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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We examine mid- to late Holocene centennial-scale climate variability in Ireland using proxy data from peatlands, lakes and a speleothem. A high degree of between-record variability is apparent in the proxy data and significant chronological uncertainties are present. However, tephra layers provide a robust tool for correlation and improve the chronological precision of the records. Although we can find no statistically significant coherence in the dataset as a whole, a selection of high-quality peatland water table reconstructions co-vary more than would be expected by chance alone. A locally weighted regression model with bootstrapping can be used to construct a ‘best-estimate’ palaeoclimatic reconstruction from these datasets. Visual comparison and cross-wavelet analysis of peatland water table compilations from Ireland and Northern Britain shows that there are some periods of coherence between these records. Some terrestrial palaeoclimatic changes in Ireland appear to coincide with changes in the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation and solar activity. However, these relationships are inconsistent and may be obscured by chronological uncertainties. We conclude by suggesting an agenda for future Holocene climate research in Ireland.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-07-12
    Description: The acquisition of a stratigraphically intact Antarctic ice column spanning the past 1.5 million years requires understanding of the thermal state of both the basal layer of the ice sheet and the underlying bed, which are influenced strongly by the coupled boundary conditions of geothermal heat flow and accumulation rate. However, geothermal heat flow, crustal structure, lithology, and other geological controls on thermal and hydraulic conductivity are poorly understood for likely ‘old ice’ regions of Antarctica. In the 2022/23 Antarctic field season, we collected over 20,000 line km of new airborne radar, magnetics, and gravity data over a poorly-surveyed region of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet between Dome A and the South Pole. We present updated maps of subglacial topography and ice thickness, as well as free-air and Bouguer anomaly grids, which can be used to make preliminary inferences about the crustal framework and basal thermal regime of the study area. These data, supplemented by existing geophysical observations, will inform further airborne and ground-based geophysical surveys and provide important context for ice flow models and selection of potential sites for old ice drilling operations.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-07-13
    Description: The Center for Oldest Ice Exploration is using a phased approach for locating a stratigraphically intact ice core capturing the mid-Pleistocene climate transition, targeting regions near the South Pole in East Antarctica. In January 2023, we completed a broad, regional airborne survey of the southern flank of Dome A, Antarctica from South Pole Station, imaging the large scale structure of the ice sheet and underlying crust using ice penetrating radar, aeromagnetics and airborne gravity. Based on these results, in 2023/24 we will perform targeted airborne surveys at several subregions at ice thickness length scales characterize candidate sites, which will be used to locate follow-on ground-based high resolution studies. We report on current progress in year 1 data processing, focusing on englacial structure and bed properties, and implications for follow on survey work.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2023-09-12
    Description: To enhance monitoring and understanding of coastal sea levels, as well as provide information for adapting to sea level rise, the University of Hawaii Sea Level Center is installing new tide gauges throughout the Hawaiian Islands. All of the tide gauge stations are designed according to quality-control standards developed by the UNESCO-IOC Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS), along with two additional geodetic leveling steps. Firstly, to facilitate long-term monitoring of sea levels relative to the coastline, the vertical datum of each station is held constant with respect to the regional land elevation. New for this Hawaii tide gauge network, all of the water level measurements are referenced to an island-specific vertical datum, which is based on each station elevation with respect to a constant tidal datum. On the island of Oahu, for example, elevations of five new tide gauges are referenced to the tide gauge in Honolulu Harbor. We determined station elevations by surveying with respect to an existing benchmark network in Hawaii that is on a common datum (NAD PA11 ellipsoidal height). Measuring water levels with respect to island-specific datums will support adaptation planning to address sea level rise by determining how sea levels vary by location. We also recorded ellipsoidal height differences from the gravitational model for Hawaii (GEOID12B) to transfer sea levels into a physically consistent framework. Here, the methodology for implementing the Hawaii tide gauge network will be presented, along with discussion about applicability to other regions where long-term monitoring of sea levels is important.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-10-17
    Description: Gravity surveying is challenging in Antarctica because of its hostile environment and inaccessibility. Nevertheless, many ground-based, airborne, and shipborne gravity campaigns have been completed by the geophysical and geodetic communities since the 1980s. We present the first modern Antarctic-wide gravity data compilation derived from 13 million data points covering an area of 10 million km2, which corresponds to 73% coverage of the continent. The remove-compute-restore technique was applied for gridding, which facilitated leveling of the different gravity data sets with respect to an Earth gravity model derived from satellite data alone. The resulting free-air and Bouguer gravity anomaly grids of 10 km resolution are publicly available. These grids will enable new high-resolution combined Earth gravity models to be derived and represent a major step forward toward solving the geodetic polar data gap problem. They provide a new tool to investigate continental-scale lithospheric structure and geological evolution of Antarctica.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-08-19
    Description: The second generation Antarctic magnetic anomaly compilation for the region south of 60°S includes some 3.5 million line-km of aeromagnetic and marine magnetic data that more than doubles the initial map’s near-surface database. For the new compilation, the magnetic data sets were corrected for the International Geomagnetic Reference Field, diurnal effects, and high-frequency errors and leveled, gridded, and stitched together. The new magnetic data further constrain the crustal architecture and geological evolution of the Antarctic Peninsula and the West Antarctic Rift System in West Antarctica, as well as Dronning Maud Land, the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, the Prince Charles Mountains, Princess Elizabeth Land, and Wilkes Land in East Antarctica and the circumjacent oceanic margins. Overall, the magnetic anomaly compilation helps unify disparate regional geologic and geophysical studies by providing new constraints on major tectonic and magmatic processes that affected the Antarctic from Precambrian to Cenozoic times.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-10-20
    Description: The Antarctic geomagnetics' community remains very active in crustal anomaly mapping. More than 1.5 million line-km of new air- and shipborne data have been acquired over the past decade by the international community in Antarctica. These new data together with surveys that previously were not in the public domain significantly upgrade the ADMAP compilation. Aeromagnetic flights over East Antarctica have been concentrated in the TransantarcticMountains, the Prince CharlesMountains – Lambert Glacier area, and western Dronning Maud Land (DML)—Coats Land. Additionally, surveys were conducted over Lake Vostok and the western part of Marie Byrd Land by the US Support Office for Aerogeophysical Research projects and over theAmundsen Sea Embayment during the austral summer of 2004/2005 by a collaborative US/UK aerogeophysical campaign. New aeromagnetic data over the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains (120,000 line-km), acquired within the IPY Antarctica's Gamburtsev Province project reveal fundamental geologic features beneath the East Antarctic Ice sheet critical to understanding Precambrian continental growth processes. Roughly 100,000 line-km of magnetic data obtained within the International Collaboration for Exploration of the Cryosphere through Aerogeophysical Profiling promises to shed light on subglacial lithology and identify crustal boundaries for the central Antarctic Plate. Since the 1996/97 season, the Alfred Wegener Institute has collected 90,000 km of aeromagnetic data along a 1200 km long segment of the East Antarctic coast over western DML. Recent cruises by Australian, German, Japanese, Russian, British, and American researchers have contributed to long-standing studies of the Antarctic continental margin. Along the continental margin of East Antarcticawest ofMaud Rise to the George V Coast of Victoria Land, the Russian Polar Marine Geological Research Expedition and Geoscience Australia obtained 80,000 and 20,000 line-km, respectively, of integrated seismic, gravity and magnetic data. Additionally, US expeditions collected 128,000 line-km of shipborne magnetic data in the Ross Sea sector.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-04-17
    Description: Ice thickness data over much of East Antarctica are sparse and irregularly distributed. This poses difficulties for reconstructing the homogeneous coverage needed to properly assess underlying sub-glacial morphology and fundamental geometric constraints on sea level rise. Here we introduce a new physically-based ice thickness interpolation scheme and apply this to existing ice thickness data in the Aurora Subglacial Basin region. The skill and robustness of the new reconstruction is demonstrated by comparison with new data from the ICECAP project. The interpolated morphology shows an extensive marine-based ice sheet, with considerably more area below sea-level than shown by prior studies. It also shows deep features connecting the coastal grounding zone with the deepest regions in the interior. This has implications for ice sheet response to a warming ocean and underscores the importance of obtaining additional high resolution data in these marginal zones for modelling ice sheet evolution.
    Description: Published
    Description: 551-560
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Ice ; Cryosphere ; RES systems ; Ice thickness ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.04. Ice
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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