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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Before the event (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 341 (1989), S. 100-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-It seems that you are caught on the horns of a philosophical dilemma ("Down with the Big Bang", Nature 340, 425; 1989). You reject an oscillatory view of the Universe at least partly on the grounds that "the ultimate origin of our world cannot be discussed". You therefore reject as ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/341100d0
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capital mobility and the possibilities for international policy coordination (1994)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 27 (1994), S. 395-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Abstract When capital is internationally mobile, small differences in macroeconomic policies generate massive payments imbalances that cannot be managed successfully with the policy tools used during the Bretton Woods era. Monetary and fiscal policy coordination is needed to stabilize the international economy, but is difficult to achieve. This article uses insights from the theoretical literature on international cooperation to account for characteristics of policy coordination in recent years. Examination of the strategic situation helps to explain why governments have rejected proposals for a rules-based regime (e.g., strict multilateral surveillance using quantitative indicators) yet have coordinated policy adjustments on an ad hoc basis in response to crises. A solution to the strategic problem — in which there is one mutually adverse outcome (no adjustment by any government) and a number of Pareto-optimal outcomes preferred by different governments — depends on the exercise of power. Consideration of theories about hegemony and cooperation suggests that the U.S. continues to act as a hegemon in this area, albeit of the coercive rather than benevolent sort. International theories of cooperation, however, neglect the domestic policy making practices and institutions that pose the central problems for international policy coordination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01000066
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dominant mutation in mouse cells associated with resistance to Hoechst 33258 dye, but sensitivity to ultraviolet light and DNA base-damaging compounds (1987)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 13 (1987), S. 21-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A spontaneous derivative of murine Ltk − cells has been isolated which has gained a resistance to the cytostatic/lethal effects of high concentrations of Hoechst 33258. The resistant clone HoeR-415 was at least 20-fold more resistant to the dye (D10 dose). HoeR-415 cells have a normal response to X-rays and mitomycin-C and colchicine but were found to show a small sensitivity to UV light, 4NQO, and EMS (1.4, 1.6, and 1.6-fold lower D10 doses, respectively). HoeR-415 cells do not show an increased mutability by EMS. The HoeR phenotype was found to be codominant in hybrids. In order to explain these various characteristics, we suggest that the HoeR-415 mutation may result in an altered topoisomerase activity. Consistent with this we find HoeR-415 cells have an increased sensitivity to novobiocin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02422296
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fingerprinting cell lines: Use of human hypervariable DNA probes to characterize mammalian cell cultures (1988)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 14 (1988), S. 519-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hypervariable DNA sequences may be used as probes to derive DNA “fingerprints” for individuals. To assess the use of the human 33.15 and 33.6 probes (isolated by Jeffreys and coworkers) for characterizing cell lines of nonhuman origin, DNA from different stocks of Chinese hamster (CH) cells was screened. All CHO (ovary) sublines could be readily distinguished from CH-V79 sublines by their fingerprints, but where two stocks had been derived recently from the same line, their fingerprints were nearly identical. Similarly fingerprints of HPRT-deficient mutants derived from one cell stock were identical. A V79 × CHO fusion hybrid showed equal fingerprint band-sharing with each parent line, while early-passage diploid CH cells had a fingerprint closer to CHO than to V79. Thus these data introduce a simple means of typing cell lines to avoid cross-contamination, of checking cell hybrids, and of assessing the divergence of cell stocks from one another.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01535307
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth response of four tropical plantation timber species to increasing phosphorus supply and assessment of phosphorus requirements using foliar analysis (2000)
    Springer
    New forests 20 (2000), S. 193-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: Agathis ; cabinet-timber ; Castanospermum ; Cedrela ; Flindersia ; mineral nutrition ; prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An understanding of the comparative nutritionalrequirements of important timber species isfundamental in the development of sustainable systemsfor the production of wood from plantations on manyinfertile, highly weathered soils in the humidtropics. We established a field experiment comparingthe responses of four highly-valued cabinet timberspecies (Cedrela odorata, Agathis robusta,Flindersia brayleyana and Castanospermumaustrale) to phosphate fertiliser on a soil very lowin chemically extractable phosphorus (4 mg P/kg soil). Similar soils derived from Palaeozoic metasedimentsare widespread throughout the humid tropics ofnorthern Australia, south-east Asia and thesouth-western Pacific, and are typical of those onmany sites available for plantation forestry in theregion. Phosphorus fertiliser treatments (rangingfrom 0 to 300 g P/tree) were applied soon afterplanting to all four species, as was a basalfertiliser dressing supplying adequate levels of allother mineral nutrients. Two species (F.brayleyana and C. australe) maintained goodgrowth even without additional P and showed little orno response in growth or foliar P concentration toincreased P supply. The other two species (C.odorata and A. robusta) responded strongly inboth growth and foliar P concentration to increasingP supply. In these responsive species, chemicalanalysis of foliage at 17 months after planting wasshown to have potential diagnostic and prognosticvalue. Phosphorus concentrations less than 0.30% drymatter (DM) in the petiole plus rachis of young matureleaves of C. odorata, and less than 0.19% DM inthe distal needle leaves of A. robusta, wereassociated with diminished growth of these two speciesboth at the time of sampling and 21 months later. Theresults indicate that there are significantdifferences in the ability of tropical tree species toacquire and use phosphorus, and consequently thatsimple prescriptive applications of phosphorusfertiliser to young plantations, irrespective of soiltype or tree species, are often inefficient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006756105284
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incorporation of slow-release fertilisers into nursery media (1999)
    Springer
    New forests 18 (1999), S. 277-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: Acacia ; coir ; forest nursery ; Gmelina ; Solomon Islands ; tree nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Field application of fertilisers is frequently ineffective in supplying limiting nutrients during establishment of plantation trees in highly weathered soils in the humid tropics. An alternative strategy for more effective delivery of nutrients to establishing trees was investigated in a field experiment on Kolombangara in the Solomon Islands. Under routine operational nursery conditions, cuttings of Gmelina arborea and seeds of Acacia mangium were planted into a coir (composted coconut husks) potting medium to which a range of rates of slow-release fertilisers had been applied. The growth performance of this nursery stock was then measured during the first 14 months following planting in the field. Incorporation of slow release fertilisers into the nursery medium significantly improved the growth of both species in the field, with more than 100% increases in volume index associated with the highest rates of slow release fertiliser application. This strong nutrient response during tree establishment was in sharp contrast to the absence of any effect from much higher rates of surface applied fertilisers that had been observed in previous field experiments on this same soil type. The placement of the slow release fertilisers within the immediate proximity of roots of the establishing trees, and the subsequent effects of this in increasing their abilities to compete with regrowth vegetation for site nutrient resources probably accounted for the high effectiveness of this fertiliser strategy in enhancing tree growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006693308681
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pot size affects expression of Mn efficiency in barley (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 178 (1996), S. 205-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: barley ; genotype ; Mn concentration ; Mn efficiency ; pot size ; screening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Mn efficiency is defined here as an ability of a genotype to grow and yield well in a soil which is limiting in available Mn for a standard genotype (Graham, 1984). Screening for Mn efficiency in soil-based pot testing had been producing inconsistent results, and thus improvement of pot screening became an objective. One possible factor, pot size was examined as the cause, using two sizes of pot. In large pots, the expectation of higher dry matter and shoot Mn concentration in a Mn-efficient genotype compared to a Mn-inefficient genotype was realised over a wide range of Mn supply, whereas in small pots, the genotypic differences were expressed at only one, low rate of Mn supply (10 mg kg soil-1). Plants in the small pots strongly responded to root restriction by decreasing yields and increasing root/shoot ratios and Mn concentrations of shoots. The critical value of Mn concentration for shoot growth was not affected by the small pots, but the Mn mobilization by plants might be affected in the small pots. The practical outcome of these results is that using an adequate size of pot and measuring the Mn concentration of shoots, soil-based pot screening for Mn efficiency can be improved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011584
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boron efficiency in oilseed rape: II. Development of a rapid lab-based screening technique (2000)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 225 (2000), S. 253-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: boron ; efficiency ; genotypic variation ; micronutrient ; oilseed rape
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The level of genotypic variation in tolerance to low boron (B) supply was investigated in solution culture grown, 10 day old (D10) oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) plants, by using a rapid screening technique whereby root length, root elongation rate and total root dry weight were used to indicate plant response to B. Root length proved more reliable in determining genotype responses, and was used to characterise a total of 61 genotypes, of which Huashuang 2, Nangchang rape, Huashuang 1 and Zhongyou 821, and to a lesser extent, Zheyou 2, Dunkeld, Xinza 2, Nangjin 2051, 92-58, 92-13, and Awassa 115 exhibited some form of tolerance to low B supply. The genotypic rankings based on this early vegetative response corroborated with field based B-efficiency. The results demonstrate the expression of the B-efficiency mechanism in the early vegetative stages of plant growth, and establish the value of root length as a selection criterion for B-efficiency in oilseed rape.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026595012326
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    π-Facial hydrogen bonding in the chiral resolving agent 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9-anthryl)-ethanol and its racemic modification (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 6 (1994), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: intermolecular association ; hydrogen-bonding ; π-facial ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2,2,2-Trifluoro-(9-anthryl)-ethanol (TFAE) has been extensively used, in its pure enantiomeric forms, as a chiral solvating agent in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). It has also played an important role in the development of chiral stationary phases in liquid chromatography (LC). X-ray crystallography of the enantiomeric and racemic crystals shows, in both cases, the formation of an intermolecular hydrogen bond between the O—H and the π-face of one of the rings of the anthracene aromatic system.1 Few examples of such hydrogen bonding have been published previously, and those that have are not as clear cut as in this case. An explanation for the hydrogen bonding is sought using molecular modelling via the PM3 analytically derived molecular electrostatic potentials. Using NMR and dynamic lineshape analysis, the barrier to rotation about the aryl-carbon bond is estimated, indicating the C—CF3 bond to be perpendicular to the anthracene axis in nonpolar solution. This conformation is identical to the conformation in the crystal. Evidence is also presented to support the formation of intermolecular π-facial hydrogen bonding in TFAE solutions. It is thought that such hydrogen bonding may be implicated in chiral recognition using this compound. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530060406
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further evidence that zinc is required throughout the root zone for optimal plant growth and development (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 150 (1993), S. 247-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: deficiency ; efficiency ; genotypic variation ; sub-soil ; water use ; wheat ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of variable Zn supply with depth in a soil profile was examined in two wheat genotypes differing in their Zn efficiency. ‘Gatcher’ (Zn-inefficient) and ‘Excalibur’ (Zn-efficient) were grown in a low Zn soil in pots with two treatment zones. The upper zone (10 cm) was supplied with Zn while Zn was either supplied or withheld from the lower zone (25 cm). In both genotypes, withholding Zn from the lower zone had no effect on root growth in either the upper or lower zones; neither did it affect plant appearance prior to booting. However, withholding Zn from the lower zone delayed head emergence in Gatcher by some 10 d and depressed grain yield by 20%. In Excalibur, Zn treatment had no effect on head emergence or grain yield. In Gatcher, withholding Zn from the lower zone depressed water usage by 12% during a 60 d period preceding maturity. No effect of Zn treatment on water usage was seen in Excalibur. Tissue Zn concentrations closely reflected the lower zone Zn treatments in both genotypes. Irrespective of the Zn treatment, Excalibur had higher Zn concentrations in flag leaves but lower concentrations in grain than Gatcher. In whole shoots, genotypic differences in Zn concentration only occurred when Zn was added to the lower zone; Excalibur having almost twice that of Gatcher. Clearly, if Zn is not supplied to the entire root system there is the potential for impaired root function and plant development, and for reduced grain yield. Approaches to managing this problem are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00013021
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