ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: A. Overview ; 1: 'Ethics and Global Climate Change' ; B. The Nature of the Problem ; 2: 'The Economics of Climate Change' ; 3: 'Ethics, Public Policy and Global Warming' ; 4: 'A Perfect Moral Storm: Climate Change, Intergenerational Ethics and the Problem of Moral Corruption' ; C: Global Justice and Future Generations ; 5: 'Global Environment and International Inequality' ; 6: 'Energy Policy and the Further Future: The Identity Problem' ; 7: 'Cosmopolitan Justice, Responsibility and Global Climate Change' ; 8: 'Deadly Delays, Saving Opportunities: Creating a More Dangerous World?' ; 9: 'Climate Change, Human Rights and Moral Thresholds' ; D: Policy Responses to Climate Change ; 10: 'One Atmosphere' ; 11: 'Subsistence Emissions and Luxury Emissions' ; 12: 'Greenhouse Development Rights: A Framework for Climate Protection that is "More Fair" than Equal per Capita Emissions Rights' ; 13: 'Selling Environmental Indulgences' ; 14: 'Adaptation: Who Pays Whom?' ; 15: Adaptation, Mitigation, and Justice' ; 16: 'Is "Arming the Future" with Geoengineering Really the Lesser Evil? Some Doubts About the Ethics of Intentionally Manipulating the Climate System' ; E. Individual Responsibility ; 17: 'When Utilitarians Should be Virtue Theorists' ; 18: 'It's Not My Fault: Global Warming and Individual Moral Obligations'

Description / Table of Contents: Arsenic is perhaps history’s favorite poison, often termed the "King of Poisons" and the "Poison of Kings" and thought to be the demise of fiction’s most famous ill-fated lovers. The toxic nature of arsenic has been known for millennia with the mineral realgar (AsS), originally named “arsenikon” by Theophrastus in 300 B.C.E. meaning literally "potent." For centuries it has been used as rat poison and as an important component of bactericides and wood preservatives. Arsenic is believed to be the cause of death to Napoleon Bonaparte who was exposed to wallpaper colored green from aceto-arsenite of copper (Aldersey-Williams 2011). The use of arsenic as a poison has been featured widely in literature, film, theatre, and television. Its use as a pesticide made it well known in the nineteenth century and it was exploited by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in the Sherlock Holmes novel The Golden Pince-Nez (Conan-Doyle 1903). The dark comedy Arsenic and Old Lace is a prime example of arsenic in popular culture, being first a play but becoming famous as a movie. Arsenic has figured prominently not only in fiction but in historical crimes as well (Kumar 2010). A high profile case of the mid-nineteenth century involved a hydrotherapist, Dr. Thomas Smethurst, who was accused of using arsenic to poison a woman he had befriended (Wharton 2010). Based on analytical evidence from a renowned toxicologist, Alfred Swaine Taylor, a death sentence was imposed, however Taylor had to confess that his apparatus was contaminated. The verdict was overturned after public opinion was voiced against it and a plea for clemency was made to Queen Victoria. In recent years, arsenic has been recognized as a widespread, low-level, natural groundwater contaminant in many parts of the world, particularly in places such as West Bengal and Bangladesh, where it has given rise to chronic human-health issues. Long-term exposure to arsenic has been shown to cause skin lesions, blackfoot disease, and cancer of the skin, bladder, and lungs, and is also associated with developmental effects, cardiovascular disease, neurotoxicity, and diabetes (WHO 2012). Arsenate’s toxicity is caused by its close chemical similarities to phosphate; it uses a phosphate transport system to enter cells. Arsenic occurs in many geological environments including sedimentary basins, and is particularly associated with geothermal waters and hydrothermal ore deposits. It is often a useful indicator of proximity to economic concentrations of metals such as gold, copper, and tin, where it occurs in hydrothermally altered wall rocks surrounding the zones of economic mineralization. Arsenic is commonly a persistent problem in metal mining and there has been significant effort to manage and treat mine waste to mitigate its environmental impacts. This volume compiles and reviews current information on arsenic from a variety of perspectives, including mineralogy, geochemistry, microbiology, toxicology, and environmental engineering. The first chapter (Bowell et al. 2014) presents an overview of arsenic geochemical cycles and is followed by a chapter on the paragenesis and crystal chemistry of arsenic minerals (chapter 2; Majzlan et al. 2014). The next chapters deal with an assessment of arsenic in natural waters (chapter 3; Campbell and Nordstrom 2014) and a review of thermodynamics of arsenic species (chapter 4; Nordstrom et al. 2014). The next two chapters deal with analytical measurement and assessment starting with measuring arsenic speciation in solids using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (chapter 5; Foster and Kim 2014). Chapter 6 (Leybourne and Johannesson 2014) presents a review on the measurement of arsenic speciation in environmental media: sampling, preservation, and analysis. In chapter 7 (Amend et al. 2014) there is a review of microbial arsenic metabolism and reaction energetics. This is followed by an overview of arsenic toxicity and human health issues (chapter 8; Mitchell 2014) and an assessment of methods used to characterize arsenic bioavailability and bioaccessibility (chapter 9; Basta and Jurasz 2014). This leads into chapter 10 (Craw and Bowell 2014), which describes the characterization of arsenic in mine waste with some examples from New Zealand, followed by a chapter on the management and treatment of arsenic in mining environments (chapter 11; Bowell and Craw 2014). The final three chapters are in-depth case studies of the geochemistry and mineralogy of legacy arsenic contamination in different historical mining environments: the Giant gold mine in Canada (chapter 12; Jamieson 2014), the Sierra Nevada Foothills gold belt of California (chapter 13; Alpers et al. 2014), and finally, the hydrogeochemistry of arsenic in the Tsumeb polymetallic mine in Namibia (chapter 14; Bowell 2014).

Description / Table of Contents: Exploration of subsurface Antarctica: uncovering past changes and modern processes / Martin J. Siegert, Stewart S. R. Jamieson and Duanne White / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 461, 1-6, 25 September 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP461.15 --- A 60-year international history of Antarctic subglacial lake exploration / Martin J. Siegert / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 461, 7-21, 25 May 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP461.5 --- Exploring the Recovery Lakes region and interior Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, with airborne gravity, magnetic and radar measurements / Rene Forsberg, Arne V. Olesen, Fausto Ferraccioli, Tom A. Jordan, Kenichi Matsuoka, Andres Zakrajsek, Marta Ghidella and Jamin S. Greenbaum / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 461, 23-34, 20 September 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP461.17 --- Ice-flow reorganization within the East Antarctic Ice Sheet deep interior / L. H. Beem, M. G. P. Cavitte, D. D. Blankenship, S. P. Carter, D. A. Young, G. R. Muldoon, C. S. Jackson and M. J. Siegert / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 461, 35-47, 11 August 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP461.14 --- Was South Georgia covered by an ice cap during the Last Glacial Maximum? / Duanne A. White, Ole Bennike, Martin Melles, Sonja Berg and Steven A. Binnie / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 461, 49-59, 13 June 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP461.4 --- The Gebra–Magia Complex: mass-transport processes reworking trough-mouth fans in the Central Bransfield Basin (Antarctica) / D. Casas, M. García, F. Bohoyo, A. Maldonado and G. Ercilla / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 461, 61-75, 16 June 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP461.10 --- Bathymetry of Schirmacher lakes as a tool for geomorphological evolution studies / Ashit Kumar Swain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 461, 77-93, 11 July 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP461.13 --- Heavy mineral assemblage of marine sediments as an indicator of provenance and east antarctic ice sheet fluctuations / Mayuri Pandey, Naresh C. Pant, Paromita Biswas, Prakash K. Shrivastava, Sonalika Joshi and Neety Nagi / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 461, 95-111, 22 June 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP461.2 --- Position and variability of complex structures in the central East Antarctic Ice Sheet / Thilo Wrona, Michael J. Wolovick, Fausto Ferraccioli, Hugh Corr, Tom Jordan and Martin J. Siegert / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 461, 113-129, 15 June 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP461.12 --- Summit of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet underlain by thick ice-crystal fabric layers linked to glacial–interglacial environmental change / Bangbing Wang, Bo Sun, Carlos Martin, Fausto Ferraccioli, Daniel Steinhage, Xiangbin Cui and Martin J. Siegert / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 461, 131-143, 26 May 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP461.1 --- Drilling project at Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, East Antarctica: recent progress and plans for the future / Pavel Talalay, Youhong Sun, Yue Zhao, Yuansheng Li, Pinlu Cao, Alexey Markov, Huiwen Xu, Rusheng Wang, Nan Zhang, Xiaopeng Fan, Yang Yang, Mikhail Sysoev, Yongwen Liu and Yunchen Liu / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 461, 145-159, 24 May 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP461.9 --- A deep subglacial embayment adjacent to the grounding line of Institute Ice Stream, West Antarctica / Hafeez Jeofry, Neil Ross, Hugh F. J. Corr, Jilu Li, Prasad Gogineni and Martin J. Siegert / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 461, 161-173, 13 June 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP461.11 --- Ocean forced variability of Totten Glacier mass loss / Jason Roberts, Benjamin K. Galton-Fenzi, Fernando S. Paolo, Claire Donnelly, David E. Gwyther, Laurie Padman, Duncan Young, Roland Warner, Jamin Greenbaum, Helen A. Fricker, Antony J. Payne, Stephen Cornford, Anne Le Brocq, Tas van Ommen, Don Blankenship and Martin J. Siegert / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 461, 175-186, 23 August 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP461.6 --- Chemical characteristics of the ice cores obtained after the first unsealing of subglacial Lake Vostok / Irina Alekhina, Alexey Ekaykin, Alexey Moskvin and Vladimir Lipenkov / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 461, 187-196, 24 May 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP461.3 --- Antarctic subglacial groundwater: a concept paper on its measurement and potential influence on ice flow / Martin J. Siegert, Bernd Kulessa, Marion Bougamont, Poul Christoffersen, Kerry Key, Kristoffer R. Andersen, Adam D. Booth and Andrew M. Smith / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 461, 197-213, 25 May 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP461.8 --- Modern to Glacial age subglacial meltwater drainage at Law Dome, coastal East Antarctica from topography, sediments and jökulhlaup observations / Ian D. Goodwin, Jason L. Roberts, David M. Etheridge, John Hellstrom, Andrew D. Moy, Marta Ribo and Andrew M. Smith / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 461, 215-230, 12 July 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP461.16 --- A new volcanic province: an inventory of subglacial volcanoes in West Antarctica / Maximillian van Wyk de Vries, Robert G. Bingham and Andrew S. Hein / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 461, 231-248, 29 May 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP461.7