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  • 1
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    Interfacial characterization of Al-Al thermocompression bonds (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-28
    Description: Interfaces formed by Al-Al thermocompression bonding were studied by the transmission electron microscopy. Si wafer pairs having patterned bonding frames were bonded using Al films deposited on Si or SiO 2 as intermediate bonding media. A bond force of 36 or 60 kN at bonding temperatures ranging from 400–550 °C was applied for a duration of 60 min. Differences in the bonded interfaces of 200  μ m wide sealing frames were investigated. It was observed that the interface had voids for bonding with 36 kN at 400 °C for Al deposited both on Si and on SiO 2 . However, the dicing yield was 33% for Al on Si and 98% for Al on SiO 2 , attesting for the higher quality of the latter bonds. Both a bond force of 60 kN applied at 400 °C and a bond force of 36 kN applied at 550 °C resulted in completely bonded frames with dicing yields of, respectively, 100% and 96%. A high density of long dislocations in the Al grains was observed for the 60 kN case, while the higher temperature resulted in grain boundary rotation away from the original Al-Al interface towards more stable configurations. Possible bonding mechanisms and reasons for the large difference in bonding quality of the Al films deposited on Si or SiO 2 are discussed.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 2
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    Dialkyldiselenophosphinato-metal complexes – a new class of single source precursors for deposition of metal selenide thin films and nanoparticles (2014)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-23
    Description: We report here a new synthetic approach for convenient and high yield synthesis of dialkyldiselenophosphinato-metal complexes. A number of diphenyldiselenophosphinato-metal as well as diisopropyldiselenophosphinato-metal complexes have been synthesized and used as precursors for deposition of semiconductor thin films and nanoparticles. Cubic Cu 2-x Se and tetragonal CuInSe 2 thin films have been deposited by AACVD at 400, 450 and 500 °C whereas cubic PbSe and tetragonal CZTSe thin films have been deposited through doctor blade method followed by annealing. SEM investigations revealed significant differences in morphology of the films deposited at different temperatures. Preparation of Cu 2-x Se and In 2 Se 3 nanoparticles using diisopropyldiselenophosphinato-metal precursors has been carried out by colloidal method in HDA/TOP system. Cu 2-x Se nanoparticles (grown at 250 °C) and In 2 Se 3 nanoparticles (g...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 3
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    Activity-dependent regulation of inhibitory synapse development by Npas4 (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-26
    Description: Neuronal activity regulates the development and maturation of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the mammalian brain. Several recent studies have identified signalling networks within neurons that control excitatory synapse development. However, less is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate the activity-dependent development of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)-releasing inhibitory synapses. Here we report the identification of a transcription factor, Npas4, that plays a role in the development of inhibitory synapses by regulating the expression of activity-dependent genes, which in turn control the number of GABA-releasing synapses that form on excitatory neurons. These findings demonstrate that the activity-dependent gene program regulates inhibitory synapse development, and suggest a new role for this program in controlling the homeostatic balance between synaptic excitation and inhibition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2637532/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2637532/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Yingxi -- Bloodgood, Brenda L -- Hauser, Jessica L -- Lapan, Ariya D -- Koon, Alex C -- Kim, Tae-Kyung -- Hu, Linda S -- Malik, Athar N -- Greenberg, Michael E -- HD18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS27572/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS48276/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS047572/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS047572-01A10001/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS047572-020001/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS047572-030001/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS047572-040001/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS047572-050001/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH091220/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048276/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048276-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048276-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048276-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048276-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048276-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 30;455(7217):1198-204. doi: 10.1038/nature07319. Epub 2008 Sep 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18815592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Electrophysiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Mice ; Neurons/metabolism ; Rats ; Synapses/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    BK Virus Load Associated with Serum Levels of sCD30 in Renal Transplant Recipients (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-10
    Description: Background. Rejection is the main drawback facing the renal transplant operations. Complicated and overlapping factors, mainly related to the immune system, are responsible for this rejection. Elevated serum levels of sCD30 were frequently recorded as an indicator for renal allograft rejection, while BV virus is considered as one of the most serious consequences for immunosuppressive treatment of renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Aims. This study aimed to determine the association of BK virus load with serum levels of sCD30 in RTRs suffering from nephropathy. Patients and Methods. A total of 50 RTRs with nephropathy and 30 age-matched apparently healthy individuals were recruited for this study. Serum samples were obtained from each participant. Real-time PCR was used to quantify BK virus load in RTRs serum, while ELISA technique was employed to estimate serum levels of sCD30. Results. Twenty-two percent of RTRs had detectable BKV with mean viral load of 1.094E + 06 ± 2.291E + 06. RTRs showed higher mean serum level of sCD30 ( U/mL) than that of controls ( U/mL) with significant difference. BK virus load had significant positive correlation with the serum levels of sCD30 in RTRs group. Conclusion. These results suggest that serum levels of sCD30 could be used as an indicator of BK viremia, and accordingly the immunosuppressive regime should be adjusted.
    Print ISSN: 1687-918X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9198
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 5
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    Biologics: Personalized drugs should cut care costs (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malik, Nafees N -- England -- Nature. 2012 May 30;485(7400):582. doi: 10.1038/485582b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22660309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomarkers/analysis ; Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals/adverse effects/economics/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Profiling/*utilization ; Health Care Costs/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Precision Medicine/*economics/*methods
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Evolution of Osteocrin as an activity-regulated factor in the primate brain (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-10
    Description: Evolution of Osteocrin as an activity-regulated factor in the primate brain Nature 539, 7628 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature20111 Authors: Bulent Ataman, Gabriella L. Boulting, David A. Harmin, Marty G. Yang, Mollie Baker-Salisbury, Ee-Lynn Yap, Athar N. Malik, Kevin Mei, Alex A. Rubin, Ivo Spiegel, Ershela Durresi, Nikhil Sharma, Linda S. Hu, Mihovil Pletikos, Eric C. Griffith, Jennifer N. Partlow, Christine R. Stevens, Mazhar Adli, Maria Chahrour, Nenad Sestan, Christopher A. Walsh, Vladimir K. Berezovskii, Margaret S. Livingstone & Michael E. Greenberg Sensory stimuli drive the maturation and function of the mammalian nervous system in part through the activation of gene expression networks that regulate synapse development and plasticity. These networks have primarily been studied in mice, and it is not known whether there are species- or
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 7
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    Functionalized single-walled carbon-nanotube-blended P3HT-based high performance memory behavior thin-film transistor devices (2019)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-20
    Print ISSN: 0957-4484
    Electronic ISSN: 1361-6528
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 8
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    3-D seismic tomography of 2015 gorkha earthquake source region: Implications for the seismogenesis and geodynamics (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Description: We present high-resolution tomographic image of Gorkha earthquake source region based on traveltime inversion of local and regional earthquake data. Our results are well resolved up to ~90 km depth. Our high-resolution tomographic image shows heterogenous crustal architecture with substantial variations along-strike as well as across-strike of Nepal Himalayas with patches of high/low-velocity zones. Our tomographic model exhibits a close correlation with varying rupture process and its relationship to tectonic setting accompanying the main shock inferring role of crustal heterogeneities in controlling source rupture dynamics. We infer that seismogenesis is governed by crustal architecture, heterogeneities, and geometry of MHT. Low-velocity anomalies in shallower part may correspond to alignments of faults/tectonics features representing weak zones of seismogenic crust and high-velocity anomalies may represent hard and rigid blocks. This suggests that earthquakes normally initiate at interface/boundary of high- and low-velocity anomalies separating two anomalous zones of structural heterogeneities. High-velocity blocks have relatively higher mechanical strength and hence act as stress concentrators. We observed that main shock of Mw 7.8 nucleated in mid-crustal ramp zone of MHT in a zone of lower crustal thickness. As rupture propagated eastward along down-dip portion of MHT it reached the higher crustal thickness and higher seismic velocity where Mw 7.3 event triggered. We infer that this may have blocked the rupture propagations towards east-southeastward and hence controls spatial limits of rupture. We infer that first earthquake led to an increase in strain in more rigid body that ruptured when it was strained beyond its elastic limit.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and antifolate evaluation of the 10-propargyl derivatives of 5-deazafolic acid, 5-deazaaminopterin, and 5-methyl-5-deazaaminopterin (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 35 (1992), S. 332-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00080a019
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical and eddy structure approaches to turbulent mixing (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 1443-1443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: For industrial and environmental purposes there is a need for broad concepts and general models to describe many types of mixing processes and situations. These concepts arise from exact conversation results,1 and the similarity of the velocity fields and the particle displacements in turbulent fields at high Reynolds number, especially in the presence of shear. However, the design and control of mixing, like other kinds of turbulent problems, is usually improved by considering quasideterministic models of how turbulent eddies affect the process. Such models are changing with new computations and experimental studies of turbulence structure. Mixing involves continuously bringing together volumes of fluid with different concentrations on small enough scales to effect mixing between molecules.The Lagrangian statistical analysis of the displacements of fluid elements enables joint moments of concentration to be calculated in terms of initial concentration distributions in the absence of diffusion and reaction.2 This macromixing analysis in conjunction with simple concepts of small-scale mixing leads to models and a new understanding for many mixing processes, e.g., concentration fluctuations, simple chemical reactions, and the effects of varying the mean shear, the velocity spectra and the molecular diffusivity.3–7 Since extreme pollution concentrations and many complex chemical and physical processes can only be understood in a given scalar field, rather than from statistics of scalar fields, it is necessary to understand and model where and how mixing occurs in a single realization of the flow. This requires computing and/or measuring the evolving velocity and scalar fields in turbulent flows. Recent direct numerical simulations8–10 and kinematic simulations,11,12 i.e., velocity fields constructed from random Fourier modes, with observed or idealized two-point, two-time Eulerian and Lagrangian spectra, have shown (i) how surface areas expand exponentially, and volumes elongate only slightly;8,13 (ii) how scalar surfaces are deformed quite differently in different characteristic regions of turbulent flows; viz., vortical, eddy regions (rolling up into "fractal'' surfaces), convergent–divergent, stagnating regions (stretching out, and nonfractal), and streaming regions (where tendrils form);14 (iii) how large volumes of matter disperse in particular events (which cannot be obtained from ensemble average statistics obtained from stochastic models based on displacements of one or two particles).15
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.858030
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