ALBERT

Description: A stochastic background of gravitational waves is expected to arise from a superposition of a large number of unresolved gravitational-wave sources of astrophysical and cosmological origin. It should carry unique signatures from the earliest epochs in the evolution of the Universe, inaccessible to standard astrophysical observations. Direct measurements of the amplitude of this background are therefore of fundamental importance for understanding the evolution of the Universe when it was younger than one minute. Here we report limits on the amplitude of the stochastic gravitational-wave background using the data from a two-year science run of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO). Our result constrains the energy density of the stochastic gravitational-wave background normalized by the critical energy density of the Universe, in the frequency band around 100 Hz, to be 〈6.9 x 10(-6) at 95% confidence. The data rule out models of early Universe evolution with relatively large equation-of-state parameter, as well as cosmic (super)string models with relatively small string tension that are favoured in some string theory models. This search for the stochastic background improves on the indirect limits from Big Bang nucleosynthesis and cosmic microwave background at 100 Hz.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉LIGO Scientific Collaboration & Virgo Collaboration -- Abbott, B P -- Abbott, R -- Acernese, F -- Adhikari, R -- Ajith, P -- Allen, B -- Allen, G -- Alshourbagy, M -- Amin, R S -- Anderson, S B -- Anderson, W G -- Antonucci, F -- Aoudia, S -- Arain, M A -- Araya, M -- Armandula, H -- Armor, P -- Arun, K G -- Aso, Y -- Aston, S -- Astone, P -- Aufmuth, P -- Aulbert, C -- Babak, S -- Baker, P -- Ballardin, G -- Ballmer, S -- Barker, C -- Barker, D -- Barone, F -- Barr, B -- Barriga, P -- Barsotti, L -- Barsuglia, M -- Barton, M A -- Bartos, I -- Bassiri, R -- Bastarrika, M -- Bauer, Th S -- Behnke, B -- Beker, M -- Benacquista, M -- Betzwieser, J -- Beyersdorf, P T -- Bigotta, S -- Bilenko, I A -- Billingsley, G -- Birindelli, S -- Biswas, R -- Bizouard, M A -- Black, E -- Blackburn, J K -- Blackburn, L -- Blair, D -- Bland, B -- Boccara, C -- Bodiya, T P -- Bogue, L -- Bondu, F -- Bonelli, L -- Bork, R -- Boschi, V -- Bose, S -- Bosi, L -- Braccini, S -- Bradaschia, C -- Brady, P R -- Braginsky, V B -- Brand, J F J van den -- Brau, J E -- Bridges, D O -- Brillet, A -- Brinkmann, M -- Brisson, V -- Van Den Broeck, C -- Brooks, A F -- Brown, D A -- Brummit, A -- Brunet, G -- Bullington, A -- Bulten, H J -- Buonanno, A -- Burmeister, O -- Buskulic, D -- Byer, R L -- Cadonati, L -- Cagnoli, G -- Calloni, E -- Camp, J B -- Campagna, E -- Cannizzo, J -- Cannon, K C -- Canuel, B -- Cao, J -- Carbognani, F -- Cardenas, L -- Caride, S -- Castaldi, G -- Caudill, S -- Cavaglia, M -- Cavalier, F -- Cavalieri, R -- Cella, G -- Cepeda, C -- Cesarini, E -- Chalermsongsak, T -- Chalkley, E -- Charlton, P -- Chassande-Mottin, E -- Chatterji, S -- Chelkowski, S -- Chen, Y -- Christensen, N -- Chung, C T Y -- Clark, D -- Clark, J -- Clayton, J H -- Cleva, F -- Coccia, E -- Cokelaer, T -- Colacino, C N -- Colas, J -- Colla, A -- Colombini, M -- Conte, R -- Cook, D -- Corbitt, T R C -- Corda, C -- Cornish, N -- Corsi, A -- Coulon, J-P -- Coward, D -- Coyne, D C -- Creighton, J D E -- Creighton, T D -- Cruise, A M -- Culter, R M -- Cumming, A -- Cunningham, L -- Cuoco, E -- Danilishin, S L -- D'Antonio, S -- Danzmann, K -- Dari, A -- Dattilo, V -- Daudert, B -- Davier, M -- Davies, G -- Daw, E J -- Day, R -- De Rosa, R -- Debra, D -- Degallaix, J -- Del Prete, M -- Dergachev, V -- Desai, S -- Desalvo, R -- Dhurandhar, S -- Di Fiore, L -- Di Lieto, A -- Di Paolo Emilio, M -- Di Virgilio, A -- Diaz, M -- Dietz, A -- Donovan, F -- Dooley, K L -- Doomes, E E -- Drago, M -- Drever, R W P -- Dueck, J -- Duke, I -- Dumas, J-C -- Dwyer, J G -- Echols, C -- Edgar, M -- Effler, A -- Ehrens, P -- Ely, G -- Espinoza, E -- Etzel, T -- Evans, M -- Evans, T -- Fafone, V -- Fairhurst, S -- Faltas, Y -- Fan, Y -- Fazi, D -- Fehrmann, H -- Ferrante, I -- Fidecaro, F -- Finn, L S -- Fiori, 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Rabeling, D S -- Radkins, H -- Raffai, P -- Raics, Z -- Rainer, N -- Rakhmanov, M -- Rapagnani, P -- Raymond, V -- Re, V -- Reed, C M -- Reed, T -- Regimbau, T -- Rehbein, H -- Reid, S -- Reitze, D H -- Ricci, F -- Riesen, R -- Riles, K -- Rivera, B -- Roberts, P -- Robertson, N A -- Robinet, F -- Robinson, C -- Robinson, E L -- Rocchi, A -- Roddy, S -- Rolland, L -- Rollins, J -- Romano, J D -- Romano, R -- Romie, J H -- Rover, C -- Rowan, S -- Rudiger, A -- Ruggi, P -- Russell, P -- Ryan, K -- Sakata, S -- Salemi, F -- Sandberg, V -- Sannibale, V -- Santamaria, L -- Saraf, S -- Sarin, P -- Sassolas, B -- Sathyaprakash, B S -- Sato, S -- Satterthwaite, M -- Saulson, P R -- Savage, R -- Savov, P -- Scanlan, M -- Schilling, R -- Schnabel, R -- Schofield, R -- Schulz, B -- Schutz, B F -- Schwinberg, P -- Scott, J -- Scott, S M -- Searle, A C -- Sears, B -- Seifert, F -- Sellers, D -- Sengupta, A S -- Sentenac, D -- Sergeev, A -- Shapiro, B -- Shawhan, P -- Shoemaker, D H -- Sibley, A -- Siemens, X -- Sigg, D -- Sinha, S -- Sintes, A M -- Slagmolen, B J J -- Slutsky, J -- van der Sluys, M V -- Smith, J R -- Smith, M R -- Smith, N D -- Somiya, K -- Sorazu, B -- Stein, A -- Stein, L C -- Steplewski, S -- Stochino, A -- Stone, R -- Strain, K A -- Strigin, S -- Stroeer, A -- Sturani, R -- Stuver, A L -- Summerscales, T Z -- Sun, K-X -- Sung, M -- Sutton, P J -- Swinkels, B L -- Szokoly, G P -- Talukder, D -- Tang, L -- Tanner, D B -- Tarabrin, S P -- Taylor, J R -- Taylor, R -- Terenzi, R -- Thacker, J -- Thorne, K A -- Thorne, K S -- Thuring, A -- Tokmakov, K V -- Toncelli, A -- Tonelli, M -- Torres, C -- Torrie, C -- Tournefier, E -- Travasso, F -- Traylor, G -- Trias, M -- Trummer, J -- Ugolini, D -- Ulmen, J -- Urbanek, K -- Vahlbruch, H -- Vajente, G -- Vallisneri, M -- Vass, S -- Vaulin, R -- Vavoulidis, M -- Vecchio, A -- Vedovato, G -- van Veggel, A A -- Veitch, J -- Veitch, P -- Veltkamp, C -- Verkindt, D -- Vetrano, F -- Vicere, A -- Villar, A -- Vinet, J-Y -- Vocca, H -- Vorvick, C -- Vyachanin, S P -- Waldman, S J -- Wallace, L -- Ward, H -- Ward, R L -- Was, M -- Weidner, A -- Weinert, M -- Weinstein, A J -- Weiss, R -- Wen, L -- Wen, S -- Wette, K -- Whelan, J T -- Whitcomb, S E -- Whiting, B F -- Wilkinson, C -- Willems, P A -- Williams, H R -- Williams, L -- Willke, B -- Wilmut, I -- Winkelmann, L -- Winkler, W -- Wipf, C C -- Wiseman, A G -- Woan, G -- Wooley, R -- Worden, J -- Wu, W -- Yakushin, I -- Yamamoto, H -- Yan, Z -- Yoshida, S -- Yvert, M -- Zanolin, M -- Zhang, J -- Zhang, L -- Zhao, C -- Zotov, N -- Zucker, M E -- Zweizig, J -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 20;460(7258):990-4. doi: 10.1038/nature08278.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lists of participants and their affiliations appear at the end of the paper.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19693079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Mapping of homozygous deletions on human chromosome 10q23 has led to the isolation of a candidate tumor suppressor gene, PTEN, that appears to be mutated at considerable frequency in human cancers. In preliminary screens, mutations of PTEN were detected in 31% (13/42) of glioblastoma cell lines and xenografts, 100% (4/4) of prostate cancer cell lines, 6% (4/65) of breast cancer cell lines and xenografts, and 17% (3/18) of primary glioblastomas. The predicted PTEN product has a protein tyrosine phosphatase domain and extensive homology to tensin, a protein that interacts with actin filaments at focal adhesions. These homologies suggest that PTEN may suppress tumor cell growth by antagonizing protein tyrosine kinases and may regulate tumor cell invasion and metastasis through interactions at focal adhesions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, J -- Yen, C -- Liaw, D -- Podsypanina, K -- Bose, S -- Wang, S I -- Puc, J -- Miliaresis, C -- Rodgers, L -- McCombie, R -- Bigner, S H -- Giovanella, B C -- Ittmann, M -- Tycko, B -- Hibshoosh, H -- Wigler, M H -- Parsons, R -- 5R35 CA39829/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 28;275(5308):1943-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9072974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Author(s): C. Wan, M. Scala, S. Bose, A. C. Frangeskou, ATM A. Rahman, G. W. Morley, P. F. Barker, and M. S. Kim In the scheme recently proposed by M. Scala et al. [ Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 , 180403 (2013) ], a gravity-dependent phase shift is induced on the spin of a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in a trapped nanodiamond by the interaction between its magnetic moment and the quantized motion of the particle. This pr… [Phys. Rev. A 93, 043852] Published Wed Apr 27, 2016

Description: A detailed zircon U-Pb (SHRIMP) geochronological study of the amphibolite to granulite-grade rocks of the Rengali Province of eastern India records the growth history of the southern margin of the Singhbhum Craton. Pelitic and mafic granulites from the gneissic belt exhibit contrasting styles of metamorphism. Zircon of the pelitic granulites from the eastern segment yields c . 3528-3064 Ma detrital ages. Charnockitic gneiss from the eastern segment has protolith age of 3058±15 Ma while that from the central segment has protolith age of 2861±30 Ma. The latter rock records high-grade metamorphism at 2818±15 Ma. Hornblende gneiss from the central sector has a protolith age of 2828±9 Ma. Deformed leucogranite in the central and undeformed granitoid in the eastern segment were emplaced at 2807±13 Ma and 2809±13 Ma, respectively. The protolith of felsic gneiss from the central sector was emplaced at 2776±24 Ma. Most of the zircon samples contain overgrowths of c . 2500 Ma, inferred to be the age of reworking of the gneissic belt. Our data suggest that the Rengali Province evolved as an orogenic belt in the Neoarchean time ( c . 2800-2500 Ma) during southward growth of the Singhbhum Craton. These tectonothermal imprints at the margin of the Singhbhum Craton are possibly related to its inclusion within the supercontinent Ur. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bose, Sougato -- England -- Nature. 2013 Oct 3;502(7469):40-1. doi: 10.1038/nature12689. Epub 2013 Sep 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24067617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The Hsp90 heat shock protein of eukaryotic cells regulates the activity of proteins involved in signal transduction pathways and may direct intracellular protein folding in general. Hsp90 performs at least part of its function in a complex with a specific set of partner proteins that include members of the prolyl isomerase family. The properties of the major components of the Hsp90 complex were examined through the use of in vitro protein folding assays. Two of the components, FKBP52 and p23, functioned as mechanistically distinct molecular chaperones. These results suggest the existence of a super-chaperone complex in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bose, S -- Weikl, T -- Bugl, H -- Buchner, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 6;274(5293):1715-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Biophysik und Physikalische Biochemie, Universitat Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany. johannes.buchner@biologie.uni-regensburg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8939863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The mechanics of great subduction earthquakes are influenced by the frictional properties, structure, and composition of the plate-boundary fault. We present observations of the structure and composition of the shallow source fault of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and tsunami from boreholes drilled by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 343 and 343T. Logging-while-drilling and core-sample observations show a single major plate-boundary fault accommodated the large slip of the Tohoku-Oki earthquake rupture, as well as nearly all the cumulative interplate motion at the drill site. The localization of deformation onto a limited thickness (less than 5 meters) of pelagic clay is the defining characteristic of the shallow earthquake fault, suggesting that the pelagic clay may be a regionally important control on tsunamigenic earthquakes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chester, Frederick M -- Rowe, Christie -- Ujiie, Kohtaro -- Kirkpatrick, James -- Regalla, Christine -- Remitti, Francesca -- Moore, J Casey -- Toy, Virginia -- Wolfson-Schwehr, Monica -- Bose, Santanu -- Kameda, Jun -- Mori, James J -- Brodsky, Emily E -- Eguchi, Nobuhisa -- Toczko, Sean -- Expedition 343 and 343T Scientists -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1208-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1243719.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Tectonophysics, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311682" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Author(s): C. Wan, M. Scala, G. W. Morley, ATM. A. Rahman, H. Ulbricht, J. Bateman, P. F. Barker, S. Bose, and M. S. Kim We propose an interferometric scheme based on an untrapped nano-object subjected to gravity. The motion of the center of mass (c.m.) of the free object is coupled to its internal spin system magnetically, and a free flight scheme is developed based on coherent spin control. The wave packet of the te… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 143003] Published Wed Sep 28, 2016

Description: Author(s): S. Bose, D. Home, and S. Mal Can the most “classical-like” of all quantum states, namely the Schrödinger coherent state of a harmonic oscillator, exhibit nonclassical behavior? We find that for an oscillating object initially in a coherent state, merely by observing at various instants which spatial region the object is in, the... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 210402] Published Fri May 25, 2018

Description: Infanticide and offspring cannibalism are taxonomically widespread phenomena. In some group-living species, a new dominant individual taking over a group can benefit from infanticide if doing so induces potential mates to become reproductively available sooner. Despite widespread observations of infanticide (i.e. egg cannibalism) among fishes, no study has investigated whether egg cannibalism occurs in fishes as a result of group takeovers, or how this type of cannibalism might be adaptive. Using the cooperatively breeding cichlid, Neolamprologus pulcher , we tested whether new unrelated males entering the dominant position in a social group were more likely to cannibalize eggs, and whether such cannibalism would shorten the interval until the female's next spawning. Females spawned again sooner if their broods were removed than if they were cared for. Egg cannibalism occurred frequently after a group takeover event, and was rarer if the original male remained with the group. While dominant breeder females were initially highly aggressive towards newcomer males that took over the group, the degree of resistance depended on relative body size differences between the new pair and, ultimately, female aggression did not prevent egg cannibalism. Egg cannibalism, however, did not shorten the duration until subsequent spawning, or increase fecundity during subsequent breeding in our laboratory setting. Our results show that infanticide as mediated through group takeovers is a taxonomically widespread behaviour.