2.9 Conclusions 6 Rockglacier Material, Surficial Fabric and Internal Structure 6.1 Rock Type and Grain Size at and below the Surface 6.1.1 Rock Type 6.1.2 Grain Sizes at the Surface 6.1.3 Development of the Bouldery Mantle 6.1.4 Surface Fabric 6.1.5 Grain Sizes below the Bouldery Mantle 6.2 Internal Structure 6.2.1 Direct Information 6.2.1.1 Excavations, Outcrops, Tunnels 6.2.1.2 Smaller Boreholes 6.2.1.3 The Deep Borehole through the Rockglacier Murtel I 6.2.2 Indirect Information 6.2.2.1 Seismic Information 6.2.2.2 Geoelectric Soundings 6.2.2.3 Radio-Echo Soundings 6.2.2.4 Gravimetry 6.2.2.5 Borehole Geophysics and Related Measurements 6.2.2.6 BTS Measurements 6.2.2.7 Summary: The Inner Core of an Active Rockglacier 6.3 The Active Layer on Rockglaciers 7 Rockglacier Movement, Velocity, and Rheology 7.1 The Horizontal and Vertical Movement of Active Rockglaciers 7.1.1 Measurement Methods 7.1.2 Annual Horizontal Displacement 7.1.3 Long-Term Annual Averages 7.1.4 Long-Term Estimates 7.1.5 Longer Time Series 7.1.6 Monthly and Seasonal Measurements 7.1.7 Vertical Displacement 7.1.8 Conclusion 7.2 Geometry of Movement 7.2.1 The General Flow Patterns of Active Rockglaciers 7.2.1.1 Gruben Rockglacier 7.2.1.2 Macun Rockglacier 7.2.1.3 Arapaho Rockglacier 7.2.2 Horizontal Velocity on Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Profiles 7.2.3 Surface and Subsurface Velocity 7.3 Rheologic Considerations 7.3.1 Shear Stress and Strain Rates in Active Rockglaciers 7.3.2 The Rheological Description of Active Rockglaciers 7.4 Rockglacier Movement and Climate 7.5 Discussion of Rockglacier Movement 8 Rockglacier Genesis and the Relation to Similar-Looking Landforms 8.1 Rockglacier Genesis 8.1.1 The Formation of Active Rockglaciers 8.1.1.1 Talus Rockglaciers 8.1.1.2 Debris Rockglaciers 8.1.1.3 Special Rockglaciers 8.1.1.4 Problematic Cases 8.1.2 Inactive Rockglaciers 8.1.3 Relict (Fossil) Rockglaciers 8.2 Published Hypotheses of Rockglacier Formation 8.2.1 Mass-Movement Hypotheses 8.2.1.1 The Bergsturz Hypothesis in General 8.2.1.2 Landslide Influences 8.2.2 The Glacial Hypothesis 8.2.2.1 Debris-Covered Glaciers and Thermokarst 8.2.2.2 Transition from True Glaciers to Rockglaciers? 8.2.2.3 The Moraine Hypothesis 8.2.3 The Periglacial (Blockstream) Hypothesis 8.3 True Rockglaciers under Wrong Labels 8.3.1 The Ostrem Ice-Cored Moraine Concept 8.3.2 The Protalus Rampart Concept 9 The Age of Rockglaciers 9.1 The Age of Active Rockglaciers 9.2 The Age of Climatic Inactive Rockglaciers 9.3 The Age of Relict (Fossil) Rockglaciers 10 Rockglaciers and the High Mountain Environment 10.1 Active Rockglaciers and Mountain Permafrost 10.2 Rockglaciers in the Coarse Debris Cycle 10.2.1 Rockglaciers and Talus Production 10.2.2 Rockglacier Size and Source Area 10.2.3 Rockglaciers as a Debris Transport System 10.3 Rockglaciers and Climate 10.3.1 Rockglaciers and Present Climate 10.3.2 Relict Rockglaciers and Paleoclimate Reconstruction 10.3.3 Reactivation of Inactive or Relict Rockglaciers 10.3.4 Rockglaciers and Climatic Change 10.4 Rockglaciers in the Alpine Hydrological Cycle 10.4.1 Rockglaciers as a Water Store 10.4.2 Discharge from Rockglacier Permafrost 10.4.3 Fluctuations in Rockglacier Permafrost Storage 10.5 Rockglaciers as Hazards in Alpine Environments 10.6 The Environment of Active Rockglaciers 11 Summary and Outstanding Problems 12 References Index of Place Names Subject Index

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Contents: Preface. - Acknowledgements. - Publisher's Credits. - Part I Basic Concepts. - Chapter 1 Composition, Structure, and State. - 1.1 Composition of the Atmosphere. - 1.2 Composition of the Ocean. - 1.3 Pressure. - 1.4 Density. - 1.5 Temperature. - 1.6 Kinetic-Molecular Model of the Ideal Gas. - 1.7 Equation of State for Air. - 1.8 Equation of State for Seawater. - 1.9 Compressibility and Expansion Coefficients. - 1.10 Hydrostatic Equilibrium. - Notes. - Problems. - Chapter 2 First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. - 2.1 Work. - 2.2 Heat. - 2.3 First Law. - 2.4 Applications of the First Law to Ideal Gases. - 2.5 Entropy. - 2.6 Second Law. - 2.7 Equilibrium and the Combined First and Second Laws. - 2.8 Calculation of Thermodynamic Relations. - 2.9 Heat Capacity. - 2.10 Dry Adiabatic Processes in the Atmosphere. - 2.11 Adiabatic Processes in the Ocean. - Notes. - Problems. - Chapter 3 Transfer Processes. - 3.1 Time-dependent Thermodynamics. - 3.2 Radiant Energy. - 3.3 Radiative Transfer. - 3.4 Diffusive Transfer Processes. - 3.5 Turbulence and Turbulent Transport. - 3.6 Time-dependent Equations for the Ocean and Atmosphere. - Notes. - Problems. - Chapter 4 Thermodynamics of Water. - 4.1 Molecular Structure and Properties of Water. - 4.2 Thermodynamic Degrees of Freedom. - 4.3 Phase Equilibria. - 4.4 Atmospheric Humidity Variables. - 4.5 Colligative Properties of Water Solutions. - 4.6 Simple Eutectics. - Notes. - Problems. - Chapter 5 Nucleation and Diffusional Growth. - 5.1 Surface Tension. - 5.2 Nucleation of the Liquid Phase. - 5.3 Nucleation of the Ice Phase. - 5.4 Diffusional Growth of Cloud Drops. - 5.5 Ice Crystal Morphology and Growth. - 5.6 Formation of the Initial Sea Ice Cover. - 5.7 Formation of Sea Ice Transition and Columnar Zones. - Notes. - Problems. - Part II Applications. - Chapter 6 Moist Thermodynamic Processes in the Atmosphere. - 6.1 Combined First and Second Laws. - 6.2 Isobaric Cooling. - 6.3 Cooling and Moistening by Evaporation of Water. - 6.4 Saturation by Adiabatic, Isobaric Mixing. - 6.5 Saturated Adiabatic Cooling. - 6.6 The Ice Phase. - 6.7 Conserved Moist Thermodynamic Variables. - 6.8 Aerological Diagrams. - Notes. - Problems. - Chapter 7 Static Stability of the Atmosphere and Ocean. - 7.1 Stability Criteria. - 7.2 Stability of a Saturated Atmosphere. - 7.3 Processes Producing Changes in Stability. - Notes. - Problems. - Chapter 8 Cloud Characteristics and Processes. - 8.1 Cloud Classification and Characteristics. - 8.2 Precipitation Processes. - 8.3 Radiative Transfer in a Cloudy Atmosphere. - 8.4 Fogs, Stratus Clouds, and Stratocumulus Clouds. - 8.5 Cumuliform Clouds. - 8.6 Parameterization of Cloud Microphysical Processes. - Notes. - Problems. - Chapter 9 Ocean Surface Exchanges of Heat and Freshwater. -

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Contents Preface Symbols Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Scope of Micrometeorology 1.2 Micrometeorology versus Microclimatology 1.3 Importance and Applications of Micrometeorology Problems and Exercises Chapter 2 Energy Budget near the Surface 2.1 Energy Fluxes at an Ideal Surface 2.2 Energy Balance Equations 2.3 Some Examples of Energy Budget 2.4 Applications Problems and Exercises Chapter 3 Radiation Balance near the Surface 3.1 Radiation Laws and Definitions 3.2 Shortwave Radiation 3.3 Longwave Radiation 3.4 Radiation Balance near the Surface 3.5 Radiative Flux Divergence 3.6 Applications Problems and Exercises Chapter 4 Soil Temperatures and Heat Transfer 4.1 Surface Temperature 4.2 Subsurface Temperatures 4.3 Thermal Properties of Soils 4.4 Theory of Soil Heat Transfer 4.5 Applications Problems and Exercises Chapter 5 Air Temperature and Humidity in the PBL 5.1 Factors Influencing Air Temperature and Humidity 5.2 Basic Thermodynamic Relations and Definitions 5.3 Static Stability 5.4 Mixed Layers and Inversions 5.5 Vertical Temperature and Humidity Profiles 5.6 Diurnal Variations 5.7 Applications Problems and Exercises Chapter 6 Wind Distribution in the PBL 6.1 Factors Influencing Wind Distribution 6.2 Geostrophic and Thermal Winds 6.3 The Effects of Friction 6.4 The Effects of Stability 6.5 Observed Wind Profiles 6.6 Diurnal Variations 6.7 Applications Problems and Exercises Chapter 7 An Introduction to Viscous Flows 7.1 Inviscid and Viscous Flows 7.2 Laminar and Turbulent Flows 7.3 Equations of Motion 7.4 Plane-Parallel Flows 7.5 Ekman Layers 7.6 Developing Boundary Layers 7.7 Heat Transfer in Fluids 7.8 Applications Problems and Exercises Chapter 8 Fundamentals of Turbulence 8.1 Instability of Flow and Transition to Turbulence 8.2 The Generation and Maintenance of Turbulence 8.3 General Characteristics of Turbulence 8.4 Mean and Fluctuating Variables 8.5 Variances and Turbulent Fluxes 8.6 Eddies and Scales of Motion 8.7 Applications Problems and Exercises Chapter 9 Semiempirical Theories of Turbulence 9.1 Mathematical Description of Turbulent Flows 9.2 Gradient-Transport Theories 9.3 Dimensional Analysis and Similarity Theories 9.4 Applications Problems and Exercises Chapter 10 Neutral Boundary Layers 10.1 Velocity-Profile Laws 10.2 Surface Roughness Parameters 10.3 Surface Stress and Drag Coefficient 10.4 Turbulence 10.5 Applications Problems and Exercises Chapter 11 Momentum and Heat Exchanges with Homogeneous Surfaces 11.1 The Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory 11.2 Empirical Forms of Similarity Functions 11.3 Wind and Temperature Profiles 11.4 Drag and Heat Transfer Coefficients 11.5 Methods of Determining Momentum and Heat Fluxes 11.6 Applications Problems and Exercises Chapter 12 Evaporation from Homogeneous Surfaces 12.1 The Process of Evaporation 12.2 Potential Evaporation and Evapotranspiration 12.3 Modified Monin-Obukhov Similarity Relations 12.4 Micrometeorological Methods of Determining Evaporation 12.5 Applications Problems and Exercises Chapter 13 Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer 13.1 Sea-Surface Characteristics 13.2 Momentum Transfer to the Sea Surface 13.3 Parameterization of Air-Sea Exchanges 13.4 Mean Profiles in the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer 13.5 Turbulence over Water 13.6 Applications Problems and Exercises Chapter 14 Nonhomogeneous Boundary Layers 14.1 Types of Surface Inhomogeneities 14.2 Step Changes in Surface Roughness 14.3 Step Changes in Surface Temperature 14.4 Air Modifications over Water Surfaces 14.5 Air Modifications over Urban Areas 14.6 Building Wakes and Street Canyon Effects 14.7 Other Topographical Effects 14.8 Applications Problems and Exercises Chapter 15 Agricultural and Forest Micrometeorology 15.1 Flux-Profile Relations above Plant Canopies 15.2 Radiation Balance within Plant Canopies 15.3 Wind Distribution in Plant Canopies 15.4 Temperature and Moisture Fields 15.5 Turbulence in Plant Canopies 15.6 Applications Problems and Exercises References Index

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1989

Note: Teilw. zugl.: Heidelberg, Univ., Diss., 1994

Note: Zugl.: Kiel, Univ., Diss., 1986

Note: Einleitung: Paläoklima und aktuelles Klima / Jörg F. W. Negendank. - Prozesse im rezenten Klimasystem / Ernst Augstein. - Stabile Kohlenstoffisotope und Nährsalzgehalt des Südatlantiks im Spätquartär / Andreas Mackensen, Hannes Grobe, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten. - Klimainformation aus dem grönländischen Inlandeis / Sepp Kipfstuhl. - Die Quartärfolge der Großtagebaue Mitteldeutschlands als Klima-Archiv / Frank Wolfgang Junge, Tatjana Böttger, Achim Hiller. - See-Sedimente und Paläoklimarekonstruktionen / Bernd Zolitschka. - Einflüsse solarer Aktivität auf die Sedimentation in Maarseen / Heinz Vos, Ana Sánchez, Jörg F. W. Negendank, Bert Rein, Bernd Zolitschka. - Kohlenstoffisotope von Bäumen als Klimaindikatoren / Gerd. H. Schleser, Gerd Helle, Achim Bräuning. - Klimazustände und Klimaänderungen in der Vergangenheit / Peter Trimborn, Josef Lipp. - Klimazyklen, Erdkerndynamik und Schwerefeld / Horst Jochmann, Hans Greiner-Mai. - Wärme- und Wasserdampfaustausch zwischen Atmosphäre und Erdboden / Franz Fiedler, Gerhard Adrian, Aurelia Müller. - Wirkungen des Luftverkehrs auf das Klima / Robert Sausen, Michael Ponater, Ines Köhler, Sabine Brinkop. - Die Bedeutung des Wassers in der Atmosphäre / Erhard Raschke, Ute Karstens. - Klimaveränderungen und Kohlenstoffhaushalt / Uwe Franko und Burkhard Oelschlägel.

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einführung 1.1 Übersicht 1.2 Modernes naturwissenschaftliches Klimaverständnis 1.3 Modelle in der Klimaforschung 2 Klimarelevante Prozesse 2.1 Energie und Strahlung 2.1.1 Strahlung 2.1.2 Wärmetrausporte 15 2.1.3 Transport von Energie im Wasserkreislauf 2.2 Dynamik der Atmosphäre 2.2.1 Erzeugung von Bewegung 2.2.2 Vertikalstruktur der Atmosphäre 2.2.3 Allgemeine Zirkulation 2.2.4 Regionale Strukturen 2.2.5 Turbulenz 2.2.6 Aerosolpartikel 2.2.7 Wolken und Niederschlag 2.3 Zirkulation des Ozeans 2.3.1 Meeresoberflächenströmungen 2.3.2 Tiefenzirkulation 2.3.3 Wellen und Wirbel 2.4 Spurenstoffkreisläufe 2.4.1 Wasserdampf 2.4.2 Kohlendioxid 2.4.3 Methan 2.4.4 Stickstoffverbindungen 2.5 Kryosphäre 3 Natürliche Klimavariabilität 3.1 Jahres- und Tagesgang 3.2 Wetter 3.3 Interannuale Klimaschwankungen 3.3..1 ENSO-Phänomen 3.3.2 Nordatlantische Oszillation 3.3.3 Temperaturentwicklung seit 1900 3.3.4 Die Frage der Sonnenflecken 3.1 Homogenitätsproblematik 3.5 Historische Klimavariationen 3.6 Paläoklimatologie 3.6.1 Vereisungen 3.6.2 Klimarekonstruktion der Kalt- und Warmzeiten 3.6.3 Milanković-Theorie 4 Konzeptionelle Modelle 4.1 Klimazonen 4.2 Ein exemplarisches Energiebilanzmodell 4.2.1 Vereinfachte Bilanzgleichung für Energie 4.2.2 Diskretisierung 4.2.3 Schließung der Gleichung 4.2.4 Berechnungen: Integration 4.3 Physikalisch orientierte Modelle 4.4 Nichtlinearität und Chaos 4.5 Fluktuationen als stochastische Vorgänge 4.6 Wechselwirkungen verschiedener Prozesse 4.6.1 Gedämpftes System mit Störungen 4.6.2 Wirkung von positiven Rückkopplungen 5 Grundlagen von Strömungsmodellen 5.1 Grundgleichungen der Strömungs- und Thermodynamik 5.1.1 Zustandsvariablen 5.1.2 Gesetz der Massenerhaltung 5.1.3 Prinzip der Energieerhaltung 5.1.4 Impulserhaltung 5.1.5 Massenbilanzen für Beimengungen 5.1.6 Zustandsgleichungen 5.1.7 Zusammenfassung 5.2 Diskretisierung 5.2.1 Räumliche Diskretisierung 5.2.2 Zeitliche Diskretisierung 5.3 Parametrisierung und subskalige Prozesse 5.3.1 Schließungsproblem 5.3.2 Beispiel 1: Turbulenz 5.3.3 Beispiel 2: Konvektion und Wolkenbildung 5.3.4 Kritische Übersicht 5.4 Numerische Integration 6 Realitätsnahe Modelle des Klimasystems 6.1 Wettervorhersagemodelle 6.2 Modelle zur Klimasimulation 6.2.1 Methodik von Simulationen 6.2.2 Wechselwirkung von Atmosphäre und Ozean 6.2.3 Klimadrift und Flußkorrektur 6.2.4 Technische Details 6.2.5 Modellierung von Stoffkreisläufen und Biosphäre 6.3 Simulationen von Klimazuständen 6.3.1 Kontrollsimulationen des derzeitigen Klimas 6.3.2 Rekonstruktion von Paläoklimaten 6.3.3 Klimate anderer Planeten 6.3.1 Regionale und lokale Strukturen 6.4 Numerische Experimente mit Modellen 6.1.1 Zielsetzung 6.4.2 Wirksamkeit von Prozessen 6.4.3 Einschwingzeit der Atmosphäre 6.4.4 Sensitivität gegenüber Randbedingungen 6.5 Anwendung zur Klimavorhersage 6.5.1 Prognosen des ENSO-Phänomens 6.5.2 Großskalige Ölbrände in Kuwait 6.6 Beurteilung der Klimamodelle 7 Anthropogene Klimänderung 7.1 Übersicht 7.2 Emissions- und Konzentrations-Szenarien 7.2.1 Szenarien zukünftiger Emissionen 7.2.2 Erwartete Konzentrationen der Treibhausgase 7.3 Klimaszenarien realitätsnaher Modelle 7.3.1 Transiente Szenarienrechnungen 7.3.2 Ergebnisse eines exemplarischen Klima-Szenarios 7.3.3 Problem Kaltstart 7.3.4 2 x CO2-Simulationen 7.3.5 Informationswert von Szenarienrechnungen 7.3.6 Kritische Bewertung der Szenarien 7.4 Nachweis anthropogener Klimabeeinflussung 7.4.1 Zielsetzung 7.4.2 Natürliche Variabilität 7.4.3 Gewichtungsmuster und Nachweisvariable 7.4.4 Nachweis 7.4.5 Beurteilung 7.5 Lokale und regionale Szenarien 7.5.1 Hochaufgelöste Zeitscheibenexperimente 7.5.2 Regionalmodelle 7.5.3 Empirische Modelle 7.5.4 Implikationen 8 Klima und Gesellschaft 8.1 Übersicht 8.2 Historischer Überblick : gesellschaftliche Vorstellungen zum Einfluß von Klima 8.3 Klimafolgenforschung 8.3.1 Grundproblematik 8.3.2 Direkt beeinflußte Systeme 8.3.3 Indirekt beeinflußte Systeme 8.4 Ökonomische Aspekte des Klimawandels 8.4.1 Klimaänderung als Kostenfaktor 8.4.2 Ein zeitabhängiges Sechs-Komponenten-Modell 8.4.3 Beurteilung 8.4.4 Übersicht Klimapolitik 8.5 Vorstellungen von Klimawandel 8.5.1 Problemstellung 8.5.2 Natürliche Variabilität versus Kausalitätsdenken 8.5.3 Die Kempton-Studie 8.5.4 Soziale Interpretationsmechanismen 9 Résumé 10 Anhang 11 Literatur Stichwortverzeichnis

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS: Introduction and Summaries. - Brief summaries. - 1. Impact of Global Changes in the Arctic. - 2. Arctic Processes of Relevance to Global Systems. - 3. Natural Processes within the Arctic. - 4. Sustainable Development in the Arctic. - 5. Recent Project Ideas. - Other IASC Activities and Groups. - FULL PROJECT REPORTS. - Project Status Chart. - BASIS - Barents Sea Impacts Study. - BESIS - Bering Sea Impacts Study. - Effects of Increased Ultraviolet Radiation in the Arctic. - MAGICS - Mass Balance of Arctic Glaciers and Ice Sheets in relation to the Climate and Sea level changes (Working Group on Arctic Glaciology). - IASC-GCTE Arctic Working Group. - LOIRA - Land-Ocean Interactions in the Russian Arctic. - Sustainable Development- Caribou/Reindeer Grazing Systems. - Sustainable Use of Living Marine Resources in the Arctic. - Environmental and Social Impacts of Industrialisation. - International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean. - Contaminants and Human Health in the Arctic. - Rapid Cultural and Social Change in the Circumpolar North. - COASP - Cooperative Arctic Seismological Project. - ADD- International Arctic Environment Data Directory.

Note: Contents Foreword by Y. I. Chernov Introduction Explanations to tables Table 1: Distribution of the vascular plants within the Russian Arctic and adjacent territories Table 2: The main characteristics of the vascular plants within the Russian Arctic and adjacent territories Table 3: List of the weedy and adventitious vascular plants within the Russian Arctic and adjacent territories Conclusion Acknowledgements References

Note: Zugl.: Aachen, TH, Diss., 1995

Note: CONTENTS: Preface page. - Conventions and Notation. - Chapter 1. The Physical Properties of Fluids. - 1.1 Solids, liquids and gases. - 1.2 The continuum hypothesis. - 1.3 Volume forces and surface forces acting on a fluid. - Representation of surface forces by the stress tensor. - The stress tensor in a fluid at rest. - 1.4 Mechanical equilibrium of a fluid. - A body 'floating' in fluid at rest. - Fluid at rest under gravity. - 1.5 Classical thermodynamics. - 1.6 Transport phenomena. - The linear relation between flux and the gradient of a scalar intensity. - The equations for diffusion and heat conduction in isotropic media at rest, Molecular transport of momentum in a fluid. - 1.7 The distinctive properties of gases. - A perfect gas in equilibrium. - Departures from the perfect-gas laws. - Transport coefficients in a perfect gas. - Other manifestations of departure from equilibrium of a perfect gas. - 1.8 The distinctive properties of liquids. - Equilibrium properties. - Transport coefficients. - 1.9 Conditions at a boundary between two media. - Surface tension. - Equilibrium shape of a boundary between two stationary fluids. - Transition relations at a material boundary. - Chapter 2. Kinematics of the Flow Field. - 2.1 Specification of the flow field. - Differentiation following the motion of the fluid. - 2.2 Conservation of mass. - Use of a stream function to satisfy the mass-conservation equation. - 2.3 Analysis of the relative motion near a point. - Simple shearing motion. - 2.4 Expression for the velocity distribution with specified rate of expansion and vorticity. - 2.5 Singularities in the rate of expansion. Sources and sinks. - 2.6 The vorticity distribution. - Line vortices. - Sheet vortices. - 2.7 Velocity distributions with zero rate of expansion and zero vorticity. - Conditions for Δϕ to be determined uniquely. - lrrotational solenoidal flow near a stagnation point. - The complex potential for irrotational solenoidal flow in two dimensions. - 2.8 Irrotational solenoidal flow in doubly-connected regions of space. - Conditions for Δϕ to be determined uniquely. - 2.9 Three-dimensional flow fields extending to infinity. - Asymptotic expressions for ue and uv. - The behaviour of ϕ at large distances. - Conditions for Δϕ to be determined uniquely. - The expression of ϕ as a power series. - Irrotational solenoidal flow due to a rigid body in translational motion. - 2.10 Two-dimensional flow fields extending to infinity. - lrrotational solenoidal flow due to a rigid body in translational motion. - Chapter 3. Equations Governing the Motion of a Fluid. - 3.1 Material integrals in a moving fluid. - Rates of change of material integrals. - Conservation laws for a fluid in motion. - 3.2 The equation of motion. - Use of the momentum equation in integral form. - Equation of motion relative to moving axes. - 3.3 The expression for the stress tensor. - Mechanical definition of pressure in a moving fluid. - The relation between deviatoric stress and rate-of-strain for a Newtonian fluid. - The Navier-Stokes equation. - Conditions on the velocity and stress at a material boundary. - 3.4 Changes in the internal energy of a fluid in motion. - 3.5 Bernoulli's theorem for steady flow of a frictionless non-conducting fluid. - Special forms of Bemoulli's theorem. - Constancy of H across a transition region in one-dimensional steady flow. - 3.6 The complete set of equations governing fluid flow. - Isentropic flow. - Conditions for the velocity distribution to be approximately solenoidal. - 3.7 Concluding remarks to chapters 1, 2 and 3. - Chapter 4. Flow of a Uniform Incompressible Viscous Fluid. - 4.1 Introduction. - Modification of the pressure to allow for the effect of the body force. - 4.2 Steady unidirectional flow. - Poiseuille flow. - Tubes of non-circular cross-section. - Two-dimensional flow. - A model of a paint-brush. - A remark on stability. - 4.3 Unsteady unidirectional flow. - The smoothing-out of a discontinuity in velocity at a plane. - Plane boundary moved suddenly in a fluid at rest. - One rigid boundary moved suddenly and one held stationary. - Flow due to an oscillating plane boundary. - Starting flow in a pipe. - 4.4 The Ekman layer at a boundary in a rotating fluid. - The layer at a free surface. - The layer at a rigid plane boundary. - 4.5 Flow with circular streamlines. - 4.6 The steady jet from a point source of momentum. - 4.7 Dynamical similarity and the Reynolds number. - Other dimensionless parameters having dynamical significance. - 4.8 Flow fields in which inertia forces are negligible. - Flow in slowly-varying channels. - Lubrication theory. - The Hele-Shaw cell. - Percolation through porous media. - Two-dimensional flow in a corner. - Uniqueness and minimum dissipation theorems. - 4.9 Flow due to a moving body at small Reynolds number. - A rigid sphere. - A spherical drop of a different fluid. - A body of arbitrary shape. - 4.10 Oseen's improvement of the equation for flow due to moving bodies at small Reynolds number. - A rigid sphere. - A rigid circular cylinder. - 4.11 The viscosity of a dilute suspension of small particles. - The flow due to a sphere embedded in a pure straining motion. - The increased rate of dissipation in an incompressible suspension. - The effective expansion viscosity of a liquid containing gas bubbles. - 4.12 Changes in the flow due to moving bodies as R increases from 1 to about 100. - Chapter 5. Flow at Large Reynolds Number: Effects of Viscosity. - 5.1 Introduction. - 5.2 Vorticity dynamics. - The intensification of vorticity by extension of vortex-lines. - 5.3 Kelvin's circulation theorem and vorticity laws for an inviscid fluid. - The persistence of irrotationality. - 5.4 The source of vorticity in motions generated from rest. - 5.5 Steady flows in which vorticity generated at a solid surface is prevented by convection from diffusing far away from it. - (a) Flow along plane and circular walls with suction through the wall. - (b) Flow toward a 'stagnation point' at a rigid boundary. - (c) Centrifugal flow due to a rotating disk. - 5.6 Steady two-dimensional flow in a converging or diverging channel. - Purely convergent flow. - Purely divergent flow. - Solutions showing both outflow and inflow. - 5.7 Boundary layers. - 5.8 The boundary layer on a flat plate. - 5.9 The effects of acceleration and deceleration of the external stream. - The similarity solution for an external stream velocity proportional to x^m. - Calculation of the steady boundary layer on a body moving through fluid. - Growth of the boundary layer in initially irrotational flow. - 5.10 Separation of the boundary layer. - 5.11 The flow due to bodies moving steadily through fluid. - Flow without separation. - Flow with separation. - 5.12 Jets, free shear layers and wakes. - Narrow jets. - Free shear layers. - Wakes. - 5.13 Oscillatory boundary layers. - The damping force on an oscillating body. - Steady streaming due to an oscillatory boundary layer. - Applications of the theory of steady streaming. - 5.14 Flow systems with a free surface page. - The boundary layer at a free surface. - The drag on a spherical gas bubble rising steadily through liquid. - The attenuation of gravity waves. - 5.15 Examples of use of the momentum theorem. - The force on a regular array of bodies in a stream. - The effect of a sudden enlargement of a pipe. - Chapter 6. Irrotational Flow Theory and its Applications. - 6.1 The role of the theory of flow of an inviscid fluid. - 6.2 General properties of irrotational flow. - Integration of the equation of motion. - Expressions for the kinetic energy in terms of surface integrals. - Kelvin's minimum energy theorem. - Positions of a maximum of q and a minimum of p. - Local variation of the velocity magnitude. - 6.3 Steady flow : some applications of Bernoulli's theorem and the momentum theorem. - Efflux from a circular orifice in an open vessel. - Flow over a weir. - Jet of liquid impinging on a plane wall. - lrro

Note: Table of Contents: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. - PREFACE. - FOREWORD. - INTRODUCTION. - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. - HUMAN HEALTH. - SOCIAL SCIENCE. - AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS. - TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS. - PART 1. THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE. - OZONE DEPLETION AND INCIDENT UV -B RADIATION IN THE ARCTIC. - EFFECTS OF UV-B RADIATION ON HUMAN SKIN AND IMMUNE SYSTEM. - EFFECTS OF UV-B RADIATION ON THE HUMAN EYE. - SOCIAL SCIENCE. - EFFECTS OF UV-B ON AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS. - EFFECTS OF UV-B ON TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS. - REFERENCES. - PART 2. A RESEARCH IMPLEMENTATION PLAN. - FOCUS 1. IMPACTS OF INCREASED UV-B ON HUMAN HEALTH OF ARCTIC POPULATIONS. - Activity 1.1 - UV-B exposure of the Arctic population. - EFFECTS OF UV-B RADIATION ON HUMAN SKIN AND IMMUNE SYSTEM. - Activity 1.2 - The effects of UV-B on skin of the Arctic population. - Activity 1.3 - Photoprotective adaptive responses to UV -B radiation in the Arctic. - Activity 1.4 - The effects of solar UV-B on the immune system of the Arctic population. - Activity 1.5 - The interaction of pollutants, dietary factors and UV-B radiation on human health in the Arctic. - EFFECTS OF UV-B RADIATION ON THE HUMAN EYE. - Activity 1.6 - A population based study of possible UV-B-related eye diseases. - Activity 1.7-A monitoring system for specific eye diseases which may be attributable to UV-B. - Activity 1.8 - Collection of extended information on UV-B transmission within the human eye. - Activity 1.9 - Evaluation of the UV-B-protective quality of sunglasses currently marketed in the Arctic. - RISK COMMUNICATION. - Activity 1.1 0 - Evaluation of UV -B mediated health risks in Arctic populations. - Activity 1.11 - Residents' knowledge about UV-B. - Activity 1.12 - Lifestyle and UV-B. - Activity 1.13 - Interaction studies between UV-B radiation, dietary factors and pollutants. - Activity 1.14 - Dissemination of information obtained in the above mentioned activities. - FOCUS 2. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH. - Activity 2.1 - An integrated assessment of the impacts of increased UV-B radiation on the Arctic. - Activity 2.2 - Investigation of local knowlege of the impacts of UV-B radiation on the environment. - Activity 2.3- Investigation of local knowledge of UV-B mitigation strategies. - Activity 2.4 - Investigation of other potential sources of information on UV-B radiation. - Activity 2.5 - Examination of the socio-economic impacts of increased UV -B radiation on the Arctic. - Activity 2.6 - An examination of second order health effects. - Activity 2.7 - studies of Arctic residents' perception of the risks from increased UV-B radiation. - Activity 2.8 - Studies of the perception of the risks from increased UV-B radiation on the Arctic. - Activity 2.9 - Production of educational materials for Arctic residents, organizations, and governments. - FOCUS 3. EFFECTS OF UV-B ON AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS. - Activity 3.1 - Quantification of the time and space scales of UV-B radiation change and alterations in UV-B: UV-A: PAR spectral balance in diverse Arctic aquatic ecosystems. - Activity 3.2 - Influence of UV-B on biogeochemical processes in a range of different aquatic environments from wetlands to the open ocean. - Activity 3.3 - Influence of enhanced UV-B on structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. - Activity 3.4 - Studies of responses of dominant species and taxa of the various ecosystems to enhanced UV-B radiation in spring. - Activity 3.5 - Impact of enhanced UV-B radiation on economically important organisms in the context of their life cycles and recruitment mechanisms. - Activity 3.6 - Conceptual and predictive models. - FOCUS 4: EFFECTS OF UV-B ON TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS. - Activity 4.1 - UV-B and primary production. - Activity 4.2 - UV-B radiation, plant structure and allocation changes. - Activity 4.3 - UV-B and plant life history changes. - Activity 4.4 - UV-B and plant chemical composition. - Activity 4.5 - UV-B, vertebrate and invertebrate consumers and microbial decomposers. - Activity 4.6 - Colonizer plant and microbial community level effects. - Activity 4.7 - Evolutionary responses to UV-B. - Activity 4.8 - Implications of UV -B impacts on Arctic terrestrial ecosystems for human welfare. - REFERENCES. - APPENDIX 1.1 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS.

Note: CONTENTS Geology and Structure of the Ross Sea Region / F. J. Davey Recording and Processing Procedures for Multichannel Seismic-Reflection Data Collected in the Western Ross Sea, Antarctica / S. V. Dadisman, H. F. Ryan, D. M. Mann Seismic Stratigraphy and Structure of the Victoria Land Basin, Western Ross Sea, Antarctica / A. K. Cooper, F. J. Davey, J. C. Behrendt Extent and Nature of Ross Sea Unconformity in the Western Ross Sea, Antarctica / H. A. Karl, E. Reimnitz, B. D. Edwards Structure of Extensionally Rifted Crust Beneath the Western Ross Sea and lselin Bank, Antarctica, from Sonobuoy Seismic Data / A. K. Cooper, F. J. Davey, G. R. Cochrane Gravity Studies of the Victoria Land Basin and lselin Bank / F. J. Davey, A. K. Cooper The Antarctic Continental Margin Magnetic Gradiometer Data: Suppression of Time Variations / R. O. Hansen, J. R. Childs Interpretation of Marine Magnetic Gradiometer and Multichannel Seismic-Reflection Observations over the Western Ross Sea Shelf, Antarctica / J.C. Behrendt, A. K. Cooper, A. Yuan Heat Flow and Tectonics in the Western Ross Sea, Antarctica / D. K. Blackman, R. P. Von Herzen, L. A. Lawver Geology and Physical Properties of Ross Sea, Antarctica, Continental Shelf Sediment / B. D. Edwards, H. J. Lee, H. A. Karl, E. Reimnitz, L. A. Timothy Hydrocarbon Geochemistry of Sediments Offshore from Antarctica / J. B. Rapp, K. A. Kvenvolden, M. Golan-Bae Diatoms from the 1984 USGS Antarctic Cruise in the Ross Sea / J. A. Barron, L. H. Burckle Petrography of Rock Samples Dredged from lselin Bank, Ross Sea, Antarctica / F. L. Wong, P. J. Barrett, J. Gamble, D. G. Howell

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Vorwort. - 1 Einführung. - 1.1 Vegetationskundliche Arbeitsverfahren. - 1.2 Entwicklung und Stand der vegetationskundlichen Forschung in Nordeuropa. - 1.3 Naturräumliche Abgrenzung und Ausstattung Nordeuropas. - 1.3.1 Meere. - 1.3.2 Geologie, Geomorphologie. - 1.3.2.1 Das Ausgangsgestein. - 1.3.2.2 Die quartären Vereisungen. - 1.3.2.3 Geomorphologische Ausgestaltung der Landschaft. - 1.3.2.4 Böden. - 1.3.3 Klima. - Literatur. - 2 Biogeographische Regionen. - 2.1 Vegetationszonen. - 2.2 Höhenstufen. - 2.3 Ozeanitätsgefälle. - Literatur. - 3 Die heutige Flora und ihre Herkunft - Überlegungen zur Überwinterungshypothese. - 3.1 Vereisungsrückgang in Fennoskandien und Rückwanderungsmöglichkeiten aus dem Süden. - 3.2 Zur Lage möglicher Refugialgebiete. - 3.3 Geologische Aspekte. - 3.4 Long Distance Dispersal?. - 3.5 Vegetationsentwicklung auf den Færøer. - 3.6 Die Entwicklung der isländischen Flora. - 3.7 Die Entwicklung der Flora Spitzbergens. - Literatur. - 4 Vorgeschichtliche und geschichtliche Entwicklung der Landnutzung. - Literatur. - 5 Wälder. - 5.1 Bestimmende Faktoren für Wald- und Baumgrenzen. - 5.1.1 Klimatische Waldgrenzen. - 5.1.2 Ökophysiologische Ursachen von Waldgrenzen. - 5.1.3 Phytophage Insekten. - 5.1.4 Anthropogene Waldgrenzendepressionen. - 5.2 Nacheiszeitliche Waldentwicklung. - 5.3 Adaptationen und Ökologie wichtiger waldbildender Gehölze. - 5.4 Lebensbedingungen in der Kraut- und Kryptogamenschicht. - 5.5 Waldgesellschaften. - 5.5.1 Birkenwälder. - 5.5.1.1 Der nordboreal-subalpine Birkenwald. - 5.5.1.2 Maritime Birkenwälder entlang der norwegischen Westküste. - 5.5.2 Der boreale Nadelwald (Kl. Vaccinio-Piceetea, Pulsatillo-Pinetea). - 5.5.2.1 Kiefern-beherrschte Wälder. - 5.5.2.2 Fichten-beherrschte Wälder. - 5.5.3 Laubwälder der temperaten und Laubmischwälder der hemiborealen Zone. - 5.5.3.1 Buchenwälder nährstoffreicher Böden. - 5.5.3.2 Buchen- und Eichen-beherrschte Wälder bodensaurer Standorte. - 5.5.3.3 Linden-Ahorn-Wälder. - 5.5.3.4 Erlen-Eschen-Ulmen-Wälder Grundwasser-naher Standorte. - 5.5.4 Weidenauen und Bruchwälder. - 5.5.4.1 Initiale Gehölzvegetation der Flußauen (Kl. Salicetea purpureae). - 5.5.4.2 Erlen- und Strauchweiden-Bruchwälder (Kl. Alnetea gentinosa). - 5.6 Ökosystemare Untersuchungen an Wäldern. - 5.7 Waldbau und Waldschäden. - 5.7.1 Neuartige Waldschäden. - 5.7.2. - Waldzerstörung infolge Überweidung und Erosion. - 5.8 Waldreservate und Naturschutz. - Literatur. - 6 Gewässer-und Ufervegetation. - 6.1 Seentypen und ihre Entwicklung. - 6.2 Quellen und Fließgewässer. - 6.3 Kleingewässer. - 6.4 Adaptationen und Autökologie von Wasser- und Uferpflanzen. - 6.5 Standörtliche Gliederung. - 6.6 Vegetation der Binnengewässer und ihrer Ufer. - 6.6.1 Pleustophytengemeinschaften, Wasserlinsen-Decken (Kl. Lemnetea minoris). - 6.6.2 Characeen-Grundrasen (Kl. Charetea fragilis). - 6.6.3 Laichkraut-Gesellschaften (KI. Potamogetonetea pectinati). - 6.6.4 Strandling-Gesellschaften (Kl. Littorelletea uniflorae). - 6.6.5 Wasserschlauch-Gesellschaften (Kl. Utricularietea intermediominoris). - 6.6.6 Zwergbinsen-Gemeinschaften auf zeitweilig trockenfallenden Uferstreifen (Kl. Isoeto-Nanojuncetea). - 6.6.7 Nitrophytische Spülsaumgesellschaften an Ufern von Binnengewässern (Kl. Bidentetea tripartiti). - 6.6.8 Quellflur-Gesellschaften (KI. Montio-Cardaminetea amarae). - 6.6.9 Röhrichte und Großseggen-Rieder (KI. Phragmiti-Magnocaricetea). - 6.7 Biozönologische und Ökosystemare Aspekte. - 6.7.1 Kohlenstoff- und Nährstoffdynamik. - 6.7.2 Kennzeichnung von Seentypen nach Makrophyten-Vegetationskomplexen. - 6.8 Nutzung, Gefahrdung und Schutz. - 6.8.1 Versauerung. - 6.8.2 Eutrophierung. - 6.8.3 Talsperren zur Energiegewinnung. - 6.8.4 Seensanierungen. - 6.8.5 Gewässermakrophyten als Biofilter. - Literatur. - 7 Moore. - 7.1 Moorbildung. - 7.1.1 Allgemeine Prozesse einer autogenen Moorbildung. - 7.1.2 Produktion und Zersetzung von Torfen. - 7.2 Klassifikation von Mooren. - 7.2.1 Hydrologisch-entwicklungsgeschichtliche Moortypen. - 7.2.2 Moortypen in Skandinavien. - 7.3 Paläoökologie und Entwicklung skandinavischer Moore. - 7.3.1 Entwicklung der Moorsysteme. - 7.3.2 Ausformung der Oberflächenstrukturen. - 7.4 Wesentliche Standortfaktoren. - 7.4.1 Wasserhaushalt. - 7.4.1.1 Einnischung von Moosen auf Wasserstufen. - 7.4.1.2 Der Wurzelraum der Gefäßpflanzen. - 7.4.2 Nährstoffversorgung und Azidität. - 7.4.3 Mikroklima. - 7.4.4 Abbauprozesse. - 7.4.5 Biotische Faktoren. - 7.5 Vegetation der Moore. - 7.5.1 Synusien, Assoziationen, Gesellschaftskomplexe - ein Überblick . - 7.5.2 Sauergras-beherrschte Moor-Gesellschaften (Kl. Scheuchzerio - Cariccteanigrae). - 7.5.3 Zwergstraueh-beherrschte Gesellschaften mäßig nasser, saurer Moorstandorte (Kl. Oxycocco-Sphagnetea). - 7.6 Vegetationskomplexe der Moore. - 7.7 Moore als Ökosysteme. - 7.8 Nutzung, Gefährdung, Schutz. - 7.9 Moorrestitution. - Literatur. - 8 Küstenvegetation. - 8.1 Küstenformen und ihre Genese. - 8.1.1 Salzrasen. - 8.1.2 Dünen. - 8.2 Adaptationen der bezeichnenden Arten und standörtliche Gliederung. - 8.2.1 Spülsäume und Dünen. - 8.2.2 Salzrasen. - 8.2.2.1 Überflutungshäufigkeit und -dauer. - 8.2.2.2 Salinität. - 8.2.2.3 Zur Dynamik von Salzmarschen: Akkumulation und Erosion. - 8.2.2.4 Beweidung. - 8.2.2.5 Nährstoffdynamik und Produktivität. - 8.3 Küstenvegetation im Landhebungsbereich des Bottnischen Meerbusens. - 8.4 Vegetationsgliederung. - 8.4.1 Seegras-Rasen (KI. Zosteretea). - 8.4.2 Queller-Fluren (Kl. Thero-Salicornietea). - 8.4.3 Schlickgras-Bestände (Kl. Spartinetea). - 8.4.4 Meersenf-Spülsaumgesellschaften (Kl. Cakiletea maritimae) . - 8.4.5 Strandhafer-Dünengesellschaften (KI. Ammophiletea arenariae). - 8.4.6 Strandroggen-Gesellschaften (Kl. Honckenyo-Elymetea arenariae). - 8.4.7 Salzrasen-Gesellschaften (Kl. Juncetea maritimi) . - 8.4.8 Vegetation der Felsküsten. - 8.5 Nutzung und Naturschutz. - Literatur. - 9 Vegetation der alpinen Stufe und der Arktis. - 9.1 Adaptationen und Autökologie bezeichnender Arten der alpinen und arktischen Flora. - 9.2 Vegetationsbestimmende Standortfaktoren. - 9.2.1 Wirkung des Windes und Schneeschutz. - 9.2.2 Strahlung und Temperaturen. - 9.2.3 Frostwechsel . - 9.2.4 Nährstoffverfügbarkeit. - 9.2.5 Wasserhaushalt. - 9.3 Vegetation alpiner und arktischer Lebenräume. - 9.3.1 Felsspalten-Vegetation (Kl. Asplenietea trichomanis). - 9.3.2 Schuttflur-Gesellschaften (Kl. Thlaspietea rotundifolii). - 9.3.3 Pioniervegetation auf feinerde- und humusarmen Rohböden (V. Veronico-Poion glaucae). - 9.3.4 Azidophytische alpine Windheiden und Silikatrasen. - 9.3.4.1 Flechtenreiche Alpenazaleen Windheiden (Kl. Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea). - 9.3.4.2 Chionophile alpine Heiden (V. Phyllodoco-Vaccinion). - 9.3.4.3 Borstgrasrasen der alpinen Stufe (V. Nardo-Caricion bigelowii). - 9.3.5 Zwergstrauchheiden und Rasen auf basenreicheren Böden (Kl. Carici rupestris-Kobresietea). - 9.3.6 Schneeboden-Vegetation (Kl. Salicetea herbaceae). - 9.3.7 Quellfluren der alpinen Stufe und der Arktis (Kl. Montio-Cardaminetea). - 9.3.8 Boreo-alpine und arktische Moore (Kl. Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae). - 9.3.9 Subalpine und alpine Hochstaudenfluren (Kl. Betulo-Adenostyletea). - 9.4 Ökosystemare Untersuchungen. - 9.5 Nutzung und Naturschutz. - Literatur. - 10 Schwach kulturbeeinflußte Lebensräume der Kulturlandschaft. - 10.1 Xerothermvegetation. - 10.1.1 Vegetation der Felsen und Schuttfluren außerhalb der alpinen Stufe (Kl. Asplenietea trichomanis und Thlaspietea rotundifolii). - 10.1.2 Felsband-Gesellschaften (O. Sedo-Scleranthetalia). - 10.1.3 Sandtrockenrasen (KI. Koelerio-Corynephoretea, O. Corynephoretalia). - 10.1.4 Halb- und Volltrockenrasen (Kl. Festuco-Brometea). - 10.1.5 Trockensäume (Kl. Trifolio-Geranietea). - 10.2 Zwergstrauchheiden und Magerrasen außerhalb der alpinen Stufe (Kl. Calluno-Ulicetea). - 10.3 Waldnahe Staudenfluren und Mantelgebüsche. - 10.3.1 Entraphente Säume und Uferstaudenfluren (Artemisietea, O. Calystegietalia sepium). - 10.3.2 Sch

Note: CONTENTS Introduction / J. C. Davis Integrating Geological Datasets With a Raster-Based Geographic In/ormation System / G. F. Bonham-Carter Integration of Geological Datasets for Gold Exploration in Nova Scotia / G. F. Bonham-Carter, F. P. Agterberg, and D. F. Wright GIS and Computer-Mapping Aspects of the Austrian Stream-Sediment Geochemical Sampling Project / G. Hausberger Power to the People! PC and Workstation Mapping and Database Systems / M. J. McCullagh Three-Dimensional Display of Geologic Data / J. N. Van Driel

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS: Introduction and Summaries. - Brief summaries. - 1. Impact of Global Changes in the Arctic. - 2. Arctic Processes of Relevance to Global Systems. - 3. Natural Processes within the Arctic. - 4. Sustainable Development in the Arctic. - 5. Recent Project Ideas. - Other IASC Activities and Groups. - FULL PROJECT REPORTS. - Project Status Chart. - BASIS - Barents Sea Impacts Study. - BESIS - Bering Sea Impacts Study. - Effects of lncreased Ultraviolet Radiation in the Arctic. - MAGICS - Mass Balance of Arctic Glaciers and Ice Sheets in relation to the Climate and Sea level changes (Working Group on Arctic Glaciology). - IASC-GCTE Arctic Working Group. - LOIRA- Land-Ocean Interactions in the Russian Arctic. - Sustainable Development- Caribou/Reindeer Grazing Systems. - Sustainable Use of Living Marine Resources in the Arctic. - Environmental and Social Impacts of Industrialisation. - Arctic Bathymetric Map Project. - Contaminants and Human Health in the Arctic. - Rapid Cultural and Social Change in the Circumpolar North. - COASP- Cooperative Arctic Seismological Project. - ADD- International Arctic Environment Data Directory.

Note: Contents: Abstract. - Acknowledgements. - Introduction: Environmental change, paleolimnology, and diatoms. - Chapter 1: Diatoms as indicators of salinity and brine composition. - Chapter 2: Diatoms as indicators of lake trophic status. - References. - Plates. - Appendices. - Species Index.

Note: Zugl.: Frankfurt(Main), Univ., Diss., 1989

Note: Contents Preface Acknowledgements Part 1: Introduction 1 Sedimentology in the earth sciences 1.1 Introduction: sedimentology and earth cycling 1.2 Erosional drainage basins and depositional sedimentary basins 1.3 Global sediment discharge and earth recycling: the rock cycle 1.4 Comparative interplanetary sedimentology 1.5 Practical sedimentology 1.6 A brief history of sedimentology Part 2: Origin and Types of Sediment Grains 2 Water-rock interactions: chemical and physical breakdown of catchment bedrock to soil and elastic sediment grains 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Natural waters as proton donors: pH, acid hydrolysis and limestone weathering 2.3 Metallic ions, electron transfer and Eh-pH diagrams 2.4 Behaviour of silicate minerals during chemical weathering: breakdown products and newly formed minerals 2.5 Acid rain and whole-catchment studies of chemical weathering 2.6 The rates and mechanisms of chemical weathering 2.7 A simple index of chemical alteration (CIA) 2.8 Vegetation, chemical weathering and the Precambrian controversy 2.9 Physical weathering 2.10 Soils as valves and filters for the natural landscape 3 The inorganic and organic precipitation of sediment: chemical, biochemical and biological 3.1 Marine and freshwater chemical composition: chemical fluxes to and from the oceans 3.2 The carbonate system in the oceans 3.3 Advances in understanding carbonate reaction kinetics and their significance 3.4 Pre-Recent and future CaCO3 reactions 3.5 Ooids 3.6 Carbonate grains from plants and animals 3.7 Carbonate muds, oozes and chalks 3.8 Other carbonate grains of biological origins 3.9 Organic productivity, sea-level and atmospheric controls of biogenic CaCO3 deposition rates 3.10 CaCO3 dissolution in the deep ocean and the oceanic CaCO3 compensation mechanism 3.11 Evaporite salts and their inorganic precipitation 3.12 Silica and pelagic plankton 3.13 Iron minerals and biomineralizers 3.14 Phosphates Part 3: User's Guide to Sedimentological Fluid Dynamics 4 Back to basics: fluid flow in general 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Material properties of fluids 4.3 Plastic behaviour 4.4 Dimensionless numbers 4.5 Reference frames for flows 4.6 The concepts of flow steadiness and uniformity 4. 7 Visualization of flow patterns 4.8 Ideal (potential) flow 4.9 Dynamics of fluid motion 4.10 Strategies for coping with the dynamic equations 5 Flow in the real world: laminar and turbulent behaviour 5.1 Osborne Reynolds and types of flow 5.2 The distribution of velocity in viscous flows: the boundary layer 5.3 Turbulent flow 5.4 The distribution of velocity in turbulent flows 5.5 Shear velocity, bed roughness, bed shear stress and flow power 5.6 The periodic coherent structures of turbulent shear flows 5.7 Shear flow instabilities, flow separation and secondary currents 6 Sediment grains in fluids: settling, transport and feedback 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Fall of grains through stationary fluids 6.3 Natural flows carrying particulate material are complex 6.4 Fluids as transporting machines 6.5 Initiation of particle motion 6.6 Initiation of motion by air flow 6.7 Paths of grain motion 6.8 Solid transmitted stresses 6.9 A dynamic sediment suspension theory 6.10 A warning: nonequilibrium effects may dominate natural sediment transport systems 6.11 Steady state, deposition or erosion: the sediment continuity equation Part 4: Sediment Transport and Sedimentary Structures 7 Bedforms and structures formed by unidirectional water flows over granular sediment 7.1 The 'trinity' of flow, transport and bedform 7.2 Current ripples 7.3 Lower-stage plane beds and cluster bedforms 7.4 Dunoids (bars, 2D dunes) 7.5 Dunes 7.6 Upper-stage plane beds 7.7 Antidunes, transverse ribs, chutes and pools, and related forms 7.8 Bedforms and sediment transport in poorly sorted sediment 7.9 Bedform phase diagrams 7.10 Bedform 'lag' effects 7.11 Bedform theory 7.12 Measurement of palaeocurrents and problems arising from trough-shaped sets of cross- stratification 8 Bedforms and structures formed by atmospheric flows 8.1 Introduction: some contrasts between air and water flows 8.2 Aeolian bedforms in general 8.3 Ballistic ripples and ridges 8.4 Dunes in general 8.5 Flow-transverse dunes 8.6 Flow-parallel dunes 8.7 Complex flow dunes 8.8 Vegetated parabolic dunes 9 Oscillatory water waves, combined flows and tides: their bedforms and structures 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Simple wave theory 9.3 Near-bed flow and bedforms 9.4 Combined flows, wave-current ripples and hummocky cross-stratification 9.5 Tidal flows 10 Bedforms and cohesive sediment transport and erosion 10.1 The 'special' case of clays and cohesive beds 10.2 Flow erosion of cohesive beds 10.3 Erosion by 'tools' 11 Sediment gravity flows and their deposits 11.1 Introduction and static grain aggregates 11.2 Static friction and stability of granular masses 11.3 Grain flow avalanches: from cross-bedding to megabreccias 11.4 Debris flows 11.5 Turbidity flows 12 Liquefaction, liquefaction structures and other 'soft' sediment deformation structures 12.1 Liquefaction 12.2 Sedimentary structures formed by and during liquefaction 12.3 Submarine landslides, growth faults and slumps 12.4 Desiccation and synaeresis shrinkage structures Part 5: External Controls on Sediment Derivation, Transport and Deposition 13 Climate and sedimentary processes 13.1 Introduction: climate as a fundamental variable in sedimentology 13.2 Solar radiation: ultimate fuel for the climate machine 13.3 Earth's reradiation and the 'greenhouse' concept 13.4 Radiation balance, heat transfer and simple climatic models 13.5 Climate and the water cycle, 13.6 General atmospheric circulations 13.7 Global climates: a summary 13.8 Climate, mountains and plateaux 13.9 Climate change 13.10 Sedimentological evidence for palaeoclimate 14 Changing sea level and sedimentary sequences 14.1 Introduction: sea level as datum 14.2 Sea-level changes 14.3 Rates and magnitude of sea-level change 14.4 Origins of global sea-level change: slow vs. fast eustasy 14.5 Sequence stratigraphy: layers, cheesewires and bandwagons 15 Tectonics, denudation rates and sediment yields 15.1 Basic geodynamics of uplift 15.2 Elevation and gradients 15.3 Catchment processes 15.4 Erosion and denudation 15.5 Large-scale studies of denudation rates 15.6 Basinal studies of denudation and sediment flux: the inverse approach 15.7 Sediment supply, vegetation and climate change: implications for basin stratigraphy 15.8 Marine strontium isotope ratio and continental erosion rates Part 6: Sediment Deposition, Environments and Facies in Continental Environments 16 Aeolian sediments in low-latitude deserts 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Physical processes and erg formation 16.3 Modern desert bedform associations and facies 16.4 Aeolian architecture 16.5 Climate change, erg abandonment and desert-lake-river sedimentary cycles 16.6 Ancient desert facies 17 Rivers 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Channel magnitude and gradient 17.3 Channel form 17.4 Channel sediment transport processes, bedforms and internal structures 17.5 The floodplain 17.6 Channel belts, alluvial ridges, combing and avulsion 17.7 River channel changes, adjustable variables and equilibrium 17.8 The many causes of channel incision-aggradation cycles 17.9 Fluvial architecture: scale, controls and time 17.10 Fluvial deposits in the geological record 18 Alluvial fans and fan deltas 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Controls on the size (area) of fans 18.3 Physical processes on alluvial fans 18.4 Debris-flow-dominated alluvial fans 18.5 Stream-flow-dominated alluvial fans 18.6 Recognition of ancient alluvial fans 18.7 Fan deltas 19 Lakes 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Lake stratification 19.3 Clastic input by rivers and the effect of turbidity currents 19.4 Wind-forced physical processes 19.5 Chemical processes and cycles 19.6 Biological processes and cycles 19.7 Modern temperate lakes and their continental sedimentary facies 19.8 Lakes in the East African rifts 19.9 Lake Baikal 19.10 Shallow saline lakes 19.11 The succes

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Geoelektrik 1.1. Allgemeine Grundlagen / ROLF RÖSLER 1.1.1. Physikalische Gesetze 1.1.1.1. Vorbemerkungen 1.1.1.2. Die Feldgrößen und ihre Verknüpfungen 1.1.1.3. Skalar-und Vektorpotentiale und die Wellengleichung 1.1.1.3.1. Magnetisches Vektorpotential und elektrisches Skalarpotential 1.1.1.3.2. Elektrisches Vektorpotential und magnetisches Skalarpotential 1.1.1.4. Periodische Vorgänge, harmonische Felder 1 1.1.1.5. HEETZsehe Vektoren 1.1.1.6. Stetigkeitsbedingungen 1.1.1.7. Berechnungsmethoden für elektromagnetische Felder 1.1.1.7.1. Analytische Lösungen 1.1.1.7.2. Primär-oder Normalfelder 1.1.1.7.3. Numerische Näherungsverfahren 1.1.2. Die Einteilung der Geoelektrik 1.1.2.1. Einteilung nach den Ursachen der Felder 1.1.2.2. Einteilung nach den wesentlichen Merkmalen der Felder 1.1.3. Physikalische Eigenschaften der Gesteine 1.1.3.1. Übersicht 1.1.3.2. Meßprinzipien zur Bestimmung des spezifischen elektrischen Widerstandes 1.1.3.2.1. Messungen im Labor 1.1.3.2.2. Messungen in situ 1.1.3.3. Meßprinzipien zur Bestimmung der Dielektrizitätskonstante 1.2. Gleichstrommethoden / HEINZ MILITZER, GOTTFRIED PORSTENDORFER, ROLF RÖSLER, FRANZ WEBER 1.2.1. Theoretische Grundlagen 1.2.1.1. Kennzeichnung der Gleichstrommethoden 1.2.1.2. Stromzuführung mittels Elektroden und Messung des spezifischen Widerstandes 1.2.1.2.1. Punktelektroden 1.2.1.2.2. Erdungswiderstand von Elektroden 1.2.1.2.3. Scheinbarer spezifischer elektrischer Widerstand 1.2.1.3. Widerstands-Tiefensondierung 1.2.1.3.1. Potentialverteilung im geschichteten Halbraum 1.2.1.3.2. Numerische Berechnung durch Reihenentwicklung 1.2.1.3.3. Numerische-Berechnung mittels Filterkoeffizienten 1.2.1.3.4. Inverse Aufgabe der Widerstandsgeoelektrik 1.2.1.4. Beeinflussung der Potential- und Stromdichteverteilung im Boden durch besser oder schlechter leitende Einlagerungen 1.2.1.4.1. Einlagerung (Störkörper) im homogenen Feld 1.2.1.4.2. Einlagerung im Feld einer Punktelektrode 1.2.2. Allgemeine apparative und methodische Voraussetzungen 1.2.2.1. Widerstands-Tiefensondierung 1.2.2.1.1. Prinzip 1.2.2.1.2. Darstellung der Meßergebnisse und Grundlagen der Auswertung 1.2.2.1.3. Anwendungen 1.2.2.2. Widerstandsprofilierung (-kartierung) 1.2'.2.2.1. Prinzip 1.2.2.2.2. Darstellung der Meßergebnisse und Grundlagen der Auswertung 1.2.2.2.3. Anwendungen 1.2.2.3. Aufladungsmethode (Methode mise a la masse) 1.2.2.3.1. Prinzip 1.2.2.3.2. Darstellung der Meßergebnisse, Grundlagen der Auswertung und einige Anwendungen 1.3. Niederfrequenzmethoden / GOTTFRIED PORSTENDORFER, ROLF RÖSLER, RUPERT SCHMÖLLER 1.3.1. Theoretische Grundlagen 1.3.1.1. Charakterisierung der Niederfrequenzmethoden 1.3.1.2. Spezielle Primärfelder 1.3.1.2.1. Homogene magnetische Wechselfelder 1.3.1.2.2. Das Feld eines Dipols 1.3.1.2.3. Das Feld eines magnetischen Dipols 1.3.1.2.4. Der Linienstrom im freien Raum 1.3.1.3. Beeinflussung homogener Felder durch leitende Einlagerungen 1.3.1.3.1. Leitende Kugel im homogenen niederfrequenten Magnetfeld 1.3.1.3.2. Leitender Zylinder im homogenen niederfrequenten Magnetfeld 1.3.1.4. Beeinflussung elektromagnetischer Felder durch den geschichteten Halbraum 1.3.1.4.1. Ebene Wellen 1.3.1.4.2. Vertikaler magnetischer Dipol 1.3.1.4.3. Horizontaler magnetischer Dipol 1.3.1.4.4. Das Feld des elektrischen Dipols 1.3.1.5. Das Feld eines Linienstromes 106 1.3.1.6. Beschreibung der Wirkung einer leitenden Einlagerung im magnetischen Wechselfeld mit der Leiterkreistheorie 1.3.1.7. Die Kopplung zweier Spulen an der Erdoberfläche 1.3.2. Allgemeine apparative und methodische Voraussetzungen 1.3.2.1. Magneto-Tellurik 1.3.2.1.1. Darstellung der Meßergebnisse und Grundlagen der Auswertung 1.3.2.1.2. Anwendungen 1.3.2.2. Elektromagnetische Profilierung 1.3.2.2.1. Prinzip 1.3.2.2.2. Darstellung der Meßergebnisse und Grundlagen der Auswertung 1.3.2.2.3. Anwendungen 1.3.2.3. Elektromagnetische Sondierung 1.3.2.3.1. Prinzip 1.3.2.3.2. Darstellung der Meßergebnisse und Grundlagen der Auswertung 1.3.2.3.3. Anwendungen 1.4. Hochfrequenzmethoden / HEINRICH JANSCHEK, HERMANN MATJRITSCH, ROLF RÖSLER, PETER STEINHÄUSER 1.4.1. Theoretische Grundlagen 1.4.1.1. Allgemeine Grundlagen 1.4.1.2. Normale und anomale Felder von Rundfunksendern 1.4.1.3.. Modellgesetze 1.4.1.4. Abschirmung und Beugung von elektromagnetischen Wellen an leitenden Schichten 1.4.2. VLF-Methode 1.4.2.1. Allgemeine Grundlagen und Prinzip 1.4.2.2. Darstellung der Meßergebnisse und Grundlagen der Auswertung 1.4.2.3. Anwendungen 1.4.3. Radiowellendurchstrahlung 1.4.3.1. Allgemeine Grundlagen und Prinzip 1.4.3.2. Darstellung der Meßergebnisse und Grundlagen der Auswertung 1.4.3.3. Anwendungen 1.4.4. Radarmessungen 1.4.4.1. Allgemeine Grundlagen und Prinzip 1.4.4.2. Darstellung/der Meßergebnisse und Grundlagen der Auswertung 1.4.4.3. Anwendungen 1.5. Methoden auf der Grundlage physiko-chemischer Felder / HEINZ AIGNER, HEINZ MILITZER 1.5.1. Eigenpotential- und Filtrationspotentialmethode 1.5.1.1. Allgemeine Grundlagen und Prinzip 1.5.1.2. Methodische und apparative Voraussetzungen 1.5.1.3. Darstellung der Meßergebnisse und Grundlagen der Auswertung 1.5.1.4. Anwendungen 1.5.2. Methode der Induzierten Polarisation 1.5.2.1. Allgemeine Grundlagen und Prinzip 1.5.2.2. Methodische und apparative Voraussetzungen 1.5.2.3. Darstellung der Meßergebnisse und Grundlagen der Auswertung 1.5.2.3.1. Messungen unter Laborbedingungen 1.5.2.3.2. Messungen im Gelände 1.5.2.4. Anwendungen 1.6. Literatur 2. Geothermik / HEINZ MTLITZER, CHRISTIAN OELSNER, FRANZ WEBER 2.1. Allgemeine Grundlagen 2.1.1. Physikalische Gesetze 2.1.1.1. Wärmeleitung 2.1.1.2. Wärmekonvektion 2.1.1.3. Wärmestrahlung 2.1.2. Einteilung der Geothermik 2.1.3. Physikalische Gesteinseigensohaften und Grundlagen ihrer Bestimmung 2.1.3.1. Temperatur- und Wärmeleitfähigkeit — Definition; Abhängigkeiten von Druck, Temperatur und anderen petrophysikalischen Parametern 2.1.3.2. Meßprinzipien zur Bestimmung von Wärme- und Temperaturleitfähigkeiten 2.1.3.2.1. Labormessungen (λ und κ) 2.1.3.2.2. Messungen in situ (λ) 2.1.3.3. Die radiogene Wärmeproduktion und deren Abhängigkeit von petrophysikalischen Parametern 2.2. Wärmestrommessungen 2.2.1. Theoretische Grundlagen 2.2.2. Meßapparaturen für Wärmestrommessungen auf dem Festland und auf See 2.2.3. Besonderheiten bei der Auswertung und Interpretation von Wärmestrommessungen 2.2.3.1. Einfluß des Reliefs 2.2.3.2. Einfluß geologischer Prozesse 2.2.3.2.1. Zusammenhang zwischen Krustenalter sowie Krustendicke und Wärmestrom 2.2.3.2.2. Wirkung von Intrusionskörpern 2.2.3.3. Einfluß technischer Prozesse 2:2.3.3.1. Einfluß des Bohrvorganges — Ermittlung der ungestörten Gebirgstemperatur 2.2.3.3.2. Endlagerung radioaktiver Stoffe 2.2.4. Ergebnisse von Wärmestrommessungen 2.3. Geothermische Oberflächenerkundung 2.3.1. Temperaturmessungen in Flachbohrungen 2.3.1.1. Theoretische Grundlagen 2.3.1.1.1. Wirkung einer periodisch veränderlichen Oberflächentemperatur 2.3.1.1.2. Veränderung des Temperaturfeldes durch Einlagerungen unterschiedlicher Wärmeleitfähigkeit 2.3.1.2. Apparatur und Meßmethodik 2.3.1.3. Anwendungen 2.3.2. Infrarot- (IR-) Oberflächenerkundung 2.3.2.1. Theoretische Grundlagen 2.3.2.2. Allgemeine apparative und methodische Voraussetzungen 2.3.2.3. Punkt- bzw. Profilmessungen 2.3.2.3.1. Meßprinzip und Apparaturen 2.3.2.3.2. Darstellung der Meßergebnisse und Grundlagen der Auswertung 2.3.2.3.3. Anwendungen 2.3.2.4. Wärmebildtechnik (Thermographie) 2.3.2.4.1. Meßprinzip und Apparaturen 2.3.2.4.2. Darstellung der Meßergebnisse und Grundlagen der Auswertung 2.3.2.4.3. Anwendungen 2.4. Literatur 3. Radiometrie und Kerngeophysik / KARL KÖHLER 3.1. Physikalische Grundlagen 3.1.1. Radioaktive Strahlung 3.1.2. Strahlungsmessung 3.L3. Kinetik 3.1.3.1. Ein Nuklid 3.1.3.2. Zwei Nuklide 3.1.4. Statistik 3.2. Petrophysikalische (geochemische) Grundlagen 3.2.1. Natürlich radioaktive Nuklide 3.2.1.1. Urnuklide 3.2.1.2. Die Familie des Uraniums-238 3.2.1.

Note: Contents Page Chapter 1 Introduction About This Book Geostatistics Measurement Systems A False Feeling of Security Selected Readings Chapter 2 Elementary Statistics Probability Statistics Joint Variation of Two Variables Induced Correlations Testing Normal Populations Central Limits Theorem Significance The f Test Degrees of Freedom Test of Correlation The F Test Analysis of Variance Two-Way Analysis of Variance The x2 Test The Lognormal Distribution and Other Transformations Other Transformations Nonparametric Methods Mann-Whitney Test Kruskal-Wallis Test Nonparametric Correlation Kolmogorov-Smirnov Tests Selected Readings Chapter 3 Matrix Algebra The Matrix Elementary Matrix Operations Matrix Multiplication Convolution Matrix Inversion and Simultaneous Equations Transposition Determinants Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Selected Readings Chapter 4 Analysis of Sequences of Data Geologic Measurements in Sequences Interpolation Procedures Markov Chains Embedded Markov Chains Series of Events Runs Tests Least-Squares Methods and Regression Analysis Curvilinear Regression Orthogonal Polynomial Regression Reduced Major Axis Splines Segmenting Sequences Zonation Seriation Autocorrelation Cross-Correlation Cross-Correlation and Geologic Correlation Cross-Association Semivariograms Modelling the Semivariogram Spectral Analysis Harmonic Analysis The Continuous Spectrum Filters Smoothing and Time-Trend Analysis Derivatives Substitutability Analysis Selected Readings Chapter 5 Map Analysis Geologic Maps - Conventional and Otherwise Systematic Patterns of Search Distribution of Points Uniform Patterns Random Patterns Clustered Patterns Nearest-Neighbor Analysis Distribution of Lines Analysis of Directional Data Testing Hypotheses about Circular Directional Data Test for Randomness Testing for a Specified Trend Test of Goodness-of-Fit 326 Testing the Equality of Two Sets of Directional Vectors Spherical Distributions Matrix Representation of Vectors Displaying Spherical Data Testing Hypotheses about Spherical Directional Data A Test of Randomness Shape Fourier Measurements of Shape Computer Contouring Contouring by Triangulation Contouring by Gridding Moving Averages Moving Weighted Averages of Block Means Kriging Punctual Kriging Universal Kriging Calculating the Drift An Example Trend Surfaces Statistical Tests of Trends Two Trend-Surface Models Pitfalls Four-Dimensional Trend Surfaces Double Fourier Series Comparing Maps Overall Similarity Similarity Maps Comparing Map Coefficients Selected Readings Contents Chapter 6 Analysis of Multivariate Data Multiple Regression Discriminant Functions Tests of Significance Multivariate Extensions of Elementary Statistics Equality of Two Vector Means Equality of Variance-Covariance Matrices Cluster Analysis Introduction to Eigenvector Methods, Including Factor Analysis Eckart-Young Theorem Principal Components Analysis R-Mode Factor Analysis Factor Rotation Maximum Likelihood Factors O-Mode Factor Analysis Principal Coordinates Analysis Correspondence Analysis Application to Continuous Variables Simultaneous R- and O-Mode Factor Analysis Multigroup Discriminant Functions Canonical Correlation Selected Readings Appendix: How to Run the STAT Program Index

Note: Karlsruhe, Univ., Diss., 1988 , Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Einleitung und Zielsetzung. - 2. Geographie - Geologie - Tektonik. - 3. Geologisch-petrographischer Überblick - Geländebeobachtungen. - 4. Probennahme und Aufbereitung. - 5. Analytik. - 5.1. Methoden. - 5.2. Analysengenauigkeit. - 6. Darstellung und Diskussion der Ergebnisse. - 6.1. Gabbroide Gesteine. - 6.1.1 Petrographie. - 6.1.2. Chemismus. - 6.1.2.1. Nomenklatur. - 6.1.2.2. Haupt- und Spurenelemente. - 6.1.2.3. Seltene Erden und Spider-Diagramme. - 6.1.2.4. Mineralehemimus. - 6.2. Monzodioritische Gesteine. - 6.2.1. Petrographie. - 6.2.2. Chemismus. - 6.2.2.1. Haupt- und Spurenelemente. - 6.2.2.2. Seltene Erden und Spider-Diagramme. - 6.2.2.3. Mineralchemismus. - 6.3. Syenitische Gesteine. - 6.3.1. Petrographie. - 6.3.2. Chemismus. - 6.3.2.1. Haupt- und Spurenelemente. - 6.3.2.2. Seltene Erden und Spider-Diagramme. - 6.3.2.3. Mineralchemismus. - 6.4. Basalte. - 6.4.1. Petrographie. - 6.4.2. Chemismus. - 6.4.2.1. Nomenklatur. - 6.4.2.2. Haupt- und Spurenelemente. - 6.4.2.3. Seltene Erden und Spider-Diagramme. - 6.5. Ganggesteine. - 6.5.1. Petrographie und Verbreitung. - 6.5.2. Chemismus. - 6.5.2.1. Haupt- und Spurenelemente. - 6.5.2.2. Seltene Erden und Spider-Diagramme. - 7. Genetische Überlegungen. - 8. Zusammenfassung. - 9. Literaturverzeichnis. - Anhang. - Anmerkungen zu den Probenkarten 1 bis 3 und den Tabellen A bis E. - Probenkarten 1 bis 3. - Tab. A: Probenverzeichnis. - Tab. B: Haupt- und Spurenelementanalysen, normativer Mineralbestand und berechnete Parameter. - Tab. C: SEE-Analysen. - Tab. D: Mineralanalysen der Clinopyroxene. - Tab. E: Mineralanalysen der Olivine. -

Note: Text in deutscher und englischer Sprache

Note: Inhalt: Expeditionsleiter. - 8. Juni 1930; Pfingstsonntag. - Reifejahre. - Wohlbehütete Kindheit. - Studienjahre hier und dort. - Weltrekord!. - Ein Leben für die Wissenschaft. - Grönland!. - Auf unbekannten Wegen. - Triumph und Unglück. - Privatdozent in Marburg. - Die epochale Idee. - Neue Pläne. - Probe auf Island. - Wieder Grönland. - Auf dem Rücken des Gletschers. - Quer durch Grönland. - Treue Gefährtin. - Krieg. - Neubeginn. - Professor in Hamburg. - Karibisches Intermezzo. - Ruf nach Graz. - Ein Traum wird wahr. - Vorbereitungen. - Im Motorboot vor Grönland. - Erfolgreicher Aufstieg. - Suche nach einem Zugang. - Auf dem Kgmarujuk. - Mit Hundeschlitten ins Innere. - Der letzte Winter. - 13.6.1930, der 35. Wartetag. - Die Transporte. - Eismitte. - Erinnerungen. - Anhang. - Literaturverzeichnis. - Register.

Note: Contents: 1 Preliminaries. - 1.1 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. - 1.2 The Rossby Number. - 1.3 Density Stratification. - 1.4 The Equations of Motion in a Nonrotating Coordinate Frame. - 1.5 Rotating Coordinate Frames. - 1.6 Equations of Motion in a Rotating Coordinate Frame. - 1.7 Coriolis Acceleration and the Rossby Number. - 2 Fundamentals. - 2.1 Vorticity. - 2.2 The Circulation. - 2.3 Kelvin's Theorem. - 2.4 The Vorticity Equation. - 2.5 Potential Vorticity. - 2.6 The Thermal Wind. - 2.7 The Taylor-Proudman Theorem. - 2.8 Geostrophic Motion. - 2.9 Consequences of the Geostrophic and Hydrostatic Approximations. - 2.10 Geostrophic Degeneracy. - 3 lnviscid Shallow-Water Theory. - 3.1 Introduction. - 3.2 The Shallow-Water Model. - 3.3 The Shallow-Water Equations. - 3.4 Potential-Vorticity Conservation: Shallow-Water Theory. - 3.5 Integral Constraints. - 3.6 Small-Amplitude Motions. - 3.7 Linearized Geostrophic Motion. - 3.8 Plane Waves in a Layer of Constant Depth. - 3.9 Poincare and Kelvin Waves. - 3.10 The Rossby Wave. - 3.11 Dynamic Diagnosis of the Rossby Wave. - 3.12 Quasigeostrophic Scaling in Shallow-Water Theory. - 3.13 Steady Quasigeostrophic Motion. - 3.14 Inertial Boundary Currents. - 3.15 Quasigeostrophic Rossby Waves. - 3.16 The Mechanism for the Rossby Wave. - 3.17 The Beta-Plane. - 3.18 Rossby Waves in a Zonal Current. - 3.19 Group Velocity. - 3.20 The Method of Multiple Time Scales. - 3.21 Energy and Energy Flux in Rossby Waves. - 3.22 The Energy Propagation Diagram. - 3.23 Reflection and the Radiation Condition. - 3.24 Rossby Waves Produced by an Initial Disturbance. - 3.25 Quasigeostrophic Normal Modes in Closed Basins. - 3.26 Resonant Interactions. - 3.27 Energy and Enstrophy. - 3.28 Geostrophic Turbulence. - Appendix to Chapter 3. - 4 Friction and Viscous Flow. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Turbulent Reynolds Stresses. - 4.3 The Ekman Layer. - 4.4 The Nature of Nearly Frictionless Flow. - 4.5 Boundary-Layer Theory. - 4.6 Quasigeostrophic Dynamics in the Presence of Friction. - 4.7 Spin-Down. - 4.8 Steady Motion. - 4.9 Ekman Layer on a Sloping Surface. - 4.10 Ekman Layer on a Free Surface. - 4.11 Quasigeostrophic Potential Vorticity Equation with Friction and Topography. - 4.12 The Decay of a Rossby Wave. - 4.13 Side-Wall Friction Layers. - 4.14 The Dissipation of Ens trophy in Geostrophic Turbulence. - 5 Homogeneous Models of the Wind-Driven Oceanic Circulation. - 5.1 Introduction. - 5.2 The Homogeneous Model. - 5.3 The Sverdrup Relation. - 5.4 Meridional Boundary Layers: the Munk Layer. - 5.5 Stommel's Model: Bottom Friction Layer. - 5.6 Inertial Boundary-Layer Theory. - 5.7 Inertial Currents in the Presence of Friction. - 5.8 Rossby Waves and the Westward Intensification of the Oceanic Circulation. - 5.9 Dissipation Integrals for Steady Circulations. - 5.10 Free Inertial Modes. - 5.11 Numerical Experiments. - 5.12 Ekman Upwelling Circulations. - 5.13 The Effect of Bottom Topography. - 5.14 Concluding Remarks on the Homogeneous Model. - 6 Quasigeostrophic Motion of a Stratified Fluid on a Sphere. - 6.1 Introduction. - 6.2 The Equations of Motion in Spherical Coordinates: Scaling. - 6.3 Geostrophic Approximation: ε = O(L/r0 ) ≪ 1. - 6.4 The Concept of Static Stability. - 6.5 Quasigeostrophic Potential-Vorticity Equation for Atmospheric Synoptic Scales. - 6.6 The Ekman Layer in a Stratified Fluid. - 6.7 Boundary Conditions for the Potential-Vorticity Equation: the Atmosphere. - 6.8 Quasigeostrophic Potential-Vorticity Equation for Oceanic Synoptic Scales. - 6.9 Boundary Conditions for the Potential-Vorticity Equation: the Oceans. - 6.10 Geostrophic Energy Equation and Available Potential Energy. - 6.11 Rossby Waves in a Stratified Fluid. - 6.12 Rossby-Wave Normal Modes: the Vertical Structure Equation. - 6.13 Forced Stationary Waves in the Atmosphere. - 6.14 Wave-Zonal Flow Interactions. - 6.15 Topographic Waves in a Stratified Ocean. - 6.16 Layer Models. - 6.17 Rossby Waves in the Two-Layer Model. - 6.18 The Relationship of the Layer Models to the "Level" Models. - 6.19 Geostrophic Approximation ε ≪ L/r0 〈 1; the Sverdrup Relation. - 6.20 Geostrophic Approximation ε ≪ 1, L/r0 = O(1). - 6.21 The Thermocline Problem. - 6.22 Layer Models of the Thermocline. - 6.23 Flow in Unventilated Layers: Potential Vorticity Homogenization. - 6.24 Quasigeostrophic Approximation: an Alternative Derivation. - 7 Instability Theory. - 7.1 Introduction. - 7.2 Formulation of the Instability Problem: the Continuously Stratified Model. - 7.3 The Linear Stability Problem: Conditions for Instability. - 7.4 Normal Modes. - 7.5 Bounds on the Phase Speed and Growth Rate. - 7.6 Baroclinic Instability: the Basic Mechanism. - 7.7 Eady's Model. - 7.8 Charney's Model and Critical Layers. - 7.9 Instability in the Two-Layer Model: Formulation. - 7.10 Normal Modes in the Two-Layer Model: Necessary Conditions for Instability. - 7.11 Baroclinic Instability in the Two-Layer Model: Phillips' Model. - 7.12 Effects of Friction. - 7.13 Baroclinic Instability of Nonzonal Flows. - 7.14 Barotropic Instability. - 7.15 Instability of Currents with Horizontal and Vertical Shear. - 7.16 Nonlinear Theory of Baroclinic Instability. - 7.17 Instability of Non parallel Flow. - 8 Ageostrophic Motion. - 8.1 Anisotropic Scales. - 8.2 Continental-Shelf Waves. - 8.3 Slow Circulation of a Stratified, Dissipative Fluid. - 8.4 The Theory of Frontogenesis. - 8.5 Equatorial Waves. - Selected Bibliography. - Index.

Note: Contents: 1 Introduction to the Application of Paleoecological Techniques in Estuaries / Kathryn H. Taffs, Krystyna M. Saunders, Kaarina Weckström, Peter A. Gell, and C. Gregory Skilbeck. - PART I ESTARIES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT. - 2 Estuary Form and Function: Implications for Palaeoecological Studies / Peter Scanes, Angus Ferguson, and Jaimie Potts. - 3 Geology and Sedimentary History of Modern Estuaries / C. Gregory Skilbeck, Andrew D. Heap, and Colin D. Woodroffe. - 4 Paleoecological Evidence for Variability and Change in Estuaries: Insights for Management / Krystyna M. Saunders and Peter A. Gell. - PART II CORING AND DATING OF ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS. - 5 Sediment Sampling in Estuaries: Site Selection and Sampling Techniques / C. Gregory Skilbeck, Stacey Trevathan-Tackett, Pemika Apichanangkool, and Peter I. Macreadie. - 6 Some Practical Considerations Regarding the Application of 210Pb and 137Cs Dating to Estuarine Sediments / Thorbjoern Joest Andersen. - 7 Radiocarbon Dating in Estuarine Environments / Jesper Olsen, Philippa Ascough, Bryan C. Lougheed, and Peter Rasmussen. - PART III TECHNIQUES FOR PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL RECONSTRUCTIONS IN ESTUARINES. - 8 Lipid Biomarkers as Organic Geochemical Proxies for the Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction of Estuarine Environments / John K. Volkman and Rienk H. Smittenberg. - 9 C/N ratios and Carbon Isotope Composition of Organic Matter in Estuarine Environments / Melanie J. Leng and Jonathan P. Lewis. - 10 Physical and Chemical Factors to Consider when Studying Historical Contamination and Pollution in Estuaries / Amanda Reichelt-Brushett, Malcolm Clark, and Gavin Birch. - 11 Diatoms as Indicators of Environmental Change in Estuaries / Kathryn H. Taffs, Krystyna M. Saunders, and Brendan Logan. - 12 Dinoflagellate Cysts as Proxies for Holocene Environmental Change in Estuaries: Diversity, Abundance and Morphology / Marianne Ellegaard, Barrie Dale, Kenneth N. Mertens, Vera Pospelova, and Sofia Ribeiro. - 13 Applications of Foraminifera, Testate Amoebae and Tintinnids in Estuarine Palaeoecology / Anupam Ghosh and Helena L. Filipsson. - 14 Ostracods as Recorders of Palaeoenvironmental Change in Estuaries / Jessica M. Reeves. - 15 Application of Molluscan Analyses to the Reconstruction of Past Environmental Conditions in Estuaries / G. Lynn Wingard and Donna Surge. - 16 Corals in Estuarine Environments: Their Response to Environmental Changes and Application in Reconstructing Past Environmental Variability / Francisca Staines-Urías. - 17 Inferring Environmental Change in Estuaries from Plant Macrofossils / John Tibby and Carl D. Sayer. - 18 Applications of Pollen Analysis in Estuarine Systems / Joanna C. Ellison. - PART IV CASE STUDIES. - 19 Palaeo-Environmental Approaches to Reconstructing Sea Level Changes in Estuaries / Brigid V. Morrison and Joanna C. Ellison. - 20 Paleoecology Studies in Chesapeake Bay: A Model System for Understanding Interactions between Climate, Anthropogenic Activities and the Environment / Elizabeth A. Canuel, Grace S. Brush, Thomas M. Cronin, Rowan Lockwood, and Andrew R. Zimmerman. - 21 Paleosalinity Changes in the Río de la Plata Estuary and on the Adjacent Uruguayan Continental Shelf over the Past 1200 Years: An Approach Using Diatoms as a Proxy / Laura Perez, Felipe García-Rodríguez, and Till J.J. Hanebuth. - 22 Application of Paleoecology to Ecosystem Restoration: A Case Study from South Florida’s Estuaries / G. Lynn Wingard. - 23 Paleolimnological History of the Coorong: Identifying the Natural Ecological Character of a Ramsar Wetland in Crisis / Peter A. Gell. - 24 Palaeoenvironmental History of the Baltic Sea: One of the Largest Brackish-water Ecosystems in the World / Kaarina Weckström, Jonathan P. Lewis, Elinor Andrén, Marianne Ellegaard, Peter Rasmussen, and Richard Telford. - Glossary. - Index

Note: Die Vorlage enth. insgesamt 2 Werke , Enth. auch: Globale Aspekte der atmosphärischen Chemie / Paul J. Crutzen

Note: Zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., FB Geowiss., Diss., 1998 , Inhaltsverzeichnis: I Zusammenfassung. - II Summary. - III Abbildungsverzeichnis. - IV Tabellenverzeichnis. - V Abkürzungsverzeichnis. - VI Glossar. - 1 Einleitung und Fragestellung. - 2 Grundlagen. - 2.1 Methan in der Natur. - 2.2 Methan als klimarelevantes Spurengas. - 2.3 Der Methankreislauf. - 2.4 Methanogene Bakterien. - 2.5 Anaerober Abbau organischer Substanz. - 2.6 Isotopieeffekte beim mikrobiellen anaeroben Abbau organischer Substanz. - 2.7 Bedeutung terrestrischer Ökosysteme für die Methanfreisetzung. - 3 Charakterisierung der Untersuchungsgebiete. - 3.1 Asseler Sand (Assel, Norddeutschland). - 3.1.1 Lage und naturräumliche Gliederung. - 3.1.2 Landschaftsgenese. - 3.1.3 Klima. - 3.1.4 Hydrologie. - 3.1.5 Vegetation und Nutzung. - 3.1.6 Böden des Untersuchungsgebietes. - 3.2 Tai-Hu-Tiefland (Suzhou, Ostchina). - 3.2.1 Lage. - 3.2.2 Landschaftsgenese. - 3.2.3 Klima. - 3.2.4 Vegetation und Nutzung. - 3.2.5 Böden des Untersuchungsgebietes. - 4 Material und Methoden. - 4.1 Bodenprofilaufnahme und Probenentnahme. - 4.2 Behandlung und Aufarbeitung des Probenmaterials. - 4.3 Bodenphysikalische Analysen. - 4.3.1 Bestimmung der Porengrößenverteilung. - 4.3.2 Bestimmung der Korngrößenverteilung. - 4.4 Bodenchemische Analysen. - 4.4.1 Kohlenstoff- und Stickstoff-Analytik. - 4.4.2 δ13C-Bestimmung. - 4.4.3 pH-Wert- und Redoxpotential-Messung. - 4.5 Bestimmung von Methanbildungsraten. - 4.5.1 Aktuelle Methanbildungsaktivität. - 4.5.2 Potentielle Methanbildungsaktivität. - 4.5.3 Temperaturoptimum der Methanbildung. - 4.5.4 Methanbildungsaktivität in Gegenwart von Sauerstoff. - 4.5.5 Methanbildungsaktivität in Abhängigkeit vom Wassergehalt. - 4.5.6 Gasanalytik (CH4, O2). - 4.6 Mikrobiologische Untersuchungen. - 4.6.1 Nährmedien. - 4.6.2 Zellzahlbestimmung. - 4.6.2.1 MPN-Methode. - 4.6.2.2 Koch'sches Plattengußverfahren. - 4.6.3 Isolierung von methanogenen Bakterien. - 4.6.3.1 Anreicherungskultur. - 4.6.3.2 Agar-Verdünnungsreihe. - 4.6.3.3 Reinheitstest. - 4.6.3.4 Kulturführung. - 4.6.4 Charakterisierung der Isolate. - 4.6.4.1 Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie. - 4.6.4.2 Substratspektrum. - 4.6.4.3 Temperaturoptimum. - 4.6.4.4 Salz- und pH-Optimum. - 4.6.4.5 16S-rRNA-Sequenzierung. - 4.7 Fraktionierung der organischen Bodensubstanz. - 4.7.1 DOC-Extraktion. - 4.7.2 Dichtefraktionierung. - 4.8 Statistische Analysen. - 5 Ergebnisse. - 5.1 Bodenmikrobiologische Standortcharakterisierung. - 5.1.1 Marschboden (Asseler Sand). - 5.1.2 Reisboden (Suzhou). - 5.2 Temperaturcharakteristika der methanogenen Flora. - 5.2.1 Temperaturoptimum. - 5.2.2 Zellzahlen methanogener Bakterien in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur und Substrat. - 5.2.3 Einfluß verschiedener Substrate auf die Methanbildung. - 5.3 Isolierung und Charakterisierung von methanogenen Bakterien. - 5.3.1 Grundlagen. - 5.3.2 Morphologische Merkmale. - 5.3.3 Physiologische Merkmale. - 5.3.4 Phylogenetische Auswertung der 16S-rRNA-Sequenzen methanogener Bakterien. - 5.4 Methanbildung in Gegenwart von Sauerstoff. - 5.4.1 Hemmung der Methanoxidation durch Acetylen. - 5.4.2 Einfluß der Begleitflora. - 5.4.3 Einfluß der Bodenart. - 5.4.4 Methanbildung bei definierten Wassergehalten. - 5.5 Charakterisierung der organischen Bodensubstanz in Hinblick auf die CH4-Bildung. - 5.5.1 Marschboden (Asseler Sand). - 5.5.1.1 Kohlenstoff- und Stickstoff-Parameter. - 5.5.1.2 Isotopenanalytische Untersuchung der organischen Bodensubstanz. - 5.5.1.3 Charakterisierung der organischen Substanz mittels Dichtefraktionierung. - 5.5.2 Reisboden (Suzhou). - 5.5.2.1 Kohlenstoff- und Stickstoff-Parameter. - 5.5.2.2 Isotopenanalytische Untersuchungen der organischen Bodensubstanz. - 5.5.2.3 Charakterisierung der organischen Substanz mittels Dichtefraktionierung. - 5.5.2.4 Methanbildungspotentiale der Dichtefraktionen. - 6 Diskussion. - 6.1 Einfluß der Temperatur auf die Methanbildung. - 6.2 Einfluß von Sauerstoff auf die Aktivität methanogener Bakterien. - 6.3 Bedeutung der organischen Bodensubstanz für die Methanogenese. - 6.4 Wechselwirkungen der untersuchten Faktoren in hydromorphen Böden und ihre Bedeutung in Hinblick auf globale Klimaveränderungen. - 7 Literaturverzeichnis. - 8 Anhang. - Danksagung.

Note: CONTENTS: PREFACE. - 1 IASC Internal Development. - IASC Organization. - IASC Council. - IASC Executive Committee. - IASC Secretariat. - ISIRA. - IASC Medal 2018. - 2 IASC Working Groups. - Cross-Cutting Activities. - Atmosphere Working Group (AWG). - Cryosphere Working Group (CWG). - Marine Working Group (MWG). - Social and Human Working Group (SHWG). - Terrestrial Working Group (TWG). - 3 Arctic Science Summit Week 2017. - Upcoming ASSWs. - 4 Data and Observations. - Arctic Data Committee (ADC). - Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON). - 5 Partnerships. - Arctic Council. - Asian Forum for Polar Sciences (AFoPS). - Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS). - Circumpolar Health Research Network (CirchNet). - European Polar Board (EPB). - Forum of Arctic Research Operators (FARO). - International Arctic Social Sciences Association (IASSA). - International Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS). - International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). - The International Permafrost Association (IPA). - The Pacific Arctic Group (PAG). - The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). - University of the Arctic (UArctic). - WCRP Climate and Cryosphere (CliC). - 6 Capacity Building. - IASC Fellowship Program. - CAFF-IASC Fellowship. - Fellows’ Voices. - Overview of Supported Early Career Scientists.

Note: Contents: Selaginellaceae, Equisetaceae, Pteridaceae, Sinopteridaceae, Adiataceae, Hemionidaceae, Athyriaceae, Aspleniaceae, Onocleaceae, Woodsiaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Drynariaceae, Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, Ephedraceae, Utricaceae / Mei Li-juan. - Salicaceae / Ding Tuo-ya. - Juglandaceae, Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Ulmaceae, Moraceae, Santalaceae, Loranthaceae, Polygonaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Cruciferae / Huang Rong-fu. - Caryophyllaceae, Ranunculaceae, Berberidaceae, Lauraceae, Papaveraceae / Zhou Li-hua. - Delineatores / Wang Ying, Yan Cui-lan, Liu Jin-jun, Zhang Gui-zhi, Feng Jin-huan, Zhou Qing-jun. , In chines. Schr. - Nomenklatur in lat. Schr.