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  • 1
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    Activity-dependent regulation of inhibitory synapse development by Npas4 (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-26
    Description: Neuronal activity regulates the development and maturation of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the mammalian brain. Several recent studies have identified signalling networks within neurons that control excitatory synapse development. However, less is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate the activity-dependent development of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)-releasing inhibitory synapses. Here we report the identification of a transcription factor, Npas4, that plays a role in the development of inhibitory synapses by regulating the expression of activity-dependent genes, which in turn control the number of GABA-releasing synapses that form on excitatory neurons. These findings demonstrate that the activity-dependent gene program regulates inhibitory synapse development, and suggest a new role for this program in controlling the homeostatic balance between synaptic excitation and inhibition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2637532/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2637532/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Yingxi -- Bloodgood, Brenda L -- Hauser, Jessica L -- Lapan, Ariya D -- Koon, Alex C -- Kim, Tae-Kyung -- Hu, Linda S -- Malik, Athar N -- Greenberg, Michael E -- HD18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS27572/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS48276/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS047572/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS047572-01A10001/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS047572-020001/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS047572-030001/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS047572-040001/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS047572-050001/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH091220/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048276/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048276-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048276-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048276-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048276-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048276-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 30;455(7217):1198-204. doi: 10.1038/nature07319. Epub 2008 Sep 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18815592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Electrophysiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Mice ; Neurons/metabolism ; Rats ; Synapses/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Human fetal skeletal muscle contains a myogenic side population that expresses the melanoma cell-adhesion molecule (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-28
    Description: Muscle side population (SP) cells are rare myogenic progenitors distinct from satellite cells, the known tissue-specific stem cells of skeletal muscle. Studies in mice demonstrated that muscle SP cells give rise to satellite cells in vivo . Given that muscle SP cells are heterogeneous, it has been difficult to prospectively enrich for myogenic progenitors within the SP fraction, particularly from human tissue. Further, conditions that favor the expansion of human muscle SP cells while retaining their myogenic potential have yet to be reported. In this study, human fetal muscle SP and main population (MP) cells were purified based on the expression of melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM), a marker we previously reported to enrich for cells with myogenic potential. To define the relationship between MCAM expression and the degree of myogenic commitment, single cells were analyzed for the expression of myogenic-specific markers. Myogenic factors strongly associated with MCAM expression in single cells, particularly Myf5. Different MCAM+ populations, including SP cells, were expanded and assayed for fusion potential in vitro and engraftment potential in vivo . All MCAM+ subpopulations fused robustly into myotubes in vitro , whereas the MCAM– subpopulations did not. Further, MCAM+ SP cells exhibited the highest fusion potential in vitro and were the only fraction to engraft in vivo , although at low levels, following propagation. Thus, MCAM can be used to prospectively enrich for myogenic muscle SP cells in human fetal muscle. Moreover, we provide evidence that human MCAM+ SP cells have intrinsic myogenic activity that is retained after propagation.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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